During 2007-08 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, evaluated the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic invertebrates and fish from one site in the main body of Lake Worth, two sites in a small inlet in Lake Worth (upper and lower Woods Inlet), and one site in Meandering Road Creek in Fort Worth, Texas. The four sites sampled during 2007-08 were located at or near sites where surficial bed-sediment samples had been collected and analyzed for PCBs during previous U.S. Geological Survey studies so that PCB concentrations in aquatic invertebrates and fish and PCB concentrations in surficial bed-sediment samples could be compared. Stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes were used to help assess differences in the amount of these isotopes by species and sampling location. The sum of 15 PCB-congener concentrations was highest for aquatic invertebrates and fish from the upper Woods Inlet site and lowest for the same aquatic invertebrates and fish from Lake Worth site, where PCBs historically had not been detected in lake bed sediment. An increase in the ratio of the heavier nitrogen-15 (15N) isotope to the lighter nitrogen-14 (14N) isotope, referred to as enrichment of 15N, was highest in largemouth bass (representing the highest trophic level sampled) at all sites and lowest for true midge larvae inhabiting surficial bed sediment in the lake (representing the lowest trophic level sampled). Enrichment of 15N was less variable in largemouth bass and other fish from the highest trophic level compared with shorter lived, primary consumer invertebrates from lower trophic levels, such as true midge larvae, mayfly nymphs, and zooplankton. The delta carbon-13 (delta13C) values measured in true midge larvae collected at the Lake Worth and upper and lower Woods Inlet sites were more negative compared with the delta13C values measured for all other taxa, indicating true midge larvae were more depleted of carbon-13 (13C) compared with all other aquatic invertebrate and fish. The relative depletion of 13C might indicate the carbon sources consumed by true midge larvae are different from the carbon sources consumed by all other taxon that were sampled. Ratios of stable nitrogen isotopes nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14 (delta15N) were similar between taxa from the Lake Worth site and Woods Inlet sites. The sum of 15 PCB-congener concentrations, however, was an order of magnitude higher in largemouth bass from the upper Woods Inlet site, indicating that PCB-congener concentrations in lake bed sediment likely controls biomagnification within the lake because of the similarities in trophic structure of the resident aquatic community. The biota at the Lake Worth reference site, where PCBs were not detected in the surficial sediment during previous studies, were less contaminated than the biota at sites where PCBs had been detected in the surficial sediment. The highest trophic-level consumers (as evidenced by the most 15N-enriched delta15N values) showed the maximum bioaccumulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/sir20105235","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., 2010, Polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic invertebrates and fish and observations about nitrogen and carbon isotope composition in relation to trophic structure and bioaccumulation patterns, Lake Worth and Meandering Road Creek, Fort Worth, Texas, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5235, iv, 23 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105235.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5235.png"},{"id":14445,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Worth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.42298126220703,\n 32.79521141367352\n ],\n [\n -97.45216369628906,\n 32.79550001438897\n ],\n [\n -97.46366500854492,\n 32.80358045411563\n ],\n [\n -97.4545669555664,\n 32.80632186501808\n ],\n [\n -97.4513053894043,\n 32.808197518499256\n ],\n [\n -97.44993209838867,\n 32.815988270788054\n ],\n [\n -97.44375228881836,\n 32.81627680405194\n ],\n [\n -97.44237899780273,\n 32.82406684798286\n ],\n [\n -97.4428939819336,\n 32.82954832124184\n ],\n [\n -97.44958877563477,\n 32.836039102026604\n ],\n [\n -97.46160507202147,\n 32.83690450361482\n ],\n [\n -97.46829986572266,\n 32.835462162948076\n ],\n [\n -97.46967315673828,\n 32.83243317127836\n ],\n [\n -97.47053146362305,\n 32.82825010814964\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 32.82435535500958\n ],\n [\n -97.46435165405273,\n 32.8219030154127\n ],\n [\n -97.45903015136719,\n 32.824932366251716\n ],\n [\n -97.44615554809569,\n 32.82767311846155\n ],\n [\n -97.44770050048828,\n 32.82219152946755\n ],\n [\n -97.45800018310545,\n 32.81685386776874\n ],\n [\n -97.46555328369139,\n 32.81468985950555\n ],\n [\n -97.47928619384766,\n 32.81656533637882\n ],\n [\n -97.49078750610352,\n 32.81483412836281\n ],\n [\n -97.49336242675781,\n 32.81180443317097\n ],\n [\n -97.4901008605957,\n 32.80906319137108\n ],\n [\n -97.48701095581055,\n 32.808197518499256\n ],\n [\n -97.48786926269531,\n 32.80588901628599\n ],\n [\n -97.49181747436523,\n 32.80689899338195\n ],\n [\n -97.49336242675781,\n 32.80271472784453\n ],\n [\n -97.48821258544922,\n 32.79564431439544\n ],\n [\n -97.46572494506836,\n 32.79275826977453\n ],\n [\n -97.4542236328125,\n 32.78510979856056\n ],\n [\n -97.4241828918457,\n 32.784965481461185\n ],\n [\n -97.41680145263672,\n 32.78842902722552\n ],\n [\n -97.41474151611328,\n 32.79261396508479\n ],\n [\n -97.42177963256836,\n 32.79550001438897\n ],\n [\n -97.42298126220703,\n 32.79521141367352\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. Bruce","contributorId":53372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99007,"text":"fs20103121 - 2010 - Water-quality sampling by the U.S. Geological Survey-Standard protocols and procedures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:49","indexId":"fs20103121","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3121","title":"Water-quality sampling by the U.S. Geological Survey-Standard protocols and procedures","docAbstract":"Thumbnail of and link to report PDF (1.0 MB)\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) develops the sampling procedures and collects the data necessary for the accurate assessment and wise management of our Nation's surface-water and groundwater resources. Federal and State agencies, water-resource regulators and managers, and many organizations and interested parties in the public and private sectors depend on the reliability, timeliness, and integrity of the data we collect and the scientific soundness and impartiality of our data assessments and analysis. The standard data-collection methods uniformly used by USGS water-quality personnel are peer reviewed, kept up-to-date, and published in the National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A/). ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103121","usgsCitation":"Wilde, F.D., 2010, Water-quality sampling by the U.S. Geological Survey-Standard protocols and procedures: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3121, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103121.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3121.gif"},{"id":14444,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67afa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilde, Franceska D. fwilde@usgs.gov","contributorId":92240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Franceska","email":"fwilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99005,"text":"ofr20101119 - 2010 - The national assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr20101119","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1119","title":"The national assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts","docAbstract":"Sandy ocean beaches are a popular recreational destination, often surrounded by communities containing valuable real estate. Development is on the rise despite the fact that coastal infrastructure is subjected to flooding and erosion. As a result, there is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes. The U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project has compiled a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and shoreline-change rates for the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts. There is currently no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing measurement and rate-calculation methods vary from study to study and preclude combining results into statewide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method that is consistent from coast to coast for measuring changes in shoreline position. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101119","usgsCitation":"Himmelstoss, E., Kratzmann, M.G., Hapke, C., Thieler, E.R., and List, J., 2010, The national assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1119, HTML Document; Geospatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101119.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Geospatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1119.gif"},{"id":14442,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"70000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,36 ], [ -78,48 ], [ -68,48 ], [ -68,36 ], [ -78,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b493a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kratzmann, Meredith G. 0000-0002-2513-2144 mkratzmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-2144","contributorId":4950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzmann","given":"Meredith","email":"mkratzmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl","contributorId":89846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"List, Jeffrey","contributorId":7238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":99004,"text":"ds521 - 2010 - Time-lapse imagery of the breaching of Marmot Dam, Oregon, and subsequent erosion of sediment by the Sandy River– October 2007 to May 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T22:53:57.542173","indexId":"ds521","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"521","title":"Time-lapse imagery of the breaching of Marmot Dam, Oregon, and subsequent erosion of sediment by the Sandy River– October 2007 to May 2008","docAbstract":"In 2007, Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon, was removed and a temporary cofferdam standing in its place was breached, allowing the river to flow freely along its entire length. Time-lapse imagery obtained from a network of digital single-lens reflex cameras placed around the lower reach of the sediment-filled reservoir behind the dam details rapid erosion of sediment by the Sandy River after breaching of the cofferdam. Within hours of the breaching, the Sandy River eroded much of the nearly 15-m-thick frontal part of the sediment wedge impounded behind the former concrete dam; within 24-60 hours it eroded approximately 125,000 m3 of sediment impounded in the lower 300-meter-reach of the reservoir. The imagery shows that the sediment eroded initially through vertical incision, but that lateral erosion rapidly became an important process.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds521","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Spicer, K.R., and Collins, R.A., 2010, Time-lapse imagery of the breaching of Marmot Dam, Oregon, and subsequent erosion of sediment by the Sandy River– October 2007 to May 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 521, Report: iv, 5 p.; Movie File Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds521.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 5 p.; Movie File Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_521.bmp"},{"id":14441,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/521/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392714,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94811.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Marmot Dam, Sandy River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.13046073913574,\n 45.394592696926615\n ],\n [\n -122.12222099304198,\n 45.394592696926615\n ],\n [\n -122.12222099304198,\n 45.40025798537436\n ],\n [\n -122.13046073913574,\n 45.40025798537436\n ],\n [\n -122.13046073913574,\n 45.394592696926615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Rebecca A.","contributorId":70420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":99002,"text":"sir20095179 - 2010 - Hydrostratigraphy, soil/sediment chemistry, and water quality, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Puchack Well Field Superfund site and vicinity, Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey, 1997-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"sir20095179","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5179","title":"Hydrostratigraphy, soil/sediment chemistry, and water quality, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Puchack Well Field Superfund site and vicinity, Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey, 1997-2001","docAbstract":"Drinking-water supplies from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system at the Puchack well field in Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey, have been contaminated by hexavalent chromium-the most toxic and mobile form-at concentrations exceeding the New Jersey maximum contaminant level of 100 micrograms per liter. Also, scattered but widespread instances of volatile organic compounds (primarily trichloroethylene) at concentrations that exceed their respective maximum contaminant levels in the area's ground water have been reported. Because inorganic and organic contaminants are present in the ground water underlying the Puchack well field, no water from there has been withdrawn for public supply since 1998, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) added the area that contains the Puchack well field to the National Priorities List.\r\n\r\nAs part of the USEPA's investigation of the Puchack Well Field Superfund site, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a study during 1997-2001 to (1) refine previous interpretations of the hydrostratigraphic framework, hydraulic gradients, and local directions of ground-water flow; (2) describe the chemistry of soils and saturated aquifer sediments; and (3) document the quality of ground water in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the area.\r\n\r\nThe four major water-bearing units of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system-the Upper aquifer (mostly unsaturated in the study area), the Middle aquifer, the Intermediate Sand (a local but important unit), and the Lower aquifer-are separated by confining units. The confining units contain areas of cut and fill, resulting in permeable zones that permit water to pass through them. Pumping from the Puchack well field during the past 3 decades resulted in downward hydraulic gradients that moved contaminants into the Lower aquifer, in which the production wells are finished, and caused ground water to flow northeast, locally. A comparison of current (1997-2001) water levels near the site of the former pumping center with data from previous investigations indicates that, since pumping at the Puchack well field ceased, the dominant local ground-water flow direction is to the southeast, aligned with regional flow.\r\n\r\nChromium concentrations were highest (8,010 micrograms per liter in 2000-01) in water from the Middle aquifer immediately downgradient from a possible source; the extent of this chromium plume is unknown but appears to be small. A second, unrelated, localized chromium plume also was identified in the Middle aquifer. The Intermediate Sand was found to contain an areally extensive plume of chromium-contaminated water, with concentrations up to 6,310 micrograms per liter in 2000-01, and another plume of about the same size, with concentrations up to 4,810 micrograms per liter in 2000-01, was identified in the Lower aquifer. The previous USGS investigation indicated the approximate extent of the combined plumes; the current delineation indicates that their locations have shifted slightly to the southeast since 1998.