{"pageNumber":"1844","pageRowStart":"46075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68934,"records":[{"id":16509,"text":"ofr8956 - 1989 - Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16509,"text":"ofr8956 - 1989 - Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow","indexId":"ofr8956","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4726,"text":"twri03B7 - 1992 - Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow","indexId":"twri03B7","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4726,"text":"twri03B7 - 1992 - Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow","indexId":"twri03B7","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T10:17:01","indexId":"ofr8956","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-56","title":"Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow","docAbstract":"<p>Analytical solutions to the advective-dispersive solute-transport equation are useful in predicting the fate of solutes in ground water. Analytical solutions compiled from available literature or derived by the author are presented in this report for a variety of boundary condition types and solute-source configurations in one-, two-, and three-dimensional systems with uniform ground-water flow. A set of user-oriented computer programs was created to evaluate these solutions and to display the results in tabular and computer-graphics format. These programs incorporate many features that enhance their accuracy, ease of use, and versatility. Documentation for the programs describes their operation and required input data, and presents the results of sample problems. Derivations of select solutions, source codes for the computer programs, and samples of program input and output also are included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8956","usgsCitation":"Wexler, E.J., 1989, Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-56, xii, 250 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8956.","productDescription":"xii, 250 p.","numberOfPages":"267","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acbe4b07f02db67e388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wexler, Eliezer J.","contributorId":99963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"Eliezer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16338,"text":"ofr8948 - 1989 - Listings of model input values for the modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model of the Tesugue aquifer system in northern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:11","indexId":"ofr8948","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-48","title":"Listings of model input values for the modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model of the Tesugue aquifer system in northern New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8948","usgsCitation":"Umari, A., 1989, Listings of model input values for the modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model of the Tesugue aquifer system in northern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-48, iii, 7 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8948.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Umari, Amjad M.J.","contributorId":72806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Umari","given":"Amjad M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12725,"text":"ofr89411 - 1989 - Senegal River Valley Ground-Water Monitoring Project; summary report on piezometer evaluation, February-March 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr89411","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-411","title":"Senegal River Valley Ground-Water Monitoring Project; summary report on piezometer evaluation, February-March 1989","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr89411","usgsCitation":"Bolke, E., and Stephens, J., 1989, Senegal River Valley Ground-Water Monitoring Project; summary report on piezometer evaluation, February-March 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-411, iii, 11 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89411.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0411/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41135,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0411/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a1d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, J.C.","contributorId":74010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14259,"text":"ofr89401 - 1989 - Compilation of geohydrologic data collected as part of the areal appraisal of ground-water resources near Branson, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr89401","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-401","title":"Compilation of geohydrologic data collected as part of the areal appraisal of ground-water resources near Branson, Missouri","docAbstract":"A rapidly developing retirement community and tourist industry in the Branson, Missouri area has created an increased demand for potable water, especially in the summer months. The rapid pace of residential and business expansion has created concerns regarding the future groundwater availability and quality. Water levels measured in the Ozark aquifer during the summer of 1988 and March 1989 show water levels increasing in 22 wells, decreasing in 2 wells, and remaining the same in 1 well. The water level increases ranged from 1 to 111 ft. These measurements and similar measurements during the summer of 1989 will be used to calibrate a three-dimensional model of groundwater flow in the Branson area and estimate the long-term effect of large groundwater withdrawals during the summer tourist season. A reconnaissance of water quality in 34 wells that are open to the Ozark aquifer shows specific conductance ranging from 347 to 841 microsiemens/cm at 25 C and no fecal coliform bacteria present in any well. Chloride and nitrate concentrations in all wells were well below the Missouri Department of Natural Resources recommended maximum concentrations of 250 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. Analysis of 5 water samples for 33 volatile organic compounds failed to detect any concentrations in excess of the detection limits. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr89401","usgsCitation":"Imes, J., 1989, Compilation of geohydrologic data collected as part of the areal appraisal of ground-water resources near Branson, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-401, v, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89401.","productDescription":"v, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0401/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0401/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a984e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imes, J. L.","contributorId":61428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57545,"text":"wdrAR881 - 1989 - Water resources data for Arkansas, water year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-10T23:32:38.818213","indexId":"wdrAR881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AR-88-1","title":"Water resources data for Arkansas, water year 1988","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrAR881","usgsCitation":"Moore, M.A., Porter, J., Westerfield, P., and Young, K., 1989, Water resources data for Arkansas, water year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AR-88-1, viii, 622 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAR881.","productDescription":"viii, 622 