We investigated the phylogeography of the closely related relict leopard frog Rana onca (=Lithobates onca) and lowland leopard frog Rana yavapaiensis (=Lithobates yavapaiensis) – two declining anurans from the warm‐desert regions of south‐western North America. We used sequence data from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to assess 276 individuals representing 30 sites from across current distributions. Our analysis supports a previously determined phylogenetic break between these taxa, and we found no admixing of R. onca and R. yavapaiensis haplotypes within our extensive sampling of sites. Our phylogeographic assessment, however, further divided R. yavapaiensis into two distinct mtDNA lineages, one representing populations across Arizona and northern Mexico and the other a newly discovered population within the western Grand Canyon, Arizona. Estimates of sequence evolution indicate a possible Early Pleistocene divergence of R. onca and R. yavapaiensis, followed by a Middle Pleistocene separation of the western Grand Canyon population of R. yavapaiensis from the main R. yavapaiensis clade. Phylogeographic and demographic analyses indicate population or range expansion for R. yavapaiensis within its core distribution that appears to predate the latest glacial maximum. Species distribution models under current and latest glacial climatic conditions suggest that R. onca and R. yavapaiensis may not have greatly shifted ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00667.x","usgsCitation":"Olah-Hemmings, V., Jaeger, J., Sredl, M., Schlaepfer, M.A., Jennings, R., Drost, C., Bradford, D., and Riddle, B., 2010, Phylogeography of declining relict and lowland leopard frogs in the desert Southwest of North America: Journal of Zoology, v. 280, no. 4, p. 343-354, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00667.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"354","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,27 ], [ -116,39 ], [ -108,39 ], [ -108,27 ], [ -116,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"280","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685cc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olah-Hemmings, V.","contributorId":95190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olah-Hemmings","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaeger, J.R.","contributorId":82818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sredl, M.J.","contributorId":32290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sredl","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Martin A.","contributorId":44881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jennings, R.D.","contributorId":92191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drost, C.A.","contributorId":99692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bradford, D.F.","contributorId":97239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Riddle, B.R.","contributorId":91615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70004052,"text":"70004052 - 2010 - Plant population and habitat characteristics of the endemic Sonoran Desert cactus Peniocereus striatus in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T12:15:54","indexId":"70004052","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant population and habitat characteristics of the endemic Sonoran Desert cactus Peniocereus striatus in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona","docAbstract":"Peniocereus striatus (Brandegee) Buxb. (Cactaceae) is an endemic Sonoran Desert cactus that reaches its northern range limit in southwestern Arizona. One U.S. population occupies a small area of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument near the U.S./Mexico international boundary, which has been monitored since 1939. An extensive survey conducted in 2002, covering 177 ha, resulted in the discovery of 88 new plants, in addition to the relocation of 57 plants found in previous surveys. Despite potential increases in population size and spatial distribution, mean plant height and number of basal stems has not significantly changed in recent years. Bud scars revealed that a majority of the population was sexually mature. Peniocereus striatus occurrence increased with decreasing slope, spanned every slope aspect, and was highest on rocky soils, but was noticeably low on west and northwest slopes and areas where severe land degradation had previously occurred. Over half of P. striatus plants were nursed by shrubs and subshrubs, while 40% occurred under leguminous trees. A severe frost in January 2002 top-killed 19% of the population, with the greatest damage in drainage bottoms. However, long-term (1944–2002) climate records show that there has been an overall increase in the number of frost free days in the region, which, coupled with land use change, has implications for the future health of this population.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Botanical Society","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Rutman, S., and Munson, S.M., 2010, Plant population and habitat characteristics of the endemic Sonoran Desert cactus Peniocereus striatus in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona: Madroño, v. 57, no. 4, p. 220-228.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"228","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94332,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3120/0024-9637-57.4.220","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument","volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68504d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Greta","contributorId":94427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Greta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutman, Sue","contributorId":33832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutman","given":"Sue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003632,"text":"70003632 - 2010 - Pleistocene carbonate stratigraphy of South Florida: Evidence for high-frequency sea-level cyclicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-29T14:01:04.25314","indexId":"70003632","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene carbonate stratigraphy of South Florida: Evidence for high-frequency sea-level cyclicity","docAbstract":"Pleistocene carbonates of south Florida and islands of the Florida Keys are currently divided into five marine sequences designated, from oldest to youngest, the Q1–Q5 units. The units include a mosaic of freshwater and shallow marine deposits that accumulated on the Florida platform during high sea-level stands. The units are separated by regional-scale subaerial-exposure surfaces that formed during glacioeustatic lowstands. Analyses of cores recovered at Grossman Ridge Rock Reef and Joe Ree Rock Reef in the Florida Everglades reveal additional subaerial-exposure surfaces that are used to delineate subdivisions within units Q1 (Q1a–Q1b), Q2 (Q2a–Q2d), and Q4 (Q4a–Q4b). Units Q1–Q5 preserve evidence of at least 10 separate sea-level highstands, rather than 5 as indicated by previous studies.
Compilation of available uranium-series dates on corals recovered from the Florida Keys indicates that the Q4 unit accreted during sea-level maxima associated with marine oxygen-isotope Stage 9 (Q4a) and isotope Stage 7 (Q4b). The Q5 unit formed during isotope Stage 5. No reliable dates are available for units Q1–Q3. We infer that unit Q3 was formed during the extended sea-level highstand of isotope Stage 11 and that units Q2 and Q1 predate isotope Stage 11.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00052.1","usgsCitation":"Hickey, T.D., Hine, A.C., Shinn, E., Kruse, S.E., and Poore, R.Z., 2010, Pleistocene carbonate stratigraphy of South Florida: Evidence for high-frequency sea-level cyclicity: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 26, no. 4, p. 605-614, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00052.