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of chromium in ground water decreased at some well locations by as much as 60 percent between sampling rounds in 1997-98 and 1999-2001. The decrease in chromium concentration at a given well could be the result of the chemical reduction of hexavalent chromium and precipitation of the resulting trivalent chromium, the sorption of hexavalent chromium to aquifer materials, or the physical movement of the plumes. Available data indicate that all three processes likely have affected concentrations. The distribution of hexavalent and total chromium in the soils and sediments of a possible source area indicates that some hexavalent chromium has undergone chemical reduction in the soils, but the degree to which this process takes place in the aquifer currently is not known. Nor is it known whether contaminated soils continue to contribute chromium to the aquifer system.\r\n\r\nContamination by vola","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Walker, R.L., Jacobsen, E., and Jankowski, P., 2010, Hydrostratigraphy, soil/sediment chemistry, and water quality, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Puchack Well Field Superfund site and vicinity, Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey, 1997-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5179, xvi, 123 p.; Appendices; Plate 1: 36 inches x 48 inches; Plate 2: 36 inches x 48 inches; Plate 3: 36 inches x 48 inches;, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095179.","productDescription":"xvi, 123 p.; Appendices; Plate 1: 36 inches x 48 inches; Plate 2: 36 inches x 48 inches; Plate 3: 36 inches x 48 inches;","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14439,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5179.bmp"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.11666666666666,39.884166666666665 ], [ -75.11666666666666,40.016666666666666 ], [ -74.91666666666667,40.016666666666666 ], [ -74.91666666666667,39.884166666666665 ], [ -75.11666666666666,39.884166666666665 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Richard L.","contributorId":38961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobsen, Eric jacobsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Eric","email":"jacobsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jankowski, Pamela","contributorId":50128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98997,"text":"ofr20101301 - 2010 - Geologic map of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone in the vicinity of Lake Pillsbury and adjacent areas of Mendocino, Lake, and Glenn Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T18:12:45.369469","indexId":"ofr20101301","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1301","title":"Geologic map of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone in the vicinity of Lake Pillsbury and adjacent areas of Mendocino, Lake, and Glenn Counties, California","docAbstract":"The Lake Pillsbury area lies in the eastern part of the northern California Coast Ranges, along the east side of the transform boundary between the Pacific and North American plates (fig. 1). The Bartlett Springs Fault Zone is a northwest-trending zone of faulting associated with this eastern part of the transform boundary. It is presently active, based on surface creep (Svarc and others, 2008), geomorphic expression, offset of Holocene units (Lienkaemper and Brown, 2009), and microseismicity (Bolt and Oakeshott, 1982; Dehlinger and Bolt, 1984; DePolo and Ohlin, 1984). Faults associated with the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone at Lake Pillsbury are steeply dipping and offset older low to steeply dipping faults separating folded and imbricated Mesozoic terranes of the Franciscan Complex and interleaved rocks of the Coast Range Ophiolite and Great Valley Sequence. Parts of this area were mapped in the late 1970s and 1980s by several investigators who were focused on structural relations in the Franciscan Complex (Lehman, 1978; Jordan, 1975; Layman, 1977; Etter, 1979). In the 1980s the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mapped a large part of the area as part of a mineral resource appraisal of two U.S. Forest Service Roadless areas. For evaluating mineral resource potential, the USGS mapping was published at a scale of 1:62,500 as a generalized geologic summary map without a topographic base (Ohlin and others, 1983; Ohlin and Spear, 1984). The previously unpublished mapping with topographic base is presented here at a scale of 1:30,000, compiled with other mapping in the vicinity of Lake Pillsbury. The mapping provides a geologic framework for ongoing investigations to evaluate potential earthquake hazards and structure of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone. \r\n\r\nThis geologic map includes part of Mendocino National Forest (the Elk Creek Roadless Area) in Mendocino, Glenn, and Lake Counties and is traversed by several U.S. Forest Service Routes, including M1 and M6 (fig. 2). The study area is characterized by northwest-trending ridges separated by steep-sided valleys. Elevations in this part of the Coast Ranges vary from 1,500 ft (457 m) to 6,600 ft (2,012 m), commonly with gradients of 1,000 ft per mile (90 m per km). The steep slopes are covered by brush, grass, oak, and conifer forests. Access to most of the area is by county roads and Forest Service Route M6 from Potter Valley to Lake Pillsbury and by county road and Forest Service Route M6 and M1 from Upper Lake and State Highway 20. From the north, State Highway 261 provides access from Covelo. Forest Service Route M1 trends roughly north from its intersection with Route M6 south of Hull Mountain and through the Elk Creek and Black Butte Roadless areas to State Highway 261. Side roads used for logging and jeep trails provide additional access in parts of the area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101301","usgsCitation":"Ohlin, H.N., McLaughlin, R.J., Moring, B.C., and Sawyer, T.L., 2010, Geologic map of the Bartlett Springs Fault Zone in the vicinity of Lake Pillsbury and adjacent areas of Mendocino, Lake, and Glenn Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1301, Pamphlet: iii, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 31.35 x 57.16 inches; GIS data downloads: Readme; Metadata; GIS data ZIP package, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101301.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 31.35 x 57.16 inches; GIS data downloads: Readme; Metadata; GIS data ZIP package","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398848,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94805.htm"},{"id":14434,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1301/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"30000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.11749999999999,39.3675 ], [ -123.11749999999999,39.6175 ], [ -122.86749999999999,39.6175 ], [ -122.86749999999999,39.3675 ], [ -123.11749999999999,39.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ee4b07f02db69ffed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlin, Henry N.","contributorId":96808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlin","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 rjmcl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":1428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"rjmcl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moring, Barry C. 0000-0001-6797-9258 moring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-9258","contributorId":2794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"Barry","email":"moring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sawyer, Thomas L.","contributorId":29552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98996,"text":"ofr20101294 - 2010 - Assessment of coal geology, resources, and reserves in the northern Wyoming Powder River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20101294","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1294","title":"Assessment of coal geology, resources, and reserves in the northern Wyoming Powder River Basin","docAbstract":"The abundance of new borehole data from recent coal bed natural gas development in the Powder River Basin was utilized by the U.S. Geological Survey for the most comprehensive evaluation to date of coal resources and reserves in the Northern Wyoming Powder River Basin assessment area. It is the second area within the Powder River Basin to be assessed as part of a regional coal assessment program; the first was an evaluation of coal resources and reserves in the Gillette coal field, adjacent to and south of the Northern Wyoming Powder River Basin assessment area. There are no active coal mines in the Northern Wyoming Powder River Basin assessment area at present. However, more than 100 million short tons of coal were produced from the Sheridan coal field between the years 1887 and 2000, which represents most of the coal production within the northwestern part of the Northern Wyoming Powder River Basin assessment area.