Approval of a new animal drug application for AQUAMYCIN 100® (erythromycin thiocyanate; ET) to treat freshwater salmonid species with bacterial kidney disease is being pursued in the US. As part of the approval process, ET’s impact on an aquatic environment had to be described in an environmental assessment. The environmental assessment was lacking data to characterize the effect ET would have on a chronically exposed aquatic invertebrate organism. A major step to fulfilling the environmental assessment was completed after conducting a comprehensive study continuously exposing Daphnia magna to ET for 21 days. Results indicated that the no observable effect concentration for ET was 179 μg/L.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00128-011-0415-8","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J., Schreier, T.M., and Bernardy, J., 2011, Chronic toxicity of erythromycin thiocyanate to Daphnia magna in a flow-through, continuous exposure test system: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 87, no. 6, p. 621-625, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0415-8.","startPage":"621","endPage":"625","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214044,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0415-8"},{"id":241731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5eee4b0c8380cd4c4c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, J.R. 0000-0002-8855-2648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":16786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardy, J.A.","contributorId":28567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardy","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033979,"text":"70033979 - 2011 - Seismic hazard assessment: Issues and alternatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70033979","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard assessment: Issues and alternatives","docAbstract":"Seismic hazard and risk are two very important concepts in engineering design and other policy considerations. Although seismic hazard and risk have often been used inter-changeably, they are fundamentally different. Furthermore, seismic risk is more important in engineering design and other policy considerations. Seismic hazard assessment is an effort by earth scientists to quantify seismic hazard and its associated uncertainty in time and space and to provide seismic hazard estimates for seismic risk assessment and other applications. Although seismic hazard assessment is more a scientific issue, it deserves special attention because of its significant implication to society. Two approaches, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) and deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA), are commonly used for seismic hazard assessment. Although PSHA has been pro-claimed as the best approach for seismic hazard assessment, it is scientifically flawed (i.e., the physics and mathematics that PSHA is based on are not valid). Use of PSHA could lead to either unsafe or overly conservative engineering design or public policy, each of which has dire consequences to society. On the other hand, DSHA is a viable approach for seismic hazard assessment even though it has been labeled as unreliable. The biggest drawback of DSHA is that the temporal characteristics (i.e., earthquake frequency of occurrence and the associated uncertainty) are often neglected. An alternative, seismic hazard analysis (SHA), utilizes earthquake science and statistics directly and provides a seismic hazard estimate that can be readily used for seismic risk assessment and other applications. ?? 2010 Springer Basel AG.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-010-0148-3","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Wang, Z., 2011, Seismic hazard assessment: Issues and alternatives: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 168, no. 1-2, p. 11-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0148-3.","startPage":"11","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216985,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0148-3"},{"id":244892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b16e4b08c986b3175a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032671,"text":"70032671 - 2011 - Building transparent data access for ocean observatories: Coordination of U.S. IOOS DMAC with NSF's OOI Cyberinfrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032671","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Building transparent data access for ocean observatories: Coordination of U.S. IOOS DMAC with NSF's OOI Cyberinfrastructure","docAbstract":"The NOAA-led U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and the National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) have been collaborating since 2007 on advanced tools and technologies that ensure open access to ocean observations and models. Initial collaboration focused on serving ocean data via cloud computing-a key component of the OOI cyberinfrastructure (CI) architecture. As the OOI transitioned from planning to execution in the Fall of 2009, an OOI/IOOS team developed a customer-based \"use case\" to align more closely with the emerging objectives of OOI-CI team's first software release scheduled for Summer 2011 and provide a quantitative capacity for stress-testing these tools and protocols. A requirements process was initiated with coastal modelers, focusing on improved workflows to deliver ocean observation data. Accomplishments to date include the documentation and assessment of scientific workflows for two \"early adopter\" modeling teams from IOOS Regional partners (Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey and University of Hawaii's School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology) to enable full understanding of data sources and needs; generation of all-inclusive lists of the data sets required and those obtainable through IOOS; a more complete understanding of areas where IOOS can expand data access capabilities to better serve the needs of the modeling community; and development of \"data set agents\" (software) to facilitate data acquisition from numerous data providers and conversions of the data format to the OOI-CI canonical form. ?? 2011 MTS.","largerWorkTitle":"OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book","conferenceTitle":"MTS/IEEE Kona Conference, OCEANS'11","conferenceDate":"19 September 2011 through 22 September 2011","conferenceLocation":"Kona, HI","language":"English","isbn":"9781457714276","usgsCitation":"Arrott, M., Alexander, C., Graybeal, J., Mueller, C., Signell, R., de La Beaujardière, J., Taylor, A., Wilkin, J., Powell, B., and Orcutt, J., 2011, Building transparent data access for ocean observatories: Coordination of U.S. IOOS DMAC with NSF's OOI Cyberinfrastructure, in OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book, Kona, HI, 19 September 2011 through 22 September 2011.