The purpose of this experiment was to use mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) tested under controlled conditions to determine how much harm to reproduction resulted from various concentrations of mercury in eggs. Breeding pairs of mallards were fed a control diet or diets containing 1, 2, 4, or 8 μg/g mercury, as methylmercury chloride. Mean concentrations of mercury in eggs laid by parents fed 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 μg/g mercury were 0.0, 1.6, 3.7, 5.9, and 14 μg/g mercury on a wet-weight basis. There were no signs of mercury poisoning in the adults, and fertility and hatching success of eggs were not affected by mercury. Survival of ducklings and the number of ducklings produced per female were reduced by the 4 and 8-μg/g dietary mercury treatments (that resulted in 5.9 and 14 μg/g mercury in their eggs, respectively). Ducklings from parents fed the various mercury diets were just as heavy as controls at hatching, but by 6 days of age ducklings whose parents had been fed 4 or 8 μg/g mercury weighed less than controls. Because we do not know if absorption of mercury from our diets would be the same as absorption from natural foods, the mercury concentrations we report in eggs may be more useful in extrapolating to possible harmful effects in nature than are the dietary levels we fed. We conclude that mallard reproduction does not appear to be particularly sensitive to methylmercury.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10646-010-0479-y","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G., Hoffman, D.J., Klimstra, J.D., and Stebbins, K.R., 2010, Reproduction in mallards exposed to dietary concentrations of methylmercury: Ecotoxicology, v. 19, no. 5, p. 977-982, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-010-0479-y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"982","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61266a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, Gary gheinz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"gheinz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klimstra, Jon D.","contributorId":6985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimstra","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stebbins, Katherine R.","contributorId":94012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stebbins","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006040,"text":"ofr20111177 - 2010 - Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2005-November 30, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"ofr20111177","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1177","title":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2005-November 30, 2006","docAbstract":"A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 53rd Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2006 River Master report year-the period from December 1, 2005, to November 30, 2006. During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 55.03 inches (in.) or 126 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs was above the long-term median level on December 1, 2005. Reservoir storage remained above long–term median levels throughout the report year. Delaware River operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in full compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 27 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates-or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs-on all other days. During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 19 sites on a twice-monthly basis and at 3 sites on a monthly basis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111177","usgsCitation":"Krejmas, B.E., Paulachok, G.N., and Blanchard, S.F., 2010, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2005-November 30, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1177, vi, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111177.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":116756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1177.gif"},{"id":110889,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1177/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krejmas, Bruce E.","contributorId":102501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krejmas","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulachok, Gary N. gnpaulac@usgs.gov","contributorId":3500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulachok","given":"Gary","email":"gnpaulac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005105,"text":"70005105 - 2010 - Enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes in deep-sea sediments and cold seeps of the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70005105","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes in deep-sea sediments and cold seeps of the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Little is known about the distribution and abundance of viruses in deep-sea cold-seep environments. Like hydrothermal vents, seeps support communities of macrofauna that are sustained by chemosynthetic bacteria. Sediments close to these communities are hypothesized to be more microbiologically active and therefore to host higher numbers of viruses than non-seep areas. Push cores were taken at five types of Gulf of Mexico habitats at water depths below 1000 m using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The habitats included non-seep reference sediment, brine seeps, a microbial mat, an urchin field, and a pogonophoran worm community. Samples were processed immediately for enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes without the addition of a preservative. Prokaryote counts were an order of magnitude lower in sediments directly in contact with macrofauna (urchins, pogonophorans) compared to all other samples (107 vs. 108 cells g-1 dry weight) and were highest in areas of elevated salinity (brine seeps). Viral-Like Particle (VLP) counts were lowest in the reference sediments and pogonophoran cores (108 VLP g-1 dry wt), higher in brine seeps (109 VLP g-1 dry wt), and highest in the microbial mats (1010 VLP g-1 dry wt). Virus-prokaryote ratios (VPR) ranged from <5 in the reference sediment to >30 in the microbial mats and >60 in the urchin field. VLP counts and VPR were all significantly greater than those reported from sediments in the deep Mediterranean Sea and in most cases were higher than recent data from a cold-seep site near Japan. The high VPR suggest that greater microbial activity in or near cold-seep environments results in greater viral production and therefore higher numbers of viruses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","publisherLocation":"Oxford, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, C.A., 2010, Enumeration of viruses and prokaryotes in deep-sea sediments and cold seeps of the Gulf of Mexico: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 57, no. 21-23, p. 2002-2007.