The State and Federal cooperative program for the systematic collection of stream-flow records in Iowa was initiated in L914, although a few records were obtained by special arrangements during an earlier period. Since the beginning of the cooperative program measurements of stage or discharge have been obtained at about 100 stations on Iowa streams and lakes for periods of various lengths. The longest records are those for the Mississippi River at Le Claire and Keokuk where authenticated data have been used to extend the record back to 1873 with decreasing accuracy for the earlier years. In addition to the records of daily stages or discharges, hundreds of measurements of a miscellaneous character also have been made at other points.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e35e4b07657d1a819d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, Lawrence C.","contributorId":172475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215208,"text":"70215208 - 1944 - The influence of grain‐selection on the meaning of quartz‐diagrams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T17:23:03.820519","indexId":"70215208","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-12T12:10:30","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of grain‐selection on the meaning of quartz‐diagrams","docAbstract":"The most important factor which would reduce confusion in fabric analyses is the expanded use of partial diagrams. The purpose of this paper is to stress the significance of partial diagrams in a consideration of some confusing aspects of petrofabrics.
Any statistical study results in the accumulation of a mass of detail. In quartz‐fabric analyses the detail consists of the measuring and plotting of thousands of quartz‐axes; in an analysis of joints it consists of the measuring and plotting of thousands of joint‐attitudes. In each case limiting factors are required to give meaning to the accumulated data. The study of joints, to be significant, must be confined to an area with well‐integrated structural features. In quartz‐fabric studies discrimination between grain‐types is essential to the development of interpretable diagrams.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR025i004p00653","usgsCitation":"Fellows, R.E., 1944, The influence of grain‐selection on the meaning of quartz‐diagrams: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 4, p. 653-659, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i004p00653.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"659","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellows, Robert E.","contributorId":71612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellows","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":801203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70215116,"text":"70215116 - 1944 - Differences in basin‐characteristics as reflected by precipitation‐runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T18:42:11.50207","indexId":"70215116","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-07T13:30:43","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in basin‐characteristics as reflected by precipitation‐runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages","docAbstract":"In interpretation and use of basic hydrological data as basis for planning any public works for conservation or control of water, there is great need for a careful and thorough analysis of the precipitation‐runoff relations. Moreover, when such relations may have been worked out for one particular basin, experience has shown that extreme caution must be used in any attempt to apply these relations to another basin even though superficially the latter may appear to be comparable with respect to physiography, meteorological conditions, and all of the other elements which contributed to the relations established for the first basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR025i001p00021","usgsCitation":"Stafford, H., and Troxell, H., 1944, Differences in basin‐characteristics as reflected by precipitation‐runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 1, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i001p00021.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 34.5020297944346\n ],\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 34.5020297944346\n ],\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 33.89321737944089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stafford, H.M.","contributorId":36914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troxell, H.C.","contributorId":69124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxell","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":550,"text":"wsp928 - 1943 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1941, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T13:13:35","indexId":"wsp928","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"928","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1941, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","docAbstract":"Th!s volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results or measurements of stage and flow made on streams, lakes, and reservoirs in the United States during the water year ending September 30, 1941. The work was begun !n 1888 in connection with special studies relating to irrigation. Measurements or the flow or streams and of the stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs have been made at about 9,120 gaging stations !n the United States and also at many gaging stations !n Alaska and Hawaii. In July 1941, 4,850 gaging stations were being maintained by the Geological Survey and cooperating organizations. Miscellaneous discharge measurements were made at many other points.
\nIn the execution of the work many State and private organizations have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting !n collecting data. Cooperation of the first kind is acknowledged in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 11.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/wsp928","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1943, Surface water supply of the United States, 1941, Part VIII, Western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 928, vi, 314 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp928.","productDescription":"vi, 314 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0928/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25113,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0928/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69734d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36230,"text":"b940E - 1943 - Occurrence of manganese in eastern Aroostook County, Maine","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55389,"text":"ofr4347 - 1943 - Manganese deposits of eastern Aroostook County, Maine","indexId":"ofr4347","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"title":"Manganese deposits of eastern Aroostook County, Maine"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":36230,"text":"b940E - 1943 - Occurrence of manganese in eastern Aroostook County, Maine","indexId":"b940E","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Occurrence of manganese in eastern Aroostook County, Maine"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-08T09:55:25","indexId":"b940E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"940","chapter":"E","title":"Occurrence of manganese in eastern Aroostook County, Maine","docAbstract":"Manganiferous rocks are found in two areas in eastern Aroostook County, Maine, one west and northwest of Presque Isle and the other south of Houlton. The manganiferous deposits are sedimentary lenses, up to 150 feet thick and half a mile long, in middle Silurian argilllte. The rocks of both areas are much deformed, but the deformation is less intense and the continuity of the deposits therefore greater in the Presque Isle area than in the Houlton area. The dip of the rocks at most deposits is steep to vertical.
\nBelow the zone of oxidation the manganese occurs as carbonate and as the silicates braunite and bementite. These minerals are primary constituents of the shales and should continue downward to the limits of the sedimentary units that contain them. One deposit, which has been explored by drill- ing to an average depth of 130 feet, contains about 11 percent of manganese, but most of the deposits probably contain be- tween 6.5 and 9 percent. There are many millions of tons of these manganiferOus shales in the county. Some of the deposits contain 20 percent or more of iron., mostly as hematite and limonite, and magnetite is abundant in the Houlton area.
\nIn parts of the deposits above the water table about 30 percent of the manganese occurs as a heavy stain of secondary oxides along joints and parting planes. . The manganese oxides partly replace the primary rock minerals for a distance of 1 to 3 millimeters from cracks in the rock. At the one deposit from which drilling data are available, manganese oxides are found on only a few fractures below the water table, which is at a depth of 20 feet, and none were seen in rocks from below 45 feet. It is estimated that there may be over 1,700,000 tons of partly oxidized manganiferous shale in the region.
\nSome of the deposits are overlain by a thin zone, probably about a foot thick, that is richer in manganese than the underlying oxidized rocks. At the deposit explored by drill- ing, the average manganese content of the deposit as a whole is 76.4 percent of the average as determined from surface sam- ples. The surface enrichment is believed to have taken place before the last advance of the Pleistocene ice, which may have scraped off the enriched part of many deposits. There are probably less than 100,000 tons of enriched rock in all the scattered deposits of the region.