\r\n\r\nA total of 33 coal beds were identified during the present study, 24 of which were modeled and evaluated to determine in-place coal resources. Given current technology, economic factors, and restrictions to mining, seven of the beds were evaluated for potential reserves. The restrictions included railroads, a Federal interstate highway, urban areas, and alluvial valley floors. Other restrictions, such as depth, thickness of coal beds, mined-out areas, and areas of burned coal, were also considered.\r\n\r\nThe total original coal resource in the Northern Wyoming Powder River Basin assessment area for all 24 coal beds assessed, with no restrictions applied, was calculated to be 285 billion short tons. Available coal resources, which are part of the original coal resource that is accessible for potential mine development after subtracting all restrictions, are about 263 billion short tons (92.3 percent of the original coal resource). Recoverable coal, which is that portion of available coal remaining after subtracting mining and processing losses, was determined for seven coal beds with a stripping ratio of 10:1 or less. After mining and processing losses were subtracted, a total of 50 billion short tons of recoverable coal was calculated.\r\n\r\nCoal reserves are the portion of the recoverable coal that can be mined, processed, and marketed at a profit at the time of the economic evaluation. With a discounted cash flow at 8 percent rate of return, the coal reserves estimate for the Northern Wyoming Powder River Basin assessment area is 1.5 billion short tons of coal (1 percent of the original resource total) for the seven coal beds evaluated.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101294","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.C., Haacke, J., Osmonson, L.M., Luppens, J.A., Pierce, P.E., and Rohrbacher, T.J., 2010, Assessment of coal geology, resources, and reserves in the northern Wyoming Powder River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1294, ix, 136 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101294.","productDescription":"ix, 136 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1294.bmp"},{"id":14433,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1294/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108,42.5 ], [ -108,46.5 ], [ -104,46.5 ], [ -104,42.5 ], [ -108,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4822e4b07f02db4e1fe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, David C. 0000-0002-7925-7452 dscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-7452","contributorId":629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David","email":"dscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haacke, Jon E.","contributorId":86054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haacke","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osmonson, Lee M.","contributorId":33322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmonson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":307172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierce, Paul E. 0000-0001-9675-7320 ppierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-7320","contributorId":3732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Paul","email":"ppierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rohrbacher, Timothy J.","contributorId":20355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohrbacher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98994,"text":"ofr20101310 - 2010 - Selected low-flow frequency statistics for continuous-record streamgage locations in Maryland, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T12:41:40.884303","indexId":"ofr20101310","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1310","title":"Selected low-flow frequency statistics for continuous-record streamgage locations in Maryland, 2010","docAbstract":"According to a 2008 report by the Governor's Advisory Committee on the Management and Protection of the State's Water Resources, Maryland's population grew by 35 percent between 1970 and 2000, and is expected to increase by an additional 27 percent between 2000 and 2030. Because domestic water demand generally increases in proportion to population growth, Maryland will be facing increased pressure on water resources over the next 20 years. Water-resources decisions should be based on sound, comprehensive, long-term data and low-flow frequency statistics from all available streamgage locations with unregulated streamflow and adequate record lengths. To provide the Maryland Department of the Environment with tools for making future water-resources decisions, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a study in October 2009 to compute low-flow frequency statistics for selected streamgage locations in Maryland with 10 or more years of continuous streamflow records.\r\n\r\nThis report presents low-flow frequency statistics for 114 continuous-record streamgage locations in Maryland. The computed statistics presented for each streamgage location include the mean 7-, 14-, and 30-consecutive day minimum daily low-flow dischages for recurrence intervals of 2, 10, and 20 years, and are based on approved streamflow records that include a minimum of 10 complete climatic years of record as of June 2010. Descriptive information for each of these streamgage locations, including the station number, station name, latitude, longitude, county, physiographic province, and drainage area, also is presented. \r\n\r\nThe statistics are planned for incorporation into StreamStats, which is a U.S. Geological Survey Web application for obtaining stream information, and is being used by water-resource managers and decision makers in Maryland to address water-supply planning and management, water-use appropriation and permitting, wastewater and industrial discharge permitting, and setting minimum required streamflows to protect freshwater biota and ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101310","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Department of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Doheny, E.J., and Banks, W.S., 2010, Selected low-flow frequency statistics for continuous-record streamgage locations in Maryland, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1310, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101310.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1310.bmp"},{"id":14427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1310/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80,38 ], [ -80,40 ], [ -75,40 ], [ -75,38 ], [ -80,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f840c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doheny, Edward J. 0000-0002-6043-3241 ejdoheny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-3241","contributorId":4495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doheny","given":"Edward","email":"ejdoheny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, William S.L.","contributorId":35281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98993,"text":"ofr20101267 - 2010 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2008 through September 2009) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T11:11:37","indexId":"ofr20101267","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1267","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2008 through September 2009) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a long-term monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork basin; additional water samples were collected in the Clark Fork basin from sites near Missoula downstream to near the confluence of the Clark Fork and Flathead River as part of a supplemental sampling program. The sampling programs were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork basin of western Montana, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 24 sites from October 2008 through September 2009. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2009.\r\nThis report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at all long-term and supplemental monitoring sites from October 2008 through September 2009. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Turbidity was analyzed for water samples collected at the four sites where seasonal daily values of turbidity were being determined as well as at Clark Fork above Missoula. Nutrients also were analyzed at all the supplemental water-quality sites, except for Clark Fork Bypass, near Bonner. Daily values of suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of long-term water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork basin are provided for the period of record since 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101267","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2010, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2008 through September 2009) and statistical summaries of long-term data for streams in the Clark Fork basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1267, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101267.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14426,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1267/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.5,45.75 ], [ -115.5,47.75 ], [ -112.16666666666667,47.75 ], [ -112.16666666666667,45.75 ], [ -115.5,45.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98992,"text":"fs20113001 - 2010 - How does a U.S. Geological Survey streamgage work?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-05T09:53:42","indexId":"fs20113001","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3001","title":"How does a U.S. Geological Survey streamgage work?","docAbstract":"Information on the flow of rivers and streams is a vital national asset that safeguards lives, protects property, and ensures adequate water supplies for the future. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates a network of more than 9,000 streamgages nationwide with more than 500 in Texas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/fs20113001","usgsCitation":"Lurry, D.L., 2010, How does a U.S. Geological Survey streamgage work?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3001, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113001.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3001.bmp"},{"id":14425,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bdd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lurry, Dee L.","contributorId":10766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lurry","given":"Dee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98986,"text":"fs20103110 - 2010 - Streamflow characteristics and benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T14:49:52","indexId":"fs20103110","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3110","title":"Streamflow characteristics and benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States","docAbstract":"Hydrographic characteristics of streamflow, such as high-flow pulses, base flow (background discharge between floods), extreme low flows, and floods, significantly influence aquatic organisms. Streamflow can be described in terms of magnitude, timing, duration, frequency, and variation (hydrologic regime). These characteristics have broad effects on ecosystem productivity, habitat structure, and ultimately on resident fish, invertebrate, and algae communities. Increasing human use of limited water resources has modified hydrologic regimes worldwide. Identifying the most ecologically significant hydrographic characteristics would facilitate the development of water-management strategies.
Benthic invertebrates include insects, mollusks (snails and clams), worms, and crustaceans (shrimp) that live on the streambed. Invertebrates play an important role in the food web, consuming other invertebrates and algae and being consumed by fish and birds. Hydrologic alteration associated with land and water use can change the natural hydrologic regime and may affect benthic invertebrate assemblage composition and structure through changes in density of invertebrates or taxa richness (number of different species).
This study examined associations between the hydrologic regime and characteristics of benthic invertebrate assemblages across the western United States and developed tools to identify streamflow characteristics that are likely to affect benthic invertebrate assemblages.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103110","usgsCitation":"Brasher, A., Konrad, C.P., May, J., Edmiston, C.S., and Close, R.N., 2010, Streamflow characteristics and benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3110, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103110.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3110.bmp"},{"id":14422,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334726,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3110/pdf/fs20103110.pdf"}],"country":"United States","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brasher, Anne M.D.","contributorId":33686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"Anne M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konrad, Chris P.","contributorId":26666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edmiston, C. Scott","contributorId":30595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmiston","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Close, Rebecca N.","contributorId":16803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Close","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98987,"text":"ofr20101314 - 2010 - Channel change and bed-material transport in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:14:51","indexId":"ofr20101314","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1314","title":"Channel change and bed-material transport in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Umpqua River drains 12,103 km2 of western Oregon, heading in the Cascade Range and draining portions of the Klamath Mountains and Coast Range before entering the Pacific Ocean. Above the head of tide, the Umpqua River, along with its major tributaries, the North and South Umpqua Rivers, flows on a mixed bedrock and alluvium bed, alternating between bedrock rapids and intermittent, shallow gravel bars composed of gravel to cobble-sized clasts. These bars have been a source of commercial aggregate since the mid-twentieth century. Below the head of tide, the Umpqua River contains large bars composed of mud and sand.
Motivated by ongoing permitting and aquatic habitat concerns related to instream gravel mining on the fluvial reaches, this study evaluated spatial and temporal trends in channel change and bed-material transport for 350 km of river channel along the Umpqua, North Umpqua, and South Umpqua Rivers. The assessment produced (1) detailed mapping of the active channel, using aerial photographs and repeat surveys and (2) a quantitative estimation of bed-material flux that drew upon detailed measurements of particle size and lithology, equations of transport capacity, and a sediment yield analysis.
Bed-material transport capacity estimates at 45 sites throughout the South Umpqua and mainstem Umpqua Rivers for the period 1951–2008 result in wide-ranging transport capacity estimates, reflecting the difficulty of applying equations of bed-material transport to a supply-limited river. Median transport capacity values calculated from surface-based equations of bedload transport for each of the study reaches provide indications of maximum possible transport rates and range from 8,000 to 27,000 metric tons/yr for the South Umpqua River and 20,000 to 82,000 metric tons/yr for the mainstem Umpqua River upstream of the head of tide; the North Umpqua River probably contributes little bed material. A plausible range of average annual transport rates for the South and mainstem Umpqua Rivers, based on bedload transport capacity estimates for bars with reasonable values for reference shear stress, is between 500 and 20,000 metric tons/yr.
