{"pageNumber":"186","pageRowStart":"4625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16504,"records":[{"id":70036840,"text":"70036840 - 2011 - Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:20:42","indexId":"70036840","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report)","docAbstract":"The biennial review of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data has resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of 11 elements. Many atomic weights are not constants of nature, but depend upon the physical, chemical, and nuclear history of the material. The standard atomic weights of 10 elements having two or more stable isotopes have been changed to reflect this variability of atomic-weight values in natural terrestrial materials. To emphasize the fact that these standard atomic weights are not constants of nature, each atomic-weight value is expressed as an interval. The interval is used together with the symbol [a; b] to denote the set of atomic-weight values, A<sub>r</sub>(E), of element E in normal materials for which a ≤ A<sub>r</sub>(E) ≤ b. The symbols a and b denote the bounds of the interval [a; b]. The revised atomic weight of hydrogen, A<sub>r</sub>(H), is [1.007 84; 1.008 11] from 1.007 94(7); lithium, A<sub>r</sub>(Li), is [6.938; 6.997] from 6.941(2); boron, A<sub>r</sub>(B), is [10.806; 10.821] from 10.811(7); carbon, A<sub>r</sub>(C), is [12.0096; 12.0116] from 12.0107(8); nitrogen, A<sub>r</sub>(N), is [14.006 43; 14.007 28] from 14.0067(2); oxygen, A<sub>r</sub>(O), is [15.999 03; 15.999 77] from 15.9994(3); silicon, A<sub>r</sub>(Si), is [28.084; 28.086] from 28.0855(3); sulfur, A<sub>r</sub>(S), is [32.059; 32.076] from 32.065(2); chlorine, A<sub>r</sub>(Cl), is [35.446; 35.457] from 35.453(2); and thallium, A<sub>r</sub>(Tl), is [204.382; 204.385] from 204.3833(2). This fundamental change in the presentation of the atomic weights represents an important advance in our knowledge of the natural world and underscores the significance and contributions of chemistry to the well-being of humankind in the International Year of Chemistry 2011. The standard atomic weight of germanium, A<sub>r</sub>(Ge), was also changed to 72.63(1) from 72.64(1).","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry","doi":"10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14","issn":"00334545","usgsCitation":"Wieser, M., and Coplen, T.B., 2011, Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report): Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 83, no. 2, p. 359-396, https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-10-09-14","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec8e4b0c8380cd49f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieser, M.E.","contributorId":42856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieser","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036816,"text":"70036816 - 2011 - New aerial survey and hierarchical model to estimate manatee abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T19:11:32.387533","indexId":"70036816","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New aerial survey and hierarchical model to estimate manatee abundance","docAbstract":"<p>Monitoring the response of endangered and protected species to hydrological restoration is a major component of the adaptive management framework of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. The endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) lives at the marine-freshwater interface in southwest Florida and is likely to be affected by hydrologic restoration. To provide managers with prerestoration information on distribution and abundance for postrestoration comparison, we developed and implemented a new aerial survey design and hierarchical statistical model to estimate and map abundance of manatees as a function of patch-specific habitat characteristics, indicative of manatee requirements for offshore forage (seagrass), inland fresh drinking water, and warm-water winter refuge. We estimated the number of groups of manatees from dual-observer counts and estimated the number of individuals within groups by removal sampling. Our model is unique in that we jointly analyzed group and individual counts using assumptions that allow probabilities of group detection to depend on group size. Ours is the first analysis of manatee aerial surveys to model spatial and temporal abundance of manatees in association with habitat type while accounting for imperfect detection. We conducted the study in the Ten Thousand Islands area of southwestern Florida, USA, which was expected to be affected by the Picayune Strand Restoration Project to restore hydrology altered for a failed real-estate development. We conducted 11 surveys in 2006, spanning the cold, dry season and warm, wet season. To examine short-term and seasonal changes in distribution we flew paired surveys 1–2 days apart within a given month during the year. Manatees were sparsely distributed across the landscape in small groups. Probability of detection of a group increased with group size; the magnitude of the relationship between group size and detection probability varied among surveys. Probability of detection of individual manatees within a group also differed among surveys, ranging from a low of 0.27 on 11 January to a high of 0.73 on 8 August. During winter surveys, abundance was always higher inland at Port of the Islands (POI), a manatee warm-water aggregation site, than in the other habitat types. During warm-season surveys, highest abundances were estimated in offshore habitat where manatees forage on seagrass. Manatees continued to use POI in summer, but in lower numbers than in winter, possibly to drink freshwater. Abundance in other inland systems and inshore bays was low compared to POI in winter and summer, possibly because of low availability of freshwater. During cold weather, maps of patch abundance of paired surveys showed daily changes in manatee distribution associated with rapid changes in air and water temperature as manatees sought warm water with falling temperatures and seagrass areas with increasing temperatures. Within a habitat type, some patches had higher manatee abundance suggesting differences in quality, possibly due to freshwater flow. If hydrological restoration alters the location of quality habitat, postrestoration comparisons using our methods will document how manatees adjust to new resources, providing managers with information on spatial needs for further monitoring or management. Total abundance for the entire area was similar among survey dates. Credible intervals however were large on a few surveys, and may limit our ability to statistically detect trends in total abundance. Additional modeling of abundance with time- and patch-specific covariates of salinity, water temperature, and seagrass abundance will directly link manatee abundance with physical and biological changes due to restoration and should decrease uncertainty of estimates</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.41","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C.A., Dorazio, R., Stith, B., and Doyle, T., 2011, New aerial survey and hierarchical model to estimate manatee abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 2, p. 399-412, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.41.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"412","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217457,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.41"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Ten Thousand Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.76986694335938,\n              25.81101826700782\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.45263671875,\n              25.81101826700782\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.45263671875,\n              26.061717616104055\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76986694335938,\n              26.061717616104055\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76986694335938,\n              25.81101826700782\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6550e4b0c8380cd72b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":172151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stith, B.M.","contributorId":53741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doyle, T.J.","contributorId":103489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034021,"text":"70034021 - 2011 - A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034021","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations","docAbstract":"It is known that GPS time series contain a seasonal variation that is not due to tectonic motions, and it has recently been shown that crustal seismic velocities may also vary seasonally. In order to explain these changes, a number of hypotheses have been given, among which thermoelastic and hydrology-induced stresses and strains are leading candidates. Unfortunately, though, since a general framework does not exist for understanding such seasonal variations, it is currently not possible to quickly evaluate the plausibility of these hypotheses. To fill this gap in the literature, I generalize a two-dimensional thermoelastic strain model to provide an analytic solution for the displacements and wave speed changes due to either thermoelastic stresses or hydrologic loading, which consists of poroelastic stresses and purely elastic stresses. The thermoelastic model assumes a periodic surface temperature, and the hydrologic models similarly assume a periodic near-surface water load. Since all three models are two-dimensional and periodic, they are expected to only approximate any realistic scenario; but the models nonetheless provide a quantitative framework for estimating the effects of thermoelastic and hydrologic variations. Quantitative comparison between the models and observations is further complicated by the large uncertainty in some of the relevant parameters. Despite this uncertainty, though, I find that maximum realistic thermoelastic effects are unlikely to explain a large fraction of the observed annual variation in a typical GPS displacement time series or of the observed annual variations in seismic wave speeds in southern California. Hydrologic loading, on the other hand, may be able to explain a larger fraction of both the annual variations in displacements and seismic wave speeds. Neither model is likely to explain all of the seismic wave speed variations inferred from observations. However, more definitive conclusions cannot be made until the model parameters are better constrained. