The mobilization of mercury and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during snowmelt often accounts for a major fraction of the annual loads. We studied the role of hydrological connectivity of riparian wetlands and upland/wetland transition zones to surface waters on the mobilization of Hg and DOC in Fishing Brook, a headwater of the Adirondack Mountains, New York. Stream water total mercury (THg) concentrations varied strongly (mean = 2.25 ± 0.5 ng L−1), and the two snowmelt seasons contributed 40% (2007) and 48% (2008) of the annual load. Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations ranged up to 0.26 ng L−1, and showed an inverse log relationship with discharge. TOPMODEL‐simulated saturated area corresponded well with wetland areas, and the application of a flow algorithm based elevation‐above‐creek approach suggests that most wetlands become well connected during high flow. The dynamics of simulated saturated area and soil storage deficit were able to explain a large part of the variation of THg concentrations (r2 = 0.53 to 0.72). In contrast, the simulations were not able to explain DOC variations and DOC and THg concentrations were not correlated. These results indicate that all three constituents, THg, MeHg, and DOC, follow different patterns at the outlet: (1) the mobilization of THg is primarily controlled by the saturation state of the catchment, (2) the dilution of MeHg suggests flushing from a supply limited pool, and (3) DOC dynamics follow a pattern different from THg dynamics, which likely results from differing gain and/or loss processes for THg and/or DOC within the Fishing Brook catchment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JG001330","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schelker, J., Burns, D.A., Weiler, M., and Laudon, H., 2011, Hydrological mobilization of mercury and dissolved organic carbon in a snow-dominated, forested watershed: Conceptualization and modeling: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 116, no. 1, G01002, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001330.","productDescription":"G01002, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001330","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack State Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.7894287109375,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -73.443603515625,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -73.443603515625,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -74.7894287109375,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -74.7894287109375,\n 43.50075243569041\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36ace4b0c8380cd608e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schelker, J.","contributorId":50007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schelker","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiler, M.","contributorId":15003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laudon, H.","contributorId":82444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laudon","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036039,"text":"70036039 - 2011 - Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:17:13","indexId":"70036039","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration","docAbstract":"Sulfur is broadly recognized as a water quality issue of significance for the freshwater Florida Everglades. Roughly 60% of the remnant Everglades has surface water sulfate concentrations above 1 mg l-1, a restoration performance measure based on present sulfate levels in unenriched areas. Highly enriched marshes in the northern Everglades have average sulfate levels of 60 mg l-1. Sulfate loading to the Everglades is principally a result of land and water management in South Florida. The highest concentrations of sulfate (average 60-70 mg l-1) in the ecosystem are in canal water in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Potential sulfur sourcesin the watershed are many, but geochemical data and a preliminary sulfur mass balance for the EAA are consistent with sulfur presently used in agricultural, and sulfur released by oxidation of organic EAA soils (including legacy agricultural applications and natural sulfur) as the primary sources of sulfate enrichment in the EAA canals. Sulfate loading to the Everglades increases microbial sulfate reduction in soils, leading to more reducing conditions, greater cycling of nutrients in soils, production of toxic sulfide, and enhanced methylmercury (MeHg) production and bioaccumulation. Wetlands are zones of naturally high MeHg production, but the combination of high atmospheric mercury deposition rates in South Florida and elevated sulfate loading leads to increased MeHg production and MeHg risk to Everglades wildlife and human consumers. Sulfate from the EAA drainage canals penetrates deep into the Everglades Water Conservation Areas, and may extend into Everglades National Park. Present plans to restore sheet flow and to deliver more water to the Everglades may increase overall sulfur loads to the ecosystem, and move sulfate-enriched water further south. However, water management practices that minimize soil drying and rewetting cycles can mitigate sulfate release during soil oxidation. A comprehensive Everglades restoration strategy should include reduction of sulfur loads as a goal because of the many detrimental impacts of sulfate on the ecosystem. Monitoring data show that the ecosystem response to changes in sulfate levels is rapid, and strategies for reducing sulfate loading may be effective in the near term. A multifaceted approach employing best management practices for sulfur in agriculture, agricultural practices that minimize soil oxidation, and changes to stormwater treatment areas that increase sulfate retention could help achieve reduced sulfate loads to the Everglades, with resulting benefits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis ","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.531201","issn":"10643389","usgsCitation":"Orem, W.H., Gilmour, C., Axelrad, D., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Scheidt, D., Kalla, P., McCormick, P., Gabriel, M., and Aiken, G., 2011, Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 249-288, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.531201.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 25.175116531621764\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 25.175116531621764\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 26.066652138577403\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 26.066652138577403\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 25.175116531621764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd9e4b08c986b31db12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmour, C.","contributorId":62382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Axelrad, D.","contributorId":96128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axelrad","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scheidt, D.","contributorId":55674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheidt","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalla, P.","contributorId":86209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalla","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCormick, P.","contributorId":30022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gabriel, M.","contributorId":69000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabriel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":208828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":453729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70036035,"text":"70036035 - 2011 - Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: Stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T20:17:37.937394","indexId":"70036035","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: Stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests","docAbstract":"Understanding the hydrology of tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) has become essential as deforestation of mountain areas proceeds at an increased rate worldwide. Passive and active cloud‐water collectors, throughfall and stemflow collectors, visibility or droplet size measurements, and micrometeorological sensors are typically used to measure the fog water inputs to ecosystems. In addition, stable isotopes may be used as a natural tracer for fog and rain. Previous studies have shown that the isotopic signature of fog tends to be more enriched in the heavier isotopes 2H and 18O than that of rain, due to differences in condensation temperature and history. Differences between fog and rain isotopes are largest when rain is from synoptic‐scale storms, and fog or orographic cloud water is generated locally. Smaller isotopic differences have been observed between rain and fog on mountains with orographic clouds, but only a few studies have been conducted. Quantifying fog deposition using isotope methods is more difficult in forests receiving mixed precipitation, because of limitations in the ability of sampling equipment to separate fog from rain, and because fog and rain may, under some conditions, have similar isotopic composition. This article describes the various types of fog most relevant to montane cloud forests and the importance of fog water deposition in the hydrologic budget. A brief overview of isotope hydrology provides the background needed to understand isotope applications in cloud forests. A summary of previous work explains isotopic differences between rain and fog in different environments, and how monitoring the isotopic signature of surface water, soil water and tree xylem water can yield estimates of the contribution of fog water to streamflow, groundwater recharge and transpiration. Next, instrumentation to measure fog and rain, and methods to determine isotopic concentrations in plant and soil water are discussed. The article concludes with the identification of some of the more pressing research questions in this field and offers various suggestions for future research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7762","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Eugster, W., and Burkard, R., 2011, Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: Stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 3, p. 353-366, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7762.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"366","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475414,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7762","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7762"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc5fe4b08c986b328bc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eugster, W.","contributorId":32701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eugster","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkard, R.","contributorId":63250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkard","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034466,"text":"70034466 - 2011 - Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T12:30:39.312442","indexId":"70034466","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers","docAbstract":"Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to hydrochemical data has been used with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow to a limited extent, but aspects of this approach are unresolved. Previous similar approaches typically have assumed that the extreme-value samples identified by PCA represent end members. The method presented herein is different from previous work in that (1) end members were not assumed to have been sampled but rather were estimated and constrained by prior knowledge; (2) end-member mixing was quantified in relation to hydrogeologic domains, which focuses model results on major hydrologic processes; (3) a method to select an appropriate number of end members using a series of cluster analyses is presented; and (4) conservative tracers were weighted preferentially in model calibration, which distributed model errors of optimized values, or residuals, more appropriately than would otherwise be the case. The latter item also provides an estimate of the relative influence of geochemical evolution along flow paths in comparison to mixing. This method was applied to groundwater in Wind Cave and the associated karst aquifer in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. The end-member mixing model was used to test a hypothesis that five different end-member waters are mixed in the groundwater system comprising five hydrogeologic domains. The model estimated that Wind Cave received most of its groundwater inflow from local surface recharge with an additional 33% from an upgradient aquifer. Artesian springs in the vicinity of Wind Cave primarily received water from regional groundwater flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Valder, J., 2011, Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 409, no. 1-2, p. 315-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.028.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"327","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Wind Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.9471435546875,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -102.9144287109375,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -102.9144287109375,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -103.9471435546875,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -103.9471435546875,\n 43.08493742707592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"409","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60b3e4b0c8380cd71630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valder, J.F.","contributorId":57295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034822,"text":"70034822 - 2011 - Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:55:30","indexId":"70034822","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2404,"text":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers of mercury exposure in two eastern Ukraine cities","docAbstract":"This study evaluates biomarkers of mercury exposure among residents of Horlivka, a city in eastern Ukraine located in an area with geologic and industrial sources of environmental mercury, and residents of Artemivsk, a nearby comparison city outside the mercury-enriched area. Samples of urine, blood, hair, and nails were collected from study participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in mines. Median biomarker mercury concentrations in Artemivsk were 0.26 μg/g-Cr (urine), 0.92 μg/L (blood), 0.42 μg/g (hair), 0.11 μg/g (toenails), and 0.09 μg/g (fingernails); median concentrations in Horlivka were 0.15 μg/g-Cr (urine), 1.01 μg/L (blood), 0.14 μg/g (hair), 0.31 μg/g (toenails), and 0.31 μg/g (fingernails). Biomarkers of mercury exposure for study participants from Horlivka and Artemivsk are low in comparison with occupationally exposed workers at a mercury recycling facility in Horlivka and in comparison with exposures known to be associated with clinical effects. Blood and urinary mercury did not suggest a higher mercury exposure among Horlivka residents as compared with Artemivsk; however, three individuals living in the immediate vicinity of the mercury mines had elevated blood and urinary mercury, relative to overall results for either city. For a limited number of residents from Horlivka (N = 7) and Artemivsk (N = 4), environmental samples (vacuum cleaner dust, dust wipes, soil) were collected from their residences. Mercury concentrations in vacuum cleaner dust and soil were good predictors of blood and urinary mercury.