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2abe4b0c8380cd4b2b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arrott, M.","contributorId":38788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrott","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Corrine","contributorId":51902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Corrine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graybeal, J.","contributorId":84990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graybeal","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, C.","contributorId":40201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Signell, R.","contributorId":76052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de La Beaujardière, J.","contributorId":17435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de La Beaujardière","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, A.","contributorId":87381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilkin, J.","contributorId":88163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Powell, B.","contributorId":39721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Orcutt, J.","contributorId":51457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orcutt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70032334,"text":"70032334 - 2011 - Monitoring the Earthquake source process in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032334","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the Earthquake source process in North America","docAbstract":"With the implementation of the USGS National Earthquake Information Center Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response system (PAGER), rapid determination of earthquake moment magnitude is essential, especially for earthquakes that are felt within the contiguous United States. We report an implementation of moment tensor processing for application to broad, seismically active areas of North America. This effort focuses on the selection of regional crustal velocity models, codification of data quality tests, and the development of procedures for rapid computation of the seismic moment tensor. We systematically apply these techniques to earthquakes with reported magnitude greater than 3.5 in continental North America that are not associated with a tectonic plate boundary. Using the 0.02-0.10 Hz passband, we can usually determine, with few exceptions, moment tensor solutions for earthquakes with M w as small as 3.7. The threshold is significantly influenced by the density of stations, the location of the earthquake relative to the seismic stations and, of course, the signal-to-noise ratio. With the existing permanent broadband stations in North America operated for rapid earthquake response, the seismic moment tensor of most earthquakes that are M w 4 or larger can be routinely computed. As expected the nonuniform spatial pattern of these solutions reflects the seismicity pattern. However, the orientation of the direction of maximum compressive stress and the predominant style of faulting is spatially coherent across large regions of the continent.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120110095","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Herrmann, R., Benz, H., and Ammon, C., 2011, Monitoring the Earthquake source process in North America: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 6, p. 2609-2625, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110095.","startPage":"2609","endPage":"2625","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110095"},{"id":242780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5de4e4b0c8380cd70679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrmann, Robert B.","contributorId":80255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, H.","contributorId":61953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ammon, C.J.","contributorId":28389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammon","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033785,"text":"70033785 - 2011 - Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:34:13","indexId":"70033785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","docAbstract":"Mass loadings were calculated for four pesticides in two watersheds with different land uses in the Central Valley, California, by using two parametric models: (1) the Seasonal Wave model (SeaWave), in which a pulse signal is used to describe the annual cycle of pesticide occurrence in a stream, and (2) the Sine Wave model, in which first-order Fourier series sine and cosine terms are used to simulate seasonal mass loading patterns. The models were applied to data collected during water years 1997 through 2005. The pesticides modeled were carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, and molinate. Results from the two models show that the ability to capture seasonal variations in pesticide concentrations was affected by pesticide use patterns and the methods by which pesticides are transported to streams. Estimated seasonal loads compared well with results from previous studies for both models. Loads estimated by the two models did not differ significantly from each other, with the exceptions of carbaryl and molinate during the precipitation season, where loads were affected by application patterns and rainfall. However, in watersheds with variable and intermittent pesticide applications, the SeaWave model is more suitable for use on the basis of its robust capability of describing seasonal variation of pesticide concentrations. ?? 2010 American Water Resources Association. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D., Lorenz, D., and Domagalski, J.L., 2011, Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 2, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f849e4b0c8380cd4cfc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, D.K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":82748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032329,"text":"70032329 - 2011 - Landslide stability: Role of rainfall-induced, laterally propagating, pore-pressure waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032329","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslide stability: Role of rainfall-induced, laterally propagating, pore-pressure waves","docAbstract":"The Johnson Creek Landslide is a translational slide in seaward-dipping Miocene siltstone and sandstone (Astoria Formation) and an overlying Quaternary marine terrace deposit. The basal slide plane slopes sub-parallel to the dip of the Miocene rocks, except beneath the back-tilted toe block, where it slopes inland. Rainfall events raise pore-water pressure in the basal shear zone in the form of pulses of water pressure traveling laterally from the headwall graben down the axis of the slide at rates of 1-6 m/hr. Infiltration of meteoric water and vertical pressure transmission through the unsaturated zone has been measured at ~50 mm/hr. Infiltration and vertical pressure transmission were too slow to directly raise head at the basal shear zone prior to landslide movement. Only at the headwall graben was the saturated zone shallow enough for rainfall events to trigger lateral pulses of water pressure through the saturated zone. When pressure levels in the basal shear zone exceeded thresholds defined in this paper, the slide began slow, creeping movement as an intact block. As pressures exceeded thresholds for movement in more of the slide mass, movement accelerated, and differential displacement between internal slide blocks became more pronounced. Rainfall-induced pore-pressure waves are probably a common landslide trigger wherever effective hydraulic conductivity is high and the saturated zone