\nThere is a very much greater tonnage of low-grade unenriched manganlferous rock in Aroostook County, but it cannot be utilized until methods of extraction have been improved.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b940E","usgsCitation":"White, W., 1943, Occurrence of manganese in eastern Aroostook County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 940, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b940E.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":97286,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0940e/report.pdf","size":"2389","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0940e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Aroostook, 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Walter S.","contributorId":34492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":215981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213056,"text":"70213056 - 1943 - A frequency‐method of evaluating ground‐water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T17:48:35.321791","indexId":"70213056","displayToPublicDate":"1943-09-09T12:40:07","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A frequency‐method of evaluating ground‐water levels","docAbstract":"Water‐levels in wells, which are utilized by the hydrologist as a measure of ground‐water storage, customarily are measured in terms of distance below a convenient measuring point and expressed with reference to a fixed datum. Datum‐planes or surfaces of several types have been used—each serving some particular purpose advantageously. These include: “Planes” of regional extent, such as mean sea‐level; irregular surfaces defining a particular hydrologic condition, such as low‐water level (if known) or the water‐level on some particular date; and local reference‐planes at each observation‐well, such as a horizontal plane through the measuring point or at the average height of the land‐surface. Recently the Geological Survey has considered the standard use of a land‐surface datum, precisely defined for each observation‐well. This procedure has the practical advantage that the water‐levels can be recorded in final form as soon as the initial measurement is made, without leveling to establish a regional datum or waiting to accumulate sufficient data for defining a particular hydrologic condition.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR024i002p00573","usgsCitation":"Huff, L.C., 1943, A frequency‐method of evaluating ground‐water levels: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 24, no. 2, p. 573-580, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR024i002p00573.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"580","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff, Lyman C.","contributorId":47440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Lyman","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213013,"text":"70213013 - 1943 - Appendix C—Report on research in the field of ground water being conducted by oil companies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-03T20:12:20.057194","indexId":"70213013","displayToPublicDate":"1943-09-03T15:08:50","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appendix C—Report on research in the field of ground water being conducted by oil companies","docAbstract":"In view of the shortness of time since the appointment of the writer to the Committee on Ground Water this report is confined to the technology and problems in the Gulf Coast Oil Province. Of course, many of the methods and practices would apply to most parts of the country however, some would differ materially from one region to another. The writer wishes to acknowledge the suggestions and comments by F. H. LAHEE and PAUL WEAVER.
Having been stationed in Houston, Texas, in the heart of the Gulf Coast Area for four and a half years, the writer has had an opportunity to view the great similarity of the problems confronting the petroleum geologist and engineer and the ground‐water hydrologist. Both groups deal with the accumulation, movement, and withdrawal of fluid from underground strata, yet each group is content to study its own literature and use its own terminology without much concern for the other. The petroleum and ground‐water engineer, independently of one another, have developed mathematical formulas for the determination of permeability from field‐data. These formulas use the same basic principles of physics and the initial papers on the subject by both groups were published within two years of one another. Because of the similarity in the technology and problems of the petroleum engineer and the ground‐water hydrologist there is a definite need for closer cooperation. Some of the problems are so closely related that their solution rests in cooperative studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR024i002p00420","usgsCitation":"Rose, N., 1943, Appendix C—Report on research in the field of ground water being conducted by oil companies: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 24, no. 2, p. 420-421, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR024i002p00420.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"420","endPage":"421","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, N.A.","contributorId":97081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171145,"text":"70171145 - 1943 - The age, growth, and bathymetric distribution of Reighard's chub, Leucichthys reighardi koelz, in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T09:10:31","indexId":"70171145","displayToPublicDate":"1943-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age, growth, and bathymetric distribution of Reighard's chub, Leucichthys reighardi koelz, in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"The following folio of terrain intelligence maps, charts and explanatory tables represent an attempt to bring together available data on natural physical conditions such as will affect military operations in Eastern Siberia. The area covered is the easternmost section of the U.S.S.R.; that is the area east of the Yenisei River. Each map and accompanying table is devoted· to a specialized set of problems; together they cover such subjects as geology, construction materials, mineral fuels, terrain, water supply, rivers and climate. The data is somewhat generalized due to the scale of treatment as well as to the scarcity of basic data. Each of the maps are rated as to reliability according to the reliability scale on the following page. Considerable of the data shown is of an interpretative nature, although precise data from literature was used wherever possible. The maps and tables were compiled by a special group from the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Intelligence Branch of the Office, Chief of Engineers, War Department.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70157218","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Military Geology Branch, 1942, Eastern Siberia terrain intelligence, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70157218.","productDescription":"29 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":309569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70157218.JPG"},{"id":309568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157218/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Siberia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 27.773437499999996,\n 49.15296965617039\n ],\n [\n 27.773437499999996,\n 73.77577986189993\n ],\n [\n 76.2890625,\n 73.77577986189993\n ],\n [\n 76.2890625,\n 49.15296965617039\n ],\n [\n 27.773437499999996,\n 49.15296965617039\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Prepared under direction of Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f7efc6e4b05d6c4e4fa99e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Military Geology Branch","contributorId":127925,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Military Geology Branch","id":572295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52935,"text":"ofr5057 - 1942 - Possibilities of obtaining an additional water supply near Hingham, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T07:57:11","indexId":"ofr5057","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50-57","title":"Possibilities of obtaining an additional water supply near Hingham, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"In February 1942 the War Production Board requested the U.S. Geological Survey to furnish information on the possibilities of obtaining additional water supply near the shore at Hingham, Mass. It was estimated that 300,000 to 500,000 gallons a day was needed.
\nOn February 25 and 26, 1942, a brief field study of the ground-water conditions was made in an area about 2 miles wide along the shore of Hingham Bay at Hingham, Mass. Most of this area is shown on the topographic map of the Weymouth Quadrangle, Mass., surveyed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1936. The field work of the ground-water study consisted mainly of surface transverses and the examination of road cuts and gravel pits. In addition, well records and other data were collected from well drillers and public officials. Acknowledgement is made to H. B. Kinnison, district engineer, U.S. Geological Survey, at Boston, Mass., for his assistance and suggestions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5057","usgsCitation":"Brashears, M., 1942, Possibilities of obtaining an additional water supply near Hingham, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-57, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5057.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288710,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1950/0057/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.950331,42.219825 ], [ -70.950331,42.274018 ], [ -70.826933,42.274018 ], [ -70.826933,42.219825 ], [ -70.950331,42.219825 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brashears, M.L. Jr.","contributorId":23212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brashears","given":"M.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174092,"text":"70174092 - 1942 - Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:26:37.06005","indexId":"70174092","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940","docAbstract":"As a result of the need for basic data and the lack of a current and convenient summary concerning the surface-water resources of Iowa, a synoptic inventory has been prepared as a part of the present State-wide program which is made possible by State and Federal cooperative action. These hydrologic data are assembled in abbreviated form for the convenient* of the public and in order that a current State report containing stream-flow records under one cover will be more readily accessible for Iowa.
This inventory is here presented in the form of a brief compilation report which summarizes results of stream-flow measurements relating to Iowa streams through out the years during which local. State and Federal agencies have cooperated in Iowa with the water resources branch of the United States Geological Survey.
The principal basic data consist of concise summaries for gaging stations in Iowa and certain relevant locations adjacent thereto for which records for five or more complete years have been collected. These summaries include a comprehensive description and history of each station followed by a table giving in convenient form and for general use the figures of maximum and minimum daily dis charge and yearly mean discharge and runoff for the water and calendar years of record. In addition, approximately 300 miscellaneous discharge measurements, which have been made within the State of Iowa, am included in an original and convenient listing. A summary of maximum discharges at LIS places is also given together with other data pertinent to flood flow in Iowa.
