{"pageNumber":"1862","pageRowStart":"46525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68927,"records":[{"id":70175871,"text":"70175871 - 1989 - Model B sediment concentration gage: Factors influencing its readings and a formula for correcting its errors in measurement and analysis of sediment load in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:47:11","indexId":"70175871","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-29T14:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":66,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"JJ","title":"Model B sediment concentration gage: Factors influencing its readings and a formula for correcting its errors in measurement and analysis of sediment load in streams","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., 1989, Model B sediment concentration gage: Factors influencing its readings and a formula for correcting its errors in measurement and analysis of sediment load in streams: Report JJ, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82ddde4b03fd6b7da391a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016033,"text":"70016033 - 1989 - Dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations in rapidly shearing granular materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T15:45:33.263098","indexId":"70016033","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations in rapidly shearing granular materials","docAbstract":"

Results from two types of experiments show that intergranular pore pressures fluctuated dynamically during rapid, steady shear deformation of water-saturated granular materials. During some fluctuations, the pore water locally supported all normal and shear stresses, while grain-contact stresses transiently fell to zero. Fluctuations also propagated outward from the shear zone; this process modifies grain-contact stresses in adjacent areas and potentially instigates shear-zone growth.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.246.4931.796","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and LaHusen, R.G., 1989, Dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations in rapidly shearing granular materials: Science, v. 246, no. 4931, p. 796-799, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4931.796.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"796","endPage":"799","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222885,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"246","issue":"4931","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0428e4b0c8380cd5080b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaHusen, Richard G.","contributorId":60205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006545,"text":"70006545 - 1989 - The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771), in North America: impact on raw water users","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T10:22:10","indexId":"70006545","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-06T10:19:24","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771), in North America: impact on raw water users","docAbstract":"

The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), is a small mollusc native to the Black, Caspian, and Azov Seas that was discovered in Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America in 1988. Its presence there raises immediate concerns for users of raw water because it can become abundant enough to obstruct the flow of water through pipes, hoses, screens, and condensers. Biofouling attributed to this mussel was observed at several power plants, water treatment plants, and food processing and industrial facilities along Lake Erie in 1989. Estimated densities at one power plant intake canal were as high as 700,000 per m2. In addition, large numbers were found in main steam condensors and in the service water system, threatening the water supply for cooling, fire protection, and dust suppression systems. Municipal water intakes along the Canadian and United States shorelines have also been impaired. In one southeast Michigan city, drinking water withdrawal from Lake Erie was reduced 45% by the mussel. Routine checks of raw water supplies for free-floating zebra mussel veligers are reommended to determine if reproducing adult populations are present in local water bodies. After an early alert, raw water intakes could be protected to alleviate damage from the biofouling zebra mussel.

","largerWorkTitle":"Service water system problems affecting safety-related equipment","language":"English","publisher":"Electronic Power Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Palo Alto, CA","usgsCitation":"Griffiths, R.W., Kovalak, W.P., and Schloesser, D.W., 1989, The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771), in North America: impact on raw water users, p. 11-26.","productDescription":"p. 11-26","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.4797,41.397 ], [ -83.4797,42.907 ], [ -78.8539,42.907 ], [ -78.8539,41.397 ], [ -83.4797,41.397 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d874e4b07c5f79a7f36c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffiths, Ronald W.","contributorId":11994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovalak, William P.","contributorId":77479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovalak","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170443,"text":"70170443 - 1989 - Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T12:13:22","indexId":"70170443","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T15:15:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics were determined for a wetland being used for tertiary treatment of wastewater in St. Joseph, Minnesota. The wetland consists of spruce-tamarack fen and a cattail marsh, with the wastewater being discharged into the fen, and the fen draining into the marsh. The wetland is underlain by flat-lying glacial outwash that ranges from 0 to greater than 20 m in thickness. Horizontal ground-water movement in the outwash aquifer is toward the wetland from the south, east, and west. There is a strong upward vertical hydraulic gradient (about 0.1) in the ground-water flow system beneath and around the wetland. Regionally, the glacial-outwash aquifer is unconfined, but it is confined or partly confined locally by peat deposits under the wetland. Analysis of the hydrologic balance of the fen from October 1985 through September 1986 indicates that the inflow was 44 percent ground water, 38 percent wastewater, 11 percent runoff (storm sewer), and 7 percent precipitation. The fen outflow was 93 percent surface water and 7 percent evapotranspiration. Inflow to the marsh was 74 percent surface water, 21 percent ground water, and 5 percent precipitation. Outflow from the marsh was 94 percent surface water and 6 percent evapotranspiration. Wastewater contributed 74,996, and 81 percent of the total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen in the fen, respectively. Other chemical inputs were from the storm sewer, ground water, and atmospheric deposition. The fen was found to retain 34, 14, and 14 percent of the suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, respectively. The marsh retained 44, 18, and 22 percent of these three constituents, respectively.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/BF03160744","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., and Stark, J.R., 1989, Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota: Wetlands, v. 9, no. 2, p. 191-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160744.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"206","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Joseph","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.36946868896484,\n 45.51909783811403\n ],\n [\n -94.36946868896484,\n 45.600347177025895\n ],\n [\n -94.24278259277344,\n 45.600347177025895\n ],\n [\n -94.24278259277344,\n 45.51909783811403\n ],\n [\n -94.36946868896484,\n 45.51909783811403\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a843e4b0ef3b7caba59c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Rob G.","contributorId":68888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, James R. stark@usgs.gov","contributorId":289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"James","email":"stark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":627223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202812,"text":"70202812 - 1989 - Trends in wintering canvasback populations at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T08:40:21","indexId":"70202812","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T08:34:20","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trends in wintering canvasback populations at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana","docAbstract":"

Aerial survey data (1968-1989) and water gauge readings (1958-1989) were examined to detennine trends in and relationships between canvasback (Aythya valisineria) populations and water levels at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana. Wintering canvasback populations at Catahoula Lake have increased over the past 21 years. A peak population estimate of 78,000 canvasbacks was recorded in January 1988. There was a significant relationship between increases in wintering canvasback numbers and increased November water levels. No significant changes in December or January water levels nor relationships between wintering canvasback numbers and December or January water levels could be detected. In recent years, Catahou1a Lake has become one of the most important canvasback wintering areas in North America. We conclude that the increased availability of open water feeding habitat has been a major factor in the increased usage of Catahoula Lake by canvasbacks.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"43rd Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","conferenceDate":"October 29-November 1, 1989","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, Missouri","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Woolington, D.W., and Emfinger, J.W., 1989, Trends in wintering canvasback populations at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana, in Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 43, St. Louis, Missouri, October 29-November 1, 1989, p. 396-403.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"403","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/proceedings/?id=28030"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Catahoula Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.1697998046875,\n 31.42749129448044\n ],\n [\n -92.04277038574219,\n 31.502458420817206\n ],\n [\n -91.99607849121094,\n 31.552793227677334\n ],\n [\n -91.99745178222656,\n 31.613626970322684\n ],\n [\n -92.06748962402344,\n 31.610703179979982\n ],\n [\n -92.12448120117188,\n 31.577950455417472\n ],\n [\n -92.17666625976562,\n 31.52411741833466\n ],\n [\n -92.22198486328125,\n 31.48313670206181\n ],\n [\n -92.23915100097656,\n 31.454439514853256\n ],\n [\n -92.22335815429688,\n 31.433350262414404\n ],\n [\n -92.19863891601562,\n 31.42749129448044\n ],\n [\n -92.1697998046875,\n 31.42749129448044\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolington, Dennis W.","contributorId":27518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolington","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emfinger, James W.","contributorId":214532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emfinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016064,"text":"70016064 - 1989 - Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T16:39:48.961322","indexId":"70016064","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability","docAbstract":"
The abundance of planktonic specimens in foraminiferal assemblages was determined in numerous bottom samples from inner neritic to deep oceanic depths along the Atlantic margin of the northeastern United States. The results augment previous studies in other areas that have shown a general increase in percentage of planktonic specimens in total foraminiferal bottom assemblages as water depth increases. The patterns found in this area of complex shelf bathymetry and hydrography illustrate the influence on the planktonic-benthonic percentages of water depth, distance from shore, different water mass properties and downslope movement of tests in high energy areas.

