A biological indicator of mesotrophic conditions should (1) provide an appropriate and interpretable objective; (2) be achievable if corrective measures are taken (i.e., it should be within the expected environmental range of the system); and (3) allow measurement of progress toward the objective. Historical data from the Great Lakes suggest that population density of the burrowing mayfly, Hexagenia limbata, could provide an appropriate objective, and that the tubificid oligochaete community can be used to evaluate progress toward that objective. Finally, data from other systems show thatHexagenia can return to locations where it was formerly abundant, and therefore is an attainable objective for formerly mesotrophic ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(89)71520-3","usgsCitation":"Reynoldson, T.B., Schloesser, D.W., and Manny, B.A., 1989, Development of a benthic invertebrate objective for mesotrophic Great Lakes waters: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 15, no. 4, p. 669-686, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(89)71520-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"686","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynoldson, Trefor B.","contributorId":42177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynoldson","given":"Trefor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000576,"text":"1000576 - 1989 - Side-scan sonar mapping of lake trout spawning habitat in northern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T08:35:32","indexId":"1000576","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Side-scan sonar mapping of lake trout spawning habitat in northern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"The addition of moisture (water) to a diet had no positive effect on the weight gain of fingerlings of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Moisture additions up to 30% actually reduced weight gain by up to 10%. Diet moisture level is not the primary factor in the acceptability of some moist and semimoist rations by Atlantic salmon or in the growth of these fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1989)051%3C0020:EODMLO%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1989, Effect of dietary moisture level on response to diet by Atlantic salmon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 51, no. 1, p. 20-23, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1989)051%3C0020:EODMLO%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003430,"text":"1003430 - 1989 - Movements of striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, tagged in Everglades National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:20","indexId":"1003430","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements of striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, tagged in Everglades National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"The movements of striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, were studied from fish tagged in Everglades National Park. Florida. A total of 16,604 fish were tagged from March 1984 to September 1985. During the period December 1984 through February 1985 recaptured tagged fish moved significantly further and more northerly out of the Park's waters than they did the rest of the year. Tags were returned from 2.8% of the fish tagged along the west coast and from 0.3% of the fish tagged in Florida Bay and west coast mullet form a series of spatially overlapping stocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Funicelli, N., Meineke, D., Bryant, H., Dewey, M.R., Ludwig, G., and Mengel, L., 1989, Movements of striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, tagged in Everglades National Park, Florida: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 44, no. 1, p. 171-178.","productDescription":"pp. 171-178","startPage":"171","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funicelli, N.A.","contributorId":13573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funicelli","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meineke, D.A.","contributorId":30178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meineke","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryant, H.E.","contributorId":77092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, M. R.","contributorId":48908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ludwig, G.M.","contributorId":70721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mengel, L.S.","contributorId":52119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengel","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":2681,"text":"wsp2234J - 1989 - Nitrogen dynamics in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, water years 1979-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T21:11:03.943038","indexId":"wsp2234J","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"J","title":"Nitrogen dynamics in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, water years 1979-81","docAbstract":"On an annual basis, river-supplied nitrate is the predominant form of nitrogen supplied to the tidal Potomac River from external sources. Much of the nitrate is associated with high flows that have rapid transit times through the tidal river. The Blue Plains Sewage-Treatment Plant (STP) at Washington, D.C., is the greatest source of all nitrogen species during low-flow periods. Prior to the fall of 1980, ammonia concentrations in depth-integrated, composited water samples were greatest (more than 1.00 mg/L (milligram per liter) as nitrogen) during summer periods near Alexandria, Va., because of loading from the nearby Blue Plains STP and reduced river discharge. After the fall of 1980, initiation of advanced wastewater treatment at the Blue Plains STP reduced ammonia loading to the river by 90 percent and increased nitrate loading by a similar percentage. As a result, concentrations of ammonia during the 1981 low-flow period were less than 0.20 mg/L as nitrogen at Alexandria, while nitrate concentrations were greater than 1.50 mg/L as nitrogen. Concentrations