","language":"English","publisher":"The State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Crawford, L.C., 1942, Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940: Water Supply Bulletin 1, 129 p.","productDescription":"129 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324462,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70174092/IGS_wsb_1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.3 MB"}],"country":"United 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Part 8, Parts of township 20 north, ranges 9 and 10 east, and township 21 north, ranges 8 and 9 east and all of township 21 north, range 10 east","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":45288,"text":"b900H - 1941 - Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage County, Oklahoma. Part 8, Parts of township 20 north, ranges 9 and 10 east, and township 21 north, ranges 8 and 9 east and all of township 21 north, range 10 east","indexId":"b900H","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage County, Oklahoma. Part 8, Parts of township 20 north, ranges 9 and 10 east, and township 21 north, ranges 8 and 9 east and all of township 21 north, range 10 east"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33723,"text":"b900 - 1942 - Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage county, Oklahoma","indexId":"b900","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage county, Oklahoma"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33723,"text":"b900 - 1942 - Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage county, Oklahoma","indexId":"b900","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage county, Oklahoma"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T18:50:30.576715","indexId":"b900H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"900","chapter":"H","title":"Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage County, Oklahoma. Part 8, Parts of township 20 north, ranges 9 and 10 east, and township 21 north, ranges 8 and 9 east and all of township 21 north, range 10 east","docAbstract":"The area whose subsurface geology and oil and gas resources are described in this report lies along the southern border of Osage County, Okla., and includes parts of T. 20 N., Rs. 9 and 10 E., and of T. 21 N., Rs. 8 and 9 E., and all of T. 21 N., R. 10 E. The towns of Osage and Prue are within the area; Cleveland, which is a mile south of the Arkansas River, is not far beyond its southwestern limit; and Tulsa is 10 miles east of its southeast corner. The production of oil and gas from the many fields in the five townships began as early as 1905, and drilling has continued up to the present. Oil or gas is produced from 13 zones at depths ranging from 250 to 2,600 feet. Of these zones, one is in the Ordovician system, one is at the contact of the Mississippian and the Pennsylvanian series, and all others are in the Pennsylvanian series. The five townships lie within a region that contains many oil and gas fields in the Bartlesville sand; the Red Fork sand is oil-bearing in a narrow belt in T. 21 N., R. 8 E.; and oil and gas are produced in small areas from the Taneha, Skinner, Squirrel, Cleveland, Jones, and Layton sands, the Mussehem and Peoples sand zone, the Okesa, Torpedo, and Clem Creek sand zone, and the Big lime and Peru sand zone.
The rocks dip westward across the five townships at an average rate of about 38 feet to the mile as measured on the top of the Oswego lime. This regional dip is interrupted, however, by many anticlines, domes, synclines, and structural basins. The subsurface crests of most of the domes and anticlines are not directly under the crests as determined on the exposed rocks, and the dips of the deeper rocks are steeper and the structural closures greater in the buried rocks than in the exposed rocks. The exposed rocks are cut by several faults that trend northwest, but the data are insufficient to determine whether the deeply buried rocks, also, are displaced along the faults.
This investigation has shown that there are a few localities not yet completely tested in this part of Osage County that may produce oil and gas and that a few producing oil fields have areas within or adjacent to them that have not been thoroughly prospected. It is pointed out that yields of oil and gas from limy reservoir rocks may be increased by acid treatment and that additional oil may be produced from some of the reservoir sands by repressuring them with gas or flooding them with water.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage County, Oklahoma","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b900H","usgsCitation":"Kirk, C.T., Dillard, W.R., Leatherock, O., and Jenkins, H.D., 1941, Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage County, Oklahoma. Part 8, Parts of township 20 north, ranges 9 and 10 east, and township 21 north, ranges 8 and 9 east and all of township 21 north, range 10 east: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 900, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b900H.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109540,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21071.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21071"},{"id":135246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0900h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":93939,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0900h/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Osage 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C. T.","contributorId":26278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillard, W. R.","contributorId":25906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillard","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leatherock, Otto","contributorId":103645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leatherock","given":"Otto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, H. D.","contributorId":91452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":45279,"text":"b899A - 1941 - Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York. Part 1, Structure and gas possibilities of the Oriskany sandstone in Steuben, Yates, and parts of the adjacent counties","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":45279,"text":"b899A - 1941 - Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York. Part 1, Structure and gas possibilities of the Oriskany sandstone in Steuben, Yates, and parts of the adjacent counties","indexId":"b899A","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York. Part 1, Structure and gas possibilities of the Oriskany sandstone in Steuben, Yates, and parts of the adjacent counties"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33813,"text":"b899 - 1941 - Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York","indexId":"b899","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33813,"text":"b899 - 1941 - Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York","indexId":"b899","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T18:12:17.460206","indexId":"b899A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"899","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York. Part 1, Structure and gas possibilities of the Oriskany sandstone in Steuben, Yates, and parts of the adjacent counties","docAbstract":"The area covered by this report is in southwestern New York and includes a little more than 3,000 square miles in Steuben and Yates counties and parts of the six adjacent counties. This area has been mapped to determine the structural attitude of the exposed rocks, so as to aid those interested in prospecting for natural gas in the Oriskany sandstone of Lower Devonian age.
Because of the gentle regional dip toward the southwest, the youngest beds are exposed in the southwest corner of the area, and progressively older beds crop out northeastward in successive bands that strike generally northwest. All the exposed rocks are of Upper Devonian age except those in a narrow belt at the extreme north edge of the area, where a small thickness of Middle Devonian rocks crops out. The maximum thickness of beds so exposed is nearly 4,000 feet, of which the lower part is predominantly soft dark shale and the upper part predominantly fine-grained sandstone and gray shale. All the beds are marine except a few tongues of continental deposits red shale and sandstone and gray mudstone in the youngest beds. All the beds thicken southeastward, so that there is a northwestward convergence between any two lithologic units in the series. More than 30 key horizons that are persistent and distinctive were mapped, and altitudes on these key horizons served as a basis for constructing the structure contour map. Many of the key horizons are formation or member boundaries, but others are the tops or bottoms of limestone or sandstone beds within formations. All the stratigraphic units mapped are purely lithologic. (See pi. 2.)
The Tully limestone, which crops out along the northern border of the area, is an easily recognizable and therefore valuable key bed for subsurface correlations in this part of the State. Below the Tully limestone is a thick body of Middle Devonian shales of the Hamilton group which rests on another valuable key bed, the hard, cherty Onondaga limestone, also of Middle Devonian age. Below the Onondaga limestone is the Lower Devonian Oriskany sandstone, which is the gas-producing bed. Unlike the Onondaga, the Oriskany is locally thin or absent.
The structure of most of the area is shown by contour lines at 25-foot intervals, but where key horizons are lacking the structure is indicated by dip symbols. Upon the regional south and southwest dip are superposed numerous gentle folds whose axes trend approximately northeastward in the greater part of the area but more nearly eastward in the eastern part. The folds generally tend to become narrower and steeper, and therefore more closely spaced, southwestward. Many of the anticlines fork southwestward, whereas the synclines. tend to fork northeastward. All the folds have a westward or southwestward plunge.