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JB008156","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tsai, V., 2011, A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008156.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475434,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb008156","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008156"},{"id":244569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46be4b0c8380cd4665b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, V.C.","contributorId":41661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036756,"text":"70036756 - 2011 - Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70036756","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope","docAbstract":"The distribution of soil moisture in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope is a transient, variably saturated physical process controlled by rainfall characteristics, hillslope geometry, and the hydrological properties of the hillslope materials. The major driving mechanisms for moisture movement are gravity and gradients in matric potential. The latter is solely controlled by gradients of moisture content. In a homogeneous and isotropic saturated hillslope, absent a gradient in moisture content and under the driving force of gravity with a constant pressure boundary at the slope surface, flow is always in the lateral downslope direction, under either transient or steady state conditions. However, under variably saturated conditions, both gravity and moisture content gradients drive fluid motion, leading to complex flow patterns. In general, the flow field near the ground surface is variably saturated and transient, and the direction of flow could be laterally downslope, laterally upslope, or vertically downward. Previous work has suggested that prevailing rainfall conditions are sufficient to completely control these flow regimes. This work, however, shows that under time-varying rainfall conditions, vertical, downslope, and upslope lateral flow can concurrently occur at different depths and locations within the hillslope. More importantly, we show that the state of wetting or drying in a hillslope defines the temporal and spatial regimes of flow and when and where laterally downslope and/or laterally upslope flow occurs. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010003","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Lu, N., Kaya, B., and Godt, J., 2011, Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010003.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217853,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010003"},{"id":245825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01b9e4b0c8380cd4fd24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, N.","contributorId":96025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaya, B.S.","contributorId":100226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaya","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036668,"text":"70036668 - 2011 - Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T17:00:30.039285","indexId":"70036668","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate estimation of nutrient loads in rivers and streams is critical for many applications including determination of sources of nutrient loads in watersheds, evaluating long-term trends in loads, and estimating loading to downstream waterbodies. Since in many cases nutrient concentrations are measured on a weekly or monthly frequency, there is a need to estimate concentration and loads during periods when no data is available. The objectives of this study were to: (i) document the performance of a multiple regression model to predict loads of nitrate and total phosphorus (TP) in Iowa rivers and streams; (ii) determine whether there is any systematic bias in the load prediction estimates for nitrate and TP; and (iii) evaluate&nbsp;streamflow&nbsp;and concentration factors that could affect the load prediction efficiency. A commonly cited rating curve regression is utilized to estimate riverine nitrate and TP loads for rivers in Iowa with watershed areas ranging from 17.4 to over 34,600</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. Forty-nine nitrate and 44 TP datasets each comprising 5–22</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years of approximately weekly to monthly concentrations were examined. Three nitrate data sets had sample collection frequencies averaging about three samples per week. The accuracy and precision of annual and long term riverine load prediction was assessed by direct comparison of rating curve load predictions with observed daily loads. Significant positive bias of annual and long term nitrate loads was detected. Long term rating curve nitrate load predictions exceeded observed loads by 25% or more at 33% of the 49 measurement sites. No bias was found for TP load prediction although 15% of the 44 cases either underestimated or overestimate observed long-term loads by more than 25%. The rating curve was found to poorly characterize nitrate and phosphorus variation in some rivers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Stenback, G., Crumpton, W., Schilling, K.E., and Helmers, M., 2011, Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 396, no. 1-2, p. 158-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Iowa River 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,{"id":70036643,"text":"70036643 - 2011 - A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable and toxic after dietary exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T12:27:17","indexId":"70036643","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2809,"text":"Nanotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable and toxic after dietary exposures","docAbstract":"<p>If engineered nanomaterials are released into the environment, some are likely to end up associated with the food of animals due to aggregation and sorption processes. However, few studies have considered dietary exposure of nanomaterials. Here we show that zinc (Zn) from isotopically modified 67ZnO particles is efficiently assimilated by freshwater snails when ingested with food. The 67Zn from nano-sized 67ZnO appears as bioavailable as 67Zn internalized by diatoms. Apparent agglomeration of the zinc oxide (ZnO) particles did not reduce bioavailability, nor preclude toxicity. In the diet, ZnO nanoparticles damage digestion: snails ate less, defecated less and inefficiently processed the ingested food when exposed to high concentrations of ZnO. It was not clear whether the toxicity was due to the high Zn dose achieved with nanoparticles or to the ZnO nanoparticles themselves. Further study of exposure from nanoparticles in food would greatly benefit assessment of ecological and human health risks.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nanotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Informa UK, Ltd.","doi":"10.3109/17435390.2010.501914","issn":"17435390","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M.N., Dybowska, A., Luoma, S., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2011, A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable and toxic after dietary exposures: Nanotoxicology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 79-90, https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2010.501914.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2010.501914"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c6e4b0c8380cd46906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dybowska, A.D.","contributorId":85443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036548,"text":"70036548 - 2011 - A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-13T06:37:10","indexId":"70036548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus","docAbstract":"Life is mostly composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Although these six elements make up nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids and thus the bulk of living matter, it is theoretically possible that some other elements in the periodic table could serve the same functions. Here, we describe a bacterium, strain GFAJ-1 of the Halomonadaceae, isolated from Mono Lake, California, that is able to substitute arsenic for phosphorus to sustain its growth. Our data show evidence for arsenate in macromolecules that normally contain phosphate, most notably nucleic acids and proteins. Exchange of one of the major bio-elements may have profound evolutionary and geochemical importance.","language":"English","publisher":"Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1197258","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Wolfe-Simon, F., Blum, J.S., Kulp, T., Rattray, G.W., Hoeft, S., Pett-Ridge, J., Stolz, J., Webb, S., Weber, P., Davies, P., Anbar, A., and Oremland, R., 2011, A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus: Science, v. 332, no. 6034, p. 1163-1166, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197258.