Nanoparticulate metal sulfides such as ZnS can influence the transport and bioavailability of pollutant metals in anaerobic environments. The aim of this work was to investigate how the composition of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) influences the stability of zinc sulfide nanoparticles as they nucleate and aggregate in water with dissolved NOM. We compared NOM fractions that were isolated from several surface waters and represented a range of characteristics including molecular weight, type of carbon, and ligand density. Dynamic light scattering was employed to monitor the growth and aggregation of Zn−S−NOM nanoparticles in supersaturated solutions containing dissolved aquatic humic substances. The NOM was observed to reduce particle growth rates, depending on solution variables such as type and concentration of NOM, monovalent electrolyte concentration, and pH. The rates of growth increased with increasing ionic strength, indicating that observed growth rates primarily represented aggregation of charged Zn−S−NOM particles. Furthermore, the observed rates decreased with increasing molecular weight and aromatic content of the NOM fractions, while carboxylate and reduced sulfur content had little effect. Differences between NOM were likely due to properties that increased electrosteric hindrances for aggregation. Overall, results of this study suggest that the composition and source of NOM are key factors that contribute to the stabilization and persistence of zinc sulfide nanoparticles in the aquatic environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es1029798","usgsCitation":"Deonarine, A., Lau, B., Aiken, G.R., Ryan, J.N., and Hsu-Kim, H., 2011, Effects of humic substances on precipitation and aggregation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3217-3223, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1029798.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3217","endPage":"3223","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071be4b0c8380cd5156d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deonarine, Amrika adeonarine@usgs.gov","contributorId":5072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deonarine","given":"Amrika","email":"adeonarine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lau, Boris","contributorId":62287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lau","given":"Boris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hsu-Kim, Heileen","contributorId":49041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu-Kim","given":"Heileen","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034388,"text":"70034388 - 2011 - Phytoscreening for chlorinated solvents using rapid in vitro SPME sampling: Application to urban plume in Verl, Germany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T18:19:49.386373","indexId":"70034388","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoscreening for chlorinated solvents using rapid in vitro SPME sampling: Application to urban plume in Verl, Germany","docAbstract":"Rapid detection and delineation of contaminants in urban settings is critically important in protecting human health. Cores from trees growing above a plume of contaminated groundwater in Verl, Germany, were collected in 1 day, with subsequent analysis and plume mapping completed over several days. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) analysis was applied to detect tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) to below nanogram/liter levels in the transpiration stream of the trees. The tree core concentrations showed a clear areal correlation to the distribution of PCE and TCE in the groundwater. Concentrations in tree cores were lower than the underlying groundwater, as anticipated; however, the tree core water retained the PCE:TCE signature of the underlying groundwater in the urban, populated area. The PCE:TCE ratio can indicate areas of differing degradation activity. Therefore, the phytoscreening analysis was capable not only of mapping the spatial distribution of groundwater contamination but also of delineating zones of potentially differing contaminant sources and degradation. The simplicity of tree coring and the ability to collect a large number of samples in a day with minimal disruption or property damage in the urban setting demonstrates that phytoscreening can be a powerful tool for gaining reconnaissance-level information on groundwater contaminated by chlorinated solvents. The use of SPME decreases the detection level considerably and increases the sensitivity of phytoscreening as an assessment, monitoring, and phytoforensic tool. With rapid, inexpensive, and noninvasive methods of detecting and delineating contaminants underlying homes, as in this case, human health can be better protected through screening of broader areas and with far faster response times.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es201704v","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Limmer, M., Balouet, J., Karg, F., Vroblesky, D., and Burken, J., 2011, Phytoscreening for chlorinated solvents using rapid in vitro SPME sampling: Application to urban plume in Verl, Germany: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 19, p. 8276-8282, https://doi.org/10.1021/es201704v.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8276","endPage":"8282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216828,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es201704v"}],"country":"Germany","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[9.92191,54.9831],[9.93958,54.59664],[10.95011,54.36361],[10.93947,54.00869],[11.95625,54.19649],[12.51844,54.47037],[13.64747,54.07551],[14.11969,53.75703],[14.35332,53.24817],[14.07452,52.98126],[14.4376,52.62485],[14.68503,52.08995],[14.6071,51.74519],[15.017,51.10667],[14.57072,51.00234],[14.30701,51.11727],[14.05623,50.92692],[13.33813,50.73323],[12.96684,50.48408],[12.24011,50.26634],[12.41519,49.96912],[12.52102,49.54742],[13.03133,49.30707],[13.59595,48.87717],[13.24336,48.41611],[12.8841,48.28915],[13.02585,47.63758],[12.93263,47.46765],[12.62076,47.67239],[12.14136,47.70308],[11.42641,47.52377],[10.5445,47.5664],[10.40208,47.30249],[9.89607,47.5802],[9.59423,47.52506],[8.52261,47.83083],[8.3173,47.61358],[7.46676,47.62058],[7.59368,48.33302],[8.09928,49.01778],[6.65823,49.20196],[6.18632,49.4638],[6.24275,49.90223],[6.04307,50.12805],[6.15666,50.80372],[5.98866,51.85162],[6.5894,51.85203],[6.84287,52.22844],[7.09205,53.14404],[6.90514,53.48216],[7.10042,53.69393],[7.93624,53.7483],[8.12171,53.52779],[8.80073,54.02079],[8.57212,54.39565],[8.52623,54.96274],[9.28205,54.83087],[9.92191,54.9831]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Germany\"}}]}","volume":"45","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b3ee4b0c8380cd79332","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Limmer, M.A.","contributorId":71032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limmer","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balouet, J.-C.","contributorId":84597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balouet","given":"J.-C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karg, F.","contributorId":16678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karg","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burken, J.G.","contributorId":30810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burken","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034387,"text":"70034387 - 2011 - Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T11:58:11.754448","indexId":"70034387","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen-isotope trends and seawater temperature changes across the Late Cambrian Steptoean positive carbon-isotope excursion (SPICE event)","docAbstract":"The globally recognized Late Cambrian Steptoean positive C-isotope excursion (SPICE) is characterized by a 3‰–5‰ positive δ13C shift spanning <4 m.y. Existing hypotheses suggest that the SPICE represents a widespread ocean anoxic event leading to enhanced burial/preservation of organic matter (Corg) and pyrite. We analyzed δ18O values of apatitic inarticulate brachiopods from three Upper Cambrian successions across Laurentia to evaluate paleotemperatures during the SPICE. δ18O values range from ∼12.5‰ to 16.5‰. Estimated seawater temperatures associated with the SPICE are unreasonably warm, suggesting that the brachiopod δ18O values were altered during early diagenesis. Despite this, all three localities show similar trends with respect to the SPICE δ13C curve, suggesting that the brachiopod apatite preserves a record of relative δ18O and temperature changes. The trends include relatively high δ18O values at the onset of the SPICE, decreasing and lowest values during the main event, and an increase in values at the end of the event. The higher δ18O values during the global extinction at the onset of the SPICE suggests seawater cooling and supports earlier hypotheses of upwelling of cool waters onto the shallow shelf. Decreasing and low δ18O values coincident with the rising limb of the SPICE support the hypothesis that seawater warming and associated reduced thermohaline circulation rates contributed to decreased dissolved O2 concentrations, which enhanced the preservation/burial of Corg causing the positive δ13C shift.
The Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris is adapted for life in glacial-marine ecosystems, being concentrated in the belt of glaciated fjords in the northern Gulf of Alaska from Glacier Bay to Cook Inlet. Most of the remaining birds are scattered along coasts of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, where they reside in protected bays and inlets, often in proximity to remnant glaciers or recently deglaciated landscapes. We summarize existing information on Kittlitz's Murrelet in this mainly unglaciated region, extending from Kodiak Island in the east to the Near Islands in the west. From recent surveys, we estimated that ~2400 Kittlitz's Murrelets were found in several large embayments along the Alaska Peninsula, where adjacent ice fields feed silt-laden water into the bays. On Kodiak Island, where only remnants of ice remain today, observations of Kittlitz's Murrelets at sea were uncommon. The species has been observed historically around the entire Kodiak Archipelago, however, and dozens of nest sites were found in recent years. We found Kittlitz's Murrelets at only a few islands in the Aleutian chain, notably those with long complex shorelines, high mountains and remnant glaciers. The largest population (~1600 birds) of Kittlitz's Murrelet outside the Gulf of Alaska was found at Unalaska Island, which also supports the greatest concentration of glacial ice in the Aleutian Islands. Significant populations were found at Atka (~1100 birds), Attu (~800) and Adak (~200) islands. Smaller numbers have been reported from Unimak, Umnak, Amlia, Kanaga, Tanaga, Kiska islands, and Agattu Island, where dozens of nest sites have been located in recent years. Most of those islands have not been thoroughly surveyed, and significant pockets of Kittlitz's Murrelets may yet be discovered. Our estimate of ~6000 Kittlitz's Murrelets along the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands is also likely to be conservative because of the survey protocols we employed (i.e. early seasonal timing of surveys, strip transects).
","language":"English","publisher":"African Seabird Group","usgsCitation":"Madison, E.N., Piatt, J.F., Arimitsu, M.L., Romano, M.D., van Pelt, T.I., Nelson, S.K., Williams, J.C., and DeGange, A.R., 2011, Status and distribution of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak and Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 39, no. 1, p. 111-122.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028350","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -196.171875,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -196.171875,\n 59.489726035537075\n ],\n [\n -153.6328125,\n 59.489726035537075\n ],\n [\n -153.6328125,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -196.171875,\n 48.40003249610685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c62e4b08de9379b376a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madison, Erica N. emadison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"Erica","email":"emadison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, S. Kim","contributorId":86680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kim","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":126882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034386,"text":"70034386 - 2011 - Will an \"island\" population of voles be recolonized if eradicated? Insights from molecular genetic analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T18:36:10.681181","indexId":"70034386","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Will an \"island\" population of voles be recolonized if eradicated? Insights from molecular genetic analyses","docAbstract":"We performed genetic analyses of Microtus longicaudus populations within the Crook Point Unit of the Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge. A M. longicaudus population at Saddle Rock (located approx. 65 m off‐shore from the Crook Point mainland) is suspected to be partially responsible for declines of a Leach's storm‐petrel colony at this important nesting site. Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism markers and mitochondrial DNA, we illustrate that Saddle Rock and Crook Point function as separate island and mainland populations despite their close proximity. In addition to genetic structure, we also observed reduced genetic diversity at Saddle Rock, suggesting that little individual movement occurs between populations. If local resource managers decide to perform an eradication at Saddle Rock, we conclude that immediate recolonization of the island by M. longicaudus would be unlikely. Because M. longicaudus is native to Oregon, we also consider the degree with which the differentiation of Saddle Rock signifies the presence of a unique entity that warrants conservation rather than eradication
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.203","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Haig, S.M., Ledig, D.B., Vander Heyden, M.F., and Bennett, G., 2011, Will an \"island\" population of voles be recolonized if eradicated? Insights from molecular genetic analyses: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 8, p. 1812-1818, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.203.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1812","endPage":"1818","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge.","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.4198226928711,\n 42.2424343809344\n ],\n [\n -124.40042495727538,\n 42.2424343809344\n ],\n [\n -124.40042495727538,\n 42.255458951809786\n ],\n [\n -124.4198226928711,\n 42.255458951809786\n ],\n [\n -124.4198226928711,\n 42.2424343809344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd10ae4b08c986b32f1d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ledig, David B.","contributorId":27645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ledig","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vander Heyden, Madeleine F.","contributorId":94887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Heyden","given":"Madeleine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, Gregory","contributorId":72011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034385,"text":"70034385 - 2011 - An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T11:59:28.876478","indexId":"70034385","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"Great Salt Lake (GSL) is one of the largest and most saline lakes in the world. In order to accurately model limnological processes in GSL, hydrodynamic calculations require the precise estimation of water density (ρ) under a variety of environmental conditions. An equation of state was developed with water samples collected from GSL to estimate density as a function of salinity and water temperature. The ρ of water samples from the south arm of GSL was measured as a function of temperature ranging from 278 to 323 degrees Kelvin (oK) and conductivity salinities ranging from 23 to 182 g L−1 using an Anton Paar density meter. These results have been used to develop the following equation of state for GSL (σ = ± 0.32 kg m−3):
ρ−ρ0=184.01062+1.04708∗S−1.21061∗T +3.14721E−4∗S2+0.00199T2−0.00112∗S∗T,
