This review summarises and evaluates the present knowledge on the behaviour, the biological effects and the routes of uptake of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to organisms, with considerations on the nanoparticle physicochemistry in the ecotoxicity testing systems used. Different types of Ag NP syntheses, characterisation techniques and predicted current and future concentrations in the environment are also outlined.
Rapid progress in this area has been made over the last few years, but there is still a critical lack of understanding of the need for characterisation and synthesis in environmental and ecotoxicological studies. Concentration and form of nanomaterials in the environment are difficult to quantify and methodological progress is needed, although sophisticated exposure models show that predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) for Ag NPs in different environmental compartments are at the range of ng L− 1 to mg kg− 1. The ecotoxicological literature shows that concentrations of Ag NPs below the current and future PECs, as low as just a few ng L− 1, can affect prokaryotes, invertebrates and fish indicating a significant potential, though poorly characterised, risk to the environment. Mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood although it seems clear that in some cases nanoscale specific properties may cause biouptake and toxicity over and above that caused by the dissolved Ag ion.
This review concludes with a set of recommendations for the advancement of understanding of the role of nanoscale silver in environmental and ecotoxicological research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.012","usgsCitation":"Fabrega, J., Luoma, S.N., Tyler, C.R., Galloway, T., and Lead, J.R., 2011, Silver nanoparticles: Behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment: Environment International, v. 37, no. 2, p. 517-531, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"531","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/08ab172fdda74272bc0d63b279b9f05b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":371410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrega, Julia","contributorId":221693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fabrega","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyler, Charles R.","contributorId":170025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galloway, Tamara","contributorId":221694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galloway","given":"Tamara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lead, Jamie R.","contributorId":41331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lead","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207955,"text":"70207955 - 2011 - Crude oil at the Bemidji Site: 25 years of monitoring, modeling, and understanding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T09:09:03","indexId":"70207955","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T09:07:18","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Crude oil at the Bemidji Site: 25 years of monitoring, modeling, and understanding","title":"Crude oil at the Bemidji Site: 25 years of monitoring, modeling, and understanding","docAbstract":"The fate of hydrocarbons in the subsurface near Bemidji, Minnesota, has been investigated by a multidisciplinary group of scientists for over a quarter century. Research at Bemidji has involved extensive investigations of multiphase flow and transport, volatilization, dissolution, geochemical interactions, microbial populations, and biodegradation with the goal of providing an improved understanding of the natural processes limiting the extent of hydrocarbon contamination. A considerable volume of oil remains in the subsurface today despite 30 years of natural attenuation and 5 years of pump‐and‐skim remediation. Studies at Bemidji were among the first to document the importance of anaerobic biodegradation processes for hydrocarbon removal and remediation by natural attenuation. Spatial variability of hydraulic properties was observed to influence subsurface oil and water flow, vapor diffusion, and the progression of biodegradation. Pore‐scale capillary pressure‐saturation hysteresis and the presence of fine‐grained sediments impeded oil flow, causing entrapment and relatively large residual oil saturations. Hydrocarbon attenuation and plume extent was a function of groundwater flow, compound‐specific volatilization, dissolution and biodegradation rates, and availability of electron acceptors. Simulation of hydrocarbon fate and transport affirmed concepts developed from field observations, and provided estimates of field‐scale reaction rates and hydrocarbon mass balance. Long‐term field studies at Bemidji have illustrated that the fate of hydrocarbons evolves with time, and a snap‐shot study of a hydrocarbon plume may not provide information that is of relevance to the long‐term behavior of the plume during natural attenuation.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es2007148","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Hsu-Kim, H., Ryan, J., and Alvarez, P., 2011, Guest comment: Nanoscale metal−organic matter interactions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3194-3195, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2007148.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3194","endPage":"3195","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":208828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsu-Kim, Heileen","contributorId":178880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu-Kim","given":"Heileen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joe","contributorId":194254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alvarez, Pedro F.","contributorId":42517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Pedro F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207951,"text":"70207951 - 2011 - A tree-ring reconstruction of the salinity gradient in the northern estuary of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T08:32:43","indexId":"70207951","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T08:27:20","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tree-ring reconstruction of the salinity gradient in the northern estuary of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Increasing salinity loading in the Colorado River has become a major concern for agricultural and municipal water supplies. The Colorado Salinity Control Act was implemented in 1974 to protect and enhance the quality of water in the Colorado River Basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Salinity Control Forum, summarized salinity reductions in the McElmo Creek basin in southwest Colorado as a result of salinity-control modifications and flow-regime changes that result from the Dolores Project, which consists of the construction of McPhee reservoir on the Dolores River and salinity control modifications along the irrigation water delivery system.