of ammonia and nitrate at Alexandria were shown to be reasonably predictable by use of a simple dilution model that considers only loading from Chain Bridge and the Blue Plains STP. This apparently is the result of the short residence time through the Chain Bridge-to-Alexandria section of the tidal Potomac River, which precludes significant biological alterations. In marked contrast, the residence times of water parcels in the tidal Potomac River from Alexandria to Quantico, Va., are much greater because of the geometry of the reach. Biological nitrogen-cycle transformation processes affect nitrogen-species concentrations to a greater extent in this reach, especially during summer low-flow periods. Mass-balance calculations that separate changes in transport mass from biological transformations indicatethat the tidal Potomac River was a net sink for all the nitrogen constituents during the 1980 and 1981 summer low-flow periods. However, during the 1980-81 winter period, some ammonia and nitrate was transported out of the tidal Potomac River into the transition zone. Despite the reduced availability of ammonia, nitrogen-15 uptake studies showed that phytoplankton preferred ammonia to nitrate unless ammonia concentrations were less than 0.10 mg/L as nitrogen. Nitrification-rate studies during 1981 using a carbon-14 uptake technique indicate that rates did not vary with sample location, except for one sample from the head of the tidal river, where the rates were much higher. The numbers of Nitrobacter bacteria were highest in samples from near the Blue Plains STP and were greater than the numbers of Nitrosomonas bacteria. The predominance of Nitrobacter bacteria seemed to be associated with advanced wastewater treatment at the Blue Plains STP. Before advanced wastewater treatment, Nitrosomonas were numerically predominant and had the largest numbers near the Blue Plains STP. These results could be due to (1) loading of nitrifying bacteria in the Blue Plains sewage effluent that had been inhibited from further growth by an inhibitory substance or (2) the method used to measure nitrification rates, which measured only the ammonia oxidation stage; it is not possible to reject either mechanism on the basis of the data available. Process models were used in conjunction with mass-balance determinations and individual process studies to estimate rates of processes that were not directly measured. It is estimated that denitrification removed 10 times as much nitrate from the water column during the summer of 1981 as during the summer of 1980. Sedimentation of particulate nitrogen is estimated to be the largest sink for nitrogen from the water column and was approximately equal to the external annual loading of all nitrogen constituents on a daily basis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234J","usgsCitation":"Shultz, D.J., 1989, Nitrogen dynamics in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, water years 1979-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, vii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234J.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415891,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25398.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.2072200050025,\n 37.83634645818209\n ],\n [\n -76.2072200050025,\n 39.05175633806698\n ],\n [\n -77.4715913845413,\n 39.05175633806698\n ],\n [\n -77.4715913845413,\n 37.83634645818209\n ],\n [\n -76.2072200050025,\n 37.83634645818209\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shultz, David J.","contributorId":35324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26496,"text":"wri884219 - 1989 - An investigation of shallow ground-water quality near East Fork Poplar Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T20:18:11.557459","indexId":"wri884219","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4219","title":"An investigation of shallow ground-water quality near East Fork Poplar Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Alluvial soils of the flood plain of East Fork Poplar Creek in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, are contaminated with mercury and other metals, organic compounds, and radio-nuclides originating from the Y-12 Plant, a nuclear-processing facility located within the U.S. Department of Energy 's Oak Ridge Reservation. Observation wells were installed in the shallow aquifer of the flood plain, and water quality samples were collected to determine if contaminants are present in the shallow groundwater. Groundwater in the shallow aquifer occurs under water-table conditions. Recharge is primarily from precipitation and discharge is to East Fork Poplar Creek. Groundwater levels fluctuate seasonally in response to variations in recharge and evapotranspiration. During extremely dry periods, the water table drops below the base of the shallow aquifer in some flood-plain areas. Contaminants found in water samples from several of the wells in concentrations which equaled or exceeded drinking-water standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are antimony, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, phenols, and strontium-90. Total and dissolved uranium concentrations exceeded the analytical detection limit in nearly 70% of the wells in the flood plain. The results of water quality determinations demonstrate that elevated concentrations of most trace metals (and possibly organic compounds and radionuclides) were caused by contaminated sediments in the samples. The presence of contaminated sediment in samples is suspected to be the result of borehole contamination during well installation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884219","usgsCitation":"Carmichael, J.K., 1989, An investigation of shallow ground-water quality near East Fork Poplar Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4219, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884219.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_88_4219.jpg"},{"id":414497,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47116.