Planning and implementation of unprecedented projects for restoring the greater Everglades ecosystem are underway and the hydrologic and hydrodynamic modeling of restoration alternatives has become essential for success of restoration efforts. In view of the complex nature of the South Florida water resources system, regional-scale (system-wide) hydrologic models have been developed and used extensively for the development of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. In addition, numerous subregional-scale hydrologic and hydrodynamic models have been developed and are being used for evaluating project-scale water management plans associated with urban, agricultural, and inland costal ecosystems. The authors provide a comprehensive summary of models of all scales, as well as the next generation models under development to meet the future needs of ecosystem restoration efforts in South Florida. The multiagency efforts to develop and apply models have allowed the agencies to understand the complex hydrologic interactions, quantify appropriate performance measures, and use new technologies in simulation algorithms, software development, and GIS/database techniques to meet the future modeling needs of the ecosystem restoration programs.
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We studied the role of hydrological connectivity of riparian wetlands and upland/wetland transition zones to surface waters on the mobilization of Hg and DOC in Fishing Brook, a headwater of the Adirondack Mountains, New York. Stream water total mercury (THg) concentrations varied strongly (mean = 2.25 ± 0.5 ng L−1), and the two snowmelt seasons contributed 40% (2007) and 48% (2008) of the annual load. Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations ranged up to 0.26 ng L−1, and showed an inverse log relationship with discharge. TOPMODEL‐simulated saturated area corresponded well with wetland areas, and the application of a flow algorithm based elevation‐above‐creek approach suggests that most wetlands become well connected during high flow. The dynamics of simulated saturated area and soil storage deficit were able to explain a large part of the variation of THg concentrations (r2 = 0.53 to 0.72). In contrast, the simulations were not able to explain DOC variations and DOC and THg concentrations were not correlated. These results indicate that all three constituents, THg, MeHg, and DOC, follow different patterns at the outlet: (1) the mobilization of THg is primarily controlled by the saturation state of the catchment, (2) the dilution of MeHg suggests flushing from a supply limited pool, and (3) DOC dynamics follow a pattern different from THg dynamics, which likely results from differing gain and/or loss processes for THg and/or DOC within the Fishing Brook catchment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JG001330","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schelker, J., Burns, D.A., Weiler, M., and Laudon, H., 2011, Hydrological mobilization of mercury and dissolved organic carbon in a snow-dominated, forested watershed: Conceptualization and modeling: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 116, no. 1, G01002, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001330.","productDescription":"G01002, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001330","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack State Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.7894287109375,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -73.443603515625,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -73.443603515625,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -74.7894287109375,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -74.7894287109375,\n 43.50075243569041\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36ace4b0c8380cd608e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schelker, J.","contributorId":50007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schelker","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiler, M.","contributorId":15003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laudon, H.","contributorId":82444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laudon","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035842,"text":"70035842 - 2011 - Biogeochemical processes on tree islands in the greater everglades: Initiating a new paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T18:37:53.490592","indexId":"70035842","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical processes on tree islands in the greater everglades: Initiating a new paradigm","docAbstract":"Scientists’ understanding of the role of tree islands in the Everglades has evolved from a plant community of minor biogeochemical importance to a plant community recognized as the driving force for localized phosphorus accumulation within the landscape. Results from this review suggest that tree transpiration, nutrient infiltration from the soil surface, and groundwater flow create a soil zone of confluence where nutrients and salts accumulate under the head of a tree island during dry periods. Results also suggest accumulated salts and nutrients are flushed downstream by regional water flows during wet periods. That trees modulate their environment to create biogeochemical hot spots and strong nutrient gradients is a significant ecological paradigm shift in the understanding of the biogeochemical processes in the Everglades. In terms of island sustainability, this new paradigm suggests the need for distinct dry-wet cycles as well as a hydrologic regime that supports tree survival. Restoration of historic tree islands needs further investigation but the creation of functional tree islands is promising.
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Canopy water balance estimates based on meteorological monitoring were compared with interpretations of fog screen measurements collected over a 2-year period at each location. The annual incident rainfall was 973 mm at the leeward site (Auwahi) and 2550 mm at the windward site (Waikamoi). At the leeward, dry forest site, throughfall was less than rainfall (87%), and, at the windward, wet forest site, throughfall exceeded rainfall (122%). Cloud water interception estimated from canopy water balance was 166 mm year−1 at Auwahi and 1212 mm year−1 at Waikamoi. Annual fog screen measurements of cloud water flux, corrected for wind-blown rainfall, were 132 and 3017 mm for the dry and wet sites respectively. Event totals of cloud water flux based on fog screen measurements were poorly correlated with event cloud water interception totals derived from the canopy water balance. Hence, the use of fixed planar fog screens to estimate cloud water interception is not recommended. At the wet windward site, cloud water interception made up 32% of the total precipitation, adding to the already substantial amount of rainfall. At the leeward dry site, cloud water interception was 15% of the total precipitation. Vegetation at the dry site, where trees are more exposed and isolated, was more efficient at intercepting the available cloud water than at the rainy site, but events were less frequent, shorter in duration and lower in intensity. A large proportion of intercepted cloud water, 74% and 83%, respectively for the two sites, was estimated to become throughfall, thus adding significantly to soil water at both sites
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7738","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Giambelluca, T.W., DeLay, J.K., Nullet, M.A., Scholl, M.A., and Gingerich, S.B., 2011, Canopy water balance of windward and leeward Hawaiian cloud forests on Haleakalā, Maui, Hawai'i: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 3, p. 438-447, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7738.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"447","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216232,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7738"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakala, Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.28189086914062,\n 20.63535463961231\n ],\n [\n -156.28189086914062,\n 20.77409105752739\n ],\n [\n -156.03607177734375,\n 20.77409105752739\n ],\n [\n -156.03607177734375,\n 20.63535463961231\n ],\n [\n -156.28189086914062,\n 20.63535463961231\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f345e4b0c8380cd4b6e2","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/hyp.7738","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7738","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Giambelluca Thomas W., DeLay John K., Nullet Michael A., Scholl Martha A., Gingerich Stephen B.","journalName":"Hydrological Processes","publicationDate":"12/27/2010"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giambelluca, Thomas W.","contributorId":70069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giambelluca","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLay, John K.","contributorId":15432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLay","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nullet, Michael A.","contributorId":83212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nullet","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen B. 