The patterns found in the 661 samples from the Atlantic margin were compared with results from 795 stations in the Gulf of Mexico, Pacific Ocean and Red Sea. The relative abundance of planktonic specimens and water depth correlates positively in all open oceanic areas even though taxonomic composition and diversity of the faunas from different areas is variable. The variation of planktonic percentages in bottom samples within most depth intervals is large so that a precise depth determination cannot be made for any given value. However, an approximate upper depth limit for given percentages can be estimated for open ocean environments.

A decrease in planktonic percentages is seen in the lower salinity and higher turbidity coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine. Planktonic percentages intermediate between the lower values in the less saline coastal waters and the higher values in the normal open oceanic conditions occur in the transitional area between the Gulf of Maine and the open marine Atlantic Ocean to the east. Similarly lowered values in another area of restricted oceanic circulation occur in the high salinity, clear, but nutrient-poor waters of the Gulf of Aqaba off the Red Sea.

A comparison of the similarity of modern planktonic percentage values to those found in earlier Tertiary assemblages was made to confirm the usefulness of this measure in the fossil record. In some stratigraphic sections in upper Paleocene and lower Eocene strata of the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain, water depths inferred from trends and values of planktonic percentages consistently match paleobathymetry constructed from physical stratigraphic characteristics and paleogeographic relationships.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(89)90003-0","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., 1989, Planktonic benthonic foraminiferal ratios: Modern patterns and Tertiary applicability: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 15, no. 1-2, p. 29-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(89)90003-0.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7bc9e4b0c8380cd79613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013841,"text":"1013841 - 1989 - Studies of contaminant and water quality effects on striped bass prolarvae and yearlings in the Potomac River and upper Chesapeake Bay in 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-07T15:33:14.680647","indexId":"1013841","displayToPublicDate":"1989-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies of contaminant and water quality effects on striped bass prolarvae and yearlings in the Potomac River and upper Chesapeake Bay in 1988","docAbstract":"

Simultaneous on‐site and in situ studies of survival of prolarval and yearling striped bass Morone saxatilis were conducted in the Potomac River during the 1988 spawning season. Various water quality and contaminant conditions were monitored during these experiments. In situ experiments on yearlings and monitoring of water quality and contaminants were also conducted in the Susquehanna, Elk, and Sassafras rivers of the upper Chesapeake Bay. Survival of striped bass prolarvae ranged from 1 to 20% in the Potomac River during three concurrent 96‐h on‐site and in situ experiments; survival of control fish was 78% or greater. Survival of striped bass yearlings was 15% or less during 28‐d in situ tests at two Potomac River field locations; survival of control fish was 100%. Mortality of prolarvae in the Potomac River was likely caused by a combination of cadmium, lead, chlordane, and sudden drops in temperature. Mortality of yearlings was possibly caused by a combination of cadmium, lead, zinc, chlordane, and ammonia. Survivals of striped bass yearlings tested in 28‐d tests in the Susquehanna, Elk, and Sassafras rivers were 57, 100, and 100%, respectively; survival of control fish was 100%. Mortality of striped bass in the Susquehanna River may have been partly caused by copper and lead concentrations; however, other nonidentified factors were likely more important. Water quality problems were not detected in the Elk or Sassafras rivers.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0619:SOCAWQ>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hall, L.W., Ziegenfuss, M., Bushong, S.J., Unger, M., and Herman, R.L., 1989, Studies of contaminant and water quality effects on striped bass prolarvae and yearlings in the Potomac River and upper Chesapeake Bay in 1988: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 6, p. 619-629, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0619:SOCAWQ>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"629","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.52754348115879,\n 38.953001309335974\n ],\n [\n -76.52754348115879,\n 37.744736948758785\n ],\n [\n -75.69828148743886,\n 37.744736948758785\n ],\n [\n -75.69828148743886,\n 38.953001309335974\n ],\n [\n -76.52754348115879,\n 38.953001309335974\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, L. W. Jr.","contributorId":6010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ziegenfuss, M.C.","contributorId":57797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegenfuss","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bushong, S. J.","contributorId":71927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bushong","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Unger, M.A.","contributorId":97047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168842,"text":"70168842 - 1989 - Water resources of northeast Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T15:37:51","indexId":"70168842","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"8","subseriesTitle":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources Water Atlas","title":"Water resources of northeast Iowa","docAbstract":"

In 1965 a cooperative investigation with the U.S. Geological Survey produced Water Atlas No. 1 (Twenter and Coble, 1965).  It presented information on the occurrence, availability, use, quality, and future demand of water in 10 counties in the central part of the state.  Subsequent investigations produced Water Atlases No. 4 (Coble and Roberts, 1971) for southeast Iowa, No. 5 (Cagle and Heinitz, 1978) for south-central Iowa, No. 6 (Wahl et al., 1978) for east-central Iowa, and No. 7 (Buchmiller et al., 1985) for north-central Iowa.  The present study, Water Atlas No. 8 (1989), describes the surface-water and groundwater resources of 11 counties in extreme northeast Iowa.  With the publication of this report, water atlases are now available for the eastern two-thirds of the state.