Flow-adjusted salinity trends using S-LOADEST estimations for a streamgage on McElmo Creek (site 1), that represents outflow from the basin, indicates a decrease in salinity load by 39,800 tons from water year 1978 through water year 2006, which is an average decrease of 1,370 tons per year for the 29-year period. Annual-load calculations for a streamgage on Mud Creek (site 6), that represents outflow from a tributary basin, indicate a decrease of 7,300 tons from water year 1982 through water year 2006, which is an average decrease of 292 tons per year for the 25-year period. The streamgage Dolores River at Dolores, CO (site 17) was chosen to represent a background site that is not affected by the Dolores Project. Annual load calculations for site 17 estimated a decrease of about 8,600 tons from water year 1978 through water year 2006, which is an average decrease of 297 tons per year for the 29-year period. The trend in salinity load at site 17 was considered to be representative of a natural trend in the region.
Typically, salinity concentrations at outflow sites decreased from the pre-Dolores Project period (water years 1978—1984) to the post-Dolores Project period (water years 2000—2006). The median salinity concentration for site 1 (main basin outflow) decreased from 2,210 milligrams per liter per day in the preperiod to 2,110 milligrams per liter per day in the postperiod. The median salinity concentration for site 6 (tributary outflow) increased from 3,370 milligrams per liter per day in the preperiod to 3,710 milligrams per liter per day in the postperiod. Salinity concentrations typically increased at inflow sites from the preperiod to the postperiod. Salinity concentrations increased from 178 milligrams per liter per day during the preperiod at Main Canal #1 (site 16) to 227 milligrams per liter per day during the postperiod at the Dolores Tunnel Outlet near Dolores, CO (site 15).
Calculation of the historical flow regime in McElmo Creek was done using a water-budget analysis of the basin. During water years 2000—2006, an estimated 845,000 acre-feet of water was consumed by crops and did not return to the creek as streamflow. The remaining 76,000 acre-feet, or 10,900 acre-feet per year for the 7-year postperiod, was assumed to represent a historical flow condition. The historical flow of 10,900 acre-feet per year is equivalent to 15.1 cubic feet per second.
Average total dissolved solids concentrations for water in each type of sedimentary rock were used to estimate natural salinity loads. Most surface-water sites used to fit the criteria needed to achieve a natural TDS concentration were springs. An average spring TDS value for sandstones geology in the basin was 350 milligrams per liter, and the average value for Mancos Shale geology was 4,000 milligrams per liter. The natural salinity loads in McElmo Creek were estimated to be 29,100 tons per year, which is 43 percent of the salinity load that was calculated for the postperiod.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105218","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Richards, R.J., and Leib, K.J., 2011, Characterization of hydrology and salinity in the Dolores project area, McElmo Creek region, southwest Colorado, water years 1978-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5218, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105218.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423544,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5218.bmp"},{"id":19187,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"McElmo Creek region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.25,\n 37.6667\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -108.3333,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -108.3333,\n 37.6667\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 37.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a4e4b07f02db5c0696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Rodney J. 0000-0003-3953-984X rjrichar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-984X","contributorId":2204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Rodney","email":"rjrichar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209426,"text":"70209426 - 2011 - The effects of wetland restoration on mercury bioaccumulation in the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project: Using the biosentinel toolbox to monitor changes across multiple habitats and spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-07T11:54:31.188408","indexId":"70209426","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-07T06:42:43","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The effects of wetland restoration on mercury bioaccumulation in the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project: Using the biosentinel toolbox to monitor changes across multiple habitats and spatial scales","docAbstract":"The project was initiated in April 2010, and to date has included four sampling events of surface water (April, May, June/July, and August 2010) and five sampling events of biota (April, May, June/July, August, and September 2010) and three sampling events for surface sediment (May, June/July, and August 2010). This annual report briefly summarizes our progress to date.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Summary report for fate and effects of remnant oil remaining in the beach environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"United States Coast Guard","collaboration":"United States Coast Guard, Operational Science Advisory Team-2","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., and Widdowson, M.A., 2011, Modeling the fate and transport of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the saturated zone, Grand Isle, Louisiana, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":373774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.restorethegulf.gov/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/Annex%20D%20SEAM3D%20(2).pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana ","otherGeospatial":"Grand Isle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.04703521728516,\n 29.199224392750896\n ],\n [\n -90.04016876220703,\n 29.195627974328577\n ],\n [\n -90.01888275146484,\n 29.21540671432929\n ],\n [\n -89.9831771850586,\n 29.2333840743525\n ],\n [\n -89.95193481445312,\n 29.251058733968815\n ],\n [\n -89.94644165039062,\n 29.26543586583225\n ],\n [\n -89.95502471923828,\n 29.2738215926495\n ],\n [\n -89.97184753417969,\n 29.2651363628668\n ],\n [\n -89.98523712158203,\n 29.263938342231818\n ],\n [\n -89.9941635131836,\n 29.25854707567442\n ],\n [\n -89.99862670898438,\n 29.24446853982615\n ],\n [\n -90.01235961914061,\n 29.233683670282787\n ],\n [\n -90.0216293334961,\n 29.230987275348557\n ],\n [\n -90.03158569335938,\n 29.218403160129743\n ],\n [\n -90.03982543945312,\n 29.208214886852588\n ],\n [\n -90.04703521728516,\n 29.199224392750896\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, Mark A.","contributorId":90379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074338,"text":"70074338 - 2011 - Quantifying solute transport processes: Are chemically \"conservative\" tracers electrically conservative?