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2002","endPage":"2007","numberOfPages":"6","temporalStart":"2007-06-21","temporalEnd":"2007-07-02","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064510001700","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico;Green Canyon;Atwater Valley;Alaminos Canyon","volume":"57","issue":"21-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6025e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003598,"text":"70003598 - 2010 - Epizootic ulcerative syndrome caused by Aphanomyces invadans in captive bullseye snakehead Channa marulius collected from south Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-12T15:13:29.701556","indexId":"70003598","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epizootic ulcerative syndrome caused by Aphanomyces invadans in captive bullseye snakehead Channa marulius collected from south Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces invadans is an invasive, opportunistic disease of both freshwater and estuarine fishes. Originally documented as the cause of mycotic granulomatosis of ornamental fishes in Japan and as the cause of EUS of fishes in southeast Asia and Australia, this pathogen is also present in estuaries and freshwater bodies of the Atlantic and gulf coasts of the USA. We describe a mass mortality event of 343 captive juvenile bullseye snakehead Channa marulius collected from freshwater canals in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Clinical signs appeared within the first 2 d of captivity and included petechiae, ulceration, erratic swimming, and inappetence. Histological examination revealed hyphae invading from the skin lesions deep into the musculature and internal organs. Species identification was confirmed using a species-specific PCR assay. Despite therapeutic attempts, 100% mortality occurred. This represents the first documented case of EUS in bullseye snakehead fish collected from waters in the USA. Future investigation of the distribution and prevalence of A. invadans within the bullseye snakehead range in south Florida may give insight into this pathogen-host system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao02158","usgsCitation":"Saylor, R.K., Miller, D.L., Vandersea, M., Bevelhimer, M.S., Schofield, P., and Bennett, W.A., 2010, Epizootic ulcerative syndrome caused by Aphanomyces invadans in captive bullseye snakehead Channa marulius collected from south Florida, USA: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 88, no. 2, p. 169-175, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02158.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02158","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"South Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.96875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 28.38173504322308\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 28.38173504322308\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saylor, Ryan K.","contributorId":97387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saylor","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Debra L.","contributorId":81756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vandersea, Mark W.","contributorId":91368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandersea","given":"Mark W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bevelhimer, Mark S.","contributorId":6329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevelhimer","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":30306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennett, Wayne A.","contributorId":23395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003415,"text":"70003415 - 2010 - Episodic swell growth inferred from variable uplift of the Cape Verde hotspot islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T15:36:35.714036","indexId":"70003415","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic swell growth inferred from variable uplift of the Cape Verde hotspot islands","docAbstract":"On the Beagle voyage, Charles Darwin first noted the creation and subsidence of ocean islands1, establishing in geology’s infancy that island freeboard changes with time. Hotspot ocean islands have an obvious mechanism for freeboard change through the growth of the bathymetric anomaly, or swell2, on which the islands rest. Models for swell development indicate that flexural9, thermal2,3 or dynamic pressure4,5,6,8 contributions, as well as spreading of melt residue from the hotspot7, can all contribute to island uplift. Here we test various models for swell development using the uplift histories for the islands of the Cape Verde hotspot, derived from isotopic dating of marine terraces and subaerial to submarine lava-flow morphologies. The island uplift histories, in conjunction with inter-island spacing, uplift rate and timing differences, rule out flexural, thermal or dynamic pressure contributions. We also find that uplift cannot be reconciled with models that advocate the spreading of melt residue in swell development unless swell growth is episodic. Instead, we infer from the uplift histories that two processes have acted to raise the islands during the past 6 Myr. During an initial phase, mantle processes acted to build the swell. Subsequently, magmatic intrusions at the island edifice caused 350 m of local uplift at the scale of individual islands. Finally, swell-wide uplift contributed a further 100 m of surface rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo982","usgsCitation":"Ramalho, R., Helffrich, G., Cosca, M., Vance, D., Hoffmann, D., and Schmidt, D., 2010, Episodic swell growth inferred from variable uplift of the Cape Verde hotspot islands: Nature Geoscience, v. 3, no. 11, p. 774-777, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo982.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"774","endPage":"777","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cape Verde Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -26.2353515625,\n 14.168534269226564\n ],\n [\n -22.313232421875,\n 14.168534269226564\n ],\n [\n -22.313232421875,\n 18.07275691457901\n ],\n [\n -26.2353515625,\n 18.07275691457901\n ],\n [\n -26.2353515625,\n 14.168534269226564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6020f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramalho, R.","contributorId":38702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramalho","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helffrich, G.","contributorId":41959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helffrich","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosca, M. 