{"pageNumber":"1841","pageRowStart":"46000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68934,"records":[{"id":38793,"text":"pp560A - 1989 - Geology of the Arabian Peninsula; shield area of western Saudi Arabia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8083,"text":"ofr84203 - 1984 - Geology of the Arabian Peninsula shield area of western Saudi Arabia","indexId":"ofr84203","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Arabian Peninsula shield area of western Saudi Arabia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38793,"text":"pp560A - 1989 - Geology of the Arabian Peninsula; shield area of western Saudi Arabia","indexId":"pp560A","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geology of the Arabian Peninsula; shield area of western Saudi Arabia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T15:43:17","indexId":"pp560A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"560","chapter":"A","title":"Geology of the Arabian Peninsula; shield area of western Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>Western Arabia lies within the low-latitude desert of north Africa and the Middle East, the core being the Arabian segment of the African Shield. The core of complex basement rocks accounts for about 670,000 km<sup>2</sup>, or one-third of the Arabian Peninsula. Reconnaissance mapping of these crystalline rocks, together with bordering sedimentary rocks and volcanic flows, begun in 1950, resulted during the next 13 years in a series of geologic and geographic maps without extensive texts. The maps served as general guides for development of natural resources, including water supplies, ore deposits, and building materials. An intensive exploration program that began in 1963 and involved numerous geologists has vastly increased geologic information.</p>\n<p>Rainfall in Arabia is meager and episodic, and vegetation is sparse except in isolated copses on the crest of the Hejaz Range. Comparison of flora with similar species in the Sudan, where records of rainfall have long been kept, allows evaluation of mean annual precipitation. Wandering bedouin following fodder created a delicate balance between population and water supply-now disturbed by wells drilled in alluvium and lava fields.</p>\n<p>A trapezoidal region of Precambrian crystalline rocks lies along the northeast flank of the Red Sea, with two long prongs extending northwest and southeast for a total of 1,800 km. These basement rocks of the Arabian Shield are well exposed on the uplands, scarp mountains, and coastal pediments where the Phanerozoic cover rocks have been stripped as a result of Paleozoic epeirogeny and Tertiary ramping. The shield outcrops are divided into three tectonic provinces by N. 45&deg;W.- trending shear zones of the Najd fault system of latest Proterozoic and possibly earliest Paleozoic time. The southwestern province, the 'Asir1 upland, was sharply uplifted and tilted to the northeast during the Neogene. The northwestern province, consisting of the Ash Shifa'- Hisma upland as well as Jabal Shammar farther east, similarly was uplifted and tilted. These two provinces are separated by the flat-lying median N ajd province, which is chiefly bounded by the principal Najd faults.</p>\n<p>The outcrops of the shield rocks are of the Late Proterozoic Eonupper Riphean to Vendian or Infracambrian epochs, including the Ediacarian System. The most reliable isotopic ages range from about 900 to 560 m.y., but some Middle Proterozoic rocks may be present in the easternmost shield. The rocks are divided into six lithostratigraphic sequences, two plutonic suites, and an ophiolitic suite. The mafic and ultramafic volcanic and plutonic rocks of the ophiolitic suite everywhere were emplaced tectonically and are probably of different ages in different places. Some ophiolite occurs as obducted blocks, but most is highly deformed and altered to serpentinite in fault zones that mostly define sutures between different tectonic blocks or terranes within the shield.</p>\n<p>Three of the lithostratigraphic sequences consist of mafic to silicic volcanic rocks and volcanic-derived clastic rocks which, with their subvolcanic plutonic rocks of a dioritic suite, probably formed in oceanic island arcs during convergent plate tectonism. These rocks make up the primary, or first-formed, crust of the shield. Chemical analyses show that the primary shield rocks, regardless of age, are principally calc-alkalic with some associated tholeiitic varieties. Most of the layered rocks are andesitic, but they range from basalt to dacite and in places contain intercalated pillow basalt, marble, chert, and carbonaceous or graphitic schist. Most of the plutonic rocks of the dioritic suite are dioritic, but they range from gabbro to trondhjemite and rarely contain potassium feldspar. The sequences and an associated dioritic suite become younger toward the eastern shield, that is, the primary crust of the shield youngs toward the east.</p>\n<p>Two western sequences consist of the Jiddah (Samran) and BaishBahah Groups and range in radiometric age from about 900 to 800 m.y.; the eastern sequence consists of the Halaban (Hulayfah) Group and ranges from 800 to about 700 m.y. During subsequent orogeny, most of the rocks were intensely deformed and mostly metamorphosed to upper greenschist facies, but rising in places to the almandine-amphibolite facies.</p>\n<p>Two other lithostratigraphic sequences with an associated plutonic granitic suite are the products of two mountain-building episodes during which the primary crust was greatly thickened and converted into craton. The two sequences, including largely the Ablah (Al Ays) and Murdama (Shammar) Groups, consist of abundant sedimentary rocks, commonly arkosic, that are the erosional products of the orogenic mountains. They are several thousand meters thick. Less abundant calc-alkalic to alkalic volcanic rocks, commonly dacitic and rhyolitic, are intercalated with the sedimentary rocks. The plutonic rocks of the granitic suite in association with both sequences have syntectonic and posttectonic phases, are products of the orogenies, and are the principal new ingredients making up the craton.</p>\n<p>Gneiss domes were a significant part of these cratonization orogenies. In association with orogenic crustal heating, some of the low-density, more silicic tonalitic and trondhjemitic rocks of the primary crust rose as gneiss domes. Partial melting in the middle or lower crust below the gneiss domes produced large volumes of granitic magma that intruded the gneiss domes as granodioritic batholiths.</p>\n<p>The Ablah Group and the older part of the granitic suite are about 775 to 740 Ma old and are associated with the Ablah orogeny and early cratonization in the western and earlier formed half of the shield. The Murdama (Shammar) Group and the younger part of the granitic suite are about 660 to 580 Ma old and are associated with the culminant orogeny and late cratonization that was shieldwide. The granitic suite during both orogenies consists of early, syntectonic granodiorite batholiths associated with the gneiss domes and late, posttectonic monzogranite plutons. Only during the culminant orogeny, late magmatic evolution produced syenogranite and alkali-feldspar granite commonly in circular and ring-structured plutons and with associated explosive volcanic deposits (Shammar Group); final products, some of which have economic potential, were peralkalic and peraluminous. The late plutonism of the culminant orogeny was distinctly bimodal in that subordinate gabbroic rocks are associated with the granites.</p>\n<p>Various building blocks or terranes of the andesitic and dioritic primary crust were collisionally agglomerated during the Ablah orogeny, early cratonization, whereas the entire shield as currently exposed was further collisionally accreted and compressionally consolidated during the culminant orogeny, final cratonization. Thousands of kilometers of oceanic crust had to be subducted in about 300 m.y. to form the large primary crust of the Arabian Shield. The inevitable collisional events during consumption of such a large volume of oceanic crust invariably led to numerous collisional orogenies that collectively encompass the widely known Pan African tectonic episode.