{"pageNumber":"187","pageRowStart":"4650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":2290,"text":"wsp2378 - 1992 - Evaluation of selected methods for determining streamflow during periods of ice effect","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20096,"text":"ofr90554 - 1990 - Evaluation of selected methods for determining streamflow during periods of ice effect","indexId":"ofr90554","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of selected methods for determining streamflow during periods of ice effect"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2290,"text":"wsp2378 - 1992 - Evaluation of selected methods for determining streamflow during periods of ice effect","indexId":"wsp2378","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of selected methods for determining streamflow during periods of ice effect"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-11T15:40:37","indexId":"wsp2378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2378","title":"Evaluation of selected methods for determining streamflow during periods of ice effect","docAbstract":"<p>Seventeen methods for estimating ice-affected streamflow are evaluated for potential use with the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station network. The methods evaluated were identified by written responses from U.S. Geological Survey field offices and by a comprehensive literature search. The methods selected and techniques used for applying the methods are described in this report. The methods are evaluated by comparing estimated results with data collected at three streamflow-gaging stations in Iowa during the winter of 1987-88. Discharge measurements were obtained at 1- to 5-day intervals during the ice-affected periods at the three stations to define an accurate baseline record. Discharge records were compiled for each method based on data available, assuming a 6-week field schedule. The methods are classified into two general categories-subjective and analytical--depending on whether individual judgment is necessary for method application. On the basis of results of the evaluation for the three Iowa stations, two of the subjective methods (discharge ratio and hydrographic-and-climatic comparison) were more accurate than the other subjective methods and approximately as accurate as the best analytical method. Three of the analytical methods (index velocity, adjusted rating curve, and uniform flow) could potentially be used at streamflow-gaging stations, where the need for accurate ice-affected discharge estimates justifies the expense of collecting additional field data. One analytical method (ice-adjustment factor) may be appropriate for use at stations with extremely stable stage-discharge ratings and measuring sections. Further research is needed to refine the analytical methods. The discharge-ratio and multiple-regression methods produce estimates of streamflow for varying ice conditions using information obtained from the existing U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging network.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wsp2378","usgsCitation":"Melcher, N.B., and Walker, J., 1992, Evaluation of selected methods for determining streamflow during periods of ice effect: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2378, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2378.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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,{"id":20654,"text":"ofr92173 - 1992 - Selected hydrologic data for Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho, 1969-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T14:29:54","indexId":"ofr92173","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-173","title":"Selected hydrologic data for Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho, 1969-91","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains hydrologic data collected in Cache Valley from 1969 to 1991. The report area is in north-central Utah and southeast Idaho, within the Basin and Range physiographic province described by Fenneman (1931), and includes about 660 square miles.</p><p>Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Divisions of Water Resources and Water Rights. Some of the data collected before 1969 were previously published by McGreevy and Bjorklund (1970).</p><p>The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the area's water resources, and to supplement interpretive reports for the area. Tables 1 to 7 contain selected well, spring, and surface-water data. The numbering systems used in this report for hydrologic-data sites are illustrated in figure 1. Hydrologic-data sites are shown on plate 1.</p><p>These data could not have been collected without the cooperation of local residents and officials of irrigation companies and municipalities, that permitted access to their wells, springs, and canals to measure water levels in wells and flow in springs and canals. The Idaho Department of Water Resources also provided valuable assistance and data. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr92173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Roark, D.M., and Hanson, K.M., 1992, Selected hydrologic data for Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho, 1969-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-173, Report: iv, 65 p.; Plate: 19.04 in x 32.33 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92173.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 65 p.; Plate: 19.04 in x 32.33 in","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50181,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0173/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50182,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0173/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Cache Valley","publicComments":"This is also Utah Hydrologic-Data Report no. 48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f928e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roark, D. Michael mroark@usgs.gov","contributorId":127806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D.","email":"mroark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Karen M. khanson@usgs.gov","contributorId":936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Karen","email":"khanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30501,"text":"wri924020 - 1992 - Techniques for estimating peak-flow frequency relations for North Dakota streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T13:44:07","indexId":"wri924020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4020","title":"Techniques for estimating peak-flow frequency relations for North Dakota streams","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents techniques for estimating peak-flow frequency relations for North Dakota streams.&nbsp; In addition, a generalized skew coefficient analysis was completed for North Dakota to test the validity of using the generalized skew coefficient map in Bulletin 17B of the Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1982, \"Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency.\"&nbsp; The analysis indicates that the generalized skew coefficient map in Bulletin 17B provides accurate estimates of generalized skew coefficient values for natural-flow streams in North Dakota.</p><p>&nbsp;Peak-flow records through 1988 for 192 continuous- and partial-record streamflow gaging stations that had 10 or more years of record were used in a generalized least-squares regression analysis that relates peak flows for selected recurrence intervals to selected basin characteristics.&nbsp; Peak-flow equations were developed for recurrence intervals of 2, 10, 15, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years for three hydrologic regions in North Dakota.&nbsp; The peak-flow equations are applicable to natural-flow streams that have drainage areas of less than or equal to 1,000 square miles.&nbsp; The standard error of estimate for the three hydrologic regions ranges from 60 to 70 percent for the 100-year peak-flow equations.</p><p>&nbsp;Methods are presented for transferring peak-flow data from gaging stations to ungaged sites on the same stream and for determining peak flows for ungaged sites on ungaged streams.&nbsp; Peak-flow relations, weighted estimates of peak flow, and selected basin characteristics are tabulated for the 192 gaging stations used in the generalized skew coefficient and regression analyses.&nbsp; Peak-flow relations also are provided for 63 additional gaging stations that were not used in the generalized skew coefficient and regression analyses.&nbsp; These 63 gaging stations generally represent streams that are significantly controlled by regulation and those that have drainage areas greater than 1,000 square miles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924020","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, T., 1992, Techniques for estimating peak-flow frequency relations for North Dakota streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4020, iv, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924020.