{"pageNumber":"187","pageRowStart":"4650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16504,"records":[{"id":70034988,"text":"70034988 - 2011 - Arsenic in sediments, groundwater, and streamwater of a glauconitic Coastal Plain terrain, New Jersey, USA-Chemical \" fingerprints\" for geogenic and anthropogenic sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-03T19:22:54.817884","indexId":"70034988","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in sediments, groundwater, and streamwater of a glauconitic Coastal Plain terrain, New Jersey, USA-Chemical \" fingerprints\" for geogenic and anthropogenic sources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Glauconite-bearing deposits are found worldwide, but As levels have been determined for relatively few. The As content of glauconites in sediments of the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey can exceed 100</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg/kg, and total As concentrations (up to 5.95</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μg/L) found historically and recently in streamwaters exceed the State standard. In a major watershed of the Inner Coastal Plain, chemical “fingerprints” were developed for streambed sediments and groundwater to identify contributions of As to the watershed from geologic and anthropogenic sources. The fingerprint for streambed sediments, which included Be, Cr, Fe and V, indicated that As was predominantly of geologic origin. High concentrations of dissolved organic C, nutrients (and Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span>) in shallow groundwater indicated anthropogenic inputs that provided an environment where microbial activity released As from minerals to groundwater discharging to the stream. Particulates in streamwater during high flow constituted most of the As load; the chemical patterns for these particulates resembled the geologic fingerprint of the streambed sediments. The As/Cr ratio of these suspended particles likely indicates they derived not only from runoff, but from groundwater inputs, because As contributed by groundwater is sequestered on streambed sediments. Agricultural inputs of As were not clearly identified, although chemical characteristics of some sediments indicated vehicle-related inputs of metals. Sediment sampling during dry and wet years showed that, under differing hydrologic conditions, local anthropogenic fingerprints could be obscured but the geologic fingerprint, indicating glauconitic sediments as an As source, was robust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.034","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Reilly, P.A., Eberl, D.D., Blum, A., Bonin, J., Rosman, R., Hirst, B., Alebus, M., Cenno, K., and Gorska, M., 2011, Arsenic in sediments, groundwater, and streamwater of a glauconitic Coastal Plain terrain, New Jersey, USA-Chemical \" fingerprints\" for geogenic and anthropogenic sources: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 5, p. 763-776, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.034.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"776","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215440,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.034"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.5419921875,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.68505859374999,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.06982421875,\n              39.757879992021756\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.916015625,\n              40.212440718286466\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5751953125,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.21240234375,\n              39.87601941962116\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5419921875,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed94e4b0c8380cd498b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia jbarring@usgs.gov","contributorId":169542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia","email":"jbarring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonin, J.L. 0000-0002-5813-3549","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5813-3549","contributorId":55642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosman, Robert 0000-0001-5042-1872 rrosman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-1872","contributorId":2846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"Robert","email":"rrosman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hirst, B.","contributorId":78555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirst","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Alebus, M.","contributorId":84166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alebus","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cenno, K.","contributorId":66919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cenno","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gorska, M.","contributorId":87773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorska","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70036332,"text":"70036332 - 2011 - Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:03:05","indexId":"70036332","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Quantifying changes in thermokarst lake extent is of importance for understanding the permafrost-related carbon budget, including the potential release of carbon via lake expansion or sequestration as peat in drained lake basins. We used high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery from 1950/51, 1978, and 2006/07 to quantify changes in thermokarst lakes for a 700 km<sup>2</sup> area on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The number of water bodies larger than 0.1 ha increased over the entire observation period (666 to 737 or +10.7%); however, total surface area decreased (5,066 ha to 4,312 ha or -14.9%). This pattern can largely be explained by the formation of remnant ponds following partial drainage of larger water bodies. Thus, analysis of large lakes (&gt;40 ha) shows a decrease of 24% and 26% in number and area, respectively, differing from lake changes reported from other continuous permafrost regions. Thermokarst lake expansion rates did not change substantially between 1950/51 and 1978 (0.35 m/yr) and 1978 and 2006/07 (0.39 m/yr). However, most lakes that drained did expand as a result of surface permafrost degradation before lateral drainage. Drainage rates over the observation period were stable (2.2 to 2.3 per year). Thus, analysis of decadal-scale, high spatial resolution imagery has shown that lake drainage in this region is triggered by lateral breaching and not subterranean infiltration. Future research should be directed toward better understanding thermokarst lake dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution as these systems have implications for landscape-scale hydrology and carbon budgets in thermokarst lake-rich regions in the circum-Arctic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001666","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Arp, C., Jones, M., Walter, A.K., and Romanovsky, V., 2011, Modern thermokarst lake dynamics in the continuous permafrost zone, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 116, no. G2, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001666.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475306,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jg001666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001666"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 140.3,51.2 ], [ 140.3,73.3 ], [ -130.0,73.3 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 140.3,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"G2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca4e4b0c8380cd6fe46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, M.C.","contributorId":62446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, Anthony K.M.","contributorId":49633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042392,"text":"70042392 - 2011 - Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-13T06:34:57","indexId":"70042392","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond","docAbstract":"<p>Movement of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) through the hydrologic cycle is an important component of global carbon budgets, but there is considerable uncertainty about the controls of DIC transmission from landscapes to streams, and through river networks to the oceans. In this study, diel measurements of DIC, d13C-DIC, dissolved oxygen (O2), d18O-O2, alkalinity, pH, and other parameters were used to assess the relative magnitudes of biological and geochemical controls on DIC cycling and flux in a nutrient-rich, net autotrophic stream. Rates of photosynthesis (P), respiration (R), groundwater discharge, air–water exchange of CO2, and carbonate precipitation/dissolution were quantified through a time-stepping chemical/isotope (12C and 13C, 16O and 18O) mass balance model. Groundwater was the major source of DIC to the stream. Primary production and carbonate precipitation were equally important sinks for DIC removed from the water column. The stream was always super-saturated with respect to carbonate minerals, but carbonate precipitation occurred mainly during the day when P increased pH. We estimated more than half (possibly 90%) of the carbonate precipitated during the day was retained in the reach under steady baseflow conditions. The amount of DIC removed from the overlying water through carbonate precipitation was similar to the amount of DIC generated from R. Air–water exchange of CO2 was always from the stream to the atmosphere, but was the smallest component of the DIC budget. Overall, the in-stream DIC reactions reduced the amount of CO2 evasion and the downstream flux of groundwater-derived DIC by about half relative to a hypothetical scenario with groundwater discharge only. Other streams with similar characteristics are widely distributed in the major river basins of North America. Data from USGS water quality monitoring networks from the 1960s to the 1990s indicated