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":1426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035982,"text":"70035982 - 2011 - Influence of changing water sources and mineral chemistry on the everglades ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:44:05.130804","indexId":"70035982","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of changing water sources and mineral chemistry on the everglades ecosystem","docAbstract":"Human influences during the previous century increased mineral inputs to the Florida Everglades by changing the sources and chemistry of surface inflows. Biogeochemical responses to this enrichment include changes in the availability of key limiting nutrients such as P, the potential for increased turnover of nutrient pools due to accelerated plant decomposition, and increased rates of mercury methylation associated with sulfate enrichment. Mineral enrichment has also been linked to the loss of sensitive macrophyte species, although dominant Everglades species appear tolerant of a broad range of mineral chemistry. Shifts in periphyton community composition and function provide an especially sensitive indicator of mineral enrichment. Understanding the influence of mineral chemistry on Everglades processes and biota may improve predictions of ecosystem responses to ongoing hydrologic restoration efforts and provide guidelines for protecting remaining mineral-poor areas of this peatland.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.530921","issn":"10643389","usgsCitation":"McCormick, P.V., Harvey, J., and Crawford, E., 2011, Influence of changing water sources and mineral chemistry on the everglades ecosystem: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 28-63, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.530921.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"63","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.530921"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.782470703125,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -79.881591796875,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -79.881591796875,\n 26.980828590472107\n ],\n [\n -80.782470703125,\n 26.980828590472107\n ],\n [\n -80.782470703125,\n 25.24469595130604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b17e4b0c8380cd6220c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, Paul V.","contributorId":92756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, Eric","contributorId":9903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036012,"text":"70036012 - 2011 - Secular trends in storm-level geomagnetic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T14:11:19","indexId":"70036012","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":780,"text":"Annales Geophysicae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secular trends in storm-level geomagnetic activity","docAbstract":"Analysis is made of K-index data from groups of ground-based geomagnetic observatories in Germany, Britain, and Australia, 1868.0–2009.0, solar cycles 11–23. Methods include nonparametric measures of trends and statistical significance used by the hydrological and climatological research communities. Among the three observatory groups, German K data systematically record the highest disturbance levels, followed by the British and, then, the Australian data. Signals consistently seen in K data from all three observatory groups can be reasonably interpreted as physically meaninginful: (1) geomagnetic activity has generally increased over the past 141 years. However, the detailed secular evolution of geomagnetic activity is not well characterized by either a linear trend nor, even, a monotonic trend. Therefore, simple, phenomenological extrapolations of past trends in solar and geomagnetic activity levels are unlikely to be useful for making quantitative predictions of future trends lasting longer than a solar cycle or so. (2) The well-known tendency for magnetic storms to occur during the declining phase of a sunspot-solar cycles is clearly seen for cycles 14–23; it is not, however, clearly seen for cycles 11–13. Therefore, in addition to an increase in geomagnetic activity, the nature of solar-terrestrial interaction has also apparently changed over the past 141 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011","issn":"09927689","usgsCitation":"Love, J., 2011, Secular trends in storm-level geomagnetic activity: Annales Geophysicae, v. 29, no. 2, p. 251-262, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475271,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218417,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-251-2011"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8944e4b08c986b316d7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, J.J.","contributorId":66626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036785,"text":"70036785 - 2011 - Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:49:44","indexId":"70036785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands","docAbstract":"Recent flood events in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America have stimulated interest in modeling water storage capacities of wetlands and their surrounding catchments to facilitate flood mitigation efforts. Accurate estimates of basin storage capacities have been hampered by a lack of high-resolution elevation data. In this paper, we developed a 0.5 m bare-earth model from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and, in combination with National Wetlands Inventory data, delineated wetland catchments and their spilling points within a 196 km2 study area. We then calculated the maximum water storage capacity of individual basins and modeled the connectivity among these basins. When compared to field survey results, catchment and spilling point delineations from the LiDAR bare-earth model captured subtle landscape features very well. Of the 11 modeled spilling points, 10 matched field survey spilling points. The comparison between observed and modeled maximum water storage had an R2 of 0.87 with mean absolute error of 5564 m3. Since maximum water storage capacity of basins does not translate into floodwater regulation capability, we further developed a Basin Floodwater Regulation Index. Based upon this index, the absolute and relative water that could be held by wetlands over a landscape could be modeled. This conceptual model of floodwater downstream contribution was demonstrated with water level data from 17 May 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Huang, S., Young, C., Feng, M., Heidemann, H.K., Cushing, M., Mushet, D., and Liu, S., 2011, Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands: Journal of Hydrology, v. 405, no. 3-4, p. 417-426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"426","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,40.38 ], [ -120.0,60.0 ], [ -90.14,60.0 ], [ -90.14,40.38 ], [ -120.0,40.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"405","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe90e4b0c8380cd4edca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, S.","contributorId":18168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Caitlin","contributorId":30181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Caitlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feng, M.","contributorId":18195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heidemann, Hans Karl 0000-0003-4306-359X kheidemann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-359X","contributorId":3755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidemann","given":"Hans","email":"kheidemann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cushing, Matthew 0000-0001-5209-6006","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-6006","contributorId":66101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mushet, D.M. 0000-0002-5910-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":59377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036048,"text":"70036048 - 2011 - Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T18:57:14.263826","indexId":"70036048","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","docAbstract":"Nightlight surveys are commonly used to evaluate status and trends of