By authority from headquarters Military Division of the Pacific, Lieut. George M. Wheeler, United States Engineers, will proceed with his civil assistants and three enlisted men to either Camps Halleck or Ruby, Nevada, and having been joined by Lieut. D.W. Lockwood, United States Engineers, now en route via Fort Churchill, will there organize a party, to consist of two-non-commissioned officers and twenty-three enlisted men, (cavalry, or infantry mounted,) such drivers, packers, and guides as may be required; equip them with the necessary, full, and complete outfit, as far as the resources of the posts will enable him so to do; after which he will proceed, via the White Pine district, to make a thorough and careful reconnaissance of the district of country to the south and east of White Pine, extending thereto from the White Pine or Grant district, of obtaining correct data for a military map of the country, and for the selection of the site or sites for such military post or posts to cover the mining country south and east of White Pine from hostile Indians, as may be required. Such explorations and examinations as may will be made in reference to the physical geography of the country, its resources in wood, water, agricultural or mineral productions.
\nThe character, habits, and numbers of Indian tribes, and their dispositions toward settlers and miners, will be subjects for investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039935","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, G., and Lockwood, D., 1875, Preliminary report upon a reconnaissance through southern and southeastern Nevada, made in 1869, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039935.","productDescription":"72 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310330,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039935/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70039935.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,35 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,35 ], [ -120,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"Under the orders of Brigadier General E.O.C. Ord, Brevet Major General U.S. Army, commanding Department of California. This report is the Annual Report for 1869.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8a54e4b0c8380cd7e028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, George Montague","contributorId":35579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"George Montague","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, D.W.","contributorId":62068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227902,"text":"70227902 - null - Predicting species distributions: unifying model selection and scale optimization for multi-scale occupancy models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-02T19:22:11.352635","indexId":"70227902","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-20T13:20:46","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting species distributions: unifying model selection and scale optimization for multi-scale occupancy models","docAbstract":"Geographic distributions are a basic component of a species’ ecology, and predicting distributions is a fundamental task of conservation and resource management. Reliable prediction depends on identification of appropriate scales of effect for environmental data, and scale-optimization techniques are thus desirable to identify optimal scales for predictor variables. Recent statistical developments have also advanced methods of model selection based explicitly on predictive ability, which differ from commonly-used methods that regulate model structures via anticipated predictive performance. Such methods are beginning to permeate into species distribution models (SDMs), yet there remains no consensus methodology for developing optimally-predictive multi-scale SDMs when covariate data are collected over a range of scales. Thus, we compared the performance of common approaches for scale optimization and model selection in terms of their ability to produce optimally predictive multi-scale Bayesian occupancy models for predicting a species distribution, using models of the breeding distribution for King Rails (Rallus elegans) as a case study. Our results demonstrate sizable gains in predictive performance for hierarchical occupancy models selected explicitly via their ability to predict out-of-sample data using the logarithmic scoring rule, as compared to models selected using information criteria (DIC and WAIC). Information criteria commonly selected individual covariates, as well as scales of effect for those covariates, with suboptimal predictive performance. Performance of models selected using the logarithmic scoring rule was robust across method of scale optimization, which was not true for models selected using DIC and WAIC. Thus, we empirically demonstrate benefits of study designs that enable covariate and scale selection based explicitly on predictive ability. Our results also imply that more careful consideration of what constitutes an optimal scale is warranted in many ecological studies, as the meaning of optimal is not independent of the technique used for scale selection.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2748","usgsCitation":"Stevens, B.S., and Conway, C.J., Predicting species distributions: unifying model selection and scale optimization for multi-scale occupancy models: Ecosphere, v. 10, no. 5, e02748, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2748.","productDescription":"e02748, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099198","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2748","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Bryan S.","contributorId":171809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236057,"text":"70236057 - null - Characterizing the interface between wild ducks and poultry to evaluate the potential of transmission of avian pathogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T16:20:23.390723","indexId":"70236057","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T11:12:57","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2050,"text":"International Journal of Health Geographics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing the interface between wild ducks and poultry to evaluate the potential of transmission of avian pathogens","docAbstract":"Characterizing the interface between wild and domestic animal populations is increasingly recognized as essential in the context of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) that are transmitted by wildlife. More specifically, the spatial and temporal distribution of contact rates between wild and domestic hosts is a key parameter for modeling EIDs transmission dynamics. We integrated satellite telemetry, remote sensing and ground-based surveys to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of indirect contacts between wild and domestic birds to estimate the risk that avian pathogens such as avian influenza and Newcastle viruses will be transmitted between wildlife to poultry. We monitored comb ducks (Sarkidiornis melanotos melanotos) with satellite transmitters for seven months in an extensive Afro-tropical wetland (the Inner Niger Delta) in Mali and characterise the spatial distribution of backyard poultry in villages. We modelled the spatial distribution of wild ducks using 250-meter spatial resolution and 8-days temporal resolution remotely-sensed environmental indicators based on a Maxent niche modelling method.