that 40% of 652 stream monitoring stations in the contiguous USA were at or above the equilibrium saturation state for calcite, and 77% of all stations exhibited apparent increases in saturation state from the 1960/70s to the 1980/90s. Diel processes including partially irreversible carbonate precipitation may affect net carbon fluxes from many such watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.012","usgsCitation":"Tobias, C., and Bohlke, J., 2011, Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond: Chemical Geology, v. 283, no. 1-2, p. 18-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-022716","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.33203125,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3671875,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.97656249999999,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              27.68352808378776\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.90234375,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              25.48295117535531\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46484375,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70703125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.30078125,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.48828125,\n              40.84706035607122\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              43.83452678223682\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.78515625,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8671875,\n              49.38237278700955\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"283","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ebfc72e4b07f1501afcfc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tobias, Craig","contributorId":90612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034222,"text":"70034222 - 2011 - The challenge of interpreting environmental tracer concentrations in fractured rock and carbonate aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:09:06","indexId":"70034222","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The challenge of interpreting environmental tracer concentrations in fractured rock and carbonate aquifers","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English, French, Spanish","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0678-x","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., 2011, The challenge of interpreting environmental tracer concentrations in fractured rock and carbonate aquifers: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 1, p. 9-12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0678-x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa11e4b08c986b3226e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034115,"text":"70034115 - 2011 - Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:20:13","indexId":"70034115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements","docAbstract":"<p>Field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure were evaluated by employing caged deposit-feeders, Neanthes arenaceodentata, along with polyoxymethylene (POM) samplers using parallel in situ and ex situ bioassays with homogenized untreated or activated carbon (AC) amended sediment. The AC amendment achieved a remedial efficiency in reducing bioaccumulation by 90% in the laboratory and by 44% in the field transplants. In situ measurements showed that PCB uptake by POM samplers was greater for POM placed in the surface sediment compared with the underlying AC amendment, suggesting that tidal exchange of surrounding material with similar PCB availability as untreated sediment was redeposited in the cages. Polychlorinated biphenyls bioaccumulation with caged polychaetes from untreated sediment was half as large under field conditions compared with laboratory conditions. A biodynamic model was used to confirm and quantify the different processes that could have influenced these results. Three factors appeared most influential in the bioassays: AC amendment significantly reduces bioavailability under laboratory and field conditions; sediment deposition within test cages in the field partially masks the remedial benefit of underlying AC-amended sediment; and deposit-feeders exhibit less PCB uptake from untreated sediment when feeding is reduced. Ex situ and in situ experiments inevitably show some differences that are associated with measurement methods and effects of the environment. Parallel ex situ and in situ bioassays, passive sampler measurements, and quantifying important processes with a model can tease apart these field influences.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.367","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Janssen, E., Oen, A., Luoma, S.N., and Luthy, R., 2011, Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 1, p. 173-180, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.367.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee30e4b0c8380cd49bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, E.M.","contributorId":78582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oen, A.M.","contributorId":87782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oen","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luthy, R.G.","contributorId":36335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthy","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034111,"text":"70034111 - 2011 - Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T10:10:14","indexId":"70034111","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams","docAbstract":"<p>Understanding the potential effects of increased reliance on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to meet municipal, agricultural, and environmental flow requires an understanding of the complex chemical loading characteristics of the WWTPs and the assimilative capacity of receiving waters. Stream ecosystem effects are linked to proportions of WWTP effluent under low-flow conditions as well as the nature of the effluent chemical mixtures. This study quantifies the loading of 58 inorganic constituents (nutrients to rare earth elements) from WWTP discharges relative to upstream landscape-based sources. Stream assimilation capacity was evaluated by Lagrangian sampling, using flow velocities determined from tracer experiments to track the same parcel of water as it moved downstream. Boulder Creek, Colorado and Fourmile Creek, Iowa, representing two different geologic and hydrologic landscapes, were sampled under low-flow conditions in the summer and spring. One-half of the constituents had greater loads from the WWTP effluents than the upstream drainages, and once introduced into the streams, dilution was the predominant assimilation mechanism. Only ammonium and bismuth had significant decreases in mass load downstream from the WWTPs during all samplings. The link between hydrology and water chemistry inherent in Lagrangian sampling allows quantitative assessment of chemical fate across different landscapes.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es104138y","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Antweiler, R.C., Flynn, J., Keefe, S., Kolpin, D., Roth, D., Schnoebelen, D., Taylor, H.E., and Verplanck, P., 2011, Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 7, p. 2575-2583, https://doi.org/10.1021/es104138y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2575","endPage":"2583","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-014941","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4134e4b0c8380cd653a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, J.L.","contributorId":39889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefe, S.H.","contributorId":18965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schnoebelen, D.J.","contributorId":98352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70034021,"text":"70034021 - 2011 - A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034021","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations","docAbstract":"It is known that GPS time series contain a seasonal variation that is not due to tectonic motions, and it has recently been shown that crustal seismic velocities may also vary seasonally. In order to explain these changes, a number of hypotheses have been given, among which thermoelastic and hydrology-induced stresses and strains are leading candidates. Unfortunately, though, since a general framework does not exist for understanding such seasonal variations, it is currently not possible to quickly evaluate the plausibility of these hypotheses. To fill this gap in the literature, I generalize a two-dimensional thermoelastic strain model to provide an analytic solution for the displacements and wave speed changes due to either thermoelastic stresses or hydrologic loading, which consists of poroelastic stresses and purely elastic stresses. The thermoelastic model assumes a periodic surface temperature, and the hydrologic models similarly assume a periodic near-surface water load. Since all three models are two-dimensional and periodic, they are expected to only approximate any realistic scenario; but the models nonetheless provide a quantitative framework for estimating the effects of thermoelastic and hydrologic variations. Quantitative comparison between the models and observations is further complicated by the large uncertainty in some of the relevant parameters. Despite this uncertainty, though, I find that maximum realistic thermoelastic effects are unlikely to explain a large fraction of the observed annual variation in a typical GPS displacement time series or of the observed annual variations in seismic wave speeds in southern California. Hydrologic loading, on the other hand, may be able to explain a larger fraction of both the annual variations in displacements and seismic wave speeds. Neither model is likely to explain all of the seismic wave speed variations inferred from observations. However, more definitive conclusions cannot be made until the model parameters are better constrained. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JB008156","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tsai, V., 2011, A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008156.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475434,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb008156","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008156"},{"id":244569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46be4b0c8380cd4665b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsai, V.C.","contributorId":41661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033988,"text":"70033988 - 2011 - Effects of humic substances on precipitation and aggregation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T19:33:05","indexId":"70033988","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of humic substances on precipitation and aggregation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nanoparticulate metal sulfides such as ZnS can influence the transport and bioavailability of pollutant metals in anaerobic environments. The aim of this work was to investigate how the composition of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) influences the stability of zinc sulfide nanoparticles as they nucleate and aggregate in water with dissolved NOM. We compared NOM fractions that were isolated from several surface waters and represented a range of characteristics including molecular weight, type of carbon, and ligand density. Dynamic light scattering was employed to monitor the growth and aggregation of Zn−S−NOM nanoparticles in supersaturated solutions containing dissolved aquatic humic substances. The NOM was observed to reduce particle growth rates, depending on solution variables such as type and concentration of NOM, monovalent electrolyte concentration, and pH. The rates of growth increased with increasing ionic strength, indicating that observed growth rates primarily represented aggregation of charged Zn−S−NOM particles. Furthermore, the observed rates decreased with increasing molecular weight and aromatic content of the NOM fractions, while carboxylate and reduced sulfur content had little effect. Differences between NOM were likely due to properties that increased electrosteric hindrances for aggregation. Overall, results of this study suggest that the composition and source of NOM are key factors that contribute to the stabilization and persistence of zinc sulfide nanoparticles in the aquatic environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es1029798","usgsCitation":"Deonarine, A., Lau, B., Aiken, G.R., Ryan, J.N., and Hsu-Kim, H., 2011, Effects of humic substances on precipitation and aggregation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3217-3223, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1029798.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3217","endPage":"3223","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071be4b0c8380cd5156d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deonarine, Amrika adeonarine@usgs.gov","contributorId":5072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deonarine","given":"Amrika","email":"adeonarine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lau, Boris","contributorId":62287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lau","given":"Boris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hsu-Kim, Heileen","contributorId":49041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsu-Kim","given":"Heileen","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046617,"text":"70046617 - 2011 - GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:22:06","indexId":"70046617","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow","docAbstract":"This dataset, termed \"GAGES II\", an acronym for Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, version II, provides geospatial data and classifications for 9,322 stream gages maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). It is an update to the original GAGES, which was published as a Data Paper on the journal Ecology's website (Falcone and others, 2010b) in 2010. The GAGES II dataset consists of gages which have had either 20+ complete years (not necessarily continuous) of discharge record since 1950, or are currently active, as of water year 2009, and whose watersheds lie within the United States, including Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Reference gages were identified based on indicators that they were the least-disturbed watersheds within the framework of broad regions, based on 12 major ecoregions across the United States. Of the 9,322 total sites, 2,057 are classified as reference, and 7,265 as non-reference. Of the 2,057 reference sites, 1,633 have (through 2009) 20+ years of record since 1950. Some sites have very long flow records: a number of gages have been in continuous service since 1900 (at least), and have 110 years of complete record (1900-2009) to date. The geospatial data include several hundred watershed characteristics compiled from national data sources, including environmental features (e.g. climate – including historical precipitation, geology, soils, topography) and anthropogenic influences (e.g. land use, road density, presence of dams, canals, or power plants). The dataset also includes comments from local USGS Water Science Centers, based on Annual Data Reports, pertinent to hydrologic modifications and influences. The data posted also include watershed boundaries in GIS format. This overall dataset is different in nature to the USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN; Slack and Landwehr 1992), whose data evaluation ended with water year 1988. The HCDN identifies stream gages which at some point in their history had periods which represented natural flow, and the years in which those natural flows occurred were identified (i.e. not all HCDN sites were in reference condition even in 1988, for example, 02353500). The HCDN remains a valuable indication of historic natural streamflow data. However, the goal of this dataset was to identify watersheds which currently have near-natural flow conditions, and the 2,057 reference sites identified here were derived independently of the HCDN. A subset, however, noted in the BasinID worksheet as “HCDN-2009”, has been identified as an updated list of 743 sites for potential hydro-climatic study. The HCDN-2009 sites fulfill all of the following criteria: (a) have 20 years of complete and continuous flow record in the last 20 years (water years 1990-2009), and were thus also currently active as of 2009, (b) are identified as being in current reference condition according to the GAGES-II classification, (c) have less than 5 percent imperviousness as measured from the NLCD 2006, and (d) were not eliminated by a review from participating state Water Science Center evaluators. The data posted here consist of the following items:- This point shapefile, with summary data for the 9,322 gages.- A zip file containing basin characteristics, variable definitions, and a more detailed report.- A zip file containing shapefiles of basin boundaries, organized by classification and aggregated ecoregion.- A zip file containing mainstem stream lines (Arc line coverages) for each gage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046617","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., 2011, GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046617.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273765,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/gagesII_Sept2011.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.000000,5.402082 ], [ -180.000000,90.000000 ], [ 180.000000,90.000000 ], [ 180.000000,5.402082 ], [ -180.000000,5.402082 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02feae4b0ee1529ed3cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046785,"text":"70046785 - 2011 - A Digital Hydrologic Network Supporting NAWQA MRB SPARROW Modeling--MRB_E2RF1WS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T13:04:35","indexId":"70046785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":361,"text":"General Information","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"A Digital Hydrologic Network Supporting NAWQA MRB SPARROW Modeling--MRB_E2RF1WS","docAbstract":"A digital hydrologic network was developed to support SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models within selected regions of the United States. These regions correspond with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Major River Basin (MRB) study units 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 (Preston and others, 2009).  MRB2, covers the South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee River basins.  MRB3, covers the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy River basins.  MRB4, covers the Missouri River basins.  MRB5, covers the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf River basins.  MRB7, covers the Pacific Northwest River basins. The digital hydrologic network described here represents surface-water pathways (MRB_E2RF1) and associated catchments (MRB_E2RF1WS). It serves as the fundamental framework to spatially reference and summarize explanatory information supporting nutrient SPARROW models (Brakebill and others, 2011; Wieczorek and LaMotte, 2011). The principal geospatial dataset used to support this regional effort was based on an enhanced version of a 1:500,000 scale digital stream-reach network (ERF1_2) (Nolan et al., 2002). Enhancements included associating over 3,500 water-quality monitoring sites to the reach network, improving physical locations of stream reaches at or near monitoring locations, and generating drainage catchments based on 100m elevation data. A unique number (MRB_ID) identifies each reach as a single unit. This unique number is also shared by the catchment area drained by the reach, thus spatially linking the hydrologically connected streams and the respective drainage area characteristics. In addition, other relevant physical, environmental, and monitoring information can be associated to the common network and accessed using the unique identification number.