crocodilian populations, but imperfect detection caused by survey- and location-specific factors makes it difficult to draw population inferences accurately from uncorrected data. We used a two-stage hierarchical model comprising population abundance and detection probability to examine recent abundance trends of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in subareas of Everglades wetlands in Florida using nightlight survey data. During 2001–2008, there were declining trends in abundance of small and/or medium sized animals in a majority of subareas, whereas abundance of large sized animals had either demonstrated an increased or unclear trend. For small and large sized class animals, estimated detection probability declined as water depth increased. Detection probability of small animals was much lower than for larger size classes. The declining trend of smaller alligators may reflect a natural population response to the fluctuating environment of Everglades wetlands under modified hydrology. It may have negative implications for the future of alligator populations in this region, particularly if habitat conditions do not favor recruitment of offspring in the near term. Our study provides a foundation to improve inferences made from nightlight surveys of other crocodilian populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Mazzotti, F., Dorazio, R., Rice, K.G., Cherkiss, M., and Jeffery, B., 2011, Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 1, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"South Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 25.760319754713887\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 25.264568475331583\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 25.12539261151203\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -80.26611328125,\n 26.194876675795218\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 26.686729520004036\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 26.64745870265938\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 25.760319754713887\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6be4b0c8380cd526f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":38359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherkiss, M. 0000-0002-7802-6791","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":103496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeffery, B.","contributorId":53638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffery","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036756,"text":"70036756 - 2011 - Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70036756","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope","docAbstract":"The distribution of soil moisture in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope is a transient, variably saturated physical process controlled by rainfall characteristics, hillslope geometry, and the hydrological properties of the hillslope materials. The major driving mechanisms for moisture movement are gravity and gradients in matric potential. The latter is solely controlled by gradients of moisture content. In a homogeneous and isotropic saturated hillslope, absent a gradient in moisture content and under the driving force of gravity with a constant pressure boundary at the slope surface, flow is always in the lateral downslope direction, under either transient or steady state conditions. However, under variably saturated conditions, both gravity and moisture content gradients drive fluid motion, leading to complex flow patterns. In general, the flow field near the ground surface is variably saturated and transient, and the direction of flow could be laterally downslope, laterally upslope, or vertically downward. Previous work has suggested that prevailing rainfall conditions are sufficient to completely control these flow regimes. This work, however, shows that under time-varying rainfall conditions, vertical, downslope, and upslope lateral flow can concurrently occur at different depths and locations within the hillslope. More importantly, we show that the state of wetting or drying in a hillslope defines the temporal and spatial regimes of flow and when and where laterally downslope and/or laterally upslope flow occurs. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010003","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Lu, N., Kaya, B., and Godt, J., 2011, Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010003.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217853,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010003"},{"id":245825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01b9e4b0c8380cd4fd24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, N.","contributorId":96025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaya, B.S.","contributorId":100226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaya","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034197,"text":"70034197 - 2011 - Rethinking hyporheic flow and transient storage to advance understanding of stream-catchment connections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T09:19:52","indexId":"70034197","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rethinking hyporheic flow and transient storage to advance understanding of stream-catchment connections","docAbstract":"Although surface water and groundwater are increasingly referred to as one resource, there remain environmental and ecosystem needs to study the 10 m to 1 km reach scale as one hydrologic system. Streams gain and lose water over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Large spatial scales (kilometers) have traditionally been recognized and studied as river-aquifer connections. Over the last 25 years hyporheic exchange flows (1-10 m) have been studied extensively. Often a transient storage model has been used to quantify the physical solute transport setting in which biogeochemical processes occur. At the longer 10 m to 1 km scale of stream reaches it is now clear that streams which gain water overall can coincidentally lose water to the subsurface. At this scale, the amounts of water transferred are not necessarily significant but the exchanges can, however, influence solute transport. The interpretation of seemingly straightforward questions about water, contaminant, and nutrient fluxes into and along a stream can be confounded by flow losses which are too small to be apparent in stream gauging and along flow paths too long to be detected in tracer experiments. We suggest basic hydrologic approaches, e.g., measurement of flow along the channel, surface and subsurface solute sampling, and routine measurements of the water table that, in our opinion, can be used to extend simple exchange concepts from the hyporheic exchange scale to a scale of stream-catchment connection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010066","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Gooseff, M., and Kimball, B.A., 2011, Rethinking hyporheic flow and transient storage to advance understanding of stream-catchment connections: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 3, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010066.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac19e4b0c8380cd86b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033872,"text":"70033872 - 2011 - The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T12:03:40.324623","indexId":"70033872","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka","docAbstract":"A sediment core taken from the western edge of the Bonneville Basin has provided high-resolution proxy records of relative lake-size change for the period 45.1–10.5 calendar ka (hereafter ka). Age control was provided by a paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV)-based age model for Blue Lake core BL04-4. Continuous records of δ18O and total inorganic carbon (TIC) generally match an earlier lake-level envelope based on outcrops and geomorphic features, but with differences in the timing of some hydrologic events/states. The Stansbury Oscillation was found to consist of two oscillations centered on 25 and 24 ka. Lake Bonneville appears to have reached its geomorphic highstand and began spilling at 18.5 ka. The fall from the highstand to the Provo level occurred at 17.0 ka and the lake intermittently overflowed at the Provo level until 15.2 ka, at which time the lake fell again, bottoming out at ∼14.7 ka. The lake also fell briefly below the Provo level at ∼15.9 ka. Carbonate and δ18O data indicate that between 14.7 and 13.1 ka the lake slowly rose to the Gilbert shoreline and remained at about that elevation until 11.6 ka, when it fell again. Chemical and sedimentological data indicate that a marsh formed in the Blue Lake area at 10.5 ka.