</p>\n<p>The youngest lithostratigraphic sequence, the Jubaylah Group, is essentially postcratonic, although it is the end product of the collisional culminant orogeny. Final east-west compression of the entire shield from about 580 to 560 m.y. caused the craton to fracture along the large northwest-trending, left-lateral faults and elsewhere along lesser, northeast-trending, right-lateral, conjugate faults of the N ajd fault system. Erosional products of this more localized deformation were the sedimentary rocks of the Jubaylah Group, which also includes intercalated andesitic to basaltic volcanic rocks of a mafic alkalic compositional trend.</p>\n<p>The collisional edge of an old continental plate (or tectonic fragments thereof), suspected on the eastern edge of the Arabian Shield, has not been shown with certainty to be exposed. Presumably, widespread contamination from such an old continental crust affects U/Pb, Sm/Nd, Rb/Sr, and common lead ratios in the young plutonic rocks of the easternmost shield. One mass of anorthosite near Jabal Khida' on the central eastern edge of the shield may be a fragment of this old continental plate in that associated granodiorite may be as old as 1,600 to 1,800 Ma.</p>\n<p>Epeirogenic uplift, erosion, and cooling of the uppermost shield during Early and Middle Cambrian time is indicated by an average fission track age of 510&plusmn;52 m.y., on sphene from diorite (hornblende K-Ar age of 615&plusmn;12 m.y.) in the southwestern part of the shield. The hiatus was followed by extensive deposition of the Cambro-Ordovician Saq Sandstone in the north and northeast and the Wajid Sandstone in the southeast and south of the shield. The Cambrian Siq Sandstone had already been deposited in the northern part. During the middle and late Paleozoic, broad epeirogeny caused further erosion of the shield until marine transgression deposited the Upper Permian Khuff Formation at least in the eastern part of the shield. In the southwestern shield, the nonmarine Upper Triassic Khums Sandstone was deposited variably on Wajid or Precambrian rocks and is overlain by limestone of the middle Upper Jurassic Amran Formation.</p>\n<p>Except for shallow marine sandstone of problematic Cretaceous age deposited on the Amran Formation in the south.western shield and on Precambrian rocks in the northwestern shield, the younger beds on the shield are Paleocene and younger, with the possibility that the lowermost are upper Maestrichtian. The early Tertiary beds contain vertebrate fossils of coastal marine or estuarine environment 250 km east of the Red Sea in the central shield. Marginal marine sediments were deposited in a western tongue of the latest Tethys Sea as late as Eocene on the western shield and at least as far south as Jiddah.</p>\n<p>The great harrats of flood basalt erupted on th~ western shield during late Oligocene and early Miocene at the same time a 2,000-kmlong continental rift valley developed along the future Red Sea axis. Within this rift valley, Baid freshwater tuffaceous lakebeds were deposited between mafic and silicic volcanoes. During late early Miocene time, the Red Sea opened at a rate of 4.4 cm/yr in a firststage movement while continental dikes and swarms of oceanic tholeiitic dikes, gabbro, and granophyre plutonic rocks were intruded into the rift sedimentary and volcanic rocks at the newly formed continental margin. The continental margin was deformed and greatly extended at this time. About 14 or 15 m.y., as the first-stage spreading stopped, the Red Sea Escarpment rose; its erosion caused deposition of coarse conglomerate of the Bathan Formation. About 3,000 m of evaporite was deposited on the young Red Sea oceanic crust during the late Miocene desiccation crisis.</p>\n<p>A second stage of sea-floor spreading about 4-5 m.y. produced the Red Sea axial trough, consisting of oceanic crust, as well as renewed uplift and tilting of the three tectonic provinces in response to compression from counterclockwise rotation against the Dead Sea Rift. This late movement caused widespread major stream capture, especially along the wadis that formerly drained southwesterly or northwesterly, the channels turning westward through narrow gorges to the coastal plain and the Red Sea.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp560A","usgsCitation":"Brown, G., Schmidt, D., and Huffman, A.C., 1989, Geology of the Arabian Peninsula; shield area of western Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 560, Report: x, 189 p.; Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp560A.","productDescription":"Report: x, 189 p.; Maps","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113234,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0560a/plate-1_north.pdf","size":"11953","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113233,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0560a/report.pdf","size":"40789","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113235,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0560a/plate-1_south.pdf","size":"16462","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113236,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0560a/plate-2_north.pdf","size":"5499","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113237,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0560a/plate-2_south.pdf","size":"4466","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113238,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0560a/plate-3.pdf","size":"7642","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113239,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0560a/plate-4.pdf","size":"2853","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0560a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              34.7607421875,\n              29.611670115197406\n            ],\n            [\n              38.67187499999999,\n              31.690781806136822\n            ],\n            [\n              47.98828124999999,\n              23.1201536216956\n            ],\n            [\n              45.3515625,\n              17.518344187852218\n            ],\n            [\n              42.2314453125,\n              16.214674588248556\n            ],\n            [\n              34.365234375,\n              28.14950321154457\n            ],\n            [\n              34.7607421875,\n              29.611670115197406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68344f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Glen F.","contributorId":51711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Glen F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Dwight L.","contributorId":69568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Dwight L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, A. Curtis Jr.","contributorId":50191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":56273,"text":"wdrWA881 - 1989 - Water resources data, Washington, water year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T21:17:13.291619","indexId":"wdrWA881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WA-88-1","title":"Water resources data, Washington, water year 1988","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data for the 1988 water year for Washington consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of wells. This report contains discharge records for 202 gaging stations; stage only records for 6 gaging stations; stage and (or) contents for 38 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 28 streamflow-gaging stations, and 9 ungaged streamsites; water levels for 77 observation wells; and water quality for 1 observation well. Also included are data for 13 crest-stage partial-record stations and 112 partial-record or miscellaneous streamflow stations. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 4a, 4b, 5, 6a, 6b, 35a, and 35b. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Washington.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrWA881","usgsCitation":"Miles, M., Wiggins, W., Ruppert, G., Blazs, R., Reed, L., and Hubbard, L., 1989, Water resources data, Washington, water year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WA-88-1, xvi, 471 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWA881.","productDescription":"xvi, 471 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/wa-88-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413974,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/wa-88-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":18640,"text":"ofr89231 - 1989 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in South Dakota; fiscal years 1987-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr89231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-231","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in South Dakota; fiscal years 1987-88","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies can be purchased from Books and Open-File Reports, Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89231","usgsCitation":"Decker, E.M., 1989, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in South Dakota; fiscal years 1987-88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-231, iv, 76 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89231.","productDescription":"iv, 76 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47980,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Decker, E. M. (compiler)","contributorId":40228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"E.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13683,"text":"ofr8845 - 1989 - Retrospective report on bottom-sediment studies; NAWQA surface water study, Yakima River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr8845","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-45","title":"Retrospective report on bottom-sediment studies; NAWQA surface water study, Yakima River Basin, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8845","usgsCitation":"Fries, T.L., and Ryder, J.L., 1989, Retrospective report on bottom-sediment studies; NAWQA surface water study, Yakima River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-45, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8845.","productDescription":"21 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6042f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fries, T. L.","contributorId":12053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, J. L.","contributorId":30997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18018,"text":"ofr88341 - 1989 - Summary of public water-supply withdrawals and geohydrologic data for the lower Connecticut River valley from Windsor to Vernon, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T20:52:37.673584","indexId":"ofr88341","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-341","title":"Summary of public water-supply withdrawals and geohydrologic data for the lower Connecticut River valley from Windsor to Vernon, Vermont","docAbstract":"Public water supply withdrawal data and geohydrologic data were collected along a 50 mile segment of the Connecticut River valley from Windsor to Vernon, Vermont. An inventory of wells indicates that domestic groundwater supplies come primarily from bedrock, whereas public water supplies are derived from discontinuous, glacial sand and gravel deposits.  Self supplied industries generally use surface water supplies. Data from eight seismic-refraction surveys, and from a seismic-reflection survey along this 50-mile reach of the Connecticut River, were compared with stratigraphic information from 217 drillers ' logs. Stratified-drift deposits range from 0 to 270 ft and average about 65 ft. Stratigraphic information from drillers ' logs and seismic-reflection records show that predominantly fine-grained stratified drift fills the valley and that coarse sand and gravel deposits exist discontinuously within this area. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88341","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., 1989, Summary of public water-supply withdrawals and geohydrologic data for the lower Connecticut River valley from Windsor to Vernon, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-341, Report; iv, 35 p.; 1 Plate: 34.28 × 29.07 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88341.","productDescription":"Report; iv, 35 p.; 1 Plate: 34.28 × 29.07 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403561,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17414.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":47265,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0341/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47264,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0341/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0341/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"lower Connecticut River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.594,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.375,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.375,\n              42.721\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.594,\n              42.721\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.594,\n              43.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph","contributorId":107305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22497,"text":"ofr8944 - 1989 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12701,"text":"ofr87469 - 1987 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr87469","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":22497,"text":"ofr8944 - 1989 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr8944","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":22497,"text":"ofr8944 - 1989 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr8944","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":18169,"text":"ofr90141 - 1990 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr90141","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"id":2}],"supersededBy":{"id":18169,"text":"ofr90141 - 1990 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr90141","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr8944","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-44","title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8944","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Blackwell, C.D., 1989, Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-44, x, 81 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8944.","productDescription":"x, 81 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwell, Cassandra D.","contributorId":25562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwell","given":"Cassandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12725,"text":"ofr89411 - 1989 - Senegal River Valley Ground-Water Monitoring Project; summary report on piezometer evaluation, February-March 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr89411","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-411","title":"Senegal River Valley Ground-Water Monitoring Project; summary report on piezometer evaluation, February-March 1989","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr89411","usgsCitation":"Bolke, E., and Stephens, J., 1989, Senegal River Valley Ground-Water Monitoring Project; summary report on piezometer evaluation, February-March 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-411, iii, 11 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89411.