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T09:59:44","indexId":"70074338","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-04T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying solute transport processes: Are chemically \"conservative\" tracers electrically conservative?","docAbstract":"The concept of a nonreactive or conservative tracer, commonly invoked in investigations of solute transport, requires additional study in the context of electrical geophysical monitoring. Tracers that are commonly considered conservative may undergo reactive processes, such as ion exchange, thus changing the aqueous composition of the system. As a result, the measured electrical conductivity may reflect not only solute transport but also reactive processes. We have evaluated the impacts of ion exchange reactions, rate-limited mass transfer, and surface conduction on quantifying tracer mass, mean arrival time, and temporal variance in laboratory-scale column experiments. Numerical examples showed that (1) ion exchange can lead to resistivity-estimated tracer mass, velocity, and dispersivity that may be inaccurate; (2) mass transfer leads to an overestimate in the mobile tracer mass and an underestimate in velocity when using electrical methods; and (3) surface conductance does not notably affect estimated moments when high-concentration tracers are used, although this phenomenon may be important at low concentrations or in sediments with high and/or spatially variable cation-exchange capacity. In all cases, colocated groundwater concentration measurements are of high importance for interpreting geophysical data with respect to the controlling transport processes of interest.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3511356","usgsCitation":"Singha, K., Li, L., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Regberg, A.B., 2011, Quantifying solute transport processes: Are chemically \"conservative\" tracers electrically conservative?: Geophysics, v. 76, no. 1, p. F53-F63, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3511356.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"F53","endPage":"F63","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-022860","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6ec9e4b0b29085105ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Li","contributorId":107607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regberg, Aaron B.","contributorId":19074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regberg","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046514,"text":"70046514 - 2011 - Integrating field observations and inverse and forward modeling: application at a site with acidic, heavy-metal-contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T09:47:43","indexId":"70046514","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Integrating field observations and inverse and forward modeling: application at a site with acidic, heavy-metal-contaminated groundwater","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemical modeling of groundwater: vadose and geothermal systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Leiden","isbn":"9780415668101; 9781439870532","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., and Brown, J.G., 2011, Integrating field observations and inverse and forward modeling: application at a site with acidic, heavy-metal-contaminated groundwater, chap. 8 of Geochemical modeling of groundwater: vadose and geothermal systems, v. 6, p. 181-233.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"233","ipdsId":"IP-030289","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2011/glynn_2011.pdf#page=23"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b475e4b0702d0e844b44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, James G.","contributorId":81094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044656,"text":"70044656 - 2011 - Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T15:08:37","indexId":"70044656","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:54:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":292,"text":"Technical Information Record","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"TIR-2","title":"Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM","docAbstract":"Two hydrologic models, MODFLOW with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) and the Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM), are compared with respect to each model’s capabilities of simulating land-use hydrologic processes, surface-water routing, and groundwater flow. Of major concern among the land-use processes was the consumption of water through evaporation and transpiration by plants. The comparison of MF-FMP and IWFM was conducted and completed using a realistic hypothetical case study. Both models simulate the water demand for water-accounting units resulting from evapotranspiration and inefficiency losses and, for irrigated units, the supply from surface-water deliveries and groundwater pumpage. The MF-FMP simulates reductions in evapotranspiration owing to anoxia and wilting, and separately considers land-use-related evaporation and transpiration; IWFM simulates reductions in evapotranspiration related to the depletion of soil moisture. The models simulate inefficiency losses from precipitation and irrigation water applications to runoff and deep percolation differently. MF-FMP calculates the crop irrigation requirement and total farm delivery requirement, and then subtracts inefficiency losses