Relatively dry periods in the BL04-4 records are associated with Heinrich events H1–H4, suggesting that either the warming that closely followed a Heinrich event increased the evaporation rate in the Bonneville Basin and (or) that the core of the polar jet stream (PJS) shifted north of the Bonneville Basin in response to massive losses of ice from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during the Heinrich event. The second Stansbury Oscillation occurred during Heinrich event H2, and the Gilbert wet event occurred during the Younger Dryas cold interval. Several relatively wet events in BL04-4 occur during Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) warm events.
The growth of the Bear River glacier between 32 and 17 ka paralleled changes in the values of proxy indicators of Bonneville Basin wetness and terminal moraines on the western side of the Wasatch Mountains have ages ranging from 16.9 to 15.2 ka. This suggests a near synchroneity of change in the hydrologic and cryologic balances occurring in the Bonneville drainage system and that glacial extent was linked to lake size.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.014","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Lund, S., Smoot, J.P., Rhode, D., Spencer, R.J., Verosub, K., Louderback, L., Johnson, C.A., Rye, R.O., and Negrini, R., 2011, The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka: Quaternary International, v. 235, no. 1-2, p. 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","issue":"1-2","tableOfContents":"Human impacts on watershed hydrology are widespread in the US, but the prevalence and severity of stream‐flow alteration and its potential ecological consequences have not been quantified on a national scale. We assessed streamflow alteration at 2888 streamflow monitoring sites throughout the conterminous US. The magnitudes of mean annual (1980–2007) minimum and maximum streamflows were found to have been altered in 86% of assessed streams. The occurrence, type, and severity of streamflow alteration differed markedly between arid and wet climates. Biological assessments conducted on a subset of these streams showed that, relative to eight chemical and physical covariates, diminished flow magnitudes were the primary predictors of biological integrity for fish and macroinvertebrate communities. In addition, the likelihood of biological impairment doubled with increasing severity of diminished streamflows. Among streams with diminished flow magnitudes, increasingly common fish and macroinvertebrate taxa possessed traits characteristic of lake or pond habitats, including a preference for fine‐grained substrates and slow‐moving currents, as well as the ability to temporarily leave the aquatic environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/100053","issn":"15409295","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., Wolock, D.M., and Meador, M., 2011, Alteration of streamflow magnitudes and potential ecological consequences: A multiregional assessment: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 9, no. 5, p. 264-270, https://doi.org/10.1890/100053.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475370,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1236389","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215838,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/100053"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e978e4b0c8380cd482db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032291,"text":"70032291 - 2011 - Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032291","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems","docAbstract":"Globally, expansion of non-native woody vegetation across floodplains has raised concern of increased evapotranspiration (ET) water loss with consequent reduced river flows and groundwater supplies. Water salvage programs, established to meet water supply demands by removing introduced species, show little documented evidence of program effectiveness. We use two case studies in the USA and Australia to illustrate factors that contribute to water salvage feasibility for a given ecological setting. In the USA, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) has become widespread on western rivers, with water salvage programs attempted over a 50-year period. Some studies document riparian transpiration or ET reduction after saltcedar removal, but detectable increases in river base flow are not conclusively shown. Furthermore, measurements of riparian vegetation ET in natural settings show saltcedar ET overlaps the range measured for native riparian species, thereby constraining the possibility of water salvage by replacing saltcedar with native vegetation. In Australia, introduced willows (Salix spp.) have become widespread in riparian systems in the Murray-Darling Basin. Although large-scale removal projects have been undertaken, no attempts have been made to quantify increases in base flows. Recent studies of ET indicate that willows growing in permanently inundated stream beds have high transpiration rates, indicating water savings could be achieved from removal. In contrast, native Eucalyptus trees and willows growing on stream banks show similar ET rates with no net water salvage from replacing willows with native trees. We conclude that water salvage feasibility is highly dependent on the ecohydrological setting in which the non-native trees occur. We provide an overview of conditions favorable to water salvage. Copyright ?? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8395","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Doody, T., Nagler, P., Glenn, E.P., Moore, G.W., Morino, K., Hultine, K.R., and Benyon, R., 2011, Potential for water salvage by removal of non-native woody vegetation from dryland river systems: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 26, p. 4117-4131, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8395.","startPage":"4117","endPage":"4131","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8395"},{"id":242581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f1fe4b0c8380cd7a928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doody, T.M.","contributorId":79319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doody","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, G. W.","contributorId":87946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morino, K.","contributorId":10614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hultine, K. R.","contributorId":102281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benyon, R.G.","contributorId":38792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benyon","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70004004,"text":"70004004 - 2011 - Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T19:44:08.913963","indexId":"70004004","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","docAbstract":"Nightlight surveys are commonly used to evaluate status and trends of crocodilian populations, but imperfect detection caused by survey- and location-specific factors makes it difficult to draw population inferences accurately from uncorrected data. We used a two-stage hierarchical model comprising population abundance and detection probability to examine recent abundance trends of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in subareas of Everglades wetlands in Florida using nightlight survey data. During 2001–2008, there were declining trends in abundance of small and/or medium sized animals in a majority of subareas, whereas abundance of large sized animals had either demonstrated an increased or unclear trend. For small and large sized class animals, estimated detection probability declined as water depth increased. Detection probability of small animals was much lower than for larger size classes. The declining trend of smaller alligators may reflect a natural population response to the fluctuating environment of Everglades wetlands under modified hydrology. It may have negative implications for the future of alligator populations in this region, particularly if habitat conditions do not favor recruitment of offspring in the near term. Our study provides a foundation to improve inferences made from nightlight surveys of other crocodilian populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Mazzotti, F., Dorazio, R.M., Rice, K.G., Cherkiss, M., and Jeffery, B., 