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0411/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41135,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0411/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a1d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, J.C.","contributorId":74010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16079,"text":"ofr86140 - 1989 - Water quality data for precipitation and storm runoff in Pennypack Creek Basin, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T08:47:13","indexId":"ofr86140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-140","title":"Water quality data for precipitation and storm runoff in Pennypack Creek Basin, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This report presents data on the chemistry of precipitation and storm runoff that were collected during 29 storms from July 1979 through November 1980, in an urban environment in the Pennypack Creek basin, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Daily mean and instantaneous stream discharge data were collected at two U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations. Water-quality data collected from these sites and from one storm-sewer sampling site included nutrients, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands, solids, metals, major anions, other constituents, and pH. Instantaneous loads of selected constituents were computed.\r\n\r\n      Chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, sulfate, alkalinity, chloride, and dissolved solids generally were low in precipitation and runoff. During the November 5, 1980 storm at Pine Road, dissolved nitrate concentrations equaled or exceeded 10 milligrams per liter in 17 percent of the samples analyzed and dissolved ammonia nitrogen concentrations exceeded 2.5 milligrams per liter. Generally, a comparison of median concentration of copper, lead, or zinc in precipitation and runoff at the Tustin Street storm-sewer site showed that median concentrations in precipitation were greater than those in runoff.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86140","usgsCitation":"Speight, D., 1989, Water quality data for precipitation and storm runoff in Pennypack Creek Basin, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-140, iv, 34 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86140.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":45011,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speight, D.W.","contributorId":71563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speight","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16240,"text":"ofr88453 - 1989 - Data on ground-water quality, Carson Valley and Topaz Lake areas, Douglas County, Nevada, for year ending September 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:05","indexId":"ofr88453","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-453","title":"Data on ground-water quality, Carson Valley and Topaz Lake areas, Douglas County, Nevada, for year ending September 1986","docAbstract":"Douglas County, Nevada encompasses 708 sq mi and has been one of the fastest growing counties in the Nation, according to the 1980 census. This rapid population growth has led to concern about the present and future impacts of development upon the groundwater. A network of 33 wells was recently established (1985) in the Carson Valley and Topaz Lake areas of Douglas County to characterize the current groundwater quality and its seasonal variability and to monitor temporal responses to changing land-use activities. This report presents data collected from that network during November 1985 through September 1986. The primary drinking water standard was exceeded for fluoride at two domestic wells, for nitrate-nitrogen at one domestic well, and for arsenic in one non-domestic shallow monitoring well. Secondary drinking water standards were exceeded as follows: pH at one public-supply well and one domestic well; sulfate at one shallow monitoring well; and manganese at three shallow monitoring wells and one public-supply well. Concentrations of unidentified organic compounds were estimated by gas chromatograph and flame ionization detector for groundwater samples collected from 30 network wells. Seven wells (2 domestic and 5 non-domestic) had concentrations greater than 10 micrograms/L relative to the internal standard compound perdeuteronaphthalene. (Thacker-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies of this report may be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88453","usgsCitation":"Thodal, C.E., 1989, Data on ground-water quality, Carson Valley and Topaz Lake areas, Douglas County, Nevada, for year ending September 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-453, v, 55 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88453.","productDescription":"v, 55 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0453/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45162,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0453/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thodal, Carl E. 0000-0003-0782-3280 cethodal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-3280","contributorId":2292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"Carl","email":"cethodal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":172473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12449,"text":"ofr89267 - 1989 - Effects of controlled agricultural practices on water quality in the Minnesota sand-plain aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:22:49","indexId":"ofr89267","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-267","title":"Effects of controlled agricultural practices on water quality in the Minnesota sand-plain aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>Recent studies of Minnesota's sand plains indicate that ground-water chemistry is related to agricultural practices. Surficial sand-plain aquifers cover 8,000,000 acres of Minnesota and are a major source of water for domestic use, irrigation, and some municipal systems. The sand-plain aquifers consist of sand and gravel deposits that are from 20 to greater than 100 feet thick and are covered by a thin sandy loam that generally is less than 2 feet thick. Sand-plain aquifers are recharged by the downward percolation of precipitation through the soil root zone and the unsaturated zone in the sand to the water table. The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation and forms the top of the sand-plain aquifer. Sand-plain aquifers are susceptible to contamination by agricultural chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides), if downward-percolating recharge water contains these chemicals. The concentrations of nitrate, pesticides, and some other chemical constituents fluctuate seasonally and differ with depth below the water table (Anderson, 1989). Despite the availability of water-quality data for about 260 wells that were collected during previous studies in three U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) project areas in Minnesota, it is not known how concentrations of agricultural chemicals in ground water relate to the rate and timing of fertilizer and pesticide application or to the tillage practices used. Field-scale research is needed to determine the effects of different farming practices on the concentrations of nitrate, pesticides, and other agricultural chemicals in ground water in the unsaturated and saturated zones.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr89267","usgsCitation":"Anderson, H.W., and Stoner, J., 1989, Effects of controlled agricultural practices on water quality in the Minnesota sand-plain aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-267, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89267.