where ρ 0 is the density of pure water in kg m−3, S is conductivity salinity g L−1, and T is water temperature in degrees Kelvin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-011-9138-z","issn":"13806165","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Millero, F., Jones, B., and Green, W.R., 2011, An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 6, p. 809-820, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-011-9138-z.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"820","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MNH8J","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Density and salinity data to validate an equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2021&amp;amp;ndash;2022"},{"id":244659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.9010009765625,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -112.9010009765625,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -112.9010009765625,\n 40.68063802521456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9d3e4b0c8380cd484aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millero, F.J.","contributorId":106345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millero","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. R.","contributorId":68354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034377,"text":"70034377 - 2011 - In vivo fitness correlates with host-specific virulence of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-11T10:35:42","indexId":"70034377","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3696,"text":"Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vivo fitness correlates with host-specific virulence of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout","docAbstract":"The relationship between virulence and overall within-host fitness of the fish rhabdovirus Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was empirically investigated in vivo for two virus isolates belonging to different IHNV genogroups that exhibit opposing host-specific virulence. U group isolates are more virulent in sockeye salmon and M group isolates are more virulent in rainbow trout. In both single and mixed infections in the two fish hosts, the more virulent IHNV type exhibited higher prevalence and higher viral load than the less virulent type. Thus, a positive correlation was observed between higher in vivo fitness and higher host-specific virulence in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout. Comparisons of mean viral loads in single and mixed infections revealed no evidence for limitation due to competition effects between U and M viruses in either rainbow trout or sockeye salmon co-infections.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Virology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.014","issn":"00426822","usgsCitation":"Penaranda, M., Wargo, A.R., and Kurath, G., 2011, In vivo fitness correlates with host-specific virulence of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in sockeye salmon and rainbow trout: Virology, v. 417, no. 2, p. 312-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"319","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475503,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.014"}],"volume":"417","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39bae4b0c8380cd61a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penaranda, M.M.D.","contributorId":17845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penaranda","given":"M.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wargo, A. R.","contributorId":28734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wargo","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034376,"text":"70034376 - 2011 - Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:04:15.361576","indexId":"70034376","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions","docAbstract":"Two methods are compared for estimating the shape parameters of Pareto field-size (or pool-size) distributions for petroleum resource assessment. Both methods assume mature exploration in which most of the larger fields have been discovered. Both methods use the sizes of larger discovered fields to estimate the numbers and sizes of smaller fields: (1) the tail-truncated method uses a plot of field size versus size rank, and (2) the log–geometric method uses data binned in field-size classes and the ratios of adjacent bin counts. Simulation experiments were conducted using discovered oil and gas pool-size distributions from four petroleum systems in Alberta, Canada and using Pareto distributions generated by Monte Carlo simulation. The estimates of the shape parameters of the Pareto distributions, calculated by both the tail-truncated and log–geometric methods, generally stabilize where discovered pool numbers are greater than 100. However, with fewer than 100 discoveries, these estimates can vary greatly with each new discovery. The estimated shape parameters of the tail-truncated method are more stable and larger than those of the log–geometric method where the number of discovered pools is more than 100. Both methods, however, tend to underestimate the shape parameter. Monte Carlo simulation was also used to create sequences of discovered pool sizes by sampling from a Pareto distribution with a discovery process model using a defined exploration efficiency (in order to show how biased the sampling was in favor of larger fields being discovered first). A higher (more biased) exploration efficiency gives better estimates of the Pareto shape parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-011-9361-6","issn":"18748961","usgsCitation":"Liu, C., Charpentier, R., and Su, J., 2011, Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 43, no. 7, p. 847-859, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-011-9361-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"859","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f848e4b0c8380cd4cfc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, C.","contributorId":67755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Su, J.","contributorId":39187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034375,"text":"70034375 - 2011 - Mixed-source reintroductions lead to outbreeding depression in second-generation descendents of a native North American fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:05:14.589489","indexId":"70034375","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed-source reintroductions lead to outbreeding depression in second-generation descendents of a native North American fish","docAbstract":"Reintroductions are commonly employed to preserve intraspecific biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. However, reintroduced populations are frequently smaller and more geographically isolated than native populations. Mixing genetically, divergent sources are often proposed to attenuate potentially low genetic diversity in reintroduced populations that may result from small effective population sizes. However, a possible negative tradeoff for mixing sources is outbreeding depression in hybrid offspring. We examined the consequences of mixed‐source reintroductions on several fitness surrogates at nine slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) reintroduction sites in south‐east Minnesota. We inferred the relative fitness of each crosstype in the reintroduced populations by comparing their growth rate, length, weight, body condition and persistence in reintroduced populations. Pure strain descendents from a single source population persisted in a greater proportion than expected in the reintroduced populations, whereas all other crosstypes occurred in a lesser proportion. Length, weight and growth rate were lower for second‐generation intra‐population hybrid descendents than for pure strain and first‐generation hybrids. In the predominant pure strain, young‐of the‐year size was significantly greater than any other crosstype. Our results suggested that differences in fitness surrogates among crosstypes were consistent with disrupted co‐adapted gene complexes associated with beneficial adaptations in these reintroduced populations. Future reintroductions may be improved by evaluating the potential for local adaptation in source populations or by avoiding the use of mixed sources by default when information on local adaptations or other genetic characteristics is lacking.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05271.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Huff, D., Miller, L., Chizinski, C., and Vondracek, B., 2011, Mixed-source reintroductions lead to outbreeding depression in second-generation descendents of a native North American fish: Molecular Ecology, v. 20, no. 20, p. 4246-4258, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05271.