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"614","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 23.996289790628417\n ],\n [\n -79.65087890624999,\n 23.996289790628417\n ],\n [\n -79.65087890624999,\n 25.58208527870072\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 25.58208527870072\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 23.996289790628417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68628d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, Todd D.","contributorId":34255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, Albert C.","contributorId":87580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":6883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruse, Sarah E.","contributorId":47513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003925,"text":"70003925 - 2010 - Persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus defined by agro-ecological niche","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70003925","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus defined by agro-ecological niche","docAbstract":"The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has spread across Eurasia and into Africa. Its persistence in a number of countries continues to disrupt poultry production, impairs smallholder livelihoods, and raises the risk a genotype adapted to human-to-human transmission may emerge. While previous studies identified domestic duck reservoirs as a primary risk factor associated with HPAI H5N1 persistence in poultry in Southeast Asia, little is known of such factors in countries with different agro-ecological conditions, and no study has investigated the impact of such conditions on HPAI H5N1 epidemiology at the global scale. This study explores the patterns of HPAI H5N1 persistence worldwide, and for China, Indonesia, and India includes individual provinces that have reported HPAI H5N1 presence during the 2004–2008 period. Multivariate analysis of a set of 14 agricultural, environmental, climatic, and socio-economic factors demonstrates in quantitative terms that a combination of six variables discriminates the areas with human cases and persistence: agricultural population density, duck density, duck by chicken density, chicken density, the product of agricultural population density and chicken output/input ratio, and purchasing power per capita. The analysis identifies five agro-ecological clusters, or niches, representing varying degrees of disease persistence. The agro-ecological distances of all study areas to the medoid of the niche with the greatest number of human cases are used to map HPAI H5N1 risk globally. The results indicate that few countries remain where HPAI H5N1 would likely persist should it be introduced.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"EcoHealth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Hogerwerf, L., Wallace, R.G., Ottaviani, D., Slingenbergh, J., Prosser, D., Bergmann, L., and Gilbert, M., 2010, Persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus defined by agro-ecological niche: EcoHealth, v. 7, no. 2, p. 213-225.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94255,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/c00v0k4512203872","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogerwerf, Lenny","contributorId":70106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogerwerf","given":"Lenny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, Rob G.","contributorId":94031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ottaviani, Daniela","contributorId":105038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottaviani","given":"Daniela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slingenbergh, Jan","contributorId":83261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slingenbergh","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prosser, Diann","contributorId":18896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bergmann, Luc","contributorId":92418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergmann","given":"Luc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilbert, Marius","contributorId":61148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Marius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003519,"text":"70003519 - 2010 - Perspectives: Gene Expression in Fisheries Management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70003519","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1362,"text":"Current Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives: Gene Expression in Fisheries Management","docAbstract":"Functional genes and gene expression have been connected to physiological traits linked to effective production and broodstock selection in aquaculture, selective implications of commercial fish harvest, and adaptive changes reflected in non-commercial fish populations subject to human disturbance and climate change. Gene mapping using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify functional genes, gene expression (analogue microarrays and real-time PCR), and digital sequencing technologies looking at RNA transcripts present new concepts and opportunities in support of effective and sustainable fisheries. Genomic tools have been rapidly growing in aquaculture research addressing aspects of fish health, toxicology, and early development. Genomic technologies linking effects in functional genes involved in growth, maturation and life history development have been tied to selection resulting from harvest practices. Incorporating new and ever-increasing knowledge of fish genomes is opening a different perspective on local adaptation that will prove invaluable in wild fish conservation and management. Conservation of fish stocks is rapidly incorporating research on critical adaptive responses directed at the effects of human disturbance and climate change through gene expression studies. Genomic studies of fish populations can be generally grouped into three broad categories: 1) evolutionary genomics and biodiversity; 2) adaptive physiological responses to a changing environment; and 3) adaptive behavioral genomics and life history diversity. We review current genomic research in fisheries focusing on those that use microarrays to explore differences in gene expression among phenotypes and within or across populations, information that is critically important to the conservation of fish and their relationship to humans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"China Zoological Society","publisherLocation":"Beijing, China","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., and Pavey, S.A., 2010, Perspectives: Gene Expression in Fisheries Management: Current Zoology, v. 56, no. 1, p. 157-174.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94256,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.currentzoology.org/paperdetail.asp?id=11458","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64960f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavey, Scott A.","contributorId":31516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003524,"text":"70003524 - 2010 - Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-11T18:02:42.280467","indexId":"70003524","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"The Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments that underlie the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey contain the arsenic-rich mineral glauconite. Streambed sediments in two Inner Coastal Plain streams (Crosswicks and Raccoon Creeks) that traverse these glauconitic deposits are enriched in arsenic (15–25 mg/kg), and groundwater discharging to the streams contains elevated levels of arsenic (>80 μg/L at a site on Crosswicks Creek) with arsenite generally the dominant species. Low dissolved oxygen, low or undetectable levels of nitrate and sulfate, detectable sulfide concentrations, and high concentrations of iron and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the groundwater indicate that reducing environments are present beneath the streambeds and that microbial activity, fueled by the DOC, is involved in releasing arsenic and iron from the geologic materials. In groundwater with the highest arsenic concentrations at Crosswicks Creek, arsenic respiratory reductase gene (arrA) indicated the presence of arsenic-reducing microbes. From extracted DNA, 16s rRNA gene sequences indicate the microbial community may include arsenic-reducing bacteria that have not yet been described. Once in the stream, iron is oxidized and precipitates as hydroxide coatings on the sediments. Arsenite also is oxidized and co-precipitates with or is sorbed to the iron hydroxides. Consequently, dissolved arsenic concentrations are lower in streamwater than in the groundwater, but the arsenic contributed by groundwater becomes part of the arsenic load in the stream when sediments are suspended during high flow. A strong positive relation between concentrations of arsenic and DOC in the groundwater samples indicates that any process—natural or anthropogenic—that increases the organic carbon concentration in the groundwater could stimulate microbial activity and thus increase the amount of arsenic that is released from the geologic materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.047","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Mumford, A., Young, L.Y., Reilly, P.A., Bonin, J., and Rosman, R., 2010, Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA: Water Research, v. 44, no. 19, p. 5532-5544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.047.