from runoff and deep percolation. In IWFM, inefficiency losses to surface runoff from irrigation and precipitation are computed and subtracted from the total irrigation and precipitation before the crop irrigation requirement is estimated. Inefficiency losses in terms of deep percolation are computed simultaneously with the crop irrigation requirement. The seepage from streamflow routing also is computed differently and can affect certain hydrologic settings and magnitudes ofstreamflow infiltration. MF-FMP assumes steady-state conditions in the root zone; therefore, changes in soil moisture within the root zone are not calculated. IWFM simulates changes in the root zone in both irrigated and non-irrigated natural vegetation. Changes in soil moisture are more significant for non-irrigated natural vegetation areas than in the irrigated areas. Therefore, to facilitate the comparison of models, the changes in soil moisture are only simulated by IWFM for the natural vegetation areas, and soil-moisture parameters in irrigated regions in IWFM were specified at constant values . The IWFM total simulated changes in soil moisture that are related to natural vegetation areas vary from stress period to stress period but are small over the entire two-year period of simulation. In the hypothetical case study, IWFM simulates more evapotranspiration and return flows and less streamflow infiltration than MF-FMP. This causes more simulated surface-water diversions upstream and less simulated water available to downstream farms in IWFM compared to MF-FMP. The evapotranspiration simulated by the two models is well correlated even though the quantity is different. The different approaches used to simulate soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and inefficient losses yield different results for deep percolation and pumpage. In IWFM, deep percolation is a function of soil moisture; therefore, the constant soil-moisture requirement for irrigated regions, assumed for this comparison, results in a constant deep percolation rate. This led to poor correlation with the variable deep percolation rates simulated in MF-FMP, where the deep percolation rate, a fraction of inefficiency losses from precipitation and irrigation, is a function of quasi-steady state infiltration for each soil type and a function of groundwater head. Similarly, the larger simulated evapotranspiration in IWFM is mainly responsible for larger simulated groundwater pumpage demands and related lower groundwater levels in IWFM compared to MF-FMP. Because of the differences in features between MF-FMP and IWFM, the user may find that for certain hydrologic settings one model is better suited than the other. The performance of MF-FMP and IWFM in this particular hypothetical test case, with a fixed framework composed of common initial and boundary conditions and input parameter values, does not necessarily predict the performance of MF-FMP and IWFM in a real-world situation with variable framework and parameter values. These differences may affect the evaluation of policies, projects, or water-balance analysis for some hydrologic settings. Generally, both models are powerful tools that simulate a connected system of aquifer, stream networks, land surface, root zone, and runoff processes. MF-FMP simulated the hypothetical test case in about 4 minutes compared to about 58 minutes for IWFM.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Schmid, W., Dogural, E., Hanson, R.T., Kadir, T., and Chung, F., 2011, Comparison of simulations of land-use specific water demand and irrigation water supply by MF-FMP and IWFM: Technical Information Record TIR-2, xii, 68 p.","productDescription":"xii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"80","ipdsId":"IP-001273","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275588,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://baydeltaoffice.water.ca.gov/modeling/hydrology/IWFM/Publications/downloadables/Reports/IWFM%20and%20MF-FMP%20TIR-2%20(USGS-DWR%20Nov2011).pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e061e4b0cecbe8fa9860","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dogural, Emin","contributorId":20629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dogural","given":"Emin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kadir, Tariq","contributorId":26208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadir","given":"Tariq","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chung, Francis","contributorId":54488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146224,"text":"70146224 - 2011 - Recent and historic drivers of landscape change in the Everglades ridge, slough, and Tree Island mosaic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T13:06:19","indexId":"70146224","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent and historic drivers of landscape change in the Everglades ridge, slough, and Tree Island mosaic","docAbstract":"More than half of the original Everglades extent formed a patterned peat mosaic of elevated ridges, lower and more open sloughs, and tree islands aligned parallel to the dominant flow direction. This ecologically important landscape structure remained in a dynamic equilibrium for millennia prior to rapid degradation over the past century in response to human manipulation of the hydrologic system. Restoration of the patterned landscape structure is one of the primary objectives of the Everglades restoration effort. Recent research has revealed that three main drivers regulated feedbacks that initiated and maintained landscape structure: the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water depths, surface and subsurface flow, and phosphorus supply. Causes of recent degradation include but are not limited to perturbations to these historically important controls; shifts in mineral and sulfate supply may have also contributed to degradation. Restoring predrainage hydrologic conditions will likely preserve remaining landscape pattern structure, provided a sufficient supply of surface water with low nutrient and low total dissolved solids content exists to maintain a rainfall-driven water chemistry. However, because of hysteresis in landscape evolution trajectories, restoration of areas with a fully degraded landscape could require additional human intervention.