An empirical bed-material yield analysis predicts 20,000–50,000 metric tons/yr on the South Umpqua River and mainstem Umpqua River through the Coast Range, decreasing to approximately 30,000 metric tons/yr at the head of tide. Surveys of individual mining sites in the South Umpqua River indicate minimum local bed-material flux rates that are typically less than 10,000 metric tons/yr but that range up to 30,600 metric tons/yr in high-flow years.
On the basis of all of these analyses, actual bedload flux in most years is probably less than 25,000 metric tons/yr in the South Umpqua River and Umpqua Rivers, with the North Umpqua River probably contributing negligible amounts. For comparison, the estimated annual volume of commercial gravel extraction from the South Umpqua River between 2001 and 2004 ranged from 610 to 36,570 metric tons, indicating that historical instream gravel extraction may have been a substantial fraction of the overall bedload flux.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101314","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Wallick, J., O'Connor, J., Anderson, S., Keith, M., Cannon, C., and Risley, J.C., 2010, Channel change and bed-material transport in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1314, viii, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101314.","productDescription":"viii, 135 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1314.bmp"},{"id":14423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1314/pdf/ofr20101314.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umpqua River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.68383789062499,\n 42.20817645934742\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 42.20817645934742\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 44.000717834282774\n ],\n [\n -124.68383789062499,\n 44.000717834282774\n ],\n [\n -124.68383789062499,\n 42.20817645934742\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e635c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Scott","contributorId":56997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K. mkeith@usgs.gov","contributorId":4140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","email":"mkeith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cannon, Charles ccannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Charles","email":"ccannon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":9000559,"text":"ds568 - 2010 - Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions, Alaska, 1910–2010","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9000559,"text":"ds568 - 2010 - Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions, Alaska, 1910–2010","indexId":"ds568","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Catalogue of Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Maternal Den Locations in the Beaufort Sea and Neighboring Regions, Alaska, 1910–2010","title":"Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions, Alaska, 1910–2010"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70207463,"text":"ds1121 - 2020 - Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and nearby areas, 1910–2018","indexId":"ds1121","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and nearby areas, 1910–2018"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70207463,"text":"ds1121 - 2020 - Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and nearby areas, 1910–2018","indexId":"ds1121","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and nearby areas, 1910–2018"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T19:44:17","indexId":"ds568","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"568","displayTitle":"Catalogue of Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Maternal Den Locations in the Beaufort Sea and Neighboring Regions, Alaska, 1910–2010","title":"Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions, Alaska, 1910–2010","docAbstract":"This report presents data on the approximate locations and methods of discovery of 392 polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal dens found in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions between 1910 and 2010 that are archived by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska. A description of data collection methods, biases associated with collection method, primary time periods, and spatial resolution are provided. Polar bears in the Beaufort Sea and nearby regions den on both the sea ice and on land. Standardized VHF surveys and satellite radio telemetry data provide a general understanding of where polar bears have denned in this region over the past 3 decades. Den observations made during other research activities and anecdotal reports from other government agencies, coastal residents, and industry personnel also are reported. Data on past polar bear maternal den locations are provided to inform the public and to provide information for natural resource agencies in planning activities to avoid or minimize interference with polar bear maternity dens.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds568","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Fischbach, A.S., Amstrup, S.C., and Douglas, D.C., 2010, Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions, Alaska, 1910–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 568, Report: iv, 14 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds568.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds568.jpg"},{"id":287005,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/568/data/ds568_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1","size":"77 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 568 Appendix 1"},{"id":19186,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/568/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":287004,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/568/pdf/ds568.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 568"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.837890625,\n 63.27318217465046\n ],\n [\n -166.11328125,\n 68.9110048456202\n ],\n [\n -164.70703125,\n 68.89518688943544\n ],\n [\n -159.7412109375,\n 69.41124235697256\n ],\n [\n -156.97265625,\n 70.6854214427062\n ],\n [\n -154.5556640625,\n 70.36309108461556\n ],\n [\n -150.7763671875,\n 70.12542991464234\n ],\n [\n -146.2060546875,\n 69.90011762668541\n ],\n [\n -144.3603515625,\n 69.62651016802958\n ],\n [\n -143.96484375,\n 69.39578308847753\n ],\n [\n -141.2841796875,\n 69.53451763078358\n ],\n [\n -140.09765625,\n 69.25614923150721\n ],\n [\n -136.845703125,\n 68.76823505122316\n ],\n [\n -136.1865234375,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -134.296875,\n 69.7333343903359\n ],\n [\n -130.5615234375,\n 70.18510275498964\n ],\n [\n -128.1005859375,\n 70.72897946208789\n ],\n [\n -125.15625000000001,\n 70.12542991464234\n ],\n [\n -120.89355468749999,\n 69.76375692223178\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 68.89518688943544\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 69.2249968541159\n ],\n [\n -116.630859375,\n 69.38031271734351\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 69.93030017617484\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 70.22974449563026\n ],\n [\n -116.19140625,\n 70.65633017009853\n ],\n [\n -117.90527343750001,\n 70.6854214427062\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 71.05979781529196\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 71.88357830131248\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 72.85498055182728\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 73.403337662912\n ],\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 74.94798346855312\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 75.40885422846455\n ],\n [\n -119.70703125,\n 75.6504309974655\n ],\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 76.84081641443098\n ],\n [\n -118.21289062499999,\n 77.67412223173523\n ],\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 77.07878389624943\n ],\n [\n -153.6328125,\n 76.94048839176439\n ],\n [\n -171.650390625,\n 77.61770905279676\n ],\n [\n -182.98828124999997,\n 70.9883492241249\n ],\n [\n -180.615234375,\n 70.40734767606811\n ],\n [\n -170.771484375,\n 66.75724984139227\n ],\n [\n -169.27734375,\n 66.12496236487968\n ],\n [\n -172.265625,\n 63.58767529470318\n ],\n [\n -169.8046875,\n 62.79493487887006\n ],\n [\n -168.837890625,\n 63.27318217465046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Regional Director, Alaska
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4560
The Johnson County Blue River Main Wastewater Treatment Facility discharges into the upper Blue River near the border between Johnson County, Kansas and Jackson County, Missouri. During 2005 through 2007 the wastewater treatment facility underwent upgrades to increase capacity and include biological nutrient removal. The effects of wastewater effluent on environmental and biological conditions of the upper Blue River were assessed by comparing an upstream site to two sites located downstream from the wastewater treatment facility. Environmental conditions were evaluated using previously and newly collected discrete and continuous data, and were compared with an assessment of biological community composition and ecosystem function along the upstream-downstream gradient. This evaluation is useful for understanding the potential effects of wastewater effluent on water quality, biological community structure, and ecosystem function. In addition, this information can be used to help achieve National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) wastewater effluent permit requirements after additional studies are conducted.