2011, Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 1, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ],\n [\n -80.2716064453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ],\n [\n -80.2716064453125,\n 26.559049984075532\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 26.559049984075532\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6ae4b0c8380cd526f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael 0000-0002-7802-6791","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":78068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeffery, Brian","contributorId":55672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffery","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033822,"text":"70033822 - 2011 - Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an intermittent non steady state compensatory process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T09:14:50","indexId":"70033822","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2449,"text":"Journal of Sea Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an intermittent non steady state compensatory process","docAbstract":"Generally, growth rates of living organisms are considered to be at steady state, varying only under environmental forcing factors. For example, these rates may be described as a function of light for plants or organic food resources for animals and these could be regulated (or not) by temperature or other conditions. But, what are the consequences for an individual's growth (and also for the population growth) if growth rate variations are themselves dynamic and not steady state? For organisms presenting phases of dormancy or long periods of stress, this is a crucial question. A dynamic perspective for quantifying short-term growth was explored using the daily growth record of the scallop Pecten maximus (L.). This species is a good biological model for ectotherm growth because the shell records growth striae daily. Independently, a generic mathematical function representing the dynamics of mean daily growth rate (MDGR) was implemented to simulate a diverse set of growth patterns. Once the function was calibrated with the striae patterns, the growth rate dynamics appeared as a forced damped oscillation during the growth period having a basic periodicity during two transitory phases (mean duration 43. days) and appearing at both growth start and growth end. This phase is most likely due to the internal dynamics of energy transfer within the organism rather than to external forcing factors. After growth restart, the transitory regime represents successive phases of over-growth and regulation. This pattern corresponds to a typical representation of compensatory growth, which from an evolutionary perspective can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy to coping with a fluctuating environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2011.02.001","issn":"13851101","usgsCitation":"Guarini, J.-., Chauvaud, L., Cloern, J.E., Clavier, J., Coston-Guarini, J., and Patry, Y., 2011, Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an intermittent non steady state compensatory process: Journal of Sea Research, v. 65, no. 3, p. 355-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2011.02.001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"361","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88f0e4b08c986b316c51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guarini, J. -M.","contributorId":64829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guarini","given":"J.","middleInitial":"-M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chauvaud, Laurent","contributorId":72982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauvaud","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clavier, J.","contributorId":38789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clavier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coston-Guarini, J.","contributorId":67307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston-Guarini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Patry, Y.","contributorId":59641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patry","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003749,"text":"70003749 - 2011 - Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T14:56:58.941982","indexId":"70003749","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications","docAbstract":"Most of eastern North America receives elevated levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) that result from anthropogenic SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Atmospheric S deposition has acidified sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region; however, deposition has been declining since the 1970s, resulting in some recovery in previously acidified aquatic ecosystems. Accurate watershed S mass balances help to evaluate the extent to which atmospheric S deposition is retained within ecosystems, and whether internal cycling sources and biogeochemical processes may be affecting the rate of recovery from decreasing S atmospheric loads. This study evaluated S mass balances for 15 sites with watersheds in southeastern Canada and northeastern US for the period 1985 to 2002. These 15 sites included nine in Canada (Turkey Lakes, ON; Harp Lake, ON; Plastic Lake, ON; Hermine, QC; Lake Laflamme, QC; Lake Clair, QC; Lake Tirasse, QC; Mersey, NS; Moosepit, NS) and six in the US (Arbutus Lake, NY; Biscuit Brook, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Cone Pond, NH; Bear Brook Watershed, ME). Annual S wet deposition inputs were derived from measured bulk or wet-only deposition and stream export was obtained by combining drainage water fluxes with SO4 2− concentrations. Dry deposition has the greatest uncertainty of any of the mass flux calculations necessary to develop accurate watershed balances, and here we developed a new method to calculate this quantity. We utilized historical information from both the US National Emissions Inventory and the US (CASTNET) and the Canadian (CAPMoN) dry deposition networks to develop a formulation that predicted SO2 concentrations as a function of SO2 emissions, latitude and longitude. The SO2 concentrations were used to predict dry deposition using relationships between concentrations and deposition flux derived from the CASTNET or CAPMoN networks. For the year 2002, we compared the SO2 concentrations and deposition predictions with the predictions of two continental-scale air quality models, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System (AURAMS) that utilize complete inventories of emissions and chemical budgets. The results of this comparison indicated that the predictive relationship provides an accurate representation of SO2 concentrations and S deposition for the region that is generally consistent with these models, and thus provides confidence that our approach could be used to develop accurate watershed S budgets for these 15 sites. Most watersheds showed large net losses of SO4 2− on an annual basis, and the watershed mass balances were grouped into five categories based on the relative value of mean annual net losses or net gains. The net annual fluxes of SO4 2− showed a strong relationship with hydrology; the largest net annual negative fluxes were associated with years of greatest precipitation amount and highest discharge. The important role of catchment hydrology on S budgets suggests implications for future predicted climate change as it affects patterns of precipitation and drought. The sensitivity of S budgets is likely to be greatest in watersheds with the greatest wetland area, which are particularly sensitive to drying and wetting cycles. A small number of the watersheds in this analysis were shown to have substantial S sources from mineral weathering, but most showed evidence of an internal source of SO4 2−, which is likely from the mineralization of organic S stored from decades of increased S deposition. Mobilization of this internal S appears to contribute about 1–6 kg S ha−1 year−1 to stream fluxes at these sites and is affecting the rate and extent of recovery from acidification as S deposition rates have declined in recent years. This internal S source should be considered when developing critical deposition loads that will promote ecosystem recovery from acidification and the depletion of nutrient cations in the northeastern US and southeastern Canada.