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59276,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":4726,"text":"twri03B7 - 1992 - Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16509,"text":"ofr8956 - 1989 - Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow","indexId":"ofr8956","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4726,"text":"twri03B7 - 1992 - Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow","indexId":"twri03B7","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"twri03B7","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-B7","title":"Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow","docAbstract":"Analytical solutions to the advective-dispersive solute-transport equation are useful in predicting the fate of solutes in ground water. Analytical solutions compiled from available literature or derived by the author are presented for a variety of boundary condition types and solute-source configurations in one-, two-, and three-dimensional systems having uniform ground-water flow. A set of user-oriented computer programs was created to evaluate these solutions and to display the results in tabular and computer-graphics format. These programs incorporate many features that enhance their accuracy, ease of use, and versatility. Documentation for the programs describes their operation and required input data, and presents the results of sample problems. Derivations of selected solutions, source codes for the computer programs, and samples of program input and output also are included.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;Book and Open-File Report Sales [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/twri03B7","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Wexler, E.J., 1992, Analytical solutions for one-, two-, and three-dimensional solute transport in ground-water systems with uniform flow: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-B7, x, 190 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03B7.","productDescription":"x, 190 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-b7/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c35c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wexler, Eliezer J.","contributorId":99963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"Eliezer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26362,"text":"wri914022 - 1992 - Hydrogeology, water quality, and potential for transport of organochlorine pesticides in ground water at the North Hollywood Dump, Memphis, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri914022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4022","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, and potential for transport of organochlorine pesticides in ground water at the North Hollywood Dump, Memphis, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data indicate that ground-water contamination is confined to shallow horizons within the unconfined aquifer underlying the North Hollywood Dump in Memphis, Tennessee. The dump is a closed municipal-industrial landfill that has been ranked as Tennessee's potentially most dangerous hazardous-waste site. Toxic constituents of concern at the dump include residues from the manufacture of organochlorine pesticides. The dump overlies an unconfined aquifer of unconsolidated sands, silts, and clays. During average hydrologic conditions, ground waterflows beneath the dump at a mean velocity of approximately 3 feet per day and discharges to the Wolf River. Leachate from the dump mixes with underlying ground water, resulting in increased concentrations of dissolved solids and organic carbon downgradient from the dump. The mobility of chlordane, a representative organochlorine pesticide, is limited by its low solubility and its strong affinity for sand, silt, and clays of the aquifer. Degradation of chlordane may occur slowly, if at all, in the aquifer. Based on estimates of mean ground-water velocity and retardation of the pesticide due to sorption, mean travel times for chlordane migrating from the dump to the ground-water discharge zone are of the order of 50 to 500 years. Simulations of chlordane concentration resulting from the discharge of contaminated ground water and complete mixing in the Wolf River are sensitive to assumptions about chlordane persistence in the unconfined aquifer. If the half life of chlordane in the aquifer is assumed to be 30 years or less, the simulated concentration of chlordane in the Wolf River under average flow conditions is less than the most stringent water-quality criterion.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914022","usgsCitation":"Broshears, R.E., and Bradley, M.W., 1992, Hydrogeology, water quality, and potential for transport of organochlorine pesticides in ground water at the North Hollywood Dump, Memphis, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4022, v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914022.","productDescription":"v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_91_4022.jpg"},{"id":2032,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6148bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broshears, R. E.","contributorId":75552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, M. W.","contributorId":40610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17510,"text":"ofr92539C - 1992 - Preliminary data on rock samples (KG-1 to KG-24) in the Cooperative Monterey Organic Geochemistry Study, Santa Maria and Santa Barbara-Ventura basins, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:15","indexId":"ofr92539C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-539","chapter":"C","title":"Preliminary data on rock samples (KG-1 to KG-24) in the Cooperative Monterey Organic Geochemistry Study, Santa Maria and Santa Barbara-Ventura basins, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92539C","usgsCitation":"Isaacs, C., Pollastro, R.M., Arends, R., Barron, J., Cotton, M., Filewicz, M., Flower, B., and Piper, D., 1992, Preliminary data on rock samples (KG-1 to KG-24) in the Cooperative Monterey Organic Geochemistry Study, Santa Maria and Santa Barbara-Ventura basins, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-539, 29 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92539C.","productDescription":"29 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0539c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46659,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0539c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c67e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaacs, C.M.","contributorId":44163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacs","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollastro, R. M.","contributorId":6809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arends, R.G.","contributorId":63412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arends","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barron, J.A. 0000-0002-9309-1145","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":95461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cotton, M.L.","contributorId":30241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotton","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Filewicz, M.V.","contributorId":13646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filewicz","given":"M.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flower, B.P.","contributorId":7301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flower","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":19229,"text":"ofr91494 - 1992 - A generalized finite-difference formulation for the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr91494","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-494","title":"A generalized finite-difference formulation for the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Modular Ground-Water Flow Model assumes that model nodes are in the center of cells and that transmissivity is constant within a cell. Based on these assumptions, the model calculates coefficients, called conductance, that are multiplied by head difference to determine flow between cells. Although these are common assumptions in finite-difference models, other assumptions are possible. A new option to the model program reads conductance as input data rather than calculating it. This optional lows the user to calculate conductance outside of the model. The user thus has the flexibility to define conductance using any desired assumptions. \r\n\r\nFor a water-table condition, horizontal conductance must change as water level varies. To handle this situation, the new option reads conductance divided by thickness (CDT) as input data. The model calculates saturated thickness and multiplies it by CDT to obtain conductance. Thus, the user is still free from the assumptions of centered nodes and constant transmissivity in cells. \r\n\r\nThe model option is written in FORTRAN77 and is fully compatible with the existing model. This report documents the new model option; it includes a description of the concepts, detailed input instructions, and a listing of the code.