Our results show a strong seasonal variation in potential contact rate between wild ducks and poultry. We found that the exposure of poultry to wild birds was greatest at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season, when comb ducks disperse from natural water bodies to irrigated areas near villages.
Our study provides at a local scale a quantitative evidence of the seasonal variability of contact rate between wild and domestic bird populations. It illustrates a GIS-based methodology for estimating epidemiological contact rates at the wildlife and livestock interface integrating high-resolution satellite telemetry and remote sensing data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/1476-072X-10-60","usgsCitation":"Cappelle, J., Gaidet, N., Iverson, S.A., Takekawa, J.Y., Newman, S.H., Fofana, B., and Gilbert, M., Characterizing the interface between wild ducks and poultry to evaluate the potential of transmission of avian pathogens: International Journal of Health Geographics, v. 10, 60, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-10-60.","productDescription":"60, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-10-60","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":405689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mali","otherGeospatial":"Inner Niger Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -4.55108642578125,\n 14.98193315445839\n ],\n [\n -3.9166259765625,\n 14.98193315445839\n ],\n [\n -3.9166259765625,\n 15.493385656382307\n ],\n [\n -4.55108642578125,\n 15.493385656382307\n ],\n [\n -4.55108642578125,\n 14.98193315445839\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cappelle, Julien","contributorId":71440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappelle","given":"Julien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaidet, Nicolas","contributorId":37601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaidet","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, S. A.","contributorId":22556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":196611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":199129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fofana, Bouba","contributorId":295743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fofana","given":"Bouba","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilbert, Marius","contributorId":61148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Marius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70207642,"text":"70207642 - null - Using indirect methods to constrain symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates: A case study from an Amazonian rain forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T10:31:59","indexId":"70207642","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T10:15:44","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using indirect methods to constrain symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates: A case study from an Amazonian rain forest","docAbstract":"Human activities have profoundly altered the global nitrogen (N) cycle. Increases in anthropogenic N have had multiple effects on the atmosphere, on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, and even on human health. Unfortunately, methodological limitations challenge our ability to directly measure natural N inputs via biological N fixation (BNF)-the largest natural source of new N to ecosystems. This confounds efforts to quantify the extent of anthropogenic perturbation to the N cycle. To address this gap, we used a pair of indirect methods-analytical modeling and N balance-to generate independent estimates of BNF in a presumed hotspot of N fixation, a tropical rain forest site in central Rondônia in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Our objectives were to attempt to constrain symbiotic N fixation rates in this site using indirect methods, and to assess strengths and weaknesses of this approach by looking for areas of convergence and disagreement between the estimates. This approach yielded two remarkably similar estimates of N fixation. However, when compared to a previously published bottom-up estimate, our analysis indicated much lower N inputs via symbiotic BNF in the Rondônia site than has been suggested for the tropics as a whole. This discrepancy may reflect errors associated with extrapolating bottom-up fluxes from plot-scale measures, those resulting from the indirect analyses, and/or the relatively low abundance of legumes at the Rondônia site. While indirect methods have some limitations, we suggest that until the technological challenges of directly measuring N fixation are overcome, integrated approaches that employ a combination of model-generated and empirically-derived data offer a promising way of constraining N inputs via BNF in natural ecosystems.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-009-9392-y","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, C., Houlton , B., Neill, C., Reed, S.C., Wang, Y., and Townsend, A., Using indirect methods to constrain symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates: A case study from an Amazonian rain forest: Biogeochemistry, v. 99, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9392-y.