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0267/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40706,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rosholt Research Farm","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.17054796218872,\n              45.71503454736602\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.1705265045166,\n              45.71254742425641\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.18084764480591,\n              45.70884650005261\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.1809549331665,\n              45.71510945899554\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.17054796218872,\n              45.71503454736602\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, H. W. Jr.","contributorId":11187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16139,"text":"ofr89269 - 1989 - Alaska index; streamflow, lake levels, and water-quality records to September 30, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr89269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-269","title":"Alaska index; streamflow, lake levels, and water-quality records to September 30, 1988","docAbstract":"Streamflow, lake levels, and water quality data are compiled for stations in the southeast, south-central, southwest, Yukon basin , northwest, and Arctic Slope subregions of Alaska. The report includes a map of each hydrologic subregion and tables listing types of data collected and periods of records. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies available from Books and Open-File Reports,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89269","usgsCitation":"Still, P.J., and Cosby, J.M., 1989, Alaska index; streamflow, lake levels, and water-quality records to September 30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-269, iv, 189 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89269.","productDescription":"iv, 189 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45058,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c1e4b07f02db53c54c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Still, Patsy J.","contributorId":27077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Still","given":"Patsy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cosby, Jennie M.","contributorId":64674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosby","given":"Jennie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58066,"text":"wdrCO882 - 1989 - Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1988; Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:13","indexId":"wdrCO882","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-88-2","title":"Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1988; Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO882","usgsCitation":"Ugland, R., Cochran, B., Kretschman, R., Wilson, E., and Bennett, J., 1989, Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1988; Volume 2. Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-88-2, 382 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO882.","productDescription":"382 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/co-88-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/co-88-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ugland, R.C.","contributorId":14044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ugland","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, B.J.","contributorId":75999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kretschman, R.G.","contributorId":75623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kretschman","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, E.A.","contributorId":92334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, J.D.","contributorId":97188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":12180,"text":"ofr88373 - 1989 - National assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources, USGS-MMS working paper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T10:36:54","indexId":"ofr88373","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-373","title":"National assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources, USGS-MMS working paper","docAbstract":"<p>In 1981, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published the results of a 1980 national assessment of undiscovered oil and natural gas resources for the United States, including the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). The publication, USGS Circular 860, was entitled \"Estimates of Undiscovered Recoverable Conventional Resources of Oil and Gas in the United States\" (hereafter referred to as Circular 860). The assessment provided an update to the previous USGS estimates for the Nation (published in 1975 as Circular 725).<br></p><p>In 1982, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) was formed from a portion of USGS and other Department of the Interior (DOI) organizations for resource management of Federal offshore areas and for management of revenues collected from onshore and offshore Federal mineral leases. The HMS published estimates of undiscovered oil and natural gas resources for the OCS in 1985 in a report entitled \"Estimates of Undiscovered, Economically Recoverable Oil and Gas Resources for the Outer Continental Shelf as of July 1984\" (OCS Report MMS 85-0012).<br></p><p>The agencies, both part of DOI, agreed in 1985 to conduct a cooperative assessment of the entire United States to estimate undiscovered oil and natural gas based upon a common date. These working papers provide estimates for the onshore and offshore geologic provinces of the Nation and summarize the methodologies, assumptions, and data utilized in the development of those estimates. (Figs. 1.5 and 1.6 are index maps showing the geologic provinces.) The methodologies, assumptions, and data differ from those used in the previous assessments, thereby making direct comparisons between estimates of this and previous assessments difficult to interpret. Therefore, these working papers have been prepared as a means of eliciting comments from peer scientific, academic, and industry experts in the estimation of oil and natural gas resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Minerals Management Service","doi":"10.3133/ofr88373","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Minerals Management Service, 1989, National assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources, USGS-MMS working paper: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-373, xvii, 511 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88373.","productDescription":"xvii, 511 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0373/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":339179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0373/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"103.97 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6984d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minerals Management Service","contributorId":128248,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Minerals Management Service","id":528921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54330,"text":"wdrIL881 - 1989 - Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1988, Vol. 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:51","indexId":"wdrIL881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IL-88-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1988, Vol. 1","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrIL881","usgsCitation":"Stahl, R., Coupe, R., Richards, T., and Hayes, P., 1989, Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1988, Vol. 1: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IL-88-1, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIL881.