{"pageNumber":"1863","pageRowStart":"46550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46593,"records":[{"id":2742,"text":"wsp274 - 1911 - Some stream waters of the Western United States, with chapters on sediment carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T07:53:15","indexId":"wsp274","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1911","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"274","title":"Some stream waters of the Western United States, with chapters on sediment carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses","docAbstract":"<p>A systematic study of the waters likely to be utilized on the Reclamation Service projects was made in order to determine the influence of the salinity of the waters on the growth of vegetation and the effect of suspended matter in silting canals and reservoirs. The work was begun early in 1905, under the direction of Thomas H. Means, engineer, and was continued during 1906 and until May, 1907, under the direction of W. H. Heileman, engineer. The analyses were made in a laboratory established at quarters provided by the University of California at Berkeley, Cal., by C. H. Stone, P. L. McCreary, F. M. Eaton, O. J. Hawley, W. C. Riddell, F. T. Berry, H. A. Burns, J. H. Hampson, J. A. Pearce, and M. Vaygouny, the greater part of the work being that of the first five named. C. H. Stone was chemist in charge at the beginning of the investigations and is chiefly responsible for the plan of the analytical work and the methods of analysis.</p><p>The results of the investigations were prepared for publication under instructions from F. H. Newell, Director of the United States Reclamation Service, by Herman Stabler, assistant engineer, who assembled and checked- the analyses, compiled the accompanying stream-flow data from records of the United States Geological Survey, and computed daily discharge of suspended matter and dissolved solids, under the supervision of D. W. Murphy, engineer in charge of Washington office engineering.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp274","usgsCitation":"Stabler, H., 1911, Some stream waters of the Western United States, with chapters on sediment carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 274, 188 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp274.","productDescription":"188 p.","numberOfPages":"187","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29168,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0274/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0274/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stabler, Herman","contributorId":83498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stabler","given":"Herman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34043,"text":"b491 - 1911 - The data of geochemistry (second edition)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:31","indexId":"b491","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1911","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"491","title":"The data of geochemistry (second edition)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b491","usgsCitation":"Clarke, F.W., 1911, The data of geochemistry (second edition): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 491, 782 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b491.","productDescription":"782 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":92559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0491/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0491/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66885c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Frank Wigglesworth","contributorId":88798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Wigglesworth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34040,"text":"b330 - 1908 - The data of geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:31","indexId":"b330","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1908","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"330","title":"The data of geochemistry","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b330","usgsCitation":"Clarke, F.W., 1908, The data of geochemistry: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 330, 716 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b330.","productDescription":"716 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":22413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0330/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0330/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66888f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Frank Wigglesworth","contributorId":88798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Wigglesworth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2098,"text":"wsp217 - 1908 - Water resources of Beaver Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T07:54:00","indexId":"wsp217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1908","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"217","title":"Water resources of Beaver Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Location and extent of area examined.</strong> Beaver Valley is located in Beaver County, in southwestern Utah, about 175 miles south of Salt Lake. It lies between the Tushar Mountains on the east and the Beaver Mountains on the west. The principal town of the valley is Beaver, which is most conveniently reached from Milford, a station on the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad. The valley, together with its neighboring highlands, occupies the eastern third of Beaver County, an area of about 1,200 square miles. A large part of this area, however, is rocky upland and unproductive desert, the tillable land comprising a comparatively small area in the immediate vicinity of the streams.</p><p><strong>Purpose and scope of work</strong>. The purpose of this paper is to present information concerning the waters of Beaver Valley and to point out ways and means of increasing their usefulness. The presence of a large amount of water in Beaver Valley results from local topograhic conditions, the water being supplied by precipitation in the highland to the east. Its conservation and distribution result from geologic conditions, the water being held in loose gravel and sand, which are more or less confined between ridges of consolidated rocks. The rock basins were formed partly by erosion and partly by faulting and surface deformation. In order to accomplish the purpose in view it is therefore necessary to describe the geographic and geologic conditions in Beaver Valley and neighboring regions.</p><p>The investigation included the determination of the flow of streams and springs, of the manner of occurrence and quantity of the underground waters as shown by the geologic and geographic conditions of the region and by the distribution of springs and wells, and of the chemical character of the waters with reference to their adaptability to domestic use and to irrigation. The chemical data were obtained (a) by field assays, which are approximately correct and probably of sufficient accuracy to be of value in comparing the various waters; (b) by more exact analyses, some of which were made in the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey by W. M. Barr, and others by Herman Harms, State chemist of Utah, for the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad; and (c) by sanitary analyses, made also by Herman Harms.</p><p><strong>Cooperation</strong>. The work was done during the summer of 1906, the United States Geological Survey cooperating with the State of Utah through Caleb Tanner, State engineer, and with the county of Beaver through the supervisors of the county. In collecting the information the writer was assisted by J. F. Hoyt, of Nephi, Utah.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp217","usgsCitation":"Lee, W.T., 1908, Water resources of Beaver Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 217, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp217.","productDescription":"57 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27664,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0217/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Beaver County","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.13034057617188,\n              38.06539235133249\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.13034057617188,\n              38.68014968334624\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39837646484375,\n              38.68014968334624\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39837646484375,\n              38.06539235133249\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.13034057617188,\n              38.06539235133249\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b11f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Willis Thomas","contributorId":52949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Willis","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2115,"text":"wsp183 - 1907 - Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the middle and northern portions of the southern peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T14:20:29","indexId":"wsp183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1907","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"183","title":"Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the middle and northern portions of the southern peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>A large amount of data on water supplies was collected by the writer in the course of glacial investigations made under the direction of Prof. T. C. Chamberlin in the last five years in the Southern Peninsula of Michigan. These investigations resulted in a partial acquaintance with conditions in about 200 separate flowing-well districts and brought out matters of such exceptional importance that arrangements were made to extend them by examining each of the flowing-well districts in the State sufficiently to determine its essential characteristics, present state of development, and probable capacity for future development. It was arranged also that the quality of various classes of water, both surface and underground, as well as water supplies of, cities and villages, should be given attention. As the mineral waters of the State had already been discussed in some detail by the State geologist, Dr. A. C. Lane, in Water-Supply Paper No. 31 of the United States Geological Survey, it was deemed unnecessary to prepare another report on that subject, but arrangements were made with Doctor Lane for embodying in this report the large amount of material which had accumulated at his office relative to other classes of water supply, and also for furnishing reports on certain counties in which special investigations had been carried on by the State survey. The results of all these studies, so far as they apply to the middle- and northern counties (see fig. 1, on next page), are embodied in the present report; the remainder appears in a companion report on the southern counties of the Southern Peninsula of Michigan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp183","usgsCitation":"Leverett, F., 1907, Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the middle and northern portions of the southern peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 183, xiv, 393, iii p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp183.","productDescription":"xiv, 393, iii p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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,{"id":2591,"text":"wsp199 - 1907 - Underground water in Sanpete and central Sevier valleys, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T07:54:42","indexId":"wsp199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1907","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"199","title":"Underground water in Sanpete and central Sevier valleys, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Sanpete and central Sevier valleys are situated at the border of the Basin Range and Plateau provinces in south-central Utah. They are bounded on the east by the Wasatch and Sevier plateaus and on the west by the Gunnison Plateau and the Valley and Pavant ranges, and are drained by Sevier River, which empties into Sevier Lake in the Great Basin. (See fig. 1, p. 6.)