Throughout the area the rocks are jointed in two dominant sets one that trends northwest and the other east or northeast. No evident relation .between these joints, which were measured only in the hard, relatively brittle beds, and the individual folds or domes was discernible.
The faults are concentrated in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the area and trend either northeastward or northwestward. Some are nearly vertical normal faults; others are steep reverse faults. Subsurface data show that most of the faults increase in throw downward and also that many subsurface faults do not reach the surface. A group of faults in the northwestern part of the Greenwood quadrangle and the southwestern part of the Hornell quadrangle were active during Upper Devonian time, while the Gowanda shale and overlying beds were being deposited. At this stratigraphic horizon the beds in a zone a few hundred feet thick are highly deformed in a wide belt on both sides of the faults. Sandstone layers are thinned out into long stringers or swollen into thick masses and in places are bent acutely without fracture. Thin layers of shale, coquina, and sand have flowed together into intricately plicated zones that lack cleavage and joints. These features show that the sediments were deformed while wet and plastic and buried only a little way below the sea floor. The beds that were laid down over these disturbed zones were not involved in this deformation. Many of the sharper flexures and most of the faults are not evident in the beds several hundred feet stratigraphically higher. Accordingly, broad, gentle folds in these higher beds in parts of the area south and west of the northwest corner of the Greenwood quadrangle may conceal, at considerable depths below them, narrow folds separated by abrupt flexures or faults.
Several of the larger streams and rivers occupy strike valleys, and their j courses swing to follow the changing strike of the rocks where they cross ( successive folds. But, with few exceptions, the small streams are not adjusted to the bedrock structure.
Domes likely to serve as traps for natural gas are concentrated in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the area. The Wayne-Dundee gas field is in the northeastern part. All the other potentially valuable domes in this part of the area have been drilled and found valueless except one small structural feature in the southern part of the Ovid quadrangle, which, if the Oriskany is present, may trap a small quantity of gas.
In the Greenwood quadrangle in the southwestern part of the area there is one gas field and four well-defined domes, all of which may be productive if the Oriskany sandstone is present. In the northwest corner of the quadrangle the dips indicate at least two domes that can be adequately defined and evaluated only by geophysical prospecting. The State Line gas field is in tbe Wellsville quadrangle. In the southeast corner of this quadrangle there are three other domes of comparable size that may also be productive if underlain by the Oriskany sandstone. At other places in the Wellsville quadrangle the dips suggest several anticlinal axes on which analogous productive domes maybe found. The structural features in this quadrangle, however, are defined by contours only in the southeastern part. In the Woodhull quadrangle a large dome east of Jasper may be productive, and the western top of the large Woodhull dome in the southwestern part of the quadrangle seems to warrant drilling, despite the absence of the Oriskany in a well on the eastern top. Two wells drilled in 1936 and 1937 a little northeast of a broad, nearly flat-topped dome in the Hornell quadrangle, a few miles east of Hornell,, struck small flows of gas, suggesting that wells drilled higher on this dome may be productive.
In much of the southwestern part of the area seismograph surveys should be of great value in determining the structure at the Tully and Onondaga horizons. Without abundant subsurface control of this sort, the danger of drilling into subsurface faults can hardly be overemphasized.
Three closed or nearly closed synclines in the Greenwood and Wellsville quadrangles appear to be favorable places to drill for oil in the shallow sands presumably parts of the Dunkirk sandstone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b899A","usgsCitation":"Bradley, W.H., and Pepper, J.F., 1941, Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York. Part 1, Structure and gas possibilities of the Oriskany sandstone in Steuben, Yates, and parts of the adjacent counties: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 899, Report: iii, 68 p.; 1 Plate: 33.98 x 35.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b899A.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 68 p.; 1 Plate: 33.98 x 35.11 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":93910,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0899a/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":402106,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93211.htm"},{"id":134603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0899a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":93911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0899a/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -76.75,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -76.75,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68817c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, W. H.","contributorId":102452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pepper, J. F.","contributorId":71522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70213419,"text":"70213419 - 1941 - Coefficients of storage and transmissibility obtained from pumping tests in the Houston District, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T17:07:17.502537","indexId":"70213419","displayToPublicDate":"1941-09-17T11:57:28","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coefficients of storage and transmissibility obtained from pumping tests in the Houston District, Texas","docAbstract":"An investigation of the ground‐water supply of the Houston District, in Texas, has been in progress since December, 1930, under the general direction of O. E. Meinzer, Geologist‐in‐Charge of the Division of Ground Water of the Geological Survey. The Houston District, as the term is used here, comprises all of Harris County and parts of Montgomery, Waller, and Fort Bend counties, lying between the Trinity and Brazos rivers. The investigation in this area has consisted primarily of inventorying well‐logs and pumpage‐records, of obtaining water‐level data and information regarding the chemical character of the ground‐water, and wherever possible of correlating these data.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR022i003p00744","usgsCitation":"Jacob, C.E., 1941, Coefficients of storage and transmissibility obtained from pumping tests in the Houston District, Texas: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 22, no. 3, p. 744-756, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR022i003p00744.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"744","endPage":"756","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.328125,\n 29.372601506681402\n ],\n [\n -94.317626953125,\n 29.372601506681402\n ],\n [\n -94.317626953125,\n 30.230594564932193\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 30.230594564932193\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 29.372601506681402\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacob, C. E.","contributorId":64504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacob","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33813,"text":"b899 - 1941 - Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":45279,"text":"b899A - 1941 - Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York. Part 1, Structure and gas possibilities of the Oriskany sandstone in Steuben, Yates, and parts of the adjacent counties","indexId":"b899A","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York. Part 1, Structure and gas possibilities of the Oriskany sandstone in Steuben, Yates, and parts of the adjacent counties"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33813,"text":"b899 - 1941 - Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York","indexId":"b899","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":45280,"text":"b899B - 1941 - Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York. Part 2. Subsurface structure in part of southwestern New York and mode of occurrence of gas in the Medina group","indexId":"b899B","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York. Part 2. Subsurface structure in part of southwestern New York and mode of occurrence of gas in the Medina group"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33813,"text":"b899 - 1941 - Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York","indexId":"b899","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T09:29:16","indexId":"b899","displayToPublicDate":"1938-01-01T11:10:00","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"899","title":"Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York","docAbstract":"The area covered by this report is in southwestern New York and includes a little more than 3,000 square miles in Steuben and Yates counties and parts of the six adjacent counties. This area has been mapped to determine the structural attitude of the exposed rocks, so as to aid those interested in prospecting for natural gas in the Oriskany sandstone of Lower Devonian age.