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2087,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri88-4219","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Oak Ridge","otherGeospatial":"East Fork Poplar Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.3,\n 36.0181\n ],\n [\n -84.3,\n 35.9806\n ],\n [\n -84.2444,\n 35.9806\n ],\n [\n -84.2444,\n 36.0181\n ],\n [\n -84.3,\n 36.0181\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684245","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16021,"text":"ofr87217 - 1989 - Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T18:30:02.633611","indexId":"ofr87217","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-217","title":"Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for Chester County, Pennsylvania are given for 3,010 wells and 32 springs. Water levels are given for 48 observation wells measured monthly during 1936-86. Chemical analyses of ground water are given for major ions, physical properties, nutrients, metals and other trace constituents, volatile organic compounds, acid organic compounds, base-neutral organic compounds, organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated napthalenes, organophosphorous insecticides, organic acid herbicides, triazine herbicides, other organic compounds, and radionuclides.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87217","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 1989, Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-217, Report: iv, 198 p.; 2 Plates: 46.88 x 29.11 inches and 57.39 x 32.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87217.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 198 p.; 2 Plates: 46.88 x 29.11 inches and 57.39 x 32.02 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":172107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20070,"text":"ofr89563 - 1989 - Analytical results for ten water-extractable ions from B-horizon soils on St. Thomas and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and K-Ar ages for seven rocks from St. John and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T21:11:00.841197","indexId":"ofr89563","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr89563","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J.B., Tucker, R.E., and Alminas, H.V., 1989, Analytical results for ten water-extractable ions from B-horizon soils on St. Thomas and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and K-Ar ages for seven rocks from St. John and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-563, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89563.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414508,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17721.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0563/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153605,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0563/report-thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.91492658697186,\n 17.789936838842877\n ],\n [\n -64.91492658697186,\n 17.665525136535422\n ],\n [\n -64.56613328494335,\n 17.665525136535422\n ],\n [\n -64.56613328494335,\n 17.789936838842877\n ],\n [\n -64.91492658697186,\n 17.789936838842877\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.65,\n 18.3765628980681\n ],\n [\n -64.79920519145531,\n 18.3765628980681\n ],\n [\n -64.79920519145531,\n 18.294242756187813\n ],\n [\n -64.65,\n 18.294242756187813\n ],\n [\n -64.65,\n 18.3765628980681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.04663104284987,\n 18.390870721801974\n ],\n [\n -65.04663104284987,\n 18.29215530960927\n ],\n [\n -64.83318371902449,\n 18.29215530960927\n ],\n [\n -64.83318371902449,\n 18.390870721801974\n ],\n [\n -65.04663104284987,\n 18.390870721801974\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, R. E.","contributorId":50520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alminas, H. V.","contributorId":83926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alminas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85373,"text":"85373 - 1989 - Vegetation of wetlands of the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T12:51:53","indexId":"85373","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Vegetation of wetlands of the prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"Five themes dominate the literature dealing with the vegetation of palustrine and lacustrine wetlands of the prairie pothole region: environmental conditions (water or moisture regime, salinity), agricultural disturbances (draining, grazing, burning, sedimentation, etc.), vegetation dynamics, zonation patterns, and classification of the wetlands.The flora of a prairie wetland is a function of its water regime, salinity, and disturbance by man. Within a pothole, water depth and duration determines distribution of species. In potholes deep enough to have standing water even during droughts, the central zone will be dominated by submersed species (open water). In wetlands that go dry during periods of drought or annually, the central zone will be dominated by either tall emergent species (deep marsh) or midheight emergents (shallow marsh), respectively. Potholes that are only flooded briefly in the spring are dominated by grasses, sedges, and forbs (wet meadow). Within a pothole, the depth of standing water in the deepest, usually central, part of the basin determines how many zones will be present. Lists of species associated with different water regimes and salinity levels are presented.Disturbances due to agricultural activities have impacted wetlands throughout the region. Drainage has eliminated many potholes, particularly in the southern and eastern parts of the region. Grazing, mowing, and burning have altered the composition of pothole vegetation. The composition of different vegetation types impacted by grazing, haying, and cultivation is presented in a series of tables. Indirect impacts of agriculture (increased sediment, nutrient, and pesticide inputs) are widespread over the region, but their impacts on the vegetation have never been studied.Because of the periodic droughts and