</p><p>These valleys rank with the richest parts of the State. They were occupied a few years after the Mormon pioneers founded Salt Lake City, in 1847, when settlements, which soon became thriving farming communities, were established where water for irrigation was most available. A variety of crops, especially wheat, are successfully grown, and the valleys are popularly known as the \"granary of Utah.\" Sheep raising is also an important industry, the adjacent highlands being used for summer pastures. The climate is arid, and there is a striking contrast between those areas which in their natural state are covered with sagebrush and grease wood and the fruitful cultivated tracts. (See PI. I, A and B.) Trees are normally absent in the valleys, but they flourish to a limited extent on the adjacent highlands, where there are thin growths of quaking aspen, scrub oak, and stunted conifers. Irrigation is necessary for the production of crops. Canal systems are maintained by San Pitch Creek and Sevier River, and the mountain streams are tapped by ditches near the mouths of the canyons, but this supply is insufficient and attention is being turned to the subterranean store.</p><p>This report is a preliminary statement of the general conditions of occurrence of underground water in Sanpete and central Sevier valleys. The field work was carried on in cooperation with Sanpete and Sevier counties through the State engineer, Mr. Caleb Tanner, who detailed Mr. C. S. Jarvis to collect the data embodied in the list of springs and wells on pages 51-60.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp199","usgsCitation":"Richardson, G.B., 1907, Underground water in Sanpete and central Sevier valleys, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 199, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp199.","productDescription":"63 p.","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28869,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0199/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Central Sevier Valley, Sanpete Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.4068603515625,\n              39.55064761909318\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7034912109375,\n              39.52946653645165\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.99462890625,\n              39.06611426153784\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.35717773437499,\n              38.70694605159386\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              38.565347844885466\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.48376464843749,\n              38.865374851611634\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4398193359375,\n              39.2832938689385\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4068603515625,\n              39.55064761909318\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, George Burr","contributorId":102458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Burr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2116,"text":"wsp182 - 1906 - Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the southern portion of the southern peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T14:35:15","indexId":"wsp182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1906","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"182","title":"Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the southern portion of the southern peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>A large amount of data on water supplies was collected by the writer in the course of glacial investigations made under the direction of Prof. T. C. Chamberlin in the last five years in the Southern Peninsula of Michigan. These investigations resulted in a partial acquaintance with conditions in about 200 separate flowing-well districts and brought out matters of such exceptional importance that arrangements were made to extend them by examining each of the flowing-well districts in the State sufficiently to determine its essential characteristics, present state of development, and probable capacity for future development. It was arranged also that the quality of various classes of waters, both surface and underground, as well as water supplies of the cities and villages, should be given attention. As the mineral waters of the State had already been discussed in some detail by the State geologist, Dr. A. C. Lane, in Water-Supply Paper No. 31 of the United States Geological Survey, it was deemed unnecessary to prepare another report on that subject, but arrangements were made with Doctor Lane for embodying in this report the large amount of material which had accumulated at his office relative to other classes of water supply, and also for furnishing reports on certain counties in which special investigations had been carried on by the State survey. The results of all these studies, so far as they apply to the southern counties (see fig. 1), are embodied in the present report; the remainder will appear in a companion report on the middle and northern counties of the Southern Peninsula of Michigan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp182","usgsCitation":"Leverett, F., 1906, Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the southern portion of the southern peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 182, xi, 292, iii p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp182.","productDescription":"xi, 292, iii p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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,{"id":39504,"text":"pp50 - 1906 - The Montana lobe of the Keewatin ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T15:31:29","indexId":"pp50","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1906","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"50","title":"The Montana lobe of the Keewatin ice sheet","docAbstract":"<p>Just south of the forty-ninth parallel and east of the Rocky Mountains is an area that is of much interest to glacialists. It is the area which lay between the Keewatin ice sheet and the mountain glaciers coming from the west. Although it has been known for nearly twenty years that the bodies of drift deposited by the ice coming from opposite directions were closely associated, little detailed field work has been done in this region. As early as 1881 Sir James Geikie prophesied that a careful study of the region would clear up many important points in glaciology.&nbsp; In 1885, Dr. T. C. Chamberlin and Prof E. D. Salisbury, in a reconnaissance of the region, determined roughly the course of the terminal moraine of the eastern ice sheet and obtained data concerning the character and extent of the mountain glaciation. In 1890 Mr. G. E. Culver, while a member of the military party under the command of Lieutenant Ahern, U. S. Army, gathered many data concerning the geology of the region, publishing the results of his investigations in the Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, in 1891. Doctor Dawson and Mr McConnell, of the Canadian Survey, have worked out the geology of the region north of the boundary line. Their reports are unusually complete, but the area to the south offers better opportunity for study, and somewhat different conclusions were reached from a study of that region.</p><p>The work on which the following discussion is based was done during the field seasons of 1901, 1902, and 1903. During the first season the writer was accompanied by Mr. Bruce McLeish, then a student at the University of Chicago. The second year Mr. Porter Graves, of the Kansas City High School, rendered valuable assistance. The writer is most deeply indebted to Dr. T. C. Chamberlin and Prof. R. D. Salisbury, of the University of Chicago, for friendly interest shown while superintending the compiling of this manuscript. Professor Salisbury also personally directed a portion of the field work and made many practical suggestions. Thanks are also due Dr. G. K. Gilbert for careful criticism of the report.</p><p>The area covered by this investigation lies along the eastern front of the Montana Rockies, between longitude 108° and 113° 40', and latitude 47° 15' and 49° 30'. Over the eastern and northern part of this area the ice from the northeast deposited its drift. Over the western part the ice from the Rockies pushed down the mountain valleys and, deploying on the plain, deposited large and well-defined terminal moraines. Extending from the Canadian line to the Missouri there is a strip of country, varying greatly in width, which the ice did not cover.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp50","usgsCitation":"Calhoun, F., 1906, The Montana lobe of the Keewatin ice sheet: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 50, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp50.","productDescription":"62 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67112,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.3232421875,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3232421875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.81884765624999,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.81884765624999,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3232421875,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b8f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calhoun, F.H.H.","contributorId":94724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"F.H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39503,"text":"pp49 - 1906 - Geology and mineral resources of part of the Cumberland Gap coal field, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-12T11:52:14","indexId":"pp49","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1906","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49","title":"Geology and mineral resources of part of the Cumberland Gap coal field, Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>The Cumberland Gap coal field lies in Bell and Harlan counties, in the southeast corner of Kentucky and in Claiborne and Campbell counties, Tenn., and extends in a general northeast-southwest direction between Pine and Cumberland mountains from Fork Mountain on the southwest to the heads of Poor and Clover forks of Cumberland River on the northeast. As defined in this paper, it has a total length of about 90 miles and a width of from 15 to 20 miles. (See Pl. II.)