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We examined empirical evidence for alternative states in a semiarid grassland ecosystem where topographic complexity and contrasting management regimes have led to spatial variations in levels of livestock grazing. Using an inventory data set, we found that plots (n = 72) cluster into three groups corresponding to generalized alternative states identified in an a priori conceptual model. One cluster (biocrust) is notable for high coverage of a biological soil crust functional group in addition to vascular plants. Another (grass-bare) lacks biological crust but retains perennial grasses at levels similar to the biocrust cluster. A third (annualized-bare) is dominated by invasive annual plants. Occurrence of grass-bare and annualized-bare conditions in areas where livestock have been excluded for over 30 years demonstrates the persistence of these states. Significant differences among all three clusters were found for percent bare ground, percent total live cover, and functional group richness. Using data for vegetation structure and soil erodibility, we also found large among-cluster differences in average levels of dust emissions predicted by a wind-erosion model. Predicted emissions were highest for the annualized-bare cluster and lowest for the biocrust cluster, which was characterized by zero or minimal emissions even under conditions of extreme wind. Results illustrate potential trade-offs among ecosystem services including livestock production, soil retention, carbon storage, and biodiversity conservation. Improved understanding of these trade-offs may assist ecosystem managers when evaluating alternative management strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/ES11-00027.1","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.E., Belote, R.T., Bowker, M.A., and Garman, S.L., 2011, Alternative states of a semiarid grassland ecosystem: implications for ecosystem services: Ecosphere, v. 2, no. 5, 18 p.; Article 55, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00027.1.","productDescription":"18 p.; Article 55","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488009,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es11-00027.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257651,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00027.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e981e4b0c8380cd4831c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belote, R. Travis","contributorId":39634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belote","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":350513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garman, Steven L. 0000-0002-9032-9074 slgarman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-9074","contributorId":3741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","email":"slgarman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038688,"text":"70038688 - 2011 - A multi-year comparison of IPCI scores for prairie pothole wetlands: implications of temporal and spatial variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T10:14:08","indexId":"70038688","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:26:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-year comparison of IPCI scores for prairie pothole wetlands: implications of temporal and spatial variation","docAbstract":"In the prairie pothole region of North America, development of Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBIs) to detect anthropogenic impacts on wetlands has been hampered by naturally dynamic inter-annual climate fluctuations. Of multiple efforts to develop IBIs for prairie pothole wetlands, only one, the Index of Plant Community Integrity (IPCI), has reported success. We evaluated the IPCI and its ability to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic variation using plant community data collected from 16 wetlands over a 4-year-period. We found that under constant anthropogenic influence, IPCI metric scores and condition ratings varied annually in response to environmental variation driven primarily by natural climate variation. Artificially forcing wetlands that occur along continuous hydrologic gradients into a limited number of discrete classes (e.g., temporary, seasonal, and semi-permanent) further confounded the utility of IPCI metrics. Because IPCI scores vary significantly due to natural climate dynamics as well as human impacts, methodology must be developed that adequately partitions natural and anthropogenically induced variation along continuous hydrologic gradients. Until such methodology is developed, the use of the IPCI to evaluate prairie pothole wetlands creates potential for misdirected corrective or regulatory actions, impairment of natural wetland functional processes, and erosion of public confidence in the wetland sciences.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-011-0187-2","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N.H., and Mushet, D.M., 2011, A multi-year comparison of IPCI scores for prairie pothole wetlands: implications of temporal and spatial variation: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 4, p. 713-723, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0187-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"723","ipdsId":"IP-025195","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0187-2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48ce4b0c8380cd466f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003562,"text":"70003562 - 2011 - Vagrant western red-shouldered hawks: origins, natal dispersal patterns, and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T11:44:00","indexId":"70003562","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vagrant western red-shouldered hawks: origins, natal dispersal patterns, and survival","docAbstract":"

We report the results of a 40-year study of the western Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus elegans) involving the banding of 2742 nestlings in southern California from 1970 to 2009 (this study) plus 127 nestlings banded in other California studies (1956–2008) and the analyses of 119 records of subsequent recovery from the Bird Banding Laboratory (1957–2009). Of the Red-shouldered Hawks recovered, 109 (91.6%) moved 100 km (long-distance dispersers). Three (2.5%), all long-distance dispersers, were vagrants (recovered outside the species' range of residency), and were found 374 to 843 km northeast and south of their banding locations in the Mojave, Great Basin, and Vizcaino deserts. The distribution of directions of short-distance dispersal was bipolar, closely corresponding with the northwest—southeast orientation of the species' range in southern California, while that of long-distance dispersers was mainly to the north. One of 10 long-distance dispersers, a nonvagrant, survived well into the age of breeding (103.0 months), whereas eight of the other nine perished before 14.5 months. The implications of vagrancy for conservation of this resident subspecies are that a relatively small source area can contribute genetic material over a vastly larger receiving area but rarely does so because of high mortality rates. Nonetheless, the movements of vagrants we documented provide evidence for the species' potential to populate new landscapes in response to changing environmental conditions and to maintain genetic heterogeneity within existing populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.100052","usgsCitation":"Bloom, P., Scott, J.M., Papp, J., Thomas, S.E., and Kidd, J.W., 2011, Vagrant western red-shouldered hawks: origins, natal dispersal patterns, and survival: The Condor, v. 113, no. 3, p. 538-546, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100052.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"546","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474797,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100052","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100052","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0f7e4b08c986b32a3de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bloom, Peter H.","contributorId":42829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloom","given":"Peter H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papp, Joseph M.","contributorId":20208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"Joseph M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Scott E.","contributorId":9111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kidd, Jeff W.","contributorId":96527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003955,"text":"70003955 - 2011 - Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: a spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-08T17:03:14","indexId":"70003955","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:21:55","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: a spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"The ability to predict amphibian breeding across landscapes is important for informing land management decisions and helping biologists better understand and remediate factors contributing to declines in amphibian populations. We built geospatial models of likely breeding habitats for each of four amphibian species that breed in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). We used field data collected in 2000-2002 from 497 sites among 16 basins and predictor variables from geospatial models produced from remotely sensed data (e.g., digital elevation model, complex topographic index, landform data, wetland probabililty, and vegetative cover). Except for 31 sites in one basin that were surveyed in both 2000 and 2002, all sites were surveyed once. We used polytomous regression to build statistical models for each species of amphibian from 1) field survey site data only, 2) field data combined with data from geospatial models, and 3) data from geospatial models only. Based on measures of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) scores, models of the second type best explained likely breeding habitat because they contained the most information (ROC values ranged from 0.70 - 0.88). However, models of the third type could be applied to the entire YNP landscape and produced maps that could be verified with reserve field data. Accuracy rates for