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E. Jr.","contributorId":12080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aquino, Zaida","contributorId":71621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aquino","given":"Zaida","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diaz, P.L.","contributorId":21626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vachier, Ricardo","contributorId":88018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vachier","given":"Ricardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28903,"text":"wri894130 - 1989 - Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations on runoff and sediment yields in the Upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri894130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4130","title":"Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations on runoff and sediment yields in the Upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California","docAbstract":"High sediment loads below headwater areas of the Permanente Creek drainage basin, Santa Clara County, California, have caused flood-control problems in downstream lowland areas. Measured sediment yields in Permanente Creek, which drains areas affected by limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations, were 14 times greater than yields from the West Fork Permanente Creek, which primarily drains parkland. Part of this large disparity in yields is the result of higher runoff/unit of drainage area in the Permanente Creek Basin. Results of rainfall-runoff modeling indicate that the tendency for higher runoff from Permanente Creek results from natural differences in basin physiography. Runoff during periods of high streamflow (when most sediment is transported) is dominated by subsurface flow, which is not affected by human activities. Although artificial features created by human activities seem to have had only minor effects on runoff, they apparently have had major effects on sediment availability. Artificial features accounted for 273 acres (89%) of the 307 acres of active erosional landforms mapped in 1984. Increased availability of sediment in the Permanente Creek basin appears to be indicated by elevated intercepts of sediment-transport curves. A comparison of sediment-transport curves for the West Fork Permanente Creek with similar curves for the Permanente Creek basin under natural conditions suggests that the sediment yield from Permanente Creek is about 3.5 times higher than it would be under natural basin conditions. The increased yield apparently is due to an increase in sediment availability rather than an increase in runoff. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894130","usgsCitation":"Nolan, K., and Hill, B.R., 1989, Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant operations on runoff and sediment yields in the Upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa Clara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4130, vi, 48 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894130.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57776,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, K.M.","contributorId":36151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20934,"text":"ofr89418 - 1989 - Tritium analyses of shallow ground water in Mississippi, April 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr89418","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-418","title":"Tritium analyses of shallow ground water in Mississippi, April 1989","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr89418","usgsCitation":"Slack, L.J., and Oakley, W.T., 1989, Tritium analyses of shallow ground water in Mississippi, April 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-418, iv, 8 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89418.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0418/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50525,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0418/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6244ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, L. J.","contributorId":44157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27565,"text":"wri884110 - 1989 - Lithology, thickness, and extent of hydrogeologic units underlying the East Portland area, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:21:48","indexId":"wri884110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4110","title":"Lithology, thickness, and extent of hydrogeologic units underlying the East Portland area, Oregon","docAbstract":"The lithology, thickness, and extent of eight distinct hydrogeologic units are described and mapped within the East Portland area of Oregon. The thickness, extent, and top of each unit are shown on contour maps at scales of 1:24,000. Their stratigraphic relations are displayed on a diagrammatic cross section. The geologic setting and unit lithology are described within the text. A data table presents information on each well or boring that was used for determining the thickness, extent, and lithology of each hydrogeologic unit. The hydrogeologic units range in age from late Miocene to Holocene and include several facies of the Troutdale Formation and Sandy River Mudstone, as well as Quaternary deposits of the Columbia River. From oldest to youngest, these units are referred to as: the sand and gravel aquifer, confining layer 2, Troutdale sandstone aquifer, confining layer 1, Unconsolidated gravel/Troutdale gravel aquifer, Columbia River sand aquifer, Blue Lake gravel aquifer, and overbank deposits. The total thickness of these sedimentary deposits is more than 1,300 ft in the sandy area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884110","usgsCitation":"Hartford, S., and McFarland, W.D., 1989, Lithology, thickness, and extent of hydrogeologic units underlying the East Portland area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4110, v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884110.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56426,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4110/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56427,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4110/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56428,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4110/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56429,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4110/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56430,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4110/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56431,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4110/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56432,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635f05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartford, S.V.","contributorId":63059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartford","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, W. D.","contributorId":57099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26387,"text":"wri874223 - 1989 - Changes in chloride concentrations, mixing patterns, and stratification characteristics of Irondequoit Bay, Monroe County, New York, after decreased use of road-deicing salts, 1974-1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri874223","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4223","title":"Changes in chloride concentrations, mixing patterns, and