</p>\n<p>In this paper is described only the central part of the basin, or the area lying between Log Mountains at the head of Yell ow Creek of Cumberland and nearly north-south line about 10 miles east of Harlan, and while the data presented will give an idea of the general stratigraphy and structure of the whole field, they are not authoritative except within these limits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp49","usgsCitation":"Ashley, G.H., and Glenn, L.C., 1906, Geology and mineral resources of part of the Cumberland Gap coal field, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 49, 239 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp49.","productDescription":"239 p.","numberOfPages":"283","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67111,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0049/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Boll County, Harlan County","otherGeospatial":"Cumberland Gap, Log Mountains, Yellow 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,{"id":39501,"text":"pp45 - 1906 - The geography and geology of Alaska; a summary of existing knowledge, with a section on climate, and a topographic map and description thereof","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-12T12:56:33","indexId":"pp45","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1906","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"45","title":"The geography and geology of Alaska; a summary of existing knowledge, with a section on climate, and a topographic map and description thereof","docAbstract":"<p>Alaska, the largest outlying possession of the United States, is that great land mass forming the northwestern extremity of the North American continent, whose western point is within 60 miles of the Asiatic coast (PI. II). About one-quarter of this area lies within the Arctic Circle, and from the standpoint of geographic position must be regarded as an arctic province; but the southern seaboard, exposed to the warm winds and waters of the Pacific, gives to the entire southern portion of the territory\" a comparatively warm climate. It is not generally realized that the range of climate in Alaska is greater than that between Florida and Maine. At the southernmost point of the Pacific coast the mean annual temperature is not far from that of the city of Washington, the winters being warmer and characterized by less snowfall; the Yukon Valley on the other hand has a winter climate similar to that of northern Montana and Dakota; while in the extreme northern part of the territory the meteorologic conditions are invariably arctic.</p>\n<p>Though as yet only sparsely settled, Alaska's vast area and great resources make it one of the most important possessions of the United States and promise its rapid development. During the years 1890 to 1900 the population increased from 32,052* to 63,592. The mineral output, which in 1890 was valued at less than $800,000, exceeded $9,000,000 in 1904, and the fisheries show a corresponding growth. This rapid development has attracted public attention and led to urgent demand for explorations, surveys, and other investigations. So actively has this work been pushed, both by public and private enterprise, that exact knowledge of the geography, geology, and mineral resources of the interior has made greater strides within the last eight years than during the preceding thirty-one years since the acquisition of Alaska. The facts regarding the geography and geology, scattered as they are through the many books and reports of this period, are not always readily accessible, and the time seems ripe to present them in a summarized form.</p>\n<p>The topography of Alaska is varied and complex (see PI. I), and it is not easy to present briefly even the salient features. The limited number of pages here devoted to the subject precludes the possibility of detailed treatment, even if the facts were available. Much of the description has been taken from the results attained by other investigators, the writer being personally familiar with only a part of this large province. A list of the publications consulted is appended.</p>\n<p>The larger geographic features of Alaska are now fairly well known, though the detailed surveys which are demanded by the development of many localities have hardly been begun. Preliminary surveys have been completed of all but three 8 of the larger rivers. The most important mountain ranges have been at least outlined (fig. 3). Only three large areas remain almost entirely unmapped: One in southwestern Alaska, between Cook Inlet and the lower Kuskokwim, and the others in northern Alaska, embracing the Arctic watershed east and west of the Colville River. Nearly all the surveys of the interior, however, have been of a preliminary and exploratory character, and to meet the requirements of exact geography must be followed by more detailed mensuration.</p>\n<p>Though the coast line has been fairly well known for more than half a century, knowledge of the interior has been gained chiefly within the last two decades. This has not yet found its way into text-books and has too often been entirely ignored by cartographers. If facts are presented which may seem elementary, it is because even well-informed people have been known to harbor misconceptions in regard to the orographic features, climate, and general character of Alaska. Those who read of the perils and privations of winter travel and explorations are apt to picture a region of ice and snow; others, again, who have personal knowledge of the tourist route of southeastern Alaska, regard the whole district as one of rugged mountains and glaciers. In point of fact, glaciers are now nearly limited to the ranges bordering the Pacific and to the two slopes of the Alaska range; and even during the greatest development of glaciers but a small portion of Alaska was under ice (see map, PI. XXII).</p>\n<p>As a treatise on geography would hardly be complete without some discussion of the climate, meteorologic data have been compiled by Mr. Cleveland Abbe, jr., but the discussion of this does not pretend to be more than a cursory treatment of the subject.</p>\n<p>The scope of the paper seems to require also a brief summary of the development of geographic knowledge of Alaska. This subject, with its many ramifications, is of fascinating interest and offers a magnificent field for the trained historian. If the accompanying sketch of discovery and exploration awakens any measure of popular interest the writer will feel amply rewarded for having attacked a theme which hardly falls within the scope of his investigations.</p>\n<p>When this compilation was begun it was intended to be chiefly a description of the topography of Alaska, as illustrated by the accompanying map (PI. XXXIV, in pocket), which was compiled under the direction of the late R. U. Goode. In the course of the work there accumulated much geologic as well as geographic material which seemed worthy of inclusion in the report. As no comprehensive statement of the geology of Alaska has been made since the modern epoch of investigation was begun, an attempt will be made to give a summary of all results achieved. Since the writer has obtained much of his knowledge of the facts from the work of others, he disclaims any pretense of making an entirely original contribution to geologic science. He feels, however, that a personal familiarity with a considerable part of the province, gained during seven consecutive seasons of field work, will justify Mm in presenting conclusions which may in some cases be at variance with those in the reports on which he must draw for his facts.</p>\n<p>Throughout this report attempt will be made to credit borrowed material to the source from which it is drawn. Where such matter has been obtained entirely from published reports there is no difficulty in so doing; but as regards investigators of the Geological Survey, with whom the writer has collaborated both in field and in office, the case is somewhat different, for it is not always possible to know whether this or that theory originated with the writer or with one of his colleagues. It will, then, perhaps suffice to state that this report could not have been prepared without the explorations and researches of the geologists, F. C. Schrader, Walter C. Mendenhall, Arthur J. Collier, J. E. Spurr, and Arthur C. Spencer; and the surveys of the topographers, T. G. Gerdine, D. C. Witherspoon, D. L. Reaburn, W. J. Peters, and E. C. Barnard. Each of these men, in the course of from two to six years of field work, has made important contributions to the knowledge of the geography and geology of Alaska, and not all of these results have yet been put in print. In the last season (1903) L. M. Prindle, C. W. Wright, Arthur Hollick, G. C. Martin, F. L. Hess, and Fred H. Moffit have carried on geologic work in Alaska, and the writer has made use of their work now in course of publication. He has also been fortunate in having access to the manuscript reports of Walter C. Mendenhall and F. C. Schrader on the Copper River basin, to which references will be made. The matter here presented should be credited in a measure to all of these investigators, but for many of the theories advanced the writer alone is responsible.</p>\n<p>As this manuscript goes to press there has been opportunity to incorporate some of the results of the field work of 1904. As far as possible these have been embodied in the text, but in some instances it has been found advisable to add them only as footnotes. During the past summer F. E. and C. W. Wright extended the geologic reconnaissance in southeastern Alaska. In southwestern Alaska G. C. Martin and T. W. Stanton have determined the general Mesozoic section, while F. H. Moffit has made a reconnaissance of the northern part of the Kenai Peninsula. A. J. Collier has mapped the geology of the Cape Lisburne region, and L. M. Prindle and F. L. Hess have made contributions to the knowledge of the metamorphic terranes of the Yukon-Tanana district.