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4246","endPage":"4258","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475307,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11299/183584","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b83e4b0c8380cd6f5e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff, D.D.","contributorId":31913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, L.M.","contributorId":16245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chizinski, C.J.","contributorId":50635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chizinski","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033991,"text":"70033991 - 2011 - Temperature, hydric environment, and prior pathogen exposure alter the experimental severity of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T12:11:15","indexId":"70033991","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature, hydric environment, and prior pathogen exposure alter the experimental severity of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads","docAbstract":"Prevalence of the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), implicated in amphibian population declines worldwide, is associated with habitat moisture and temperature, but few studies have varied these factors and measured the response to infection in amphibian hosts. We evaluated how varying humidity, contact with water, and temperature affected the manifestation of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads Anaxyrus (Bufo) boreas boreas and how prior exposure to Bd affects the likelihood of survival after re-exposure, such as may occur seasonally in long-lived species. Humidity did not affect survival or the degree of Bd infection, but a longer time in contact with water increased the likelihood of mortality. After exposure to ~106 Bd zoospores, all toads in continuous contact with water died within 30 d. Moreover, Bd-exposed toads that were disease-free after 64 d under dry conditions, developed lethal chytridiomycosis within 70 d of transfer to wet conditions. Toads in unheated aquaria (mean = 15°C) survived less than 48 d, while those in moderately heated aquaria (mean = 18°C) survived 115 d post-exposure and exhibited behavioral fever, selecting warmer sites across a temperature gradient. We also found benefits of prior Bd infection: previously exposed toads survived 3 times longer than Bd-naïve toads after re-exposure to 106 zoospores (89 vs. 30 d), but only when dry microenvironments were available. This study illustrates how the outcome of Bd infection in boreal toads is environmentally dependent: when continuously wet, high reinfection rates may overwhelm defenses, but periodic drying, moderate warming, and previous infection may allow infected toads to extend their survival.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/dao02336","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Murphy, P.J., St-Hilaire, S., and Corn, P., 2011, Temperature, hydric environment, and prior pathogen exposure alter the experimental severity of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 95, no. 1, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02336.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475439,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02336","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02336"},{"id":244568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4cfe4b08c986b3205d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Peter J.","contributorId":48414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"St-Hilaire, Sophie","contributorId":38390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St-Hilaire","given":"Sophie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034108,"text":"70034108 - 2011 - Sources and physical processes responsible for OH/H2O in the lunar soil as revealed by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034108","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and physical processes responsible for OH/H2O in the lunar soil as revealed by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)","docAbstract":"Analysis of two absorption features near 3 m in the lunar reflectance spectrum, observed by the orbiting M3 spectrometer and interpreted as being due to OH and H2O, is presented, and the results are used to discuss the processes producing these molecules. This analysis focuses on the dependence of the absorptions on lunar physical properties, including composition, illumination, latitude, and temperature. Solar wind proton-induced hydroxylation is proposed as the creation process, and its products could be a source for other reported types of hydrogen-rich material and water. The irregular and damaged fine-grained lunar soil seems especially adapted for trapping solar wind protons and forming OH owing to abundant dangling oxygen bonds. The M3 data reveal that the strengths of the two absorptions are correlated and widespread, and both are correlated with lunar composition but in different ways. Feldspathic material seems richer in OH. These results seem to rule out water from the lunar interior and cometary infall as major sources. There appear to be correlations of apparent band strengths with time of day and lighting conditions. However, thermal emission from the Moon reduces the apparent strengths of the M3 absorptions, and its removal is not yet completely successful. Further, many of the lunar physical properties are themselves intercorrelated, and so separating these dependencies on the absorptions is difficult, due to the incomplete M3 data set. This process should also operate on other airless silicate surfaces, such as Mercury and Vesta, which will be visited by the Dawn spacecraft in mid-2011. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003711","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McCord, T.B., Taylor, L., Combe, J.#., Kramer, G., Pieters, C., Sunshine, J., and Clark, R.N., 2011, Sources and physical processes responsible for OH/H2O in the lunar soil as revealed by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3): Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003711.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475351,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003711","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003711"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b935be4b08c986b31a454","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, L.A.","contributorId":14160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Combe, J. #NAME?","contributorId":37982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Combe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kramer, G.","contributorId":32378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pieters, C.M.","contributorId":48733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":444131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sunshine, J.M.","contributorId":74591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sunshine","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034368,"text":"70034368 - 2011 - Mercury distribution and lipid oxidation in fish muscle: Effects of washing and isoelectric protein precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:48:40","indexId":"70034368","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury distribution and lipid oxidation in fish muscle: Effects of washing and isoelectric protein precipitation","docAbstract":"Nearly all the mercury (Hg) in whole muscle from whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and walleye (Sander vitreus) was present as methyl mercury (MeHg). The Hg content in whole muscle from whitefish and walleye was 0.04–0.09 and 0.14–0.81 ppm, respectively. The myofibril fraction contained approximately three-fourths of the Hg in whitefish and walleye whole muscle. The sarcoplasmic protein fraction (e.g., press juice) was the next most abundant source of Hg. Isolated myosin, triacylglycerols, and cellular membranes contained the least Hg. Protein isolates prepared by pH shifting in the presence of citric acid did not decrease Hg levels. Addition of cysteine during washing decreased the Hg content in washed muscle probably through the interaction of the sulfhydryl group in cysteine with MeHg. Primary and secondary lipid oxidation products were lower during 2 °C storage in isolates prepared by pH shifting compared to those of washed or unwashed mince from whole muscle. This was attributed to removing some of the cellular membranes by pH shifting. Washing the mince accelerated lipid peroxide formation but decreased secondary lipid oxidation products compared to that of the unwashed mince. This suggested that there was a lipid hydroperoxide generating system that was active upon dilution of aqueous antioxidants and pro-oxidants.