stratification characteristics of Irondequoit Bay, Monroe County, New York, after decreased use of road-deicing salts, 1974-1984","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies of this report may be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports,","doi":"10.3133/wri874223","usgsCitation":"Bubeck, R., and Burton, R., 1989, Changes in chloride concentrations, mixing patterns, and stratification characteristics of Irondequoit Bay, Monroe County, New York, after decreased use of road-deicing salts, 1974-1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4223, v, 52 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874223.","productDescription":"v, 52 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55180,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4223/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55181,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bubeck, R.C.","contributorId":81940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bubeck","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, R.S.","contributorId":92708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1816,"text":"wsp2327 - 1989 - Evapotranspiration and microclimate at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14055,"text":"ofr86301 - 1987 - Evapotranspiration and microclimate at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois","indexId":"ofr86301","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Evapotranspiration and microclimate at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1816,"text":"wsp2327 - 1989 - Evapotranspiration and microclimate at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois","indexId":"wsp2327","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Evapotranspiration and microclimate at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2327","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2327","title":"Evapotranspiration and microclimate at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois","docAbstract":"From July 1982 through June 1984, a study was made of the evapotranspiration and microclimate at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Bureau County, Illinois. Vegetation at the site consists of mixed pasture grasses, primarily awnless brome (Bromus inermis) and red clover (Trifoleum pratense). Three methods were used to estimate evapotranspiration: (1) an energy budget with the Bowen ratio, (2) an aerodynamic profile, and (3) a soil-based water budget. For the aerodynamic-profile method, sensible-heat flux was estimated by a profile equation and evapotranspiration was then calculated as the residual in the energy-balance equation. Estimates by the energy-budget and aerodynamic-profile methods were computed from hourly data and then summed by days and months. Yearly estimates (for March through November) by these methods were in close agreement: 648 and 626 millimeters, respectively. Daily estimates reach a maximum of about 6 millimeters. The water-budget method produced only monthly estimates based on weekly or biweekly soil-moisture content measurements. The yearly evapotranspiration estimated by this method (which actually included only the months of April through October) was 655 millimeters. The March-through-November average for the three methods of 657 millimeters was equivalent to 70 percent of total precipitation. \r\n\r\nContinuous measurements were made of incoming and reflected shortwave radiation, incoming and emitted longwave radiation, net radiation, soil-heat flux, soil temperature, horizontal windspeed, and wet- and dry-bulb air temperature. Windspeed and air temperature were measured at heights of 0.5 and 2.0 meters (and also at 1.0 meter after September 1983). Soilmoisture content of the soil zone was measured with a gamma-attenuation gage. \r\n\r\nAnnual precipitation (938 millimeters) and average temperature (10.8 degrees Celsius) at the Sheffield site were virtually identical to long-term averages from nearby National Weather Service stations. Solar radiation averaged 65 percent of that normally expected under clear skies. Net radiation averaged 70.1 watts per square meter and was highest in July and negative during some winter months. Wind direction varied but was predominately south-southeasterly. Wind speed at the 2-meter height averaged 3.5 meters per second and was slightly higher in winter months than the rest of the year. The amount of water stored within the soil zone was greatest in early spring and least in late summer.\r\n\r\nSeasonal and diurnal trends of evapotranspiration rates mirrored those of net radiation; July was usually the month with the highest evapotranspiration rate. The ratio of sensible- to latentheat fluxes (commonly called the Bowen ratio) for the 2-year study period was 0.38, as averaged from the three methods. Monthly Bowen ratios fluctuated somewhat but averaged about 0.35 for late spring through summer. In fall, the ratio declined to zero or to slightly negative values. When the ratio was negative, the latent-heat flux was slightly greater than the net radiation because of additional energy supplied by' the cooling soil and air. \r\n\r\nEvapotranspiration calculated by the three methods averaged 75 percent of potential evapotranspiration, as estimated by the Penman equation. There was no apparent seasonal trend in the relation between actual and potential evapotranspiration rates.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2327","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., DeVries, M., and Sturrock, A.M., 1989, Evapotranspiration and microclimate at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2327, v, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2327.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2327/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27012,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2327/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9bba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeVries, M.P.","contributorId":39760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVries","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturrock, Alex M. Jr.","contributorId":62191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"Alex","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29148,"text":"wri894028 - 1989 - Computer programs to calculate basal area increment from tree rings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri894028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4028","title":"Computer programs to calculate basal area increment from tree rings","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies may be purchased from Open-File Services Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri894028","usgsCitation":"Phipps, R., and Field, M., 1989, Computer programs to calculate basal area increment from tree rings: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4028, iv, 124 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894028.","productDescription":"iv, 124 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58022,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a767d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phipps, R.L.","contributorId":23985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.L.","contributorId":10813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":43745,"text":"ofr89254 - 1989 - Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Prowers County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T21:01:23.367874","indexId":"ofr89254","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-254","title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Prowers County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology of the valley-fill aquifer of the Arkansas River valley in Prowers County, Colorado is presented in a series of three maps. The map shows: (1) the altitude and configuration of the bedrock surface beneath the valley-fill material; (2) the altitude and configuration of the water table in the spring of 1966; and (3) the saturation thickness of the valley-fill aquifer in the spring of 1966. (</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89254","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.A., Hurr, R., and Moore, J.E., 1989, Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Prowers County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-254, 3 Plates: 41.68 × 22.82 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89254.