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046785","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J., and Terziotti, S., 2011, A Digital Hydrologic Network Supporting NAWQA MRB SPARROW Modeling--MRB_E2RF1WS (1.0): General Information, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046785.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274629,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mrb_e2rf1ws.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -128.290499,23.033207 ], [ -128.290499,52.450082 ], [ -64.959844,52.450082 ], [ -64.959844,23.033207 ], [ -128.290499,23.033207 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dbdf64e4b0f81004b77c9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakebill, J. W.","contributorId":48206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terziotti, S.E.","contributorId":6287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035865,"text":"70035865 - 2011 - Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T13:10:39.404755","indexId":"70035865","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northern Rocky Mountains (NRMs) are a critical headwaters region with the majority of water resources originating from mountain snowpack. Observations showing declines in western U.S. snowpack have implications for water resources and biophysical processes in high-mountain environments. This study investigates oceanic and atmospheric controls underlying changes in timing, variability, and trends documented across the entire hydroclimatic-monitoring system within critical NRM watersheds. Analyses were conducted using records from 25 snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations, 148 1 April snow course records, stream gauge records from 14 relatively unimpaired rivers, and 37 valley meteorological stations. Over the past four decades, midelevation SNOTEL records show a tendency toward decreased snowpack with peak snow water equivalent (SWE) arriving and melting out earlier. Temperature records show significant seasonal and annual decreases in the number of frost days (days ≤0°C) and changes in spring minimum temperatures that correspond with atmospheric circulation changes and surface–albedo feedbacks in March and April. Warmer spring temperatures coupled with increases in mean and variance of spring precipitation correspond strongly to earlier snowmeltout, an increased number of snow-free days, and observed changes in streamflow timing and discharge. The majority of the variability in peak and total annual snowpack and streamflow, however, is explained by season-dependent interannual-to-interdecadal changes in atmospheric circulation associated with Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures. Over recent decades, increased spring precipitation appears to be buffering NRM total annual streamflow from what would otherwise be greater snow-related declines in hydrologic yield. Results have important implications for ecosystems, water resources, and long-lead-forecasting capabilities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2010JCLI3729.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Pederson, G.T., Gray, S., Ault, T., Marsh, W., Fagre, D.B., Bunn, A., Woodhouse, C., and Graumlich, L., 2011, Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains: Journal of Climate, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1666-1687, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3729.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1666","endPage":"1687","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3729.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Northern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.44482421875,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13623046874999,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18017578125,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.58740234375,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3896484375,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              45.920587344733654\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.44482421875,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f660e4b0c8380cd4c71b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ault, T.","contributorId":83760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsh, W.","contributorId":94884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bunn, A.G.","contributorId":105147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunn","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodhouse, C.A.","contributorId":62407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graumlich, L.J.","contributorId":30417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graumlich","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035873,"text":"70035873 - 2011 - Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T08:21:28","indexId":"70035873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation","docAbstract":"Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, largely in reduced form (NH<sub>4</sub>(T)≈NH<sub>4(aq)</sub><sup>+</sup>+NH<sub>3(aq)</sub><sup>o</sup>), has been documented in thermal waters throughout Yellowstone National Park, with concentrations ranging from a few micromolar along the Firehole River to millimolar concentrations at Washburn Hot Springs. Indirect evidence from rock nitrogen analyses and previous work on organic compounds associated with Washburn Hot Springs and the Mirror Plateau indicate multiple sources for thermal water NH<sub>4</sub>(T), including Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks, Eocene lacustrine deposits, and glacial deposits. A positive correlation between NH<sub>4</sub>(T) concentration and δ<sup>18</sup>O of thermal water indicates that boiling is an important mechanism for increasing concentrations of NH<sub>4</sub>(T) and other solutes in some areas. The isotopic composition of dissolved NH<sub>4</sub>(T) is highly variable (δ<sup>15</sup>N = −6‰ to +30‰) and is positively correlated with pH values. In comparison to likely δ<sup>15</sup>N values of nitrogen source materials (+1‰ to +7‰), high δ<sup>15</sup>N values in hot springs with pH >5 are attributed to isotope fractionation associated with NH<sub>3(aq)</sub><sup>o</sup> loss by volatilization. NH<sub>4</sub>(T) in springs with low pH typically is relatively unfractionated, except for some acid springs with negative δ<sup>15</sup>N values that are attributed to NH<sub>3(g)</sub><sup>o</sup> condensation. NH<sub>4</sub>(T) concentration and isotopic variations were evident spatially (between springs) and temporally (in individual springs). These variations are likely to be reflected in biomass and sediments associated with the hot springs and outflows. Elevated NH<sub>4</sub>(T) concentrations can persist for 10s to 1000s of meters in surface waters draining hot spring areas before being completely assimilated or oxidized.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J., Nordstrom, D.K., Böhlke, J., McCleskey, R.B., and Ball, J., 2011, Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 16, p. 4611-4636, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4611","endPage":"4636","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c0e4b0c8380cd48422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032575,"text":"70032575 - 2011 - Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:37:23","indexId":"70032575","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach","docAbstract":"<p>Few studies attempt to model the range of possible post-fire hydrologic and geomorphic hazards because of the sparseness of data and the coupled, nonlinear, spatial, and temporal relationships among landscape variables. In this study, a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, called a self-organized map (SOM), is trained using data from 540 burned basins in the western United States. The sparsely populated data set includes variables from independent numerical landscape categories (climate, land surface form, geologic texture, and post-fire condition), independent landscape classes (bedrock geology and state), and dependent initiation processes (runoff, landslide, and runoff and landslide combination) and responses (debris flows, floods, and no events). Pattern analysis of the SOM-based component planes is used to identify and interpret relations among the variables. Application of the Davies-Bouldin criteria following k-means clustering of the SOM neurons identified eight conceptual regional models for focusing future research and empirical model development. A split-sample validation on 60 independent basins (not included in the training) indicates that simultaneous predictions of initiation process and response types are at least 78% accurate. As climate shifts from wet to dry conditions, forecasts across the burned landscape reveal a decreasing trend in the total number of debris flow, flood, and runoff events with considerable variability among individual basins. These findings suggest the SOM may be useful in forecasting real-time post-fire hazards, and long-term post-recovery processes and effects of climate change scenarios.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.001","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2011, Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 26, no. 12, p. 1660-1674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1660","endPage":"1674","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c03e4b0c8380cd6f981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035928,"text":"70035928 - 2011 - Dissolved organic matter in the Florida everglades: Implications for ecosystem restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:48:53","indexId":"70035928","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic matter in the Florida everglades: Implications for ecosystem restoration","docAbstract":"<p>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Florida Everglades controls a number of environmental processes important for ecosystem function including the absorption of light, mineral dissolution/precipitation, transport of hydrophobic compounds (e.g., pesticides), and the transport and reactivity of metals, such as mercury. Proposed attempts to return the Everglades to more natural flow conditions will result in changes to the present transport of DOM from the Everglades Agricultural Area and the northern conservation areas to Florida Bay. In part, the restoration plan calls for increasing water flow throughout the Everglades by removing some of the manmade barriers to flow in place today. The land- and water-use practices associated with the plan will likely result in changes in the quality, quantity, and reactivity of DOM throughout the greater Everglades ecosystem. The authors discuss the factors controlling DOM concentrations and chemistry, present distribution of DOM throughout the Everglades, the potential effects of DOM on key water-quality issues, and the potential utility of dissolved organic matter as an indicator of success of restoration efforts.