is located near the surface in some part of a slide. An ancillary finding is apparently greater accuracy of grouted piezometers relative to those in sand packs for measurement of pore pressures at the installed depth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.17.4.315","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Priest, G.R., Schulz, W., Ellis, W., Allan, J., Niem, A.R., and Niem, W.A., 2011, Landslide stability: Role of rainfall-induced, laterally propagating, pore-pressure waves: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 17, no. 4, p. 315-335, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.17.4.315.","startPage":"315","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.17.4.315"},{"id":242677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4434e4b0c8380cd66943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Priest, G. R.","contributorId":19572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, W. L.","contributorId":40210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allan, J.A.","contributorId":30062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allan","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Niem, A. R.","contributorId":54984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Niem, W. A.","contributorId":40033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niem","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032670,"text":"70032670 - 2011 - Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-15T16:06:49","indexId":"70032670","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important hydrological process that can be studied and estimated at multiple spatial scales ranging from a leaf to a river basin. We present a review of methods in estimating basin scale ET and its applications in understanding basin water balance dynamics. The review focuses on two aspects of ET: (i) how the basin scale water balance approach is used to estimate ET; and (ii) how ‘direct’ measurement and modelling approaches are used to estimate basin scale ET. Obviously, the basin water balance-based ET requires the availability of good precipitation and discharge data to calculate ET as a residual on longer time scales (annual) where net storage changes are assumed to be negligible. ET estimated from such a basin water balance principle is generally used for validating the performance of ET models. On the other hand, many of the direct estimation methods involve the use of remotely sensed data to estimate spatially explicit ET and use basin-wide averaging to estimate basin scale ET. The direct methods can be grouped into soil moisture balance modelling, satellite-based vegetation index methods, and methods based on satellite land surface temperature measurements that convert potential ET into actual ET using a proportionality relationship. The review also includes the use of complementary ET estimation principles for large area applications. The review identifies the need to compare and evaluate the different ET approaches using standard data sets in basins covering different hydro-climatic regions of the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8379","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Leake, S., Nagler, P., Artan, G., Dickinson, J., Cordova, J., and Glenn, E.P., 2011, Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 26, p. 4037-4049, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8379.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4037","endPage":"4049","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8379"}],"volume":"25","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b0ee4b0c8380cd52540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S.","contributorId":90551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Artan, G.","contributorId":27262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dickinson, J.","contributorId":78562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordova, J.T.","contributorId":7511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032668,"text":"70032668 - 2011 - Latitudinal variation in reproductive strategies by the migratory Louisiana Waterthrush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032668","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latitudinal variation in reproductive strategies by the migratory Louisiana Waterthrush","docAbstract":"We evaluated hypotheses that seek to explain breeding strategies of the Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) that vary across a latitudinal gradient. On the basis of data from 418 nests of color-banded individuals in southwestern Pennsylvania and 700 km south in the Georgia Piedmont, we found that clutch size in replacement nests and probability of renesting were significantly greater in Pennsylvania (clutch size 4.4; renesting probability 0.66) than in Georgia (clutch size 3.8; renesting probability 0.54). Contrasts of the remaining measures of breeding were not statistically significant, and, in particular, mean daily nest survival in the two study areas was nearly identical (0.974 in Pennsylvania; 0.975 in Georgia). An individual-based model of fecundity (i.e., number of fledged young per adult female), predicted that approximately half of the females in both Pennsylvania and Georgia fledge at least one young, and mean values for fecundity in Pennsylvania and Georgia were 2.28 and 1.91, respectively. On the basis of greater support for the food-limitation hypothesis than for the season-length hypothesis, the trade-off between breeding in a region with more food but making a longer migration may be greater for waterthrushes breeding farther north than for those breeding farther south. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090212","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Mattsson, B., Latta, S., Cooper, R., and Mulvihill, R., 2011, Latitudinal variation in reproductive strategies by the migratory Louisiana Waterthrush: Condor, v. 113, no. 2, p. 412-418, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090212.","startPage":"412","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090212"},{"id":241659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4587e4b0c8380cd673cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattsson, B.J.","contributorId":82029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattsson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Latta, S.C.","contributorId":52800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latta","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulvihill, R.S.","contributorId":103098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032328,"text":"70032328 - 2011 - On the use of the beta distribution in probabilistic resource assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T15:46:17","indexId":"70032328","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the use of the beta distribution in probabilistic resource assessments","docAbstract":"The triangular distribution is a popular choice when it comes to modeling bounded continuous random variables. Its wide acceptance derives mostly from its simple analytic properties and the ease with which modelers can specify its three parameters through the extremes and the mode. On the negative side, hardly any real process follows a triangular distribution, which