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continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T11:31:43","indexId":"70194902","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesNumber":"NUREG/CP-0195","chapter":"3.5.1","title":"Waste isolation and contaminant migration - Tools and techniques for monitoring the saturated zone-unsaturated zone-plant-atmosphere continuum","docAbstract":"Human impacts on watershed hydrology are widespread in the US, but the prevalence and severity of stream-flow alteration and its potential ecological consequences have not been quantified on a national scale. We assessed streamflow alteration at 2888 streamflow monitoring sites throughout the conterminous US. The magnitudes of mean annual (1980–2007) minimum and maximum streamflows were found to have been altered in 86% of assessed streams. The occurrence, type, and severity of streamflow alteration differed markedly between arid and wet climates. Biological assessments conducted on a subset of these streams showed that, relative to eight chemical and physical covariates, diminished flow magnitudes were the primary predictors of biological integrity for fish and macroinvertebrate communities. In addition, the likelihood of biological impairment doubled with increasing severity of diminished streamflows. Among streams with diminished flow magnitudes, increasingly common fish and macroinvertebrate taxa possessed traits characteristic of lake or pond habitats, including a preference for fine-grained substrates and slow-moving currents, as well as the ability to temporarily leave the aquatic environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/100053","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., Wolock, D.M., and Meador, M.R., 2011, Alteration of streamflow magnitudes and potential ecological consequences: A multiregional assessment: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 9, no. 5, p. 264-270, https://doi.org/10.1890/100053.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"270","ipdsId":"IP-011791","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1236389","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a096bb3e4b09af898c94153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. 0000-0001-5956-3340 mrmeador@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-3340","contributorId":195592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193758,"text":"70193758 - 2011 - Assessing field-scale biogeophysical signatures of bioremediation over a mature crude oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T14:55:06","indexId":"70193758","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"B-9","title":"Assessing field-scale biogeophysical signatures of bioremediation over a mature crude oil spill","docAbstract":"We conducted electrical geophysical measurements at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site (Bemidji, MN). Borehole and surface self-potential measurements do not show evidence for the existence of a biogeobattery mechanism in response to the redox gradient resulting from biodegradation of oil. The relatively small self potentials recorded are instead consistent with an electrodiffusion mechanism driven by differences in the mobility of charge carriers associated with biodegradation byproducts. Complex resistivity measurements reveal elevated electrical conductivity and interfacial polarization at the water table where oil contamination is present, extending into the unsaturated zone. This finding implies that the effect of microbial cell growth/attachment, biofilm formation, and mineral weathering accompanying hydrocarbon biodegradation on complex interfacial conductivity imparts a sufficiently large electrical signal to be measured using field-scale geophysical techniques.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the first international symposium on bioremediation and sustainable environmental technologies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"First international symposium on bioremediation and sustainable environmental technologies","conferenceDate":"June 27-30, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Memorial Institute","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","isbn":"978-0-9819730-4-3","usgsCitation":"Slater, L., Ntarlagiannis, D., Atekwana, E., Mewafy, F., Revil, A., Skold, M., Gorby, Y., Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane, J.W., Trost, J.J., Werkema, D.D., Delin, G.N., and Herkelrath, W.N., 2011, Assessing field-scale biogeophysical signatures of bioremediation over a mature crude oil spill, in Proceedings of the first international symposium on bioremediation and sustainable environmental technologies, Reno, NV, June 27-30, 2011, 9 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Although coals of this region were mined commercially in the late 1800s and early 1900s, they were eclipsed by the production and use of oil and gas in the middle 1920s and were not mined again as a significant fuel source until the 1970s. As a result, the literature consists mainly of a relatively small number of pre-1920 contributions in state and federal reports, followed by a plethora of technical papers, symposia proceedings, field guides, theses, dissertations, and abstracts over the past 40 years.