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9392-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Amazonian rain forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -60.8642578125,\n 8.624472107633936\n ],\n [\n -63.06152343750001,\n 7.013667927566642\n ],\n [\n -64.3359375,\n 7.36246686553575\n ],\n [\n -66.4453125,\n 7.449624260197816\n ],\n [\n -68.291015625,\n 5.090944175033399\n ],\n [\n -72.8173828125,\n 3.425691524418062\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 2.3723687086440504\n ],\n [\n -78.2666015625,\n -1.7575368113083125\n ],\n [\n -79.0576171875,\n -5.266007882805485\n ],\n [\n -76.552734375,\n -9.622414142924805\n ],\n [\n -73.6962890625,\n -13.025965926333539\n ],\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n -12.983147716796566\n ],\n [\n -68.3349609375,\n -16.003575733881313\n ],\n [\n -59.9853515625,\n -16.13026201203474\n ],\n [\n -55.06347656249999,\n -16.214674588248542\n ],\n [\n -50.625,\n -8.971897294083014\n ],\n [\n -48.8671875,\n -2.5040852618529215\n ],\n [\n -48.3837890625,\n -0.21972602392080884\n ],\n [\n -51.591796875,\n 4.477856485570586\n ],\n [\n -56.99707031249999,\n 6.053161295714067\n ],\n [\n -60.8642578125,\n 8.624472107633936\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, C.C.","contributorId":62387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houlton , B.Z. ","contributorId":221564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houlton ","given":"B.Z. ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neill, C","contributorId":221565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neill","given":"C","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Y","contributorId":221568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Y","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Townsend, A.R.","contributorId":16631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70256005,"text":"70256005 - null - Simulation of the long term radiometric responses of the Terra MODIS and EO-1 ALI using Hyperion spectral responses over Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-12T14:32:29.122156","indexId":"70256005","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-04T09:23:35","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of the long term radiometric responses of the Terra MODIS and EO-1 ALI using Hyperion spectral responses over Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN)","docAbstract":"The Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion instrument provides 220 spectral bands with wavelengths between 400 and 2500 nm at 30 m spatial resolution, which covers a 7.5 km by 100 km area on the ground. The EO-1 spacecraft has another multispectral sensor called the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), which has 10 spectral bands with wavelengths between 400 and 2350 nm at 30 m spatial resolution. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard the Terra spacecraft was launched in Dec., 1999, and flies approximately 30 minutes behind EO-1. Nearsimultaneous observations from Terra MODIS, EO-1 ALI and Hyperion over a well characterized Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN) target are chosen for this study. A uniform region of interest (ROI) within the playa within latitudes and longitudes of 38.48 and -115.71 to 38.53 and -115.66 was chosen for this analysis. A representation of the ground spectra during every near-simultaneous acquisition of MODIS and ALI is obtained using EO-1 Hyperion data. Using the EO-1 Hyperion derived top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance profile along with the ALI and MODIS relative spectral responses (RSR), simulated reflectance for the matching band pairs is calculated. The Hyperion simulated TOA reflectance results are compared to the measured TOA reflectance trends of ALI and MODIS. The long-term measured versus simulated reflectance results are used to examine the relationships and calibration differences between the ALI and MODIS sensors.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE 7862, Earth observing missions and sensors: Development, implementation, and characterization","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Missions and Sensors: Development, Implementation, and Characterization","conferenceDate":"October 11-14, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Incheon, Republic of Korea","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)","doi":"10.1117/12.868963","usgsCitation":"Choi, T., Xiong, X., Angal, A., and Chander, G., Simulation of the long term radiometric responses of the Terra MODIS and EO-1 ALI using Hyperion spectral responses over Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN), in Proceedings of SPIE 7862, Earth observing missions and sensors: Development, implementation, and characterization, v. 7862, Incheon, Republic of Korea, October 11-14, 2010, 