Because of the gentle regional dip toward the southwest, the youngest beds are exposed in the southwest corner of the area, and progressively older beds crop out northeastward in successive bands that strike generally northwest. All the exposed rocks are of Upper Devonian age except those in a narrow belt at the extreme north edge of the area, where a small thickness of Middle Devonian rocks crops out. The maximum thickness of beds so exposed is nearly 4,000 feet, of which the lower part is predominantly soft dark shale and the upper part predominantly fine-grained sandstone and gray shale. All the beds are marine except a few tongues of continental deposits—red shale and sandstone and gray mudstone—in the youngest beds. All the beds thicken southeastward, so that there is a northwestward convergence between any two lithologic units in the series. More than 30 key horizons that are persistent and distinctive were mapped, and altitudes on these key horizons served as a basis for constructing the structure contour map. Many of the key horizons are formation or member boundaries, but others are the tops or bottoms of limestone or sandstone beds within formations. All the stratigraphic units mapped are purely lithologic. (See pl. 2.)
The Tully limestone, which crops out along the northern border of the area, is an easily recognizable and therefore valuable key bed for subsurface correlations in this part of the State. Below the Tully limestone is a thick body of Middle Devonian shales of the Hamilton group which rests on another valuable key bed, the hard, cherty Onondaga limestone, also of Middle Devonian age. Below the Onondaga limestone is the Lower Devonian Oriskany sandstone, which is the gas-producing bed. Unlike the Onondaga, the Oriskany is locally thin or absent.
The structure of most of the area is shown by contour lines at 25-foot intervals, but, where key horizons are lacking the structure is indicated by dip symbols. Upon the regional south and southwest dip are superposed numerous gentle folds whose axes trend approximately northeastward in the greater part of the area but more nearly eastward in the eastern part. The folds generally tend to become narrower and steeper, and therefore more closely spaced, southwestward. Many of the anticlines fork southwestward, whereas the synclines tend to fork northeastward. All the folds have a westward or southwestward plunge.
Throughout the area the rocks are jointed in two dominant sets—one that trends northwest and the other east or northeast. No evident relation between these joints, which were measured only in the hard, relatively brittle beds, and the individual folds or domes was discernible.
The faults are concentrated in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the area and trend either northeastward or northwestward. Some are nearly vertical normal faults ; others are steep reverse faults. Subsurface data show that most of the faults increase in throw downward and also that many subsurface faults do not reach the surface. A group of faults in the northwestern part of the Greenwood quadrangle and the southwestern part of the Hornell quadrangle were active during Upper Devonian time, while the Gowanda shale and overlying beds were being deposited. At this stratigraphic horizon the beds in a zone a few hundred feet thick are highly deformed in a wide belt on both sides of the faults. Sandstone layers are thinned out into long stringers or swollen into thick masses and in places are bent acutely without fracture. Thin layers of shale, coquina, and sand have flowed together into intricately plicated zones that lack cleavage and joints. These features show that the sediments were deformed while wet and plastic and buried only a little way below the sea floor. The beds that were laid down over these disturbed zones were not involved in this deformation. Many of the sharper flexures and most of the faults are not evident in the beds several hundred feet stratigraphically higher. Accordingly, broad, gentle folds in these higher beds in parts of the area south and west of the northwest corner of the Greenwood quadrangle may conceal, at considerable depths below them, narrow folds separated by abrupt flexures or faults.
Several of the larger streams and rivers occupy strike valleys, and their courses swing to follow the changing strike of the rocks where they cross successive folds. But, with few exceptions, the small streams are not adjusted to the bedrock structure.
Domes likely to serve as traps for natural gas are concentrated in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the area. The Wayne-Dundee gas field is in the northeastern part. All the other potentially valuable domes in this part of the area have been drilled and found valueless except one small structural feature in the southern part of the Ovid quadrangle, which, if the Oriskany is present, may trap a small quantity of gas.
In the Greenwood quadrangle in the southwestern part of the area there is one gas field and four well-defined domes, all of which may be productive if the Oriskany sandstone is present. In the northwest corner of the quadrangle the dips indicate at least two domes that can be adequately defined and evaluated only by geophysical prospecting. The State Line gas field is in the Wellsville quadrangle. In the southeast corner of this quadrangle there are three other domes of comparable size that may also be productive if underlain by the Oriskany sandstone. At other places in the Wellsville quadrangle the dips suggest several anticlinal axes on which analogous productive domes may be found. The structural features in this quadrangle, however, are defined by contours only in the southeastern part. In the Woodhull quadrangle a large dome east of Jasper may be productive, and the western top of the large Wood-hull dome in the southwestern part of the quadrangle seems to warrant drilling, despite the absence of the Oriskany in a well on the eastern top. Two wells drilled in 1936 and 1937 a little northeast of a broad, nearly flat-topped dome in the Hornell quadrangle, a few miles east of Hornell, struck small flows of gas, suggesting that wells drilled higher on this dome may be productive.
In much of the southwestern part of the area seismograph surveys should be of great value in determining the structure at the Tully and Onondaga horizons. Without abundant subsurface control of this sort, the danger of drilling into subsurface faults can hardly be overemphasized.
Three closed or nearly closed synclines in the Greenwood and Wellsville quadrangles appear to be favorable places to drill for oil in the shallow sands— presumably parts of the Dunkirk sandstone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b899","usgsCitation":"Bradley, W., Pepper, J., and Richardson, G.B., 1941, Geologic structure and occurrence of gas in part of southwestern New York: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 899, Report: iv, 93 p.; Plate: 33.83 x 35.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b899.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 93 p.; Plate: 33.83 x 35.33 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0899/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":334031,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0899/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":334032,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0899/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"15.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.7621,40.496 ], [ -79.7621,45.0159 ], [ -71.8563,45.0159 ], [ -71.8563,40.496 ], [ -79.7621,40.496 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc1ee4b0b58d96eeb598","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Wilmot H.","contributorId":51751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Wilmot H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pepper, James F.","contributorId":10086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepper","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, G. B.","contributorId":70356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2988,"text":"wsp846 - 1940 - Natural water loss in selected drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"wsp846","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"846","title":"Natural water loss in selected drainage basins","docAbstract":"Determinations of areal rainfall, run-off, and water loss, comprising largely evaporation from land surfaces and transpiration by vegetation, are essential in indicating the hydrologic characteristics of river basins. \r\n\r\nThis report is primarily a statistical study that presents the results of computations of annual water loss, or annual rainfall minus annual run-off, for river basins in the humid or semiarid regions east of the Rocky Mountains. The basic period for which the computations are made is the water year or year ending September 30. \r\n\r\nAs it is impractical to present in this report all the basic data used in arriving at the results, only sample computations are given. The various steps in the computations and the probable accuracy of the results are discussed. The drainage areas for which data are presented are those above river-measuring stations that have records for 3 years or more. For each area there are determinations of annual rainfall, annual run-off, and annual water loss for each year of record .as well as the means for the period of record. Results are given for about 200 drainage areas with an aggregate period of record of more than 2,000 years. As an illustration of the magnitude involved, the annual water loss from the eastern streams draining directly into the Atlantic Ocean varies more or less closely with latitude from about 20 inches as an average in northern New England to about 30 inches in Georgia. \r\n\r\nAs the annual water loss from a basin is affected by the temperature, a supplemental study was made of the relation between water loss and temperature. For 28 drainage areas selected in various parts 8f eastern and central United States, average temperatures were computed for each year of the period shown in table 1. The results indicate a relation between average annual water loss and average annual temperature.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp846","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.R., 1940, Natural water loss in selected drainage basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 846, iv, 62 p. :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp846.","productDescription":"iv, 62 p. :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0846/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29760,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0846/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Gordon R.","contributorId":51729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2987,"text":"wsp847 - 1940 - Maximum discharges at stream-measurement stations through December 31, 1937, with a supplement including additions and changes through September 30, 1938","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-17T10:25:25","indexId":"wsp847","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"847","title":"Maximum discharges at stream-measurement stations through December 31, 1937, with a supplement including additions and changes through September 30, 1938","docAbstract":"This report is a compilation of the highest known discharges at most gaging stations in the United States and at several places on boundary streams in Canada and Mexico. In the design and operation of a variety of engineering works on rivers, such as dams, spillways, bridges, dikes, and floodways, it is important to know the flood flows for which provision should be made. This report makes available a summary of the records of flood discharges of the streams of the United States for thousands of drainage areas. Many of the records extend back scores of years, and a few extend back more than 100 years. The data concerning maximum known flood flows in this report form a basis of comparison for floods that may occur in the future.