The effects of wastewater effluent on the water-quality conditions of the upper Blue River were most evident during below-normal and normal streamflows (about 75 percent of the time), when wastewater effluent contributed more than 20 percent to total streamflow. The largest difference in water-quality conditions between the upstream and downstream sites was in nutrient concentrations. Total and inorganic nutrient concentrations at the downstream sites during below-normal and normal streamflows were 4 to 15 times larger than at the upstream site, even after upgrades to the wastewater treatment facility were completed. However, total nitrogen concentrations decreased in wastewater effluent and at the downstream site following wastewater treatment facility upgrades. Similar decreases in total phosphorus were not observed, likely because the biological phosphorus removal process was not optimized until after the study was completed.
Total nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater treatment facility contributed a relatively small percentage (14 to 15 percent) to the annual nutrient load in the upper Blue River, but contributed substantially (as much as 75 percent) to monthly loads during seasonal low-flows in winter and summer. During 2007 and 2008, annual discharge from the wastewater treatment facility was about one-half maximum capacity, and estimated potential maximum annual loads were 1.6 to 2.4 times greater than annual loads before capacity upgrades. Even when target nutrient concentrations are met, annual nutrient loads will increase when the wastewater treatment facility is operated at full capacity. Regardless of changes in annual nutrient loads, the reduction of nutrient concentrations in the Blue River Main wastewater effluent will help prevent further degradation of the upper Blue River.
The Blue River Main Wastewater Treatment Facility wastewater effluent caused changes in concentrations of several water-quality constituents that may affect biological community structure and function including larger concentrations of bioavailable nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphorus) and smaller turbidities. Streambed-sediment conditions were similar along the upstream-downstream gradient and measured constituents did not exceed probable effect concentrations. Habitat conditions declined along the upstream-downstream gradient, largely because of decreased canopy cover and riparian buffer width and increased riffle-substrate fouling. Algal biomass, primary production, and the abundance of nutrient-tolerant diatoms substantially increased downstream from the wastewater treatment facility. Likewise, the abundance of intolerant macroinvertebrate taxa and Kansas Department of Health and Environment aquatic-life-support scores, derived from macroinvertebrate data, significantly decreased downstream from the wastewater treatment facility. Ecosystem functional health, evaluated using a preliminary framework based on primary production and community respiration, downstream from the wastewater treatment facility was mildly impaired relative to the upstream site during summer 2008 but not during other times of the year.
Upgrades to the Blue River Main Wastewater Treatment Facility improved wastewater effluent quality, but the wastewater effluent discharge still had negative effects on the water quality and biological conditions at the downstream sites. Wastewater effluent discharge into the upper Blue River likely contributed to changes in measures of ecosystem structure (streamflow, water chemistry, algal biomass, algal periphyton and macroinvertebrate community composition) and primary production, a measure of ecosystem function, along the upstream-downstream gradient. Because the Blue River Main Wastewater Treatment Facility is located in a rapidly urbanizing area, urbanization effects also may play a role in the decline in environmental and biological conditions along the upstream-downstream gradient. Despite these differences in environmental and biological conditions, ecosystem functional health was not impaired downstream from the WWTF during most times of the year, indicating the declines in environmental and biological conditions along the upstream-downstream gradient were not substantial enough to cause persistent changes in ecosystem function.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105248","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.L., Stone, M.L., Rasmussen, T.J., and Poulton, B.C., 2010, Effects of wastewater effluent discharge and treatment facility upgrades on environmental and biological conditions of the upper Blue River, Johnson County, Kansas and Jackson County, Missouri, January 2003 through March 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5248, ix, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105248.","productDescription":"ix, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431731,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94726.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14419,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Conic Equal-Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri","county":"Jackson County, Johnson County","otherGeospatial":"Upper Blue River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.833,\n 38.7361\n ],\n [\n -94.833,\n 39.1161\n ],\n [\n -94.4353,\n 39.1161\n ],\n [\n -94.4353,\n 38.7361\n ],\n [\n -94.833,\n 38.7361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Mandy L. 0000-0002-6711-1536 mstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-1536","contributorId":4409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mandy","email":"mstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042356,"text":"70042356 - 2010 - İhtimaller Hesabına Dayalı İstanbul ve Çevresindeki Deprem Tehlikesi (Seismic hazard assessment of Istanbul and its surroundings)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T15:08:04","indexId":"70042356","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-05T14:59:53","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":991,"text":"Bilim ve Teknik (Science and Technology Magazine)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"İhtimaller Hesabına Dayalı İstanbul ve Çevresindeki Deprem Tehlikesi (Seismic hazard assessment of Istanbul and its surroundings)","docAbstract":"Bu yazının amacı, İstanbul ve yakın çevresinin maruz olduğu deprem tehlikesine dair 1999 depremlerinden bu yana devam eden tartışmalara bilimsel verilere ve hesaplara dayanan ve mümkün olduğu ölçüde kolay anlaşılır bir açıklama getirmektir. Depremlerin bir bölgede yaratabileceği tehlike, yani yerin sarsılması yüzünden yapılar üzerinde doğacak deprem etkileri, bölgenin deprem riskine, yani o bölgede olabilecek en yüksek deprem büyüklüğüne ve bölgenin zemin durumuna bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, deprem oluşturma potansiyeline sahip aktif faylar ve son 500 yılda meydana gelmiş depremler ihtimal hesapları kullanılarak ilişkilendirilmiş ve Marmara Bölgesi’nde deprem sonucu doğacak yer hareketi şiddetinin dağılımı haritalanmıştır. Sunulan yeni deprem tehlike haritaları önceki bölgesel tehlike haritaları ile karşılaştırıldığında, Marmara Bölgesi’nde hissedilebilecek yer hareketi şiddetinde, benzer çalışmalara oranla % 10 ila % 15 arası artış görülmektedir.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bilim ve Teknik (Science and Technology Magazine)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Turkish","usgsCitation":"Gulkan, P., and Kalkan, E., 2010, İhtimaller Hesabına Dayalı İstanbul ve Çevresindeki Deprem Tehlikesi (Seismic hazard assessment of Istanbul and its surroundings): Bilim ve Teknik (Science and Technology Magazine), p. 30-35.