78620H, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.868963.","productDescription":"78620H, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7862","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, Taeyoung","contributorId":146955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"Taeyoung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":906334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xiong, Xiaoxiong","contributorId":15088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"Xiaoxiong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":906335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angal, Amit","contributorId":67394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angal","given":"Amit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":906336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":906337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273254,"text":"70273254 - null - An empirical algorithm for estimating agricultural and riparian evapotranspiration using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and ground measurements of ET. II. Application to the lower Colorado River, U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T16:00:36.737075","indexId":"70273254","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-20T09:55:13","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical algorithm for estimating agricultural and riparian evapotranspiration using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and ground measurements of ET. II. Application to the lower Colorado River, U.S.","docAbstract":"Large quantities of water are consumed by irrigated crops and riparian vegetation in western U.S. irrigation districts. Remote sensing methods for estimating evaporative water losses by soil and vegetation (evapotranspiration, ET) over wide river stretches are needed to allocate water for agricultural and environmental needs. We used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite to scale ET over agricultural and riparian areas along the Lower Colorado River in the southwestern U.S., using a linear regression equation between ET of riparian plants and alfalfa measured on the ground, and meteorological and remote sensing data, with an error or uncertainty of about 20%. The algorithm was applied to irrigation districts and riparian areas from Lake Mead to the U.S./Mexico border. The results for agricultural crops were similar to results produced by crop coefficients developed for the irrigation districts along the river. However, riparian ET was only half as great as crop coefficient estimates set by expert opinion, equal to about 40% of reference crop evapotranspiration. Based on reported acreages in 2007, agricultural crops (146,473 ha) consumed 2.2 × 109 m3 yr−1 of water. All riparian shrubs and trees (47,014 ha) consumed 3.8 × 108 m3 yr−1, of which saltcedar, the dominant riparian shrub (25,044 ha), consumed 1.8 × 108 m3 yr−1, about 1% of the annual flow of the river. This method could supplement existing protocols for estimating ET by providing an estimate based on the actual state of the canopy as determined by frequent-return satellite data.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs1041125","usgsCitation":"Murray, R.S., Nagler, P.L., Morino, K., and Glenn, E., An empirical algorithm for estimating agricultural and riparian evapotranspiration using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and ground measurements of ET. II. Application to the lower Colorado River, U.S.: Remote Sensing, v. 1, no. 4, p. 1125-1138, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041125.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1125","endPage":"1138","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"lower Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.8813192791255,\n 36.97080066185404\n ],\n [\n -116.96456312629869,\n 36.97080066185404\n ],\n [\n -116.96456312629869,\n 32.699643980926254\n ],\n [\n -110.8813192791255,\n 32.699643980926254\n ],\n [\n -110.8813192791255,\n 36.97080066185404\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R. Scott","contributorId":64468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273164,"text":"70273164 - null - Synthesis of ground and remote sensing data for monitoring ecosystem functions in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-17T16:26:52.40872","indexId":"70273164","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-27T10:18:01","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of ground and remote sensing data for monitoring ecosystem functions in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico","docAbstract":"The delta of the Colorado River in Mexico supports a rich mix of estuarine, wetland and riparian ecosystems that provide habitat for over 350 species of birds as well as fish, marine mammals, and other wildlife. An important part of the delta ecosystem is the riparian corridor, which is supported by agricultural return flows and waste spills of water originating in the U.S. and Mexico. These flows may be curtailed in the future due to climate change and changing land use practices (out-of-basin water transfers, increased agricultural efficiency, and more optimal management of dams) in the U.S. and Mexico, and resource managers need to monitor