models built for single years were highly variable, ranging from 0.30 to 0.78. Accuracy rates for models built with data combined from multiple years were higher and less variable, ranging from 0.60 to 0.80. Combining results from the geospatial multiyear models yielded maps of \"core\" breeding areas (areas with high probability values for all three years) surrounded by areas that scored high for only one or two years, providing an estimate of variability among years. Such information can highlight landscape options for amphibian conservation. For example, our models identify alternative for areas that could be protected for each species, including 6828-10 764 ha for tiger salamanders; 971-3017 ha for western toads; 4732-16 696 ha for boreal chorus frogs; 4940-19 690 hectares for Columbia spotted frogs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/10-1261.1","usgsCitation":"Bartelt, P.E., Gallant, A.L., Klaver, R.W., Wright, C.K., Patla, D.A., and Peterson, C.R., 2011, Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: a spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2530-2547, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2530","endPage":"2547","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474799,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81ace4b0c8380cd7b679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartelt, Paul E.","contributorId":18895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Christopher K.","contributorId":45566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patla, Debra A.","contributorId":40059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patla","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Charles R.","contributorId":95738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004576,"text":"70004576 - 2011 - Quantifying the influence of sea ice on ocean microseism using observations from the Bering Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-05T01:01:49","indexId":"70004576","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:19:42","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the influence of sea ice on ocean microseism using observations from the Bering Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"Microseism is potentially affected by all processes that alter ocean wave heights. Because strong sea ice prevents large ocean waves from forming, sea ice can therefore significantly affect microseism amplitudes. Here we show that this link between sea ice and microseism is not only a robust one but can be quantified. In particular, we show that 75–90% of the variability in microseism power in the Bering Sea can be predicted using a fairly crude model of microseism damping by sea ice. The success of this simple parameterization suggests that an even stronger link can be established between the mechanical strength of sea ice and microseism power, and that microseism can eventually be used to monitor the strength of sea ice, a quantity that is not as easily observed through other means.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049791","usgsCitation":"Tsai, V., and McNamara, D.E., 2011, Quantifying the influence of sea ice on ocean microseism using observations from the Bering Sea, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, 5 p.; L22502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049791.","productDescription":"5 p.; L22502","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474800,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120105-135036867","text":"External Repository"},{"id":257176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257167,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049791","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91e9e4b0c8380cd80532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, Victor C. 0000-0003-1809-6672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-6672","contributorId":87675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"Victor C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003572,"text":"70003572 - 2011 - The Nene: Hawaii's iconic goose: a mixed bag of successes, setbacks, and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T10:13:54","indexId":"70003572","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:07:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3587,"text":"The Wildlife Professional","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Nene: Hawaii's iconic goose: a mixed bag of successes, setbacks, and uncertainty","docAbstract":"New research with satellite telemetry shows that the endangered Hawaiian goose, or nene (Branta sandvicensis), appears to be \nmaking a comeback&mdsah;and a puzzling one at that.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Wildlife Professional","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Hess, S., 2011, The Nene: Hawaii's iconic goose: a mixed bag of successes, setbacks, and uncertainty: The Wildlife Professional, v. 5, no. 3, p. 56-59.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"59","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259221,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/ecosystems/pierc/science-picks/nene/nene.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba847e4b08c986b321b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, S.C. 0000-0001-6403-9922","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-9922","contributorId":86081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005649,"text":"70005649 - 2011 - The dazed and confused identity of Agassiz's land tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Testudines, Testudinidae) with the description of a new species, and its consequences for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T20:01:21.966498","indexId":"70005649","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:03:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3808,"text":"ZooKeys","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The dazed and confused identity of Agassiz's land tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Testudines, Testudinidae) with the description of a new species, and its consequences for conservation","title":"The dazed and confused identity of Agassiz's land tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Testudines, Testudinidae) with the description of a new species, and its consequences for conservation","docAbstract":"We investigate a cornucopia of problems associated with the identity of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii Cooper. The date of publication is found to be 1861, rather than 1863. Only one of the three original cotypes exists, and it is designated as the lectotype of the species. Another cotype is found to have been destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and subsequent fire. The third is lost. The lectotype is genetically confirmed to be from California, and not Arizona, USA as sometimes reported. Maternally, the holotype of G. lepidocephalus Ottley et Velázques Solis, 1989 from the Cape Region of Baja California Sur, Mexico is also from the Mojavian population of the desert tortoise, and not from Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico as previously proposed. A suite of characters serve to diagnose tortoises west and north of the Colorado River, the Mojavian population, from those east and south of the river in Arizona, USA and Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, the Sonoran population. Species recognition is warranted and because G. lepidocephalus is from the Mojavian population no names are available for the Sonoran species. Thus, a new species, Gopherus morafkai sp. n., is named and this action reduces the distribution of G. agassizii to only 30% of its former range. This reduction has important implications for the conservation and protection of G. agassizii, which may deserve a higher level of protection.","language":"English","publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","publisherLocation":"Sofia, Bulgaria","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.113.1353","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R.K., Berry, K., Edwards, T., Leviton, A.E., Lathrop, A., and Riedle, J., 2011, The dazed and confused identity of Agassiz's land tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Testudines, Testudinidae) with the description of a new species, and its consequences for conservation: ZooKeys, v. 113, p. 39-71, https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.113.1353.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.113.1353","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico. 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Daren","contributorId":10919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedle","given":"J. Daren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70154917,"text":"70154917 - 2011 - Rhinoceros sondaicus (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-21T13:33:33","indexId":"70154917","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2654,"text":"Mammalian Species","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhinoceros sondaicus (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)","docAbstract":"

Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822, commonly called the Javan rhinoceros or lesser one-horned rhinoceros, is the most critically endangered large mammal on Earth with only 40-50 extant individuals in 2 disjunct and distant populations: most in Ujung Kulon, West Java, and only 2-6 (optimistically) in Cat Loc, Vietnam. R. sondaicus is polytypic with 3 recognized subspecies: R. s. sondaicus (currently West Java), R. s. inermis (formerly Sunderbunds; no doubt extinct), and R s. annamiticus (Vietnam; perhaps now extinct). R. sondaicus is a browser and currently occupies lowland semievergreen secondary forests in Ja va and marginal habitat in Vietnam; it was once more widespread and abundant, likely using a greater variety of habitats. R sondaicus has a very spotty history of husbandry, and no individuals are currently in captivity. Conservation focuses on protection from poaching and habitat loss. Following decades-long discussion of captive breeding and establishment of a 3rd wild population, conservation and governmental agencies appear closer to taking such seriously needed action on the latter.