A partnership of federal and state agencies, tribes, industry, and scientists from academic research and environmental organizations is establishing a national, policy-relevant mercury monitoring network, called MercNet, to address key questions concerning changes in anthropogenic mercury emissions and deposition, associated linkages to ecosystem effects, and recovery from mercury contamination. This network would quantify mercury in the atmosphere, land, water, and biota in terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems to provide a national scientific capability for evaluating the benefits and effectiveness of emission controls. Program development began with two workshops, convened to establish network goals, to select key indicators for monitoring, to propose a geographic network of monitoring sites, and to design a monitoring plan. MercNet relies strongly on multi-institutional partnerships to secure the capabilities and comprehensive data that are needed to develop, calibrate, and refine predictive mercury models and to guide effective management. Ongoing collaborative efforts include the: (1) development of regional multi-media databases on mercury in the Laurentian Great Lakes, northeastern United States, and eastern Canada; (2) syntheses and reporting of these data for the scientific and policy communities; and (3) evaluation of potential monitoring sites. The MercNet approach could be applied to the development of other monitoring programs, such as emerging efforts to monitor and assess global mercury emission controls.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/s10646-011-0756-4","issn":"09639292","usgsCitation":"Schmeltz, D., Evers, D., Driscoll, C.T., Artz, R., Cohen, M., Gay, D., Haeuber, R., Krabbenhoft, D., Mason, R., Morris, K., and Wiener, J., 2011, MercNet: A national monitoring network to assess responses to changing mercury emissions in the United States: Ecotoxicology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1713-1725, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0756-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1713","endPage":"1725","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53c1e4b0c8380cd6ccc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmeltz, D.","contributorId":14662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeltz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evers, D.C.","contributorId":36501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evers","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Artz, R.","contributorId":16242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artz","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cohen, M.","contributorId":92886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gay, D.","contributorId":10635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haeuber, R.","contributorId":52528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeuber","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mason, R.","contributorId":11439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morris, K.","contributorId":38805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70044504,"text":"70044504 - 2011 - On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-02T09:09:34","indexId":"70044504","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration","docAbstract":"Hydrologic models often are applied to adjust projections of hydroclimatic change that come from climate models. Such adjustment includes climate-bias correction, spatial refinement (\"downscaling\"), and consideration of the roles of hydrologic processes that were neglected in the climate model. Described herein is a quantitative analysis of the effects of hydrologic adjustment on the projections of runoff change associated with projected twenty-first-century climate change. In a case study including three climate models and 10 river basins in the contiguous United States, the authors find that relative (i.e., fractional or percentage) runoff change computed with hydrologic adjustment more often than not was less positive (or, equivalently, more negative) than what was projected by the climate models. The dominant contributor to this decrease in runoff was a ubiquitous change in runoff (median -11%) caused by the hydrologic model’s apparent amplification of the climate-model-implied growth in potential evapotranspiration. Analysis suggests that the hydrologic model, on the basis of the empirical, temperature-based modified Jensen–Haise formula, calculates a change in potential evapotranspiration that is typically 3 times the change implied by the climate models, which explicitly track surface energy budgets. In comparison with the amplification of potential evapotranspiration, central tendencies of other contributions from hydrologic adjustment (spatial refinement, climate-bias adjustment, and process refinement) were relatively small. The authors’ findings highlight the need for caution when projecting changes in potential evapotranspiration for use in hydrologic models or drought indices to evaluate climate-change impacts on water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/2010EI363.1","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., and Dunne, K.A., 2011, On the Hydrologic Adjustment of Climate-Model Projections: The Potential Pitfall of Potential Evapotranspiration: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019747","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010ei363.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270444,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010EI363.1"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf6e4b075500ee5ca7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Krista A. kadunne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Krista","email":"kadunne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044509,"text":"70044509 - 2011 - Measurement of net nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in wetland soils using a modification of the resin-core technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T10:58:54","indexId":"70044509","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of net nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in wetland soils using a modification of the resin-core technique","docAbstract":"A modification of the resin-core method was developed and tested for measuring in situ soil N and P net mineralization rates in wetland soils where temporal variation in bidirectional vertical water movement and saturation can complicate measurement. The modified design includes three mixed-bed ion-exchange resin bags located above and three resin bags located below soil incubating inside a core tube. The two inner resin bags adjacent to the soil capture NH4+, NO3-, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transported out of the soil during incubation; the two outer resin bags remove inorganic nutrients transported into the modified resin core; and the two middle resin bags serve as quality-control checks on the function of the inner and outer resin bags. Modified resin cores were incubated monthly for a year along the hydrogeomorphic gradient through a floodplain wetland. Only small amounts of NH4+, NO3-, and SRP were found in the two middle resin bags, indicating that the modified resin-core design was effective. Soil moisture and pH inside the modified resin cores typically tracked changes in the surrounding soil abiotic environment. In contrast, use of the closed polyethylene bag method provided substantially different net P and N mineralization rates than modified resin cores and did not track changes in soil moisture or pH. Net ammonification, nitrifi cation, N mineralization, and P mineralization rates measured using modified resin cores varied through space and time associated with hydrologic, geomorphic, and climatic gradients in the floodplain wetland. The modified resin-core technique successfully characterized spatiotemporal variation of net mineralization fluxes in situ and is a viable technique for assessing soil nutrient availability and developing ecosystem budgets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2010.0289","usgsCitation":"Noe, G., 2011, Measurement of net nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in wetland soils using a modification of the resin-core technique: Biogeochemistry, v. 75, no. 2, p. 760-770, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0289.