wet periods, many palustrine and lacustrine wetlands undergo vegetation cycles associated with water-level changes produced by these wet-dry cycles. Periods of above normal precipitation can raise water levels high enough to drown out emergent vegetation or produce 'eat outs' due to increases in the size of muskrat populations that accompany periods of high water. The elimination of emergents creates a lake marsh dominated by submersed vegetation. During the next drought when the marsh bottom is exposed by receding water levels (a drawdown), seeds of emergents and mudflat annuals in the soil (the seed bank) germinate (the dry marsh stage). When the marsh refloods, ending the dry marsh stage, the emergents survive and spread vegetatively. This is the regenerating marsh. This stage continues until high water again eliminates the emergents, starting the next degenerating stage.Zonation patterns are conspicuous because each zone often is dominated by a single species that has a lifeform different from those in adjacent zones. The species composition of each zone is a function of its environment (water or moisture regime, salinity, and disturbance history). Within a zone it may take a year or more for species composition to adjust to a change of environmental conditions. These lags sometimes result in abnormal zonation patterns, particularly after a change in water level.Classification of prairie wetlands is more difficult than for most other wetland type, because of these vegetation cycles. Early attempts to classify prairie wetlands did not take the dynamic nature of their vegetation into account. Stewart and Kantrud (1971) developed a classification system for prairie potholes that recognized different phases of vegetation zones dominated by deep marsh species. It used the composition of the vegetation in the deepest part (zone) of a pothole as an indicator of its water-level regime and water chemistry. The application of the national wetland classification system of Cowardin et al. (1979) to potholes is also discussed, and lists of species that characterize the various dominance types associated with the subclasses in this system are presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northern prairie wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Iowa State University Press","publisherLocation":"Ames, IA","usgsCitation":"Kantrud, H., Millar, J., and Van Der Valk, A., 1989, Vegetation of wetlands of the prairie pothole region, chap. of Northern prairie wetlands, p. 132-187.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"187","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699807","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"van der Valk, A.","contributorId":111845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Valk","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504446,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millar, J.B.","contributorId":52516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millar","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Der Valk, A.G.","contributorId":27815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Valk","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":7000100,"text":"7000100 - 1989 - Transition 1988: earth science in the public service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T09:18:41","indexId":"7000100","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Transition 1988: earth science in the public service","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000100","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989, Transition 1988: earth science in the public service: General Interest Publication, iv, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000100.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014938,"text":"70014938 - 1989 - Artificial recharge to the Floridan aquifer system, Orlando Area, Central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70014938","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Artificial recharge to the Floridan aquifer system, Orlando Area, Central Florida","docAbstract":"Approximately 400 drainage wells exist in Orange County, central Florida. The rate of recharge through drainage wells is limited by the rate of surface flow to the wells; the hydraulic properties of weirs, overflow pipes, and well casings; or the water level above the top of the casing. The rate commonly is not limited by the hydraulic properties of the very transmissive aquifer system.","conferenceTitle":"Artificial Recharge of Ground Water - Proceedings of the International Symposium","conferenceDate":"23 August 1988 through 27 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627136","usgsCitation":"German, E.R., and Bradner, L.A., 1989, Artificial recharge to the Floridan aquifer system, Orlando Area, Central Florida, Artificial Recharge of Ground Water - Proceedings of the International Symposium, Anaheim, CA, USA, 23 August 1988 through 27 August 1988, p. 360-366.","startPage":"360","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb1e4b0c8380cd49951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"German, E. R.","contributorId":86315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradner, L. A.","contributorId":21925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015504,"text":"70015504 - 1989 - Boron isotopic composition of tourmaline from massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015504","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Boron isotopic composition of tourmaline from massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites","docAbstract":"Boron isotope ratios (11B/10B) have been measured on 60 tourmaline separates from over 40 massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites from a variety of geologic and tectonic settings. The coverage of these localities is global (5 continents) and includes the giant ore bodies at Kidd Creek and Sullivan (Canada), Broken Hill (Australia), and Ducktown (USA). Overall, the tourmalines display a wide range in ??11B values from -22.8 to +18.3??? Possible controls over the boron isotopic composition of the tourmalines include: 1) composition of the boron source, 2) regional metamorphism, 3) water/rock ratios, 4) seawater entrainment, 5) temperature of formation, and 6) secular variations in seawater ??11B. The most significant control appears to be the composition of the boron source, particularly the nature of footwall lithologies; variations in water/ rock ratios and seawater entrainment are of secondary importance. The boron isotope values seem especially sensitive to the presence of evaporites (marine and non-marine) and carbonates in source rocks to the massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites. ?? 