","language":"English","doi":"10.1644/887.1","usgsCitation":"Leslie, D., and Groves, C.P., 2011, Rhinoceros sondaicus (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae): Mammalian Species, v. 43, no. 887, p. 190-208, https://doi.org/10.1644/887.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020811","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/887.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"887","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55af6d2de4b09a3b01b51aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, Colin P.","contributorId":145759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70113267,"text":"70113267 - 2011 - Response in the trophic state of stratified lakes to changes in hydrology and water level: potential effects of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T14:56:14","indexId":"70113267","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:56:04","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2502,"text":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response in the trophic state of stratified lakes to changes in hydrology and water level: potential effects of climate change","docAbstract":"To determine how climate-induced changes in hydrology and water level may affect the trophic state (productivity) of stratified lakes, two relatively pristine dimictic temperate lakes in Wisconsin, USA, were examined. Both are closed-basin lakes that experience changes in water level and degradation in water quality during periods of high water. One, a seepage lake with no inlets or outlets, has a small drainage basin and hydrology dominated by precipitation and groundwater exchange causing small changes in water and phosphorus (P) loading, which resulted in small changes in water level, P concentrations, and productivity. The other, a terminal lake with inlets but no outlets, has a large drainage basin and hydrology dominated by runoff causing large changes in water and P loading, which resulted in large changes in water level, P concentrations, and productivity. Eutrophication models accurately predicted the effects of changes in hydrology, P loading, and water level on their trophic state. If climate changes, larger changes in hydrology and water levels than previously observed could occur. If this causes increased water and P loading, stratified (dimictic and monomictic) lakes are expected to experience higher water levels and become more eutrophic, especially those with large developed drainage basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water and Climate Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.2166/wcc.2011.0026","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W., 2011, Response in the trophic state of stratified lakes to changes in hydrology and water level: potential effects of climate change: Journal of Water and Climate Change, v. 2, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2011.0026.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-016461","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288907,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2011.0026"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.89,42.49 ], [ -92.89,47.08 ], [ -86.76,47.08 ], [ -86.76,42.49 ], [ -92.89,42.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7816e4b0abf75cf2c954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003772,"text":"70003772 - 2011 - Understanding the amplitudes of noise correlation measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-09T01:01:37","indexId":"70003772","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:18:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the amplitudes of noise correlation measurements","docAbstract":"Cross correlation of ambient seismic noise is known to result in time series from which station-station travel-time measurements can be made. Part of the reason that these cross-correlation travel-time measurements are reliable is that there exists a theoretical framework that quantifies how these travel times depend on the features of the ambient noise. However, corresponding theoretical results do not currently exist to describe how the amplitudes of the cross correlation depend on such features. For example, currently it is not possible to take a given distribution of noise sources and calculate the cross correlation amplitudes one would expect from such a distribution. Here, we provide a ray-theoretical framework for calculating cross correlations. This framework differs from previous work in that it explicitly accounts for attenuation as well as the spatial distribution of sources and therefore can address the issue of quantifying amplitudes in noise correlation measurements. After introducing the general framework, we apply it to two specific problems. First, we show that we can quantify the amplitudes of coherency measurements, and find that the decay of coherency with station-station spacing depends crucially on the distribution of noise sources. We suggest that researchers interested in performing attenuation measurements from noise coherency should first determine how the dominant sources of noise are distributed. Second, we show that we can quantify the signal-to-noise ratio of noise correlations more precisely than previous work, and that these signal-to-noise ratios can be estimated for given situations prior to the deployment of seismometers. It is expected that there are applications of the theoretical framework beyond the two specific cases considered, but these applications await future work.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008483","usgsCitation":"Tsai, V., 2011, Understanding the amplitudes of noise correlation measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 116, 16 p.; B09311, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008483.","productDescription":"16 p.; B09311","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474809,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008483","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008483","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc5de4b08c986b328bad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, Victor C. 0000-0003-1809-6672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-6672","contributorId":87675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"Victor C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168412,"text":"70168412 - 2011 - Seasonal productivity in a population of migratory songbirds: why nest data are not enough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T13:47:15","indexId":"70168412","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal productivity in a population of migratory songbirds: why nest data are not enough","docAbstract":"

Population models for many animals are limited by a lack of information regarding juvenile survival. In particular, studies of songbird reproductive output typically terminate with the success or failure of nests, despite the fact that adults spend the rest of the reproductive season rearing dependent fledglings. Unless fledgling survival does not vary, or varies consistently with nest productivity, conclusions about population dynamics based solely on nest data may be misleading. During 2007 and 2008, we monitored nests and used radio telemetry to monitor fledgling survival for a population of Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) in a managed-forest landscape in north-central Minnesota, USA. In addition to estimating nest and fledgling survival, we modeled growth for population segments partitioned by proximity to edges of non-nesting cover types (regenerating clearcuts). Nest survival was significantly lower, but fledgling survival was significantly higher, in 2007 than in 2008. Despite higher nest productivity in 2008, seasonal productivity (number of young surviving to independence per breeding female) was higher in 2007. Proximity to clearcut edge did not affect nest productivity. However, fledglings from nests near regenerating sapling-dominated clearcuts (7–20 years since harvest) had higher daily survival (0.992 ± 0.005) than those from nests in interior forest (0.978 ± 0.006), which in turn had higher daily survival than fledglings from nests near shrub-dominated clearcuts (≤6 years since harvest; 0.927 ± 0.030) in 2007, with a similar but statistically non-significant trend in 2008. Our population growth models predicted growth rates that differed by 2–39% (x¯ = 25%) from simpler models in which we replaced our estimates of first-year survival with one-half adult annual survival (an estimate commonly used in songbird population growth models). We conclude that nest productivity is an inadequate measure of songbird seasonal productivity, and that results based exclusively on nest data can yield misleading conclusions about population growth and clearcut edge effects. We suggest that direct estimates of juvenile survival could provide more accurate information for the management and conservation of many animal taxa.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES10-00187.1","usgsCitation":"Streby, H.M., and Andersen, D., 2011, Seasonal productivity in a population of migratory songbirds: why nest data are not enough: Ecosphere, v. 2, no. 7, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES10-00187.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025907","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es10-00187.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bf105ee4b06458514b6949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":619981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041993,"text":"70041993 - 2011 - Evaluation of offshore stocking of Lake Trout in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-27T13:52:32","indexId":"70041993","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of offshore stocking of Lake Trout in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Restoration stocking of hatchery-reared lake trout Salvelinus namaycush has occurred in Lake Ontario since 1973. In U.S. waters, fish stocked through 1990 survived well and built a large adult population. Survival of yearlings stocked from shore declined during 1990–1995, and adult numbers fell during 1998–2005. Offshore stocking of lake trout was initiated in the late 1990s in response to its successful mitigation of predation losses to double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus and the results of earlier studies that suggested it would enhance survival in some cases. The current study was designed to test the relative effectiveness of three stocking methods at a time when poststocking survival for lake trout was quite low and losses due to fish predators was a suspected factor. The stocking methods tested during 2000–2002 included May offshore, May onshore, and June onshore. Visual observations during nearshore stockings and hydroacoustic observations of offshore stockings indicated that release methods were not a direct cause of fish mortality. Experimental stockings were replicated for 3 years at one site in the southwest and for 2 years at one site in the southeast. Offshore releases used a landing craft to transport hatchery trucks from 3 to 6 km offshore out to 55–60-m-deep water. For the southwest site, offshore stocking significantly enhanced poststocking survival. Among the three methods, survival ratios were 1.74 : 1.00 : 1.02 (May offshore : May onshore : June onshore). Although not statistically significant owing to the small samples, the trends were similar for the southeast site, with survival ratios of 1.67 : 1.00 : 0.72. Consistent trends across years and sites indicated that offshore stocking of yearling lake trout during 2000–2002 provided nearly a twofold enhancement in survival; however, this increase does not appear to be great enough to achieve the 12-fold enhancement necessary to return population abundance to restoration targets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.608613","usgsCitation":"Lantry, B., O'Gorman, R., Strang, T., Lantry, J., Connerton, M., and Schanger, T., 2011, Evaluation of offshore stocking of Lake Trout in Lake Ontario: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 4, p. 671-682, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.608613.