from the outset puts at a disadvantage any model employing triangular distributions. At a time when numerical techniques such as the Monte Carlo method are displacing analytic approaches in stochastic resource assessments, easy specification remains the most attractive characteristic of the triangular distribution. The beta distribution is another continuous distribution defined within a finite interval offering wider flexibility in style of variation, thus allowing consideration of models in which the random variables closely follow the observed or expected styles of variation. Despite its more complex definition, generation of values following a beta distribution is as straightforward as generating values following a triangular distribution, leaving the selection of parameters as the main impediment to practically considering beta distributions. This contribution intends to promote the acceptance of the beta distribution by explaining its properties and offering several suggestions to facilitate the specification of its two shape parameters. In general, given the same distributional parameters, use of the beta distributions in stochastic modeling may yield significantly different results, yet better estimates, than the triangular distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-011-9153-1","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., 2011, On the use of the beta distribution in probabilistic resource assessments: Natural Resources Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 377-388, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9153-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"388","ipdsId":"IP-027096","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214916,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9153-1"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6db0e4b0c8380cd7528e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032325,"text":"70032325 - 2011 - The distribution and abundance of a nuisance native alga, Didymosphen Didymosphenia geminata, in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032325","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution and abundance of a nuisance native alga, Didymosphen Didymosphenia geminata, in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications","docAbstract":"Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) is a freshwater alga native to North America, including Glacier National Park, Montana. It has long been considered a cold-water species, but has recently spread to lower latitudes and warmer waters, and increasingly forms large blooms that cover streambeds. We used a comprehensive monitoring data set from the National Park Service (NPS) and USGS models of stream temperatures to explore the drivers of didymo abundance in Glacier National Park. We estimate that approximately 64% of the stream length in the park contains didymo, with around 5% in a bloom state. Results suggest that didymo abundance likely increased over the study period (2007-2009), with blooms becoming more common. Our models suggest that didymo abundance is positively related to summer stream temperatures and negatively related to total nitrogen and the distance downstream from lakes. Regional climate model simulations indicate that stream temperatures in the park will likely continue to increase over the coming decades, which may increase the extent and severity of didymo blooms. As a result, didymo may be a useful indicator of thermal and hydrological modification associated with climate warming, especially in a relatively pristine system like Glacier where proximate human-related disturbances are absent or reduced. Glacier National Park plays an important role as a sentinel for climate change and associated education across the Rocky Mountain region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"William, S.E., Ashton, I., Muhlfeld, C., Jones, L., and Bahls, L., 2011, The distribution and abundance of a nuisance native alga, Didymosphen Didymosphenia geminata, in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications: Park Science, v. 28, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baacae4b08c986b3229f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"William, Schweiger E.","contributorId":60463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"William","given":"Schweiger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashton, I.W.","contributorId":101900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashton","given":"I.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhlfeld, C.C.","contributorId":97850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, L.A.","contributorId":38794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bahls, L.L.","contributorId":36208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahls","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033782,"text":"70033782 - 2011 - Mercury capture by selected Bulgarian fly ashes: Influence of coal rank and fly ash carbon pore structure on capture efficiency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033782","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury capture by selected Bulgarian fly ashes: Influence of coal rank and fly ash carbon pore structure on capture efficiency","docAbstract":"Mercury capture by fly ash C was investigated at five lignite- and subbituminous-coal-burning Bulgarian power plants (Republika, Bobov Dol, Maritza East 2, Maritza East 3, and Sliven). Although the C content of the ashes is low, never exceeding 1.6%, the Hg capture on a unit C basis demonstrates that the low-rank-coal-derived fly ash carbons are more efficient in capturing Hg than fly ash carbons from bituminous-fired power plants. While some low-C and low-Hg fly ashes do not reveal any trends of Hg versus C, the 2nd and, in particular, the 3rd electrostatic precipitator (ESP) rows at the Republika power plant do have sufficient fly ash C range and experience flue gas sufficiently cool to capture measurable amounts of Hg. The Republika 3rd ESP row exhibits an increase in Hg with increasing C, as observed in other power plants, for example, in Kentucky power plants burning Appalachian-sourced bituminous coals. Mercury/C decreases with an increase in fly ash C, suggesting that some of the C is isolated from the flue gas stream and does not contribute to Hg capture. Mercury capture increases with an increase in Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and micropore surface area. The differences in Hg capture between the Bulgarian plants burning low-rank coal and high volatile bituminous-fed Kentucky power plants suggests that the variations in C forms resulting from the combustion of the different ranks also influence the efficiency of Hg capture. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.10.009","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kostova, I., Hower, J., Mastalerz, M., and Vassilev, S., 2011, Mercury capture by selected Bulgarian fly ashes: Influence of coal rank and fly ash carbon pore structure on capture efficiency: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 1, p. 18-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.10.009.","startPage":"18","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214473,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.10.009"},{"id":242201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53eae4b0c8380cd6cdeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kostova, I.J.","contributorId":7096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostova","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vassilev, S.V.","contributorId":48777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vassilev","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033995,"text":"70033995 - 2011 - Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-30T19:19:43","indexId":"70033995","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA","docAbstract":"Nucleospora salmonis is an intranuclear microsporidian that primarily infects lymphoblast cells and contributes to chronic lymphoblastosis and a leukemia-like condition in a range of salmonid species. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of N. salmonis in out-migrating juvenile hatchery and wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss from the Snake River in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. To achieve this goal, we first addressed the following concerns about current molecular diagnostic tests for N. salmonis: (1) nonspecific amplification patterns by the published nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) test, (2) incomplete validation of the published quantitative PCR (qPCR) test, and (3) whether N. salmonis can be detected reliably from nonlethal samples. Here, we present an optimized nPCR protocol that eliminates nonspecific amplification. During validation of the published qPCR test, our laboratory developed a second qPCR test that targeted a different gene sequence and used different probe chemistry for comparison purposes. We simultaneously evaluated the two different qPCR tests for N. salmonis and found that both assays were highly specific, sensitive, and repeatable. The nPCR and qPCR tests had good overall concordance when DNA samples derived from both apparently healthy and clinically diseased hatchery rainbow trout were tested. Finally, we demonstrated that gill snips were a suitable tissue for nonlethal detection of N. salmonis DNA in juvenile salmonids. Monitoring of juvenile salmonid fish in the Snake River over a 3-year period revealed low prevalence of N. salmonis in hatchery and wild Chinook salmon and wild steelhead but significantly higher prevalence in hatchery-derived steelhead. Routine monitoring of N. salmonis is not performed for all hatchery steelhead populations. At present, the possible contribution of this pathogen to delayed mortality of steelhead has not been determined.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/08997659.2011.559418","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Badil, S., Elliott, D.G., Kurobe, T., Hedrick, R.P., Clemens, K., Blair, M., and Purcell, M., 2011, Comparative evaluation of molecular diagnostic tests for Nucleospora salmonis and prevalence in migrating juvenile salmonids from the Snake River, USA: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 23, no. 1, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2011.559418.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216776,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2011.559418"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80fe4b0c8380cd4ce67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Badil, Samantha","contributorId":63241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badil","given":"Samantha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurobe, Tomofumi","contributorId":97741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurobe","given":"Tomofumi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hedrick, Ronald P.","contributorId":86999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clemens, Kathy","contributorId":78172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blair, Marilyn","contributorId":44388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"Marilyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K.","contributorId":104214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034018,"text":"70034018 - 2011 - Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034018","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1012,"text":"Biogeosciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre","docAbstract":"Labile Fe(II) distributions were investigated in the Sub-Tropical South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean during the BONUS-GoodHope cruise from 34 to 57?? S (February-March 2008). Concentrations ranged from below the detection limit (0.009 nM) to values as high as 0.125 nM. In the surface mixed layer, labile Fe(II) concentrations were always higher than the detection limit, with values higher than 0.060 nM south of 47?? S, representing between 39% and 63% of dissolved Fe (DFe). Biological production was evidenced. At intermediate depth, local maxima were observed, with the highest values in the Sub-Tropical domain at around 200 m, and represented more than 70% of DFe. Remineralization processes were likely responsible for those sub-surface maxima. Below 1500 m, concentrations were close to or below the detection limit, except at two stations (at the vicinity of the Agulhas ridge and in the north of the Weddell Sea Gyre) where values remained as high as ???0.030-0.050 nM. Hydrothermal or sediment inputs may provide Fe(II) to these deep waters. Fe(II) half life times (t1/2) at 4 ??C were measured in the upper and deep waters and ranged from 2.9 to 11.3 min, and from 10.0 to 72.3 min, respectively. Measured values compared quite well in the upper waters with theoretical values from two published models, but not in the deep waters. This may be due to the lack of knowledge for some parameters in the models and/or to organic complexation of Fe(II) that impact its oxidation rates. This study helped to considerably increase the Fe(II) data set in the Ocean and to better understand the Fe redox cycle. ?? 2011 Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/bgd-8-4163-2011","issn":"18106277","usgsCitation":"Sarthou, G., Bucciarelli, E., Chever, F., Hansard, S., Gonzalez-Davila, M., Santana-Casiano, J.M., Planchon, F., and Speich, S., 2011, Labile Fe(II) concentrations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre: Biogeosciences Discussions, v. 8, no. 2, p. 4163-4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-4163-2011.","startPage":"4163","endPage":"4208","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475396,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-4163-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216628,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-4163-2011"},{"id":244509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40f7e4b0c8380cd651bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarthou, G.","contributorId":62434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarthou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucciarelli, E.","contributorId":49631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucciarelli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chever, F.","contributorId":44383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chever","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansard, S.P.","contributorId":19391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansard","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gonzalez-Davila, M.","contributorId":7532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez-Davila","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santana-Casiano, J. M.","contributorId":36386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santana-Casiano","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Planchon, F.","contributorId":50755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planchon","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Speich, S.","contributorId":69816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speich","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70005579,"text":"70005579 - 2011 - Informal and formal trail monitoring protocols and baseline conditions: Acadia National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T13:33:34","indexId":"70005579","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Informal and formal trail monitoring protocols and baseline conditions: Acadia National Park","docAbstract":"At Acadia National Park, changing visitor use levels and patterns have contributed to an increasing degree of visitor use impacts to natural and cultural resources. To better understand the extent and severity of these resource impacts and identify effective management techniques, the park sponsored this research to develop monitoring protocols, collect baseline data, and identify suggestions for management strategies. Formal and informal trails were surveyed and their resource conditions were assessed and characterized to support park planning and management decision-making.","language":"English","publisher":"Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources & Environment","publisherLocation":"Blacksburg, VA","usgsCitation":"Marion, J.L., Wimpey, J.F., and Park, L., 2011, Informal and formal trail monitoring protocols and baseline conditions: Acadia National Park, iii, 95 p.","productDescription":"iii, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"98","ipdsId":"IP-030097","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc7fe4b06d80b7af6ab9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wimpey, Jeremy F.","contributorId":83769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimpey","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, L.","contributorId":36269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034009,"text":"70034009 - 2011 - Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:30:40","indexId":"70034009","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent declines in black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) are likely the result of low recruitment. In geese, recruitment is strongly affected by habitat conditions experienced by broods because gosling growth rates are indicative of forage conditions during brood rearing and strongly influence future survival and productivity. In 2006–2008, we studied gosling growth at 3 of the 4 major colonies on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Estimates of age‐adjusted gosling mass at the 2 southern colonies (approx. 30% of the world population of breeding black brant) was low (gosling mass at 30.5 days ranged 346.7 ± 42.5 g to 627.1 ± 15.9 g) in comparison to a third colony (gosling mass at 30.5 days ranged 640.0 ± 8.3 g to 821.6 ± 13.6 g) and to most previous estimates of age‐adjusted mass of brant goslings. Thus, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that poor gosling growth is negatively influencing the brant population. There are 2 non‐mutually exclusive explanations for the apparent growth rates we observed. First, the population decline may have been caused by density‐independent factors and habitat capacity has declined along with the population as a consequence of the unique foraging feedback between brant and their grazing habitats. Alternatively, a reduction in habitat capacity, as a result of changes to the grazing system, may have negatively influenced gosling growth, which is contributing to the overall long‐term population decline. We found support for both explanations. For colonies over habitat capacity we recommend management to enhance foraging habitat, whereas for colonies below habitat capacity we recommend management to increase nesting productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.24","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Fondell, T., Flint, P.L., Sedinger, J., Nicolai, C., and Schamber, J., 2011, Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 101-108, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.24.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.24"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf0e4b0c8380cd63182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, J.S.","contributorId":75471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nicolai, C.A.","contributorId":17420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolai","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schamber, J.L.","contributorId":92012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032302,"text":"70032302 - 2011 - Data logging of body temperatures provides precise information on phenology of reproductive events in a free-living arctic hibernator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T20:03:39","indexId":"70032302","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2226,"text":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data logging of body temperatures provides precise information on phenology of reproductive events in a free-living arctic hibernator","docAbstract":"Precise measures of phenology are critical to understanding how animals organize their annual cycles and how individuals and populations respond to climate-induced changes in physical and ecological stressors. We show that patterns of core body temperature (T b) can be used to precisely determine the timing of key seasonal events including hibernation, mating and parturition, and immergence and emergence from the hibernacula in free-living arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii). Using temperature loggers that recorded T b every 20 min for up to 18 months, we monitored core T b from three females that subsequently gave birth in captivity and from 66 female and 57 male ground squirrels free-living in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range Alaska. In addition, dates of emergence from hibernation were visually confirmed for four free-living male squirrels. Average T b in captive females decreased by 0.5–1.0°C during gestation and abruptly increased by 1–1.5°C on the day of parturition. In free-living females, similar shifts in T b were observed in 78% (n = 9) of yearlings and 94% (n = 31) of adults; females without the shift are assumed not to have given birth. Three of four ground squirrels for which dates of emergence from hibernation were visually confirmed did not exhibit obvious diurnal rhythms in T b until they first emerged onto the surface when T b patterns became diurnal. In free-living males undergoing reproductive maturation, this pre-emergence euthermic interval averaged 20.4 days (n = 56). T b-loggers represent a cost-effective and logistically feasible method to precisely investigate the phenology of reproduction and hibernation in ground squirrels.