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 41.68 × 22.82 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81300,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0254/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81299,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0254/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81298,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0254/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405425,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17613.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Prowers County","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.74,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.044,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.044,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.74,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.74,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4880e4b07f02db5162d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Gregory A.","contributorId":78303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurr, R. T.","contributorId":20713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurr","given":"R. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John E.","contributorId":33688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28470,"text":"wri894049 - 1989 - Quality-assurance data for routine water analysis in the National Water-Quality Laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey for water year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri894049","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4049","title":"Quality-assurance data for routine water analysis in the National Water-Quality Laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey for water year 1987","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nCopies may be purchased from Books and Open-File Reports,","doi":"10.3133/wri894049","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., and Peart, D., 1989, Quality-assurance data for routine water analysis in the National Water-Quality Laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey for water year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4049, viii, 90 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894049.","productDescription":"viii, 90 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57272,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a0d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peart, D.B.","contributorId":45304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peart","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44623,"text":"wri884067 - 1989 - Water-level maps of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:00","indexId":"wri884067","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4067","title":"Water-level maps of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 1986","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer is a major source of water for irrigation in much of eastern Arkansas. Maps of the potentiometric surface, water level change, and depth to water illustrate the effects of large withdrawals for irrigation on water levels in the aquifer. The Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer is composed of Quaternary Flood plain and terrace deposits. Water in the aquifer generally is confined by an upper silt and clay layer. The regional direction of groundwater flow is south and southeast, except where affected by large withdrawals for irrigation by stream reaches that are hydraulically connected with the alluvial aquifer. The largest well yields range from 1,000 to 3,000 gal/min. Recharge to the aquifer principally is by infiltration of precipitation and water for surface water bodies. Both the spring and fall potentiometric surface maps show extensive cones of depression that result from large withdrawals for irrigation-one centered beneath Arkansas County, and another beneath western Poinsett and Cross Counties. Average water level differences between the spring and fall indicate a general decline of about 3 ft. The largest declines in water levels between 1981 and 1986 and the deepest water levels in 1986 occurred in areas most affected by large withdrawals for irrigation, as shown by the water level change map and depth to water map. The largest water level declines mainly occurred in central Lonoke County and in western Poinsett County. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri884067","usgsCitation":"Plafcan, M., and Remsing, L.M., 1989, Water-level maps of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4067, 4 maps on 1 sheet ; sheet 94 x 132 cm. folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884067.","productDescription":"4 maps on 1 sheet ; sheet 94 x 132 cm. folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81953,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4067/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db54539f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafcan, Maria","contributorId":20338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafcan","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Remsing, Larry M.","contributorId":32221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remsing","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26766,"text":"wri894059 - 1989 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at superfund-site wells G and H, Woburn, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri894059","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4059","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at superfund-site wells G and H, Woburn, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri894059","usgsCitation":"de Lima, V.A., and Olimpio, J., 1989, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow at superfund-site wells G and H, Woburn, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4059, vi, 99 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894059.","productDescription":"vi, 99 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4059/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55655,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4059/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de Lima, V. A.","contributorId":11638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Lima","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olimpio, J.C.","contributorId":36137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29482,"text":"wri894070 - 1989 - A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri894070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4070","title":"A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates","docAbstract":"A computer program was developed for converting the coordinates of any rectangular grid on a map to coordinates on a grid that is parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. Using this program in conjunction with groundwater flow models, the user can extract data and results from models with varying grid orientations and place these data into grid structure that is oriented parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. All cells in the rectangular grid must have equal dimensions, and all cells in the latitude-longitude grid measure one minute by one minute. This program is applicable if the map used shows lines of equal latitude as arcs and lines of equal longitude as straight lines and assumes that the Earth 's surface can be approximated as a sphere. The program user enters the row number , column number, and latitude and longitude of the midpoint of the cell for three test cells on the rectangular grid. The latitude and longitude of boundaries of the rectangular grid also are entered. By solving sets of simultaneous linear equations, the program calculates coefficients that are used for making the conversion. As an option in the program, the user may build a groundwater model file based on a grid that is parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. The program reads a data file based on the rectangular coordinates and automatically forms the new data file. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894070","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., 1989, A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4070, iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894070.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58326,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b09b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20327,"text":"ofr89387 - 1989 - Hydrogeologic data for the Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, April 1986-March 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:34","indexId":"ofr89387","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-387","title":"Hydrogeologic data for the Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, April 1986-March 1988","docAbstract":"This report is a compilation of hydrologic and geologic data collected for the period April 1986 through March 1988 for the Canal Creek area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Geologic data include lithologic logs for 73 sites and geophysical logs for 71 sites. Hydrologic data consist of hydrographs and synoptic water level measurements. The hydrographs were taken from eight wells that were equipped with continuous water level recorders, and the synoptic water-level measurements were made four times during the study. Well-construction data also are included for 149 observation wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr89387","usgsCitation":"Oliveros, J., and Gernhardt, P., 1989, Hydrogeologic data for the Canal Creek area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, April 1986-March 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-387, iv, 71 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89387.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0387/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0387/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628b51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliveros, J.P.","contributorId":93515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliveros","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gernhardt, Patrice","contributorId":96283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gernhardt","given":"Patrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1244,"text":"wsp2341A - 1989 - Statistical analysis relating well yield to construction practices and siting of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T10:26:49","indexId":"wsp2341A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2341","chapter":"A","title":"Statistical analysis relating well yield to construction practices and siting of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina","docAbstract":"A statistical analysis was made of data from more than 6,200 water wells drilled in the fractured crystalline rocks of the Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and western edge of the Coastal Plain where crystalline rocks underlie sediments at shallow depths. The study area encompassed 65 counties in western North Carolina, an area of 30,544 square miles, comprising nearly two-thirds of the State. Additional water supplies will be needed in western North Carolina as population and industrial development continue to increase. Ground water is an attractive alternative to surface water sources for moderate to large supplies. The statistical analysis was made to identify the geologic, topographic, and construction factors associated with high-yield wells. It is generally held that the crystalline rocks of Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces yield only small amounts of water to wells, that water is obtained from vertical fractures that pinch out at a depth of about 300 feet because of lithostatic pressure, and that the function of a larger diameter well is primarily for storage. These concepts are reasonable when based upon the average well drilled in these rocks: a domestic well, 125 feet deep, 6 inches or less in diameter, and located on a hill or ridge. However, statistical analysis shows that wells in draws or valleys have average yields three times those of wells on hills and ridges. Wells in the most productive hydrogeologic units have average yields twice those of wells in the least productive units. Wells in draws and valleys in the most productive units average five times more yield than wells on hills and ridges in the least productive units. Well diameter can have significant influence on yield; for a given depth, yield is directly proportional to well diameter. Maximum well yields are obtained from much greater depths than previously believed. For example, the average yield of 6-inch diameter wells located in draws and valleys can be expected to reach a maximum of about 45 gallons per minute at depths of 500 to 525 feet; for similarly located 12-inch diameter wells, the average yield can be expected to reach a maximum of about 150 gallons per min at depths of 700 to 800 feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2341A","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., 1989, Statistical analysis relating well yield to construction practices and siting of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2341, iv, 27 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2341A.