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-021224","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287095,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/ekalkan/PDFs/A62_Gulkan_Kalkan.pdf"}],"country":"Turkey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 25.66,35.81 ], [ 25.66,42.11 ], [ 44.82,42.11 ], [ 44.82,35.81 ], [ 25.66,35.81 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53733f11e4b0497061278952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gulkan, Polat","contributorId":78532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulkan","given":"Polat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, E.","contributorId":101189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70111603,"text":"70111603 - 2010 - Effects of water hardness on size and hatching success of silver carp eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-05T14:25:21","indexId":"70111603","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-05T14:16:58","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water hardness on size and hatching success of silver carp eggs","docAbstract":"Eggs of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix absorb water after release from the female, causing them to become turgid and to increase substantially in size. The volume of water that diffuses within an egg is most likely determined by (1) the difference in ionic concentration between the egg and the water that surrounds it and (2) the elasticity of the egg membrane. Prior observations suggest that silver carp eggs may swell and burst in soft waters. If water hardness affects silver carp reproductive success in nonnative ecosystems, this abiotic factor could limit silver carp distribution or abundance. In this study, we tested the effect of water hardness on silver carp egg enlargement and hatching success. Groups of newly fertilized silver carp eggs were placed in water at one of five nominal water hardness levels (50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg/L as CaCO3) for 1 h to harden (absorb water after fertilization). Egg groups were then placed in separate incubation vessels housed in two recirculation systems that were supplied with either soft (50 mg/L as CaCO3) or hard (250 mg/L as CaCO3) water to evaluate hatching success. Tests were terminated within 24 h after viable eggs had hatched. Eggs that were initially placed in 50-mg/L water to harden were larger (i.e., swelled more) and had a greater probability of hatch than eggs hardened in other water hardness levels. Unlike the effect of water hardness during egg hardening, the water hardness during incubation appeared to have no effect on egg hatching success. Our research suggests that water hardness may not be a limiting factor in the reproduction, recruitment, and range expansion of silver carp in North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M09-067.1","usgsCitation":"Rach, J.J., Sass, G., Luoma, J.A., and Gaikowski, M.P., 2010, Effects of water hardness on size and hatching success of silver carp eggs: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 30, no. 1, p. 230-237, https://doi.org/10.1577/M09-067.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288117,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M09-067.1"}],"country":"United States","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53919163e4b06f80638265c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rach, Jeff J.","contributorId":38875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, Greg G.","contributorId":31281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Greg G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98980,"text":"ofr20101311 - 2010 - Audio-magnetotelluric survey to characterize the Sunnyside porphyry copper system in the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"ofr20101311","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1311","title":"Audio-magnetotelluric survey to characterize the Sunnyside porphyry copper system in the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Sunnyside porphyry copper system is part of the concealed San Rafael Valley porphyry system located in the Patagonia Mountains of Arizona. The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a series of multidisciplinary studies as part of the Assessment Techniques for Concealed Mineral Resources project. To help characterize the size, resistivity, and skin depth of the polarizable mineral deposit concealed beneath thick overburden, a regional east-west audio-magnetotelluric sounding profile was acquired. The purpose of this report is to release the audio-magnetotelluric sounding data collected along that east-west profile. No interpretation of the data is included.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101311","usgsCitation":"Sampson, J.A., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2010, Audio-magnetotelluric survey to characterize the Sunnyside porphyry copper system in the Patagonia Mountains, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1311, iii, 57 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101311.","productDescription":"iii, 57 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1311.bmp"},{"id":14414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1311/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66818d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98981,"text":"fs20103016 - 2010 - Regional climate change-Science in the Southeast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:44","indexId":"fs20103016","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3016","title":"Regional climate change-Science in the Southeast","docAbstract":"Resource managers are at the forefront of a new era of management. They must consider the potential impacts of climate change on the Nation's resources and proactively develop strategies for dealing with those impacts on plants, animals, and ecosystems. This requires rigorous, scientific understanding of environmental change.\r\n\r\nThe role of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in this effort is to analyze climate-change data and develop tools for assessing how changing conditions are likely to impact resources. This information will assist Federal, State, local, and tribal partners manage resources strategically. The 2008 Omnibus Budget Act and Secretarial Order 3289 established a new network of eight Department of Interior Regional Climate Science Centers to provide technical support for resource managers.\r\n\r\nThe Southeast Regional Assessment Project (SERAP) is the first regional assessment to be funded by the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (http://nccw.usgs.gov/). The USGS is working closely with the developing Department of Interior Landscape Conservation Cooperatives to ensure that the project will meet the needs of resource managers in the Southeast. In addition, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is providing resources to the SERAP to expand the scope of the project.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103016","usgsCitation":"Jones, S.A., 2010, Regional climate change-Science in the Southeast: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3016, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103016.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3016.bmp"},{"id":14415,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62817a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}