the effects of their water management practices on these ecosystems. We developed ground-validated, remote sensing methods to monitor the vegetation status, habitat value, and water use of wetland and riparian ecosystems using multi-temporal, multi-resolution images. The integrated methodology allowed us to project species composition, leaf area index, fractional cover, habitat value, and evapotranspiration over seasons and years throughout the delta, in response to variable water flows from the U.S. to Mexico. Waste spills of water from the U.S. have regenerated native cottonwood and willow trees in the riparian corridor and created backwater and marsh areas that support birds and other wildlife. However, the main source of water supporting the riparian vegetation is the regional aquifer recharged by underflow from U.S. and Mexico irrigation districts. Native trees have a short half-life in the riparian zone due to human-set fires and harvesting for timber. Active management, monitoring, and restoration programs are needed to maintain the habitat value of this ecosystem for the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.018","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Glenn, E., and Hinojosa-Huera, O., Synthesis of ground and remote sensing data for monitoring ecosystem functions in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 7, p. 1473-1485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1473","endPage":"1485","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.7360144715991,\n 32.519626708379434\n ],\n [\n -115.38432903382771,\n 32.488742820889456\n ],\n [\n -115.13525903251964,\n 31.663178387787312\n ],\n [\n -114.51990961752253,\n 31.644472894515545\n ],\n [\n -114.7360144715991,\n 32.519626708379434\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinojosa-Huera, Osvel","contributorId":339751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinojosa-Huera","given":"Osvel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24640,"text":"Pronatura Noroeste","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236406,"text":"70236406 - null - Modeling of wave driven circulation and water quality in nearshore environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T15:07:20.521719","indexId":"70236406","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T10:02:21","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling of wave driven circulation and water quality in nearshore environments","docAbstract":"In order to investigate the effects of nearshore discharges of water quality degrading substances and bacteria in coastal environments, models capable of predicting nearshore circulation due to local wave and tide conditions are required. One of the larger challenges to nearshore coastal modeling is accurately reproducing nearshore circulation due to wave action. Local wave action not only drives circulation through processes such as longshore transport and rip currents, but also contributes significantly to the mixing of water quality constituents. In the present work, a wave model was used to calculate radiation shear stresses and dissipation due to wave action. The shear stresses and dissipation were incorporated into a hydrodynamic model to force circulation in the nearshore environment. The model was applied to a site in Santa Cruz, CA where site specific current data was available. The model reproduces the nearshore current structure observed in the region and was used to study the transport of dredge disposal plumes in the region which could have deleterious effects on local beaches. This presentation will outline the nearshore circulation model development and application.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2008 world environmental and water resources congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008","conferenceDate":"May 12-16, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/9780784409763","usgsCitation":"Jones, C., and Angster, S.J., Modeling of wave driven circulation and water quality in nearshore environments, in Proceedings of the 2008 world environmental and water resources congress, Honolulu, HI, May 12-16, 2008, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784409763.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Craig","contributorId":208632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Craig","affiliations":[{"id":37853,"text":"Integral Constulting Inc., Santa Cruz, California, UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angster, Stephen J. 0000-0001-9250-8415 sangster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-8415","contributorId":3885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angster","given":"Stephen","email":"sangster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":850909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70273251,"text":"70273251 - null - Relationship between remotely-sensed vegetation indices, canopy attributes and plant physiological processes: What vegetation indices can and cannot tell us about the landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T15:33:23.073849","indexId":"70273251","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-28T09:13:57","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between remotely-sensed vegetation indices, canopy attributes and plant physiological processes: What vegetation indices can and cannot tell us about the landscape","docAbstract":"Vegetation indices (VIs) are among the oldest tools in remote sensing studies. Although many variations exist, most of them ratio the reflection of light in the red and NIR sections of the spectrum to separate the landscape into water, soil, and vegetation. Theoretical analyses and field studies have shown that VIs are near-linearly related to photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by a plant canopy, and therefore to light-dependent physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, occurring in the upper canopy. Practical studies have used time-series VIs to measure primary production and evapotranspiration, but these are limited in accuracy to that of the data used in ground truthing or calibrating the models used. VIs are also used to estimate a wide variety of other canopy attributes that are used in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT), Surface Energy Balance (SEB), and Global Climate Models (GCM). These attributes include fractional vegetation cover, leaf area index, roughness lengths for turbulent transfer, emissivity and albedo. However, VIs often exhibit only moderate, non-linear relationships to these canopy attributes, compromising the accuracy of the models. We use case studies to illustrate the use and misuse of VIs, and argue for using VIs most simply as a measurement of canopy light absorption rather than as a surrogate for detailed features of canopy architecture. Used this way, VIs are compatible with “Big Leaf” SVAT and GCMs that assume that canopy carbon and moisture fluxes have the same relative response to the environment as any single leaf, simplifying the task of modeling complex landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/s8042136","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Huete, A.R., Nagler, P.L., and Nelson, S.G., Relationship between remotely-sensed vegetation indices, canopy attributes and plant physiological processes: What vegetation indices can and cannot tell us about the landscape: Sensors, v. 8, no. 4, p. 2136-2160, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8042136.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"2136","endPage":"2160","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8042136","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.46320466185165,\n 34.705992498069406\n ],\n [\n -114.398916590966,\n 34.73603912838132\n ],\n [\n -114.53190465917093,\n 34.97188700395952\n ],\n [\n -114.64409364561838,\n 34.905752361774034\n ],\n [\n -114.54892208969932,\n 34.76089704626571\n ],\n [\n -114.46320466185165,\n 34.705992498069406\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo R","contributorId":243589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":48742,"text":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Stephen G.","contributorId":174719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205983,"text":"70205983 - null - Characterizing the two-dimensional thermal conductivity distribution in a sand and gravel aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-14T14:38:34","indexId":"70205983","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-14T14:38:13","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing the two-dimensional thermal conductivity distribution in a sand and gravel aquifer","docAbstract":"Both hydrologic and thermal transport properties play a significant role in the movement of heat through permeable sedimentary material; however, the thermal conductivity is rarely characterized in detailed spatial resolution. As part of a study of the movement of thermal plumes through a sand and gravel aquifer, we have constructed a two-dimensional profile of thermal conductivity. This work consisted of: (i) measuring the thermal conductivity of the soil solids, λs, for the main stratigraphic units using the steady-state divided-bar apparatus and estimating conductivity from mineral composition; (ii) measuring the volumetric water content and porosity using crosshole ground-penetrating radar; (iii) evaluating four models used to predict the apparent thermal conductivity, λ, of variably saturated soils and selecting the best model using the information-theoretic approach, (iv) calculating the λ field on a 0.25-m square cell grid using measured data and the selected model, and (v) simulating thermal transport within the two-dimensional domain using a finite element numerical model. The apparent thermal conductivity in the saturated aquifer ranges from 2.14 to 2.69 W m−1 K−1 with a mean of 2.42 W m−1 K−1 Numerical simulations show that the heterogeneous thermal conductivity field results in increased thermal dispersion that is most pronounced at the plume front. Our values for λ and λs may be used for glacial soils with similar mineralogy and texture. Our methods may also be used at other sites to construct the thermal conductivity distribution.