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":107417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vance, D.","contributorId":74866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vance","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoffmann, D.","contributorId":61555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmidt, D.N.","contributorId":54718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003933,"text":"70003933 - 2010 - Rejoinder: Sifting through model space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T16:27:09","indexId":"70003933","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rejoinder: Sifting through model space","docAbstract":"Observational data sets generated by complex processes are common in ecology. Traditionally these have been very challenging to analyze because of the limitations of available statistical tools. This seems to be changing, and these are exciting times to be involved with ecological statistics, not just because of the neo-Bayesian revival but also because of the proliferation of computationally intensive methods in general. It is now possible to fit much richer models to observational data than in the relatively recent past, which in turn has stimulated much interest in how to evaluate and compare such models. In such an immature, vibrant, and rapidly growing field, not everyone is going to agree on the best way to do things. This is reflected in the contrast of opinions offered by the discussants. Each offers a thoughtful and thought-provoking critique of our work that reflects the current thinking in a non-negligible segment of the ecological data analysis community. We want to thank them for their insights.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/10-0894.1","usgsCitation":"Heisey, D.M., Osnas, E.E., Cross, P.C., Joly, D.O., Langenberg, J.A., and Miller, M.W., 2010, Rejoinder: Sifting through model space: Ecology, v. 91, no. 12, p. 3503-3514, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0894.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3503","endPage":"3514","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osnas, Erik E.","contributorId":36675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osnas","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joly, Damien O.","contributorId":9392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joly","given":"Damien","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langenberg, Julia A.","contributorId":93619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langenberg","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Michael W.","contributorId":65218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004976,"text":"70004976 - 2010 - Emergency use of groundwater as a backup supply: Quantifying hydraulic impacts and economic benefits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-11T18:00:06.724714","indexId":"70004976","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emergency use of groundwater as a backup supply: Quantifying hydraulic impacts and economic benefits","docAbstract":"Groundwater can play an important role in water‐supply emergency planning. A framework is presented for assessing the hydraulic impacts and associated costs of using groundwater as a backup supply when imported‐water deliveries are disrupted, and for quantifying the emergency benefits of groundwater management strategies that enable better response to such disruptions. Response functions are derived, which relate additional groundwater pumpage during water‐supply emergencies to impacts such as increased pumping costs, subsidence, and seawater intrusion. Monte Carlo analysis is employed to estimate the incremental costs of using groundwater as a backup supply. The emergency benefits of alternative groundwater management strategies are computed for different expected durations of imported water disruption, percentages of imported water replaced by groundwater, and threshold drawdowns for subsidence impacts. The methodology is applied to the coastal Los Angeles Basin. For this case study, emergency benefits of artificial recharge strategies are dominated by reduction of potential subsidence costs. The variance of the results also is primarily due to subsidence effects. Incorporation of probability distributions reflecting a larger expected use of groundwater during the imported‐water disruption results in higher estimated emergency benefits of artificial recharge strategies. The framework presented for quantifying incremental costs and economic benefits of using groundwater as a backup supply could be applied to a broad range of water emergency planning decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008208","usgsCitation":"Reichard, E.G., Li, Z., and Hermans, C., 2010, Emergency use of groundwater as a backup supply: Quantifying hydraulic impacts and economic benefits: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 9, W09524, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008208.","productDescription":"W09524, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008208","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles","otherGeospatial":"Central Basin, Los Angeles Basin, West Coast Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.33333333333333,33.666666666666664 ], [ -118.33333333333333,34.1175 ], [ -117.91666666666667,34.1175 ], [ -117.91666666666667,33.666666666666664 ], [ -118.33333333333333,33.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reichard, Eric G. 0000-0002-7310-3866 egreich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":1207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"Eric","email":"egreich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Zhen zhenli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Zhen","email":"zhenli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hermans, Caroline","contributorId":42680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermans","given":"Caroline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003389,"text":"70003389 - 2010 - Relating the ability of mallards to ingest high levels of sediment to potential contaminant exposure in waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T10:24:28","indexId":"70003389","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating the ability of mallards to ingest high levels of sediment to potential contaminant exposure in waterfowl","docAbstract":"When waterfowl feed from the bottom of bodies of water, they sometimes ingest sediments along with their food, and this sediment can be a major source of contaminants. Learning how much sediment waterfowl can consume in their diet and still maintain their health would be helpful in assessing potential threats from contaminants in sediment. In a controlled laboratory study the maximum tolerated percentage of sediment in the diet of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) was measured. When fed a well‐balanced commercial avian diet, 50, 60, or 70% sediment in the diet on a dry‐weight basis did not cause weight loss over a two‐week period. Ducks fed this same commercial diet, but containing 80 or 90% sediment, lost 8.6 and 15.6% of their body weight, respectively, in the first week on those diets. After factoring in the ability of the mallards to sieve out some of the sediment from their diet before swallowing it, we concluded that the mallards could maintain their health even when approximately half of what they swallowed, on a dry‐weight basis, was sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.174","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G., Beyer, W.N., Hoffman, D.J., and Audet, D.J., 2010, Relating the ability of mallards to ingest high levels of sediment to potential contaminant exposure in waterfowl: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 7, p. 1621-1624, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.174.