","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.531219","usgsCitation":"Larsen, L., Nicholas Aumen, Bernhardt, C.E., Engel, V., Givnish, T.J., S Hagerthey, P.M., Harvey, J., Leonard, L., McCormick, P., McVoy, C., Noe, G.E., Nungesser, M.K., Rutchey, K., Sklar, F., Troxler, T.G., Volin, J.C., and Willard, D.A., 2011, Recent and historic drivers of landscape change in the Everglades ridge, slough, and Tree Island mosaic: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 344-381, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.531219.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"381","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019250","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299668,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643389.2010.531219#.VJG9x_nF9qN"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a30e4b0b22a157fa0ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G. lglarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","email":"lglarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholas Aumen","contributorId":140210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholas Aumen","affiliations":[{"id":13414,"text":"Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, Vic 0000-0002-3858-7308","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":140213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engel","given":"Vic","affiliations":[{"id":13415,"text":"Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Givnish, Thomas J.","contributorId":49648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givnish","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"S Hagerthey, P McCormick","contributorId":140211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"S Hagerthey","given":"P","email":"","middleInitial":"McCormick","affiliations":[{"id":7036,"text":"South Florida Water Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - 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Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nungesser, Martha K.","contributorId":43254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nungesser","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rutchey, K.","contributorId":35825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutchey","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sklar, Fred","contributorId":72295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sklar","given":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Troxler, Tiffany G.","contributorId":140212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troxler","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Volin, John C.","contributorId":39226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70047281,"text":"70047281 - 2011 - Carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry of a Prairie Pothole Wetland, Stutsman County, North Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-28T14:20:30","indexId":"70047281","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T14:01:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry of a Prairie Pothole Wetland, Stutsman County, North Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"The concentration and form of dissolved organic C (DOC) and N species (NH4+ and NO3-) were investigated as part of a larger hydrogeochemical study of the Cottonwood Lake Study Area within the Prairie Potholes region. Groundwater, pore water and surface wetland water data were used to help characterize the relationships between surface and groundwater with respect to nutrient dynamics. Photosynthesis and subsequent decomposition of vegetation in these hydrologically dynamic wetlands generates a large amount of dissolved C and N, although the subsurface till, derived in part from organic matter rich Pierre Shale, is a likely secondary source of nutrients in deeper groundwater. While surface water DOC concentrations ranged from 2.2 to 4.6 mM, groundwater values were 0.15 mM to 3.7 mM. Greater specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) in the wetland water column and in soil pore waters relative to groundwater indicate more reactive DOC in the surface to near-surface waters. Circumneutral wetlands had greater SUVA254, possibly because of variations in vegetation communities. The dominant inorganic nitrogen species was NH4+ in both wetland water and most ground water samples. The exceptions were 3 wells with NO3- ranging from 38 to 115 μM. Shallow groundwater wells (Well 28 and Well 13S) with greater connection to wetland surface water had greater NH4+ concentrations (1.1 mM and 120 μM) than other well samples (3–90 μM). Pore water nutrient chemistry was more similar to surface water than ground water. Nitrogen results suggest reducing conditions in both groundwater and surface water, possibly due to the microbial uptake of O2 by decaying vegetation in the wetland water column, labile organic C available in shallow groundwater, or the oxidation of pyrite associated with the subsurface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.025","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J.M., Goldhaber, M.B., and Mills, C., 2011, Carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry of a Prairie Pothole Wetland, Stutsman County, North Dakota, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, supplement, p. 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PRMS is a deterministic, distributed-parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land cover on streamflow and multiple intermediate hydrologic states. Precipitation and temperature output from five general circulation models (GCMs) using one current and three future climate-change scenarios were statistically downscaled for input into PRMS. Projections of urbanization through 2050 derived for the Flint River basin by the Forecasting Scenarios of Future Land-Cover (FORE-SCE) land-cover change model were also used as input to PRMS. Comparison of the central tendency of streamflow simulated based on the three climate-change scenarios showed a slight decrease in overall streamflow relative to simulations under current conditions, mostly caused by decreases in the surface- runoff and groundwater components. The addition of information about forecasted urbanization of land surfaces to the hydrologic simulation mitigated the decreases in streamflow, mainly by increasing surface runoff.