The records in the annual surface water reports of the Geological Society provide the broad network on which this compilation is based.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp847","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Research and Statistical Division of the Works Progress Administration for New York City and the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.R., Crawford, L.C., and Eisenlohr, W.S., 1940, Maximum discharges at stream-measurement stations through December 31, 1937, with a supplement including additions and changes through September 30, 1938: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 847, iii, 272 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp847.","productDescription":"iii, 272 p.","numberOfPages":"276","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29759,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0847/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0847/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6100fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Gordon R.","contributorId":51729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Lawrence C.","contributorId":172475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eisenlohr, William Stewart Jr.","contributorId":115220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisenlohr","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stewart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206794,"text":"70206794 - 1940 - Stratigraphic measurements in parallel folds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T15:20:35","indexId":"70206794","displayToPublicDate":"1940-12-31T15:10:03","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic measurements in parallel folds","docAbstract":"Folded rocks having bedding surfaces which are approximately parallel are said to lie in parallel folds. Utilizing the principle of evolutes and involutes, the author offers a more precise definition of parallel folds and points out inconsistencies in other concepts. With the idea of classifying parallel folds and possibly of deducing the mechanics of their formation, methods are presented for obtaining the differential equations of the families of involutes which, in certain cross sections, represent the traces of stratigraphic surfaces; and for obtaining the equations of the corresponding evolutes. Geometric methods are also given. These equations and geometric constructions may be deduced either from assumed structural postulates or from actual field data. Another part of the paper deals with the application of mean trigonometric functions to the measurement of thickness of strata, depth and distance to a stratum, and other stratigraphic dimensions in sections oblique to the strike of the rocks. This topic is considered under two headings: (1) where such measurements can be made from data collected at several stations along a line of traverse, and (2) where they must be made from a series of structural observations, considered in pairs. In the first case, no assumption is made regarding the curvature of the strata, but instead the mean values of the required functions are derived by mechanical integration. In the second case, the usual assumption of circular curvature is made, and the necessary functions are obtained by the use of definite integrals. Tables of the logarithms of these mean functions, with an increment of 5 degrees for the argument, are also presented. © 1940 Geological Society of America.
","language":"English ","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GSAB-51-1107","issn":" 00167606","usgsCitation":"Mertie, J., 1940, Stratigraphic measurements in parallel folds: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 51, no. 8, p. 1107-1134, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-51-1107.","productDescription":"28 p. ","startPage":"1107","endPage":"1134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mertie, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":29383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mertie","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213812,"text":"70213812 - 1940 - Ground‐water problems in Ohio, with special reference to the industrial area of Cincinnati in Butler and Hamilton counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:02:13.937359","indexId":"70213812","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T13:27:42","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground‐water problems in Ohio, with special reference to the industrial area of Cincinnati in Butler and Hamilton counties","docAbstract":"The importance of ground‐water as a natural resource to be used for water‐supply and industrial purposes is often overlooked by the general public. A recent survey conducted by the Engineering News‐Record [see 1 of “References” at end of paper], based on data obtained from State Sanitary engineers, shows that 9,100 out of a total of 12,700 public water‐supply systems in the United States obtain water from underground sources. Of the total population served by public water‐supplies, about 28 per cent or 22,500,000 people are served by systems using ground‐water. In addition to the quantities of water pumped for public supplies, many million gallons of ground‐water are pumped daily for rural, domestic, and industrial purposes. In many of the cities that have public supplies from surface‐sources, there is nevertheless heavy pumping from private wells for industrial purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i004p01126","usgsCitation":"Klaer, F., 1940, Ground‐water problems in Ohio, with special reference to the industrial area of Cincinnati in Butler and Hamilton counties: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 4, p. 1126-1131, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i004p01126.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1126","endPage":"1131","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klaer, F.H. 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Part 2, Townships 22 and 23 north, ranges 8 and 9 east"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33723,"text":"b900 - 1942 - Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage county, Oklahoma","indexId":"b900","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage county, Oklahoma"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33723,"text":"b900 - 1942 - Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage county, Oklahoma","indexId":"b900","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage county, Oklahoma"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T12:35:13.290702","indexId":"b900B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"900","chapter":"B","title":"Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage County, Oklahoma. Part 2, Townships 22 and 23 north, ranges 8 and 9 east","docAbstract":"This report on the subsurface geology of Osage County, Okla., describes the structural features, the character of the oil- and gas-producing beds, and the localities where additional oil and gas may be found. It embodies a part of the results of a subsurface geologic investigation of the Osage Indian Reservation, which coincides in area with Osage County. The investigation was conducted by a field party of the Geological Survey of the United States Department of the Interior from 1934 to 1937 and involved the study of the records of about 17,000 wells that have been drilled in Osage County. Funds for the investigation were allotted to the Geological Survey by the Public Works Administration. The primary purpose of the examination was to obtain geologic data for use in the administration of the Indian lands. The results of the inquiry have shown that many localities in Osage County outside the present producing oil fields are worthy of prospecting for oil and gas and that additional oil and gas can be found also by exploring deeply buried beds in old producing fields.