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5532","endPage":"5544","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Crosswicks Creek, Inner Coastal Plain, Raccoon Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -74.62188720703125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -74.62188720703125,\n 40.32351403031129\n ],\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 40.32351403031129\n ],\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 39.51887357127223\n ],\n [\n -75.01739501953125,\n 39.51887357127223\n ],\n [\n -75.01739501953125,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 39.51887357127223\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae97f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mumford, Adam","contributorId":76457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mumford","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Lily Y.","contributorId":19697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Lily","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosman, Robert 0000-0001-5042-1872 rrosman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-1872","contributorId":2846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"Robert","email":"rrosman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003637,"text":"70003637 - 2010 - The inverse niche model for food webs with parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70003637","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3592,"text":"Theoretical Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The inverse niche model for food webs with parasites","docAbstract":"Although parasites represent an important component of ecosystems, few field and theoretical studies have addressed the structure of parasites in food webs. We evaluate the structure of parasitic links in an extensive salt marsh food web, with a new model distinguishing parasitic links from non-parasitic links among free-living species. The proposed model is an extension of the niche model for food web structure, motivated by the potential role of size (and related metabolic rates) in structuring food webs. The proposed extension captures several properties observed in the data, including patterns of clustering and nestedness, better than does a random model. By relaxing specific assumptions, we demonstrate that two essential elements of the proposed model are the similarity of a parasite's hosts and the increasing degree of parasite specialization, along a one-dimensional niche axis. Thus, inverting one of the basic rules of the original model, the one determining consumers' generality appears critical. Our results support the role of size as one of the organizing principles underlying niche space and food web topology. They also strengthen the evidence for the non-random structure of parasitic links in food webs and open the door to addressing questions concerning the consequences and origins of this structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Warren, C.P., Pascual, M., Lafferty, K.D., and Kuris, A.M., 2010, The inverse niche model for food webs with parasites: Theoretical Ecology, v. 3, no. 4, p. 285-294.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94224,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/e525454v810qn123","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d3b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warren, Christopher P.","contributorId":81624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pascual, Mercedes","contributorId":81239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascual","given":"Mercedes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003445,"text":"70003445 - 2010 - Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate‐bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 2. Small‐strain mechanical properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-01T14:42:36.226131","indexId":"70003445","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate‐bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 2. Small‐strain mechanical properties","docAbstract":"The small‐strain mechanical properties (e.g., seismic velocities) of hydrate‐bearing sediments measured under laboratory conditions provide reference values for calibration of logging and seismic exploration results acquired in hydrate‐bearing formations. Instrumented cells were designed for measuring the compressional (P) and shear (S) velocities of sand, silts, and clay with and without hydrate and subject to vertical effective stresses of 0.01 to 2 MPa. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), which is fully miscible in water, was used as the hydrate former to permit close control over the hydrate saturation Shyd and to produce hydrate from dissolved phase, as methane hydrate forms in most natural marine settings. The results demonstrate that laboratory hydrate formation technique controls the pattern of P and S velocity changes with increasing Shyd and that the small‐strain properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments are governed by effective stress, σ′v and sediment specific surface. The S velocity increases with hydrate saturation owing to an increase in skeletal shear stiffness, particularly when hydrate saturation exceeds Shyd≈ 0.4. At very high hydrate saturations, the small strain shear stiffness is determined by the presence of hydrates and becomes insensitive to changes in effective stress. The P velocity increases with hydrate saturation due to the increases in both the shear modulus of the skeleton and the bulk modulus of pore‐filling phases during fluid‐to‐hydrate conversion. Small‐strain Poisson's ratio varies from 0.5 in soft sediments lacking hydrates to 0.25 in stiff sediments (i.e., subject to high vertical effective stress or having high Shyd). At Shyd ≥ 0.5, hydrate hinders expansion and the loss of sediment stiffness during reduction of vertical effective stress, meaning that hydrate‐rich natural sediments obtained through pressure coring should retain their in situ fabric for some time after core retrieval if the cores are maintained within the hydrate stability field.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006670","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Francisca, F., Santamarina, J., and Ruppel, C., 2010, Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate‐bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 2. Small‐strain mechanical properties: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, B11105, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006670.","productDescription":"B11105, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68931f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.Y.","contributorId":20061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Francisca, F.M.","contributorId":106253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francisca","given":"F.