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"682","ipdsId":"IP-025776","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264832,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.608613"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.9363,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,43.1696 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d121e4b0a4aa5bb0b15a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lantry, B.F.","contributorId":19105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Gorman, R.","contributorId":48896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Gorman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strang, T.G.","contributorId":57743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strang","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lantry, J.R.","contributorId":20972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Connerton, M.J.","contributorId":71084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connerton","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schanger, T.","contributorId":70268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schanger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041625,"text":"70041625 - 2011 - Long-term post-fire effects on spatial ecology and reproductive output of female Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind energy facility near Palm Springs, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T11:17:30","indexId":"70041625","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term post-fire effects on spatial ecology and reproductive output of female Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind energy facility near Palm Springs, California, USA","docAbstract":"We studied the long-term response of a cohort of eight female Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) during the first 15 years following a large fire at a wind energy generation facility near Palm Springs, California, USA. The fire burned a significant portion of the study site in 1995. Tortoise activity areas were mapped using minimum convex polygons for a proximate post-fire interval from 1997 to 2000, and a long-term post-fire interval from 2009 to 2010. In addition, we measured the annual reproductive output of eggs each year and monitored the body condition of tortoises over time. One adult female tortoise was killed by the fire and five tortoises bore exposure scars that were not fatal. Despite predictions that tortoises would make the short-distance movements from burned to nearby unburned habitats, most activity areas and their centroids remained in burned areas for the duration of the study. The percentage of activity area burned did not differ significantly between the two monitoring periods. Annual reproductive output and measures of body condition remained statistically similar throughout the monitoring period. Despite changes in plant composition, conditions at this site appeared to be suitable for survival of tortoises following a major fire. High productivity at the site may have buffered tortoises from the adverse impacts of fire if they were not killed outright. Tortoise populations at less productive desert sites may not have adequate resources to sustain normal activity areas, reproductive output, and body conditions following fire.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association for Fire Ecology","publisherLocation":"Eugene, OR","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0703075","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., Ennen, J., Madrak, S.V., Loughran, C.L., Meyer, K.P., Arundel, T., and Bjurlin, C.D., 2011, Long-term post-fire effects on spatial ecology and reproductive output of female Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind energy facility near Palm Springs, California, USA: Fire Ecology, v. 7, no. 3, p. 75-87, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0703075.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"87","ipdsId":"IP-029759","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0703075","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264098,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0703075"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.684848,33.611126 ], [ -116.684848,33.932139 ], [ -116.443046,33.932139 ], [ -116.443046,33.611126 ], [ -116.684848,33.611126 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c72e4b08b071e771ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madrak, Sheila V.","contributorId":7403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madrak","given":"Sheila","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loughran, Caleb L.","contributorId":26599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loughran","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Katherin P.","contributorId":97856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Katherin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arundel, Terence R.","contributorId":11080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terence R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bjurlin, Curtis D.","contributorId":46855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjurlin","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70039643,"text":"70039643 - 2011 - Detection of coastal and submarine discharge on the Florida Gulf Coast with an airborne thermal-infrared mapping system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T16:06:07","indexId":"70039643","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3192,"text":"Professional Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of coastal and submarine discharge on the Florida Gulf Coast with an airborne thermal-infrared mapping system","docAbstract":"Along the Gulf Coast of Florida north of Tampa Bay lies a region characterized by an open marsh coast, low topographic gradient, water-bearing limestone, and scattered springs. The Floridan aquifer system is at or near land surface in this region, discharging water at a consistent 70-72°F. The thermal contrast between ambient water and aquifer discharge during winter months can be distinguished using airborne thermal-infrared imagery. An airborne thermal-infrared mapping system was used to collect imagery along 126 miles of the Gulf Coast from Jefferson to Levy County, FL, in March 2009. The imagery depicts a large number of discharge locations and associated warm-water plumes in ponds, creeks, rivers, and nearshore waters. A thermal contrast of 6°F or more was set as a conservative threshold for identifying sites, statistically significant at the 99% confidence interval. Almost 900 such coastal and submarine-discharge locations were detected, averaging seven to nine per mile along this section of coast. This represents approximately one hundred times the number of previously known discharge sites in the same area. Several known coastal springs in Taylor and Levy Counties were positively identified with the imagery and were used to estimate regional discharge equivalent to one 1st-order spring, discharging 100 cubic feet per second or more, for every two miles of coastline. The number of identified discharge sites is a conservative estimate and may represent two-thirds of existing features due to low groundwater levels at time of overflight. The role of aquifer discharge in coastal and estuarine health is indisputable; however, mapping and quantifying discharge in a complex karst environment can be an elusive goal. The results of this effort illustrate the effectiveness of the instrument and underscore the influence of coastal springs along this stretch of the Florida coast.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Professional Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AIPG","publisherLocation":"Thornton, CO","usgsCitation":"Raabe, E., Stonehouse, D., Ebersol, K., Holland, K., and Robbins, L., 2011, Detection of coastal and submarine discharge on the Florida Gulf Coast with an airborne thermal-infrared mapping system: Professional Geologist, v. 48, no. September/October, p. 42-49.","productDescription":"8 p.; maps (col.)","startPage":"42","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259764,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://64.207.34.58/StaticContent/3/TPGs/2011_TPGSeptOct.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast","volume":"48","issue":"September/October","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff71e4b0c8380cd4f1bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raabe, Ellen","contributorId":98402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonehouse, David","contributorId":96950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonehouse","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebersol, Kristin","contributorId":27736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebersol","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holland, Kathryn","contributorId":23008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa","contributorId":87643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70154900,"text":"70154900 - 2011 - Persistence of the longnose darter (P. nasuta) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T09:40:05","indexId":"70154900","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3894,"text":"Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of the longnose darter (P. nasuta) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"

The longnose darter Percina nasuta (Bailey) is one of Oklahoma’s rarest fish species (1) and is listed by the state as endangered. Throughout the rest of its range, which includes Missouri, Arkansas and the far eastern portion of Oklahoma, the longnose darter is classified as “rare” or “threatened” (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1). This species inhabits both slow- and fast-water habitats with cobble and gravel substrates in medium to large streams (7, 8, 1). Oklahoma populations of longnose darter are known to occur only in the Poteau River and Lee Creek drainages in Le Flore and Sequoyah counties, respectively (9, 10). Cross and Moore (9) collected longnose darters from the Poteau River in 1947. The species was not collected in a subsequent survey of the Poteau River in 1974 (11), possibly because of the effects from the Wister Dam, which was completed in 1949. Darters are especially susceptible to flow alterations from dams (2, 12). This, together with the 1992 completion of Lee Creek Reservoir in Arkansas, has raised concern for the Lee Creek population of longnose darters (13).

\n