1989 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01041751","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Palmer, M.R., and Slack, J.F., 1989, Boron isotopic composition of tourmaline from massive sulfide deposits and tourmalinites: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 103, no. 4, p. 434-451, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01041751.","startPage":"434","endPage":"451","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205453,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041751"}],"volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f221e4b0c8380cd4b011","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, M. R.","contributorId":81256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015552,"text":"70015552 - 1989 - Effect of site conditions on ground motion and damage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-28T16:10:11.176539","indexId":"70015552","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of site conditions on ground motion and damage","docAbstract":"Results of seismologic studies conducted by the U.S. reconnaissance team in conjunction with Soviet colleagues following the tragic earthquakes of December 7, 1988, suggest that site conditions may have been a major factor in contributing to increased damage levels in Leninakan. As the potential severity of these effects in Leninakan had not been previously identified, this chapter presents results intended to provide a preliminary quantification of these effects on both damage and levels of ground motion observed in Leninakan. The article describes the damage distribution geologic setting, ground motion amplification in Leninakan, including analog amplifications and spectral amplifications. Preliminary model estimates for site response are presented. It is concluded that ground motion amplification in the 0.5-2.5-second period range was a major contributing factor to increased damage in Leninakan as compared with Kirovakan. Leninakan is located on thick water saturated alluvial deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.1585233","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R., Glassmoyer, G., Andrews, M., and Cranswick, E., 1989, Effect of site conditions on ground motion and damage: Earthquake Spectra, v. 5, no. 1_suppl, p. 23-42, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585233.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Armenia","state":"Shirak","city":"Gyumri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 43.80043029785156,\n 40.761300880922235\n ],\n [\n 43.847808837890625,\n 40.724364221722716\n ],\n [\n 43.88763427734374,\n 40.75818026660039\n ],\n [\n 43.89244079589844,\n 40.8210843390845\n ],\n [\n 43.83544921875,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n 43.79493713378906,\n 40.805493843894155\n ],\n [\n 43.8079833984375,\n 40.78678041401646\n ],\n [\n 43.797683715820305,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n 43.80043029785156,\n 40.761300880922235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1_suppl","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0607e4b0c8380cd510b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, R. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":83130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glassmoyer, G.","contributorId":62751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, M.","contributorId":10935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cranswick, E.","contributorId":85948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015680,"text":"70015680 - 1989 - Introduction to the hydrogeochemical investigations within the International Stripa Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:43:47.659437","indexId":"70015680","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the hydrogeochemical investigations within the International Stripa Project","docAbstract":"The International Stripa Project (1980-1990) has sponsored hydrogeochemical investigations at several subsurface drillholes in the granitic portion of an abandoned iron ore mine, central Sweden. The purpose has been to advance our understanding of geochemical processes in crystalline bedrock that may affect the safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste repositories. More than a dozen investigators have collected close to a thousand water and gas samples for chemical and isotopic analyses to develop concepts for the behavior of solutes in a granitic repository environment. The Stripa granite is highly radioactive and has provided an exceptional opportunity to study the behavior of natural radionuclides, especially subsurface production. Extensive microfracturing, low permeability with isolated fracture zones of high permeability, unusual water chemistry, and a typical granitic mineral assemblage with thin veins and fracture coatings of calcite, chlorite, seriate, epidote and quartz characterize the site. Preliminary groundwater flow modeling indicates that the mine has perturbed the flow environment to a depth of about 3 km and may have induced deep groundwaters to flow into the mine. ?? 1989.