The purpose of this chapter is to record the present work used by U.S. Geological Survey personnel preparing the Gulf Coast Coal Resource Assessment and to furnish an introduction to the larger body of sedimentary, stratigraphic, paleontologic, geochemical, hydrologic, and mining literature that exists in the region. This bibliography is an update of an earlier compilation (Tewalt et al., 1990). Despite its length, it is not exhaustive. Nor is it restricted to papers that focus solely upon coals because an understanding of these coals is rooted in the general geologic literature of the Gulf Coastal Plain.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., Karlsen, A.W., and Tewalt, S.J., 2011, Bibliography of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain coal geology, chap. 19 of Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 348-389.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"389","ipdsId":"IP-020074","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/discovery14/data/001/001001/348_aapg-sp0010348.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -92.4169921875,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -92.4169921875,\n 32.21280106801518\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 32.21280106801518\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 29.49698759653577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743587e4b0a9a2e9e25cb8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726475,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726476,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726477,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tewalt, Susan J. stewalt@usgs.gov","contributorId":64270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"Susan","email":"stewalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":259,"text":"Energy Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726478,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander W.","contributorId":105382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tewalt, Susan J. stewalt@usgs.gov","contributorId":64270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"Susan","email":"stewalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":259,"text":"Energy Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157548,"text":"70157548 - 2011 - Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T18:51:28.662101","indexId":"70157548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA","docAbstract":"The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California was an historic, vast inland freshwater wetland, where organic soils almost 20 meters deep formed over the last several millennia as the land surface elevation of marshes kept pace with sea level rise. A system of levees and pumps were installed in the late 1800s and early 1900s to drain the land for agricultural use. Since then, land surface has subsided more than 7 meters below sea level in some areas as organic soils have been lost to aerobic decomposition. As land surface elevations decrease, costs for levee maintenance and repair increase, as do the risks of flooding. Wetland restoration can be a way to mitigate subsidence by re-creating the environment in which the organic soils developed. A preliminary study of the effect of hydrologic regime on carbon cycling conducted on Twitchell Island during the mid-1990s showed that continuous, shallow flooding allowing for the growth of emergent marsh vegetation re-created a wetland environment where carbon preservation occurred. Under these conditions annual plant biomass carbon inputs were high, and microbial decomposition was reduced. Based on this preliminary study, the U.S. Geological Survey re-established permanently flooded wetlands in fall 1997, with shallow water depths of 25 and 55 centimeters, to investigate the potential to reverse subsidence of delta islands by preserving and accumulating organic substrates over time. Ten years after flooding, elevation gains from organic matter accumulation in areas of emergent marsh vegetation ranged from almost 30 to 60 centimeters, with average annual carbon storage rates approximating 1 kg/m2, while areas without emergent vegetation cover showed no significant change in elevation. Differences in accretion rates within areas of emergent marsh vegetation appeared to result from temporal and spatial variability in hydrologic factors and decomposition rates in the wetlands rather than variability in primary production. Decomposition rates were related to differences in hydrologic conditions, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and availability of alternate electron acceptors. The study showed that marsh re-establishment with permanent, low energy, shallow flooding can limit oxidation of organic soils, thus, effectively turning subsiding land from atmospheric carbon sources to carbon sinks, and at the same time reducing flood vulnerability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River deltas: Types, structures and ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"New York City, NY","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., and Fujii, R., 2011, Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA, chap. of River deltas: Types, structures and ecology, p. 1-34.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.22828954974031,\n 38.050594319491694\n ],\n [\n -122.1992763879824,\n 38.02322247745954\n ],\n [\n -122.06581584389886,\n 37.99121787309585\n ],\n [\n -121.98602964906627,\n 38.03122144544275\n ],\n [\n -121.70315132193262,\n 37.98321453920093\n ],\n [\n -121.64077302415454,\n 37.95004857076803\n ],\n [\n -121.65382894694523,\n 37.77482161472676\n ],\n [\n -121.48990458301647,\n 37.68418194249246\n ],\n [\n -121.2505459985187,\n 37.646286958808716\n ],\n [\n -121.24909534043141,\n 37.703646260559424\n ],\n [\n -121.27520718601272,\n 37.85041111778014\n ],\n [\n -121.2882631088037,\n 37.98316493870175\n ],\n [\n -121.37530259407546,\n 38.07115364272096\n ],\n [\n -121.38400654260289,\n 38.16816126824645\n ],\n [\n -121.4333289175903,\n 38.24795309829756\n ],\n [\n -121.49135524110478,\n 38.43341488449104\n ],\n [\n -122.03825334022991,\n 38.27073469555026\n ],\n [\n -122.22974020782794,\n 38.07800546676111\n ],\n [\n -122.22828954974031,\n 38.050594319491694\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703ae4b058f706e51950","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Paul E.","contributorId":147998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035060,"text":"70035060 - 2011 - Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:49:18","indexId":"70035060","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"A 24-h field experiment was conducted during July 2008 at a wetland on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake (GSL) to assess the diurnal cycling of methylmercury (MeHg). Dissolved (< 0.45 μm) MeHg showed a strong diurnal variation with consistently decreasing concentrations during daylight periods and increasing concentrations during non-daylight periods. The proportion of MeHg relative to total Hg in the water column consistently decreased with increasing sunlight duration, indicative of photodegradation. During the field experiment, measured MeHg photodegradation rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 ng L− 1 h− 1. Convective overturn of the water column driven by nighttime cooling of the water surface was hypothesized as the likely mechanism to replace the MeHg in the water column lost via photodegradation processes. A hydrodynamic model of the wetland successfully simulated convective overturn of the water column during the field experiment. Study results indicate that daytime monitoring of selected wetlands surrounding GSL may significantly underestimate the MeHg content in the water column. Wetland managers should consider practices that maximize the photodegradation of MeHg during daylight periods.