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1166","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1016932","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"332","issue":"6034","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e316e4b0c8380cd45dff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe-Simon, Felisa","contributorId":37167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe-Simon","given":"Felisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, Jodi S. jsblum@usgs.gov","contributorId":4263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Jodi","email":"jsblum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulp, T.R.","contributorId":33032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoeft, S.E.","contributorId":24479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pett-Ridge, J.","contributorId":47129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pett-Ridge","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Webb, S.M.","contributorId":12959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weber, P.K.","contributorId":53574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Davies, P.C.W.","contributorId":21015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"P.C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Anbar, A.D.","contributorId":36365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anbar","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70036221,"text":"70036221 - 2011 - Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T07:50:14","indexId":"70036221","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model","docAbstract":"<p>Coupled intragrain diffusional mass transfer and nonlinear surface complexation processes play an important role in the transport behavior of U(VI) in contaminated aquifers. Two alternative model approaches for simulating these coupled processes were analyzed and compared: (1) the physical nonequilibrium approach that explicitly accounts for aqueous speciation and instantaneous surface complexation reactions in the intragrain regions and approximates the diffusive mass exchange between the immobile intragrain pore water and the advective pore water as multirate first-order mass transfer and (2) the chemical nonequilibrium approach that approximates the diffusion-limited intragrain surface complexation reactions by a set of multiple first-order surface complexation reaction kinetics, thereby eliminating the explicit treatment of aqueous speciation in the intragrain pore water. A model comparison has been carried out for column and field scale scenarios, representing the highly transient hydrological and geochemical conditions in the U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at the Hanford 300A site, Washington, USA. It was found that the response of U(VI) mass transfer behavior to hydrogeochemically induced changes in U(VI) adsorption strength was more pronounced in the physical than in the chemical nonequilibrium model. The magnitude of the differences in model behavior depended particularly on the degree of disequilibrium between the advective and immobile phase U(VI) concentrations. While a clear difference in U(VI) transport behavior between the two models was noticeable for the column-scale scenarios, only minor differences were found for the Hanford 300A field scale scenarios, where the model-generated disequilibrium conditions were less pronounced as a result of frequent groundwater flow reversals.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010118","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Greskowiak, J., Hay, M., Prommer, H., Liu, C., Post, V., Ma, R., Davis, J., Zheng, C., and Zachara, J., 2011, Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010118.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fcae4b08c986b319133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greskowiak, J.","contributorId":21002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greskowiak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, M.B.","contributorId":30078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prommer, H.","contributorId":12264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prommer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, C.","contributorId":67755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Post, V.E.A.","contributorId":56078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"V.E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ma, R.","contributorId":17458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zheng, C.","contributorId":39976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zachara, J.M.","contributorId":96896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036502,"text":"70036502 - 2011 - Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:11:04","indexId":"70036502","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California","title":"Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oocysts of the protozoan pathogen&nbsp;</span><i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>are of particular concern for riverbank filtration (RBF) operations because of their persistence, ubiquity, and resistance to chlorine disinfection. At the Russian River RBF site (Sonoma County, CA), transport of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C. parvum</i><span>oocysts and oocyst-sized (3 μm) carboxylate-modified microspheres through poorly sorted (sorting indices, σ</span><sub>1</sub><span>, up to 3.0) and geochemically heterogeneous sediments collected between 2 and 25 m below land surface (bls) were assessed. Removal was highly sensitive to variations in both the quantity of extractable metals (mainly Fe and Al) and degree of grain sorting. In flow-through columns, there was a log–linear relationship (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.82 at<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.002) between collision efficiency (α, the probability that colloidal collisions with grain surfaces would result in attachment) and extractable metals, and a linear relationship (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.99 at<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.002) between α and σ</span><sub>1</sub><span>. Collectively, variability in extractable metals and grain sorting accounted for ∼83% of the variability in α (at<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.0002) along the depth profiles. Amendments of 2.2 mg L</span><sup>–1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of Russian River dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reduced α for oocysts by 4–5 fold. The highly reactive hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) fraction was particularly effective in re-entraining sediment-attached microspheres. However, the transport-enhancing effects of the riverine DOC did not appear to penetrate very deeply into the underlying sediments, judging from high α values (∼1.0) observed for oocysts being advected through unamended sediments collected at ∼2 m bls. This study suggests that in evaluating the efficacy of RBF operations to remove oocysts, it may be necessary to consider not only the geochemical nature and size distribution of the sediment grains, but also the degrees of sediment sorting and the concentration, reactivity, and penetration of the source water DOC.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es200544p","usgsCitation":"Metge, D., Harvey, R., Aiken, G., Anders, R., Lincoln, G., Jasperse, J., and Hill, M.C., 2011, Effects of sediment-associated extractable metals, degree of sediment grain sorting, and dissolved organic carbon upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal and transport within riverbank filtration sediments, Sonoma County, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 13, p. 5587-5595, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200544p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5587","endPage":"5595","ipdsId":"IP-027485","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances 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,{"id":70036500,"text":"70036500 - 2011 - Coordinating standards and applications for optical water quality sensor networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036500","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coordinating standards and applications for optical water quality sensor networks","docAbstract":"Joint USGS-CUAHSI Workshop: In Situ Optical Water Quality Sensor Networks; Shepherdstown, West Virginia, 8-10 June 2011; Advanced in situ optical water quality sensors and new techniques for data analysis hold enormous promise for advancing scientific understanding of aquatic systems through measurements of important biogeochemical parameters at the time scales over which they vary. High-frequency and real-time water quality data also provide the opportunity for early warning of water quality deterioration, trend detection, and science-based decision support. However, developing networks of optical sensors in freshwater systems that report reliable and comparable data across and between sites remains a challenge to the research and monitoring community. To address this, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI), convened a 3-day workshop to explore ways to coordinate development of standards and applications for optical sensors, as well as handling, storage, and analysis of the continuous data they produce.","largerWorkTitle":"Eos","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011EO300003","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B., and Pellerin, B., 2011, Coordinating standards and applications for optical water quality sensor networks, <i>in</i> Eos, v. 92, no. 30, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO300003.","startPage":"251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475324,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo300003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO300003"},{"id":246556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf0e4b0c8380cd4e043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, B. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":47219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, B.","contributorId":37047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036463,"text":"70036463 - 2011 - What is the role of fresh groundwater and recirculated seawater in conveying nutrients to the coastal ocean?