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(89)90293-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., Olsson, T., Carlsson, L., and Fritz, P., 1989, Introduction to the hydrogeochemical investigations within the International Stripa Project: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 53, no. 8, p. 1717-1726, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90293-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1717","endPage":"1726","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dfce4b0c8380cd639f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsson, T.","contributorId":102636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlsson, L.","contributorId":28376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlsson","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritz, P.","contributorId":83673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015340,"text":"70015340 - 1989 - Bias in groundwater samples caused by wellbore flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:38:53.901788","indexId":"70015340","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bias in groundwater samples caused by wellbore flow","docAbstract":"Design of physical installations and sampling procedures for ground-water monitoring networks, particularly for detection and analysis of possible contaminants, is a topic of great scientific and practical interest at the present time. Recent practice in the design of monitoring networks associated with known contaminant sources sometimes includes an array of monitoring wells with long well screens (up to 50 feet or more). Numerical experiments with a detailed three-dimensional ground-water flow model indicate that significant wellbore flow can occur in contaminant monitoring wells with long well screens that are embedded in homogeneous aquifers with very small vertical head differences in the aquifer. This ``short circuiting'' of flow through boreholes should exist at some level on all scales. Consideration of the general flow pattern within the borehole, the flow pattern in the aquifer adjacent to the borehole, and the process of obtaining water samples from the borehole suggests that in many situations the practice of installing long well screens in contaminant monitoring wells should be abandoned.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1989)115:2(270)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., Franke, O.L., and Bennett, G.D., 1989, Bias in groundwater samples caused by wellbore flow: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 115, no. 2, p. 270-276, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1989)115:2(270).","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0d5e4b0c8380cd4a938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franke, O. Lehn","contributorId":63357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lehn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Gordon D.","contributorId":18740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015496,"text":"70015496 - 1989 - Erosion in the juniata river drainage basin, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T13:26:44.23084","indexId":"70015496","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion in the juniata river drainage basin, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Previously calculated erosion rates througouth the Appalachians range from 1.2 to 203 m Myr−1. Calculation of erosion rates has been accomplished by: (1) evaluation of riverine solute and sediment load in either large or small drainage basins; (2) estimation from the volume of derived sediments; and (3) methods involving either 10Be or fission-track dating. Values of specific conductance and suspended sediment collected at the Juniata River gauging station at Newport, Pennsylvania are used, with corrections, along with a bedload estimate to determine the total amount eroded from the 8687 km2 drainage basin during the water years 1965–1986. The amount eroded is used to calculate a present erosion rate of 27 m Myr−1.
Modern declination charts of the United States show almost no details. Greater detail may be of value to surveyors trying to follow old land deed descriptions, or to pilots of small planes or small pleasure boats operating in inland waterways. It would be extremely expensive to make adequate declination measurements needed for such a chart. It was hoped that declination details could be derived from the information contained in the existing magnetic anomaly map of the United States. This could be realized only if all of the survey data were corrected to a common epoch, at which time a main-field vector model was known, before the anomaly values were computed. Because this was not done, accurate declination values cannot be determined. In spite of this conclusion, declination values were computed using a common main-field model for the entire United States to see how well they compared with observed values. The provisional geomagnetic reference field for 1978.5 was used as the main-field model. The computed detailed declination values were found to compare less favorably with observed values of declination than declination values computed from the IGRF 1985 model itself. This result indicates that the computed anomaly elements or their combination with main-field values cannot be used as accurate anomaly values, but they may be used as an indication of where anomalies probably occur.
A rank series consisting of twelve vitrinite concentrates and companion whole-coal samples from mined coal beds in the eastern United States, England, and Australia were analyzed for C, H, N, O, ash, and 47 trace and minor elements by standard elemental, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and direct-current-arc spectrographic (DCAS) techniques. The reflectance of vitrinite, atomic H:C and O:C, and ash-free carbon data were used to determine ranks that range from high-volatile C bituminous coal to meta-anthracite. A van Krevelen (atomic H:C vs. O:C) diagram of the vitrinite concentrates shows a smooth curve having its lowest point at H:C = 0.18 and O:C = 0.01. This improves the van Krevelen diagram by the addition of our vitrinite concentrate from meta-anthracite from the Narragansett basin of New England.