","language":"English","publisher":"Iowa Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Horick, P.J., and Soenksen, P.J., 1989, Water resources of northeast Iowa, xi, 133 p.","productDescription":"xi, 133 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://s-iihr34.iihr.uiowa.edu/publications/uploads/WA-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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P. J.","contributorId":167109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horick","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soenksen, P. J.","contributorId":71575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soenksen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186956,"text":"70186956 - 1989 - Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T16:24:42","indexId":"70186956","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods","docAbstract":"

Historical eruptions have produced lahars and floods by perturbing snow and ice at more than 40 volcanoes worldwide. Most of these volcanoes are located at latitudes higher than 35°; those at lower latitudes reach altitudes generally above 4000 m. Volcanic events can perturb mantles of snow and ice in at least five ways: (1) scouring and melting by flowing pyroclastic debris or blasts of hot gases and pyroclastic debris, (2) surficial melting by lava flows, (3) basal melting of glacial ice or snow by subglacial eruptions or geothermal activity, (4) ejection of water by eruptions through a crater lake, and (5) deposition of tephra fall. Historical records of volcanic eruptions at snow-clad volcanoes show the following: (1) Flowing pyroclastic debris (pyroclastic flows and surges) and blasts of hot gases and pyroclastic debris are the most common volcanic events that generate lahars and floods; (2) Surficial lava flows generally cannot melt snow and ice rapidly enough to form large lahars or floods; (3) Heating the base of a glacier or snowpack by subglacial eruptions or by geothermal activity can induce basal melting that may result in ponding of water and lead to sudden outpourings of water or sediment-rich debris flows; (4) Tephra falls usually alter ablation rates of snow and ice but generally produce little meltwater that results in the formation of lahars and floods; (5) Lahars and floods generated by flowing pyroclastic debris, blasts of hot gases and pyroclastic debris, or basal melting of snow and ice commonly have volumes that exceed 105 m3.

The glowing lava (pyroclastic flow) which flowed with force over ravines and ridges...gathered in the basin quickly and then forced downwards. As a result, tremendously wide and deep pathways in the ice and snow were made and produced great streams of water (Wolf 1878).

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00641384","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., and Newhall, C.G., 1989, Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00641384.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cee4b08144348b7e9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhall, Christopher G.","contributorId":25557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185886,"text":"70185886 - 1989 - Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T11:13:46","indexId":"70185886","displayToPublicDate":"1989-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"

Measured stream discharge plus calculated ground water discharge (total measured runoff) were compared with runoff calculated by the unit-runoff method for the two largest watersheds of Mirror Lake for 1981–1983. Runoff calculated by the unit-runoff method, using Hubbard Brook watershed 3 as the index watershed, was greater than the total measured runoff into Mirror Lake during periods of high flow and slightly less than the total measured runoff into Mirror Lake during periods of low flow. Annual calculated unit runoff was 17 to 37 percent greater than total measured runoff. Differences in monthly runoff are far greater, ranging from 0 to greater than 100 percent. For high flows the calculated unit runoff is about 2 times greater than total measured runoff. For low flows the northwest basin of Mirror Lake has the greatest ground water contribution compared to the other two basins. In contrast, Hubbard Brook watershed 3 has the least ground water contribution.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05413.x","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Eaton, J., and Likens, G., 1989, Evaluation of inflow to Mirror Lake, New Hampshire: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 25, no. 5, p. 991-1008, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05413.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1008","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.2822151184082,\n 43.608736628843445\n ],\n [\n -71.25097274780272,\n 43.608736628843445\n ],\n [\n -71.25097274780272,\n 43.63545396386518\n ],\n [\n -71.2822151184082,\n 43.63545396386518\n ],\n [\n -71.2822151184082,\n 43.608736628843445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc820e4b02ff32c685742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, J.S.","contributorId":190048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eaton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70122966,"text":"70122966 - 1989 - Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T14:59:09","indexId":"70122966","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T14:55:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(20)","title":"Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary","docAbstract":"

Riparian ecosystems generally compose a minor proportion of surrounding\nareas, but typically are more structurally diverse and more productive in plant\nand animal biomass than adjacent upland areas. Riparian areas supply food,\ncover, and water (especially important in the arid West) for a large diversity\nof animals, and serve as migration routes and forest connectors between habitats\nfor a variety of wildlife, particularly ungulates and birds.

\n
\n

Because riparian ecosystems often are relatively small areas and occur in\nconjunction with waterways, they are vulnerable to severe alteration. Riparian\necosystems throughout the U.S. have been heavily impacted by man's activities.\nRiparian ecosystem creation and restoration have been used as mitigation for\nproject impacts from highway, bridge, and pipeline construction; water\ndevelopment; flood control channel modifications; industrial and residential\ndevelopment; agriculture; irrigation; livestock grazing; mining; and accidental\nhabitat loss.

\n
\n

Creation of a riparian ecosystem in| a more mesic upland area (e.g.,\n‘grassland or cropland) adjacent to a river requires appropriate water supply and\ngrading the topography to suitable elevations to support plantings of riparian\nvegetation. Restoration involves returning the ecosystem to pre disturbance\nconditions and typically implies revegetation. Removing exotic vegetation or\nrestoring water supplies to pre disturbance level also may be involved.\nEnhancement of riparian ecosystems commonly refers to improving existing\nconditions to increase habitat value, usually by increasing plant or community\ndiversity to increase value for wildlife. Managing a riparian ecosystem\ntypically involves enhancement techniques. However, creation and restoration\nprojects often involve use of techniques considered more management-oriented\n(e.g., fencing to prevent cattle grazing until planted vegetation of a created\nor restored wetland is established).

\n
\n

Protection of an existing riparian ecosystem from impact should be of\nutmost importance during planning and construction phases of development\nprojects. If loss or damage is unavoidable, wetland creation or restoration\ncan be used as mitigation. Compared to other wetland types (e.g., coastal\nwetlands), projects and techniques involving creation or restoration of riparian\necosystems are not well documented. For example, only 8% of the records in the\nWCR Data Base contained information on riparian ecosystems, whereas 31% of the\nrecords contained information on coastal emergent or forested ecosystems. To\nprovide a source of currently available literature, riparian information from\n92 records (primarily published papers or reports) in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife\nService's (FWS) Wetland Creation-Restoration (WCR) Data Base (Schneller-McDonald\net al. 1988) was used to develop a literature summary of creation and restoration\nof riparian ecosystems.

\n
\n

The summary provides an overview of the status of riparian ecosystems in\nthe U.S., a discussion of several riparian functions, and a review of some\ntechniques used for planning, implementing, monitoring, and measuring project\nsuccess of creation-restoration efforts. Case studies of various creation or\nrestoration projects are used to demonstrate these techniques and to report some\nresults of their use. Several well-documented case studies are discussed in\ndetail to illustrate more extensive efforts to plan, implement, or monitor\nriparian ecosystem creation-restoration projects.

\n
\n

For the purpose of this report, riparian ecosystems are defined as\nlandscapes adjacent to drainageways of floodplains that exhibit vegetation, soil,\nand hydrologic mosaics along topographic and moisture gradients that are distinct\nfrom the predominant landscape surface types. Major plant communities are\ndescribed under palustrine system in Cowardin et al. (1979).

\n
\n

Literature from the WCR Data Base was used to provide a summary of riparian\necosystem creation-restoration literature. Thus, information concerning natural\nsystems is not included unless discussed in these articles. This focus allows\nthe reader to compare relative information available on riparian ecosystem\ncreation-restoration efforts. However, this focus also results in limited\ninformation in some sections of the report (e.g., Status of Riparian Ecosystems\nin the U.S.).