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T12:06:13.636896","indexId":"70036463","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What is the role of fresh groundwater and recirculated seawater in conveying nutrients to the coastal ocean?","docAbstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a major process operating at the land-sea interface. Quantifying the SGD nutrient loads and the marine/terrestrial controls of this transport is of high importance, especially in oligotrophic seas such as the eastern Mediterranean. The fluxes of nutrients in groundwater discharging from the seafloor at Dor Bay (southeastern Mediterranean) were studied in detail using seepage meters. Our main finding is that the terrestrial, fresh groundwater is the main conveyor of DIN and silica to the coastal water, with loads of 500 and 560 mol/yr, respectively, per 1 m shoreline. Conversely, recirculated seawater is nutrient-poor, and its role is mainly as a dilution agent. The nutrient loads regenerated in the subterranean estuary (sub-bay sediment) are relatively small, consisting mostly of ammonium (24 mol/yr). On the other hand, the subterranean estuary at Dor Bay sequesters as much as 100 mol N/yr per 1 m shoreline, mainly via denitrification processes. These, and observations from other SGD sites, imply that the subterranean estuary at some coastal systems may function more as a sink for nitrogen than a source. This further questions the extent of nutrient contributions to the coastal water by some subterranean estuaries and warrants systematic evaluation of this process in various hydrological and marine trophic conditions. ?? 2011 American Chemical Society.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es104394r","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Weinstein, Y., Yechieli, Y., Shalem, Y., Burnett, W.C., Swarzenski, P.W., and Herut, B., 2011, What is the role of fresh groundwater and recirculated seawater in conveying nutrients to the coastal ocean?: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 45, no. 12, p. 5195-5200, https://doi.org/10.1021/es104394r.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5195","endPage":"5200","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Dor Bay, Mediterranean Sea","volume":"45","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd040e4b08c986b32ed50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinstein, Yishai","contributorId":44404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"Yishai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yechieli, Yoseph","contributorId":95320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yechieli","given":"Yoseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shalem, Yehuda","contributorId":116807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shalem","given":"Yehuda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnett, William C.","contributorId":116552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herut, Barak","contributorId":119266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herut","given":"Barak","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70189939,"text":"70189939 - 2011 - Mechanics of flow and sediment transport in delta distributary channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:34:11","indexId":"70189939","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mechanics of flow and sediment transport in delta distributary channels","docAbstract":"Predicting the planform and dimensions of a channel downstream from a confluence of two smaller channels with known sediment and water supplies is a fundamental, well-studied problem in geomorphology and engineering. An analogous but less well understood problem is found\nwell downstream of such confluences, where large river channels split into two or more distributary channels on a river delta. In this case, both the flow and sediment supplies in the downstream distributaries are set by the dynamics near the bifurcation of the upstream channel and by downstream\nboundary conditions. Over time, the pattern of erosion and deposition in the distributary channels gives rise to variations in the amount of water and sediment routed into them. In the simplest case, this results in channel switching on deltas, but in a more general sense these dynamics produce a rich suite of interesting morphologic change contributing both to the evolution of the channel distributary network and the overall evolution of the delta. As part of a study to develop a better understanding of these processes, we conducted a field study measuring the detailed morphology of the Hong-Luoc junction on the Red River downstream of Hanoi, Vietnam. This junction was selected for such a study because it has a 1,000-year history, modern observations suggest that it is currently switching (changing the proportion of sediment and streamflow provided to each of the distributary channels), and hydrologic configuration of the junction allows for the study of two bifurcations and one confluence in a single junction complex. In this paper, our morphologic observations are used in computational flow models to show how flow and sediment transport changes as a function of total discharge upstream of the junction. This is a key component of understanding how the junction attains stability over a range of flows or how imbalances in the distribution of flow and sediment transport lead to destabilization of the channel bifurcation.","conferenceTitle":"2011 EIT International Conference on Water Resources Engineering","language":"English","publisher":"Proceeding of the 2011 EIT International Conference on Water Resources Engineering","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.M., Kinzel, P.J., Duc Toan, D., Shimizu, Y., and McDonald, R.R., 2011, Mechanics of flow and sediment transport in delta distributary channels, 2011 EIT International Conference on Water Resources Engineering, p. 8-14.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-030356","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afef572e4b0da30c1bfc90e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duc Toan, Duong","contributorId":195348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duc Toan","given":"Duong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimizu, Yasuyuki","contributorId":28875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Yasuyuki","affiliations":[{"id":25249,"text":"Univ. of Hokkaido, Sapporo,Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033807,"text":"70033807 - 2011 - Removal of inorganic mercury and methylmercury from surface waters following coagulation of dissolved organic matter with metal-based salts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T17:01:12","indexId":"70033807","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of inorganic mercury and methylmercury from surface waters following coagulation of dissolved organic matter with metal-based salts","docAbstract":"The presence of inorganic mercury (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in surface waters is a health concern worldwide. This study assessed the removal potential use of metal-based coagulants as a means to remove both dissolved IHg and MeHg from natural waters and provides information regarding the importance of Hg associations with the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction and metal hydroxides. Previous research indicated coagulants were not effective at removing Hg from solution; however these studies used high concentrations of Hg and did not reflect naturally occurring concentrations of Hg. In this study, water collected from an agricultural drain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta was filtered to isolate the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction. The DOM was then treated with a range of coagulant doses to determine the efficacy of removing all forms of Hg from solution. Three industrial-grade coagulants were tested: ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride. Coagulation removed up to 85% of DOM from solution. In the absence of DOM, all three coagulants released IHg into solution, however in the presence of DOM the coagulants removed up to 97% of IHg and 80% of MeHg. Results suggest that the removal of Hg is mediated by DOM-coagulant interactions. There was a preferential association of IHg with the more aromatic, higher molecular weight fraction of DOM but no such relationship was found for MeHg. This study offers new fundamental insights regarding large-scale removal of Hg at environmentally relevant regarding large-scale removal of Hg at environmentally relevant concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.030","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Henneberry, Y., Kraus, T., Fleck, J., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Bachand, P., and Horwath, W., 2011, Removal of inorganic mercury and methylmercury from surface waters following coagulation of dissolved organic matter with metal-based salts: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 3, p. 631-637, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.030.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"631","endPage":"637","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"409","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa72ce4b0c8380cd8527f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henneberry, Y.K.","contributorId":71402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henneberry","given":"Y.