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr91494","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., 1992, A generalized finite-difference formulation for the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-494, iii, 60 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91494.","productDescription":"iii, 60 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1083,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr91494/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":180524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26689,"text":"wri924019 - 1992 - Suspended sediment in Trail Creek at Michigan City, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:15:56","indexId":"wri924019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4019","title":"Suspended sediment in Trail Creek at Michigan City, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Trail Creek is a small (54.1-square-mile drainage area) tributary of Lake Michigan located in northwestern Indiana. A harbor at the mouth of the stream has experienced excessive sediment deposition. A study was done to investigate the suspended-sediment characteristics of Trail Creek. The study included analysis of suspended-sediment concentration and particle-size data, and estimates of annual suspended-sediment load. Suspended-sediment concentrations ranged from only a few milligrams per liter at low flows to about 300 milligrams per liter at high flows. At low flows, the suspended sediment was mostly silt- and clay-sized material (less than 0.062 millimeter). The percentage of silt- and clay-sized material gradually decreased to about 50 percent of the suspended sediment at high flows. Estimates of the annual suspended-sediment load for the 1981-90 water years were calculated by the flow-duration, rating-curve method. Annual loads ranged from 3,690 to 8,250 tons. The average annual load for the 10-year period was 6,180 tons. Annual suspended-sediment yield (load per unit drainage area) averaged 114 tons per square mile; this value is within the range of values from 14 other previously investigated streams in northern Indiana. Average annual yields of these 14 streams ranged from 11 to 152 tons per square mile; the median annual yield was 56 tons per square mile.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924019","usgsCitation":"Crawford, C.G., and Jacques, D.V., 1992, Suspended sediment in Trail Creek at Michigan City, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4019, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924019.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55552,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4019/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Trail 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,{"id":19031,"text":"ofr92629 - 1992 - Water-supply potential of major streams and the upper Floridan Aquifer in the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19031,"text":"ofr92629 - 1992 - Water-supply potential of major streams and the upper Floridan Aquifer in the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia","indexId":"ofr92629","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Water-supply potential of major streams and the upper Floridan Aquifer in the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1414,"text":"wsp2411 - 1997 - Water-supply potential of major streams and the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia","indexId":"wsp2411","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Water-supply potential of major streams and the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1414,"text":"wsp2411 - 1997 - Water-supply potential of major streams and the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia","indexId":"wsp2411","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Water-supply potential of major streams and the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T21:16:43.635017","indexId":"ofr92629","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-629","title":"Water-supply potential of major streams and the upper Floridan Aquifer in the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Long-term pumping from the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Savannah, Georgia, area has lowered </span><span>ground-water levels, resulting in increased salinity of ground water by seawater encroachment at Hilton Head </span><span>Island, S.C., and by saltwater intrusion at Brunswick, Ga. Increased pumpage could cause further salinization </span><span>of the ground-water resources. </span></p><p><span>The Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers can be considered potential water-supply sources for the Savannah, Ga., area, on the basis of historic stream flow records and water-quality constituents and properties examined. Analyses of stream-discharge data indicate that the minimum average discharges for 7 consecutive days for a 10-year recurrence interval (7010), was 5,460 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) at Savannah River near Clyo, Ga., and 192 ft3/s at Ogeechee River near Eden, Ga. For example, 90 percent of the time, flows in excess of the 7010 discharges are about 900 and 200 ft3/s, respectively. However, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, imposes a non-depletable flow criterion; thus, the actual quantity of water available for withdrawal probably would be less than flows in excess of minimum flow criteria, such as the 7Q10.</span></p><div class=\"page\" data-page-number=\"11\" data-loaded=\"true\"><div class=\"textLayer\"><span>A ground-water flow model was developed and used in conjunction with other previously calibrated </span><span>models in the coastal area to simulate the effects of additional pumping on water levels near sites of seawater </span><span>encroachment at Hilton Head Island and saltwater intrusion at Brunswick. Based on model simulations and the </span><span>constraint of preventing water-level declines at locations of encroachment and intrusion, the potential of the </span><span>Upper Floridan aquifer to supply additional water in the Savannah area is limited under present (1985) </span><span>hydrologic conditions. The water-supply potential ranges from less than 1 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in </span><span>Liberty, McIntosh, most of Bryan, and southern Chatham Counties, Ga., and in southern Beaufort County, S.C., </span><span>to more than 5 Mgal/d in northern Jasper and northern Beaufort Counties, S.C. Because of the limited water-</span><span>supply potential, hypothetical alternatives involving redistributions, redistributions and small increases, and </span><span>decreases in pumpage were simulated to determine the effects on water levels. These simulations indicate that </span><span>reductions and redistributions of pumping would not adversely affect water levels at locations of encroachment </span><span>and intrusion. Increased pumping would cause water-level declines, which might increase salinization of the </span><span>fresh-water aquifer.</span>.&nbsp;<br></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr92629","usgsCitation":"Garza, R., and Krause, R., 1992, Water-supply potential of major streams and the upper Floridan Aquifer in the vicinity of Savannah, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-629, Report: viii, 49 p.; 19 Plates: 17.34 x 19.64 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92629.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 49 p.; 19 Plates: 17.34 x 19.64 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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States","state":"Georgia","city":"Savannah","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.221923828125,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.892333984375,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.892333984375,\n              32.16631295696736\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.221923828125,\n              32.16631295696736\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.221923828125,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garza, Reggina","contributorId":102051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"Reggina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krause, R.E.","contributorId":73210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27740,"text":"wri914194 - 1992 - Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:14:58","indexId":"wri914194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4194","title":"Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow in Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow were analyzed for 25 pairs of streamflow-gaging stations in Michigan. Stations were paired by randomly choosing a station operated in 1989 at which 10 or more years of continuous flow data had been collected and at which flow is virtually unregulated; a nearby station was chosen where flow characteristics are similar. Streamflow data from the 25 randomly selected stations were used as the response variables; streamflow data at the nearby stations were used to generate a set of explanatory variables. </p><p>Ordinary-least squares regression (OLSR) equations, autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) equations, and transfer function-noise (TFN) equations were developed to estimate the log transform of flow for the 25 randomly selected stations. The precision of each type of equation was evaluated on the basis of the standard deviation of the estimation errors. OLSR equations produce one set of estimation errors; ARIMA and TFN models each produce <i>l</i> sets of estimation errors corresponding to the forecast lead. The lead-<i>l</i> forecast is the estimate of flow <i>l</i> days ahead of the most recent streamflow used as a response variable in