</p>\n<p>It is the writer's purpose to describe in nontechnical language the larger geographic features and discuss their relation as far as the data available will permit. In the treatment of the geology, however, less effort will be made to make the matter acceptable to the lay reader. It is hoped, however, that a brief summary of the salient features of the geologic history' may be not without interest to the general public. If this paper serves in some measure to dispel the popular fallacies regarding Alaska and to disseminate more accurate knowledge of its geographic and geologic features, the purpose of its publication will be accomplished.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp45","usgsCitation":"Brooks, A.H., Abbe, C., and Goode, R., 1906, The geography and geology of Alaska; a summary of existing knowledge, with a section on climate, and a topographic map and description thereof: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 45, 327 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp45.","productDescription":"327 p.","numberOfPages":"362","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67110,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104461,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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H.","contributorId":45681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbe, Cleveland Jr.","contributorId":25039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbe","given":"Cleveland","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goode, R.U.","contributorId":50951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"R.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":32886,"text":"pp52 - 1906 - Geology and underground waters of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T14:37:34","indexId":"pp52","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1906","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52","title":"Geology and underground waters of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>In the valley of Arkansas River in southeastern Colorado there is an area of considerable extent in which artesian flows are available. During the last ten years numerous wells have been sunk to develop this important resource and, in most cases in the lower lands, abundant water supplies have been obtained. The principal water-bearing bed is the \"Dakota\" formation, which consists of two sheets of porous sandstone separated by a small body of clay and overlain in the greater portion of the area by a mass of impervious shales. The sandstones receive their waters from, rainfall and from the sinking of streams along the foothills of the Rocky Mountains and on some of the higher slopes south of the Arkansas Valley. In the passage of this sandstone underground, the waters which it contains are held down by the overlying shales, but, as some of the sandstone outcrops are at relatively low levels to the east only a moderate head or pressure is sustained. On account of this low head, artesian flows are available only in the lower lands, and one of the principal objects of this investigation has been the determination of the area in which flows are to be expected. The \"Dakota\" sandstone and associated formations do not lie level, or even slope regularly to the east, but are flexed into low arches and shallow troughs of considerable complexity of configuration. Accordingly, in investigating this source of water supply, it has been necessary to ascertain the structure and distribution of the various formations in order to indicate the variations in depth to the water-bearing stratum. The principal results of these investigations are set forth: (1) In the geologic map (Pl. VI), which shows the distribution of the formations on the surface; (2) in the map, Pl. XXV, which shows the depth to the water-bearing horizon, the area in which flows are expected, the head of the underground waters, and other features, and (3) in the cross sections (Pls. VII and XXIII), which show the principal underground features. The investigation has been in progress for several years and is an extension of the preliminary examination of the region by G. K. Gilbert in 1894 and 1895.</p><p>For the western portion of the area the maps and texts of the Pueblo, Elmoro, Walsenburg, Spanish Peaks, and Pikes Peak folios have been utilized as far as practicable. For the central and eastern portions the larger features of the geology have been specially mapped, and considerable detailed mapping has been done in the region south and southeast of Canyon and Colorado Springs. In the field work I have been assisted by Mr. C. A. Fisher, who has examined in detail the Nepesta quadrangle and contributed numerous other data. Dr. W. S. Tangier Smith and Messrs. C. E. Sicbenthal and W. T. Lee have made observations in certain areas. Much valuable information respecting wells has been furnished by Mr. William Archer, of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, and Mr. C. H. McVay, well driller at Rocky Ford.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp52","usgsCitation":"Darton, N.H., 1906, Geology and underground waters of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 52, Report: iv, 90 p.; 2 Plates: 33.18 x 27.43 inches and 32.29 x 27.27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp52.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 90 p.; 2 Plates: 33.18 x 27.43 inches and 32.29 x 27.27 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340321,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0052/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340322,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0052/plate-25.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60809,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0052/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.5,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5,\n              39.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darton, N. H.","contributorId":71523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39493,"text":"pp32 - 1905 - Preliminary report on the geology and underground water resources of the central Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:20:08","indexId":"pp32","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1905","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"32","title":"Preliminary report on the geology and underground water resources of the central Great Plains","docAbstract":"<p>The area to which this report relates is shown in Pl. II.&nbsp; It comprises the greater portions of South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, and the eastern portions of Colorado and of Wyoming, an area of about one-half million square miles. It is the result of my investigations during the past eight years, but includes also all available data from many sources. I have been aided by various field assistants, those deserving special mention being Messrs. C. A. Fisher, C. C. O'Harra, J.E. Todd, the late C. M. Hall, G. B. Eichardson, W. S. Tangier Smith, E. H. Barbour, and the late J. E. Macfarland.</p><p>On account of its size, the region presents relatively diverse geologic conditions, but comprises comparatively few formations, most of which are widespread. The question of water supply, both overground and underground, is one of great interest to the people in this district, and although considerable progress has been made in some sections in developing well waters, there are vast areas in which the present supplies are inadequate, even for local domestic use. In order to understand the relations of the underground waters it has been necessary to investigate the geology, especially the structure and stratigraphy of the water-bearing and associated formations. This part of the work has required a very large amount of special field study, and the present results show that extended investigation will be required before many important questions of geology can be fully understood.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp32","usgsCitation":"Darton, N.H., 1905, Preliminary report on the geology and underground water resources of the central Great Plains: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 32, Report: 433 p.; 2 Plates: 32.13 x 31.96 inches and 31.84 x 32.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp32.","productDescription":"Report: 433 p.; 2 Plates: 32.13 x 31.96 inches and 31.84 x 32.29 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67103,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0032/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"66.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":120431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340373,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0032/plate-35.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340372,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0032/plate-69.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n        \"stroke-width\": 2,\n        \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n        \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n        \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n      },\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108,\n              43.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2,\n              42.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.5,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.5,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -108,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -108,\n              43.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darton, N. H.","contributorId":71523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":221523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1936,"text":"wsp109 - 1905 - Hydrography of the Susquehanna River drainage basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T11:10:00","indexId":"wsp109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1905","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"109","title":"Hydrography of the Susquehanna River drainage basin","docAbstract":"<p>A detailed study of the hydrographic features of the Susquehanna River drainage basin has revealed the existence of a large amount of interesting data. These, however, are widely distributed in various publications and manuscripts which are in most cases inaccessible. This paper has been prepared to meet the constant demand for this information from both the general and the engineering public. The general deductions are intended to give the general reader a comprehensive review of the principal conditions which exist in this area, while the base data have been given for the use of the engineer, so that he may make his own deductions and have sufficient data for estimates in hydraulic investigations. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp109","usgsCitation":"Hoyt, J.C., and Anderson, R.H., 1905, Hydrography of the Susquehanna River drainage basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 109, 215 p. :illus., XXIX pl. (part fold., incl. map) diagrs. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp109.","productDescription":"215 p. :illus., XXIX pl. (part fold., incl. map) diagrs. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0109/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27262,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoyt, John Clayton","contributorId":10399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Clayton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Robert H.","contributorId":30607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1248,"text":"wsp149 - 1905 - Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T07:57:57","indexId":"wsp149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1905","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"149","title":"Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>The first preliminary list of deep borings in the United States was issued as Water-Supply Papers Nos. 57 and 61. The present publication includes all of the wells listed in these two papers, together with many additional borings, mostly of recent date. Messrs. M. L. Fuller and A. C. Veatch, of the eastern section of hydrology, and other geologists of the Survey have contributed many new data. Descriptions of borings published in reports issued since 1901 have been incorporated as far as practicable. All the entries are by counties. The wells and borings reported in the paper are all more than 400 feet in depth. The information concerning them has been obtained partly from replies to circular letters sent to all parts of the United States and partly from geological reports and other published sources. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining replies to the circulars, to lack of knowledge on the part of correspondents, and to the incompleteness of published records, doubtless there are borings which have not been reported. In regions of oil and gas wells, where borings are numerous, the individual wells can not be listed here, but representative wells are given. References to logs or records of the wells or extended descriptions of them are given in footnotes, and after the list of wells in each State there is added a list of the principal publications relating to deep borings in that State.</p><p>The bearing of the information given in the columns of the lists probably is apparent unless, perhaps, in the one headed \"Height to which the water rises.\" In this column an entry such as \"-45\" indicates that the water rises to within 45 feet of the surface; \"+45\" indicates that it is a flowing well and has sufficient head to raise the water 45 feet above the surface in an open pipe 45 feet or more in height. The yield in gallons per minute usually is estimated. Depths and diameters often have been reported from memory and different sources of publication sometimes give different figures. Most wells which are not stated to be \"for oil,\" \"for gas,\" \"brine,\" \"abandoned,\" etc., in the remarks column, or \"not any\" in the yield column, generally afford more or less water. Many of the gas and oil wells, active or abandoned, yield salt water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp149","usgsCitation":"Darton, N.H., 1905, Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States (2d ed. with additions.): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 149, 175 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp149.","productDescription":"175 p.","numberOfPages":"180","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26178,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0149/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","edition":"2d ed. with additions.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darton, Nelson Horatio","contributorId":78307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"Nelson","email":"","middleInitial":"Horatio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32891,"text":"pp17 - 1903 - Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-15T12:00:02","indexId":"pp17","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1903","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian","docAbstract":"<p>This report is based on field work of the season of 1897. It is designed mainly to furnish information in relation to the geologic structure and the prospects for underground waters. A general account will also be given of the surface waters and their present and prospective use for irrigation, etc. The region is the portion of Nebraska lying west of the one hundred and third meridian, comprising Sioux, Scotts Bluff, Banner, and Kimball counties, the western portions of Cheyenne and Boxbutte counties, and the central and western portion of Dawes County; in all, an area of 7,400 square miles, adjoined on the west by Wyoming, on the north by South Dakota, and on the south by Colorado. It lies on the Great Plains south of the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Scotts Bluff, Banner, and Cheyenne counties areas were&middot; examined in detail, but time did not permit more than a general reconnaissance of the adjoining regions. I was assisted by Mr. C. A. Fisher, who obtained the data for the greater part of Kimball and Boxbutte counties. &nbsp;For several months I was accompanied by Prof. E. H. Barbour, the acting State geologist of Nebraska, who did much to further the progress of the work.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp17","usgsCitation":"Darton, N.H., 1903, Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 17, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17.","productDescription":"69 p.","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":60813,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0017/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Banner, Boxbutte, Cheyenne, Dawes, Kimball, Scotts Bluff, Sioux Counties","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              42.99661231842139\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.08447265624999,\n              40.98819156349393\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.974853515625,\n              40.9964840143779\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.908935546875,\n              42.99661231842139\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              42.99661231842139\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c8f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darton, N. H.","contributorId":71523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39518,"text":"pp13 - 1903 - Drainage modifications in southeastern Ohio and adjacent parts of West Virginia and Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T19:29:40.413774","indexId":"pp13","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1903","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Drainage modifications in southeastern Ohio and adjacent parts of West Virginia and Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>The field work upon which this paper is based was carried on intermittently for several years. During the season of 1899 the work in Washington County, Ohio, was conducted under the direction of the Ohio State Academy of Science, the expenses being covered by a grant from the Emerson McMillin special research fund. The field work of the season of 1900 was done under the direction of Dr. T. C. Chamberlin, chief of the Division of Pleistocene Geology of the United States Geological Survey, and to him the author is greatly indebted for many valuable suggestions in relation to the work, and for an extended correspondence concerning the interpretations, during the preparation of this report. The study of this particular region was the natural result of earlier studies of drainage modifications in Ohio, in the region more nearly adjacent to the glaciated area. Until a few years ago but very little systematic study of the drainage features of Ohio had been made. It is not intended at present to make a complete review of the early literature, but to refer only to such portions of it as bear directly on the problem in hand. On account of the lack of good maps of Ohio it has not been possible to make the maps which accompany this paper as accurate as might be desired. They have been constructed from various published maps and from personal observations in the field; and, while they are not strictly accurate, it is hoped that they will set forth the facts with reference to the drainage modifications with sufficient clearness to enable anyone to follow the features in the field, or to serve for purposes of correlation. The map of Flatwoods and Teays valleys has been constructed from four topographic sheets of the United States Geological Survey Ironton, Kenova, Huntington, and Charleston. The author is under obligations to Mr. H. M. Wilson, geographer of the Survey, for data furnished from the unpublished map of the Kenova quadrangle. The photographs illustrating the report were all taken by the author.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp13","usgsCitation":"Tight, W.G., 1903, Drainage modifications in southeastern Ohio and adjacent parts of West Virginia and Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 13, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp13.","productDescription":"111 p.","numberOfPages":"128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406260,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4142.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.75,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.75,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.75,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75,\n              38.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635b9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tight, W. G.","contributorId":83591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tight","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":221560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39522,"text":"pp18 - 1903 - Chemical composition of igneous rocks expressed by means of diagrams, with reference to rock classification on a quantitative chemico-mineralogical basis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T16:17:22.006411","indexId":"pp18","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1903","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"18","title":"Chemical composition of igneous rocks expressed by means of diagrams, with reference to rock classification on a quantitative chemico-mineralogical basis","docAbstract":"<p>The value of graphical methods for expressing relative quantities has been well established in all kinds of statistical exposition and discussion. Their use in conveying definite conceptions of relative quantities of chemical and mineral components of rocks is becoming more and more frequent, and the value of the results in some cases can not be overestimated. This is especially true when a series or group of rocks is being considered. The intricate variations in the amounts of numerous mineral components, or of chemical components, baffle most attempts to comprehend their interrelationships by simple contemplation or by study of the numbers in which they may be expressed. Many facts and relations are overlooked which arc readily observed when diagrams are used to represent numerical figures. Moreover, visual memory is sufficiently developed in most persons to enable them to carry in mind simple geometrical forms, where it does not permit them to recollect manifold assemblages of oft-repeated numbers. Mental impressions of simple diagrams are, therefore, more definite and lasting and enable the student to store up a much greater amount of quantitative data than he could otherwise acquire.