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraus, T.E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":9758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"T.E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, J.A. 0000-0002-3217-3972","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":35864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, P.M.","contributorId":54805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horwath, W.R.","contributorId":14652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horwath","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036388,"text":"70036388 - 2011 - The high life: Transport of microbes in the atmosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-10T17:50:27.990713","indexId":"70036388","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The high life: Transport of microbes in the atmosphere","docAbstract":"Microbes (bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses) are the most successful types of life on Earth because of their ability to adapt to new environments, reproduce quickly, and disperse globally. Dispersal occurs through a number of vectors, such as migrating animals or the hydrological cycle, but transport by wind may be the most common way microbes spread. General awareness of airborne microbes predates the science of microbiology. People took advantage of wild airborne yeasts to cultivate lighter, more desirable bread as far back as ancient Egypt by simply leaving a mixture of grain and liquids near an open window. In 1862, Louis Pasteur's quest to disprove spontaneous generation resulted in the discovery that microbes were actually single-celled, living creatures, prevalent in the environment and easily killed with heat (pasteurization). His rudimentary experiments determined that any nutrient medium left open to the air would eventually teem with microbial life because of free-floating, colonizing cells. The same can happen in a kitchen: Opportunistic fungal and bacterial cells cause food items exposed to the air to eventually spoil.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO300001","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Griffin, D., and Jaffe, D., 2011, The high life: Transport of microbes in the atmosphere: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 30, p. 249-250, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO300001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo300001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb8e4b08c986b3236ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.J.","contributorId":48417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":455864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, D.A.","contributorId":43713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033846,"text":"70033846 - 2011 - Lake carbonate-δ<sup>18</sup> records from the Yukon Territory, Canada: Little Ice Age moisture variability and patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-12T11:48:59","indexId":"70033846","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake carbonate-δ<sup>18</sup> records from the Yukon Territory, Canada: Little Ice Age moisture variability and patterns","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 1000-yr history of climate change in the central Yukon Territory, Canada, is inferred from sediment composition and isotope geochemistry from small, groundwater fed, Seven Mile Lake. Recent observations of lake-water &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, lake level, river discharge, and climate variations, suggest that changes in regional effective moisture (precipitation minus evaporation) are reflected by the lake&rsquo;s hydrologic balance. The observations indicate that the lake is currently&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-enriched by summer evaporation and that during years of increased precipitation, when groundwater inflow rates to the lake increase, lake-water &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values decrease. Past lake-water &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values are inferred from oxygen isotope ratios of fine-grained sedimentary endogenic carbonate. Variations in carbonate &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, supplemented by those in carbonate and organic &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C, C/N ratios, and organic carbon, carbonate and biogenic silica accumulation rates, document changes in effective moisture at decadal time scales during the early Little Ice Age period to present. Results indicate that between &sim;AD 1000 and 1600, effective moisture was higher than today. A shift to more arid climate conditions occurred after &sim;AD 1650. The 19th and 20th centuries have been the driest of the past millennium. Temporal variations correspond with inferred shifts in summer evaporation from Marcella Lake &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, a similarly small, stratified, alkaline lake located &sim;250&nbsp;km to the southwest, suggesting that the combined reconstructions accurately document the regional paleoclimate of the east-central interior. Comparison with regional glacial activity suggests differing regional moisture patterns during early and late Little Ice Age advances.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.005","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L., Finney, B., and Shapley, M.D., 2011, Lake carbonate-δ<sup>18</sup> records from the Yukon Territory, Canada: Little Ice Age moisture variability and patterns: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 30, no. 7-8, p. 887-898, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"887","endPage":"898","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.005"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              69.65708627301174\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.48632812499999,\n              69.65708627301174\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.48632812499999,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a415ae4b0c8380cd654c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Lesleigh 0000-0002-5264-089X land@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-089X","contributorId":436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lesleigh","email":"land@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finney, Bruce P.","contributorId":88074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"Bruce P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapley, Mark D.","contributorId":74974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapley","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036356,"text":"70036356 - 2011 - Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T23:38:31","indexId":"70036356","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context","docAbstract":"We synthesize existing evidence on the ecological history of the Florida Everglades since its inception ~7 ka (calibrated kiloannum) and evaluate the relative impacts of sea level rise, climate variability, and human alteration of Everglades hydrology on wetland plant communities. Initial freshwater peat accumulation began between 6 and 7 ka on the platform underlying modern Florida Bay when sea level was ~6.2 m below its current position. By 5 ka, sawgrass and waterlily peats covered the area bounded by Lake Okeechobee to the north and the Florida Keys to the south. Slower rates of relative sea level rise ~3 ka stabilized the south Florida coastline and initiated transitions from freshwater to mangrove peats near the coast. Hydrologic changes in freshwater marshes also are indicated ~3 ka. During the last ~2 ka, the Everglades wetland was affected by a series of hydrologic fluctuations related to regional to global-scale fluctuations in climate and sea level. Pollen evidence indicates that regional-scale droughts lasting two to four centuries occurred ~1 ka and ~0.4 ka, altering wetland community composition and triggering development of characteristic Everglades habitats such as sawgrass ridges and tree islands. Intercalation of mangrove peats with estuarine muds ~1 ka indicates a temporary slowing or stillstand of sea level. Although sustained droughts and Holocene sea level rise played large roles in structuring the greater Everglades ecosystem, twentieth century reductions in freshwater flow, compartmentalization of the wetland, and accelerated rates of sea level rise had unprecedented impacts on oxidation and subsidence of organic soils, changes/loss of key Everglades habitats, and altered distribution of coastal vegetation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Willard, D., and Bernhardt, C., 2011, Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context: Climatic Change, v. 107, no. 1, p. 59-80, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.52,24.85 ], [ -81.52,25.89 ], [ -80.39,25.89 ], [ -80.39,24.85 ], [ -81.52,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38f2e4b0c8380cd6174b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, Debra  A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra  A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036332,"text":"70036332 - 2011 - Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:03:05","indexId":"70036332","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Quantifying changes in thermokarst lake extent is of importance for understanding the permafrost-related carbon budget, including the potential release of carbon via lake expansion or sequestration as peat in drained lake basins. We used high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery from 1950/51, 1978, and 2006/07 to quantify changes in thermokarst lakes for a 700 km<sup>2</sup> area on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The number of water bodies larger than 0.1 ha increased over the entire observation period (666 to 737 or +10.7%); however, total surface area decreased (5,066 ha to 4,312 ha or -14.9%). This pattern can largely be explained by the formation of remnant ponds following partial drainage of larger water bodies. Thus, analysis of large lakes (&gt;40 ha) shows a decrease of 24% and 26% in number and area, respectively, differing from lake changes reported from other continuous permafrost regions. Thermokarst lake expansion rates did not change substantially between 1950/51 and 1978 (0.35 m/yr) and 1978 and 2006/07 (0.39 m/yr). However, most lakes that drained did expand as a result of surface permafrost degradation before lateral drainage. Drainage rates over the observation period were stable (2.2 to 2.3 per year). Thus, analysis of decadal-scale, high spatial resolution imagery has shown that lake drainage in this region is triggered by lateral breaching and not subterranean infiltration. Future research should be directed toward better understanding thermokarst lake dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution as these systems have implications for landscape-scale hydrology and carbon budgets in thermokarst lake-rich regions in the circum-Arctic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001666","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Arp, C., Jones, M., Walter, A.K., and Romanovsky, V., 2011, Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 116, no. G2, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001666.