We investigated postbreeding resource selection by adult black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) on a 452-ha black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony in the Conata Basin of South Dakota during 2007–2008. We used resource selection functions (RSFs) to evaluate relationships between numbers of ferret locations and numbers of prairie dog burrow openings (total or active), distances to colony edges, and connectivity of patches of burrow openings. In both years ferrets selected areas near edges of the prairie dog colony where active burrow openings were abundant. In the interior of the colony ferrets selected areas with low abundance of active burrow openings. At times, prairie dog productivity (i.e., pup abundance) might be greatest at colony edges often characterized by grasses; ferrets are likely to select areas where refuge and vulnerable prey are abundant. Ferrets could have used interior areas with few active burrow openings as corridors between edge areas with many active burrow openings. Also, in areas with few active burrow openings ferrets spend more time aboveground during movements and, thus, are likely to be more easily detected. These results complement previous studies demonstrating importance of refuge and prey in fine-scale resource selection by ferrets and provide insight into factors that might influence edge effects on ferret space use. Conservation and restoration of colonies with areas with high densities of burrow openings and prairie dogs, and corridors between such areas, are needed for continued recovery of the black-footed ferret. RSFs could complement coarse-scale habitat evaluations by providing finer-scale assessments of habitat for the black-footed ferret.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/10-MAMM-S-139.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Millspaugh, J., Biggins, E., Livieri, T., and Jachowski, D., 2011, Postbreeding resource selection by adult black-footed ferrets in the Conata Basin, South Dakota: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 4, p. 760-770, https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-139.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"760","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-139.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e76e4b0c8380cd7a569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, D.A.","contributorId":68973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, J.J.","contributorId":99105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livieri, T.M.","contributorId":96910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jachowski, D.S.","contributorId":67309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044504,"text":"70044504 - 2011 - On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-02T09:09:34","indexId":"70044504","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Hydrologic models often are applied to adjust projections of hydroclimatic change that come from climate models. Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement (\"downscaling\"), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic adjustment on the projections of runoff change associated with projected twenty-first-century climate change. In a case study including three climate models and 10 river basins in the contiguous United States, the authors find that relative (i.e., fractional or percentage) runoff change computed with hydrologic adjustment more often than not was less positive (or, equivalently, more negative) than what was projected by the climate models. The dominant contributor to this decrease in runoff was a ubiquitous change in runoff (median -11%) caused by the hydrologic model’s apparent amplification of the climate-model-implied growth in potential evapotranspiration. Analysis suggests that the hydrologic model, on the basis of the empirical, temperature-based modified Jensen–Haise formula, calculates a change in potential evapotranspiration that is typically 3 times the change implied by the climate models, which explicitly track surface energy budgets. In comparison with the amplification of potential evapotranspiration, central tendencies of other contributions from hydrologic adjustment (spatial refinement, climate-bias adjustment, and process refinement) were relatively small. The authors’ findings highlight the need for caution when projecting changes in potential evapotranspiration for use in hydrologic models or drought indices to evaluate climate-change impacts on water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/2010EI363.1","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., and Dunne, K.A., 2011, On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019747","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010ei363.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270444,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf6e4b075500ee5ca7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Krista A. kadunne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Krista","email":"kadunne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136550,"text":"70136550 - 2011 - Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four yucca moths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T14:00:13.686015","indexId":"70136550","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four yucca moths","docAbstract":"Comparative phylogeographic studies have had mixed success in identifying common phylogeographic patterns among co-distributed organisms. Whereas some have found broadly similar patterns across a diverse array of taxa, others have found that the histories of different species are more idiosyncratic than congruent. The variation in the results of comparative phylogeographic studies could indicate that the extent to which sympatrically-distributed organisms share common biogeographic histories varies depending on the strength and specificity of ecological interactions between them. To test this hypothesis, we examined demographic and phylogeographic patterns in a highly specialized, coevolved community – Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia) and their associated yucca moths. This tightly-integrated, mutually interdependent community is known to have experienced significant range changes at the end of the last glacial period, so there is a strong a priori expectation that these organisms will show common signatures of demographic and distributional changes over time. Using a database of >5000 GPS records for Joshua trees, and multi-locus DNA sequence data from the Joshua tree and four species of yucca moth, we combined paleaodistribution modeling with coalescent-based analyses of demographic and phylgeographic history. We extensively evaluated the power of our methods to infer past population size and distributional changes by evaluating the effect of different inference procedures on our results, comparing our palaeodistribution models to Pleistocene-aged packrat midden records, and simulating DNA sequence data under a variety of alternative demographic histories. Together the results indicate that these organisms have shared a common history of population expansion, and that these expansions were broadly coincident in time. However, contrary to our expectations, none of our analyses indicated significant range or population size reductions at the end of the last glacial period, and the inferred demographic changes substantially predate Holocene climate changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0025628","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.I., Tank, S., Godsoe, W., Levenick, J., Strand, E., Esque, T., and Pellmyr, O., 2011, Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four yucca moths: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 10, e25628: 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025628.","productDescription":"e25628: 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015534","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475089,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025628","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b61e4b08de9379b3358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Christopher Irwin","contributorId":131173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"Irwin","affiliations":[{"id":7268,"text":"Willamette University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tank, Shantel","contributorId":131174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tank","given":"Shantel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godsoe, William","contributorId":131175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godsoe","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Levenick, Jim","contributorId":131176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levenick","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7268,"text":"Willamette University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strand, Eva","contributorId":82611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strand","given":"Eva","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":127766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pellmyr, Olle","contributorId":131177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pellmyr","given":"Olle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036190,"text":"70036190 - 2011 - Acetate availability and its influence on sustainable bioremediation of Uranium-contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T21:21:10.969421","indexId":"70036190","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acetate availability and its influence on sustainable bioremediation of Uranium-contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"Field biostimulation experiments at the U.S. Department of Energy's Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site in Rifle, Colorado, have demonstrated that uranium concentrations in groundwater can be decreased to levels below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) drinking water standard (0.126 μM). During successive summer experiments – referred to as “Winchester” (2007) and “Big Rusty” (2008) - acetate was added to the aquifer to stimulate the activity of indigenous dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria capable of reductively immobilizing uranium. The two experiments differed in the length of injection (31 vs. 110 days), the maximum concentration of acetate (5 vs. 30 mM), and the extent to which iron reduction (“Winchester”) or sulfate reduction (“Big Rusty”) was the predominant metabolic process. In both cases, rapid removal of U(VI) from groundwater occurred at calcium concentrations (6 mM) and carbonate alkalinities (8 meq/L) where Ca-UO2-CO3 ternary complexes constitute >90% of uranyl species in groundwater. Complete consumption of acetate and increased alkalinity (>30 meq/L) accompanying the onset of sulfate reduction corresponded to temporary increases in U(VI); however, by increasing acetate concentrations in excess of available sulfate (10 mM), low U(VI) concentrations (0.1–0.05 μM) were achieved for extended periods of time (>140 days). Uniform delivery of acetate during “Big Rusty” was impeded due to decreases in injection well permeability, likely resulting from biomass accumulation and carbonate and sulfide mineral precipitation. Such decreases were not observed during the short-duration “Winchester” experiment. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that Geobacter sp. and Geobacter-like strains dominated the groundwater community profile during iron reduction, with 13C stable isotope probing (SIP) results confirming these strains were actively utilizing acetate to replicate their genome during the period of optimal U(VI) removal. Gene transcript levels during “Big Rusty” were quantified for Geobacter-specific citrate synthase (gltA), with ongoing transcription during sulfate reduction indicating that members of the Geobacteraceae were still active and likely contributing to U(VI) removal. The persistence of reducible Fe(III) in sediments recovered from an area of prolonged (110-day) sulfate reduction is consistent with this conclusion. These results indicate that acetate availability and its ability to sustain the activity of iron- and uranyl-respiring Geobacter strains during sulfate reduction exerts a primary control on optimized U(VI) removal from groundwater at the Rifle IFRC site over extended time scales (>50 days).
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/01490451.2010.520074","issn":"01490451","usgsCitation":"Williams, K., Long, P., Davis, J., Wilkins, M., N’Guessan, A.L., Steefel, C., Yang, L., Newcomer, D., Spane, F., Kerkhof, L., Mcguinness, L., Dayvault, R., and Lovley, D.R., 2011, Acetate availability and its influence on sustainable bioremediation of Uranium-contaminated groundwater: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 28, no. 5-6, p. 519-539, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2010.520074.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"539","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2010.520074"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e68de4b0c8380cd474c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, K.H.","contributorId":89386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilkins, M.J.","contributorId":46292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkins","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"N’Guessan, A. L.","contributorId":83775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"N’Guessan","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steefel, Carl","contributorId":66932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steefel","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newcomer, D.","contributorId":9900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newcomer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spane, F.A.","contributorId":87792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spane","given":"F.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kerkhof, L.J.","contributorId":77314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerkhof","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mcguinness, L.","contributorId":62445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcguinness","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dayvault, R.","contributorId":14673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dayvault","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70036192,"text":"70036192 - 2011 - Maintenance of phenotypic variation: Repeatability, heritability and size-dependent processes in a wild brook trout population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036192","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maintenance of phenotypic variation: Repeatability, heritability and size-dependent processes in a wild brook trout population","docAbstract":"Phenotypic variation in body size can result from within-cohort variation in birth dates, among-individual growth variation and size-selective processes. We explore the relative effects of these processes on the maintenance of wide observed body size variation in stream-dwelling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Based on the analyses of multiple recaptures of individual fish, it appears that size distributions are largely determined by the maintenance of early size variation. We found no evidence for size-dependent compensatory growth (which would reduce size variation) and found no indication that size-dependent survival substantially influenced body size distributions. Depensatory growth (faster growth by larger individuals) reinforced early size variation, but was relatively strong only during the first sampling interval (age-0, fall). Maternal decisions on the timing and location of spawning could have a major influence on early, and as our results suggest, later (>age-0) size distributions. If this is the case, our estimates of heritability of body size (body length=0.25) will be dominated by processes that generate and maintain early size differences. As a result, evolutionary responses to environmental change that are mediated by body size may be largely expressed via changes in the timing and location of reproduction. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolutionary Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00184.x","issn":"17524563","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Coombs, J., and Nislow, K., 2011, Maintenance of phenotypic variation: Repeatability, heritability and size-dependent processes in a wild brook trout population: Evolutionary Applications, v. 4, no. 4, p. 602-615, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00184.x.","startPage":"602","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475259,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00184.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00184.x"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4bfee4b0c8380cd69917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coombs, J.A.","contributorId":91295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nislow, K.H.","contributorId":66477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nislow","given":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034363,"text":"70034363 - 2011 - Chemical structures of coal lithotypes before and after CO2 adsorption as investigated by advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T20:27:00.964393","indexId":"70034363","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical structures of coal lithotypes before and after CO2 adsorption as investigated by advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Four lithotypes (vitrain, bright clarain, clarain, and fusain) of a high volatile bituminous Springfield Coal from the Illinois Basin were characterized using advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR techniques included quantitative direct polarization/magic angle spinning (DP/MAS), cross polarization/total sideband suppression (CP/TOSS), dipolar dephasing, CHn selection, and recoupled C–H long-range dipolar dephasing techniques. The lithotypes that experienced high-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherm analysis were also analyzed to determine possible changes in coal structure as a result of CO2 saturation at high pressure and subsequent evacuation. The main carbon functionalities present in original vitrain, bright clarain, clarain and fusain were aromatic carbons (65.9%–86.1%), nonpolar alkyl groups (9.0%–28.9%), and aromatic C–O carbons (4.1%–9.5%). Among these lithotypes, aromaticity increased in the order of clarain, bright clarain, vitrain, and fusain, whereas the fraction of alkyl carbons decreased in the same order. Fusain was distinct from other three lithotypes in respect to its highest aromatic composition (86.1%) and remarkably small fraction of alkyl carbons (11.0%). The aromatic cluster size in fusain was larger than that in bright clarain. The lithotypes studied responded differently to high pressure CO2 saturation. After exposure to high pressure CO2, vitrain and fusain showed a decrease in aromaticity but an increase in the fraction of alkyl carbons, whereas bright clarain and clarain displayed an increase in aromaticity but a decrease in the fraction of alkyl carbons. Aromatic fused-rings were larger for bright clarain but smaller for fusain in the post-CO2 adsorption samples compared to the original lithotypes. These observations suggested chemical CO2–coal interactions at high pressure and the selectivity of lithotypes in response to CO2 adsorption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2011.08.