the estimation. In this analysis, the standard deviation of lead <i>l</i> ARIMA and TFN forecast errors were generally lower than the standard deviation of OLSR errors for <i>l</i> &lt; 2 days and <i>l</i> &lt; 9 days, respectively. </p><p>Composite estimates were computed as a weighted average of forecasts based on TFN equations and backcasts (forecasts of the reverse-ordered series) based on ARIMA equations. The standard deviation of composite errors varied throughout the length of the estimation interval and generally was at maximum near the center of the interval. For comparison with OLSR errors, the mean standard deviation of composite errors were computed for intervals of length 1 to 40 days. The mean standard deviation of length-<i>l</i> composite errors were generally less than the standard deviation of the OLSR errors for <i>l</i> &lt; 32 days. In addition, the composite estimates ensure a gradual transition between periods of estimated and measured flows. </p><p>Model performance among stations of differing model error magnitudes were compared by computing ratios of the mean standard deviation of the length <i>l</i> composite errors to the standard deviation of OLSR errors. The mean error ratio for the set of 25 selected stations was less than 1 for intervals <i>l</i> &lt; 32 days. Considering the frequency characteristics of the length of intervals of estimated record in Michigan, the effective mean error ratio for intervals &lt; 30 days was 0.52. Thus, for intervals of estimation of 1 month or less, the error of the composite estimate is substantially lower than error of the OLSR estimate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri914194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Salehi, H., 1992, Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4194, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914194.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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,{"id":19937,"text":"ofr92125 - 1992 - Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin: Programs and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T10:06:58","indexId":"ofr92125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-125","title":"Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin: Programs and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991-92","docAbstract":"<p>PROBLEM: Surface-water information is needed for surveillance, planning, design, hazard warning, operation, and management in water-related fields such as water supply, hydroelectric power, flood control, irrigation, bridge and culvert design, wildlife management, pollution abatement, flood-plain management, and water-resources development An appropriate data base is necessary to provide this information.</p>\n<p>OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to provide continuous discharge records for selected rivers at specific sites to supply the needs for: regulation, analytical studies, definition of statistical properties, trends analysis, determination of the occurrence, and distribution of water in streams for planning. The project is also designed to determine lake levels and to provide discharge for floods, low-flow conditions, and for water-quality investigations. Requests for streamflow data and information relating to streamflow in Wisconsin are answered. Basic data are published annually in \"Water Resources Data Wisconsin.\"</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92125","usgsCitation":"Maertz, D., 1992, Water-resources investigations in Wisconsin: Programs and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-125, xi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92125.","productDescription":"xi, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0125/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49444,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0125/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":27564,"text":"wri914177 - 1992 - Geohydrology of, and simulation of ground-water flow in, the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri914177","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4177","title":"Geohydrology of, and simulation of ground-water flow in, the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic data collected since 1990 were assessed and a ground-water-flow model was refined in this study of the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer in Milford, New Hampshire. The hydrogeologic data collected were used to refine estimates of hydraulic conductivity and saturated thickness of the aquifer, which were previously calculated during 1988-90. In October 1990, water levels were measured at 124 wells and piezometers, and at 45 stream-seepage sites on the main stem of the Souhegan River, and on small tributary streams overlying the aquifer to improve an understanding of ground-water-flow patterns and stream-seepage gains and losses.  Refinement of the ground-water-flow model included a reduction in the number of active cells in layer 2 in the central part of the aquifer, a revision of simulated hydraulic conductivity in model layers 2 and representing the aquifer, incorporation of a new block-centered finite-difference ground-water-flow model, and incorporation of a new solution algorithm and solver (a preconditioned conjugate-gradient algorithm).  Refinements to the model resulted in decreases in the difference between calculated and measured heads at 22 wells. The distribution of gains and losses of stream seepage calculated in simulation with the refined model is similar to that calculated in the previous model simulation. The contributing area to the Savage well, under average pumping conditions, decreased by 0.021 square miles from the area calculated in the previous model simulation. The small difference in the contrib- uting recharge area indicates that the additional data did not enhance model simulation and that the conceptual framework for the previous model is accurate.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914177","usgsCitation":"Harte, P., and Mack, T.J., 1992, Geohydrology of, and simulation of ground-water flow in, the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4177, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 104 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914177.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 104 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4177/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56425,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4177/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":39814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20610,"text":"ofr92659 - 1992 - Source code for the computer program and sample data set for the simulation of cylindrical flow to a well using the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T14:30:20","indexId":"ofr92659","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-659","title":"Source code for the computer program and sample data set for the simulation of cylindrical flow to a well using the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;Books and Open-File Reports Section, distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92659","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., and Harbaugh, A., 1992, Source code for the computer program and sample data set for the simulation of cylindrical flow to a well using the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-659, 12 p. ;1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92659.","productDescription":"12 p. ;1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0659/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50135,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0659/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":270189,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0659/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harbaugh, A.W.","contributorId":15208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19354,"text":"ofr91484 - 1992 - A computer program (MODFLOWP) for estimating parameters of a transient, three-dimensional ground-water flow model using nonlinear regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-16T11:05:11","indexId":"ofr91484","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-484","title":"A computer program (MODFLOWP) for estimating parameters of a transient, three-dimensional ground-water flow model using nonlinear regression","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents a new version of the U.S. Geological Survey modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model (MODFLOW) which, with the new Parameter-Estimation Package that also is documented in this report, can be used to estimate parameters by nonlinear regression. The new version of MODFLOW is called MODFLOWP (pronounced MOD-FLOW*P), and functions nearly identically to MODFLOW when the ParameterEstimation Package is not used. Parameters are estimated by minimizing a weighted least-squares objective function by the modified Gauss-Newton method or by a conjugate-direction method. Parameters used to calculate the following MODFLOW model inputs can be estimated: Transmissivity and storage coefficient of confined layers; hydraulic conductivity and specific yield of unconfined layers; vertical leakance; vertical anisotropy (used to calculate vertical leakance); horizontal anisotropy; hydraulic conductance of the River, Streamflow-Routing, General-Head Boundary, and Drain Packages; areal recharge rates; maximum evapotranspiration; pumpage rates; and the hydraulic head at constant-head boundaries. Any spatial variation in parameters can be defined by the user. Data used to estimate parameters can include existing independent estimates of parameter values, observed hydraulic heads or temporal changes in hydraulic heads, and observed gains and losses along head-dependent boundaries (such as streams). Model output includes statistics for analyzing the parameter estimates and the model; these statistics can be used to quantify the reliability of the resulting model, to suggest changes in model construction, and to compare results of models constructed in different ways.