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"760","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"5","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018892","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269134,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0289"},{"id":269135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51404e7fe4b089809dbf4482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noe, Gregory B.","contributorId":77805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036036,"text":"70036036 - 2011 - Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T19:32:01","indexId":"70036036","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers","docAbstract":"Understanding the behavior of engineered nanoparticles in the environment and within organisms is perhaps the biggest obstacle to the safe development of nanotechnologies. Reliable tracing is a particular issue for nanoparticles such as ZnO, because Zn is an essential element and a common pollutant thus present at elevated background concentrations. We synthesized isotopically enriched (89.6%) with a rare isotope of Zn (67Zn) ZnO nanoparticles and measured the uptake of 67Zn by L. stagnalis exposed to diatoms amended with the particles. Stable isotope technique is sufficiently sensitive to determine the uptake of Zn at an exposure equivalent to lower concentration range (<15 μg g−1). Without a tracer, detection of newly accumulated Zn is significant at Zn exposure concentration only above 5000 μg g−1 which represents some of the most contaminated Zn conditions. Only by using a tracer we can study Zn uptake at a range of environmentally realistic exposure conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Dybowska, A., Croteau, M.N., Misra, S., Berhanu, D., Luoma, S.N., Christian, P., O'Brien, P., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2011, Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers: Environmental Pollution, v. 159, no. 1, p. 266-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218295,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba355e4b08c986b31fc73","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Dybowska Agnieszka D., Croteau Marie-Noele, Misra Superb K., Berhanu Deborah, Luoma Samuel N., Christian Paul, O’Brien Paul, Valsami-Jones Eugenia","journalName":"Environmental Pollution","publicationDate":"1/2011"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dybowska, A.D.","contributorId":85443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Misra, S.K.","contributorId":47989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berhanu, D.","contributorId":86177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berhanu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christian, P.","contributorId":58527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O'Brien, P.","contributorId":98600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034633,"text":"70034633 - 2011 - Sources and Delivery of Nutrients to the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico from Streams in the South-Central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T17:22:26.259382","indexId":"70034633","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and Delivery of Nutrients to the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico from Streams in the South-Central United States","docAbstract":"SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models were developed to estimate nutrient inputs [total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP)] to the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico from streams in the South‐Central United States (U.S.). This area included drainages of the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas‐White‐Red, and Texas‐Gulf hydrologic regions. The models were standardized to reflect nutrient sources and stream conditions during 2002. Model predictions of nutrient loads (mass per time) and yields (mass per area per time) generally were greatest in streams in the eastern part of the region and along reaches near the Texas and Louisiana shoreline. The Mississippi River and Atchafalaya River watersheds, which drain nearly two‐thirds of the conterminous U.S., delivered the largest nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico, as expected. However, the three largest delivered TN yields were from the Trinity River/Galveston Bay, Calcasieu River, and Aransas River watersheds, while the three largest delivered TP yields were from the Calcasieu River, Mermentau River, and Trinity River/Galveston Bay watersheds. Model output indicated that the three largest sources of nitrogen from the region were atmospheric deposition (42%), commercial fertilizer (20%), and livestock manure (unconfined, 17%). The three largest sources of phosphorus were commercial fertilizer (28%), urban runoff (23%), and livestock manure (confined and unconfined, 23%).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00583.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Rebich, R.A., Houston, N.A., Mize, S.V., Pearson, D., Ging, P.B., and Evan, H.C., 2011, Sources and Delivery of Nutrients to the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico from Streams in the South-Central United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1061-1086, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00583.x.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1061","endPage":"1086","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475372,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00583.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215721,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00583.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Kansas, Mississippi, Colorado, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"South-Central United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -98.87695312499999,\n 28.22697003891834\n ],\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -97.294921875,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -96.767578125,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -94.130859375,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -105.29296874999999,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -104.32617187499999,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n -103.88671875,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 32.175612478499325\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b934ce4b08c986b31a40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rebich, Richard A. 0000-0003-4256-7171 rarebich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-7171","contributorId":2315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"Richard","email":"rarebich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":446773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearson, Daniel 0000-0001-7808-8311 dpearson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-8311","contributorId":201255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Daniel","email":"dpearson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":446775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ging, Patricia B. 0000-0001-5491-8448 pbging@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-8448","contributorId":1788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"Patricia","email":"pbging@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evan, Hornig C.","contributorId":60465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evan","given":"Hornig","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034657,"text":"70034657 - 2011 - Metallothionein-like multinuclear clusters of mercury(II) and sulfur in peat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T17:39:19.398815","indexId":"70034657","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metallothionein-like multinuclear clusters of mercury(II) and sulfur in peat","docAbstract":"Strong mercury(II)–sulfur (Hg-SR) bonds in natural organic matter, which influence mercury bioavailability, are difficult to characterize. We report evidence for two new Hg-SR structures using X-ray absorption spectroscopy in peats from the Florida Everglades with added Hg. The first, observed at a mole ratio of organic reduced S to Hg (Sred/Hg) between 220 and 1140, is a Hg4Sx type of cluster with each Hg atom bonded to two S atoms at 2.34 Å and one S at 2.53 Å, and all Hg atoms 4.12 Å apart. This model structure matches those of metal–thiolate clusters in metallothioneins, but not those of HgS minerals. The second, with one S atom at 2.34 Å and about six C atoms at 2.97 to 3.28 Å, occurred at Sred/Hg between 0.80 and 4.3 and suggests Hg binding to a thiolated aromatic unit. The multinuclear Hg cluster indicates a strong binding environment to cysteinyl sulfur that might impede methylation. Along with a linear Hg(SR)2 unit with Hg—S bond lengths of 2.34 Å at Sred/Hg of about 10 to 20, the new structures support a continuum in Hg-SR binding strength in natural organic matter.
Difference geophysical tomography (e.g. radar, resistivity and seismic) is used increasingly for imaging fluid flow and mass transport associated with natural and engineered hydrologic phenomena, including tracer experiments, in situ remediation and aquifer storage and recovery. Tomographic data are collected over time, inverted and differenced against a background image to produce ‘snapshots’ revealing changes to the system; these snapshots readily provide qualitative information on the location and morphology of plumes of injected tracer, remedial amendment or stored water. In principle, geometric moments (i.e. total mass, centres of mass, spread, etc.) calculated from difference tomograms can provide further quantitative insight into the rates of advection, dispersion and mass transfer; however, recent work has shown that moments calculated from tomograms are commonly biased, as they are strongly affected by the subjective choice of regularization criteria. Conventional approaches to regularization (Tikhonov) and parametrization (image pixels) result in tomograms which are subject to artefacts such as smearing or pixel estimates taking on the sign opposite to that expected for the plume under study. Here, we demonstrate a novel parametrization for imaging plumes associated with hydrologic phenomena. Capitalizing on the mathematical analogy between moment-based descriptors of plumes and the moment-based parameters of probability distributions, we design an inverse problem that (1) is overdetermined and computationally efficient because the image is described by only a few parameters, (2) produces tomograms consistent with expected plume behaviour (e.g. changes of one sign relative to the background image), (3) yields parameter estimates that are readily interpreted for plume morphology and offer direct insight into hydrologic processes and (4) requires comparatively few data to achieve reasonable model estimates. We demonstrate the approach in a series of numerical examples based on straight-ray difference-attenuation radar monitoring of the transport of an ionic tracer, and show that the methodology outlined here is particularly effective when limited data are available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05131.