All townships in Osage County that contain many wells are described; the information furnished by such townships is ample for drawing detailed subsurface structure-contour maps. The descriptions of several contiguous townships are combined in separate reports, which are issued as parts of a single bulletin. No edition of the consolidated volume will be published, but the several parts can be bound together if desired.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage county, Oklahoma","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b900B","usgsCitation":"Kirk, C.T., Jenkins, H.D., Leatherock, O., Dillard, W.R., Kennedy, L.E., and Bass, N., 1939, Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage County, Oklahoma. Part 2, Townships 22 and 23 north, ranges 8 and 9 east: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 900, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b900B.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0900b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":93933,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0900b/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":109534,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21071.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"21071"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Osage 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C. T.","contributorId":26278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, H. D.","contributorId":91452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leatherock, Otto","contributorId":103645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leatherock","given":"Otto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dillard, W. R.","contributorId":25906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillard","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennedy, L. E.","contributorId":26271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bass, N. W.","contributorId":104867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bass","given":"N. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1238,"text":"wsp842 - 1939 - Floods in the Canadian and Pecos River basins of New Mexico, May and June 1937","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T22:12:44.831439","indexId":"wsp842","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"842","title":"Floods in the Canadian and Pecos River basins of New Mexico, May and June 1937","docAbstract":"In May and June floods occurred in the Canadian and Pecos River Basins of New Mexico that were unusually high and in many places were record breaking. \r\n\r\nThe floods were caused by heavy rains that occurred over the eastern part of the State from May 23 to June 4 in a series of intense and intermittent storms. During these storms of the cloudburst type as much as 12 inches of rain fell in the 13-day period, and a fall of 7 inches in 2 hours and 40 minutes was reported from the vicinity of Clayton. Heavy rains also fell in the mountainous region west of Roswell, amounting to as much as l0 inches at some places. Much of the region that had excessive rainfall is relatively flat and has no well-defined drainage system. From these areas there was very little run-off and practically no water was contributed to the major streams. \r\n\r\nHail fell at many places in eastern New Mexico, causing damage to crops, livestock, and other property. Hail fell somewhere in the Canadian and Pecos River Basins almost every day during the storm period, but the duration of the fall was generally short. The largest hailstones were reported from Clayton, where one stone measured 8 inches in circumference and weighed 9 ounces; at Centerville, where reports state that some stones were 9 to 10 inches in circumference; and near Roswell, where it was reported that six stones would fill a gallon bucket. The Canadian River flood reached a peak at Logan of 110,000 second-feet, which has been exceeded in this century only by the floods of 1904, 1909, and 1914. The total run-off at Logan for the flood period has been computed as 653,800 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nAt Santa Rosa the Pecos River reached a maximum discharge of 88,200 second-feet, which is greater than any previously recorded. This flood was partly stored in the Alamogordo Reservoir; the peak below the reservoir was only 25,200 second-feet. \r\n\r\nThe Pecos River flood at Roswell reached a maximum discharge of more than 80,000 second-feet. This water came mostly from tributaries that have .their sources in the mountainous area west of Roswell. The Cienaga del Macho, ordinarily a small dry creek, discharged about 49,800 second-feet at its peak. The Rio Hondo experienced several flood peaks, the largest at Roswell probably being near 20,000 second-feet. Berrendo Creek, which enters the Rio Hondo near Roswell, had a computed peak discharge of 37,700 second-feet. \r\n\r\nRoswell was subjected to several floods that inundated large areas of the town. Considerable damage was done by the water, which covered nearly all the area occupied by the town. \r\n\r\nLake McMillan, an artificial reservoir on the Pecos River about 12 miles above Carlsbad, was put to a severe strain by the large quantity of water passing through it, but no serious damage resulted. The capacity of the lake at spillway level is about 39,000 acre-feet, but at the peak of the flood the lake held about 86,000 acre-feet. The total quantity of water passing through the lake during the flood period was more than 440,000 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nThis report presents data pertinent to the floods of May and June 1937, including results of peak discharge determinations made at about 14 miscellaneous places, records of peak stages and discharges and of mean daily discharges during the flood period at 23 regular river-measurement stations, records of rainfall at about 190 places, an isohyetal map showing rainfall over the entire State and two isohyetal maps showing rainfall over the Canadian and Pecos River Basins, and a discussion of the weather conditions during the flood period, including an upper-air wind and pressure chart of the United States for May 28, 1937. In addition to the information listed above the report includes a summary of records of past floods at all places in New Mexico at which authentic records were available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp842","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, T., 1939, Floods in the Canadian and Pecos River basins of New Mexico, May and June 1937: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 842, iv, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp842.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395197,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24657.htm"},{"id":26167,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0842/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0842/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Canadian and Pecos River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, Tate","contributorId":59420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"Tate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70099108,"text":"70099108 - 1939 - Geologic map and guide of the island of Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T08:55:26","indexId":"70099108","displayToPublicDate":"1939-01-01T10:50:00","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"Geologic map and guide of the island of Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This bulletin, although designated Bulletin 2, is actually the fourth of a series published by the Division of Hydrography of the Territory of Hawaii. All four of the bulletins thus far published relate to the geology and ground-water resources of the island of Oahu.1 Together they present the results obtained on this island in the program of ground-water investigation of the Territory that has been conducted in cooperation with the Geological Survey, of the United States Department of the Interior. Bulletin 5 which is in preparation will describe the progress made in developing the ground-water resources of Oahu since Bulletin 1 was issued. In Bulletin 2 is presented the detailed geologic map of Oahu that has resulted from this investigation. The base for this map is the new topographic map of Oahu prepared by the Topographic Branch of the Geological Survey. This bulletin also contains a guide to the geology along the main highways, which can be used advantageously in connection with the geologic map. For 18 years the writer has had the great privilege of working under the technical direction of Mr. 0. E. Meinzer, geologist in charge of the Division of Ground Water, U. S. Geological Survey. Nearly two decades ago Mr. Meinzer envisioned the great benefits that the people of Hawaii would derive from a thorough study of the groundwater resources of these islands. He also recognized that a full knowledge of these resources could be obtained only by a complete understanding of the geology of the islands and the processes which formed them. This bulletin is one of a series that has been made possible largely as a result of his broad vision. Credit is due Mr. W. 0 . Clark for the location of all the dikes shown on plate 2 in the headwaters of Kamananui Stream near the north end of the Koolau Range, and to Dr. C. K. Wentworth for about a dozen dikes north of Kaimuki. Messrs. 0. E. Meinzer, G. R. Mansfield, M. H. Carson, G. A. Macdonald, and S. H. Elbert kindly criticized the manuscript. Mr. Harry L. Taeuber designed the cover and with James Y. Nitta prepared the illustrations. Their work has greatly enriched this bulletin. The topographic maps of 15-minute quadrangles, on a scale of 1 to 20,000 (approximately 3 inches to the mile), were used in the field as a base for the geologic mapping. The data were then transferred to the new topographic map of Oahu, which is on a scale of 1 to 62,500. The resulting geologic map is reproduced as plate 2 (in pocket) of this report. Some of the outcrops are too small to be shown on this smaller map. Plate 2 of this report was listed as plate 2 in Bulletin 1, which was, however, published without the map because of the time required to prepare and engrave the topographic base and the geologic map. The geologic structure sections at the bottom of plate 2 were not described in Bulletin 1, but are discussed below.