Boron content (400–450 ppm) in two Illinois basin vitrinite concentrates was about an order of magnitude higher than B contents in other concentrates analyzed. We attribute this to marine origin or hydrothermal activity. The alkaline-earth elements Ca, Mg and Ba (DCAS) have higher concentrations in our vitrinite concentrates from bituminous coals of the Appalachian basin, than they do in vitrinite concentrates from the marine-roofed bituminous coals of the Illinois basin; therefore, a nonmarine origin for these alkaline-earth elements is postulated for the Appalachian basin coals. An ion-exchange mechanism due to high concentrations of these elements as ions in diagenetic water, but probably not recent ground water, may be responsible for the relatively high values of these elements in Appalachian concentrates. Higher concentrations of Ni and Cr in one of the English vitrinite concentrates and of Zr in the Australian concentrate probably indicate organic association and detrital influence, respectively.
Several recent articles have called attention to the problem of retransformation bias, which can arise when log linear regression models are used to estimate sediment or other constituent loads. In some cases the bias can lead to underestimation of constituent loads by as much as 50%, and several procedures have been suggested for reducing or eliminating it. However, some of the procedures recommended for reducing the bias can actually increase it. This paper compares the bias and variance of three procedures that can be used with log linear regression models: the traditional rating curve estimator, a modified rating curve method, and a minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE). Analytical derivations of the bias and efficiency of all three estimators are presented. It is shown that for many conditions the traditional and the modified estimator can provide satisfactory estimates. However, other conditions exist where they have substantial bias and a large mean square error. These conditions commonly occur when sample sizes are small, or when loads are estimated during high-flow conditions. The MVUE, however, is unbiased and always performs nearly as well or better than the rating curve estimator or the modified estimator provided that the hypothesis of the log linear model is correct. Since an efficient unbiased estimator is available, there seems to be no reason to employ biased estimators.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i005p00937","usgsCitation":"Cohn, T., DeLong, L.L., Gilroy, E.J., Hirsch, R.M., and Wells, D.K., 1989, Estimating constituent loads: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 5, p. 937-942, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i005p00937.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"937","endPage":"942","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b11e4b0c8380cd52556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLong, Lewis L.","contributorId":91146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilroy, Edward J.","contributorId":50524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, Deborah K.","contributorId":65867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015361,"text":"70015361 - 1989 - Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70015361","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam","docAbstract":"A relation for rapidly predicting the peak outflow rate from a breached embankment dam has been presented. The prediction equation is based on reliable data from 19 embankment dam failures and requires as input the volume of water in the reservoir at the time a breach begins to form, and the estimated height of the final breach. Peak outflow predicted by the equation can be used with simplified flood routing procedures to determine peak flows at locations downstream of a dam. Use of the prediction equation will improve the accuracy of rapid assessments of damage that would be caused by the flood resulting from an embankment dam failure.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627195","usgsCitation":"Froehlich, D.C., 1989, Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam, Proceedings of the 1989 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 August 1989 through 18 August 1989, p. 136-141.","startPage":"136","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7610e4b0c8380cd77ed8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015697,"text":"70015697 - 1989 - Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 2. A procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:13:30","indexId":"70015697","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 2. A procedure","docAbstract":"Intercepted intracell flow, especially if cell includes water table recharge and a stream ((sink), can result in significant model error if not accounted for. A procedure utilizing net flow per cell (Fn) that accounts for intercepted intracell flow can be used for both steady state and transient simulations. Germane to the procedure is the determination of the ratio of area of influence of the interior sink to the area of the cell (Ai/Ac). Ai is the area in which water table recharge has the potential to be intercepted by the sink. Determining Ai/Ac requires either a detailed water table map or observation of stream conditions within the cell. A proportioning parameter M, which is equal to 1 or slightly less and is a function of cell geometry, is used to determine how much of the water that has potential for interception is intercepted by the sink within the cell. Also germane to the procedure is the determination of the flow across the streambed (Fs), which is not directly a function of cell size, due to difference in head between the water level in the stream and the potentiometric surface of the aquifer underlying the streambed. The use of Fn for steady state simulations allows simulation of water levels without utilizing head-dependent or constant head boundary conditions which tend to constrain the model-calculated water levels, an undesirable result if a comparison of measured and calculated water levels is being made. Transient simulations of streams usually utilize a head-dependent