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santamarina, J.C.","contributorId":50283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003446,"text":"70003446 - 2010 - Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 1. Electromagnetic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-01T14:40:17.477806","indexId":"70003446","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 1. Electromagnetic properties","docAbstract":"The marked decrease in bulk electrical conductivity of sediments in the presence of gas hydrates has been used to interpret borehole electrical resistivity logs and, to a lesser extent, the results of controlled source electromagnetic surveys to constrain the spatial distribution and predicted concentration of gas hydrate in natural settings. Until now, an exhaustive laboratory data set that could be used to assess the impact of gas hydrate on the electromagnetic properties of different soils (sand, silt, and clay) at different effective stress and with different saturations of hydrate has been lacking. The laboratory results reported here are obtained using a standard geotechnical cell and the hydrate-formed tetrahydrofuran (THF), a liquid that is fully miscible in water and able to produce closely controlled saturations of hydrate from dissolved phase. Both permittivity and electrical conductivity are good indicators of the volume fraction of free water in the sediment, which is in turn dependent on hydrate saturation. Permittivity in the microwave frequency range is particularly predictive of free water content since it is barely affected by ionic concentration, pore structure, and surface conduction. Electrical conductivity (or resistivity) is less reliable for constraining water content or hydrate saturation: In addition to fluid-filled porosity, other factors, such as the ionic concentration of the pore fluid and possibly other conduction effects (e.g., surface conduction in high specific surface soils having low conductivity pore fluid), also influence electrical conductivity.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006669","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Santamarina, J., and Ruppel, C., 2010, Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 1. Electromagnetic properties: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, B11104, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006669.","productDescription":"B11104, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006669","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.Y.","contributorId":20061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santamarina, J.C.","contributorId":50283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003328,"text":"70003328 - 2010 - Patterns of organic contaminants in eggs of an insectivorous, an omnivorous, and a piscivorous bird nesting on the Hudson River, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T10:25:24","indexId":"70003328","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of organic contaminants in eggs of an insectivorous, an omnivorous, and a piscivorous bird nesting on the Hudson River, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon), spotted sandpiper (Actitus macularia), and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs were collected in 2004 from the upper Hudson River, New York, USA. This area is one of the most polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)‐contaminated locations in North America. Multivariate analyses indicated among species differences in the concentration and composition of PCB congeners, polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxin (PCDD), and dibenzofuran (PCDF, PCDD‐F when combined with PCDDs) congeners, and chlorinated pesticides. Total PCB concentrations followed the typical food chain biomagnification paradigm of higher concentrations in piscivorous bird eggs and lower concentrations in eggs of species that feed at lower trophic levels. Concentrations in the insectivorous swallows (geometric mean = 6.8 µg/g wet wt) were approximately half the concentrations present in the piscivorous kingfisher (11.7 µg/g) or omnivorous sandpiper (12.6 µg/g). In contrast, PCB toxic equivalents (TEQs) were higher in swallows (1,790 pg/g wet wt) than in either kingfishers (776 pg/g) or sandpipers (881 pg/g). This difference can be mainly attributed to higher PCB77 concentrations in swallows relative to the other two species. Also contrary to the accepted food‐chain paradigm, the sum of PCDD‐F concentrations and the sum of their TEQs were higher in swallows than in either sandpipers or kingfishers. Metabolic pathway differences in the respective food chains of the three species probably accounted for the differences observed in PCB TEQ, total PCDD‐F, and PCDD‐F TEQ concentrations among species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Socieity of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.276","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., and Dummer, P.M., 2010, Patterns of organic contaminants in eggs of an insectivorous, an omnivorous, and a piscivorous bird nesting on the Hudson River, New York, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 10, p. 2286-2296, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.276.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2286","endPage":"2296","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River","volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dummer, Paul M. 0000-0002-2055-9480 pdummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-9480","contributorId":3015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dummer","given":"Paul","email":"pdummer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004567,"text":"70004567 - 2010 - Pancam and Microscopic Imager observations of dust on the Spirit Rover: Cleaning events, spectral properties, and aggregates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T08:09:45","indexId":"70004567","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2686,"text":"Mars, The International Journal of Mars Science and Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pancam and Microscopic Imager observations of dust on the Spirit Rover: Cleaning events, spectral properties, and aggregates","docAbstract":"This work describes dust deposits on the Spirit Rover over 2000 sols through examination of Pancam and Microscopic Imager observations of specific locations on the rover body, including portions of the solar array, Pancam and Mini-TES calibration targets, and the magnets. This data set reveals the three \"cleaning events\" experienced by Spirit to date, the spectral properties of dust, and the tendency of dust particles to form aggregates 100 um and larger.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mars, The International Journal of Mars Science and Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mars Informatics Inc.","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","doi":"10.1555/mars.2010.0005","usgsCitation":"Vaughan, A.F., Johnson, J., Herkenhoff, K.E., Sullivan, R., Landis, G.A., Goetz, W., and Madsen, M., 2010, Pancam and Microscopic Imager observations of dust on the Spirit Rover: Cleaning events, spectral properties, and aggregates: Mars, The International Journal of Mars Science and Exploration, v. 5, p. 129-145, https://doi.org/10.1555/mars.2010.0005.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"145","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/129763","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaughan, Alicia F.","contributorId":53938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":71688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffrey R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, Robert","contributorId":70102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landis, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":42347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goetz, Walter","contributorId":74128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Madsen, Morten B.","contributorId":63523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"Morten B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70005463,"text":"70005463 - 2010 - Changes of freshwater-lens thickness in basaltic island aquifers overlain by thick coastal sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:31:31.370574","indexId":"70005463","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes of freshwater-lens thickness in basaltic island aquifers overlain by thick coastal sediments","docAbstract":"Freshwater-lens thickness and long-term changes in freshwater volume in coastal aquifers are commonly assessed through repeated measurement of salinity profiles from monitor wells that penetrate into underlying salt water. In Hawaii, the thickest measured freshwater lens is currently 262 m in dike-free, volcanic-rock aquifers that are overlain by thick coastal sediments. The midpoint depth (depth where salinity is 50% salt water) between freshwater and salt water can serve as an indicator for freshwater thickness. Most measured midpoints have risen over the past 40 years, indicating a shrinking lens. The mean rate of rise of the midpoint from 1999–2009 varied locally, with faster rates in highly developed areas (1.0 m/year) and slower rates in less developed areas (0.5 m/year). The thinning of the freshwater lenses is the result of long-term groundwater withdrawal and reduced recharge. Freshwater/salt-water interface locations predicted from measured water levels and the Ghyben-Herzberg principle may be deeper than measured midpoints during some periods and shallower during other periods, although depths may differ up to 100 m in some cases. Moreover, changes in the midpoint are slower than changes in water level. Thus, water levels may not be a reliable indicator of the amount of freshwater in a coastal aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0602-4","usgsCitation":"Rotzoll, K., Oki, D.S., and El-Kadi, A.I., 2010, Changes of freshwater-lens thickness in basaltic island aquifers overlain by thick coastal sediments: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 6, p. 1425-1436, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0602-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1436","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/5l464400tu175261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -158.16666666666666,21.25 ], [ -158.16666666666666,21.733333333333334 ], [ -157.66666666666666,21.733333333333334 ], [ -157.66666666666666,21.25 ], [ -158.16666666666666,21.