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Pidlisecky, A., Singha, K., and Day-Lewis, F., 2011, A distribution-based parameterization for improved tomographic imaging of solute plumes: Geophysical Journal International, v. 187, no. 1, p. 214-224, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05131.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05131.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3c3e4b0c8380cd461ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pidlisecky, Adam","contributorId":94877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pidlisecky","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singha, K.","contributorId":51431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, F. D. 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":35773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034449,"text":"70034449 - 2011 - Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T16:50:44.05911","indexId":"70034449","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China","docAbstract":"Responses of hydrological processes to climate change are key components in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) assessment. Understanding these responses is critical for developing appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies for sustainable water resources management and protection of public safety. However, these responses are not well understood and little long‐term evidence exists. Herein, we show how climate change, specifically increased air temperature and storm intensity, can affect soil moisture dynamics and hydrological variables based on both long‐term observation and model simulations using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in an intact forested watershed (the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve) in Southern China. Our results show that, although total annual precipitation changed little from 1950 to 2009, soil moisture decreased significantly. A significant decline was also found in the monthly 7‐day low flow from 2000 to 2009. However, the maximum daily streamflow in the wet season and unconfined groundwater tables have significantly increased during the same 10‐year period. The significant decreasing trends on soil moisture and low flow variables suggest that the study watershed is moving towards drought‐like condition. Our analysis indicates that the intensification of rainfall storms and the increasing number of annual no‐rain days were responsible for the increasing chance of both droughts and floods. We conclude that climate change has indeed induced more extreme hydrological events (e.g. droughts and floods) in this watershed and perhaps other areas of Southern China. This study also demonstrated usefulness of our research methodology and its possible applications on quantifying the impacts of climate change on hydrology in any other watersheds where long‐term data are available and human disturbance is negligible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Zhou, G., Wei, X., Wu, Y., Huang, Y., Yan, J., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Liu, J., Meng, Z., Wang, C., Chu, G., Liu, S., Tang, X., and Liu, X., 2011, Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China: Global Change Biology, v. 17, no. 12, p. 3736-3746, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3736","endPage":"3746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91e7e4b0c8380cd8052b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huang, Y.","contributorId":62000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yan, J.","contributorId":24480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Q.","contributorId":84163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meng, Z.","contributorId":54818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wang, C.","contributorId":50689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chu, G.","contributorId":87001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tang, X.","contributorId":43082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70034515,"text":"70034515 - 2011 - Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T12:12:30.228932","indexId":"70034515","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Although sediment is a natural constituent of rivers, excess loading to rivers and streams is a leading cause of impairment and biodiversity loss. Remedial actions require identification of the sources and mechanisms of sediment supply. This task is complicated by the scale and complexity of large watersheds as well as changes in climate and land use that alter the drivers of sediment supply. Previous studies in Lake Pepin, a natural lake on the Mississippi River, indicate that sediment supply to the lake has increased 10-fold over the past 150 years. Herein we combine geochemical fingerprinting and a suite of geomorphic change detection techniques with a sediment mass balance for a tributary watershed to demonstrate that, although the sediment loading remains very large, the dominant source of sediment has shifted from agricultural soil erosion to accelerated erosion of stream banks and bluffs, driven by increased river discharge. Such hydrologic amplification of natural erosion processes calls for a new approach to watershed sediment modeling that explicitly accounts for channel and floodplain dynamics that amplify or dampen landscape processes. Further, this finding illustrates a new challenge in remediating nonpoint sediment pollution and indicates that management efforts must expand from soil erosion to factors contributing to increased water runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2019109","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Belmont, P., Gran, K., Schottler, S., Wilcock, P., Day, S., Jennings, C., Lauer, J., Viparelli, E., Willenbring, J., Engstrom, D., and Parker, G., 2011, Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 20, p. 8804-8810, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2019109.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8804","endPage":"8810","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4485e4b0c8380cd66b90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belmont, P.","contributorId":67322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belmont","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gran, K.B.","contributorId":44688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gran","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schottler, S.P.","contributorId":20491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schottler","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcock, P.R.","contributorId":36709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcock","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Day, S.S.","contributorId":42805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jennings, C.","contributorId":78536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lauer, J.W.","contributorId":104303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Viparelli, E.","contributorId":97344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viparelli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Willenbring, J.K.","contributorId":107960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willenbring","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Engstrom, D.R.","contributorId":88496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70034021,"text":"70034021 - 2011 - A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034021","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations","docAbstract":"It is known that GPS time series contain a seasonal variation that is not due to tectonic motions, and it has recently been shown that crustal seismic velocities may also vary seasonally. In order to explain these changes, a number of hypotheses have been given, among which thermoelastic and hydrology-induced stresses and strains are leading candidates. Unfortunately, though, since a general framework does not exist for understanding such seasonal variations, it is currently not possible to quickly evaluate the plausibility of these hypotheses. To fill this gap in the literature, I generalize a two-dimensional thermoelastic strain model to provide an analytic solution for the displacements and wave speed changes due to either thermoelastic stresses or hydrologic loading, which consists of poroelastic stresses and purely elastic stresses. The thermoelastic model assumes a periodic surface temperature, and the hydrologic models similarly assume a periodic near-surface water load. Since all three models are two-dimensional and periodic, they are expected to only approximate any realistic scenario; but the models nonetheless provide a quantitative framework for estimating the effects of thermoelastic and hydrologic variations. Quantitative comparison between the models and observations is further complicated by the large uncertainty in some of the relevant parameters. Despite this uncertainty, though, I find that maximum realistic thermoelastic effects are unlikely to explain a large fraction of the observed annual variation in a typical GPS displacement time series or of the observed annual variations in seismic wave speeds in southern California. Hydrologic loading, on the other hand, may be able to explain a larger fraction of both the annual variations in displacements and seismic wave speeds. Neither model is likely to explain all of the seismic wave speed variations inferred from observations. However, more definitive conclusions cannot be made until the model parameters are better constrained. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JB008156","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tsai, V., 2011, A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008156.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475434,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb008156","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008156"},{"id":244569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46be4b0c8380cd4665b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, V.C.","contributorId":41661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032674,"text":"70032674 - 2011 - NETPATH-WIN: an interactive user version of the mass-balance model, NETPATH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T19:36:27","indexId":"70032674","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NETPATH-WIN: an interactive user version of the mass-balance model, NETPATH","docAbstract":"NETPATH-WIN is an interactive user version of NETPATH, an inverse geochemical modeling code used to find mass-balance reaction models that are consistent with the observed chemical and isotopic composition of waters from aquatic systems. NETPATH-WIN was constructed to migrate NETPATH applications into the Microsoft WINDOWS® environment. The new version facilitates model utilization by eliminating difficulties in data preparation and results analysis of the DOS version of NETPATH, while preserving all of the capabilities of the original version. Through example applications, the note describes some of the features of NETPATH-WIN as applied to adjustment of radiocarbon data for geochemical reactions in groundwater systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00779.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"El-Kadi, A., Plummer, N., and Aggarwal, P., 2011, NETPATH-WIN: an interactive user version of the mass-balance model, NETPATH: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 4, p. 593-599, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00779.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"599","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6141e4b0c8380cd71895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"El-Kadi, A. I.","contributorId":103838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Kadi","given":"A. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aggarwal, P.","contributorId":14650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aggarwal","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032681,"text":"70032681 - 2011 - Hydrologic response of catchments to precipitation: Quantification of mechanical carriers and origins of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032681","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic response of catchments to precipitation: Quantification of mechanical carriers and origins of water","docAbstract":"Precipitation-induced overland and groundwater flow and mixing processes are quantified to analyze the temporal (event and pre-event water) and spatial (groundwater discharge and overland runoff) origins of water entering a stream. Using a distributed-parameter control volume finite-element simulator that can simultaneously solve the fully coupled partial differential equations describing 2-D Manning and 3-D Darcian flow and advective-dispersive transport, mechanical flow (driven by hydraulic potential) and tracer-based hydrograph separation (driven by dispersive mixing as well as mechanical flow) are simulated in response to precipitation events in two cross sections oriented parallel and perpendicular to a stream. The results indicate that as precipitation becomes more intense, the subsurface mechanical flow contributions tend to become less significant relative to the total pre-event stream discharge. Hydrodynamic mixing can play an important role in enhancing pre-event tracer signals in the stream. This implies that temporally tagged chemical signals introduced into surface-subsurface flow systems from precipitation may not be strong enough to detect the changes in the subsurface flow system. It is concluded that diffusive/dispersive mixing, capillary fringe groundwater ridging, and macropore flow can influence the temporal sources of water in the stream, but any sole mechanism may not fully explain the strong pre-event water discharge. Further investigations of the influence of heterogeneity, residence time, geomorphology, and root zone processes are required to confirm the conclusions of this study. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010075","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Park, Y., Sudicky, E., Brookfield, A., and Jones, J., 2011, Hydrologic response of catchments to precipitation: Quantification of mechanical carriers and origins of water: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010075.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475150,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010075","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010075"},{"id":241291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3685e4b0c8380cd6079a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, Y.-J.","contributorId":14645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"Y.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sudicky, E.A.","contributorId":67237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sudicky","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brookfield, A.E.","contributorId":38784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookfield","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, J.P.","contributorId":101093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032327,"text":"70032327 - 2011 - Spatial variation in transient water table responses: Differences between an upper and lower hillslope zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032327","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variation in transient water table responses: Differences between an upper and lower hillslope zone","docAbstract":"To better understand storage-runoff dynamics, transient groundwater responses were examined in one of the steep watersheds in British Columbia's coastal mountains. Streamflow and piezometric data were collected for 1year to determine the spatial and temporal relations between transient groundwater levels and discharge. Correlations between piezometer responses and lag-time analysis were used to identify and better understand runoff generation mechanisms in this watershed. Results showed a large spatial and temporal variation in transient water table dynamics and indicated that two distinct zones existed: a lower hillslope zone and an upslope zone. Each zone was characterized by very different water table responses. The upper hillslope was disconnected from the stream for the majority of time, suggesting that during most events, it does not directly contribute to streamflow. Piezometers in the lower hillslope zone showed hydrologically limited responses, suggesting rapid subsurface flow, likely through the many macropores and soil pipes. The lag time between peak streamflow and peak groundwater level decreased with increasing antecedent moisture conditions and was more variable for piezometers further away from the stream than for piezometers close to the stream. The study results indicate that a single storage-runoff model is not appropriate for this steep watershed and that a two- or three-compartment model would be more suitable. ?? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8354","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Haught, D., and Van Meerveld, H., 2011, Spatial variation in transient water table responses: Differences between an upper and lower hillslope zone: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 25, p. 3866-3877, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8354.","startPage":"3866","endPage":"3877","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214890,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8354"},{"id":242648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94bde4b08c986b31ac1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haught, D.R.W.","contributorId":80100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haught","given":"D.R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Meerveld, H. J.","contributorId":107954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Meerveld","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035873,"text":"70035873 - 2011 - Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T08:21:28","indexId":"70035873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation","docAbstract":"Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, largely in reduced form (NH4(T)≈NH4(aq)++NH3(aq)o), has been documented in thermal waters throughout Yellowstone National Park, with concentrations ranging from a few micromolar along the Firehole River to millimolar concentrations at Washburn Hot Springs. Indirect evidence from rock nitrogen analyses and previous work on organic compounds associated with Washburn Hot Springs and the Mirror Plateau indicate multiple sources for thermal water NH4(T), including Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks, Eocene lacustrine deposits, and glacial deposits. A positive correlation between NH4(T) concentration and δ18O of thermal water indicates that boiling is an important mechanism for increasing concentrations of NH4(T) and other solutes in some areas. The isotopic composition of dissolved NH4(T) is highly variable (δ15N = −6‰ to +30‰) and is positively correlated with pH values. In comparison to likely δ15N values of nitrogen source materials (+1‰ to +7‰), high δ15N values in hot springs with pH >5 are attributed to isotope fractionation associated with NH3(aq)o loss by volatilization. NH4(T) in springs with low pH typically is relatively unfractionated, except for some acid springs with negative δ15N values that are attributed to NH3(g)o condensation. NH4(T) concentration and isotopic variations were evident spatially (between springs) and temporally (in individual springs). These variations are likely to be reflected in biomass and sediments associated with the hot springs and outflows. Elevated NH4(T) concentrations can persist for 10s to 1000s of meters in surface waters draining hot spring areas before being completely assimilated or oxidized.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J., Nordstrom, D.K., Böhlke, J., McCleskey, R.B., and Ball, J., 2011, Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 16, p. 4611-4636, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4611","endPage":"4636","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c0e4b0c8380cd48422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035865,"text":"70035865 - 2011 - Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T13:10:39.404755","indexId":"70035865","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"The northern Rocky Mountains (NRMs) are a critical headwaters region with the majority of water resources originating from mountain snowpack. Observations showing declines in western U.S. snowpack have implications for water resources and biophysical processes in high-mountain environments. This study investigates oceanic and atmospheric controls underlying changes in timing, variability, and trends documented across the entire hydroclimatic-monitoring system within critical NRM watersheds. Analyses were conducted using records from 25 snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations, 148 1 April snow course records, stream gauge records from 14 relatively unimpaired rivers, and 37 valley meteorological stations. Over the past four decades, midelevation SNOTEL records show a tendency toward decreased snowpack with peak snow water equivalent (SWE) arriving and melting out earlier. Temperature records show significant seasonal and annual decreases in the number of frost days (days ≤0°C) and changes in spring minimum temperatures that correspond with atmospheric circulation changes and surface–albedo feedbacks in March and April. Warmer spring temperatures coupled with increases in mean and variance of spring precipitation correspond strongly to earlier snowmeltout, an increased number of snow-free days, and observed changes in streamflow timing and discharge. The majority of the variability in peak and total annual snowpack and streamflow, however, is explained by season-dependent interannual-to-interdecadal changes in atmospheric circulation associated with Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures. Over recent decades, increased spring precipitation appears to be buffering NRM total annual streamflow from what would otherwise be greater snow-related declines in hydrologic yield. Results have important implications for ecosystems, water resources, and long-lead-forecasting capabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2010JCLI3729.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Pederson, G.T., Gray, S., Ault, T., Marsh, W., Fagre, D.B., Bunn, A., Woodhouse, C., and Graumlich, L., 2011, Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains: Journal of Climate, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1666-1687, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3729.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1666","endPage":"1687","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3729.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Northern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.44482421875,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -117.13623046874999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -117.18017578125,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -114.58740234375,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -113.44482421875,\n 48.99463598353405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f660e4b0c8380cd4c71b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ault, T.","contributorId":83760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsh, W.","contributorId":94884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bunn, A.G.","contributorId":105147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunn","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodhouse, C.A.","contributorId":62407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graumlich, L.J.","contributorId":30417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graumlich","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032682,"text":"70032682 - 2011 - The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032682","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes","docAbstract":"Warm season climate warming will be a key driver of annual streamflow changes in four major river basins of the western U.S., as shown by hydrological model simulations using fixed precipitation and idealized seasonal temperature changes based on climate projections with SRES A2 forcing. Warm season (April-September) warming reduces streamflow throughout the year; streamflow declines both immediately and in the subsequent cool season. Cool season (October-March) warming, by contrast, increases streamflow immediately, partially compensating for streamflow reductions during the subsequent warm season. A uniform warm season warming of 3C drives a wide range of annual flow declines across the basins: 13.3%, 7.2%, 1.8%, and 3.6% in the Colorado, Columbia, Northern and Southern Sierra basins, respectively. The same warming applied during the cool season gives annual declines of only 3.5%, 1.7%, 2.1%, and 3.1%, respectively. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049660","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Das, T., Pierce, D., Cayan, D., Vano, J., and Lettenmaier, D., 2011, The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049660.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475219,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049660","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049660"},{"id":241322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad02e4b08c986b3238f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vano, J.A.","contributorId":73018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vano","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033935,"text":"70033935 - 2011 - Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T11:26:13.146758","indexId":"70033935","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","title":"Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","docAbstract":"The Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) early project in western Mississippi has been testing monitoring tools and approaches to document storage efficiency and storage permanence under conditions of CO2 EOR as well as downdip injection into brine. Denbury Onshore LLC is host for the study and has brought a depleted oil and gas reservoir, Cranfield Field, under CO2 flood. Injection was started in July 2008 and has now achieved injection rates greater than 1.2 million tons/year though 23 wells, with cumulative mass injected as of August, 2010 of 2.2 million metric tons. Injection is into coarse grained fluvial deposits of the Cretaceous lower Tuscaloosa Formation in a gentle anticline at depths of 3300 m. A team of researchers from 10 institutions has collected data from five study areas, each with a different goal and different spatial and temporal scale.
\nThe Phase 2 study began at the start of injection and has been using pressure and temperature as a tool for assessing permanence mostly in the oil productive interval. Real-time read-out shows high sensitivity to distant changes in injection rate and confirms the geologic model of reservoir compartmentalization. Above-zone pressure monitoring ∼120 m above the injection interval is used to test the sensitivity of this approach for documentation of integrity of the confining system in an area of numerous well completions as pressure increase is induced in the reservoir by more than 70 bar.