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahl, R.L.","contributorId":35798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, T.E.","contributorId":64718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, P.D.","contributorId":52644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":12684,"text":"ofr88711 - 1989 - Water supply and demand in Sedgwick County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr88711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-711","title":"Water supply and demand in Sedgwick County, Kansas","docAbstract":"Water supplies in Sedgwick County, Kansas, are derived from surface--and groundwater resources. During 1985, public supply, irrigation, and self-supplied industry required 38% of the 56 ,500 acre-ft of appropriated surface water and 57% of the 187 ,800 acre-ft of appropriated groundwater. If the historic (1920-80) annual population growth rate (2.8%) continues, the 126,100 acre ft of water appropriated for public-water supplies should meet demand until 2015. The quantity of potentially available water supplies was estimated by summing those resources having less than 1.00 mg/L dissolved solids. Surface water resources that meet this criterion are the Little Arkansas and Ninnescah Rivers and Cheney Reservoir. Subtracting legislated minimum streamflows for the rivers from their mean annual streamflow volumes leaves 532,000 acre-ft, which combined with the annual sustained yield of Cheney Reservoir (40,000 acre-ft) provides an estimated 572,000 acre-ft of surface water annually. Groundwater that meets the criterion was estimated by summing the annual precipitation recharge available to unconsolidated deposits in the county (78,400 acre-ft) and in the Harvey County part of the Wichita well field (13,000 acre-ft). Although more groundwater is available, withdrawals exceeding annual precipitation recharge would cause water level declines. Because less than 4% of the potentially available surface water was used for supplies in 1985 and because about 120% of the groundwater recharge was used, surface water resources have a greater potential for meeting future water use demands. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88711","usgsCitation":"Bevans, H.E., 1989, Water supply and demand in Sedgwick County, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-711, 2 p. 1 map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88711.","productDescription":"2 p. 1 map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":972,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/fact-sheets/ofr.88-711.bevans.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":145718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0711/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41094,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0711/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e33df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bevans, Hugh E.","contributorId":11589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevans","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57474,"text":"wdrNC881 - 1989 - Water resources data for North Carolina, water year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T20:59:29.100065","indexId":"wdrNC881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NC-88-1","title":"Water resources data for North Carolina, water year 1988","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNC881","usgsCitation":"Ragland, B., Garrett, R.G., Barker, R., Eddins, W., and Rinehardt, J., 1989, Water resources data for North Carolina, water year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NC-88-1, ix, 418 p., 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,{"id":7,"text":"wsp2358 - 1989 - Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids in the upper Colorado River Basin, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":39640,"text":"ofr87568 - 1988 - Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids in the upper Colorado River Basin, Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming","indexId":"ofr87568","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids in the upper Colorado River Basin, Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":7,"text":"wsp2358 - 1989 - Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids in the upper Colorado River Basin, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming","indexId":"wsp2358","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids in the upper Colorado River Basin, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2358","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2358","title":"Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids in the upper Colorado River Basin, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"Annual and monthly concentrations and loads of dissolved solids and major constituents were estimated for 70 streamflow-gaging stations in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Trends in streamflow, dissolved-solids concentrations, and dissolved-solids loads were identified. Nonparametric trend-analysis techniques were used to determine step trends resulting from human activities upstream and long-term monotonic trends. Results were compared with physical characteristics of the basin and historical water-resource development in the basin to determine source areas of dissolved solids and possible cause of trends. \r\n\r\nMean annual dissolved-solids concentration increases from less than 100 milligrams per liter in the headwater streams to more than 500 milligrams per liter in the outflow from the Upper Colorado River Basin. All the major tributaries that have high concentrations of dissolved solids are downstream from extensive areas of irrigated agriculture. However, irrigation predated the period of record for most sites and was not a factor in many identified trends. Significant annual trends were identified for 30 sites. Most of these trends were related to transbasin exports, changes in land use, salinity-control practices, or reservoir development. The primary factor affecting streamflow and dissolved-solids concentration and load has been the construction of large reservoirs. Reservoirs have decreased the seasonal and annual variability of streamflow and dissolved solids in streams that drain the Gunnison and San Juan River basins. Fontenelle and Flaming Gorge Reservoirs have increased the dissolved-solids load in the Green River because of dissolution of mineral salts from the bank material. The largest trends occurred downstream from Lake Powell. However, the period of record since the completion of filling was too short to estimate the long-term effects of that reservoir.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nBooks and Open- File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wsp2358","usgsCitation":"Liebermann, T.D., Mueller, D.K., Kircher, J.E., and Choquette, A.F., 1989, Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids in the upper Colorado River Basin, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2358, vi, 64 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2358.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2358/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24600,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2358/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df6bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liebermann, Timothy D.","contributorId":42188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebermann","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":141806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kircher, James E. jkircher@usgs.gov","contributorId":248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"James","email":"jkircher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":141804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choquette, Anne F. achoq@usgs.gov","contributorId":1225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choquette","given":"Anne","email":"achoq@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":141805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":14612,"text":"ofr89235 - 1989 - Texture and depositional history of near-surface alluvial deposits in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T10:46:17","indexId":"ofr89235","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-235","title":"Texture and depositional history of near-surface alluvial deposits in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>Saline conditions and associated high levels of selenium and other soluble trace elements in soil, shallow ground water, and agricultural drain water of the western San Joaquin Valley, California, have prompted a study of the texture of near-surface alluvial deposits in the central part of the western valley. Texture is characterized by the percentage of coarse-grained sediment present within a specified subsurface depth interval and is used as a basis for mapping the upper 50 feet of deposits. Resulting quantitative descriptions of the deposits are used to interpret the late Quaternary history of the area.