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr91484","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 1992, A computer program (MODFLOWP) for estimating parameters of a transient, three-dimensional ground-water flow model using nonlinear regression: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-484, Report: viii, 358 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91484.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 358 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"368","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0484/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48830,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0484/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b09e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary Catherine","contributorId":53400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19747,"text":"ofr9227 - 1992 - The ground-water-level monitoring network in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-11T15:46:30","indexId":"ofr9227","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-27","title":"The ground-water-level monitoring network in Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The ground-water-level monitoring network in Iowa consists of 202 wells completed in the principal bedrock and surficial aquifers that supply ground water to numerous users throughout the State. The bedrock aquifers include the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, the Silurian-Devonian aquifer, the Mississippian aquifer, localized Pennsylvanian aquifers, and the Dakota aquifer. The surficial aquifers can be divided into three types: (1) buried channel, (2) alluvial, and (3) glacial drift. Information about the location, date of construction, and depth of each well, and the year water-level measurements began are provided for wells completed in each aquifer.</p>\n<p>The objectives of the ground-water-level monitoring network in Iowa are to provide the data needed to: (1) determine the change in aquifer storage, (2) document the effects of climatic stress and human activities on discharge and recharge to the principal aquifers, (3) quantify the physical characteristics of ground-water flow including the transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and specific capacity of aquifers; and (4) provide historical baseline data for future research. The design of the ground-water-level monitoring network in Iowa that satisfies these objectives includes three types of data: (1) hydrologic data, (2) water-management data for use by State and local officials, and (3) baseline data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Lambert, R., 1992, The ground-water-level monitoring network in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-27, vi, 31 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9227.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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,{"id":29532,"text":"wri924063 - 1992 - Low-flow characteristics at selected sites on streams in eastern Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri924063","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4063","title":"Low-flow characteristics at selected sites on streams in eastern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"This report presents analyses of low-flow data for 12 continuous-record streamflow gaging stations and 81 partial-record sites in eastern Puerto Rico.  Information on low-flow magnitude and frequency is essential in hydrologic studies and for optimum development of surface water resources.  The report includes analyses of low-flow data and tabulations of computed low-flow magnitude and frequency for 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 consecutive days with recurrence intervals of 2 and 10 years for continuous-record gaging stations.  Low-flow estimates are provided for partial-record stations for 7, 14, and 30 consecutive days with recurrence intervals of 2 and 10 years.  Values at partial-record stations were estimated from the relation between concurrent flows at the partial-record stations and nearby continuous-record stations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924063","usgsCitation":"Santiago-Rivera, L., 1992, Low-flow characteristics at selected sites on streams in eastern Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4063, ix, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924063.","productDescription":"ix, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4063/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58369,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Santiago-Rivera, Luis","contributorId":83888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santiago-Rivera","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54646,"text":"wdrMARI911 - 1992 - Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T13:36:35.553557","indexId":"wdrMARI911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MA-RI-91-1","title":"Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1991","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data for the 1991 water year for Massachusetts and Rhode Island consists of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records for 79 gaging stations, month end contents for six lakes and reservoirs, water quality for nine gaging stations, and water levels for119 observation wells. Also included are data for 58 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. A few pertinent stations in bordering states are also included in this report. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI911","collaboration":"This report was prepared in cooperation with the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Gadoury, R.A., Socolow, R., and Ramsbey, L., 1992, Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-91-1, xvi, 247 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI911.","productDescription":"xvi, 247 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/mari-91-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":492734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/mari-91-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.61942990666182,\n              42.90282170145497\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.61942990666182,\n              41.086508397370466\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.6441324266006,\n              41.086508397370466\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.6441324266006,\n              42.90282170145497\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.61942990666182,\n              42.90282170145497\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gadoury, R. A.","contributorId":26334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadoury","given":"R.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Socolow, R.S.","contributorId":17639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsbey, L.R.","contributorId":78393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsbey","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54566,"text":"wdrHI911 - 1992 - Water resources data, Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1991: Volume 1. Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T16:07:02.16802","indexId":"wdrHI911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-91-1","title":"Water resources data, Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1991: Volume 1. Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1991 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report, volume 1, contains discharge records for 83 gaging stations; water quality for 16 gaging stations, 26 partial-record flow stations, and 128 wells; and water levels for 34 observation wells. Also included are 107 crest-stage partial record stations, and 6 low-flow partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI911","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resource Management and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, I., Kunishige, V., and Lum, M., 1992, Water Resources Data, Hawaii and other Pacific Areas, Water Year 1991. Volume 1. Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report HI-91-1, 282 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrHI911.","productDescription":"x, 282 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/hi-91-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":501191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/hi-91-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsuoka, Iwao","contributorId":34966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Iwao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunishige, V.E.","contributorId":44980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunishige","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lum, M.G.","contributorId":86040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70196621,"text":"70196621 - 1992 - Physical oceanographic investigation of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-20T12:11:36","indexId":"70196621","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Physical oceanographic investigation of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays","docAbstract":"<p>This physical oceanographic study of the Massachusetts Bays (fig. 1) was designed to provide for the first time a bay-wide description of the circulation and mixing processes on a seasonal basis. Most of the measurements were conducted between April 1990 and June 1991 and consisted of moored observations to study the current flow patterns (fig. 2), hydrographic surveys to document the changes in water properties (fig. 3), high-resolution surveys of velocity and water properties to provide information on the spatial variability of the flow, drifter deployments to measure the currents, and acquisition of satellite images to provide a bay-wide picture of the surface temperature and its spatial variability. A longterm objective of the Massachusetts Bays program is to develop an understanding of the transport of water, dissolved substances and particles throughout the bays. Because horizontal and vertical transport is important to biological, chemical, and geological processes in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays, this physical oceanographic study will have broad application and will improve the ability to manage and monitor the water and sediment quality of the Bays. </p><p>Key results are:</p><ul><li>There is a marked seasonal variation in stratification in the bays, from well mixed conditions during the winter to strong stratification in the summertime. The stratification acts as a partial barrier to exchange between the surface waters and the deeper waters and causes the motion of the surface waters to be decoupled from the more sluggish flow of the deep waters. </li><li>During much of the year, there is weak but persistent counterclockwise flow around the bays, made up of southwesterly flow past Cape Ann, southward flow along the western shore, and outflow north of Race Point. The data suggest that this residual flow pattern reverses in fall. Fluctuations caused by wind and density variations are typically larger than the long-term mean. </li><li>With the exception of western Massachusetts Bay, flushing of the Bays is largely the result of the mean throughflow. Residence time estimates of the surface waters range from 20-45 days. The deeper water has a longer residence time, but its value is difficult to estimate. There is evidence that the deep waters in Stellwagen Basin are not renewed between the onset of stratification and the fall cooling period.</li><li>Current measurements made near the new outfall site in western Massachusetts Bay suggest that water and material discharged there are not swept away in a consistent direction by a well-defined steady current but are mixed and transported by a variety of processes, including the action of tides, winds, and river inflow. One-day particle excursions are typically less than 10 km. The outfall is apparently located in a region to the west of the basin-wide residual flow pattern.</li><li>Observations in western Massachusetts Bay, near the location of the future Boston sewage outfall, show that the surficial sediments are episodically resuspended from the seafloor during storms. The observations suggest onshore transport of suspended material during tranquil periods and episodic offshore and southerly alongshore transport of resuspended sediments during storms. </li><li>The spatial complexity of the flow in the Massachusetts Bays is typical of nearshore areas that have irregular coastal shorelines and topography and currents that are forced locally by wind and river runoff as well as by the flow in adjacent regions. Numerical models are providing a mechanism to interpret the complex spatial flow patterns that cannot be completely resolved by field observations and to investigate key physical processes that control the physics of water and particle transport.<br></li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"The Massachusetts Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Geyer, W.R., Gardner, G.B., Brown, W.S., Irish, J.D., Butman, B., Loder, T., and Signell, R.P., 1992, Physical oceanographic investigation of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachussetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod Bay, Massachussetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.4935302734375,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.3072509765625,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.3072509765625,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4935302734375,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4935302734375,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2814e4b0da30c1bfd741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geyer, W. Rockwell","contributorId":195908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geyer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Rockwell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, George B.","contributorId":204370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Wendell S.","contributorId":204371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irish, James D.","contributorId":177134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irish","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loder, T.C.","contributorId":62817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loder","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":733797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70197490,"text":"70197490 - 1992 -  Remote sensing studies of the geomorphology of Surtsey, 1987-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T12:33:04","indexId":"70197490","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5707,"text":"Surtsey Research Progress Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":" Remote sensing studies of the geomorphology of Surtsey, 1987-1991","docAbstract":"<p>The volcanic island of Surtsey, formed by explosive submarine and effusive subaerial eruptions between November 1963 and June 1967, consists of a complex combination of primary and redeposited tephra and alkaline olivine basalt lava flows in a 2.5 km<sup>2</sup> area (Thorarinsson, 1967; Thorarinsson et al., 1964; Fridriksson, 1975). During the past 24 years, wave and wind erosion of this subaerial mid-ocean ridge (MOR) vent complex have modified Surtsey's coastal morphology, including the deposition of a 0.5 km-long northern peninsula (<i>ness</i>) composed of tephra and rounded lava fragments derived from the southern half of the island. Detailed geomorphologic and sedimentologic mapping of the various surface units now present on Surtsey has been accomplished throughout the history of the evolving island, most recently by Calles et al. (1980) and Ingolfsson (1980). On the basis of these studies, an effort to quantify the topographic characteristics of the primary geomorphic units on the island was initiated by the&nbsp;National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in 1987. The objective has been to directly measure the microtopographic properties of the widest range of surface types possible, with special emphasis on the pristine or dynamic types. While large-scale topographic maps of Surtsey were prepared in 1968 and 1975 (Norrman, 1980; Norrman and Erlingsson, 1991; Calles et al, 1980), and geodetic leveling surveys have been carried out (Moore, 1980), there have been no recent attempts to geodetically determine the local topography of the island. Because of the rapid rates of geomorphic processes, such as erosion and deposition, on a small, geologically isolated volcanic island such as Surtsey, it is desirable to determine the meter-scale topographic character of its surface units and landforms, and later a remeasurement of the same surfaces to further quantify volumetric change, subsidence, and process rates. In addition, precise&nbsp;measurements of sub-meter-scale topography of pristine geologic surfaces provides necessary data for the investigation of whether various geologic processes demonstrate fractal or self-affine behavior at a range of length-scales within the interval 0.1 in to 1 km. Thus Surtsey offers a unique opportunity to apply new remote sensing techniques to the measurement of the evolving surface \"roughness\" characteristics of pristine geologic surfaces within an historically well-monitored environment. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Surtsey Research Society","publisherLocation":"Reykjavik, Iceland","usgsCitation":"Garvin, J.B., and Williams, R.S., 1992,  Remote sensing studies of the geomorphology of Surtsey, 1987-1991: Surtsey Research Progress Report, v. 10, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.surtsey.is/pp_ens/report/report_X.htm"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111fdae4b034bf6a81b5d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garvin, James B.","contributorId":22112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garvin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R. S. Jr.","contributorId":95408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30083,"text":"wri914130 - 1992 - Techniques for estimating 7-day, 10-year low-flow characteristics for ungaged sites on streams in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T21:49:38.53325","indexId":"wri914130","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4130","title":"Techniques for estimating 7-day, 10-year low-flow characteristics for ungaged sites on streams in Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>Mississippi State water laws require that the 7-day, 10-year low-flow characteristic (7Q10) of streams be used as a criterion for issuing wastedischarge permits to dischargers to streams and for limiting withdrawals of water from streams. This report presents techniques for estimating the 7Q10 for ungaged sites on streams in Mississippi based on the availability of baseflow discharge measurements at the site, location of nearby gaged sites on the same stream, and drainage area of the ungaged site. These techniques may be used to estimate the 7Q10 at sites on natural, unregulated or partially regulated, and non-tidal streams. Low-flow characteristics for streams in the Mississippi River alluvial plain were not estimated because the annual lowflow data exhibit decreasing trends with time. Also presented are estimates of the 7Q10 for 493 gaged sites on Mississippi streams.</p><p>Techniques for estimating the 7Q10 have been developed for ungaged sites with base-flow discharge measurements, for ungaged sites on gaged streams, and for ungaged sites on ungaged streams. For an ungaged site with one or more base-flow discharge measurements, base-flow discharge data at the ungaged site are related to concurrent discharge data at a nearby gaged site. For ungaged sites on gaged streams, several methods of transferring the 7Q10 from a gaged site to an ungaged site were developed; the resulting 7Q10 values are based on drainage area prorations for the sites. For ungaged sites on ungaged streams, the 7Q10 is estimated from a map developed for. this study that shows the unit 7Q10 (7Q10 per square mile of drainage area) for ungaged basins in the State. The mapped values were estimated from the unit 7Q10 determined for nearby gaged basins, adjusted on the basis of the geology and topography of the ungaged basins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pat Harrison Waterway District, Pearl River Basin Development District, Tombigbee River Valley Water Management District, Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, Mississippi Office of Land and Water Resources, Mississippi Office of Pollution Control","usgsCitation":"Telis, P.A., 1992, Techniques for estimating 7-day, 10-year low-flow characteristics for ungaged sites on streams in Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4130, Report: iv, 143 p.; Plate: 35.61 x 48.12 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914130.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 143 p.; Plate: 35.61 x 48.12 inches","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6861d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Telis, Pamela A. patelis@usgs.gov","contributorId":1461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telis","given":"Pamela","email":"patelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":202645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27105,"text":"wri904108 - 1991 - Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T12:09:26.947959","indexId":"wri904108","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:05:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4108","title":"Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"An investigation of the surficial aquifer system in Dade County, begun in 1983, is part of a regional study of the aquifer system in southeastern Florida. Test drilling for lithologic samples, flow measurements during drilling, aquifer testing, and analyses of earlier data permitted delineation of the hydraulic conductivity distribution (on hydrogeologic sections), the aquifers in the system, the generalized transmissivity distribution, and interpretation of the ground-water flow system. \r\n\r\nThe surficial aquifer system, in which an unconfined ground-water flow system exists, is composed of the sediments from land surface downward to the top of a regionally extensive zone of sediments of low permeability called the intermediate confining unit. The aquifer system units, which vary in composition from clay-size sediments to cavernous limestone, are hydro stratigraphically divided into the Biscayne aquifer at the top; an intervening semiconfining unit that consists principally of clayey sand; a predominantly gray limestone aquifer in the Tamiami Formation in western and west-central Dade County; and sand or clayey sand near the base of the surficial aquifer system. The base of the surficial aquifer system ranges from a depth of about 175 to 210 feet below land surface in westernmost Dade County to greater than 270 feet in northeastern Dade County. Test drilling and aquifer-test data indicate a complex hydraulic conductivity distribution. Hydraulic conductivities of the very highly permeable zone of the Biscayne aquifer commonly exceed 10,000 feet per day; in the gray limestone aquifer, they range from 210 to 780 feet per day. \r\n\r\nTransmissivities of the surficial aquifer system vary locally but have a recognizable areal trend. Estimated values generally are about 300,000 feet squared per day or greater in nearly all of central and eastern Dade County. Transmissivity is lower to the west, decreasing to less than 75,000 feet squared per day in western Dade County. High transmissivity usually is associated with thick sections of the Fort Thompson Formation within the Biscayne aquifer. The gray limestone aquifer of the Tamiami Formation has transmissivities that range from 5,800 to 39,000 feet squared per day in western Dade County. The transition from high transmissivity to relatively low transmissivity is often only a few miles wide and coincides with the decrease in thickness of the very highly permeable Fort Thompson Formation, which marks the western boundary of the Biscayne aquifer. \r\n\r\nMore effective drainage as a result of extensive canal systems and large-scale pumping from municipal well fields has greatly altered the predevelopment flow system in eastern Dade County by: (1) eliminating or greatly reducing a seasonal and coastal ground-water ridge; (2) reducing deep circulation; (3) reducing or eliminating seasonal westward movement of ground water; (4) causing accelerated stormwater runoff and short ground-water flow paths; and (5) generally lowering the water table and inducing saltwater intrusion. Under predevelopment conditions in western Dade County, water entered the gray limestone aquifer by lateral movement from Broward and Collier Counties, and by downward seepage from The Everglades and the Biscayne aquifer, and moved southward and southeastward into Dade County to coastal discharge areas. Circulation in the Biscayne aquifer inland also was primarily to the south and southeast. In eastern Dade County, the seasonal ground-water ridge that formed under predevelopment conditions supported both easterly and westerly ground-water flow away from the ridge axis. This seasonal flow created a zone of lower dissolved solids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri904108","usgsCitation":"Fish, J., and Stewart, M., 1991, Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4108, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904108.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2216,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4108/wri904108.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 90-4108"},{"id":389208,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4108/wri904108_plates.pdf","text":"Plates 1-11","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4108/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.79345703124999,\n              25.28443774698303\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.73876953124997,\n              25.28443774698303\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.72778320312499,\n              26.401710528707707\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              26.362342068998764\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.74951171874999,\n              26.43122806450644\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.79345703124999,\n              25.28443774698303\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa69d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, J.E.","contributorId":101658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, M.T.","contributorId":6487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039471,"text":"70039471 - 1991 - Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"70039471","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:03:20","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":379,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 1991","docAbstract":"The objectives of this study are to provide continuous discharge records for selected rivers at specific sites to supply the needs for regulation, analytical studies, definition of statistical properties, trends analysis, determination of the occurrence, and distribution of water in streams for planning. The project is also designed to determine lake levels and to provide discharge for floods, low-flow conditions, and for water-quality investigations. Requests for streamflow data and information relating to streamflow in Wisconsin are answered. Basic data are published annually in the report \"Water Resources Data-Wisconsin\".","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70039471","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1991, Wisconsin: A summary of cooperative water-resources investigations 1991: Report, v, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039471.","productDescription":"v, 81 p.","numberOfPages":"90","costCenters":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261602,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039471/report.pdf"},{"id":261603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039471/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.9,42.5 ], [ -92.9,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,47.05 ], [ -86.81666666666666,42.5 ], [ -92.