\n
\n

Individuals involved in riparian ecosystem creation-restoration efforts\nare encouraged to thoroughly examine available literature on natural and altered\nsystems. Brinson et al. (1981) provide a comprehensive review and synthesis of\nthe ecology and status of riparian ecosystems. Over 500 articles are cited in\ntheir 124-page report. Chapters include the following topics: status of\nriparian ecosystems in the U.S., ecological functions and properties of riparian\necosystems (e.g., geomorphology, primary productivity, nutrient cycling,\nhydrology), importance of riparian ecosystems to fish and wildlife, and\nconsiderations in valuation (ecologic and economic) of riparian ecosystems.\nBrinson et al. (1981) also discuss management of riparian ecosystems. Riparian\necosystem management literature was not included in the WCR Data Base, unless\nthe article also discussed creation or restoration.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Research and Development","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Manci, K.M., 1989, Riparian ecosystem creation and restoration: a literature summary, vi, 59 p.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"540193cfe4b0ae951d96063f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manci, Karen M.","contributorId":8389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manci","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123411,"text":"70123411 - 1989 - Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T12:50:37","indexId":"70123411","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T12:39:28","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(21)","title":"Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study","docAbstract":"

The primary objective of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 1251) is to restore and maintain the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. Section 404 of the Act regulates the discharge of dredged or fill materials into wetlands and represents the primary Federal authority for regulation of wetland alterations. Since its inception, the Section 404 program has been controversial in regard to the extent to which it was intended to provide wetlands regulation.

\n
\n

Section 404 requires those who wish to discharge dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, which include many wetlands, to first obtain a Federal permit. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has overall responsibility for administration of the Section 404 program and promulgates guidelines that must be followed in issuing permits. In addition, EPA has the final authority to prohibit specific discharges if the environmental impacts are unacceptable. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) issues Section 404 permits, which can be of two types. Individual Permits are issued following case-by-case reviews of proposed discharges. General Permits, which can be either nationwide or regional in scope, are authorized by the Corps for categories of activities that are similar in nature and that have only minimal individual and cumulative adverse environmental impacts. EPA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), and State natural resource agencies review and comment on permit applications and offer recommendations on appropriate mitigation measures. Although comments from the Service and other natural resource agencies are advisory in nature (EPA's veto authority excepted), they can serve as the basis for modifying, conditioning, or denying a Section 404 permit.

\n
\n

In 1986, in a survey conducted by the National Ecology Research Center, Service personnel indicated interest in additional information concerning both wetland trends and the impacts of activities authorized by the Corps under Section 404 (Roelle 1986). Although there is some information concerning wetland losses for certain geographic areas and for the Nation as a whole (Frayer et al. 1983; Tiner 1984), there appears to be little information on how these losses relate to the Section 404 permitting process. The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of estimating wetland losses in relationship to Individual and General Permits issued under Section 404. A secondary objective was to assemble data on acceptance and implementation of specific mitigation recommendations offered by the Service and other natural resource agencies in connection with development activities on wetlands examined.

\n
\n

At present, 26 categories of Nationwide permits have been authorized by the Corps. Nationwide permit 26 was of particular interest in this study because it specifically authorizes discharges into wetlands under certain circumstances (see Figure 1 and related text for a more complete discussion of circumstances under which Nationwide Permit 26 is applicable). All subsequent references to Nationwide or General permits pertain to Nationwide Permit 26.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Gladwin, D.N., Roelle, J.E., and Asherin, D.A., 1989, Assessing the relationship between Section 404 and wetland losses: a feasibility study, iii, 19 p.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5409ad37e4b09baad27cdb54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gladwin, Douglas N.","contributorId":56352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asherin, Duane A.","contributorId":51660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asherin","given":"Duane","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123153,"text":"70123153 - 1989 - Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T11:22:58","indexId":"70123153","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:11:14","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","docAbstract":"

There are four major components of a stream system that determine the productivity of the fishery (Karr and Dudley 1978). These are: (1) flow regime, (2) physical habitat structure (channel form, substrate distribution, and riparian vegetation), (3) water quality (including temperature), and (4) energy inputs from the watershed (sediments, nutrients, and organic matter). The complex interaction of these components determines the primary production, secondary production, and fish population of the stream reach.

\n
\n

The basic components and interactions needed to simulate fish populations as a function of management alternatives are illustrated in Figure I.1. The assessment process utilizes a hierarchical and modular approach combined with computer simulation techniques. The modular components represent the \"building blocks\" for the simulation. The quality of the physical habitat is a function of flow and, therefore, varies in quality and quantity over the range of the flow regime. The conceptual framework of the Incremental Methodology and guidelines for its application are described in \"A Guide to Stream Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology\" (Bovee 1982).

\n
\n

Simulation of physical habitat is accomplished using the physical structure of the stream and streamflow. The modification of physical habitat by temperature and water quality is analyzed separately from physical habitat simulation. Temperature in a stream varies with the seasons, local meteorological conditions, stream network configuration, and the flow regime; thus, the temperature influences on habitat must be analysed on a stream system basis. Water quality under natural conditions is strongly influenced by climate and the geological materials, with the result that there is considerable natural variation in water quality. When we add the activities of man, the possible range of water quality possibilities becomes rather large. Consequently, water quality must also be analysed on a stream system basis. Such analysis is outside the scope of this manual, which concentrates on simulation of physical habitat based on depth, velocity, and a channel index.

\n
\n

The results form PHABSIM can be used alone or by using a series of habitat time series programs that have been developed to generate monthly or daily habitat time series from the Weighted Usable Area versus streamflow table resulting from the habitat simulation programs and streamflow time series data. Monthly and daily streamflow time series may be obtained from USGS gages near the study site or as the output of river system management models.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., Updike, M.A., and Schneider, D.M., 1989, Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II, v. 89, no. 16, 403 p.","productDescription":"403 p.","numberOfPages":"403","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9cfe4b044dc0e828981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Updike, Marlys A.","contributorId":32834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updike","given":"Marlys","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Diane M.","contributorId":107206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175215,"text":"70175215 - 1989 - Selenate reduction to elemental selenium by anaerobic bacteria in sediments and culture: Biogeochemical significance of a novel, sulfate-independent respiration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T16:32:25.602528","indexId":"70175215","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenate reduction to elemental selenium by anaerobic bacteria in sediments and culture: Biogeochemical significance of a novel, sulfate-independent respiration","docAbstract":"