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e67aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rotzoll, Kolja 0000-0002-5910-888X kolja@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-888X","contributorId":3325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotzoll","given":"Kolja","email":"kolja@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"El-Kadi, Aly I.","contributorId":41702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Kadi","given":"Aly","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003406,"text":"70003406 - 2010 - Optimal control of native predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T19:42:44.637606","indexId":"70003406","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal control of native predators","docAbstract":"We apply decision theory in a structured decision-making framework to evaluate how control of raccoons (Procyon lotor), a native predator, can promote the conservation of a declining population of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Our management objective was to maintain Oystercatcher productivity above a level deemed necessary for population recovery while minimizing raccoon removal. We evaluated several scenarios including no raccoon removal, and applied an adaptive optimization algorithm to account for parameter uncertainty. We show how adaptive optimization can be used to account for uncertainties about how raccoon control may affect Oystercatcher productivity. Adaptive management can reduce this type of uncertainty and is particularly well suited for addressing controversial management issues such as native predator control. The case study also offers several insights that may be relevant to the optimal control of other native predators. First, we found that stage-specific removal policies (e.g., yearling versus adult raccoon removals) were most efficient if the reproductive values among stage classes were very different. Second, we found that the optimal control of raccoons would result in higher Oystercatcher productivity than the minimum levels recommended for this species. Third, we found that removing more raccoons initially minimized the total number of removals necessary to meet long term management objectives. Finally, if for logistical reasons managers cannot sustain a removal program by removing a minimum number of raccoons annually, managers may run the risk of creating an ecological trap for Oystercatchers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.023","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., O’Connell, A.F., Kendall, W.L., Runge, M.C., Simons, T.R., Waldstein, A.H., Schulte, S.A., Converse, S., Smith, G.W., Pinion, T., Rikard, M., and Zipkin, E., 2010, Optimal control of native predators: Biological Conservation, v. 143, no. 7, p. 1751-1758, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.023.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1751","endPage":"1758","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Outer Banks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.83862304687499,\n 36.558187766360675\n ],\n [\n -75.9649658203125,\n 36.34167804918315\n ],\n [\n -75.8111572265625,\n 35.82672127366604\n ],\n [\n -76.475830078125,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 34.70097741472011\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 34.73709847578162\n ],\n [\n -75.5145263671875,\n 35.07046911981966\n ],\n [\n -75.3717041015625,\n 35.68853320738875\n ],\n [\n -75.83862304687499,\n 36.558187766360675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"143","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, Allan F. 0000-0001-7032-7023 aoconnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Allan","email":"aoconnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waldstein, Arielle H.","contributorId":39512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldstein","given":"Arielle","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schulte, Shiloh A.","contributorId":60765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"Shiloh","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J.","contributorId":85716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Graham W.","contributorId":63088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pinion, Timothy","contributorId":41580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinion","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rikard, Michael","contributorId":20886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rikard","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70003386,"text":"70003386 - 2010 - Occupancy dynamics in a tropical bird community: Unexpectedly high forest use by birds classified as non‐forest species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T13:22:57.47389","indexId":"70003386","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy dynamics in a tropical bird community: Unexpectedly high forest use by birds classified as non‐forest species","docAbstract":"1. Worldwide loss of biodiversity necessitates a clear understanding of the factors driving population declines as well as informed predictions about which species and populations are at greatest risk. The biggest threat to the long-term persistence of populations is the reduction and changes in configuration of their natural habitat. 2. Inconsistencies have been noted in the responses of populations to the combined effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. These have been widely attributed to the effects of the matrix habitats in which remnant focal habitats are typically embedded. 3. We quantified the potential effects of the inter-patch matrix by estimating occupancy and colonization of forest and surrounding non-forest matrix (NF). We estimated species-specific parameters using a dynamic, multi-species hierarchical model on a bird community in southwestern Costa Rica. 4. Overall, we found higher probabilities of occupancy and colonization of forest relative to the NF across bird species, including those previously categorized as open habitat generalists not needing forest to persist. Forest dependency was a poor predictor of occupancy dynamics in our study region, largely predicting occupancy and colonization of only non-forest habitats. 5. Our results indicate that the protection of remnant forest habitats is key for the long-term persistence of all members of the bird community in this fragmented landscape, including species typically associated with open, non-forest habitats. 6.Synthesis and applications. We identified 39 bird species of conservation concern defined by having high estimates of forest occupancy, and low estimates of occupancy and colonization of non-forest. These species survive in forest but are unlikely to venture out into open, non-forested habitats, therefore, they are vulnerable to the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Our hierarchical community-level model can be used to estimate species-specific occupancy dynamics for focal and inter-patch matrix habitats to identify which species within a community are likely to be impacted most by habitat loss and fragmentation. This model can be applied to other taxa (i.e. amphibians, mammals and insects) to estimate species and community occurrence dynamics in response to current environmental conditions and to make predictions in response to future changes in habitat configurations.","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01811.x","usgsCitation":"Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Zipkin, E., and Dhondt, A.A., 2010, Occupancy dynamics in a tropical bird community: Unexpectedly high forest use by birds classified as non‐forest species: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 47, no. 3, p. 621-630, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01811.