","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2005.0293","usgsCitation":"Markle, J.M., Schincariol, R.A., Sass, J., and Molson, J.W., Characterizing the two-dimensional thermal conductivity distribution in a sand and gravel aquifer: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 70, no. 4, p. 1281-1294, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0293.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1294","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Tricks Creek Watershed ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 43.52266348752663\n ],\n [\n -81.6998291015625,\n 43.52266348752663\n ],\n [\n -81.6998291015625,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 43.52266348752663\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markle, Jeff M.","contributorId":219782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markle","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schincariol, Robert A.","contributorId":219783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schincariol","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":773166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Molson, John W.","contributorId":219784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70263458,"text":"70263458 - null - Development of stochastic modeling systems using deterministic models and GIS: Principles and a case study in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-11T16:55:21.741843","indexId":"70263458","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-01T10:49:02","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of stochastic modeling systems using deterministic models and GIS: Principles and a case study in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica","docAbstract":"The most important requirements for large-area environmental modeling are a tight integration between models and data, and a close match of the spatial scale at which the model is developed with the scale at which the model is to be applied. To better match the scale of data with that of the model, we propose a set of principles for the development of stochastic modeling systems based on linkage of deterministic models with GIS data. For modeling purposes, a region is usually rasterized into cells and the environmental conditions of those cells are specified by ranges or classes using GIS data layers. It is not necessary to simulate each and every GIS cell in the study area because many cells may have similar environmental conditions and can be grouped together to form cohorts. We define a cohort as the assembly of the cells sharing a unique combination of environmental conditions within the study region. Multiple model simulations can be performed for any given cohort. For each simulation, some of the parameter values can be randomly generated within the specified environmental conditions of the cohort according to a certain statistical distribution which, in turn, can be specified by GIS data layers. By this method the variance and covariance of environmental variables in space and time are integrated into the simulation processes with these modeling systems to make full use of the available data and to assess the uncertainties of the simulated results. An integrated simulation system between CENTURY model and GIS was developed to demonstrate the value of the concepts imbedded in stochastic simulation systems for large area studies.
","conferenceTitle":"4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GIS/EM4)","conferenceDate":"September 2-8, 2000","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Reiners, W.A., Gerow, K.G., Schimel, D.S., and Keller, M., Development of stochastic modeling systems using deterministic models and GIS: Principles and a case study in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica, 4th International Conference on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling (GIS/EM4), Banff, Alberta, Canada, September 2-8, 2000, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6133520275848,\n 9.499325548625436\n ],\n [\n -82.44230009071387,\n 9.73121764978167\n ],\n [\n -83.54701051633626,\n 11.16801392273345\n ],\n [\n -83.68242663302513,\n 10.951175271798036\n ],\n [\n -83.66104514091643,\n 10.78319089811086\n ],\n [\n -84.16707378749192,\n 10.566072375621317\n ],\n [\n -83.7038081251345,\n 9.604750752776496\n ],\n [\n -82.88418426096321,\n 9.506354909569495\n ],\n [\n -82.6133520275848,\n 9.499325548625436\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiners, William A.","contributorId":147117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reiners","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerow, Kenneth G.","contributorId":49672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerow","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schimel, David S","contributorId":267312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":55473,"text":"Jep Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keller, Michael","contributorId":42681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70267836,"text":"ofr2000130 - null - Alaska resource data file: Chignak quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-10T14:35:52.992213","indexId":"ofr2000130","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-08T08:34:51","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-130","title":"Alaska resource data file: Chignak quadrangle","doi":"10.3133/ofr2000130","issn":"0094-9140","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0130/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":489513,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0130/ofr00130.pdf"}],"publishedDate":"2003-01-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70206346,"text":"70206346 - null - Integrated geophysical characterization of the Winthrop Landfill Southern Flow Path, Winthrop, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-31T07:46:54","indexId":"70206346","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T17:03:47","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrated geophysical characterization of the Winthrop Landfill Southern Flow Path, Winthrop, Maine","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with United Technologies Corporation, used an integrated suite of borehole, surface, and water-borne geophysical methods near the site of the former Winthrop Landfill, Winthrop, Maine, to investigate the hydrogeology controlling the transport of leachate from the landfill to nearby Annabessacook Lake. During the fall of 2000 and summer of 2001, the USGS conducted borehole electromagnetic (EM) induction and gamma logging, and inductive terrain-conductivity, two-dimensional (2D) resistivity, continuous seismic reflection, and magnetic surveys.
The objectives of this integrated geophysical study were to provide constraints on the location and extent of the southern flow path(s) of contamination from the landfill to the lake; identify shoreline seep geophysical signatures; identify potentially hidden seeps in the lake; and determine depth to bedrock below Annabessacook Lake in the study area.