Lee Creek is one of Oklahoma’s six rivers designated as \"scenic\" by the Oklahoma Legislature. Lee Creek is located on the Oklahoma-Arkansas border in far eastern Oklahoma. The headwaters originate in northwestern Arkansas and flow south towards the Arkansas River. While the majority of the stream is in Arkansas, a portion flows into Oklahoma northwest of Uniontown, AR and continues for 28.2 river-km before crossing back into Arkansas near Van Buren, AR. The hydrology of lower Lee Creek has been altered by Lee Creek Reservoir near Van Buren, AR. It was believed that pre-impounded Lee Creek had the largest existing population of longnose darters (8). However, the most recent fish surveys in Lee Creek were conducted approximately twenty years ago. Robinson (8) surveyed Lee Creek in Arkansas, upstream of the Oklahoma border, and found longnose darters upstream of Natural Dam, AR. Wagner et al. (10) were the last to document longnose darter presence in the Oklahoma segment of Lee Creek. No efforts to collect this species in Oklahoma have occurred since the completion of Lee Creek Reservoir. Our objective was to determine whether the species persist in this segment of its historic range since impoundment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Weatherford, OK","usgsCitation":"Gatlin, M.R., and Long, J.M., 2011, Persistence of the longnose darter (P. nasuta) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma: Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, v. 91, p. 11-14.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026882","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.okstate.edu/OAS/oas_htm_files/v91/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Lee Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -94.54833984375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -94.41650390625,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -94.46044921875,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -95.6689453125,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -98.2177734375,\n 33.97980872872457\n ],\n [\n -99.20654296875,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -99.42626953125,\n 34.32529192442733\n ],\n [\n -99.68994140625,\n 34.21634468843465\n ],\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 34.615126683462194\n ],\n [\n -100.04150390625,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -103.0517578125,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92c7e4b05d6c4e501ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gatlin, Michael R.","contributorId":141324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gatlin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004721,"text":"70004721 - 2011 - Estimating groundwater recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T15:03:46.810237","indexId":"70004721","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating groundwater recharge","docAbstract":"

Groundwater recharge is the entry of fresh water into the saturated portion of the subsurface part of the hydrologic cycle, the modifier “saturated” indicating that the pressure of the pore water is greater than atmospheric. Briefly stated, recharge is downward flux across the water table. The term “groundwater recharge” can refer either to the multiple interacting processes generating and controlling the flux or to the fluxR itself. When referring to flux, R can represent either (1) a value integrated over large areas and long periods of time or (2) a point value, or instantaneous flux density, that varies erratically as well as continuously in time and space. Knowing how R is distributed through space and time is required for understanding the dynamics of groundwater flow and transport in any watershed, aquifer, or selected domain of interest and for understanding heads, flow paths, and discharges to streams, wetlands, and other surface water bodies. Clearly among the most important of hydrologic fluxes, R is also one of the most difficult to measure. Advancements in hydrologic science have proceeded surprisingly in lockstep with advances in determining R.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO320008","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., 2011, Estimating groundwater recharge: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 32, p. 269-269, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO320008.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo320008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":261767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b20e4b0c8380cd525a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041708,"text":"70041708 - 2011 - The influence of current speed and vegetation density on flow structure in two macrotidal eelgrass canopies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T13:35:52","indexId":"70041708","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2621,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of current speed and vegetation density on flow structure in two macrotidal eelgrass canopies","docAbstract":"The influence of eelgrass (Zostera marina) on near-bed currents, turbulence, and drag was investigated at three sites in two eelgrass canopies of differing density and at one unvegetated site in the San Juan archipelago of Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Eelgrass blade length exceeded 1 m. Velocity profiles up to 1.5 m above the sea floor were collected over a spring-neap tidal cycle with a downward-looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler above the canopies and two acoustic Doppler velocimeters within the canopies. The eelgrass attenuated currents by a minimum of 40%, and by more than 70% at the most densely vegetated site. Attenuation decreased with increasing current speed. The data were compared to the shear-layer model of vegetated flows and the displaced logarithmic model. Velocity profiles outside the meadows were logarithmic. Within the canopies, most profiles were consistent with the shear-layer model, with a logarithmic layer above the canopy. However, at the less-dense sites, when currents were strong, shear at the sea floor and above the canopy was significant relative to shear at the top of the canopy, and the velocity profiles more closely resembled those in a rough-wall boundary layer. Turbulence was strong at the canopy top and decreased with height. Friction velocity at the canopy top was 1.5–2 times greater than at the unvegetated, sandy site. The coefficient of drag CD on the overlying flow derived from the logarithmic velocity profile above the canopy, was 3–8 times greater than at the unvegetated site (0.01–0.023 vs. 2.9 × 10−3).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1215/21573698-1152489","usgsCitation":"Lacy, J.R., and Wyllie-Echeverria, S., 2011, The influence of current speed and vegetation density on flow structure in two macrotidal eelgrass canopies: Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments, v. 1, no. 2011, p. 38-55, https://doi.org/10.1215/21573698-1152489.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-021828","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263963,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21573698-1152489"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7513,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,47.7495 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c86462e4b03bc63bd67a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy","contributorId":24874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyllie-Echeverria","given":"Sandy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70154904,"text":"70154904 - 2011 - The efficacy of mass-marking channel catfish fingerlings by immersion in oxytetracycline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T09:47:26","indexId":"70154904","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3894,"text":"Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The efficacy of mass-marking channel catfish fingerlings by immersion in oxytetracycline","docAbstract":"

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been extensively used for marking a variety of fish species, but has never been successfully used to mark channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish fingerlings (~ 25 mm TL) obtained from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation at Byron Fish Hatchery were kept in Living Streams (791 to 1,018 L) equipped with recirculation units. Marking trials consisted of immersing channel catfish in one of three concentrations (250, 450, and 700 mg/L) OTC hydrochloride [HCl] for 6 hours. Samples of channel catfish were obtained from each group at 1-week and 4-week postimmersion. Lapilli otoliths and pectoral spines were removed to assess mark presence with an epi-fluorescent compound microscope. After one week, no marks were detected on pectoral spines for all treatments, mark detection on otoliths depended on concentration, but never exceeded 43% (700 mg/L). After four weeks, all otoliths and pectoral spines were determined marked for 700 mg/L OTC, 20% for fish immersed in 450 mg/L OTC, and 0% were marked after four weeks at the 250 mg/L OTC. Results show, channel catfish fingerlings can be successfully marked with immersion in OTC at 700 mg/L for at least 6 hours.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Stewart, D., 2011, The efficacy of mass-marking channel catfish fingerlings by immersion in oxytetracycline: Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, v. 91, p. 31-36.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024894","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/index.php/OAS/issue/view/340"}],"volume":"91","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d5e4b05d6c4e501adb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, David R.","contributorId":141323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041665,"text":"70041665 - 2011 - Revelations from ambient shaking data of a recently instrumented unique building at MIT campus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T15:44:22.905178","indexId":"70041665","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T10:36:40","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Revelations from ambient shaking data of a recently instrumented unique building at MIT campus","docAbstract":"

A state-of-the-art seismic monitoring system comprising 36 accelerometers and a data-logger with real-time capability was recently installed at Building 54 on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology [MIT], Cambridge, Massachusetts. The system is designed to record translational, torsional and rocking motions, and to facilitate computation of drift between select pairs of stories. The cast-in-place, reinforced concrete building is rectangular in plan but has vertical irregularities. Heavy equipment is installed asymmetrically on the roof. Spectral analyses and system identification performed on one set of low-amplitude ambient data reveal distinct fundamental translational frequencies in the structural NS and EW directions [0.75 and 0.67Hz, respectively], a torsional frequency of 1.49 Hz, a rocking frequency of 0.75 Hz, and very low damping. Such results from low-amplitude data serve as baseline against which to compare the behavior and performance of the building during stronger shaking caused by future earthquakes in the region.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"IOMAC 2011. Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IOMAC","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., Toksoz, N., and Buyukozturk, O., 2011, Revelations from ambient shaking data of a recently instrumented unique building at MIT campus, in IOMAC 2011. Proceedings, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-027423","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iomac.info/iomac2011","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Cambridge","otherGeospatial":"MIT campus","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.08162879943848,\n 42.361207668593636\n ],\n [\n -71.0826587677002,\n 42.3618418784011\n ],\n [\n -71.09347343444824,\n 42.36295173016035\n ],\n [\n -71.09411716461182,\n 42.3618418784011\n ],\n [\n -71.09845161437988,\n 42.36063687429355\n ],\n [\n -71.10068321228026,\n 42.35959040460942\n ],\n [\n -71.10252857208252,\n 42.36041489733205\n ],\n [\n -71.1031723022461,\n 42.35978067312102\n ],\n [\n -71.10111236572266,\n 42.35806823577552\n ],\n [\n -71.10540390014648,\n 42.355658059712006\n ],\n [\n -71.10454559326172,\n 42.35359665158396\n ],\n [\n -71.08162879943848,\n 42.361207668593636\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":850482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toksoz, N.","contributorId":100525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toksoz","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buyukozturk, O.","contributorId":296062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buyukozturk","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236293,"text":"70236293 - 2011 - Hotspot: The Snake River geothermal drilling project - An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T15:09:53.161877","indexId":"70236293","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T09:45:56","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5555,"text":"GRC Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hotspot: The Snake River geothermal drilling project - An overview","docAbstract":"