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp18","usgsCitation":"Iddings, J.P., 1903, Chemical composition of igneous rocks expressed by means of diagrams, with reference to rock classification on a quantitative chemico-mineralogical basis: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 18, Report: 98 p.; 8 Plates: 39.16 x 18.07 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp18.","productDescription":"Report: 98 p.; 8 Plates: 39.16 x 18.07 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":496863,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-VII.pdf","text":"Plate VII","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496862,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-VI.pdf","text":"Plate VI","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496861,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-V.pdf","text":"Plate V","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496860,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-IV.pdf","text":"Plate IV","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496859,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-III.pdf","text":"Plate III","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496858,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-II.pdf","text":"Plate II","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496857,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-I.pdf","text":"Plate I","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496864,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-VIII.pdf","text":"Plate VIII","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67129,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e41ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iddings, J. P.","contributorId":49031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iddings","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":221565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1900,"text":"wsp88 - 1903 - The Passaic Flood of 1902","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-05T17:02:59.544111","indexId":"wsp88","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1903","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88","title":"The Passaic Flood of 1902","docAbstract":"<p>Late in February and early in March, 1902, there occured upon the drainage basin of the Passaic River in northeastern New Jersey the most disastrous flood in the history of the region. Not only was the discharge the largest recorded, but the flood was the most destructive to life and property in the settlements ever known along the valley.</p><p>In the following pages it is proposed to outline the history of this flood, describe the conditions under which it occurred, give the estimated volume of its discharge, and indicate as well as possible the nature and extent of the damage resulting from it.</p><p>The data and information embodied in the following report were obtained by personal observation while the flood was in progress and after it had subsided and from various water companies, manufacturers, and residents of the flooded areas. Acknowledgments are especially due to Mr. J. II. Cook, of Paterson, engineer for the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures; to Mr. M. R. Sherred, engineer of the water department of the Newark board of public works; to Mr. R. M. Watson, of Wise &amp; Watson, engineers of Passaic; to Mr. C. C. Vermeule, from whose valuable report on the water supply of New Jersey much data have been taken regarding the physical condition of the watersheds, and to others whose help or suggestions have been of value.</p><p>As the region under discussion, though comparatively restricted, is an important one owing to its dense population and rapidly increasing industrial development, and as the physical and physiographie conditions governing high-water stages on the Passaic watershed are peculiar, it is deemed necessary for a full understanding of the present flood to describe briefly their most important, features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp88","usgsCitation":"Hollister, G.B., and Leighton, M.O., 1903, The Passaic Flood of 1902: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 88, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp88.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollister, George Buell","contributorId":75507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollister","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Buell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leighton, Marshall O.","contributorId":49335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":34907,"text":"b204 - 1902 - Fossil Flora of the John Day Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:29","indexId":"b204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1902","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"204","title":"Fossil Flora of the John Day Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"For a number of years I have been gradually accumulating material for a thorough revision of the Tertiary floras of the Pacific slope. Fossil plants are known to occur at numerous points within this area, and their study and identification has already furnished valuable data bearing on the geological history of the region, and when still further exploited it is confidently expected that they will afford more exact data for the use of geologists. This investigation is progressing satisfactorily, and at no distant day it is hoped to have it in form for final publication.\r\n\r\nFrom time to time various members of the United States Geological Survey, as well as others not connected with this organization, have sent in small collections of fossil plants for determination. These have been studied and reported upon as fully as the condition of the problem permitted, so that the determinations could be immediately available to geologists, but with the reservation that none of the questions could be fully settled until all known material had been studied and properly correlated.\r\n\r\nThe rich fossil plant deposits in the John Day Basin, as set forth more fully in the historical account which follows, have been known for a period of nearly fifty years, but their study has been carried on in a more or less desultory manner. There has also been considerable confusion as to the horizons whence these plants came. As various species of plants described originally from the John Day region were detected in various other localities in Oregon, and in surrounding areas, as central Washington, western Idaho, and northern California, it became more than ever apparent that a thorough study of all material obtainable from this type area would be necessary before any definite or satisfactory conclusions could be reached.\r\n\r\nThe immediate incentive for this revision was furnished by the receipt of a considerable collection of plants, made by Dr. John C. Merriam in 1900 while he was in charge of an expedition into this region made under the auspices of the University of California.\r\n\r\nWhen these plants were submitted to me for study, it was thought possible to present their description, together with a revision of our knowledge of the previously known forms, within a space sufficiently small to permit the publication of the matter as an appendix to a paper on the general geology of the area, then in preparation by Dr. Merriam. But it soon became apparent that this could not be adequately done within the space available, and a short preliminary report was prepared for and published by Dr. Merriam. The results of a complete restudy of all available fossil plant material from the John Day Basin are now presented.\r\n\r\nI wish to record my great indebtedness to Dr. Merriam, who not only accompanied me at a considerable personal sacrifice on a trip through the region in 1901, but placed unreservedly at my disposal all material bearing in any way on the problem then in the paleontological museum of the University of California. To Dr. Arthur Hollick I am indebted for the loan of all material from the John Day region belonging to Columbia University, and now deposited in the New York Botanical Garden at Bronx Park. This material, together with the rich collections belonging to the United States National Museum, represents practically all now known to have come from the John Day Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b204","usgsCitation":"Knowlton, F.H., 1902, Fossil Flora of the John Day Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 204, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b204.","productDescription":"153 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":22148,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":12491,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/joda/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a9515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowlton, Frank Hall","contributorId":75982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowlton","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Hall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58216,"text":"ar22_4 - 1902 - Twenty-second annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901: Part IV - Hydrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T10:06:27","indexId":"ar22_4","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1902","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":304,"text":"Annual Report","code":"AR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"22","title":"Twenty-second annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901: Part IV - Hydrography","docAbstract":"<p>I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript for a volume on hydrography, prepared for publication as Part IV of the Twenty-second Annual Report of the Survey. The data presented relate to the investigations carried on during the calendar year 1900. </p><p>The first part of the report discusses the results of measurements of streams in different parts of the United States, the facts being presented in diagrammatic form as well as by statistical tables. The arrangement adopted is that of preceding reports of this series, being a geographic order, beginning in the extreme northeastern part of the United States and ending in the southwestern portion. A number of papers, prepared independently, have been incorporated in this part of the report, with such modification as was necessary to bring them into accord with the general arrangement. </p><p>Following the report of stream measurements is a paper by Mr. Arthur Powell Davis, giving conclusions based upon his work while detailed to the Nicaraguan and Isthmian canal commissions. The original data have been incorporated in the reports of those bodies; but since this important investigation has been conducted by one of the members of the United States Geological Survey it is particularly appropriate that a brief recapitulation of the principal facts should appear in this volume. The resume here given contains the facts of chief interest to students of hydrography, thus rendering them available for consideration in connection with similar data obtained for the United States. </p><p>The last paper, \" The High Plains and their utilization,\" by Mr. Willard D. Johnson, is a continuation of that in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, the completion of which was unfortunately interrupted. Although this break in the sequence involves some inconvenience for reference, it will not detract from the value of the material.