Until relatively recently the importance of fire and the origin of fire-adaptive traits have received minimal attention from paleoecologists, and appreciation of this importance has varied across the different mediterranean-type climate (MTC) ecosystems. For example, Axelrod (1973) and Raven & Axelrod (1978) wrote extensive treatises on the origins of the California flora, and yet gave little or no mention to the issue of fire in the evolution of these taxa. Hopper (2009) suggests that fire has only been an incidental factor in the evolution of the Western Australian flora. These investigators have weighed climate and soils far above fire as an important evolutionary driver in these plant assemblages and have downplayed this component of community assembly (see Fig. 1.4).
Axelrod (1989) even went so far as to suggest fire was irrelevant to the evolution of California chaparral. Although he acknowledged that fire could have played a role in the spread of chaparral-like vegetation during the late Tertiary (2–10 Ma), he insisted that fire had played no significant role in the origin of “adaptive types.” In his view, “Several lines of evidence suggest that the modern fire-adapted taxa may not reflect an evolutionary response to fire. The diverse adaptations to fire probably represent features that originated without the stimulus of fire. . .” Contrary to this belief, we suggest there is sufficient reason to accept a fire origin for many fire-adaptive traits in mediterranean-type vegetation (MTV), and that fire has been a potential ecosystem process on landscapes far longer than the late Tertiary (Bowman et al. 2009; Pausas & Keeley 2009).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139033091.012","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R.A., Pausas, J.G., and Rundel, P.W., 2011, Fire-adaptive trait evolution, chap. 9 of Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management, p. 233-274, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139033091.012.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"274","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018787","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fece4b0824b2d1479e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradstock, Ross A.","contributorId":42826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradstock","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pausas, Juli G.","contributorId":91347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pausas","given":"Juli","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156825,"text":"70156825 - 2011 - Lead in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T16:08:26.580937","indexId":"70156825","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"16","title":"Lead in birds","docAbstract":"Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal that acts as a nonspecific poison affecting all body systems and has no known biological requirement. Absorption of low concentrations may result in a wide range of sublethal effects in animals, and higher concentrations may result in mortality (Demayo et al. 1982).