\nMonitoring of the High Volume Injection Test (HiVIT) area includes repeat measurements of aqueous geochemistry in the injection zone. Rock-water- CO2interactions in the reservoir as CO2 dissolves are minimized by mineral “armoring” by abundant chlorite cement in high permeability reservoir sandstone. Geochemical monitoring of confined freshwater aquifers at depths of 70–100 m is underway. Groundwater analysis focuses on assessment of the sensitivity of this method to detect leakage above background variability. A repeat seismic survey of the HiVIT is planned for late 2010 to assess saturation change especially in downdip brine-only areas.
\nA study focused on feasibility of monitoring the shallow subsurface to separate leakage from normal complex surface fluxes is underway at an monitoring array installed in October 2009 to assess the interactions of recharge, soil gas, and shallow groundwater aquifers. Recent well re-entry and tracer injection will provide further information to interpret observed elevated deep-sourced methane.
\nThe Detailed Area Study (DAS) is collecting dense time-lapse data from closely-spaced three well array of an injector and two observation wells. The observation wells were completed with fiberglass casing to facilitate electrical resistance tomography (ERT) measurements, and a diverse array of instrumentation was both cemented behind casing and suspended on tubing. Injection started at the DAS December 1, 2009. We have measured pulsed neutron and resistivity via wireline, downhole and above-zone pressure, distributed temperature, and fluid chemistry including introduced pulses of perfluorocarbons, noble gases, and SF6 as tracers. Between wells, time-lapse crosswell seismic and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) are used to measure saturation change. The goals are to measure changes as fluids evolve from single phase (brine) to two phase (CO2–brine) in order to document linkages between pressure and sweep efficiency. A time-lapse VSP survey bridges the vertical resolution and areal coverage between cross-well and surface seismic. The repeat surveys for many tools are scheduled for September, 2010.
\nReservoir characterization based on cores, historic and new wireline log data, production history, hydrologic tests, fluid analysis, and a three-D seismic survey have been used in multiple numerical models to predict reservoir response in order to design effective monitoring strategies and optimize deployment. History matching of observed response to predicted response is used to interpret results and improve confidence in conceptual models and numerical approaches. Probabilistic methods have been used to assess the significant uncertainties resulting from reservoir heterogeneity.
\n\n
Wood deposited in streams provides a wide variety of ecosystem functions, including enhancing habitat for key species in stream food webs, increasing geomorphic and hydraulic heterogeneity and retaining organic matter. Given the strong role that wood plays in streams, factors that influence wood inputs, retention and transport are critical to stream ecology. Wood entrapment, the process of wood coming to rest after being swept downstream at least 10 m, is poorly understood, yet important for predicting stream function and success of restoration efforts. Data on entrapment were collected for a wide range of natural wood pieces (n = 344), stream geomorphology and hydraulic conditions in nine streams along the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota. Locations of pieces were determined in summer 2007 and again following an overbank stormflow event in fall 2007. The ratio of piece length to effective stream width (length ratio) and the weight of the piece were important in a multiple logistic regression model that explained 25% of the variance in wood entrapment. Entrapment remains difficult to predict in natural streams, and often may simply occur wherever wood pieces are located when high water recedes. However, this study can inform stream modifications to discourage entrapment at road crossings or other infrastructure by applying the model formula to estimate the effective width required to pass particular wood pieces. Conversely, these results could also be used to determine conditions (e.g. pre-existing large, stable pieces) that encourage entrapment where wood is valued for ecological functions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7846","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Merten, E.C., Finlay, J., Johnson, L., Newman, R., Stefan, H., and Vondracek, B.C., 2011, Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 4, p. 593-602, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7846.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-018202","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475242,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11299/183601","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7846"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 46.66828707388311\n ],\n [\n -89.4451904296875,\n 46.66828707388311\n ],\n [\n -89.4451904296875,\n 48.0156497866894\n ],\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 48.0156497866894\n ],\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 46.66828707388311\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09b5e4b0c8380cd5201c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merten, Eric C.","contributorId":75355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merten","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":451805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlay, Jacques","contributorId":172286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finlay","given":"Jacques","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Lucinda","contributorId":172287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Lucinda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, Raymond","contributorId":172288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stefan, Heinz","contributorId":172289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stefan","given":"Heinz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034334,"text":"70034334 - 2011 - Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T14:07:06","indexId":"70034334","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change","docAbstract":"Broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. We use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western United States (1.01 million km2), based on empirical statistical models built from fish surveys at 9,890 sites. Projections under the 2080s A1B emissions scenario forecast a mean 47% decline in total suitable habitat for all trout, a group of fishes of major socioeconomic and ecological significance. We project that native cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, already excluded from much of its potential range by nonnative species, will lose a further 58% of habitat due to an increase in temperatures beyond the species' physiological optima and continued negative biotic interactions. Habitat for nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta is predicted to decline by 77% and 48%, respectively, driven by increases in temperature and winter flood frequency caused by warmer, rainier winters. Habitat for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is projected to decline the least (35%) because negative temperature effects are partly offset by flow regime shifts that benefit the species. These results illustrate how drivers other than temperature influence species response to climate change. Despite some uncertainty, large declines in trout habitat are likely, but our findings point to opportunities for strategic targeting of mitigation efforts to appropriate stressors and locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1103097108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Wenger, S., Isaak, D., Luce, C., Neville, H., Fausch, K., Dunham, J., Dauwalter, D., Young, M., Elsner, M., Rieman, B., Hamlet, A., and Williams, J., 2011, Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 34, p. 14175-14180, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103097108.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"14175","endPage":"14180","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475397,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3161569","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216976,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103097108"},{"id":244881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"108","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124ee4b0c8380cd5425f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenger, S.J.","contributorId":51883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luce, C.H.","contributorId":81057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neville, H.M.","contributorId":79836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neville","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fausch, K.D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":84097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunham, J. 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