Interstitial water profiles of SeO42−, SeO32−, SO42−, and Cl− in anoxic sediments indicated removal of the seleno-oxyanions by a near-surface process unrelated to sulfate reduction. In sediment slurry experiments, a complete reductive removal of SeO42− occurred under anaerobic conditions, was more rapid with H2 or acetate, and was inhibited by O2, NO3−, MnO2, or autoclaving but not by SO42− or FeOOH. Oxidation of acetate in sediments could be coupled to selenate but not to molybdate. Reduction of selenate to elemental selenium was determined to be the mechanism for loss from solution. Selenate reduction was inhibited by tungstate and chromate but not by molybdate. A small quantity of the elemental selenium precipitated into sediments from solution could be resolublized by oxidation with either nitrate or FeOOH, but not with MnO2. A bacterium isolated from estuarine sediments demonstrated selenate-dependent growth on acetate, forming elemental selenium and carbon dioxide as respiratory end products. These results indicate that dissimilatory selenate reduction to elemental selenium is the major sink for selenium oxyanions in anoxic sediments. In addition, they suggest application as a treatment process for removing selenium oxyanions from wastewaters and also offer an explanation for the presence of selenite in oxic waters.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.55.9.2333-2343.1989","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Hollibaugh, J., Maest, A.S., Presser, T.S., Miller, L., and Culbertson, C.W., 1989, Selenate reduction to elemental selenium by anaerobic bacteria in sediments and culture: Biogeochemical significance of a novel, sulfate-independent respiration: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 55, no. 9, p. 2333-2343, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.9.2333-2343.1989.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2343","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.9.2333-2343.1989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.81161865745477,\n 34.87820418385651\n ],\n [\n -118.62485107932994,\n 35.166108724612116\n ],\n [\n -118.58090576682974,\n 35.426145028011504\n ],\n [\n -118.745700688705,\n 35.604993007449664\n ],\n [\n -118.66879639182977,\n 36.11251865524609\n ],\n [\n -118.9104956105799,\n 36.493233439497644\n ],\n [\n -119.15219482932972,\n 36.537381882172994\n ],\n [\n -119.20712646995467,\n 36.73133559168423\n ],\n [\n -119.54770264182997,\n 37.0213495255132\n ],\n [\n -119.88827881370489,\n 37.37140271952916\n ],\n [\n -120.0530737355798,\n 37.563239296564504\n ],\n [\n -120.47055420432966,\n 38.06662625255325\n ],\n [\n -120.69028076682986,\n 38.583751288800556\n ],\n [\n -120.99789795432974,\n 39.04600325246474\n ],\n [\n -121.21762451682964,\n 39.19941990493476\n ],\n [\n -121.4043920949548,\n 39.606895659228854\n ],\n [\n -121.89877686057986,\n 40.213637551075266\n ],\n [\n -121.66806396995466,\n 40.30586058511415\n ],\n [\n -121.55820068870472,\n 40.514990649222966\n ],\n [\n -121.94272217307952,\n 40.79836385920754\n ],\n [\n -122.32724365745464,\n 40.80668013926589\n ],\n [\n -122.9754370168295,\n 40.41468932443129\n ],\n [\n -122.87656006370469,\n 40.18007073973777\n ],\n [\n -122.70077881370466,\n 39.96990187137982\n ],\n [\n -122.6678198293296,\n 39.64074445479304\n ],\n [\n -122.67880615745472,\n 39.26749780037491\n ],\n [\n -122.28329834495446,\n 38.85804057098295\n ],\n [\n -122.07455811057972,\n 38.549391138431474\n ],\n [\n -122.0855444387045,\n 38.23941110128712\n ],\n [\n -121.7779272512046,\n 37.954096714873785\n ],\n [\n -121.65707764182955,\n 37.60676983461319\n ],\n [\n -121.51425537620455,\n 37.54581995469749\n ],\n [\n -121.29452881370466,\n 37.16156555778515\n ],\n [\n -121.01987061057947,\n 36.71372361604804\n ],\n [\n -120.77817139182966,\n 36.66967601152351\n ],\n [\n -120.43759521995472,\n 36.28097061856451\n ],\n [\n -120.4705542043292,\n 36.0602428538586\n ],\n [\n -120.12997803245426,\n 35.87351401211042\n ],\n [\n -120.11899170432947,\n 35.686344038957\n ],\n [\n -119.75644287620428,\n 35.265846284716346\n ],\n [\n -119.37192139182947,\n 34.95128398250456\n ],\n [\n -119.13022217307935,\n 34.960288315672685\n ],\n [\n -118.81161865745477,\n 34.87820418385651\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c433e4b006cb45552c48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollibaugh, James T.","contributorId":6878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"James T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maest, Ann S.","contributorId":26003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maest","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Laurence G. 0000-0002-7807-3475 lgmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3475","contributorId":2460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence G.","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1003448,"text":"1003448 - 1989 - Distribution and migration of adult striped bass in Lake Whitney, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-07T15:52:45.571688","indexId":"1003448","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and migration of adult striped bass in Lake Whitney, Texas","docAbstract":"

Thirty adult (3.2–8.6 kg) striped bass Morone saxatilis were tagged with ultrasonic transmitters and tracked for up to 475 d in 9,510‐hectare Lake Whitney, a Texas reservoir, to determine seasonal distribution, migration patterns, and water temperatures occupied. Striped bass distribution in summer was limited to an area near the dam, where they survived temperatures as high as 29.0°C. Tagged fish generally were found in the coolest water available (27.0–29.0°C) that contained adequate dissolved oxygen (>4.0 mg/L) in summer and occupied the warmest water (7.4–8.8°C) in winter. For the rest of the year, the fish were distributed throughout available water temperatures. Beginning in autumn, most striped bass moved up the reservoir to and into the main tributaries and remained there until spring, when they returned to the main reservoir. No spawning run up main tributaries was observed in either of the two study years, possibly due to low inflows. Individual fish displayed a preference for certain areas to which they returned yearly.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0523:DAMOAS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Farquhar, B., and Gutreuter, S., 1989, Distribution and migration of adult striped bass in Lake Whitney, Texas: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 5, p. 523-532, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0523:DAMOAS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"532","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Whitney","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.4972853923916,\n 32.0912953267939\n ],\n [\n -97.51877266727945,\n 32.025170560623884\n ],\n [\n -97.47519137366199,\n 32.001552954403174\n ],\n [\n -97.41850917518606,\n 31.98288345908873\n ],\n [\n -97.46301482490055,\n 31.937659040205418\n ],\n [\n -97.39541152150287,\n 31.849190787907816\n ],\n [\n -97.35095629653188,\n 31.862217198718824\n ],\n [\n -97.32420003898305,\n 31.92219562527037\n ],\n [\n -97.38844457493616,\n 31.946338450366742\n ],\n [\n -97.34366487152192,\n 32.00576094026322\n ],\n [\n -97.46409691535995,\n 32.05412778930837\n ],\n [\n -97.42296900847364,\n 32.10983744264624\n ],\n [\n -97.46231119475475,\n 32.107961345583576\n ],\n [\n -97.4972853923916,\n 32.0912953267939\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farquhar, B.W.","contributorId":59399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farquhar","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015354,"text":"70015354 - 1989 - Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T11:01:14.413921","indexId":"70015354","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments","docAbstract":"Two sediment cores were taken from the Rochester Basin of eastern Lake Ontario and analyzed for the radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs and several high molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs). The two sites are geographically proximate but differ in sedimentation rate, permitting sedimentation-dependent processes to be factored out. The 210Pb chronology showed a mixed depth of 3-5 cm and an intrinsic time resolution of 11-14 years. Vertically integrated numbers of deposit-feeding oligochaete worms and burrowing organisms are insufficient to homogenize the sediment on the time scale of CH inputs, which are non steady state. U.S. production and sales of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT, Mirex, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), as determinants of the shape of the input function, adequately predict the overall shape and, in many cases, details in the sedimentary profile. Sediment focusing factors (FF) inferred from 137Cs and 210Pb inventories averaged 1.17 and 1.74 for cores E-30 and G-32, respectively. This permitted CH accumulation rates to be corrected for focusing. Apparent molecular diffusion coefficients modeled for many of the CHs were about (1-3) ?? 10-9 cm2/s.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00067a009","usgsCitation":"Eisenreich, S.J., Capel, P.D., Robbins, J.A., and Bourbonniere, R., 1989, Accumulation and diagenesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in lacustrine sediments: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 23, no. 9, p. 1116-1126, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00067a009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1116","endPage":"1126","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e672e4b0c8380cd47434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisenreich, Steven J.","contributorId":66001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, John A.","contributorId":97583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourbonniere, R.","contributorId":61572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourbonniere","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198925,"text":"70198925 - 1989 - Vegetation alteration along trails in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-24T16:39:11","indexId":"70198925","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-07T16:31:52","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation alteration along trails in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"