Lead has been mined and smelted by humans for centuries, but the use of lead-based products increased greatly following the Industrial Revolution. Consequently, lead today is ubiquitous in air, water, and soil, in both urban and rural environments (Eisler 2000). Vertebrates are exposed to lead mainly via inhalation and ingestion. A proportion of lead entering the body is absorbed into the bloodstream and subsequently becomes distributed among body tissues, primarily the blood, liver, kidney, and bone. As a result of anthropogenic activities, most animals have higher tissue lead concentrations than in preindustrialized times. Although even very low tissue lead concentrations have some measurable physiological effects, the concentrations usually encountered in the wider environment (i.e., distant from lead emission sources) have not generally been considered to directly affect survival of most wildlife.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental contaminants in biota: Interpreting tissue concentrations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1201/b10598-17","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., and Pain, D.J., 2011, Lead in birds, chap. 16 of Environmental contaminants in biota: Interpreting tissue concentrations, p. 563-593, https://doi.org/10.1201/b10598-17.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"593","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013312","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b10598-17","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fece4b0824b2d1479e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570717,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, James Parnell","contributorId":147196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meador","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Parnell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570718,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pain, Deborah J.","contributorId":147195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pain","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157539,"text":"70157539 - 2011 - The Rakiura Titi Islands Restoration Project: Community action to eradicate Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans for ecological restoration and cultural wellbeing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T17:44:53.514103","indexId":"70157539","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"The Rakiura Titi Islands Restoration Project: Community action to eradicate Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans for ecological restoration and cultural wellbeing","title":"The Rakiura Titi Islands Restoration Project: Community action to eradicate Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans for ecological restoration and cultural wellbeing","docAbstract":"In 2003, a non-profit group, Ka Mate Nga Kiore, was set up to oversee the restoration of four Maori-owned islands off the south coast of Stewart Island, New Zealand. The first step in the restoration was to eradicate ship rats (Rattus rattus) from three islands and Pacific rats (R. exulans) from another. The eradication was funded by the Command Oil Spill Trustee Council which managed the mitigation money from an oil spill off the Californian coast in 1998. The funding was coordinated via Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, a non-profit USA group primarily involved in seabird research and restoration. The project was primarily to benefit sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus) and to sustain a culturally important customary harvest of their chicks by Rakiura Maori. However, like all island eradications, a wide range of other species also benefited from the removal of rats. The New Zealand Department of Conservation provided technical advice and assistance for the planning and implementation of the eradication programme. This paper describes how, with appropriate funding, community and technical support, rodent eradications can be achieved on private islands. In this case, a range of institutions and individuals joined to achieve a common goal that highlighted a significant international conservation action. We urge that more international and local-community-led restoration projects be initiated in the future.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Island invasives: Eradication and management: Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Island invasives: Eradication and management","conferenceDate":"2011","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN, Gland and the Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity (CBB)","usgsCitation":"McClelland, P.J., Coote, R., Trow, M., Hutchins, P., Nevins, H.M., Adams, J., Newman, J., and Moller, H., 2011, The Rakiura Titi Islands Restoration Project: Community action to eradicate Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans for ecological restoration and cultural wellbeing, in Island invasives: Eradication and management: Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives, 2011, p. 451-454.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"454","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025406","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Rakiura Titi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 167.310791015625,\n -47.353710619513606\n ],\n [\n 168.24462890625,\n -47.353710619513606\n ],\n [\n 168.24462890625,\n -46.61926103617151\n ],\n [\n 167.310791015625,\n -46.61926103617151\n ],\n [\n 167.310791015625,\n -47.353710619513606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703fe4b058f706e5196a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Veitch, C.R.","contributorId":101909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veitch","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573497,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clout, Mike N.","contributorId":146880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clout","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573498,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Towns, D. 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However, they are insufficient to predict ecosystem responses to fire without a detailed understanding of the fire regime (see Fig. 2.7). Different fire regimes have very different potentials for recovery and place very different premiums on specific plant traits. For example, those traits contributing to the persistence of species in crown fire regimes will often be very different from those in surface fire regimes. In short, organisms are not adapted to fire per se, but rather to a particular fire regime. Plant traits that are adaptive in fire-prone environments are discussed here. The evolution of such traits and the extent to which they represent adaptations to fire are considered in Chapter 9.
Plant populations exhibit four modes of recovery following fire:
endogenous regeneration from resprouts or fire-triggered seedling recruitment,
delayed seedling recruitment from postfire resprout seed production,
delayed seedling recruitment from in situ surviving parent plants, or
colonization from unburned metapopulations.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of fish physiology","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374553-8.00108-8","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., 2011, THE SKIN | Functional morphology of the integumentary system in fishes, chap. of Encyclopedia of fish physiology, p. 476-488, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374553-8.00108-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"488","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb690e4b058f706e53c2f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Farrell, Anthony P.","contributorId":112534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"Anthony P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156446,"text":"70156446 - 2011 - Biological phosphorus cycling in dryland regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T16:12:11.817895","indexId":"70156446","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biological phosphorus cycling in dryland regions","docAbstract":"The relatively few studies done on phosphorus (P) cycling in arid and semiarid lands (drylands) show many factors that distinguish P cycling in drylands from that in more mesic regions. In drylands, most biologically relevant P inputs and losses are from the deposition and loss of dust. Horizontal and vertical redistribution of P is an important process. P is concentrated at the soil surface and thus vulnerable to loss via erosion. High pH and CaCO3 limit P bioavailability, and low rainfall limits microbe and plant ability to free abiotically bound P via exudates, thus making it available for uptake. Many invasive plants are able to access recalcitrant P more effectively than are native plants. As P availability depends on soil moisture and temperature, climate change is expected to have large impacts on P cycling.
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