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd170e4b08c986b32f423","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","contributorId":127977,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","id":535318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17639,"text":"ofr91514 - 1991 - Review of water demand and water utilization studies for the Provo River drainage basin, and review of a study of the effects of the proposed Jordanelle Reservoir on seepage to underground mines, Bonneville unit of the central Utah project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T20:16:49.984532","indexId":"ofr91514","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-514","title":"Review of water demand and water utilization studies for the Provo River drainage basin, and review of a study of the effects of the proposed Jordanelle Reservoir on seepage to underground mines, Bonneville unit of the central Utah project","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Problem:&nbsp;</strong>Questions have been raised concerning the adequacy of available water to fulfill the needs of storage, exchanges, diversions, and instream flows, pursuant to existing water rights in the Provo River drainage basin part of the Bonneville Unit. Also, concern has been expressed about the potential for seepage of water from Jordanelle Reservoir to underground mines. The Utah Congressional Delegation requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) review the results of analyses performed by and for the USBR.</p><p><strong>Purpose and Scope:</strong>&nbsp;The purpose of this report is to present the results of the USGS review of (1) the hydrologic data, techniques, and model used by the USBR in their hydrologic analyses of the Provo River drainage basin and (2) the results of a study of the potential for seepage from the Jordanelle Reservoir to nearby underground mines.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p><p>The USGS reviewed USBR-supplied water demands, water utilization studies, and models of seepage from Jordanelle Reservoir. The USBR estimated that about 90 percent of the water supply for Jordanelle Reservoir will be water from Strawberry Reservoir exchanged for water from the Provo River stored in Utah Lake. If the Utah State Engineer allows the USBR to claim an estimated 19,700 acre-feet of return flows from the CUP, only about 77 percent of the supply would be derived from exchange of existing water rights in Utah Lake. The USGS assumed that planned importations of water from the Uinta Basin will be available and deliverable to fulfill the proposed exchanges.</p><p>Water rights and demands are important for determining water availability. The USGS did not conduct an independent review of water rights and demands. The USSR and Utah Division of Water Rights use different methods in some areas for determining stress on the system based on past records. The USSR used \"historical observed diversions\" and the Utah Division of Water Rights use \"diversion entitlements\", which may not be equal to the historical diversions. The USGS based its review upon water demands used by the USSR. The Utah Division of Water Rights has responsibility for granting and enforcing water rights, and the final decisions on how the rights will be adjudicated lies with the Utah Division of Water Rights and with the courts. The USGS review did not consider the draft water distribution plan for the Utah Lake drainage basin proposed by the Utah State Engineer (written commun., October 15,1991). This plan, when finalized, may have an effect on water availability to the CUP. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr91514","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Freethey, G., Susong, D., and Pyper, G., 1991, Review of water demand and water utilization studies for the Provo River drainage basin, and review of a study of the effects of the proposed Jordanelle Reservoir on seepage to underground mines, Bonneville unit of the central Utah project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-514, iii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91514.","productDescription":"iii, 111 p.","numberOfPages":"116","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18156.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":46836,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0514/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0514/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Provo River drainage basin, proposed Jordanelle Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.661,\n              40.196\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.875,\n              40.196\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.875,\n              40.754\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.661,\n              40.754\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.661,\n              40.196\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freethey, G. W.","contributorId":105714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"G. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, D. D.","contributorId":12868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pyper, G. E.","contributorId":35337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyper","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29561,"text":"wri914040 - 1991 - The computer program estimate trend (ESTREND), a system for the detection of trends in water-quality data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri914040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4040","title":"The computer program estimate trend (ESTREND), a system for the detection of trends in water-quality data","docAbstract":"Computerized statistical and graphical procedures were developed for use in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigations of trend in stream water-quality data. These procedures, identified as EStimate TREND (ESTREND), are described in this paper to assist USGS investigators involved in multiple-station studies of water-quality trends. Additional discussion focuses on certain statistical and operational decisions required in multiple-station analysis of trends. The statistical methods used in ESTREND overcome common statistical problems encountered by conventional statistical trend techniques in the analysis of water-quality data. The problems include data that are non-normal and seasonally varying and water-quality records with missing values, 'less-than' (censored) values, and outliers, all of which adversely affect the performance of conventional statistical techniques. Parametric and nonparametric statistical trend tests are used in ESTREND. A nonparametric method, the Seasonal Kendall test, is used for data that have few less-than values or data that have been censored at only one reporting limit. A parametric test for trend involving a maximum likelihood estimation method is used for data that have been censored at multiple reporting limits. The Seasonal Kendall test for uncensored data allows for the removal of flow variability in water-quality data which improves the performance of the statistical trend tests. Menu-driven procedures in ESTREND allow the user to easily retrieve water-quality data, analyze data for trend, and view tabular and graphical results of analyses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914040","usgsCitation":"Schertz, T.L., Alexander, R.B., and Ohe, D.J., 1991, The computer program estimate trend (ESTREND), a system for the detection of trends in water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4040, v, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914040.","productDescription":"v, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2386,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohe, Dane J. djohe@usgs.gov","contributorId":5446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohe","given":"Dane","email":"djohe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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