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1621","endPage":"1624","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, Gary gheinz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"gheinz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Audet, Daniel J.","contributorId":106851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Audet","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003540,"text":"70003540 - 2010 - Recent ecological divergence despite migration in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T14:02:37.029124","indexId":"70003540","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent ecological divergence despite migration in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)","docAbstract":"Ecological divergence may result when populations experience different selection regimes, but there is considerable discussion about the role of migration at the beginning stages of divergence before reproductive isolating mechanisms have evolved. However, detection of past migration is difficult in current populations and tools to differentiate genetic similarities due to migration versus recent common ancestry are only recently available. Using past volcanic eruption times as a framework, we combine morphological analyses of traits important to reproduction with a coalescent‐based genetic analysis of two proximate sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations. We find that this is the most recent (∼500 years, 100 generations) natural ecological divergence recorded in a fish species, and report that this divergence is occurring despite migration. Although studies of fish divergence following the retreat of glaciers (10,000–15,000 years ago) have contributed extensively to our understanding of speciation, the Aniakchak system of sockeye salmon provides a rare example of the initial stages of ecological divergence following natural colonization. Our results show that even in the face of continued migration, populations may diverge in the absence of a physical barrier.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00927.x","usgsCitation":"Pavey, S.A., Nielsen, J.L., and Hamon, T.R., 2010, Recent ecological divergence despite migration in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): Evolution, v. 64, no. 6, p. 1773-1783, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00927.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1773","endPage":"1783","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00927.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aniakchak Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.642578125,\n 56.36525013685609\n ],\n [\n -156.181640625,\n 56.36525013685609\n ],\n [\n -156.181640625,\n 58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -158.642578125,\n 58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -158.642578125,\n 56.36525013685609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavey, Scott A.","contributorId":31516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamon, Troy R.","contributorId":107419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamon","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003831,"text":"70003831 - 2010 - Reconnaissance dating: a new radiocarbon method applied to assessing the temporal distribution of Southern Ocean deep-sea corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T20:18:48","indexId":"70003831","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1370,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance dating: a new radiocarbon method applied to assessing the temporal distribution of Southern Ocean deep-sea corals","docAbstract":"We have developed a rapid 'reconnaissance' method of preparing graphite for 14C/12C analysis. Carbonate (~15 mg) is combusted using an elemental analyzer and the resulting CO2 is converted to graphite using a sealed tube zinc reduction method. Over 85% (n=45 replicates on twenty-one individual corals) of reconnaissance ages measured on corals ranging in age from 500 to 33,000 radiocarbon years (Ryr) are within two standard deviations of ages generated using standard hydrolysis methods on the same corals, and all reconnaissance ages are within 300 Ryr of the standard hydrolysis ages. Replicate measurements on three individual aragonitic corals yielded ages of 1076±35 Ryr (standard deviation; n=5), 10,739±47 Ryr (n=8), and 40,146±3500 Ryr (n=9). No systematic biases were found using different cleaning methods or variable sample sizes. Analysis of 13C/12C was made concurrently with the 14C/12C measurement to correct for natural fractionation and for fractionation during sample processing and analysis. This technique provides a new, rapid method for making accurate, percent-level 14C/12C analyses that may be used to establish the rates and chronology of earth system processes where survey-type modes of age estimation are desirable. For example, applications may include creation of sediment core-top maps, preliminary age models for sediment cores, and growth rate studies of marine organisms such as corals or mollusks. We applied the reconnaissance method to more than 100 solitary deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean to investigate their temporal and spatial distribution. The corals used in this study are part of a larger sample set, and the subset that was dated was chosen based on species as opposed to preservation state, so as to exclude obvious temporal biases. Similar to studies in other regions, the distribution of deep-sea corals is not constant through time across the Drake Passage. Most of the corals from the Burdwood Bank (continental shelf of Argentina) have ages ranging between 0 and 2500 calendar years, whereas most of the corals from the Sars Seamount in the Drake Passage have ages between 10,000 and 12,500 calendar years. Such differences may be caused in part by sampling biases, but may also be caused by changes in larval transport, nutrient supply, or other environmental pressures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.010","usgsCitation":"Burke, A., Robinson, L., McNichol, A.P., Jenkins, W.J., Scanlon, K.M., and Gerlach, D.S., 2010, Reconnaissance dating: a new radiocarbon method applied to assessing the temporal distribution of Southern Ocean deep-sea corals: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 57, no. 11, p. 1510-1520, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1510","endPage":"1520","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269284,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.010"}],"volume":"57","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Andrea","contributorId":12179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Laura F.","contributorId":6179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Laura F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNichol, Ann