The Snake River volcanic province (SRP) overlies a thermal anomaly that extends deep into the mantle; it represents one of the highest heat flow provinces in North America, and an area with the highest calculated geothermal gradients. This makes the SRP one of the potentially highest producing geothermal districts in the United States. Elevated heat flow is typically highest along the margins of the topographic Snake River Plain and lowest along the axis of the plain, where thermal gradients are suppressed by the Snake River aquifer. Beneath this aquifer, however, thermal gradients rise again and may tap even higher heat flows associated with the intrusion of mafic magmas into a geophysically-imaged mid-crustal sill complex. The primary goal of this project is to evaluate geothermal potential in three distinct settings: (1) the high sub-aquifer geothermal gradient associated with the intrusion of mafic magmas and the release of crustal fluids from the associated wall rocks, (2) the valley-margin settings where surface heat flow may be driven by the up-flow of hot fluids along buried caldera ring-fault complexes, and (3) a more traditional fault-bounded basin with thick sedimentary cover. All settings are found within the central or western Snake River Plain and represent previously untested targets for geothermal exploration. Our first drill site tests the extent of geothermal resources along the axis of the plain, beneath the Snake River aquifer, in an area where elevated groundwater temperatures imply a significant flux of conductive or advective heat flow from below. Our second drill site assesses the geothermal potential of up-flow zones along a buried caldera margin, in an area of known geothermal potential (Twin Falls geothermal district). Further studies will include seismic reflection-refraction surveys, gravity-magnetic surveys, and downhole geophysical logs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Shervais, J., Evans, J.P., Christiansen, E.J., Schmitt, D.R., Liberty, L.M., Blackwell, D.D., Glen, J.M., Kessler, J.E., Potter, K.E., Jean, M.M., Sant, C.J., and Freeman, T., 2011, Hotspot: The Snake River geothermal drilling project - An overview: GRC Transactions, v. 35, p. 995-1003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"995","endPage":"1003","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1029366","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 42.1667\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 42.1667\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 44.3333\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 44.3333\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 42.1667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shervais, John W.","contributorId":237914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shervais","given":"John W.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, James P.","contributorId":53760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christiansen, Eric J.","contributorId":296057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, Douglas R.","contributorId":56959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liberty, Lee M.","contributorId":89631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liberty","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blackwell, David D.","contributorId":296058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blackwell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. jglen@usgs.gov","contributorId":193556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kessler, James E.","contributorId":13121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Potter, Katherine E.","contributorId":76886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jean, Marlon M.","contributorId":296059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jean","given":"Marlon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sant, Christopher J.","contributorId":296060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sant","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Freeman, Thomas","contributorId":296061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70170465,"text":"70170465 - 2011 - Simulations of historical and future trends in snowfall and groundwater recharge for basins draining to Long Island Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T15:48:04","indexId":"70170465","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulations of historical and future trends in snowfall and groundwater recharge for basins draining to Long Island Sound","docAbstract":"

A regional watershed model was developed for watersheds contributing to Long Island Sound, including the Connecticut River basin. The study region covers approximately 40 900 km2, extending from a moderate coastal climate zone in the south to a mountainous northern New England climate zone dominated by snowmelt in the north. The input data indicate that precipitation and temperature have been increasing for the last 46 years (1961– 2006) across the region. Minimum temperature has increased more than maximum temperature over the same period (1961–2006). The model simulation indicates that there was an upward trend in groundwater recharge across most of the modeled region. However, trends in increasing precipitation and groundwater recharge are not significant at the 0.05 level if the drought of 1961–67 is removed from the time series. The trend in simulated snowfall is not significant across much of the region, although there is a significant downward trend in southeast Connecticut and in central Massachusetts. To simulate future trends, two input datasets, one assuming high carbon emissions and one assuming low carbon emissions, were developed from GCM forecasts. Under both of the carbon emission scenarios, simulations indicate that historical trends will continue, with increases in groundwater recharge over much of the region and substantial snowfall decreases across Massachusetts, Connecticut, southern Vermont, and southern New Hampshire. The increases in groundwater recharge and decreases in snowfall are most pronounced for the high emission scenario.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2011EI374.1","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., Viger, R.J., and Trombley, T.J., 2011, Simulations of historical and future trends in snowfall and groundwater recharge for basins draining to Long Island Sound: Earth Interactions, v. 15, p. 1-35, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011EI374.1.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022665","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011ei374.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River watershed, Housatonic River watershed, Thames River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.510009765625,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -71.466064453125,\n 45.10454630976873\n ],\n [\n -71.422119140625,\n 45.1742925240767\n ],\n [\n -71.43310546875,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -71.312255859375,\n 45.29034662473615\n ],\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n 45.282617057517406\n ],\n [\n -71.08154296875,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -71.08154296875,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 45.034714778688624\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 44.81691551782855\n ],\n [\n -71.312255859375,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -71.268310546875,\n 44.43377984606825\n ],\n [\n -71.466064453125,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 44.040218713142146\n ],\n [\n -71.729736328125,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -71.8505859375,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n -71.91650390625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -71.905517578125,\n 42.98053954751642\n ],\n [\n -71.861572265625,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 42.78733853171998\n ],\n [\n -71.7626953125,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -71.74072265625,\n 42.415346114253616\n ],\n [\n -71.6748046875,\n 42.25291778330197\n ],\n [\n -71.65283203125,\n 41.87774145109676\n ],\n [\n -71.6748046875,\n 41.64828831259535\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 41.335575973123895\n ],\n [\n -71.982421875,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -72.520751953125,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -72.93823242187499,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -73.10302734375,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -73.355712890625,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -73.54248046875,\n 41.14556973100947\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -73.509521484375,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -73.42163085937499,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -73.267822265625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -73.1689453125,\n 42.91620643817353\n ],\n [\n -73.004150390625,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -72.97119140625,\n 43.31718491566708\n ],\n [\n -72.850341796875,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -72.79541015625,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -72.66357421875,\n 43.98491011404692\n ],\n [\n -72.542724609375,\n 44.23732831822538\n ],\n [\n -72.520751953125,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 44.54350521320822\n ],\n [\n -72.35595703125,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -72.191162109375,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -72.13623046875,\n 44.89479576469787\n ],\n [\n -71.993408203125,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -71.510009765625,\n 45.01141864227728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fe0e4b071321fe56a81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, David M. 0000-0002-9890-4125 dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-4125","contributorId":3589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"David","email":"dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X