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The time frame for natural attenuation of crude oil contamination in the subsurface has been studied for the last 27 years at a spill site located near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA. Data from the
groundwater contaminant plume show that dissolved benzene concentrations adjacent to the oil decreased by 50% between 1993 and 2007. To assess how this decrease is related to benzene
concentrations in the crude oil, samples of oil were bailed from floating oil in five wells and analysed for volatile components. Compared to reference oil collected from the pipeline in 1984, benzene
concentrations in the well located farthest downgradient in the oil have decreased an average of 50%. Benzene and ethylbenzene depletion are linearly correlated with oil saturation in the pore space
suggesting that dissolution is the primary removal mechanism and biodegradation within the oil body is insignificant.
No abstract available.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Compositional Data Analysis, Girona, Spain: International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"CODAWORK '11: 4th international workshop on compositional data analysis","conferenceLocation":" Girona, Spain","language":"English","isbn":"978-84-87867-76-7","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Martin-Fernandez, J.M., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Lamothe, P.J., Bothner, M., Olea, R.A., Kolker, A., and Tate, M., 2011, Source apportionment of atmospheric trace gases and particulate matter--Comparison of log-ratio and traditional approaches, in Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Compositional Data Analysis, Girona, Spain: International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Girona, Spain, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard 0000-0002-3819-992X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-992X","contributorId":78657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peucker-Ehrenbrink","given":"Bernhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":776728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin-Fernandez, Josep M.","contributorId":214785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin-Fernandez","given":"Josep","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":28183,"text":"University of Girona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - 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2011 - Watershed-scale response to climate change through the twenty-first century for selected basins across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T14:15:35","indexId":"70189186","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed-scale response to climate change through the twenty-first century for selected basins across the United States","docAbstract":"The hydrologic response of different climate-change emission scenarios for the twenty-first century were evaluated in 14 basins from different hydroclimatic regions across the United States using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a process-based, distributed-parameter watershed model. This study involves four major steps: 1) setup and calibration of the PRMS model in 14 basins across the United States by local U.S. Geological Survey personnel; 2) statistical downscaling of the World Climate Research Programme’s Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 climate-change emission scenarios to create PRMS input files that reflect these emission scenarios; 3) run PRMS for the climate-change emission scenarios for the 14 basins; and 4) evaluation of the PRMS output.
This paper presents an overview of this project, details of the methodology, results from the 14 basin simulations, and interpretation of these results. A key finding is that the hydrological response of the different geographical regions of the United States to potential climate change may be very different, depending on the dominant physical processes of that particular region. Also considered is the tremendous amount of uncertainty present in the climate emission scenarios and how this uncertainty propagates through the hydrologic simulations. This paper concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned and potential for future work.