","language":"English","publisher":"Division of Hydrography of the Territory of Hawaii","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Stearns, H.T., 1939, Geologic map and guide of the island of Oahu, Hawaii: Bulletin 2, Report: vii, 75 p.; 1 Plate: 50.57 x 40.46 inches.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 75 p.; 1 Plate: 50.57 x 40.46 inches","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":221,"text":"Division of Hydrography","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70099108.jpg"},{"id":286066,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70099108/report.pdf"},{"id":286065,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70099108/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","city":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age, growth, and feeding habits of the whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchell), of Lake Champlain","docAbstract":"This study is based on 120 whitefish collected in northern Lake Champlain (Missisquoi Bay) in 1930 and on 175 whitefish taken in southern Lake Champlain in 1931. Since the whitefish population had not been exploited commercially after 1912 in United States waters and after 1915 in Canadian waters, its study should be of interest in showing the characteristics of a population practically untouched by man. Data have been presented on length frequencies, age composition, growth, coefficient of condition, sex ratio, standard length-total length relationship, and feeding habits. The data indicated that the Missisquoi Bay population was disturbed (probably by the early fall seining of 1930) before our samples were taken so that the original length distributions no longer existed. The southern Lake Champlain material, however, showed a consistency which indicated that the population had not been exploited to any extensive degree, if at all. When the northern population was compared with the southern the former was found to differ from the latter in the following respects, which differences pointed to some disturbance of the northern stock in the lake
\n| 1. | \n\n By possession of lower modes and smaller grand averages of length. \n | \n
| 2. | \n\n By absence of very old individuals. \n | \n
| 3. | \n\n By absence of a series of equally abundant age groups or, in other words, by the presence of a decided dominance of one or two age groups. \n | \n
| 4. | \n\n By a radical disagreement between the sexes in their age-frequency distribution. \n | \n
| 5. | \n\n By a disagreement between the sexes with respect to maximum lengths attained. \n | \n
All of the differences between the two collections could, however, not be attributed to exploitation. The following characteristics indicated the presence of two distinct populations in the lake
\n| 1. | \n\n Presence of a spawning ground at each end of the lake. \n | \n
| 2. | \n\n Differences in calculated lengths and increments of length (growth rates). \n | \n
| 3. | \n\n Differences in the actual lengths and weights of corresponding age groups at capture. \n | \n
| 4. | \n\n Differences in the coefficient of condition and the length-weight relationship. \n | \n
The discovery of the presence of apparently two separate populations of whitefish in Lake Champlain was wholly unexpected by us.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1938)68[152:TAGAFH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., and Deason, H.J., 1939, The age, growth, and feeding habits of the whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchell), of Lake Champlain: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 68, no. 1, p. 152-162, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1938)68[152:TAGAFH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"162","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b48468e4b0cc79998053ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deason, Hilary J.","contributorId":66628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deason","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1898,"text":"wsp837 - 1938 - Inventory of unpublished hydrologic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp837","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1938","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"837","title":"Inventory of unpublished hydrologic data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp837","usgsCitation":"Holland, W.T., and Jarvis, C.S., 1938, Inventory of unpublished hydrologic data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 837, ii, 77 p. :chiefly tables ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp837.","productDescription":"ii, 77 p. :chiefly tables ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0837/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27192,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0837/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27193,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0837/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27194,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0837/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0837/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c6e4b07f02db53fd1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, William T.","contributorId":45691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarvis, Clarence S.","contributorId":75509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"Clarence","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1740,"text":"wsp838 - 1938 - Floods of Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, January-February 1937, with a section on the Flood deposits of the Ohio River, January-February 1937","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T11:12:48","indexId":"wsp838","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1938","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"838","title":"Floods of Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, January-February 1937, with a section on the Flood deposits of the Ohio River, January-February 1937","docAbstract":"In January and February 1937 the Ohio and mid-Mississippi Rivers experienced floods which, over reaches many hundreds of miles in length, exceeded all previously recorded stages. When measured by the loss of life and property, extent of damage, and general disruption of human activities, these floods constituted a major catastrophe.
\nThe floods were caused by a succession of heavy rainstorms that began late in December 1936 and continued nearly to the end of the following January. Although the storms covered a considerable part of the lower Mississippi River Basin and almost the entire Ohio River Basin, the center of heaviest precipitation was in the middle and lower portions of the Ohio River Valley.
\nThe total storm period can be subdivided into several individual storms, which were more or less clearly demarked by short intervening periods of little or no precipitation. Although the individual storm periods were the same or nearly the same over wide areas, their subdivisions were somewhat different in the most widely separated parts of the affected areas, with intermediate gradations in the intervening areas. The heaviest rainfall--that of January 20 to 25--was centered in the lower Ohio Valley, and, falling as it did upon a region with soil saturated and waterways already running full, it had the effect of producing extreme floods.
\nThe small quantity of snow on the ground over the higher eastern parts of the area at the beginning of the storm period disappeared in a short time. Some of the precipitation occurred in the form of snow, but this snow and the associated cold weather were much less significant in their influence on the floods than in the misery and discomfort they caused to ill-sheltered flood refugees and flood-bound people.
\nSequence and time of the storms were such that in the upper and smaller tributary basins the associated flood rises tended to clear to a notable degree before the-next flood rises came; hence many of these tributaries were at no time in extreme flood. In the lower reaches of the largest tributaries, and especially on the middle and lower reaches of the Ohio River, there were extreme and almost continuously increasing accumulations of run-off, which culminated in the region of Louisville, Ky., in stages 10 or 11 feet higher than any previously known.
\nThe precipitation was heaviest in the Ohio River Basin, and the flood in the Mississippi River, like other notable floods of the past, was caused largely by the extraordinary contributions from the Ohio River. The river stages exceeded those previously recorded for the lower 700 miles on the Ohio River and for 250 miles .on the Mississippi River below the Ohio. At Cairo, Ill., at the mouth Of the Ohio River, the river stage was higher for a period of 19 days, from January 24 to February 11, than at any previous time on record. The height above previous flood stages diminished materially as the flood progressed down the Mississippi.
\nThe mean precipitation ever the Ohio River Basin during the storm period was. 12.85 inches. The snow on the ground at the beginning of the period is estimated to have been equivalent to a mean depth of 0.10 inch of water over the basin. Out of the total precipitation 8.9 inches appeared as flood flow. On January 26 the computed volume of water in the stream channels of the Ohio River Basin was 56,000,000 acre-feet, equivalent to a depth of 5.1 inches over the drainage basin. The maximum discharge of the Ohio River at its mouth was 1,880,000 second-feet on February 1. On February 2, the day of the crest stage at the mouth of the Ohio, the computed volume of water on the surface channel system was equivalent to a depth of 3.7 inches over the drainage basin, of which 2.4 inches was in the 337-mile reach of the Ohio River between Louisville, Ky., and the mouth.
\nThis water-supply paper presents records of stage and discharge for the period including the floods at about 250 measurement stations, records of stage and discharge for the period including the floods at about 250 measurement stations, records of storage in many reservoirs, a summary of peak discharges with comparative data for other floods at about 470 measurement points, and tables
showing crest stages along an aggregate length of stream channel for 5,000 miles. The report also includes basic information in regard to the
weather associated with the floods, results of detailed studies of the rainfall and run-off, analyses of the volume of flood waters'in the surface
channel systems during the progress of the floods, and many other kinds of flood information.
Following the main flood report is a brief report entitled \"Flood\" deposits of the Ohio River, January-February 1937, a study of sedimentation.\"
An abstract of that report is presented on page 693.