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475306,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jg001666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001666"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 140.3,51.2 ], [ 140.3,73.3 ], [ -130.0,73.3 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 140.3,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"G2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca4e4b0c8380cd6fe46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, M.C.","contributorId":62446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, Anthony K.M.","contributorId":49633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033900,"text":"70033900 - 2011 - Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T12:11:46","indexId":"70033900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells","docAbstract":"The effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow patterns on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements were examined in five hydrologically distinct aquifer systems in the USA. Although naturally occurring, these trace elements can exceed concentrations that are considered harmful to human health. The results show that pumping-induced hydraulic gradient changes and artificial connection of aquifers by well screens can mix chemically distinct groundwater. Chemical reactions between these mixed groundwaters and solid aquifer materials can result in the mobilization of trace elements such as U, As and Ra, with subsequent transport to water-supply wells. For example, in the High Plains aquifer near York, Nebraska, mixing of shallow, oxygenated, lower-pH water from an unconfined aquifer with deeper, confined, anoxic, higher-pH water is facilitated by wells screened across both aquifers. The resulting higher-O2, lower-pH mixed groundwater facilitated the mobilization of U from solid aquifer materials, and dissolved U concentrations were observed to increase significantly in nearby supply wells. Similar instances of trace element mobilization due to human-induced mixing of groundwaters were documented in: (1) the Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida (As and U), (2) Paleozoic sedimentary aquifers in eastern Wisconsin (As), (3) the basin-fill aquifer underlying the California Central Valley near Modesto (U), and (4) Coastal Plain aquifers of New Jersey (Ra). Adverse water-quality impacts attributed to human activities are commonly assumed to be related solely to the release of the various anthropogenic contaminants to the environment. The results show that human activities including various land uses, well drilling, and pumping rates and volumes can adversely impact the quality of water in supply wells, when associated with naturally-occurring trace elements in aquifer materials. This occurs by causing subtle but significant changes in geochemistry and associated trace element mobilization as well as enhancing advective transport processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Szabo, Z., Focazio, M., and Eberts, S.M., 2011, Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 5, p. 747-762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"762","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.33203125,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3671875,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.97656249999999,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              27.68352808378776\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.90234375,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              25.48295117535531\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46484375,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70703125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.30078125,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.48828125,\n              40.84706035607122\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              43.83452678223682\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.78515625,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8671875,\n              49.38237278700955\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071ae4b0c8380cd51569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033904,"text":"70033904 - 2011 - Using multi-source satellite data for lake level modelling in ungauged basins: A case study for Lake Turkana, East Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033904","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1929,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multi-source satellite data for lake level modelling in ungauged basins: A case study for Lake Turkana, East Africa","docAbstract":"Managing limited surface water resources is a great challenge in areas where ground-based data are either limited or unavailable. Direct or indirect measurements of surface water resources through remote sensing offer several advantages of monitoring in ungauged basins. A physical based hydrologic technique to monitor lake water levels in ungauged basins using multi-source satellite data such as satellite-based rainfall estimates, modelled runoff, evapotranspiration, a digital elevation model, and other data is presented. This approach is applied to model Lake Turkana water levels from 1998 to 2009. Modelling results showed that the model can reasonably capture all the patterns and seasonal variations of the lake water level fluctuations. A composite lake level product of TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and ENVISAT satellite altimetry data is used for model calibration (1998-2000) and model validation (2001-2009). Validation results showed that model-based lake levels are in good agreement with observed satellite altimetry data. Compared to satellite altimetry data, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was found to be 0.81 during the validation period. The model efficiency estimated using NSCE is found to be 0.93, 0.55 and 0.66 for calibration, validation and combined periods, respectively. Further, the model-based estimates showed a root mean square error of 0.62 m and mean absolute error of 0.46 m with a positive mean bias error of 0.36 m for the validation period (2001-2009). These error estimates were found to be less than 15 % of the natural variability of the lake, thus giving high confidence on the modelled lake level estimates. The approach presented in this paper can be used to (a) simulate patterns of lake water level variations in data scarce regions, (b) operationally monitor lake water levels in ungauged basins, (c) derive historical lake level information using satellite rainfall and evapotranspiration data, and (d) augment the information provided by the satellite altimetry systems on changes in lake water levels. ?? Author(s) 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/hessd-8-4851-2011","issn":"18122108","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N., Senay, G., and Asante, K., 2011, Using multi-source satellite data for lake level modelling in ungauged basins: A case study for Lake Turkana, East Africa: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, v. 8, no. 3, p. 4851-4890, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4851-2011.","startPage":"4851","endPage":"4890","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475384,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4851-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4851-2011"},{"id":242140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc074e4b08c986b32a12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, N.M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":66495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asante, K.O. 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":17051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036306,"text":"70036306 - 2011 - Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T10:04:19","indexId":"70036306","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The Powder River Basin is one of the largest producers of coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) in the United States. An important environmental concern in the Basin is the fate of the large amounts of groundwater extracted during CBNG production. Most of this produced water is disposed of in unlined surface impoundments. A 6-year study of groundwater flow and water chemistry at one impoundment, Skewed Reservoir, has produced the most detailed data set for any impoundment in the Basin. Data were collected from a network of 21 observation wells and three suction lysimeters. A groundwater mound formed atop bedrock within initially unsaturated, unconsolidated deposits underlying the reservoir. Heterogeneity in physical and chemical properties of sediments resulted in complex groundwater flow paths and highly variable groundwater chemistry. Sulfate, bicarbonate, sodium, and magnesium were the dominant ions in all areas, but substantial variability existed in relative concentrations; pH varied from less than 3 to more than 9, and total dissolved solids concentrations ranged from less than 5000 to greater than 100,000&nbsp;mg/L. Selenium was a useful tracer of reservoir water; selenium concentrations exceeded 300&nbsp;μg/L in samples obtained from 18 of the 24 sampling points. Groundwater travel time from the reservoir to a nearby alluvial aquifer (a linear distance of 177&nbsp;m) was calculated at 474&nbsp;days on the basis of selenium concentrations. The produced water is not the primary source of solutes in the groundwater. Naturally occurring salts and minerals within the unsaturated zone, dissolved and mobilized by infiltrating impoundment water, account for most of the solute mass in groundwater. Gypsum dissolution, cation-exchange, and pyrite oxidation appear to be important reactions. The complex geochemistry and groundwater flow paths at the study site underscore the difficulty in assessing effects of surface impoundments on water resources within the Powder River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.042","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., Bartos, T., Rice, C.A., McKinley, M., and Smith, B.D., 2011, Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 403, no. 1-2, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.042.