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26173,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge Province, Piedmont 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,{"id":21190,"text":"ofr89626 - 1989 - A study of Bacillus cereus distributions and ten water extractable ions from soils on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:46","indexId":"ofr89626","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-626","title":"A study of Bacillus cereus distributions and ten water extractable ions from soils on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89626","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.E., McHugh, J.B., and Alminas, H.V., 1989, A study of Bacillus cereus distributions and ten water extractable ions from soils on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-626, 44 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89626.","productDescription":"44 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0626/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50777,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0626/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6251","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, R. E.","contributorId":50520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alminas, H. V.","contributorId":83926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alminas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44622,"text":"wri884042 - 1989 - Altitude of the potentiometric surface and changes in water levels in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in eastern and southern Arkansas, spring 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:00","indexId":"wri884042","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4042","title":"Altitude of the potentiometric surface and changes in water levels in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in eastern and southern Arkansas, spring 1986","docAbstract":"The Sparta-Memphis aquifer is a major source of industrial and public water supplies as well as a source of water for agricultural purposes in eastern and south-central Arkansas. The potentiometric-surface map for this aquifer, compiled from wastewater level measurements made during spring 1986, indicates a generally eastward and southward hydraulic gradient. The potentiometric surface also shows three major cones of depression resulting from groundwater withdrawals for industrial and public supplies; one centered in Columbia County, one in Union County, and one in Jefferson County. The water level change maps for the Sparta-Memphis aquifer for the period between spring 1981 and spring 1986 show large areas of both rise and decline in water levels across the study area. Largest rises occurred in parts of Jefferson, Columbia, and Phillips Counties, whereas largest declines occurred in parts of Union County. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri884042","usgsCitation":"Edds, J., and Fitzpatrick, D.J., 1989, Altitude of the potentiometric surface and changes in water levels in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in eastern and southern Arkansas, spring 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4042, 2 maps on 1 sheet ; sheet 91 x 117 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884042.","productDescription":"2 maps on 1 sheet ; sheet 91 x 117 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81952,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4042/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edds, Joe","contributorId":48532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edds","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Daniel J.","contributorId":31367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28469,"text":"wri894009 - 1989 - Quality-assurance data for routine water analysis in the laboratories of the US Geological Survey for water year 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri894009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4009","title":"Quality-assurance data for routine water analysis in the laboratories of the US Geological Survey for water year 1986","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri894009","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., and Peart, D., 1989, Quality-assurance data for routine water analysis in the laboratories of the US Geological Survey for water year 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4009, viii, 145 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894009.","productDescription":"viii, 145 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57271,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ae4b07f02db651588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peart, D.B.","contributorId":45304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peart","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":43744,"text":"ofr89255 - 1989 - Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Crowley and Otero Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T20:56:23.850691","indexId":"ofr89255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-255","title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Crowley and Otero Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology of the valley-fill aquifer of the Arkansas River valley in Crowley and Otero Counties, Colorado is presented in a series of three maps. The map shows: (1) the altitude and configuration of the bedrock surface beneath the valley-fill material; (2) the altitude and configuration of the water table in the spring of 1966; and (3) the saturation thickness of the valley-fill aquifer in the spring of 1966.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89255","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.A., Hurr, R., and Moore, J.E., 1989, Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Crowley and Otero Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-255, 3 Plates: 40.68 × 23.65 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89255.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 40.68 × 23.65 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405421,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17614.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81297,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0255/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81296,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0255/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81295,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0255/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Crowley County, Otero County","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.058,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.058,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.058,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adfe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Gregory A.","contributorId":78303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurr, R. T.","contributorId":20713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurr","given":"R. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John E.","contributorId":33688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":43746,"text":"ofr89256 - 1989 - Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Pueblo County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T21:05:54.013806","indexId":"ofr89256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-256","title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Pueblo County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology of the valley-fill aquifer of the Arkansas River valley in Pueblo County, Colorado is presented in a series of three maps. The map shows: (1) the altitude and configuration of the bedrock surface beneath the valley-fill material; (2) the altitude and configuration of the water table in the spring of 1966; and (3) the saturation thickness of the valley-fill aquifer in the spring of 1966.