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ar22_4","usgsCitation":"Walcott, C.D., 1902, Twenty-second annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901: Part IV - Hydrography: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 22, 690 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ar22_4.","productDescription":"690 p.","numberOfPages":"690","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332401,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/22_4/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623cb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walcott, Charles D.","contributorId":7738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walcott","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58188,"text":"ar21_7 - 1901 - Twenty-First Annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1899-1900: Part VII - Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T10:39:27","indexId":"ar21_7","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1901","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":304,"text":"Annual Report","code":"AR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Twenty-First Annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1899-1900: Part VII - Texas","docAbstract":"<p><i>Area treated.</i>—The Black and Grand prairies of Texas and southern Indian Territory comprise about 50,000 square miles (see Pl. LXV, in pocket)—an area equal to that of fifty of the quadrangles mapped and described by the United States Geological Survey in its Geologic Atlas of the United States. The accompanying general geologic map (Pl. LXVI, in pocket) is a condensed presentation of the geology usually shown on that number of atlas sheets as published in folio form. Most of these quadrangles have been studied by the writer and his former assistants.</p><p><i>Sources of data.</i>—An entirely satisfactory presentation of these results is still impossible by reason of the lack of adequate maps. The topographic maps of the United States Geological Survey, which cover 24 of the 50 units of area, were made in the earlier years of the Survey and with a contour interval insufficient for the expression of the geology. For the remaining portion of the area it was necessary to use as a base the Land Office maps of the State of Texas.</p><p>The conclusions herein presented, often condensed in a short paragraph, are founded upon a large amount of paleontologic, stratigraphic, and topographic data. The results, so far as they refer to the Black and Grand prairies, are the outcome of studies made by the writer since 1882, sometimes independently, sometimes with the assistance of the United States Geological Survey, and during two years in connection with the Texas Geological Survey. In times past he has been assisted in this work by his former students, C. C. McCulloch, now captain, U. S. A.; Messrs. Wilson T. Davidson and L. T. Dashiel; Mr. Joseph A. Taff, now of the United States Geological Survey; Dr. J. W. Stone, Mr. N. F. Drake, and Mr. G. H. Ragsdale. Inasmuch as the details which these gentlemem worked out were problems of the writer's suggestion, he has incorporated them into this paper, and here acknowledges indebtedness therefor. Upon the writer's retirement from the Texas Survey, Mr. Taff continued the work of mapping the region. He published two reports, which have been freely used and which have been of great assistance in the preparation of this paper.&nbsp;</p><p><i>Importance of paleontology.</i>—In addition to the collection of the data which appear in the text and illustrations, much paleontologic research has been necessary in order to classify the formations. Paleontology is the most reliable guide in determining the position of any bed in the geologic series with a view to ascertaining the depth, from any particular portion of the surface, of the underground waters in the Cretaceous regions of Texas. If a few species of fossils, such as can be found in any locality, be sent to one familiar with the sequence of the beds, he can predict within a few feet the depth below the surface of any particular water-bearing stratum in the series. It was a labor of years to disentangle the preexisting confusion concerning the occurrence and succession of these fossils and their bearings upon the determination and definition of the strata. Their further consideration has been left to Mr. T. W. Stanton, who, it is presumed, will make final publication of the descriptions and the scientific results.</p><p>This is not a final and complete report. Detailed field work is desirable in many localities. Chemical analyses of water and illustrations of typical scenery should be more complete, but these were not obtainable with the means and time at the writer's disposal. When appreciation of geologic investigation shall have been awakened in Texas and the region under discussion shall have been studied more closely by resident students, in the manner now common in other parts of the United States, the data here presented will be largely increased and refined, and the conclusions will doubtless be correspondingly amended and rectified.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/ar21_7","usgsCitation":"Walcott, C.D., 1901, Twenty-First Annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1899-1900: Part VII - Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 21, Report: 666 p.; 7 Plates: 31.12 x 32.22 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ar21_7.","productDescription":"Report: 666 p.; 7 Plates: 31.12 x 32.22 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350239,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-67.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350240,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-68.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350241,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-69.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":350236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-65.pdf"},{"id":350238,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-66.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350242,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-70.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350243,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-71.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Black and Grand Prairies","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              30\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walcott, Charles D.","contributorId":7738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walcott","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211850,"text":"70211850 - 1900 - Preliminary report on the Cape Nome gold region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T20:05:47.269728","indexId":"70211850","displayToPublicDate":"1900-01-01T15:04:58","publicationYear":"1900","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Preliminary report on the Cape Nome gold region, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The following report is based on a few weeks' examination of the recently discovered Nome gold-mining region, made by us in October, 1899. We collected such topographic and geologic data of this important region as the climatic conditions would permit and our limited time would allow, the trip to Nome being a hurried utilization of a delay while waiting for a steamer for Seattle after the completion of the regular field work in the Yukon Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/70211850","usgsCitation":"Schrader, F., and Brooks, A.H., 1900, Preliminary report on the Cape Nome gold region, Alaska, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70211850.","productDescription":"56 p.","numberOfPages":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70211850/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70211850/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cape Nome","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.4700927734375,\n              64.24459476798195\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.795166015625,\n              64.24459476798195\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.795166015625,\n              65.22449831043461\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.4700927734375,\n              65.22449831043461\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.4700927734375,\n              64.24459476798195\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Frank C.","contributorId":26979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Frank C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Alfred H.","contributorId":80325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2077,"text":"wsp30 - 1899 - Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T10:57:22","indexId":"wsp30","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1899","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>This material is a portion of the outcome of Dr. Lane's studies in connection with the geological survey of the State of Michigan, supplemented by statements received in reply to circulars sent throughout the Lower Peninsula of Michigan to well drillers and others likely to be well informed and interested in the subject. The facts thus gathered have been collated with the result of two months' field work during the autumn of 1897. The complete report has assumed such bulk that it has been found necessary to divide it into several parts. The first of these, containing the general conclusions, is herewith presented. The remaining data fall naturally into two classes, the first consisting of analyses of waters and the second of detailed descriptions of the supply at various localities visited.