Interpretation of surface 2D resistivity, magnetic, and inductive terrain-conductivity data and borehole EM logs delineates an electrically conductive anomaly consistent with a leachate plume moving from the current landfill boundary southward through the overburden to the shores of Annabessacook Lake. Surface and borehole geophysical data collected south and southeast of the landfill indicate the presence of discrete, shallow conductive anomalies at the southeastern edge of the landfill and near the lakeshore. The conductive anomalies appear at increasing depths closer to the lake. Magnetic anomalies offshore confirm the presence of iron-rich landfill leachate discharging into the lake south of the landfill. High-resolution swept-frequency seismic data used to map sediment and grain size distribution in the lake sub-bottom along the shoreline identified sediment-infilled bedrock lows that may act as conduits for contaminant migration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems","conferenceDate":"February 10-14, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","usgsCitation":"Dawson, C.B., Lane, J., White, E.A., and Belaval, M., Integrated geophysical characterization of the Winthrop Landfill Southern Flow Path, Winthrop, Maine, in Proceedings: Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems, Las Vegas, NV, February 10-14, 2002, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/bgas/publications/SAGEEP02_13ESC6/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Winthrop","otherGeospatial":"Winthrop Landfill","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.9964714050293,\n 44.269419395641016\n ],\n [\n -69.9580192565918,\n 44.269419395641016\n ],\n [\n -69.9580192565918,\n 44.31561943401762\n ],\n [\n -69.9964714050293,\n 44.31561943401762\n ],\n [\n -69.9964714050293,\n 44.269419395641016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Cian B. cbdawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Cian","email":"cbdawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":774239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belaval, Marcel 0000-0002-4049-6798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-6798","contributorId":207205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belaval","given":"Marcel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37476,"text":"U.S. EPA, Region 1","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204765,"text":"70204765 - null - Vegetation pattern on channel features in the Passage Creek Gorge, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-14T10:53:25","indexId":"70204765","displayToPublicDate":"1983-08-14T10:46:13","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1195,"text":"Castanea","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation pattern on channel features in the Passage Creek Gorge, Virginia","docAbstract":"Persistent distribution patterns of woody vegetation within the bottomland forest of Passage Creek, Virginia, were related to fluvial landforms, channel geometry, streamflow characteristics, and sediment-size characteristics. Vegetation patterns were determined from species presence as observed in transects and traverses on landforms developed along the stream. Distinct species distributional patterns were found on four common fluvial geomorphic landforms: depositional bar, active-channel shelf, floodplain, and terrace. Independent hydrologic characteristics (flow duration and flood frequency) were determined for each of the landforms. Vegetation data were analyzed by binary discriminant analysis, principal components analysis, and detrended correspondence analysis. Results and related field observations suggest that certain species are significantly associated with specific fluvial landforms. Vegetation patterns appear to develop more as a result of hydrologic processes associated with each fluvial landform rather than from sediment-size characteristics. Flood disturbance may be an important factor in maintaining the vegetation patterns, which may therefore be used as indicators for particular hydrogeomorphic site conditions.
Many of Puerto Rico's beaches are eroding, and though rates of erosion vary, it is a major concern for the tourism and residential development industries. More than 85 percent of the population lives within 7 kilometers of the coast and they are heavily dependent on tourists that are attracted by the island's beaches and coral reefs. High-quality scientific data are needed to help formulate public policy regarding residential and commercial construction along the coast, beach replenishment, and future use of marine resources. Scientists have long recognized that the causes of coastal land loss are not limited to a relative rise in sea level, but can be manmade as well. For example, sediment supply to beaches especially along the north shore of Puerto Rico has been strongly affected by upstream river channeling, dam construction, various agricultural practices, paving and urbanization, as well as shallow-water oceanographic processes. The response to coastal erosion in Puerto Rico has been mostly crisis based leading to engineered solutions that have a negative effect on the coastal environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70182009","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R.W., Sand and gravel resources of Puerto Rico, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70182009.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335455,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/sand-gravel/","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"},{"id":335463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto 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