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89256","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.A., Hurr, R., and Moore, J.E., 1989, Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Valley-Fill aquifer in the Arkansas River valley, Pueblo County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-256, 3 Plates: 41.58 × 23.42 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89256.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 41.58 × 23.42 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81303,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0256/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81302,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0256/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81301,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0256/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405429,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17615.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Pueblo County","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.750,\n              38.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.047,\n              38.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.047,\n              38.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.750,\n              38.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.750,\n              38.125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4882e4b07f02db517371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Gregory A.","contributorId":78303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurr, R. T.","contributorId":20713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurr","given":"R. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John E.","contributorId":33688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1271,"text":"wsp2345 - 1989 - Water movement in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, South Carolina","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13302,"text":"ofr8746 - 1987 - Water movement in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, South Carolina","indexId":"ofr8746","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Water movement in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, South Carolina"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1271,"text":"wsp2345 - 1989 - Water movement in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, South Carolina","indexId":"wsp2345","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Water movement in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, South Carolina"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T10:40:13","indexId":"wsp2345","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2345","title":"Water movement in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Four unsaturated-zone monitoring sites and a meteorologic station were installed at the low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, S.C., to investigate the geohydrologic and climatologic factors affecting water movement in the unsaturated zone. The study site is located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The unsaturated zone consists of a few centimeters to more than 1 meter of surface sand, underlain by up to 15 meters of clayey sand. Two monitoring sites were installed in experimental trenches, and two were installed in radioactive-waste trenches. Two different trench designs were evaluated at the monitoring sites. \r\n\r\nA meteorologic station was used to measure precipitation and to calculate actual evapotranspiration using the Bowen ratio method. Soil-moisture tensiometers, soil-moisture conductance probes, and temperature sensors were used to monitor soil-water movement in and adjacent to the trenches. Tracer tests using sodium chloride were conducted at each monitoring site. Hydrologic properties of unsaturated-zone materials were also determined. Data collection at the monitoring sites began in January 1982 and continued until early May 1984. \r\n\r\nTensiometer data show that the unsaturated materials had their highest percent saturations in winter and spring. Saturations in the backfill sand varied from 20 to 100 percent, and in the adjacent undisturbed and overlying compacted clayey sand, from about 75 to 100 percent. The same pattern generally was observed at all four monitoring sites. The tracer-test data indicate that water movement occurred mainly during the recharge period, winter and spring. The tracer-test results enabled computation of rates of unsaturated flow in the compacted clayey-sand cap, the compacted clayey-sand barrier, and the backfill sand. \r\n\r\nA micro-scale hydrologic budget was determined for an undisturbed part of the site from July 1983 through June 1984.Total precipitation was 144 centimeters, and actual evapotranspiration was 101 centimeters. Additionally, because tensiometer data indicate negligible water-storage changes in the unsaturated zone, it is estimated that approximately 43 centimeters of recharge reached the water table. \r\n\r\nDuring 1984, the rise and fall of ponded water in an experimental trench was continuously monitored with a digital recorder. This water-level record was used to compute the rate of leakage of ponded water from that trench--1 x 10 -5 centimeter per second. A cross-sectional finite-element model of variably saturated flow was used to test the conceptual model of water movement in the unsaturated zone and to illustrate the effect of trench design on water movement into the experimental trenches. \r\n\r\nMonitoring and model results show that precipitation on trenches infiltrated the trench cap and moved vertically into the trench backfill material. Precipitation on the undisturbed material adjacent to the trenches moved vertically through the surface sand and continued either downward into undisturbed clayey sand or laterally along the sand/clayey-sand interface into the backfill sand, depending on trench design. The trench construction practice of placing a compacted clayey-sand barrier around the trench greatly inhibits soil water from entering the trench.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2345","usgsCitation":"Dennehy, K.F., and McMahon, P.B., 1989, Water movement in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste burial site near Barnwell, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2345, v, 40 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2345.","productDescription":"v, 40 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26225,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2345/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2345/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Barnwell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.5350341796875,\n              33.13065128220441\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.199951171875,\n              33.13065128220441\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.199951171875,\n              33.348884792201694\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5350341796875,\n              33.348884792201694\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5350341796875,\n              33.13065128220441\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69970a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennehy, Kevin F. kdennehy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"Kevin","email":"kdennehy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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