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01811.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana","contributorId":89654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz-Gutierrez","given":"Viviana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dhondt, Andre A.","contributorId":93620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dhondt","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003418,"text":"70003418 - 2010 - Observed and predicted reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:32:14","indexId":"70003418","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observed and predicted reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate","docAbstract":"Chronic toxicities of Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3- to Ceriodaphnia dubia were evaluated in low- and moderate-hardness waters using a three-brood reproduction test method. Toxicity tests of anion mixtures were used to determine interaction effects and to produce models predicting C. dubia reproduction. Effluents diluted with low- and moderate-hardness waters were tested with animals acclimated to low- and moderate-hardness conditions to evaluate the models and to assess the effects of hardness and acclimation. Sulfate was significantly less toxic than Cl- and HCO3- in both types of water. Chloride and HCO3- toxicities were similar in low-hardness water, but HCO3- was the most toxic in moderate-hardness water. Low acute-to-chronic ratios indicate that toxicities of these anions will decrease quickly with dilution. Hardness significantly reduced Cl- and SO42- toxicity but had little effect on HCO3-. Chloride toxicity decreased with an increase in Na+ concentration, and CO3- toxicity may have been reduced by the dissolved organic carbon in effluent. Multivariate models using measured anion concentrations in effluents with low to moderate hardness levels provided fairly accurate predictions of reproduction. Determinations of toxicity for several effluents differed significantly depending on the hardness of the dilution water and the hardness of the water used to culture test animals. These results can be used to predict the contribution of elevated anion concentrations to the chronic toxicity of effluents; to identify effluents that are toxic due to contaminants other than Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3-; and to provide a basis for chemical substitutions in manufacturing processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/etc.29","usgsCitation":"Lasier, P.J., and Hardin, I.R., 2010, Observed and predicted reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 2, p. 347-358, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.29.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasier, Peter J. 0000-0002-8961-0061 plasier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-0061","contributorId":3457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"Peter","email":"plasier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardin, Ian R.","contributorId":14261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardin","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003744,"text":"70003744 - 2010 - North American osprey populations and contaminants: Historic and contemporary perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T15:43:20","indexId":"70003744","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2484,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North American osprey populations and contaminants: Historic and contemporary perspectives","docAbstract":"Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) populations were adversely affected by DDT and perhaps other contaminants in the United States and elsewhere. Reduced productivity, eggshell thinning, and high DDE concentrations in eggs were the signs associated with declining osprey populations in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. The species was one of the first studied on a large scale to bring contaminant issues into focus. Although few quantitative population data were available prior to the 1960s, many osprey populations in North America were studied during the 1960s and 1970s with much learned about basic life history and biology. This article reviews the historical and current effects of contaminants on regional osprey populations. Breeding populations in many regions of North America showed post-DDT-era (1972) population increases of varying magnitudes, with many populations now appearing to stabilize at much higher numbers than initially reported in the 1970s and 1980s. However, the magnitude of regional population increases in the United States between 1981 (first Nationwide Survey, ∼8,000 pairs), when some recovery had already occurred, 1994 (second survey, ∼14,200), and 2001 (third survey, ∼16,000–19,000), or any other years, is likely not a simple response to the release from earlier contaminant effects, but a response to multi-factorial effects. This indirect “contaminant effects” measurement comparing changes (i.e., recovery) in post-DDT-era population numbers over time is probably confounded by changing human attitudes toward birds of prey (shooting, destroying nests, etc.), changing habitats, changing fish populations, and perhaps competition from other species. The species' adaptation to newly created reservoirs and its increasing use of artificial nesting structures (power poles, nesting platforms, cell towers, channel markers, offshore duck blinds, etc.) are two important factors. The timing of the initial use of artificial nesting structures, which replaced declining numbers of suitable trees at many locations, varied regionally (much later in the western United States and Mexico). Because of the increasing use of artificial nesting structures, there may be more ospreys nesting in North America now than ever before. Now, with the impact of most legacy organic contaminants (DDT, other organochlorine [OC] pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCB], polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins [PCDD], polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF]) greatly reduced or eliminated, and some osprey populations showing evidence of stabilizing, the species was proposed as a Worldwide Sentinel Species for evaluating emerging contaminants. Several emerging contaminants are already being studied, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and perfluorinated acids and sulfonate compounds (PFC). The many advantages for continued contaminant investigations using the osprey include a good understanding of its biology and ecology, its known distribution and abundance, and its ability to habituate to humans and their activities, which permits nesting in some of the potentially most contaminated environments. It is a top predator in most ecosystems, and its nests are relatively easy to locate and study with little researcher impact on reproductive success.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2010.538658","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Grove, R.A., Kaiser, J.L., and Johnson, B., 2010, North American osprey populations and contaminants: Historic and contemporary perspectives: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews, v. 13, no. 7-8, p. 579-603, https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2010.538658.