The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is recovering from near extirpation throughout much of its range. Although reintroductions, trapping regulations and habitat improvements have led to the reestablishment of river otters in the Midwest, little is known about how their distribution is influenced by local- and landscape-scale habitat. We conducted river otter sign surveys from Jan. to Apr. in 2008 and 2009 in eastern Kansas to assess how local- and landscape-scale habitat factors affect river otter occupancy. We surveyed three to nine 400-m stretches of stream and reservoir shorelines for 110 sites and measured local-scale variables (e.g., stream order, land cover types) within a 100 m buffer of the survey site and landscape-scale variables (e.g., road density, land cover types) for Hydrological Unit Code 14 watersheds. We then used occupancy models that account for the probability of detection to estimate occupancy as a function of these covariates using Program PRESENCE. The best-fitting model indicated river otter occupancy increased with the proportion of woodland cover and decreased with the proportion of cropland and grassland cover at the local scale. Occupancy also increased with decreased shoreline diversity, waterbody density and stream density at the landscape scale. Occupancy was not affected by land cover or human disturbance at the landscape scale. Understanding the factors and scale important to river otter occurrence will be useful in identifying areas for management and continued restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-166.1.177","usgsCitation":"Jeffress, M.R., Paukert, C.P., Whittier, J.B., Sandercock, B.K., and Gipson, P.S., 2011, Scale-dependent factors affecting North American river otter distribution in the midwest: American Midland Naturalist, v. 166, no. 1, p. 177-193, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-166.1.177.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"193","ipdsId":"IP-015089","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":352,"text":"Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -94.32861328125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -94.32861328125,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 39.93501296038254\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -95.29541015625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -97.05322265625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -96.83349609375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"166","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b870de4b08c986b31629b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeffress, Mackenzie R.","contributorId":67346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffress","given":"Mackenzie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":352,"text":"Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":147821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittier, Joanna B.","contributorId":53151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandercock, B. K.","contributorId":61382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandercock","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gipson, P. S.","contributorId":70136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gipson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037017,"text":"70037017 - 2011 - The secret to successful solute-transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T10:33:01","indexId":"70037017","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The secret to successful solute-transport modeling","docAbstract":"Modeling subsurface solute transport is difficult—more so than modeling heads and flows. The classical governing equation does not always adequately represent what we see at the field scale. In such cases, commonly used numerical models are solving the wrong equation. Also, the transport equation is hyperbolic where advection is dominant, and parabolic where hydrodynamic dispersion is dominant. No single numerical method works well for all conditions, and for any given complex field problem, where seepage velocity is highly variable, no one method will be optimal everywhere. Although we normally expect a numerically accurate solution to the governing groundwater-flow equation, errors in concentrations from numerical dispersion and/or oscillations may be large in some cases. The accuracy and efficiency of the numerical solution to the solute-transport equation are more sensitive to the numerical method chosen than for typical groundwater-flow problems. However, numerical errors can be kept within acceptable limits if sufficient computational effort is expended. But impractically long\nsimulation times may promote a tendency to ignore or accept numerical errors. One approach to effective solutetransport modeling is to keep the model relatively simple and use it to test and improve conceptual understanding of the system and the problem at hand. It should not be expected that all concentrations observed in the field can be reproduced. Given a knowledgeable analyst, a reasonable description of a hydrogeologic framework, and the\navailability of solute-concentration data, the secret to successful solute-transport modeling may simply be to lower expectations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00764.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 2011, The secret to successful solute-transport modeling: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 2, p. 144-159, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00764.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8e3e4b08c986b321f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036985,"text":"70036985 - 2011 - Modeling of hydroecological feedbacks predicts distinct classes of landscape pattern, process, and restoration potential in shallow aquatic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:37:14","indexId":"70036985","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling of hydroecological feedbacks predicts distinct classes of landscape pattern, process, and restoration potential in shallow aquatic ecosystems","docAbstract":"It is widely recognized that interactions between vegetation and flow cause the emergence of channel patterns that are distinct from the standard Schumm classification of river channels. Although landscape pattern is known to be linked to ecosystem services such as habitat provision, pollutant removal, and sustaining biodiversity, the mechanisms responsible for the development and stability of different landscape patterns in shallow, vegetated flows have remained poorly understood. Fortunately, recent advances have made possible large-scale models of flow through vegetated environments that can be run over a range of environmental variables and over timescales of millennia. We describe a new, quasi-3D cellular automata model that couples simulations of shallow-water flow, bed shear stresses, sediment transport, and vegetation dynamics in an efficient manner. That efficiency allowed us to apply the model widely in order to determine how different hydroecological feedbacks control landscape pattern and process in various types of wetlands and floodplains. Distinct classes of landscape pattern were uniquely associated with specific types of allogenic and autogenic drivers in wetland flows. Regular, anisotropically patterned wetlands were dominated by allogenic processes (i.e., processes driven by periodic high water levels and flow velocities that redistribute sediment), relative to autogenic processes (e.g., vegetation production, peat accretion, and gravitational erosion). These anistropically patterned wetlands are therefore particularly prone to hydrologic disturbance. Other classes of wetlands that emerged from simulated interactions included maze-patterned, amorphous, and topographically noisy marshes, open marsh with islands, banded string-pool sequences perpendicular to flow, parallel deep and narrow channels flanked by marsh, and ridge-and-slough patterned marsh oriented parallel to flow. Because vegetation both affects and responds to the balance between the transport capacity of the flow and sediment supply, these vegetated systems exhibit a feedback that is not dominant in most rivers. Consequently, unlike in most rivers, it is not possible to predict the “channel pattern” of a vegetated landscape based only on discharge characteristics and sediment supply; the antecedent vegetation pattern and vegetation dynamics must also be known.
\nIn general, the stability of different wetland pattern types is most strongly related to factors controlling the erosion and deposition of sediment at vegetation patch edges, the magnitude of sediment redistribution by flow, patch elevation relative to water level, and the variability of erosion rates in vegetation patches with low flow-resistance. As we exemplify in our case-study of the Everglades ridge and slough landscape, feedback between flow and vegetation also causes hysteresis in landscape evolution trajectories that will affect the potential for landscape restoration. Namely, even if the hydrologic conditions that historically produced higher flows are restored, degraded portions of the ridge and slough landscape are unlikely to revert to their former patterning. As wetlands and floodplains worldwide become increasingly threatened by climate change and urbanization, the greater mechanistic understanding of landscape pattern and process that our analysis provides will improve our ability to forecast and manage the behavior of these ecosystems.
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