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis ","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.530934","issn":"10643389","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Gilmour, C., Krabbenhoft, D., and Orem, W., 2011, Dissolved organic matter in the Florida everglades: Implications for ecosystem restoration: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 217-248, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.530934.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.61468505859375,\n              25.122905883812052\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43914794921875,\n              25.122905883812052\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43914794921875,\n              25.8814655232439\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.61468505859375,\n              25.8814655232439\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.61468505859375,\n              25.122905883812052\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a023ae4b0c8380cd4ff61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmour, C.C.","contributorId":63558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, W. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":87335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036048,"text":"70036048 - 2011 - Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T18:57:14.263826","indexId":"70036048","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nightlight surveys are commonly used to evaluate status and trends of crocodilian populations, but imperfect detection caused by survey- and location-specific factors makes it difficult to draw population inferences accurately from uncorrected data. We used a two-stage hierarchical model comprising population abundance and detection probability to examine recent abundance trends of American alligators (</span><i>Alligator mississippiensis</i><span>) in subareas of Everglades wetlands in Florida using nightlight survey data. During 2001–2008, there were declining trends in abundance of small and/or medium sized animals in a majority of subareas, whereas abundance of large sized animals had either demonstrated an increased or unclear trend. For small and large sized class animals, estimated detection probability declined as water depth increased. Detection probability of small animals was much lower than for larger size classes. The declining trend of smaller alligators may reflect a natural population response to the fluctuating environment of Everglades wetlands under modified hydrology. It may have negative implications for the future of alligator populations in this region, particularly if habitat conditions do not favor recruitment of offspring in the near term. Our study provides a foundation to improve inferences made from nightlight surveys of other crocodilian populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Mazzotti, F., Dorazio, R., Rice, K.G., Cherkiss, M., and Jeffery, B., 2011, Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 1, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"South Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.2109375,\n              25.760319754713887\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9033203125,\n              25.264568475331583\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8154296875,\n              25.12539261151203\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              25.363882272740256\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.26611328125,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.37597656249999,\n              26.686729520004036\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              26.64745870265938\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              25.859223554761407\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2109375,\n              25.760319754713887\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6be4b0c8380cd526f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":38359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherkiss, M. 0000-0002-7802-6791","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":103496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeffery, B.","contributorId":53638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffery","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036136,"text":"70036136 - 2011 - Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:37:02.235544","indexId":"70036136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"Fungicides are used to prevent foliar diseases on a wide range of vegetable, field, fruit, and ornamental crops. They are generally more effective as protective rather than curative treatments, and hence tend to be applied before infections take place. Less than 1% of US soybeans were treated with a fungicide in 2002 but by 2006, 4% were treated. Like other pesticides, fungicides can move-off of fields after application and subsequently contaminate surface water, groundwater, and associated sediments. Due to the constant pressure from fungal diseases such as the recent Asian soybean rust outbreak, and the always-present desire to increase crop yields, there is the potential for a significant increase in the amount of fungicides used on US farms. Increased fungicide use could lead to increased environmental concentrations of these compounds. This study documents the occurrence of fungicides in select US streams soon after the first documentation of soybean rust in the US and prior to the corresponding increase in fungicide use to treat this problem. Water samples were collected from 29 streams in 13 states in 2005 and/or 2006, and analyzed for 12 target fungicides. Nine of the 12 fungicides were detected in at least one stream sample and at least one fungicide was detected in 20 of 29 streams. At least one fungicide was detected in 56% of the 103 samples, as many as five fungicides were detected in an individual sample, and mixtures of fungicides were common. Azoxystrobin was detected most frequently (45% of 103 samples) followed by metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), myclobutanil (9%), and tebuconazole (6%). Fungicide detections ranged from 0.002 to 1.15 &mu;/L. There was indication of a seasonal pattern to fungicide occurrence, with detections more common and concentrations higher in late summer and early fall than in spring. At a few sites, fungicides were detected in all samples collected suggesting the potential for season-long occurrence in some streams. Fungicide occurrence appears to be related to fungicide use in the associated drainage basins; however, current use information is generally lacking and more detailed occurrence data are needed to accurately quantify such a relation. Maximum concentrations of fungicides were typically one or more orders of magnitude less than current toxicity estimates for freshwater aquatic organisms or humans; however, gaps in current toxicological understandings of the effects of fungicides in the environment limit these interpretations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Sandstrom, M.W., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., and Meyer, M.T., 2011, Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 218, no. 1-4, p. 307-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bd3e4b0c8380cd748ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036175,"text":"70036175 - 2011 - Scale-dependent factors affecting North American river otter distribution in the midwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T16:48:27.777773","indexId":"70036175","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale-dependent factors affecting North American river otter distribution in the midwest","docAbstract":"<p><span>The North American river otter (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Lontra canadensis</span></i><span>) is recovering from near extirpation throughout much of its range. Although reintroductions, trapping regulations and habitat improvements have led to the reestablishment of river otters in the Midwest, little is known about how their distribution is influenced by local- and landscape-scale habitat. We conducted river otter sign surveys from Jan. to Apr. in 2008 and 2009 in eastern Kansas to assess how local- and landscape-scale habitat factors affect river otter occupancy. We surveyed three to nine 400-m stretches of stream and reservoir shorelines for 110 sites and measured local-scale variables (</span><i>e.g.,</i><span>&nbsp;stream order, land cover types) within a 100&nbsp;m buffer of the survey site and landscape-scale variables (</span><i>e.g.,</i><span>&nbsp;road density, land cover types) for Hydrological Unit Code 14 watersheds. We then used occupancy models that account for the probability of detection to estimate occupancy as a function of these covariates using Program PRESENCE. The best-fitting model indicated river otter occupancy increased with the proportion of woodland cover and decreased with the proportion of cropland and grassland cover at the local scale. Occupancy also increased with decreased shoreline diversity, waterbody density and stream density at the landscape scale. Occupancy was not affected by land cover or human disturbance at the landscape scale. Understanding the factors and scale important to river otter occurrence will be useful in identifying areas for management and continued restoration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-166.1.177","usgsCitation":"Jeffress, M.R., Paukert, C.P., Whittier, J.B., Sandercock, B.K., and Gipson, P.S., 2011, Scale-dependent factors affecting North American river otter distribution in the midwest: American Midland Naturalist, v. 166, no. 1, p. 177-193, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-166.1.177.