","language":"English","publisher":"American meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2010EI370.1","usgsCitation":"Hay, L.E., Markstrom, S.L., and Ward-Garrison, C.D., 2011, Watershed-scale response to climate change through the twenty-first century for selected basins across the United States: Earth Interactions, v. 15, p. 1-37, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010EI370.1.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-022577","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010ei370.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c47e4b0d1f9f057e386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":146553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward-Garrison, Christian D. cwardgar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward-Garrison","given":"Christian","email":"cwardgar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":703405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180380,"text":"70180380 - 2011 - Influence of dissolved organic matter on the environmental fate of metals, nanoparticles, and colloids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:49:50","indexId":"70180380","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dissolved organic matter on the environmental fate of metals, nanoparticles, and colloids","docAbstract":"We have known for decades that dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals and the mobility of colloidal particles in aquatic environments. In recent years, concerns about the ecological and human health effects of metal-based engineered nanoparticles released into natural waters have increased efforts to better define the nature of DOM interactions with metals and surfaces. Nanomaterials exhibit unique properties and enhanced reactivities that are not apparent in larger materials of the same composition1,2 or dissolved ions of metals that comprise the nanoparticles. These nanoparticle-specific properties generally result from the relatively large proportion of the atoms located at the surface, which leads to very high specific surface areas and a high proportion of crystal lattice imperfections relative to exposed surface area. Nanoscale colloids are ubiquitous in nature,2 and many engineered nanomaterials have analogs in the natural world. The properties of these materials, whether natural or manmade, are poorly understood, and new challenges have been presented in assessing their environmental fate. These challenges are particularly relevant in aquatic environments where interactions with DOM are key, albeit often overlooked, moderators of reactivity at the molecular and nanocolloidal scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es103992s","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G.R., Hsu-Kim, H., and Ryan, J.N., 2011, Influence of dissolved organic matter on the environmental fate of metals, nanoparticles, and colloids: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3196-3201, https://doi.org/10.1021/es103992s.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3196","endPage":"3201","ipdsId":"IP-026108","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef3e4b072a7ac0cad43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsu-Kim, Heileen","contributorId":49041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu-Kim","given":"Heileen","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70157324,"text":"70157324 - 2011 - Simulating effects of microtopography on wetland specific yield and hydroperiod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T16:57:11.626621","indexId":"70157324","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Simulating effects of microtopography on wetland specific yield and hydroperiod","docAbstract":"Specific yield and hydroperiod have proven to be useful parameters in hydrologic analysis of wetlands. Specific yield is a critical parameter to quantitatively relate hydrologic fluxes (e.g., rainfall, evapotranspiration, and runoff) and water level changes. Hydroperiod measures the temporal variability and frequency of land-surface inundation. Conventionally, hydrologic analyses used these concepts without considering the effects of land surface microtopography and assumed a smoothly-varying land surface. However, these microtopographic effects could result in small-scale variations in land surface inundation and water depth above or below the land surface, which in turn affect ecologic and hydrologic processes of wetlands. The objective of this chapter is to develop a physically-based approach for estimating specific yield and hydroperiod that enables the consideration of microtopographic features of wetlands, and to illustrate the approach at sites in the Florida Everglades. The results indicate that the physically-based approach can better capture the variations of specific yield with water level, in particular when the water level falls between the minimum and maximum land surface elevations. The suggested approach for hydroperiod computation predicted that the wetlands might be completely dry or completely wet much less frequently than suggested by the conventional approach neglecting microtopography. One reasonable generalization may be that the hydroperiod approaches presented in this chapter can be a more accurate prediction tool for water resources management to meet the specific hydroperiod threshold as required by a species of plant or animal of interest.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling hydrologic effects of microtopographic features","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"New York City, NY","usgsCitation":"Summer, D.M., 2011, Simulating effects of microtopography on wetland specific yield and hydroperiod, chap. of Modeling hydrologic effects of microtopographic features, p. 59-82.