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Three hydrogeologic units--Coast Range alluvium, flood-basin deposits, and Sierran sand--can be recognized in the upper 50 feet of deposits in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley. The upper 30 feet of Coast Range alluvium and the adjacent 5 to 35 feet of flood-basin deposits are predominantly fine grained. These fine-grained Coast Range deposits are underlain by coarse-grained channel deposits. The fine-grained flood basin deposits are underlain by coarse-grained Sierran sand. The extent and orientation of channel deposits below 20 feet in the Coast Range alluvium indicate that streams draining the Coast Range may have been tributary to the axial stream that deposited the Sierran sand and that streamflow may have been to the southeast.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The fining-upward stratigraphic sequence in the upper 50 feet of deposits and the headward retreat of tributary stream channels from the valley trough with time support a recent hypothesis of climatic control of alluviation in the western San Joaquin Valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Joaquin Valley Drainage Program","usgsCitation":"Laudon, J., and Belitz, K., 1989, Texture and depositional history of near-surface alluvial deposits in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-235, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89235.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289876,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0235/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.25,36.25 ], [ -121.25,37.25 ], [ -119.75,37.25 ], [ -119.75,36.25 ], [ -121.25,36.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laudon, Julie","contributorId":68320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laudon","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":169737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":49411,"text":"ofr89400J - 1989 - New information resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Library System, October 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"ofr89400J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-400","chapter":"J","title":"New information resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Library System, October 1989","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr89400J","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989, New information resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Library System, October 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-400, 52 p. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89400J.","productDescription":"52 p. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0400j/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0400j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25923,"text":"wri874040 - 1989 - Effects of agriculture on quality of water in surficial sand-plain aquifers in Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns counties, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:14:16","indexId":"wri874040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4040","title":"Effects of agriculture on quality of water in surficial sand-plain aquifers in Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns counties, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The 245 water samples collected from 56 wells at 45 sites in surficial sand-plain aquifers that underlie 600 square miles of Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns Counties in west-central Minnesota contained wide ranges in concentrations of some constituents--sulfate 2 to 160 mg/L (milligrams per liter), chloride 1.6 to 64 mg/L, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen &lt; (less than) 0.1 to 72 mg/L, ammonia &lt;0.01 to 3.3 mg/L , iron &lt;0.003 to 8.6 mg/L, and managanese &lt;0.001 to 1.5 mg/L . Substantial fluctuations in these constituents over time were observed. Nitrate concentrations exceeded the Minnesota drinking-water standard of 10 mg/L (as N) in 50 percent of the wells sampled.</p>\n<p>Differences in concentrations of nitrate with depth below the water table were observed at 11 paired-well sites where one well was screened near the water table and another well was screened 10 or more feet below the water table. Similar differences in concentration with depth were observed in specific conductance, iron, chloride, and sulfate, but not as consistently. At eight sites, nitrate concentrations were higher at the water table (4.3 to 72 mg/L) than deeper in the aquifer (&lt;0.1 to 27 mg/L). At the other three sites, nitrate concentrations were greater at depth than at the water table, although the contrast in concentrations was not as large. Increased concentration at depth is attributed to vertical mixing at the three sites, possibly caused by rapid infiltration of more dilute water from ephemeral ponds following storms. The more dilute water displaces the high-nitrate water to greater depth.</p>\n<p>Nitrate concentrations fluctuated seasonally in response to the combined effects of precipitation and agricultural practices (irrigation and fertilization). Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in one Stearns County well fluctuated from 35 mg/L in August 1982, to 72 mg/L in May 1983, to 18 mg/L in May 1984. In 12 wells for which historical data were available, the mean nitrate concentration during this study (1982-84) was greater than the mean concentration during previous studies (1965-78), although the amount of increase in nitrate concentrations observed over the previous 10 or more years was not as great as the seasonal fluctuations observed during this study. Short-term seasonal fluctuations are greater than apparent historical increases in nitrate concentration.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of sulfate, chloride, and, especially, nitrate were significantly higher in irrigated areas than in uncultivated areas. Mean nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations were 4.3 mg/L in uncultivated (natural) areas relatively unaffected by agriculture, 5.4 mg/L in nonirrigated cultivated areas, and 17 mg/L in irrigated cultivated areas. The mean nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentration in uncultivated areas was greater than the usually observed background levels of less than 1 mg/L (as nitrogen), which may indicate that areas thought to be natural actually are affected by agricultural land use. Several statistical tests indicate that nitrate concentrations are significantly higher in irrigated cultivated areas than in nonirrigated cultivated areas. The difference in nitrate concentrations between irrigated and nonirrigated areas suggests that nitrate from agricultural fertilizer is being leached during heavy rainfall or irrigation periods as a result of higher concentrations of nitrogen being maintained in the soil to enhance yields of corn and potatoes.</p>\n<p>Four of eight wells sampled for herbicides in west-central Minnesota had detectable concentrations of the triazine herbicide atrazine that ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 micrograms per liter. These concentrations were well below the water-quality guidelines published by the Canadian Inland Waters Directorate, Water Quality Branch, which specify 100 micrograms per liter as the maximum permissible concentration for the group of triazine herbicides in a raw drinking-water supply.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri874040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns Counties, and the Wesmin Resource Conservation and Development Association","usgsCitation":"Anderson, H.W., 1989, Effects of agriculture on quality of water in surficial sand-plain aquifers in Douglas, Kandiyohi, Pope, and Stearns counties, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4040, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874040.