boundary condition and a leakance value to model a stream. Leakance values for each model cell can be determined from a steady state simulation, which used the net flow per cell procedure. For transient simulation, Fn would not include Fs. Also, for transient simulation it is necessary to check Fn at different time intervals because M and Ai/Ac are not constant and change with time. The procedure was used successfully in two different models of the aquifer system in the Ozarks. The use of Fn was essential to the two model studies because most model cells in both models contained water table recharge and multiple sinks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR025i004p00677","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., Signor, D.C., and Imes, J.L., 1989, Accounting for intracell flow in models with emphasis on water table recharge and stream-aquifer interaction: 2. A procedure: Water Resources Research, v. 25, no. 4, p. 677-684, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR025i004p00677.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"684","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e66ee4b0c8380cd47404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, Donald G.","contributorId":19537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signor, Donald C.","contributorId":13220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signor","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imes, Jeffrey L. jimes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jimes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":371547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015492,"text":"70015492 - 1989 - Diagnostic foraminiferal assemblages of Florida Bay and adjacent shallow waters: a comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015492","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic foraminiferal assemblages of Florida Bay and adjacent shallow waters: a comparison","docAbstract":"Ecologic studies of benthic Foraminifera in Florida Bay indicate that 1) the bay is a specialized restricted platform interior environment; 2) its fauna is divisible into 3 subfaunas: nearshore, mudbank, and \"lake', 3) substrate, currents, wave intensity, and wave direction affect local distribution but do not alter regional patterns; and 4) faunal assemblages rather than individual species of Foraminifera are diagnostic environmental indicators as many species range over several faunal zones. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., and Rose, P., 1989, Diagnostic foraminiferal assemblages of Florida Bay and adjacent shallow waters: a comparison: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 44, no. 1, p. 399-418.","startPage":"399","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009fe4b0c8380cd4f819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, P.R.","contributorId":31122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016443,"text":"70016443 - 1989 - Determination of herbicides and their degradation products in surface waters by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T12:06:42","indexId":"70016443","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1020,"text":"Biological Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of herbicides and their degradation products in surface waters by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/bms.1200180928","issn":"08876134","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C., Pereira, W.E., and Leiker, T., 1989, Determination of herbicides and their degradation products in surface waters by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry: Biological Mass Spectrometry, v. 18, no. 9, p. 820-827, https://doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180928.","startPage":"820","endPage":"827","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268129,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180928"},{"id":223024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffaae4b0c8380cd4f305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015488,"text":"70015488 - 1989 - Review of factors affecting recovery of freshwater stored in saline aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015488","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Review of factors affecting recovery of freshwater stored in saline aquifers","docAbstract":"A simulation analysis reported previously, and summarized herein, identified the effects of various geohydrologic and operational factors on recoverability of the injected water. Buoyancy stratification, downgradient advection, and hydrodynamic dispersion are the principal natural processes that reduce the amount of injected water that can be recovered. Buoyancy stratification is shown to depend on injection-zone permeability and the density contrast between injected and saline native water. Downgradient advection occurs as a result of natural or induced hydraulic gradients in the aquifer. Hydrodynamic dispersion reduces recovery efficiency by mixing some of the injected water with native saline aquifer water. In computer simulations, the relation of recovery efficiency to volume injected and its improvement during successive injection-recovery cycles was shown to depend on changes in the degree of hydrodynamic dispersion that occurs. Additional aspects of the subject are discussed.","conferenceTitle":"Artificial Recharge of Ground Water - Proceedings of the International Symposium","conferenceDate":"23 August 1988 through 27 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872627136","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1989, Review of factors affecting recovery of freshwater stored in saline aquifers, Artificial Recharge of Ground Water - Proceedings of the International Symposium, Anaheim, CA, USA, 23 August 1988 through 27 August 1988, p. 367-375.","startPage":"367","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac65e4b0c8380cd86cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, Michael L.","contributorId":29392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}