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"193","ipdsId":"IP-015089","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":352,"text":"Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              36.932330061503144\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32861328125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32861328125,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7515869140625,\n              39.7240885773337\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.833984375,\n              39.93501296038254\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.11962890625,\n              39.918162846609455\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.29541015625,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.05322265625,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.83349609375,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.48193359375,\n              36.932330061503144\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"166","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b870de4b08c986b31629b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeffress, Mackenzie R.","contributorId":67346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffress","given":"Mackenzie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":352,"text":"Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":147821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittier, Joanna B.","contributorId":53151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandercock, B. K.","contributorId":61382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandercock","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gipson, P. S.","contributorId":70136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gipson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036213,"text":"70036213 - 2011 - Evaluation of TRIGRS (transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability analysis)'s predictive skill for hurricane-triggered landslides: A case study in Macon County, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T19:47:41.479357","indexId":"70036213","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of TRIGRS (transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability analysis)'s predictive skill for hurricane-triggered landslides: A case study in Macon County, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p><span>The key to advancing the predictability of rainfall-triggered landslides is to use physically based slope-stability models that simulate the transient dynamical response of the subsurface moisture to spatiotemporal variability of rainfall in complex terrains. TRIGRS (transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability analysis) is a USGS landslide prediction model, coded in Fortran, that accounts for the influences of hydrology, topography, and soil physics on slope stability. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal predictability of a Matlab version of TRIGRS (MaTRIGRS) in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina where Hurricanes Ivan triggered widespread landslides in the 2004 hurricane season. High resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data (6-m LiDAR), USGS STATSGO soil database, and NOAA/NWS combined radar and gauge precipitation are used as inputs to the model. A local landslide inventory database from North Carolina Geological Survey is used to evaluate the MaTRIGRS’ predictive skill for the landslide locations and timing, identifying predictions within a 120-m radius of observed landslides over the 30-h period of Hurricane Ivan’s passage in September 2004. Results show that within a radius of 24&nbsp;m from the landslide location about 67% of the landslide, observations could be successfully predicted but with a high false alarm ratio (90%). If the radius of observation is extended to 120&nbsp;m, 98% of the landslides are detected with an 18% false alarm ratio. This study shows that MaTRIGRS demonstrates acceptable spatiotemporal predictive skill for landslide occurrences within a 120-m radius in space and a hurricane-event-duration (h) in time, offering the potential to serve as a landslide warning system in areas where accurate rainfall forecasts and detailed field data are available. The validation can be further improved with additional landslide information including the exact time of failure for each landslide and the landslide’s extent and run out length.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11069-010-9670-y","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Liao, Z., Hong, Y., Kirschbaum, D., Adler, R., Gourley, J., and Wooten, R., 2011, Evaluation of TRIGRS (transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability analysis)'s predictive skill for hurricane-triggered landslides: A case study in Macon County, North Carolina: Natural Hazards, v. 58, no. 1, p. 325-339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9670-y.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"339","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218133,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9670-y"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Macon","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.6811,35.2794],[-83.6644,35.2835],[-83.4961,35.3004],[-83.4889,35.3043],[-83.4866,35.3044],[-83.4734,35.2993],[-83.4667,35.299],[-83.4583,35.3016],[-83.4493,35.315],[-83.4378,35.3217],[-83.4284,35.3247],[-83.414,35.3183],[-83.4101,35.3193],[-83.4003,35.3269],[-83.3885,35.3277],[-83.3654,35.3283],[-83.3599,35.333],[-83.3507,35.3288],[-83.338,35.3336],[-83.3317,35.3198],[-83.323,35.315],[-83.3126,35.2821],[-83.3149,35.2698],[-83.3083,35.26],[-83.2984,35.2548],[-83.2898,35.236],[-83.2862,35.2329],[-83.272,35.2292],[-83.2485,35.2326],[-83.2431,35.2382],[-83.2365,35.2425],[-83.2274,35.24],[-83.2178,35.2253],[-83.2246,35.1606],[-83.2126,35.1564],[-83.1962,35.1409],[-83.1868,35.1307],[-83.1758,35.1083],[-83.1494,35.0954],[-83.1451,35.0878],[-83.1459,35.08],[-83.1565,35.0775],[-83.1718,35.0671],[-83.1699,35.0608],[-83.1499,35.054],[-83.1341,35.0381],[-83.1314,35.0268],[-83.1224,35.013],[-83.1129,35.0141],[-83.1094,35.011],[-83.1076,35.0079],[-83.1052,35.002],[-83.1256,35.0014],[-83.4584,34.9946],[-83.4836,34.9946],[-83.4844,34.9946],[-83.4879,34.9981],[-83.5101,35.0047],[-83.5218,35.0026],[-83.5232,35.0093],[-83.5201,35.0154],[-83.5214,35.0185],[-83.5409,35.0393],[-83.5455,35.0414],[-83.55,35.0413],[-83.5573,35.0406],[-83.5656,35.0503],[-83.5628,35.0631],[-83.5664,35.0685],[-83.5838,35.0798],[-83.5854,35.0888],[-83.5998,35.097],[-83.613,35.1011],[-83.6165,35.1046],[-83.6165,35.116],[-83.6201,35.1218],[-83.6198,35.1282],[-83.6239,35.1303],[-83.6277,35.1279],[-83.6337,35.1232],[-83.6382,35.1244],[-83.6391,35.1308],[-83.636,35.1372],[-83.6384,35.139],[-83.647,35.1423],[-83.6503,35.1531],[-83.6572,35.1575],[-83.6589,35.157],[-83.6609,35.1519],[-83.6654,35.1504],[-83.6713,35.157],[-83.678,35.1568],[-83.6875,35.1542],[-83.6943,35.1554],[-83.7026,35.152],[-83.7128,35.1544],[-83.7265,35.1462],[-83.7387,35.1553],[-83.7319,35.1646],[-83.7301,35.1752],[-83.7243,35.1817],[-83.7122,35.1871],[-83.7102,35.1935],[-83.724,35.1994],[-83.7254,35.2039],[-83.7222,35.2081],[-83.715,35.212],[-83.708,35.2181],[-83.6971,35.2248],[-83.6929,35.2322],[-83.6916,35.24],[-83.6934,35.2426],[-83.6988,35.2479],[-83.6861,35.2665],[-83.6811,35.2794]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Macon\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c25e4b0c8380cd52a5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liao, Z.","contributorId":107137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hong, Y.","contributorId":67343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hong","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirschbaum, D.","contributorId":41686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adler, R.F.","contributorId":31243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adler","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gourley, J.J.","contributorId":45557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gourley","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooten, R.","contributorId":86610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooten","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035395,"text":"70035395 - 2011 - Potential increase in floods in California's Sierra Nevada under future climate projections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-24T19:19:07.269921","indexId":"70035395","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential increase in floods in California's Sierra Nevada under future climate projections","docAbstract":"<p><span>California’s mountainous topography, exposure to occasional heavily moisture-laden storm systems, and varied communities and infrastructures in low lying areas make it highly vulnerable to floods. An important question facing the state—in terms of protecting the public and formulating water management responses to climate change—is “how might future climate changes affect flood characteristics in California?” To help address this, we simulate floods on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the state’s primary catchment, based on downscaled daily precipitation and temperature projections from three General Circulation Models (GCMs). These climate projections are fed into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model, and the VIC-simulated streamflows and hydrologic conditions, from historical and from projected climate change runs, allow us to evaluate