Most studies in the USA of vegetation alteration and human impact along trails have been located in large western wilderness areas. The objective of this study was to determine vegetation changes occurring along trails in an eastern ecosystem supporting second-growth deciduous forest. The location of this study was Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, which has a long history of trail use by humans. Located in different sections of the park, ten trails were chosen as study areas. In each, transects were established to measure ground flora in trailside, transition, and undisturbed areas perpendicular to the trail. Field data were collected on frequency, life-form, and percent cover for ground flora of 25 cm or less in height. Cover and species diversity increased toward the trail in eight out often cases. Competition for light and resistance to trampling were thought to influence the occurrence of plants along the transect. Plants found along the trail border were represented by low growthforms, early blooming, or graminoid characteristics, and hemicryptophyte, therophyte, or chamaephyte life-forms. Plants found in the undisturbed zone were represented by scattered cover and frequency, woody growth forms or delicate herbaceous forms, and phanerophyte or geophyte life-forms.

","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(89)90119-5","usgsCitation":"Hall, C.N., and Kuss, F.R., 1989, Vegetation alteration along trails in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Biological Conservation, v. 48, no. 3, p. 211-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(89)90119-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112c44e4b034bf6a822607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Christine N.","contributorId":207287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuss, Fred R.","contributorId":207288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuss","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003079,"text":"1003079 - 1989 - Effects of water temperature on the mortality of field-collected fish marked with fluorescent pigment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T16:01:12.137005","indexId":"1003079","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water temperature on the mortality of field-collected fish marked with fluorescent pigment","docAbstract":"The cumulative effects of collection, handling, and marking with fluorescent pigment on the mortality of adult minnows, young-of-the-year centrarchids, and large centrarchids and percids was determined at five water temperatures (10-20.6 degree C) in field trials. There have been few field trials of this type. The mortality of centrarchids and percids was directly related to temperature and decreased noticeably when the temperature was below 19.5 degree C. The mortality of minnows decreased somewhat as river temperatures cooled but was always at least 50%. Variation was high in the temperature-related patterns of mortality in different taxa and sizes of fish. This variation complicates the accuracy and usefulness of pigment in marking field-collected fish for mark-recapture studies in warmwater systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0341:EOWTOT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Holland Bartels, L.E., Dewey, M.R., and Zigler, S.J., 1989, Effects of water temperature on the mortality of field-collected fish marked with fluorescent pigment: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 9, no. 3, p. 341-344, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0341:EOWTOT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland Bartels, L. E.","contributorId":71505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland Bartels","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, M. R.","contributorId":48908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003432,"text":"1003432 - 1989 - Downstream migration of recently metamorphosed sea lampreys in the Ocqueoc River, Michigan, before and after treatment with lampricides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T15:35:42.99655","indexId":"1003432","displayToPublicDate":"1989-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downstream migration of recently metamorphosed sea lampreys in the Ocqueoc River, Michigan, before and after treatment with lampricides","docAbstract":"