rviger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":168799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland","email":"rviger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trombley, Thomas J. trombley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trombley","given":"Thomas","email":"trombley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006364,"text":"ofr20111310 - 2011 - Summary of November 2010 meeting to evaluate turbidite data for constraining the recurrence parameters of great Cascadia earthquakes for the update of national seismic hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20111310","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1310","title":"Summary of November 2010 meeting to evaluate turbidite data for constraining the recurrence parameters of great Cascadia earthquakes for the update of national seismic hazard maps","docAbstract":"This report summarizes a meeting of geologists, marine sedimentologists, geophysicists, and seismologists that was held on November 18–19, 2010 at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon. The overall goal of the meeting was to evaluate observations of turbidite deposits to provide constraints on the recurrence time and rupture extent of great Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) earthquakes for the next update of the U.S. national seismic hazard maps (NSHM). The meeting was convened at Oregon State University because this is the major center for collecting and evaluating turbidite evidence of great Cascadia earthquakes by Chris Goldfinger and his colleagues. We especially wanted the participants to see some of the numerous deep sea cores this group has collected that contain the turbidite deposits. Great earthquakes on the CSZ pose a major tsunami, ground-shaking, and ground-failure hazard to the Pacific Northwest. Figure 1 shows a map of the Pacific Northwest with a model for the rupture zone of a moment magnitude Mw 9.0 earthquake on the CSZ and the ground shaking intensity (in ShakeMap format) expected from such an earthquake, based on empirical ground-motion prediction equations. The damaging effects of such an earthquake would occur over a wide swath of the Pacific Northwest and an accompanying tsunami would likely cause devastation along the Pacifc Northwest coast and possibly cause damage and loss of life in other areas of the Pacific. A magnitude 8 earthquake on the CSZ would cause damaging ground shaking and ground failure over a substantial area and could also generate a destructive tsunami. The recent tragic occurrence of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan, earthquake highlights the importance of having accurate estimates of the recurrence times and magnitudes of great earthquakes on subduction zones. For the U.S. national seismic hazard maps, estimating the hazard from the Cascadia subduction zone has been based on coastal paleoseismic evidence of great earthquakes over the past 5,000 years. The instrumental catalog of earthquakes is of little use for constraining the hazard of the CSZ, because there are virtually no recorded earthquakes on most of the plate interface of the CSZ. There are no historical accounts in the past 150 years of large earthquakes on most of the CSZ. Until about 20 years ago, some interpreted this lack of recent and historical earthquakes as an indicator that the subduction zone was slipping aseismically and could not produce a great earthquake. The work of Brian Atwater and others, in the late 1980s and the 1990s (Atwater, 1987, 1992; Atwater and others, 1995; Nelson and others, 1996; Clague, 1997; Atwater and Hemphill-Haley, 1997; Atwater and others, 2004) demonstrated that submerged forests, buried soils, tsunami deposits, and liquefaction along and near the coast were compelling evidence of repeated great Cascadia earthquakes over at least the past 5,000 years. Atwater and Hemphill-Haley (1997) concluded from paleoseismic evidence at Willapa Bay, Washington, that great earthquakes ruptured the CSZ with an average recurrence time of about 500 years. The date of the last great CSZ earthquake, January 26, 1700, was established from historical records of the so-called orphan tsunami in Japan that is inferred to have been produced by this earthquake (Satake and others, 1996, 2003; Atwater and others, 2005) and is consistent with tree-ring data from drowned forests in Washington and Oregon. From modeling the observations of the tsunami, Satake and others (2003) estimated a moment magnitude of about 9.0 for this earthquake. Many other paleoseismic sites have been investigated along the Pacific Northwest coast from Vancouver Island to northern California and show evidence of great CSZ earthquakes. Nelson and others (2006) summarized the dates found from these studies and proposed correlations between sites indicating the extent of rupture for individual events. Dating of inferred tsunami deposits in Bradley Lake, Oregon by Kelsey and others (2005), as well as tsunami and subsidence evidence from Six Rivers, Oregon (Kelsey and others, 2002) and Coquille River (Witter and others, 2003), indicates that there were probably Mw 8 ruptures in the southern portion of the CSZ in addition to the Mw 9 events that rupture the whole length of the CSZ (Nelson and others, 2006). A parallel development over the past 20 years or more is the use of deep-sea turbidite deposits for identifying and dating great Cascadia earthquakes over the past 10,000 years (Adams, 1990; Goldfinger and others, 2003, 2008, in press; Goldfinger, 2011). Turbidites are sediment deposits in the deep ocean from turbidity currents, which are energetic flows of sediment and water along the continental shelf and slope. Adams (1990), using the counts of turbidites in deep-sea cores off the coast of Oregon and Washington collected and analyzed by Griggs (1969) and Griggs and others (1969), proposed that these turbidites were caused by the shaking of great Cascadia earthquakes. Part of his reasoning was that the number (13) of turbidite deposits that occurred since deposition of the Mazama Ash 7,000 years ago gave a recurrence time of about 500 years, consistent with that derived from the coastal submergence data. Adams (1990) also proposed the “confluence test” which evaluates the number of turbidites for submarine channels that form a confluence. He reported that the number of turbidites in the single downstream channel equaled the number in each of the tributary channels. He reasoned that this indicated that the turbidites in each tributary were simultaneously triggered and were, therefore, caused by a common forcing agent. He concluded that shaking from extended ruptures of great Cascadia earthquakes was the most likely cause of these turbidites. Based on the paleoseismic evidence of past great earthquakes, the hazard from the Cascadia subduction zone was included in the 1996 U.S. NSHM (Frankel and others, 1996), which were the basis for seismic provisions in the 2000 International Building Code. These hazard maps used the paleoseismic studies to constrain the recurrence rate of great CSZ earthquakes. Goldfinger and his colleagues have since collected many more deep ocean cores and done extensive analysis on the turbidite deposits that they identified in the cores (Goldfinger and others, 2003, 2008, in press; Goldfinger, 2011). Using their dating of the sediments and correlation of features in the logs of density and magnetic susceptibility between cores, they developed a detailed chronology of great earthquakes along the CSZ for the past 10,000 years (Goldfinger and others, in press). These correlations consist of attempting to match the peaks and valleys in logs of density and magnetic susceptibility between cores separated, in some cases, by hundreds of kilometers. Based on this work, Goldfinger and others (2003, 2008, in press) proposed that the turbidite evidence indicated the occurrence of great earthquakes (Mw 8) that only ruptured the southern portion of the CSZ, as well as earthquakes with about Mw 9 that ruptured the entire length of the CSZ. For the southernmost portion of the CSZ, Goldfinger and others (in press) proposed a recurrence time of Mw 8 or larger earthquakes of about 230 years. This proposed recurrence time was shorter than the 500 year time that was incorporated in one scenario in the NSHM’s. It is important to note that the hazard maps of 1996 and later also included a scenario or set of scenarios with a shorter recurrence time for Mw 8 earthquakes, using rupture zones that are distributed along the length of the CSZ (Frankel and others, 1996; Petersen and others, 2008). Originally, this scenario was meant to correspond to the idea that some of the 500-year averaged ruptures seen in the paleoseismic evidence could have been a series of Mw 8 earthquakes that occurred over a short period of time (a few decades), rather than Mw 9 earthquakes. Figure 2 shows the logic tree for the CSZ used in the 2008 NSHM’s (Petersen and others, 2008). This logic tree includes whole CSZ rupture earthquakes (Mw 8.8–9.2) and partial CSZ rupture earthquakes (Mw 8.0–8.7). In this latest version of the NSHM’s, the effective recurrence time of earthquakes on the CSZ with moment magnitudes greater than or equal to 8.0 over the various models is about 270 years (Petersen and others, 2008). This recurrence time applies to the entire CSZ, so that the hazard from great earthquakes was approximately equal along the whole zone, although the hazard estimates taper on the northern and southern ends of the CSZ, because of the way rupture zones of Mw 8 earthquakes were distributed along the strike of the CSZ. The NSHM will be updated in 2013, as part of the standard update cycle that corresponds to the update cycle of the national model building codes that are based on the seismic hazard maps. A meeting was necessary to assemble a wide group of experts to hear Dr. Goldfinger explain his methodology for dating and correlating the turbidites and for developing the earthquake chronology. The overall goal of the workshop was to evaluate observations of turbidite deposits to provide constraints on the recurrence times and rupture extents of great Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes for the next update of the NSHM. Before the meeting, participants were supplied with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper of Goldfinger and others (in press), as well as material from Brian Atwater and Alan Nelson. The agenda of the meeting was developed by Art Frankel, with assistance from Chris Goldfinger, Brian Atwater, Alan Nelson, Mark Petersen, and Craig Weaver. The meeting was hosted by Chris Goldfinger of Oregon State University. We stress that it is difficult to evaluate in a two-day meeting the large amount of work that Goldfinger and his colleagues have done over the past 15 years or more. This meeting is the first step in a process that develops the inputs to the update of the national maps. The conclusions of this workshop will be discussed and possibly modified at the regional Pacific Northwest workshop for the hazard maps to be held in early 2012. Vetting new research results using informed expert opinion is an integral part of updating the national maps and does not reflect on the veracity of these results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111310","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A.D., 2011, Summary of November 2010 meeting to evaluate turbidite data for constraining the recurrence parameters of great Cascadia earthquakes for the update of national seismic hazard maps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1310, iii, 10 p.; Appendix; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111310.