P.","contributorId":30345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNichol","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, William J.","contributorId":19279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerlach, Dana S.","contributorId":53516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003936,"text":"70003936 - 2010 - Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T19:41:34","indexId":"70003936","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert","docAbstract":"Increasing human appropriation of freshwater resources presents a tangible limit to the sustainability of cities, agriculture, and ecosystems in the western United States. Marc Reisner tackles this theme in his 1986 classic Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. Reisner's analysis paints a portrait of region-wide hydrologic dysfunction in the western United States, suggesting that the storage capacity of reservoirs will be impaired by sediment infilling, croplands will be rendered infertile by salt, and water scarcity will pit growing desert cities against agribusiness in the face of dwindling water resources. Here we evaluate these claims using the best available data and scientific tools. Our analysis provides strong scientific support for many of Reisner's claims, except the notion that reservoir storage is imminently threatened by sediment. More broadly, we estimate that the equivalent of nearly 76% of streamflow in the Cadillac Desert region is currently appropriated by humans, and this figure could rise to nearly 86% under a doubling of the region's population. Thus, Reisner's incisive journalism led him to the same conclusions as those rendered by copious data, modern scientific tools, and the application of a more genuine scientific method. We close with a prospectus for reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert, including a suite of recommendations for reducing region-wide human appropriation of streamflow to a target level of 60%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1009734108","usgsCitation":"Sabo, J.L., Sinha, T., Bowling, L.C., Schoups, G.H., Wallender, W.W., Campana, M., Cherkauer, K., Fuller, P., Graf, W.L., Hopmans, J.W., Kominoski, J.S., Taylor, C., Trimble, S.W., Webb, R., and Wohl, E.E., 2010, Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 107, no. 50, p. 21263-21269, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009734108.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21263","endPage":"21269","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3003073","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269479,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009734108"}],"country":"United States","volume":"107","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb8dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabo, John L.","contributorId":39929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinha, Tushar","contributorId":65979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinha","given":"Tushar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowling, Laura C.","contributorId":98871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowling","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoups, Gerrit H.W.","contributorId":32289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoups","given":"Gerrit","email":"","middleInitial":"H.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallender, Wesley W.","contributorId":65598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallender","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campana, Michael E.","contributorId":29561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campana","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cherkauer, Keith A.","contributorId":73736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkauer","given":"Keith A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fuller, Pam L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":91226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pam L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Graf, William L.","contributorId":92415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graf","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hopmans, Jan W.","contributorId":100517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopmans","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kominoski, John S.","contributorId":14562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kominoski","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Taylor, Carissa","contributorId":78078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Carissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Trimble, Stanley W.","contributorId":65088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wohl, Ellen E.","contributorId":16969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohl","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70005972,"text":"fs20103098 - 2010 - Coral calcification in a changing ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"fs20103098","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3098","title":"Coral calcification in a changing ocean","docAbstract":"Animals and plants that live in the ocean form skeletons and other hard parts by combining calcium ions and carbonate ions to create calcium carbonate. This process is called calcification. In tropical and subtropical oceans, the calcification of corals and other organisms creates reefs that protect islands, produce beautiful white-sand beaches, and create habitat for thousands of species that live on coral reefs.\nMany reefs around the globe are declining in health. Live, reef-building corals are becoming scarcer, often being replaced by fleshy algae (seaweeds) that do not build reefs. Many factors contribute to reef decline, but scientific consensus is that coral bleaching, coral disease, overfishing, and coastal development are largely to blame. It is the role of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide science that informs the decision-making process of those who are tasked with managing reef resources under U.S. jurisdiction.\nOne of the goals of the Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies (CREST) project is to examine how calcification rates in reef-building corals and encrusting coralline algae are changing in response to changes in the ocean environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103098","usgsCitation":"Kuffner, I.B., 2010, Coral calcification in a changing ocean: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3098, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103098.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":575,"text":"St. Petersburg Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3098.jpg"},{"id":110837,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuffner, Ilsa B. 0000-0001-8804-7847 ikuffner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7847","contributorId":3105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"Ilsa","email":"ikuffner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}