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011991","costCenters":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35b9e4b05d6c4e502c71","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wang, Xixi","contributorId":147799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xixi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572691,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Summer, David M.","contributorId":147798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Summer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035298,"text":"70035298 - 2011 - Impacts of agricultural land use on biological integrity: A causal analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T18:59:27.608483","indexId":"70035298","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of agricultural land use on biological integrity: A causal analysis","docAbstract":"Agricultural land use has often been linked to nutrient enrichment, habitat degradation, hydrologic alteration, and loss of biotic integrity in streams. The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program sampled 226 stream sites located in eight agriculture‐dominated study units across the United States to investigate the geographic variability and causes of agricultural impacts on stream biotic integrity. In this analysis we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to develop a national and set of regional causal models linking agricultural land use to measured instream conditions. We then examined the direct, indirect, and total effects of agriculture on biotic integrity as it acted through multiple water quality and habitat pathways. In our nation‐wide model, cropland affected benthic communities by both altering structural habitats and by imposing water quality‐related stresses. Region‐specific modeling demonstrated that geographic context altered the relative importance of causal pathways through which agricultural activities affected stream biotic integrity. Cropland had strong negative total effects on the invertebrate community in the national, Midwest, and Western models, but a very weak effect in the Eastern Coastal Plain model. In the Western Arid and Eastern Coastal Plain study regions, cropland impacts were transmitted primarily through dissolved water quality contaminants, but in the Midwestern region, they were transmitted primarily through particulate components of water quality. Habitat effects were important in the Western Arid model, but negligible in the Midwest and Eastern Coastal Plain models. The relative effects of riparian forested wetlands also varied regionally, having positive effects on biotic integrity in the Eastern Coastal Plain and Western Arid region models, but no statistically significant effect in the Midwest. These differences in response to cropland and riparian cover suggest that best management practices and planning for the mitigation of agricultural land use impacts on stream ecosystems should be regionally focused.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/11-0077.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Riseng, C., Wiley, M., Black, R.W., and Munn, M., 2011, Impacts of agricultural land use on biological integrity: A causal analysis: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 8, p. 3128-3146, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0077.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"3128","endPage":"3146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116919","text":"External Repository"},{"id":383621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e0e4b0c8380cd61706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riseng, C.M.","contributorId":9481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riseng","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiley, M.J.","contributorId":68976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036225,"text":"70036225 - 2011 - Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T18:10:50.829732","indexId":"70036225","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited","docAbstract":"This study aims to investigate the global hydrologic cycle during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse by utilizing the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates (calcite and siderite) as proxies for the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation. The data set builds on the Aptian–Albian sphaerosiderite δ18O data set presented by Ufnar et al. (2002) by incorporating additional low latitude data including pedogenic and early meteoric diagenetic calcite δ18O. Ufnar et al. (2002) used the proxy data derived from the North American Cretaceous Western Interior Basin (KWIB) in a mass balance model to estimate precipitation–evaporation fluxes. We have revised this mass balance model to handle sphaerosiderite and calcite proxies, and to account for longitudinal travel by tropical air masses. We use empirical and general circulation model (GCM) temperature gradients for the mid-Cretaceous, and the empirically derived δ18O composition of groundwater as constraints in our mass balance model. Precipitation flux, evaporation flux, relative humidity, seawater composition, and continental feedback are adjusted to generate model calculated groundwater δ18O compositions (proxy for precipitation δ18O) that match the empirically-derived groundwater δ18O compositions to within ± 0.5‰. The model is calibrated against modern precipitation data sets.
Four different Cretaceous temperature estimates were used: the leaf physiognomy estimates of Wolfe and Upchurch (1987) and Spicer and Corfield (1992), the coolest and warmest Cretaceous estimates compiled by Barron (1983) and model outputs from the GENESIS-MOM GCM by Zhou et al. (2008). Precipitation and evaporation fluxes for all the Cretaceous temperature gradients utilized in the model are greater than modern precipitation and evaporation fluxes. Balancing the model also requires relative humidity in the subtropical dry belt to be significantly reduced. As expected calculated precipitation rates are all greater than modern precipitation rates. Calculated global average precipitation rates range from 371 mm/year to 1196 mm/year greater than modern precipitation rates. Model results support the hypothesis that increased rainout produces δ18O-depleted precipitation.
Sensitivity testing of the model indicates that the amount of water vapor in the air mass, and its origin and pathway, significantly affect the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation. Precipitation δ18O is also sensitive to seawater δ18O and enriched tropical seawater was necessary to simulate proxy data (consistent with fossil and geologic evidence for a warmer and evaporatively enriched Tethys). Improved constraints in variables such as seawater δ18O can help improve boundary conditions for mid-Cretaceous climate simulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.027","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Suarez, M., Gonzalez, L.A., and Ludvigson, G.A., 2011, Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 307, no. 1-4, p. 301-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.027.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.027"}],"volume":"307","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91a6e4b0c8380cd80398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, M.B.","contributorId":18589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}