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"603","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"13","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649244","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, James L.","contributorId":57033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Branden L. branden_johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Branden L.","email":"branden_johnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003575,"text":"70003575 - 2010 - Nutrient fluxes at the landscape level and the R* rule","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-13T16:31:47.741368","indexId":"70003575","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nutrient fluxes at the landscape level and the R* rule","title":"Nutrient fluxes at the landscape level and the R* rule","docAbstract":"Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems involves not only the vertical recycling of nutrients at specific locations in space, but also biologically driven horizontal fluxes between different areas of the landscape. This latter process can result in net accumulation of nutrients in some places and net losses in others. We examined the effects of such nutrient-concentrating fluxes on the R* rule, which predicts that the species that can survive in steady state at the lowest level of limiting resource, R*, can exclude all competing species. To study the R* rule in this context, we used a literature model of plant growth and nutrient cycling in which both nutrients and light may limit growth, with plants allocating carbon and nutrients between foliage and roots according to different strategies. We incorporated the assumption that biological processes may concentrate nutrients in some parts of the landscape. We assumed further that these processes draw nutrients from outside the zone of local recycling at a rate proportional to the local biomass density. Analysis showed that at sites where there is a sufficient biomass-dependent accumulation of nutrients, the plant species with the highest biomass production rates (roughly corresponding to the best competitors) do not reduce locally available nutrients to a minimum concentration level (that is, minimum R*), as expected from the R* rule, but instead maximize local nutrient concentration. These new results require broadening of our understanding of the relationships between nutrients and vegetation competition on the landscape level. The R* rule is replaced by a more complex criterion that varies across a landscape and reduces to the R* rule only under certain limiting conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.003","usgsCitation":"Ju, S., and DeAngelis, D., 2010, Nutrient fluxes at the landscape level and the R* rule: Ecological Modelling, v. 221, no. 2, p. 141-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.003.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ju, Shu","contributorId":105844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ju","given":"Shu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":138934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003764,"text":"70003764 - 2010 - Non-native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70003764","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"Aim The introduction of non-native species into aquatic environments has been linked with local extinctions and altered distributions of native species. We investigated the effect of non-native salmonids on the occupancy of two native amphibians, the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris), across three spatial scales: water bodies, small catchments and large catchments. Location Mountain lakes at ≥ 1500 m elevation were surveyed across the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Methods We surveyed 2267 water bodies for amphibian occupancy (based on evidence of reproduction) and fish presence between 1986 and 2002 and modelled the probability of amphibian occupancy at each spatial scale in relation to habitat availability and quality and fish presence. Results After accounting for habitat features, we estimated that A. macrodactylum was 2.3 times more likely to breed in fishless water bodies than in water bodies with fish. Ambystoma macrodactylum also was more likely to occupy small catchments where none of the water bodies contained fish than in catchments where at least one water body contained fish. However, the probability of salamander occupancy in small catchments was also influenced by habitat availability (i.e. the number of water bodies within a catchment) and suitability of remaining fishless water bodies. We found no relationship between fish presence and salamander occupancy at the large-catchment scale, probably because of increased habitat availability. In contrast to A. macrodactylum, we found no relationship between fish presence and R. luteiventris occupancy at any scale. Main conclusions Our results suggest that the negative effects of non-native salmonids can extend beyond the boundaries of individual water bodies and increase A. macrodactylum extinction risk at landscape scales. We suspect that niche overlap between non-native fish and A. macrodactylum at higher elevations in the northern Rocky Mountains may lead to extinction in catchments with limited suitable habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D., Hossack, B.R., Bahls, P.F., Bull, E.L., Corn, P., Hokit, G., Maxell, B.A., Munger, J.C., and Wyrick, A., 2010, Non-native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales: Diversity and Distributions, v. 16, no. 6, p. 959-974.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"974","temporalStart":"1986-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":485,"text":"Northwest Watershed Institute","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92208,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00699.x/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Rocky Mountains","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69712b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilliod, David S.","contributorId":101760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bahls, Peter F.","contributorId":74500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahls","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bull, Evelyn L.","contributorId":31104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"Evelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hokit, Grant","contributorId":80402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hokit","given":"Grant","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maxell, Bryce A.","contributorId":100113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxell","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Munger, James C.","contributorId":29377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wyrick, Aimee","contributorId":102997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyrick","given":"Aimee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70003804,"text":"70003804 - 2010 - Nocturnal and diurnal activity of armored suckermouth catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) associated with wintering Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T22:18:31.418436","indexId":"70003804","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2852,"text":"Neotropical Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nocturnal and diurnal activity of armored suckermouth catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) associated with wintering Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","docAbstract":"Several Pterygoplichthys species, members of the Neotropical catfish family Loricariidae, have been widely introduced outside their native ranges. In this paper, I present observations on the diel activity pattern of non-native Pterygoplichthys, tentatively identified as P. disjunctivus, with respect to their attachment and grazing on endangered Florida manatees, Trichechus manatus latirostris. The study was conducted in December 2009 at Volusia Blue Spring, an artesianal spring system in the St. Johns River basin, Florida (USA). Supplemented by information gathered during previous visits to the spring site, this study revealed that adult Pterygoplichthys are active throughout the diel period (day, twilight and night). However, juvenile Pterygoplichthys were largely nocturnal and only at night did they consistently join adults in attaching to manatees. The juveniles generally remain hidden during the day, probably responding to presence of diurnal predators, mainly birds. Differences in diel behaviors among different Pterygoplichthys size classes in Florida are consistent with published observations on loricariids inhabiting clearwater streams within their native ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia","doi":"10.1590/S1679-62252010005000014","usgsCitation":"Nico, L.G., 2010, Nocturnal and diurnal activity of armored suckermouth catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) associated with wintering Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Neotropical Ichthyology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 893-898, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252010005000014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"893","endPage":"898","temporalStart":"2009-12-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252010005000014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382894,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 30.72294882477251\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -82.15576171875,\n 30.581179257386985\n ],\n [\n -82.694091796875,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 29.44916482692468\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 28.294707428421205\n ],\n [\n -81.419677734375,\n 27.176469131898898\n ],\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 27.518015241965667\n ],\n [\n -80.408935546875,\n 27.67379895781762\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 28.9120147012556\n ],\n [\n -81.54052734375,\n 30.72294882477251\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69716c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, Leo G. 0000-0002-4488-7737 lnico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":2913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Leo","email":"lnico@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005363,"text":"70005363 - 2010 - Active Metal and Industrial Mineral Underground Mines in the United States in 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:51","indexId":"70005363","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":369,"text":"Mineral Industry Surveys","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Active Metal and Industrial Mineral Underground Mines in the United States in 2008","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70005363","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2010, Active Metal and Industrial Mineral Underground Mines in the United States in 2008: Mineral Industry Surveys, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70005363.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":92204,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/m&q/dir-2008-ugmin.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":204309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f45"} ,{"id":70003563,"text":"70003563 - 2010 - New trends in species distribution modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T13:54:15","indexId":"70003563","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New trends in species distribution modelling","docAbstract":"Species distribution modelling has its origin in the late 1970s when computing capacity was limited. Early work in the field concentrated mostly on the development of methods to model effectively the shape of a species' response to environmental gradients (Austin 1987, Austin et al. 1990). The methodology and its framework were summarized in reviews 10–15 yr ago (Franklin 1995, Guisan and Zimmermann 2000), and these syntheses are still widely used as reference landmarks in the current distribution modelling literature. However, enormous advancements have occurred over the last decade, with hundreds – if not thousands – of publications on species distribution model (SDM) methodologies and their application to a broad set of conservation, ecological and evolutionary questions. With this special issue, originating from the third of a set of specialized SDM workshops (2008 Riederalp) entitled 'The Utility of Species Distribution Models as Tools for Conservation Ecology', we reflect on current trends and the progress achieved over the last decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06953.x","usgsCitation":"Zimmermann, N.E., Edwards, T.C., Graham, C.H., Pearman, P.B., and Svenning, J., 2010, New trends in species distribution modelling: Ecography, v. 33, no. 6, p. 985-989, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06953.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"985","endPage":"989","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026012","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3436897","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"33","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmermann, Niklaus E.","contributorId":68446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Niklaus","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":2061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Catherine H.","contributorId":36275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearman, Peter B.","contributorId":103783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Svenning, Jens-Christian","contributorId":34642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svenning","given":"Jens-Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005324,"text":"sir20105211 - 2010 - Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: A guide to using PEST for model-parameter and predictive-uncertainty analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20105211","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5211","title":"Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: A guide to using PEST for model-parameter and predictive-uncertainty analysis","docAbstract":"Analysis of the uncertainty associated with parameters used by a numerical model, and with predictions that depend on those parameters, is fundamental to the use of modeling in support of decisionmaking. Unfortunately, predictive uncertainty analysis with regard to models can be very computationally demanding, due in part to complex constraints on parameters that arise from expert knowledge of system properties on the one hand (knowledge constraints) and from the necessity for the model parameters to assume values that allow the model to reproduce historical system behavior on the other hand (calibration constraints). Enforcement of knowledge and calibration constraints on parameters used by a model does not eliminate the uncertainty in those parameters. In fact, in many cases, enforcement of calibration constraints simply reduces the uncertainties associated with a number of broad-scale combinations of model parameters that collectively describe spatially averaged system properties. The uncertainties associated with other combinations of parameters, especially those that pertain to small-scale parameter heterogeneity, may not be reduced through the calibration process. To the extent that a prediction depends on system-property detail, its postcalibration variability may be reduced very little, if at all, by applying calibration constraints; knowledge constraints remain the only limits on the variability of predictions that depend on such detail. Regrettably, in many common modeling applications, these constraints are weak. Though the PEST software suite was initially developed as a tool for model calibration, recent developments have focused on the evaluation of model-parameter and predictive uncertainty. As a complement to functionality that it provides for highly parameterized inversion (calibration) by means of formal mathematical regularization techniques, the PEST suite provides utilities for linear and nonlinear error-variance and uncertainty analysis in these highly parameterized modeling contexts. Availability of these utilities is particularly important because, in many cases, a significant proportion of the uncertainty associated with model parameters-and the predictions that depend on them-arises from differences between the complex properties of the real world and the simplified representation of those properties that is expressed by the calibrated model. This report is intended to guide intermediate to advanced modelers in the use of capabilities available with the PEST suite of programs for evaluating model predictive error and uncertainty. A brief theoretical background is presented on sources of parameter and predictive uncertainty and on the means for evaluating this uncertainty. Applications of PEST tools are then discussed for overdetermined and underdetermined problems, both linear and nonlinear. PEST tools for calculating contributions to model predictive uncertainty, as well as optimization of data acquisition for reducing parameter and predictive uncertainty, are presented. 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