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Cao, X., Mastalerz, M., Chappell, M., Miller, L., Li, Y., and Mao, J., 2011, Chemical structures of coal lithotypes before and after CO2 adsorption as investigated by advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 88, no. 1, p. 67-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.08.003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.08.003"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f596e4b0c8380cd4c2d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cao, X.","contributorId":60885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chappell, M.A.","contributorId":47592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chappell","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, L.F.","contributorId":85012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mao, J.","contributorId":87513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034109,"text":"70034109 - 2011 - Spring-fall asymmetry of substorm strength, geomagnetic activity and solar wind: Implications for semiannual variation and solar hemispheric asymmetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T20:07:04.294983","indexId":"70034109","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring-fall asymmetry of substorm strength, geomagnetic activity and solar wind: Implications for semiannual variation and solar hemispheric asymmetry","docAbstract":"We study the seasonal variation of substorms, geomagnetic activity and their solar wind drivers in 1993–2008. The number of substorms and substorm mean duration depict an annual variation with maxima in Winter and Summer, respectively, reflecting the annual change of the local ionosphere. In contradiction, substorm mean amplitude, substorm total efficiency and global geomagnetic activity show a dominant annual variation, with equinoctial maxima alternating between Spring in solar cycle 22 and Fall in cycle 23. The largest annual variations were found in 1994 and 2003, in the declining phase of the two cycles when high‐speed streams dominate the solar wind. A similar, large annual variation is found in the solar wind driver of substorms and geomagnetic activity, which implies that the annual variation of substorm strength, substorm efficiency and geomagnetic activity is not due to ionospheric conditions but to a hemispherically asymmetric distribution of solar wind which varies from one cycle to another. Our results imply that the overall semiannual variation in global geomagnetic activity has been seriously overestimated, and is largely an artifact of the dominant annual variation with maxima alternating between Spring and Fall. The results also suggest an intimate connection between the asymmetry of solar magnetic fields and some of the largest geomagnetic disturbances, offering interesting new pathways for forecasting disturbances with a longer lead time to the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2011GL046751","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Mursula, K., Tanskanen, E., and Love, J., 2011, Spring-fall asymmetry of substorm strength, geomagnetic activity and solar wind: Implications for semiannual variation and solar hemispheric asymmetry: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 6, L06104, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046751.","productDescription":"L06104, 5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":313,"text":"Geomagnetism Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046751"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9627e4b08c986b31b321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mursula, K.","contributorId":12293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mursula","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanskanen, E.","contributorId":7829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanskanen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, J.J.","contributorId":66626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036193,"text":"70036193 - 2011 - Dynamic resource allocation in conservation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T21:16:21.782836","indexId":"70036193","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dynamic resource allocation in conservation planning","docAbstract":"Consider the problem of protecting endangered species by selecting patches of land to be used for conservation purposes. Typically, the availability of patches changes over time, and recommendations must be made dynamically. This is a challenging prototypical example of a sequential optimization problem under uncertainty in computational sustainability. Existing techniques do not scale to problems of realistic size. In this paper, we develop an efficient algorithm for adaptively making recommendations for dynamic conservation planning, and prove that it obtains near-optimal performance. We further evaluate our approach on a detailed reserve design case study of conservation planning for three rare species in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"25th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 23rd Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, AAAI-11 / IAAI-11","conferenceDate":"August 7-11, 2011","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","isbn":"9781577355090","usgsCitation":"Golovin, D., Krause, A., Gardner, B., Converse, S.J., and Morey, S., 2011, Dynamic resource allocation in conservation planning, in Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, v. 2, San Francisco, CA, August 7-11, 2011, p. 1331-1336.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0429e4b0c8380cd50811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golovin, D.","contributorId":24244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golovin","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krause, A.","contributorId":9927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, B.","contributorId":26793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morey, S.","contributorId":101491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033995,"text":"70033995 - 2011 - Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-30T19:19:43","indexId":"70033995","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA","docAbstract":"Nucleospora salmonis is an intranuclear microsporidian that primarily infects lymphoblast cells and contributes to chronic lymphoblastosis and a leukemia-like condition in a range of salmonid species. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of N. salmonis in out-migrating juvenile hatchery and wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss from the Snake River in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. To achieve this goal, we first addressed the following concerns about current molecular diagnostic tests for N. salmonis: (1) nonspecific amplification patterns by the published nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) test, (2) incomplete validation of the published quantitative PCR (qPCR) test, and (3) whether N. salmonis can be detected reliably from nonlethal samples. Here, we present an optimized nPCR protocol that eliminates nonspecific amplification. During validation of the published qPCR test, our laboratory developed a second qPCR test that targeted a different gene sequence and used different probe chemistry for comparison purposes. We simultaneously evaluated the two different qPCR tests for N. salmonis and found that both assays were highly specific, sensitive, and repeatable. The nPCR and qPCR tests had good overall concordance when DNA samples derived from both apparently healthy and clinically diseased hatchery rainbow trout were tested. Finally, we demonstrated that gill snips were a suitable tissue for nonlethal detection of N. salmonis DNA in juvenile salmonids. Monitoring of juvenile salmonid fish in the Snake River over a 3-year period revealed low prevalence of N. salmonis in hatchery and wild Chinook salmon and wild steelhead but significantly higher prevalence in hatchery-derived steelhead. Routine monitoring of N. salmonis is not performed for all hatchery steelhead populations. At present, the possible contribution of this pathogen to delayed mortality of steelhead has not been determined.