The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness ofchemical treatments of the Ocqueoc River, Michigan, in reducing the number of recently metamorphosed sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus migrating to Lake Huron and to estimate total numbers of migrants produced before and after treatment. Sea lampreys were captured during their downstream migration in a single fyke net fished in the same location from September 1963 through August 1975. The catch, which averaged 3,474 sea lampreys (range, 3,248-3,913) during four migration periods (September-June) before treatment in 1968, declined to 4 during the 1974-1975 migration period. Markrecapture studies were conducted to determine the capture efficiency of the net for recently metamorphosed sea lampreys and to estimate the total downstream migration for each migration period. Estimated downstream migrations before treatment averaged 62,036 sea lampreys (range, 58,000-69,875) for four migration periods and declined to 71 during the 1974-1975 migration period. Catches were usually greater in fall than in spring. The fall peak in migratory activity was in November or December, and the spring peak was in April; both peaks occurred while water levels were high and water temperatures were near 5°C.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0327:DMORMS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hanson, L.H., and Swink, W.D., 1989, Downstream migration of recently metamorphosed sea lampreys in the Ocqueoc River, Michigan, before and after treatment with lampricides: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 9, no. 3, p. 327-331, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0327:DMORMS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"331","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Ocqueoc River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.13226726213979,\n 45.49924610767525\n ],\n [\n -84.13226726213979,\n 45.43527552400957\n ],\n [\n -84.04005583213862,\n 45.43527552400957\n ],\n [\n -84.04005583213862,\n 45.49924610767525\n ],\n [\n -84.13226726213979,\n 45.49924610767525\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68848d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Lee H.","contributorId":67833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swink, William D.","contributorId":60586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123149,"text":"70123149 - 1989 - Aquatic weed control by grass carp in cool water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T11:05:26","indexId":"70123149","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-17T11:03:53","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Aquatic weed control by grass carp in cool water","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Water Conference","conferenceTitle":"National Water Conference","conferenceDate":"1989-07-17T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Newark, DE","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Thullen, J.S., 1989, Aquatic weed control by grass carp in cool water, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c2e4b044dc0e82890a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thullen, Joan S.","contributorId":92925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thullen","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171263,"text":"70171263 - 1989 - Factors affecting water-supply potential of the Twin Cities metropolitan area aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:25:09","indexId":"70171263","displayToPublicDate":"1989-07-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2561,"text":"Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting water-supply potential of the Twin Cities metropolitan area aquifer system","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Schoenberg, M., 1989, Factors affecting water-supply potential of the Twin Cities metropolitan area aquifer system: Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, v. 55, no. 1, p. 38-47.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities Metropolitan Area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.5093,45.4163],[-93.1289,45.4153],[-93.0186,45.4131],[-93.0188,45.2984],[-92.7894,45.297],[-92.7439,45.2963],[-92.7516,45.2935],[-92.7551,45.2927],[-92.7583,45.2904],[-92.7597,45.2872],[-92.7604,45.2845],[-92.7591,45.2794],[-92.7559,45.2739],[-92.7527,45.2694],[-92.7515,45.2657],[-92.7526,45.2626],[-92.7535,45.2584],[-92.7561,45.2541],[-92.7575,45.2502],[-92.7569,45.2443],[-92.7557,45.2397],[-92.7553,45.2356],[-92.7538,45.2305],[-92.7536,45.2276],[-92.7521,45.2236],[-92.752,45.2196],[-92.7527,45.2168],[-92.7546,45.2136],[-92.7573,45.2107],[-92.7603,45.2065],[-92.7619,45.2041],[-92.7632,45.2009],[-92.7637,45.1972],[-92.764,45.1895],[-92.7629,45.1853],[-92.7557,45.178],[-92.7522,45.1759],[-92.7493,45.173],[-92.748,45.1698],[-92.7472,45.1634],[-92.7483,45.1597],[-92.7475,45.1551],[-92.7473,45.1515],[-92.7484,45.1483],[-92.749,45.1419],[-92.7484,45.1373],[-92.7441,45.1264],[-92.7415,45.1172],[-92.7422,45.1135],[-92.7446,45.11],[-92.7467,45.1076],[-92.7513,45.1045],[-92.7591,45.0999],[-92.7624,45.0972],[-92.7803,45.0849],[-92.7847,45.083],[-92.7885,45.0806],[-92.7917,45.0791],[-92.795,45.0772],[-92.7982,45.0746],[-92.8001,45.0723],[-92.8019,45.0647],[-92.8016,45.0597],[-92.8005,45.0567],[-92.7984,45.0531],[-92.7952,45.0499],[-92.7926,45.0481],[-92.7881,45.0453],[-92.7837,45.0421],[-92.7745,45.0373],[-92.7707,45.0344],[-92.7683,45.0325],[-92.7645,45.0265],[-92.7639,45.0237],[-92.7639,45.0196],[-92.7682,45.0005],[-92.7694,44.9909],[-92.7686,44.9796],[-92.7646,44.9711],[-92.7547,44.9571],[-92.7527,44.9527],[-92.7523,44.9481],[-92.753,44.9369],[-92.7534,44.9237],[-92.7547,44.9159],[-92.7569,44.9105],[-92.7606,44.9068],[-92.7645,44.9046],[-92.767,44.9039],[-92.7707,44.9023],[-92.7729,44.901],[-92.775,44.8982],[-92.7738,44.8933],[-92.7689,44.8848],[-92.7632,44.8759],[-92.7628,44.8716],[-92.763,44.8671],[-92.7644,44.8622],[-92.7682,44.8554],[-92.7683,44.853],[-92.7671,44.8494],[-92.7652,44.8462],[-92.7646,44.8423],[-92.7644,44.8382],[-92.766,44.8308],[-92.7679,44.8265],[-92.7719,44.8211],[-92.7751,44.8161],[-92.7784,44.8125],[-92.7801,44.8095],[-92.781,44.8056],[-92.7823,44.8029],[-92.783,44.7966],[-92.7858,44.7893],[-92.7909,44.7842],[-92.7993,44.7765],[-92.802,44.7729],[-92.8046,44.7683],[-92.8059,44.7624],[-92.8073,44.7524],[-92.8061,44.7483],[-92.8054,44.7473],[-92.8022,44.7446],[-92.7901,44.7381],[-92.7805,44.7344],[-92.7722,44.7317],[-92.7658,44.7289],[-92.7569,44.7234],[-92.7536,44.7226],[-92.7471,44.7204],[-92.7415,44.7192],[-92.7339,44.7157],[-92.737,44.658],[-92.7386,44.6329],[-92.7957,44.6305],[-92.7915,44.5452],[-92.9165,44.5449],[-92.9179,44.5221],[-92.9218,44.518],[-92.9282,44.5158],[-92.9321,44.513],[-92.941,44.5149],[-92.9449,44.5131],[-92.9494,44.5104],[-92.9584,44.514],[-92.9634,44.5177],[-92.975,44.5159],[-92.9827,44.5173],[-92.991,44.5215],[-93.0057,44.5197],[-93.0121,44.5175],[-93.0166,44.5166],[-93.0275,44.5198],[-93.0301,44.5148],[-93.0346,44.5148],[-93.039,44.5171],[-93.0406,44.4729],[-93.2826,44.473],[-93.2798,44.546],[-93.5259,44.5466],[-93.9091,44.5446],[-93.9117,44.5492],[-93.9078,44.5528],[-93.9027,44.5524],[-93.9008,44.5492],[-93.8956,44.5483],[-93.8937,44.5515],[-93.8963,44.5561],[-93.9008,44.5606],[-93.8996,44.5647],[-93.8957,44.5675],[-93.8958,44.5711],[-93.8996,44.5743],[-93.8958,44.5775],[-93.8939,44.5807],[-93.8959,44.5871],[-93.8991,44.5903],[-93.8908,44.5962],[-93.8857,44.5967],[-93.8838,44.6012],[-93.878,44.6013],[-93.878,44.6077],[-93.8716,44.6063],[-93.8658,44.6063],[-93.8569,44.6168],[-93.8563,44.6218],[-93.8505,44.6219],[-93.8447,44.6201],[-93.8422,44.6233],[-93.8358,44.6242],[-93.8319,44.6251],[-93.8217,44.6297],[-93.8031,44.6366],[-93.7999,44.6361],[-93.7967,44.6343],[-93.7935,44.6311],[-93.7883,44.632],[-93.78,44.6362],[-93.7768,44.6385],[-93.7729,44.6366],[-93.7723,44.6325],[-93.7691,44.6312],[-93.7665,44.6362],[-93.7685,44.6417],[-93.7686,44.675],[-93.8887,44.6756],[-93.8902,44.7185],[-94.0104,44.719],[-94.0085,44.8947],[-94.0136,44.8951],[-94.0117,44.9796],[-93.7692,44.9789],[-93.7702,45.0734],[-93.7663,45.077],[-93.7631,45.0839],[-93.7534,45.0853],[-93.7399,45.0894],[-93.7341,45.0922],[-93.7322,45.0963],[-93.7257,45.1022],[-93.7225,45.11],[-93.72,45.1205],[-93.7155,45.1269],[-93.7019,45.1374],[-93.6852,45.1489],[-93.6793,45.1525],[-93.6716,45.1562],[-93.6574,45.1585],[-93.6554,45.1599],[-93.6529,45.1631],[-93.6503,45.169],[-93.6516,45.1841],[-93.6549,45.1905],[-93.6555,45.1969],[-93.6562,45.201],[-93.6471,45.2079],[-93.6387,45.2074],[-93.6361,45.206],[-93.6329,45.2056],[-93.6258,45.2092],[-93.6167,45.2115],[-93.6096,45.2111],[-93.6031,45.2111],[-93.5967,45.2134],[-93.5857,45.2189],[-93.5792,45.2189],[-93.5734,45.2202],[-93.5676,45.2225],[-93.5617,45.2289],[-93.554,45.2298],[-93.5462,45.2289],[-93.5371,45.2294],[-93.5332,45.2317],[-93.5197,45.2417],[-93.5158,45.2458],[-93.5138,45.2454],[-93.5093,45.4163]]]},\"properties\"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M.E.","contributorId":66284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenberg","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211213,"text":"70211213 - 1989 - Solute advection in stratified formations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T19:49:31.080521","indexId":"70211213","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-29T14:42:08","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute advection in stratified formations","docAbstract":"