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-023386","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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,{"id":70033935,"text":"70033935 - 2011 - Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T11:26:13.146758","indexId":"70033935","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Monitoring a large volume CO<sub>2</sub> injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","title":"Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"sp000005\">\n<p>The Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) early project in western Mississippi has been testing monitoring tools and approaches to document storage efficiency and storage permanence under conditions of CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;EOR as well as downdip injection into brine. Denbury Onshore LLC is host for the study and has brought a depleted oil and gas reservoir, Cranfield Field, under CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;flood. Injection was started in July 2008 and has now achieved injection rates greater than 1.2 million tons/year though 23 wells, with cumulative mass injected as of August, 2010 of 2.2 million metric tons. Injection is into coarse grained fluvial deposits of the Cretaceous lower Tuscaloosa Formation in a gentle anticline at depths of 3300 m. A team of researchers from 10 institutions has collected data from five study areas, each with a different goal and different spatial and temporal scale.</p>\n<p>The Phase 2 study began at the start of injection and has been using pressure and temperature as a tool for assessing permanence mostly in the oil productive interval. Real-time read-out shows high sensitivity to distant changes in injection rate and confirms the geologic model of reservoir compartmentalization. Above-zone pressure monitoring &sim;120&nbsp;m above the injection interval is used to test the sensitivity of this approach for documentation of integrity of the confining system in an area of numerous well completions as pressure increase is induced in the reservoir by more than 70 bar.</p>\n<p>Monitoring of the High Volume Injection Test (HiVIT) area includes repeat measurements of aqueous geochemistry in the injection zone. Rock-water- CO<sub>2</sub>interactions in the reservoir as CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;dissolves are minimized by mineral &ldquo;armoring&rdquo; by abundant chlorite cement in high permeability reservoir sandstone. Geochemical monitoring of confined freshwater aquifers at depths of 70&ndash;100&nbsp;m is underway. Groundwater analysis focuses on assessment of the sensitivity of this method to detect leakage above background variability. A repeat seismic survey of the HiVIT is planned for late 2010 to assess saturation change especially in downdip brine-only areas.</p>\n<p>A study focused on feasibility of monitoring the shallow subsurface to separate leakage from normal complex surface fluxes is underway at an monitoring array installed in October 2009 to assess the interactions of recharge, soil gas, and shallow groundwater aquifers. Recent well re-entry and tracer injection will provide further information to interpret observed elevated deep-sourced methane.</p>\n<p>The Detailed Area Study (DAS) is collecting dense time-lapse data from closely-spaced three well array of an injector and two observation wells. The observation wells were completed with fiberglass casing to facilitate electrical resistance tomography (ERT) measurements, and a diverse array of instrumentation was both cemented behind casing and suspended on tubing. Injection started at the DAS December 1, 2009. We have measured pulsed neutron and resistivity via wireline, downhole and above-zone pressure, distributed temperature, and fluid chemistry including introduced pulses of perfluorocarbons, noble gases, and SF6 as tracers. Between wells, time-lapse crosswell seismic and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) are used to measure saturation change. The goals are to measure changes as fluids evolve from single phase (brine) to two phase (CO<sub>2</sub>&ndash;brine) in order to document linkages between pressure and sweep efficiency. A time-lapse VSP survey bridges the vertical resolution and areal coverage between cross-well and surface seismic. The repeat surveys for many tools are scheduled for September, 2010.</p>\n<p>Reservoir characterization based on cores, historic and new wireline log data, production history, hydrologic tests, fluid analysis, and a three-D seismic survey have been used in multiple numerical models to predict reservoir response in order to design effective monitoring strategies and optimize deployment. History matching of observed response to predicted response is used to interpret results and improve confidence in conceptual models and numerical approaches. Probabilistic methods have been used to assess the significant uncertainties resulting from reservoir heterogeneity.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>","conferenceTitle":"10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies","conferenceDate":"September 19-23, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Amsterdam","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.274","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Hovorka, S.D., Meckel, T.A., Trevino, R.H., Lu, J., Nicot, J., Choi, J., Freeman, D., Cook, P., Daley, T.M., Ajo-Franklin, J.B., Freifeild, B.M., Doughty, C., Carrigan, C.R., La Brecque, D., Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., Phelps, T.J., Yang, C., Romanak, K.D., Zhang, T., Holt, R.M., Lindler, J.S., and Butsch, R.J., 2011, Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA: Energy Procedia, v. 4, p. 3478-3485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.274.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3478","endPage":"3485","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.274","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.58477783203125,\n              31.005862904624205\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.99426269531249,\n              32.150036509965304\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.29937744140625,\n              32.26158802054523\n            ],\n            [\n     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M.","contributorId":175591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Lindler, Jeffery S.","contributorId":40438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindler","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Butsch, Robert J.","contributorId":101098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butsch","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70034449,"text":"70034449 - 2011 - Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T16:50:44.05911","indexId":"70034449","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China","docAbstract":"<p><span>Responses of hydrological processes to climate change are key components in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) assessment. Understanding these responses is critical for developing appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies for sustainable water resources management and protection of public safety. However, these responses are not well understood and little long‐term evidence exists. Herein, we show how climate change, specifically increased air temperature and storm intensity, can affect soil moisture dynamics and hydrological variables based on both long‐term observation and model simulations using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in an intact forested watershed (the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve) in Southern China. Our results show that, although total annual precipitation changed little from 1950 to 2009, soil moisture decreased significantly. A significant decline was also found in the monthly 7‐day low flow from 2000 to 2009. However, the maximum daily streamflow in the wet season and unconfined groundwater tables have significantly increased during the same 10‐year period. The significant decreasing trends on soil moisture and low flow variables suggest that the study watershed is moving towards drought‐like condition. Our analysis indicates that the intensification of rainfall storms and the increasing number of annual no‐rain days were responsible for the increasing chance of both droughts and floods. We conclude that climate change has indeed induced more extreme hydrological events (e.g. droughts and floods) in this watershed and perhaps other areas of Southern China. This study also demonstrated usefulness of our research methodology and its possible applications on quantifying the impacts of climate change on hydrology in any other watersheds where long‐term data are available and human disturbance is negligible.