possible changes in annual maximum 3-day flood magnitudes and frequencies of floods. By the end of the 21st Century, all projections yield larger-than-historical floods, for both the Northern Sierra Nevada (NSN) and for the Southern Sierra Nevada (SSN). The increases in flood magnitude are statistically significant (at&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span> &lt;= 0.01) for all the three GCMs in the period 2051–2099. The frequency of flood events above selected historical thresholds also increases under projections from CNRM CM3 and NCAR PCM1 climate models, while under the third scenario, GFDL CM2.1, frequencies remain constant or decline slightly, owing to an overall drying trend. These increases appear to derive jointly from increases in heavy precipitation amount, storm frequencies, and days with more precipitation falling as rain and less as snow. Increases in antecedent winter soil moisture also play a role in some areas. Thus, a complex, as-yet unpredictable interplay of several different climatic influences threatens to cause increased flood hazards in California’s complex western Sierra landscapes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Das, T., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and Hidalgo, H., 2011, Potential increase in floods in California's Sierra Nevada under future climate projections: Climatic Change, v. 109, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 71-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487253,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-011-0298-z","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215230,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.0146484375,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6953125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82714843749999,\n              39.605688178320804\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0146484375,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.564453125,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0146484375,\n              38.85682013474361\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0146484375,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f43e4b0c8380cd7aa11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033872,"text":"70033872 - 2011 - The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T12:03:40.324623","indexId":"70033872","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka","docAbstract":"<p>A sediment core taken from the western edge of the Bonneville Basin has provided high-resolution proxy records of relative lake-size change for the period 45.1–10.5 calendar ka (hereafter ka). Age control was provided by a paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV)-based age model for Blue Lake core BL04-4. Continuous records of δ18O and total inorganic carbon (TIC) generally match an earlier lake-level envelope based on outcrops and geomorphic features, but with differences in the timing of some hydrologic events/states. The Stansbury Oscillation was found to consist of two oscillations centered on 25 and 24 ka. Lake Bonneville appears to have reached its geomorphic highstand and began spilling at 18.5 ka. The fall from the highstand to the Provo level occurred at 17.0 ka and the lake intermittently overflowed at the Provo level until 15.2 ka, at which time the lake fell again, bottoming out at ∼14.7 ka. The lake also fell briefly below the Provo level at ∼15.9 ka. Carbonate and δ18O data indicate that between 14.7 and 13.1 ka the lake slowly rose to the Gilbert shoreline and remained at about that elevation until 11.6 ka, when it fell again. Chemical and sedimentological data indicate that a marsh formed in the Blue Lake area at 10.5 ka.</p><p>Relatively dry periods in the BL04-4 records are associated with Heinrich events H1–H4, suggesting that either the warming that closely followed a Heinrich event increased the evaporation rate in the Bonneville Basin and (or) that the core of the polar jet stream (PJS) shifted north of the Bonneville Basin in response to massive losses of ice from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during the Heinrich event. The second Stansbury Oscillation occurred during Heinrich event H2, and the Gilbert wet event occurred during the Younger Dryas cold interval. Several relatively wet events in BL04-4 occur during Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) warm events.</p><p>The growth of the Bear River glacier between 32 and 17 ka paralleled changes in the values of proxy indicators of Bonneville Basin wetness and terminal moraines on the western side of the Wasatch Mountains have ages ranging from 16.9 to 15.2 ka. This suggests a near synchroneity of change in the hydrologic and cryologic balances occurring in the Bonneville drainage system and that glacial extent was linked to lake size.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.014","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Lund, S., Smoot, J.P., Rhode, D., Spencer, R.J., Verosub, K., Louderback, L., Johnson, C.A., Rye, R.O., and Negrini, R., 2011, The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka: Quaternary International, v. 235, no. 1-2, p. 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","issue":"1-2","tableOfContents":"<p><br></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf44e4b08c986b324681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, S.P.","contributorId":98054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smoot, J. P.","contributorId":65878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhode, D.E.","contributorId":44430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhode","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spencer, R. J.","contributorId":56664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verosub, K.L.","contributorId":27211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verosub","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Louderback, L.A.","contributorId":16721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louderback","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Negrini, R.M.","contributorId":13049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negrini","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035060,"text":"70035060 - 2011 - Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:49:18","indexId":"70035060","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"aep-abstract-id19\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id20\"><p id=\"sp0045\">A 24-h field experiment was conducted during July 2008 at a wetland on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake (GSL) to assess the diurnal cycling of methylmercury (MeHg). Dissolved (&lt;&nbsp;0.45&nbsp;μm) MeHg showed a strong diurnal variation with consistently decreasing concentrations during daylight periods and increasing concentrations during non-daylight periods. The proportion of MeHg relative to total Hg in the water column consistently decreased with increasing sunlight duration, indicative of photodegradation. During the field experiment, measured MeHg photodegradation rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.06&nbsp;ng&nbsp;L<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>&nbsp;h<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>. Convective overturn of the water column driven by nighttime cooling of the water surface was hypothesized as the likely mechanism to replace the MeHg in the water column lost via photodegradation processes. A hydrodynamic model of the wetland successfully simulated convective overturn of the water column during the field experiment. Study results indicate that daytime monitoring of selected wetlands surrounding GSL may significantly underestimate the MeHg content in the water column. Wetland managers should consider practices that maximize the photodegradation of MeHg during daylight periods.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.005","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Cederberg, J., Krabbenhoft, D., Beisner, K.R., Whitehead, J., and Gardberg, J., 2011, Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 283, no. 1-2, p. 78-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":381,"text":"Mercury Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.236083984375,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.86279296875,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.86279296875,\n              41.763117447005875\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.236083984375,\n              41.763117447005875\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.236083984375,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"283","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0342e4b0c8380cd503bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cederberg, J.R.","contributorId":16239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederberg","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beisner, K. R. 0000-0002-2077-6899","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-6899","contributorId":30052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitehead, J.","contributorId":54409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardberg, J.","contributorId":42052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70004004,"text":"70004004 - 2011 - Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T19:44:08.913963","indexId":"70004004","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nightlight surveys are commonly used to evaluate status and trends of crocodilian populations, but imperfect detection caused by survey- and location-specific factors makes it difficult to draw population inferences accurately from uncorrected data. We used a two-stage hierarchical model comprising population abundance and detection probability to examine recent abundance trends of American alligators (</span><i>Alligator mississippiensis</i><span>) in subareas of Everglades wetlands in Florida using nightlight survey data. During 2001–2008, there were declining trends in abundance of small and/or medium sized animals in a majority