Advection‐dominated solute movement in stratified formations is investigated using a Lagrangian interpretation of particle motion. A probability density function (pdf) for particle position quantifies the expected depth‐integrated resident concentration. A pdf for particle arrival time quantifies the expected depth‐integrated rate of mass arrival, from which the flux‐averaged concentration can be defined. The difference between the flux‐averaged and resident concentrations is shown to be significant for the variability in the hydraulic conductivity that is commonly encountered in field applications. The influence of porosity variations on the advection‐dominated solute movement in stratified porous media is shown to be notable only for large variability in the effective porosity.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/WR025i006p01283","usgsCitation":"Cvetkovic, V., and Shapiro, A.M., 1989, Solute advection in stratified formations: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1283-1289, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i006p01283.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1283","endPage":"1289","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cvetkovic, V.D.","contributorId":52335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cvetkovic","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123422,"text":"70123422 - 1989 - Acid precipitation studies in Colorado and Wyoming: interim report of surveys of montane amphibians and water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:48:52","indexId":"70123422","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T13:16:02","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 80(40.26)","title":"Acid precipitation studies in Colorado and Wyoming: interim report of surveys of montane amphibians and water chemistry","docAbstract":"

Acid deposition may be detrimental or stressful to native populations of wildlife. Because many species of amphibians breed in shallow ponds created by spring rains or melting snow, they may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of acidification. From 1986 to 1988, we surveyed 105 locations in the central Rocky Mountains where amphibians had been recorded previously, and we found that two species of amphibians had experiences major losses. We found the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) at only 4 of 33 (12%) historically known localities, and the boreal toad (Bufo boreas) was present at 10 of 59 (17%) known localities. Three other species have not suffered region-wide declines. Tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) and wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) were present at 45% and 69% of known localities respectively, and were observed at several localities were they had not been recorded previously. Chorus frogs (Pseudacris triseriata) suffered a catastrophic decline in population size in one population monitored since 1961, but regionally, this species was observed in 36 of 56 (64%) known localities and in another 19 localities where there were no previous records.

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Complete water chemistry was recorded for 41 localities, and pH was measured at 110 sites in total. Acid neutralizing capacity, pH, specific conductivity, and cation concentrations were negatively correlated with elevation. However, in mountain ponds and lakes, pH was rarely less than 6.0 during the amphibian breeding season.

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We tested the tolerance of embryos of the four species of frogs to low pH. The LC50 pH was 4.8 for chorus frogs, 4.4-4.7 for leopard frogs, 4.4-4.5 for boreal toads, and 4.2-4.3 for wood frogs. Survival of wood frog embryos declined when exposed to aluminum concentrations of 100 µg/L or greater, but boreal toad embryos survived exposure to aluminum concentrations of 400 µg/L.

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Acid deposition does not appear to be a major factor in the decline of leopard frogs and boreal toads. However, we have not yet investigated effects of sublethal pH on growth and development of tadpoles. Pollution remains suspect, but other factors, including natural fluctuations in population size, may account for the observed declines.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., Stolzenburg, W., and Bury, R.B., 1989, Acid precipitation studies in Colorado and Wyoming: interim report of surveys of montane amphibians and water chemistry, 56 p.","productDescription":"56 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.99,36.99 ], [ -110.99,44.96 ], [ -102.04,44.96 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -110.99,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5409ad34e4b09baad27cdb46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolzenburg, William","contributorId":60135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolzenburg","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123398,"text":"70123398 - 1989 - Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T11:18:57","indexId":"70123398","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T11:13:37","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(17)","title":"Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods","docAbstract":"

This document provides guidance to the user of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP). Planning a temperature study is discussed in terms of understanding the management objectives and ensuring that the questions will be accurately answered with the modeling approach being used.

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A sensitivity analysis of SNTEMP is presented to illustrate which input variables are most important in predicting stream temperatures. This information helps prioritize data collection activities, highlights the need for quality control, focuses on which parameters can be estimated rather than measured, and offers a broader perspective on management options in terms of knowing where the biggest temperature response will be felt.

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All of the major input variables for stream geometry, meteorology, and hydrology are discussed in detail. Each variable is defined, with guidance given on how to measure it, what kind of equipment to use, where to obtain it from another agency, and how to calculate it if the data are in a form other than that required by SNTEMP. Examples are presented for the various forms in which water temperature, discharge, and meteorological data are commonly found. Ranges of values for certain input variables that are difficult to measure of estimate are given. Particular attention is given to those variables not commonly understood by field biologists likely to be involved in a stream temperature study. Pertinent literature is cited for each variable, with emphasis on how other people have treated particular problems and on results they have found.

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Model calibration, verification, and validation steps are defined and outlines, with measures of \"goodness-of-fit\" given for comparing simulated stream temperatures with observed values. The question of how good is good enough is explored, and attention is given to the kinds of simulation and data reduction errors that one should be alert for.

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Some special cases dealing with ice and reservoir temperature are mentioned. Special attention is given to understanding micro-thermal habitats that act as important thermal refugia under low flow conditions; their causes, extent, and management implications are discussed.

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Alternative public domain stream and reservoir temperature models are contrasted with SNTEMP. A distinction is made between steady-flow and dynamic-flow models and their respective capabilities. Regression models are offered as an alternative approach for some situations, with appropriate mathematical formulas suggested.

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Appendices provide information on State and Federal agencies that are good data sources, vendors for field instrumentation, and small computer programs useful in data reduction.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 1989, Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods, 139 p.","productDescription":"139 p.","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a7550e4b01535cb427bb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015118,"text":"70015118 - 1989 - Screening of ground water samples for volatile organic compounds using a portable gas chromatograph","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T17:20:18.789736","indexId":"70015118","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1863,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Screening of ground water samples for volatile organic compounds using a portable gas chromatograph","docAbstract":"

A portable gas chromatograph was used to screen 32 ground water samples for volatile organic compounds. Seven screened samples were positive; four of the seven samples had volatile organic substances identified by second-column confirmation. Four of the seven positive, screened samples also tested positive in laboratory analyses of duplicate samples. No volatile organic compounds were detected in laboratory analyses of samples that headspace screening indicated to be negative. Samples that contained volatile organic compounds, as identified by laboratory analysis, and that contained a volatile organic compound present in a standard of selected compounds were correctly identified by using the portable gas chromatograph. Comparisons of screened-sample data with laboratory data indicate the ability to detect selected volatile organic compounds at concentrations of about 1 microgram per liter in the headspace of water samples by use of a portable gas chromatograph.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01160.x","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R.C., 1989, Screening of ground water samples for volatile organic compounds using a portable gas chromatograph: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 9, no. 3, p. 126-130, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1989.tb01160.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87b1e4b08c986b3165f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchmiller, Robert C.","contributorId":72372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}