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54681,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4040/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Douglas County, Kandiyohi County, Pope County, Stearns 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H. W. Jr.","contributorId":11187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20239,"text":"ofr8949 - 1989 - Biannual water-resources review, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, 1986 and 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:35","indexId":"ofr8949","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-49","title":"Biannual water-resources review, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, 1986 and 1987","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were collected at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico in 1986 and 1987. The total groundwater withdrawal in 1986 was 565,462,500 gal and in 1987 it was 620,492,000 gal. The total groundwater withdrawal was 110,971,300 gal less in 1986 than in 1985, but 55,029,500 gal more in 1987 than in 1986. Water samples from five Post Headquarters water supply wells were collected for chemical analysis in 1986. In 1987, water samples were collected from four test wells in the Post Headquarters area for analysis of selected volatile organic compounds. Twenty-eight water samples from wells were collected for analysis of specific conductance in 1986 and 1987. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies of this report can be purchased from Books and Open-File Reports, Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8949","usgsCitation":"Myers, R.G., and Sharp, S.C., 1989, Biannual water-resources review, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, 1986 and 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-49, iv, 36 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8949.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49780,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62985d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Robert G.","contributorId":99170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, Steven C.","contributorId":89917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57540,"text":"wdrAZ871 - 1989 - Water resources data for Arizona, water year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-11T14:28:23.673486","indexId":"wdrAZ871","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AZ-87-1","title":"Water resources data for Arizona, water year 1987","docAbstract":"<p>Water discharge data for the 1987 water year for Arizona consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; water levels of observation wells; and quality of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 168 gaging stations, annual peaks for 22 crest-stage partial-record stations, and discharge measurements at 8 miscellaneous sites; contents only records for 9 lakes and reservoirs; stage and contents for 1 lake; elevation only for 1 streamflow station; 20 supplementary records, included with gaging-station records, consisting of monthend or monthly stage, contents, and evaporation of lakes and reservoirs, diversions, and return flows; water-quality records for 41 continous-record stations and 6 miscellaneous sites; water levels for 1,007 observation wells; and water-quality data for water from 261 wells. The data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal and State Agencies in Arizona.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrAZ871","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Arizona and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.P., and Garrett, W.B., 1989, Water resources data for Arizona, water year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AZ-87-1, xi, 385 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAZ871.","productDescription":"xi, 385 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":481884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/az-87-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":28280,"text":"wri884031 - 1989 - Water-resources appraisal of the Lake Traverse Indian Reservation in South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri884031","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4031","title":"Water-resources appraisal of the Lake Traverse Indian Reservation in South Dakota","docAbstract":"The water resources within the Lake Traverse Indian Reservation consist of streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwater stored in alluvium and glacial outwash deposits. Streamflow may cease during dry periods and during the winter. Lakes and ponds within the reservation are found predominantly within an internally drained basin. Dissolved-solids concentrations in the lakes generally range from 500 to 10,000 mg/L. Dissolved-solids concentrations in the streams generally ranging from 500 to 1 ,000 mg/L. However, nutrient concentrations tend to be larger than natural background levels in both lakes and streams and indicate unidentified sources of nutrients that effect the quality of water. Major development of surface-water resources is hindered by the lack of storage capacity within the numerous lakes, the lack of sustained streamflow, and the lack of suitable sites for construction or reservoirs. Water within the Coteau des Prairies, a glacial upland, occurs in outwash deposits. The sand and gravel deposits in the Coteau may be as thick as 70 ft. The quality of water from these aquifers generally is suitable for most uses, with calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate the dominant ions. Water in sand and gravel deposits within the Red River and Minnesota River lowlands tends to have larger concentrations of dissolved solids than the sand and gravel deposits in the Coteau des Prairies. The quality of water in these deposits tends to be more mineralized than water in the sand and gravel deposits in the Coteau des Prairies. The regional flow of groundwater generally is to the east towards the Minnesota and Red River basins and west in the Coteau des Prairies. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884031","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, S., 1989, Water-resources appraisal of the Lake Traverse Indian Reservation in South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4031, v, 42 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884031.","productDescription":"v, 42 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4031/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57100,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e6e4b07f02db4bbbcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, S.J.","contributorId":67922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":43096,"text":"ofr8951 - 1989 - Ground-water data from selected sites, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-30T22:39:16.931785","indexId":"ofr8951","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-51","title":"Ground-water data from selected sites, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8951","usgsCitation":"Parliman, D., and Young, H., 1989, Ground-water data from selected sites, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-51, 1 Plate: 37.72 × 25.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8951.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.72 × 25.04 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392275,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17566.htm"},{"id":80908,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0051/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.02783203125,\n              43.56447158721811\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.401611328125,\n              43.56447158721811\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.401611328125,\n              44.134913443750726\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.02783203125,\n              44.134913443750726\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.02783203125,\n              43.56447158721811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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