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/08997659.2011.559418","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Badil, S., Elliott, D.G., Kurobe, T., Hedrick, R.P., Clemens, K., Blair, M., and Purcell, M., 2011, Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 23, no. 1, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2011.559418.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216776,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2011.559418"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80fe4b0c8380cd4ce67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Badil, Samantha","contributorId":63241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badil","given":"Samantha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurobe, Tomofumi","contributorId":97741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurobe","given":"Tomofumi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hedrick, Ronald P.","contributorId":86999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clemens, Kathy","contributorId":78172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blair, Marilyn","contributorId":44388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"Marilyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K.","contributorId":104214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034114,"text":"70034114 - 2011 - Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034114","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, USA","docAbstract":"For more than a century, the Sangamon paleosol (the Sangamon) has been an integral part of geologic and pedologic investigations in the central United States, including the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri River Valleys. Compositional, pedologic, micromorphologic, stratigraphic, and age data indicate that the prominent reddish paleosol developed in silt-rich deposits of the Lower Mississippi Valley, from southernmost Illinois to northwestern Mississippi, represents multiple periods of soil formation, and is wholly or in part time equivalent to the Sangamon of the central United States. Thermoluminescence data, for localities where the Sangamon developed in loess, indicate that the primary period of loess deposition was from 190 to 130 ka (oxygen isotope stage, OIS6), that loess deposition continued intermittently from 130 to 74 ka (OIS5), and that deposition was wholly or in part coeval with Loveland loess deposition in the central United States. Beryllium-10, chemical, and pedologic data indicate that in the Lower Mississippi Valley: (1) the Sangamon represents a minimum time period of 60-80 k.y.; (2) there were at least two periods of soil formation, ca. 130-90 ka and 74-58 ka (OIS4); and (3) rates of weathering and pedogenesis equaled or exceeded the net loess-accumulation rate until at least 46 ka (OIS3) and resulted in development of a paleosol in the overlying basal Roxana Silt. Along a N-S transect from southern Illinois to western Mississippi, Sangamon macroscopic characteristics as well asthe micro-morphology, chemistry, and mineralogy, suggest a regional paleoclimate during periods of soil formation that: (1) was warm to hot, with a wider range in temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration than present; (2) had seasonal to decadal or longer periods of drought; and (3) had down-valley (southward) trends of increasing temperature and precipitation and decreasing seasonality and variation in annualto decadal precipitation. ?? 2011 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B30208.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H.W., Wysocki, D., Pavich, M., and Rutledge, E., 2011, Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, no. 1-2, p. 21-39, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30208.1.","startPage":"21","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216603,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30208.1"},{"id":244483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f5e4b0c8380cd47fec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, H. W.","contributorId":31426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wysocki, D.A.","contributorId":11678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wysocki","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rutledge, E.M.","contributorId":47819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034899,"text":"70034899 - 2011 - Remote compositional analysis of lunar olivine-rich lithologies with Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-10T12:50:22.519967","indexId":"70034899","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote compositional analysis of lunar olivine-rich lithologies with Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) spectra","docAbstract":"A systematic approach for deconvolving remotely sensed lunar olivine‐rich visible to near‐infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra with the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM) is evaluated with Chandrayaan‐1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) spectra. Whereas earlier studies of laboratory reflectance spectra focused only on complications due to chromite inclusions in lunar olivines, we develop a systematic approach for addressing (through continuum removal) the prominent continuum slopes common to remotely sensed reflectance spectra of planetary surfaces. We have validated our continuum removal on a suite of laboratory reflectance spectra. Suites of olivine‐dominated reflectance spectra from a small crater near Mare Moscoviense, the Copernicus central peak, Aristarchus, and the crater Marius in the Marius Hills were analyzed. Spectral diversity was detected in visual evaluation of the spectra and was quantified using the MGM. The MGM‐derived band positions are used to estimate the olivine's composition in a relative sense. Spectra of olivines from Moscoviense exhibit diversity in their absorption features, and this diversity suggests some variation in olivine Fe/Mg content. Olivines from Copernicus are observed to be spectrally homogeneous and thus are predicted to be more compositionally homogeneous than those at Moscoviense but are of broadly similar composition to the Moscoviense olivines. Olivines from Aristarchus and Marius exhibit clear spectral differences from those at Moscoviense and Copernicus but also exhibit features that suggest contributions from other phases. If the various precautions discussed here are weighed carefully, the methods presented here can be used to make general predictions of absolute olivine composition (Fe/Mg content).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003731","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Isaacson, P., Pieters, C., Besse, S., Clark, R.N., Head, J., Klima, R., Mustard, J., Petro, N., Staid, M., Sunshine, J., Taylor, L., Thaisen, K., and Tompkins, S., 2011, Remote compositional analysis of lunar olivine-rich lithologies with Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) spectra: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. E6, E00G11, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003731.","productDescription":"E00G11, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-024468","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003731","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"E6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6dbe4b0c8380cd850bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaacson, P.J.","contributorId":63236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pieters, C.M.","contributorId":48733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Besse, S.","contributorId":79330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besse","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Head, J.W.","contributorId":67982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klima, R.L.","contributorId":29238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klima","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mustard, J.F.","contributorId":91605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Petro, N.E.","contributorId":18999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petro","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Staid, M.I.","contributorId":76505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sunshine, J.M.","contributorId":74591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sunshine","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Taylor, L.A.","contributorId":14160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thaisen, K.G.","contributorId":70615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thaisen","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tompkins, S.","contributorId":51123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tompkins","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ]}