of subareas, whereas abundance of large sized animals had either demonstrated an increased or unclear trend. For small and large sized class animals, estimated detection probability declined as water depth increased. Detection probability of small animals was much lower than for larger size classes. The declining trend of smaller alligators may reflect a natural population response to the fluctuating environment of Everglades wetlands under modified hydrology. It may have negative implications for the future of alligator populations in this region, particularly if habitat conditions do not favor recruitment of offspring in the near term. Our study provides a foundation to improve inferences made from nightlight surveys of other crocodilian populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Mazzotti, F., Dorazio, R.M., Rice, K.G., Cherkiss, M., and Jeffery, B., 2011, Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 1, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.84814453125,\n              25.110471486223346\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2716064453125,\n              25.110471486223346\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2716064453125,\n              26.559049984075532\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.84814453125,\n              26.559049984075532\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.84814453125,\n              25.110471486223346\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6ae4b0c8380cd526f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael 0000-0002-7802-6791","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":78068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeffery, Brian","contributorId":55672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffery","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70157342,"text":"70157342 - 2011 - Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T15:12:58.978676","indexId":"70157342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater provides much of the fresh drinking water to more than 1.5 billion people in the world (Clarke et al., 1996) and in the United States more that 50 percent of citizens rely on groundwater for drinking water (Solley et al., 1998). As aquifer systems are developed for water supply, the hydrologic system is changed. Water pumped from the aquifer system initially can come from some combination of inducing more recharge, water permanently removed from storage, and decreased groundwater discharge. Once a new equilibrium is achieved, all of the pumpage must come from induced recharge and decreased discharge (Alley et al., 1999). Further development of groundwater resources may result in reductions of surface water runoff and base flows. Competing demands for groundwater resources require good management. Adequate data to characterize the aquifers and confining units of the system, like hydrologic boundaries, groundwater levels, streamflow, and groundwater pumping and climatic data for recharge estimation are to be collected in order to quantify the effects of groundwater withdrawals on wetlands, streams, and lakes. Once collected, three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow models can be developed and calibrated and used as a tool for groundwater management. The main hydraulic parameters that comprise a regional or subregional model of an aquifer system are the hydraulic conductivity and storage properties of the aquifers and confining units (hydrogeologic units) that confine the system. Many 3D groundwater flow models used to help assess groundwater/surface-water interactions require calculating ?effective? or composite hydraulic properties of multilayered lithologic units within a hydrogeologic unit. The calculation of composite hydraulic properties stems from the need to characterize groundwater flow using coarse model layering in order to reduce simulation times while still representing the flow through the system accurately. The accuracy of flow models with simplified layering and hydraulic properties will depend on the effectiveness of the methods used to determine composite hydraulic properties from a number of lithologic units.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic conductivity: Issues, determination and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"InTech","publisherLocation":"Rijeka, Croatia","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Sepulveda, N., 2011, Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties, chap. <i>of</i> Hydraulic conductivity: Issues, determination and applications, p. 357-376.","productDescription":"20 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,{"id":70032484,"text":"70032484 - 2011 - Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032484","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands","docAbstract":"Natural wetlands often have a heterogeneous soil surface topography, or microtopography (MT), that creates microsites of variable hydrology, vegetation, and soil biogeochemistry. Created mitigation wetlands are designed to mimic natural wetlands in structure and function, and recent mitigation projects have incorporated MT as one way to attain this goal. Microtopography may influence nitrogen (N) cycling in wetlands by providing adjacent areas of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and by increasing carbon storage, which together facilitate N cycling and removal. This study investigated three created wetlands in the Virginia Piedmont that incorporated disking-induced MT during construction. One site had paired disked and undisked plots, allowing an evaluation of the effects of this design feature on N flux rates. Microtopography was measured using conventional survey equipment along a 1-m circular transect and was described using two indices: tortuosity (T), describing soil surface roughness and relief, and limiting elevation difference (LD), describing soil surface relief. Ammonification, nitrification, and net N mineralization were determined with in situ incubation of modified ion-exchange resin cores and denitrification potential was determined using denitrification enzyme assay (DEA). Results demonstrated that disked plots had significantly greater LD than undisked plots one year after construction. Autogenic sources of MT (e.g. tussock-forming vegetation) in concert with variable hydrology and sedimentation maintained and in some cases enhanced MT in study wetlands. Tortuosity and LD values remained the same in one wetland when compared over a two-year period, suggesting a dynamic equilibrium of MT-forming and -eroding processes at play. Microtopography values also increased when comparing the original induced MT of a one-year old wetland with MT of older created wetlands (five and eight years old) with disking-induced MT, indicating that MT can increase by natural processes over time. When examined along a hydrologic gradient, LD increased with proximity to an overflow point as a result of differential sediment deposition and erosion during flood events. Nitrification increased with T and denitrification potential increased with LD, indicating that microtopographic heterogeneity enhances coupled N fluxes. The resulting N flux patterns may be explained by the increase in oxygen availability elicited by greater T (enhancing nitrification) and by the adjacent zones of aerobic and anaerobic conditions elicited by greater LD (enhancing coupled nitrification and denitrification potential). Findings of this study support the incorporation of MT into the design and regulatory evaluation of created wetlands in order to enhance N cycling and removal. ?? 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Ahn, C., and Noe, G., 2011, Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands: Ecological Engineering, v. 37, no. 9, p. 1398-1406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013.","startPage":"1398","endPage":"1406","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013"},{"id":241444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56abe4b0c8380cd6d73a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.L.","contributorId":37547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahn, C.","contributorId":22589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032682,"text":"70032682 - 2011 - The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032682","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes","docAbstract":"Warm season climate warming will be a key driver of annual streamflow changes in four major river basins of the western U.S., as shown by hydrological model simulations using fixed precipitation and idealized seasonal temperature changes based on climate projections with SRES A2 forcing. Warm season (April-September) warming reduces streamflow throughout the year; streamflow declines both immediately and in the subsequent cool season. Cool season (October-March) warming, by contrast, increases streamflow immediately, partially compensating for streamflow reductions during the subsequent warm season. A uniform warm season warming of 3C drives a wide range of annual flow declines across the basins: 13.3%, 7.2%, 1.8%, and 3.6% in the Colorado, Columbia, Northern and Southern Sierra basins, respectively. The same warming applied during the cool season gives annual declines of only 3.5%, 1.7%, 2.1%, and 3.1%, respectively. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049660","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Das, T., Pierce, D., Cayan, D., Vano, J., and Lettenmaier, D., 2011, The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049660.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475219,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049660","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049660"},{"id":241322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad02e4b08c986b3238f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vano, J.A.","contributorId":73018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vano","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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