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.; Appendix; Figures","startPage":"i","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1310.gif"},{"id":112398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1310/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130,40 ], [ -130,50 ], [ -118,50 ], [ -118,40 ], [ -130,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9e3de4b08c986b31dd97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044205,"text":"70044205 - 2011 - Tag loss and short-term mortality associated with passive integrated transponder tagging of juvenile Lost River suckers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:00:32","indexId":"70044205","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tag loss and short-term mortality associated with passive integrated transponder tagging of juvenile Lost River suckers","docAbstract":"Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are commonly used to mark small catostomids, but tag loss and the effect of tagging on mortality have not been assessed for juveniles of the endangered Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus. I evaluated tag loss and short-term (34-d) mortality associated with the PIT tagging of juvenile Lost River suckers in the laboratory by using a completely randomized design and three treatment groups (PIT tagged, positive control, and control). An empty needle was inserted into each positive control fish, whereas control fish were handled but not tagged. Only one fish expelled its PIT tag. Mortality rate averaged 9.8 ± 3.4% (mean ± SD) for tagged fish; mortality was 0% for control and positive control fish. All tagging mortalities occurred in fish with standard lengths of 71 mm or less, and most of the mortalities occurred within 48 h of tagging. My results indicate that 12.45- × 2.02-mm PIT tags provide a viable method of marking juvenile Lost River suckers that are 72 mm or larger.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.641067","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., 2011, Tag loss and short-term mortality associated with passive integrated transponder tagging of juvenile Lost River suckers: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.641067.","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-027925","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268631,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.641067"},{"id":268632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5513,41.0938 ], [ -123.5513,43.6401 ], [ -119.6072,43.6401 ], [ -119.6072,41.0938 ], [ -123.5513,41.0938 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5131dc11e4b0140546f53c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70004611,"text":"70004611 - 2011 - Teratogenic efects of injected methylmercury on avian embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-13T06:28:19","indexId":"70004611","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Teratogenic efects of injected methylmercury on avian embryos","docAbstract":"Controlled laboratory studies with game farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and chickens (Gallus gallus) have demonstrated that methylmercury can cause teratogenic effects in birds, but studies with wild species of birds are lacking. To address this need, doses of methylmercury chloride were injected into the eggs of 25 species of birds, and the dead embryos and hatched chicks were examined for external deformities. When data for controls were summed across all 25 species tested and across all types of deformities, 24 individuals out of a total of 1,533 (a rate of 1.57%) exhibited at least one deformity. In contrast, when data for all of the mercury treatments and all 25 species were summed, 188 deformed individuals out of a total of 2,292 (8.20%) were found. Some deformities, such as lordosis and scoliosis (twisting of the spine), misshapen heads, shortening or twisting of the neck, and deformities of the wings, were seldom observed in controls but occurred in much greater frequency in Hg-treated individuals. Only 0.59% of individual control dead embryos and hatchlings exhibited multiple deformities versus 3.18% for Hg-dosed dead embryos and hatchlings. Methylmercury seems to have a widespread teratogenic potential across many species of birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.530","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G., Hoffman, D.J., Klimstra, J.D., Stebbins, K.R., Kondrad, S.L., and Erwin, C.A., 2011, Teratogenic efects of injected methylmercury on avian embryos: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 7, p. 1593-1598, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.530.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1598","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba546e4b08c986b320930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, Gary gheinz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"gheinz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klimstra, Jon D.","contributorId":6985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimstra","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stebbins, Katherine R.","contributorId":94012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stebbins","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kondrad, Shannon L.","contributorId":34646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondrad","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erwin, Carol A.","contributorId":27182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70038770,"text":"70038770 - 2011 - Geographic distribution of the mid-continent population of sandhill cranes and related management applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:33:11","indexId":"70038770","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic distribution of the mid-continent population of sandhill cranes and related management applications","docAbstract":"

The Mid-continent Population (MCP) of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) is widely hunted in North America and is separated into the Gulf Coast Subpopulation and Western Subpopulation for management purposes. Effective harvest management of the MCP requires detailed knowledge of breeding distribution of subspecies and subpopulations, chronology of their use of fall staging areas and wintering grounds, and exposure to and harvest from hunting. To address these information needs, we tagged 153 sandhill cranes with Platform Transmitting Terminals (PTTs) during 22 February–12 April 1998–2003 in the Central and North Platte River valleys of south-central Nebraska. We monitored PTT-tagged sandhill cranes, hereafter tagged cranes, from their arrival to departure from breeding grounds, during their fall migration, and throughout winter using the Argos satellite tracking system. The tracking effort yielded 74,041 useable locations over 49,350 tag days; median duration of tracking of individual cranes was 352 days and 73 cranes were tracked >12 months. Genetic sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from blood samples taken from each of our random sample of tagged cranes indicated 64% were G. c. canadensis and 34% were Grus canadensis tabida. Tagged cranes during the breeding season settled in northern temperate, subarctic, and arctic North America (U.S. [23%, n = 35], Canada [57%, n = 87]) and arctic regions of northeast Asia (Russia [20%, n = 31]). Distribution of tagged cranes by breeding affiliation was as follows: Western Alaska–Siberia (WA–S, 42 ± 4% [SE]), northern Canada–Nunavut (NC–N, 21 ± 4%), west-central Canada–Alaska (WC–A, 23 ± 4%) and East-central Canada–Minnesota (EC–M, 14 ± 3%). All tagged cranes returned to the same breeding affiliation used during the previous year with a median distance of 1.60 km (range: 0.08–7.7 km, n = 53) separating sites used in year 1 and year 2. Fall staging occurred primarily in central and western Saskatchewan (69%), North Dakota (16%), southwestern Manitoba (10%), and northwestern Minnesota (3%). Space-use sharing indices showed that except for NC–N and WC–A birds, probability of finding a crane from one breeding affiliation within the home range of another breeding affiliation was low during fall staging. Tagged cranes from WC–A and EC–M breeding affiliations, on average, spent 25 and 20 days, respectively, longer on fall staging areas in the northern plains than did WA–S and NC–N birds. Cranes in the NC–N, WA–S, and WC–A affiliations spent 99%, 74%, and 64%, respectively, of winter in western Texas in Hunting Zone A; EC–M cranes spent 83% of winter along the Texas Gulf Coast in Hunting Zone C. Tagged cranes that settled within the breeding range of the Gulf Coast Subpopulation spent 28% and 42% of fall staging and winter within the range of the Western Subpopulation, indicating sufficient exchange of birds to potentially limit effectiveness of MCP harvest management. Harvests of EC–M and WC–A cranes during 1998–2003 were disproportionately high to their estimated numbers in the MCP, suggesting more conservative harvest strategies may be required for these subpopulations in the future, and for sandhill cranes to occupy major parts of their historical breeding range in the Prairie Pothole Region. Exceptionally high philopatry of MCP cranes of all 4 subpopulations to breeding sites coupled with strong linkages between crane breeding distribution, and fall staging areas and wintering grounds, provide managers guidance for targeting MCP crane harvest to meet management goals. Sufficient temporal or spatial separation exists among the 4 subpopulations on fall staging areas and wintering grounds to allow harvest to be targeted at the subpopulation level in all states and provinces (and most hunting zones within states and provinces) when conditions warrant. Knowledge gained from our study provides decision-makers in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Russia with improved guidance for developing sound harvest regulations, focusing conservation efforts, and generating collaborative efforts among these nations on sandhill crane research and management to meet mutually important goals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wmon.1","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G.L., Brandt, D., Jones, K., and Johnson, D.H., 2011, Geographic distribution of the mid-continent population of sandhill cranes and related management applications: Wildlife Monographs, v. 175, no. 1, p. 1-38, https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.1.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-02-22","temporalEnd":"2003-04-12","ipdsId":"IP-010389","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -95.47119140625,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -95.47119140625,\n 40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 40.094882122321174\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"175","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55152daae4b03238427816cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L. 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":3074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, David A. dbrandt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"David A.","email":"dbrandt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Kenneth L.","contributorId":72112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kenneth L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}