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp30","usgsCitation":"Lane, A.C., 1899, Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 30, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp30.","productDescription":"97 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27637,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0030/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lower Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": 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,{"id":58198,"text":"ar18_4 - 1897 - Eighteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1896-1897: Part IV - Hydrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T10:11:57","indexId":"ar18_4","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T07:45:00","publicationYear":"1897","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":304,"text":"Annual Report","code":"AR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"18","chapter":"4","title":"Eighteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1896-1897: Part IV - Hydrography","docAbstract":"<p>The completion of this volume marks the revival of extended systematic investigation of the hydrography of the United State. This book is, in effect, the ninth annual report of what has been known as the Irrigation Survey. Its preparation and publication has been made possible by the act of June 11, 1896 (Stat. L., vol. 29, p. 436), which enlarged the scope of the work and authorized the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources of arid and semiarid sections. For some years before this date the sums available for hydrographic work were so small that it was practicable merely to continue observations at previously established stations, compute discharges, and compile for publication the data accumulated in the office.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eighteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1896-1897","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ar18_4","usgsCitation":"Davis, A.P., Leverett, F., Darton, N.H., and Schuyler, J., 1897, Eighteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1896-1897: Part IV - Hydrography: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 18, x, 756 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ar18_4.","productDescription":"x, 756 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States\"}}]}","tableOfContents":"<p>Davis, A.P. Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1896 (Plates I-XXXII).....13</p>\n<p>Leverett, Frank. The water resources of Indiana and Ohio (Plates XXXIII-XXXVII).....419</p>\n<p>Darton, N.H. New developments in well boring and irrigation in South Dakota (Plate XXXVIII-XLVII).....561</p>\n<p>Schuyler, J .D. Water storage and construction of dams (Plates XLVIII-CII).....617</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ef55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Arthur Powell","contributorId":49334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"Powell","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leverett, Frank","contributorId":77512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leverett","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darton, N. H.","contributorId":71523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuyler, J.D.","contributorId":147598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuyler","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038967,"text":"70038967 - 1890 - Volume XIII: The tertiary insects of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T17:05:26","indexId":"70038967","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-15T14:36:40","publicationYear":"1890","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":371,"text":"Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"subseriesTitle":"U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories","title":"Volume XIII: The tertiary insects of North America","docAbstract":"<p>That creatures so minute and fragile as insects, creatures which can so feebly withstand the changing seasons as to live, so to speak, but a moment, are to be found fossil, engraved, as it were, upon the rocks or embedded in their hard mass, will never cease to be a surprise to those unfamiliar with the fact. \"So fragile,\" says Quinet, \"so easy to crush, you would readily believe the insect one of the latest beings produced by nature, one of those which has least resisted the action of time; that its type, its genera, its forms, must have been ground to powder a thousand times, annihilated by the revolutions of the globe, and perpetually thrown into the crucible. For where is its defense? Of what value its antennae, its shield, its wings of gauze, against the commotions and the tempests which change the surface of the earth? When the mountains themselves are overthrown and the seas uplifted, when the giants of structure, the mighty quadrupeds, change form and habit under the pressure of circumstances, will the insect withstand them? Is it it which will display most character in nature? Yes! The universe flings itself against a gnat. Where will it find refuge? In its very diminutiveness, its nothingness.\"</p>\n<p>The pages and plates of the present volume bear testimony to the fact that our tertiary strata have preserved remnants of an ancient host, so varied in structure, so closely also resembling their brethren of to-day, that nearly or quite every prevalent family-group in the entire range of the insect-world has already been demonstrated to have then existed. While often fragmentary and crushed, sometimes beyond recognition, a not insignificant number are sufficiently preserved for us to repopulate the past; sometimes, too, are they preserved in such a wonderful manner that in tiny creatures with a spread of wings scarcely more than a couple of millimeters one may count under the microscope the hairs fringing the wings.</p>\n<p>In attempting thus to restore the past world of our insects, two or three general features have been forced upon my attention, which may well be mentioned here. One of them is the rernarkable fact that in hardly a single instance has the same species been found at two distinct localities. These localities, it is true, are in some instances separated by hundreds or even thousands of miles, and analogy with the present distribution of insects would lead us to expect more or less profound changes in passing from one to another. But at other times the distance is not great, or at any rate not great enough to make this a satisfactory reason. It is more probable that the beds in which they occur are not altogether synchronous; and we are led to believe that in the separation of horizons insects will give more precise and definite distinctions than may be gained by the study of the plant remains of the same beds. The data at our disposal are not yet sufficiently varied to enable us to speak with any confidence, but when the other groups of Florissant insects, not considered in the present volume, are worked out, and the new material that is at hand from the other principal localities have been fairly studied, it may be found that we are armed with a new weapon of attack in solving the immediate succession of the Tertiary series of the West in their finer subdivisions.</p>\n<p>Another point to which attention may be drawn is the very considerable number and quite extraordinary proportion of species which so far are represented by a single specimen. Leaving out of consideration certain marvelously prevalent forms in the beds of Florissant, such as certain Formicidae, Alydina, etc., one working these beds, from which many thousands of insects have already been taken, may confidently expect that every third or fourth specimen will prove something new. A quite similar statement can be made of all, or all but one, of the other localities where insects have been found in our Tertiary deposits: it surely indicates that with all the rich results of the explorations so far undertaken we are only upon the threshold of our possible knowledge. We find a richness of fauna far exceeding anything before supposed possible.</p>\n<p>The interest of the Tertiary fauna is further enhanced by the discovery that no inconsiderable proportion of the species in this fauna must be referred to genera not now extant. Granted that our knowledge of the subtropical forms of this continent (with which as a whole at least our Florissant fauna seems to be akin) is much too meager to be of great service; granted also that in many cases we are forced to establish new genera upon what would be regarded among recent animals as too slender grounds : it is nevertheless true that an unexpectedly large number of forms can not be forced into modern genera already established; in many cases, throughout whole groups, kindred differences from modern types are found which indicate considerable changes of structure in the intervening epochs along parallel lines. In illustration of this we would call special attention to the differences observed in the genera of plant-lice, and, in several places among other Hemiptera as well as among the Coleoptera, to the decided differences in the relative length of various members of the body. My own belief, which springs from the comparisons instituted in the study of this fauna, is that a much larger proportion of genera should really have been founded, and that, for every type which may turn up in Central American explorations of the near future identical with those now established upon the fossils alone, it will be necessary to separate from the familiar surroundings in which I have placed it some other of the insects from the same beds.</p>\n<p>It should be stated that the larger part of the plates in this volume were engraved before the insects were studied, except in a cursory manner to separate the species; the insects are therefore not always properly grouped, and the legends upon the plates are in part inaccurate.</p>\n<p>In the enumeration of the specimens at the end of the specific descriptions the numbers of the obverse and reverse of the same specimen are always connected by \"and\" without any intervening comma, and this typographical method is employed only for expressing this relation.</p>\n<p>In the study of these extinct insects much assistance has been received from friends, to whom my cordial thanks are due; for valuable suggestions from the late Dr. J. L. LeConte, from Baron R. von Osten Sacken, Edward Burgess, Esq., and Drs. G. H. Horn and H. A. Hagen; for the open collections of the late G. D. Smith, Esq., and of Messrs. E. P. Austin and Samuel Henshaw; and for important aid in obtaining typical series of modern insects in various groups by Messrs. E. P. Austin, P. R. Uhler, E. P. Van Duzee, Edward Burgess, Dr. A. 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