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Zhou, G., Wei, X., Wu, Y., Huang, Y., Yan, J., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Liu, J., Meng, Z., Wang, C., Chu, G., Liu, S., Tang, X., and Liu, X., 2011, Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China: Global Change Biology, v. 17, no. 12, p. 3736-3746, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3736","endPage":"3746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91e7e4b0c8380cd8052b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huang, Y.","contributorId":62000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yan, J.","contributorId":24480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Q.","contributorId":84163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meng, Z.","contributorId":54818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wang, C.","contributorId":50689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chu, G.","contributorId":87001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tang, X.","contributorId":43082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70034840,"text":"70034840 - 2011 - Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T13:07:41","indexId":"70034840","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler","docAbstract":"<p>A negative bias in discharge measurements made with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) can be caused by the movement of sediment on or near the streambed. The integration of a global positioning system (GPS) to track the movement of the ADCP can be used to avoid the systematic negative bias associated with a moving streambed. More than 500 discharge transects from 63 discharge measurements with GPS data were collected at sites throughout the US, Canada, and New Zealand with no moving bed to compare GPS and bottom-track-referenced discharges. Although the data indicated some statistical bias depending on site conditions and type of GPS data used, these biases were typically about 0.5% or less. An assessment of differential correction sources was limited by a lack of data collected in a range of different correction sources and different GPS receivers at the same sites. Despite this limitation, the data indicate that the use of Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) corrected positional data is acceptable for discharge measurements using GGA as the boat-velocity reference. The discharge data based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the VTG data string, which does not require differential correction, were comparable to the discharges based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the differentially-corrected GGA data string. Spatial variability of measure discharges referenced to GGA, VTG and bottom-tracking is higher near the channel banks. The spatial variability of VTG-referenced discharges is correlated with the spatial distribution of maximum Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) values and the spatial variability of GGA-referenced discharges is correlated with proximity to channel banks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.02.025","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., and Mueller, D.S., 2011, Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler: Journal of Hydrology, v. 401, no. 3-4, p. 250-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.02.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"401","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f853e4b0c8380cd4d015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036485,"text":"70036485 - 2011 - Estimation of mussel population response to hydrologic alteration in a southeastern U.S. stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T18:43:19.217828","indexId":"70036485","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of mussel population response to hydrologic alteration in a southeastern U.S. stream","docAbstract":"<p><span>The southeastern United States has experienced severe, recurrent drought, rapid human population growth, and increasing agricultural irrigation during recent decades, resulting in greater demand for the water resources. During the same time period, freshwater mussels (</span><i>Unioniformes</i><span>) in the region have experienced substantial population declines. Consequently, there is growing interest in determining how mussel population declines are related to activities associated with water resource development. Determining the causes of mussel population declines requires, in part, an understanding of the factors influencing mussel population dynamics. We developed Pradel reverse-time, tag-recapture models to estimate survival, recruitment, and population growth rates for three federally endangered mussel species in the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin, Georgia. The models were parameterized using mussel tag-recapture data collected over five consecutive years from Sawhatchee Creek, located in southwestern Georgia. Model estimates indicated that mussel survival was strongly and negatively related to high flows during the summer, whereas recruitment was strongly and positively related to flows during the spring and summer. Using these models, we simulated mussel population dynamics under historic (1940–1969) and current (1980–2008) flow regimes and under increasing levels of water use to evaluate the relative effectiveness of alternative minimum flow regulations. The simulations indicated that the probability of simulated mussel population extinction was at least 8 times greater under current hydrologic regimes. In addition, simulations of mussel extinction under varying levels of water use indicated that the relative risk of extinction increased with increased water use across a range of minimum flow regulations. The simulation results also indicated that our estimates of the effects of water use on mussel extinction were influenced by the assumptions about the dynamics of the system, highlighting the need for further study of mussel population dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00267-011-9688-2","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., Wisniewski, J., Shea, C., and Rhett, J.C., 2011, Estimation of mussel population response to hydrologic alteration in a southeastern U.S. stream: Environmental Management, v. 48, no. 1, p. 109-122, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9688-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-026955","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218353,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9688-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Sawhatchee Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.891357421875,\n              30.69933500437198\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.53979492187499,\n              30.704058230919504\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.48486328124999,\n              31.04822792454978\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.0396728515625,\n              31.024694128525137\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.979248046875,\n              30.817346256492073\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.9407958984375,\n              30.685163937659564\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.891357421875,\n              30.69933500437198\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b99e4b0c8380cd527bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wisniewski, J.M.","contributorId":65688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisniewski","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shea, C.P.","contributorId":92885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhett, Jackson C.","contributorId":54054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhett","given":"Jackson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044482,"text":"70044482 - 2011 - U.S. Geological Survey:   A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T11:47:27","indexId":"70044482","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey:   A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a multidisciplinary agency that provides assessments of natural resources (geological, hydrological, biological), the disturbances that affect those resources, and the disturbances that affect the built environment, natural landscapes, and human society. Until now, USGS map products have been generated and distributed primarily as 2-D maps, occasionally providing cross sections or overlays, but rarely allowing the ability to characterize and understand 3-D systems, how they change over time (4-D), and how they interact. And yet, technological advances in monitoring natural resources and the environment, the ever-increasing diversity of information needed for holistic assessments, and the intrinsic 3-D/4-D nature of the information obtained increases our need to generate, verify, analyze, interpret, confirm, store, and distribute its scientific information and products using 3-D/4-D visualization, analysis, modeling tools, and information frameworks. Today, USGS scientists use 3-D/4-D tools to (1) visualize and interpret geological information, (2) verify the data, and (3) verify their interpretations and models. 3-D/4-D visualization can be a powerful quality control tool in the analysis of large, multidimensional data sets. USGS scientists use 3-D/4-D technology for 3-D surface (i.e., 2.5-D) visualization as well as for 3-D volumetric analyses. Examples of geological mapping in 3-D include characterization of the subsurface for resource assessments, such as aquifer characterization in the central United States, and for input into process models, such as seismic hazards in the western United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 13 in <i>Synopsis of Current Three-dimensional Geological Mapping  and Modeling in Geological Survey Organizations</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Illinois State Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Jacobsen, L.J., Glynn, P.D., Phelps, G.A., Orndorff, R.C., Bawden, G.W., and Grauch, V.J., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey:   A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling, chap. <i>of</i> Chapter 13 in <i>Synopsis of Current Three-dimensional Geological Mapping  and Modeling in Geological Survey Organizations</i>, p. 69-79.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-024495","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273202,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2011/jacobsen_glynn_etal_2011.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c72e4b08a3322c2c372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobsen, Linda J.","contributorId":9159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phelps, Geoff A.","contributorId":59328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grauch, V. 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