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Parts of Bowie, Camp, Cass, Franklin, Henderson, Hopkins, Morris, Navarro, Rains, Titus, Van Zandt, and Wood Counties are included in this outcrop belt (Figure 1). This area forms the northwestern flank of the East Texas Basin (Figure 2), the axis of which separates northeast Texas from the Sabine uplift structural area. The Wilcox Group dips south and southeast at 2° or less toward the axis of the East Texas Basin, with the exception of local salt-dome structures and a transcurrent structural high that extends from Monticello to Martin Lake (Figure 1).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., SanFilipo, J., Nichols, D.J., and Swanson, S.M., 2011, Paleocene coal deposits of the Wilcox Group, Northeast Texas, chap. 7 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 128-141.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-020034","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726438,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726439,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources 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jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, Sharon M. 0000-0002-4235-1736 smswanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-1736","contributorId":590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Sharon","email":"smswanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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,{"id":70192705,"text":"70192705 - 2011 - Upper Cretaceous bituminous coal deposits of the Olmos Formation, Maverick County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:27:30.185583","indexId":"70192705","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"13","title":"Upper Cretaceous bituminous coal deposits of the Olmos Formation, Maverick County, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the bituminous coal deposits of the Olmos Formation (Navarro Group, Upper Cretaceous; Figures 1, 2) of Maverick County in south Texas. Although these were not evaluated quantitatively as part of the current Gulf Coastal Plain coal-resource assessment, a detailed review is presented in this chapter.</p><p>Prior to the late 1920s, these coal beds were mined underground on a large scale in the vicinity of Eagle Pass, Texas (Figure 1). Since the 1970s, Olmos Formation coals have been mined extensively in both underground and surface mines in nearby Coahuila, Mexico, to supply mine-mouth fuel for power generation at a plant nearby. A tract northeast of Eagle Pass was permitted in the late 1990s for surface mining. In east-central Maverick County, a coalbed methane field is being developed in coal beds of the lower part of the Olmos Formation (Barker et al., 2002; Scott, 2003).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., and SanFilipo, J., 2011, Upper Cretaceous bituminous coal deposits of the Olmos Formation, Maverick County, Texas, chap. 13 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 277-285.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"285","ipdsId":"IP-020061","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350926,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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,{"id":70192711,"text":"70192711 - 2011 - Eocene Yegua Formation (Claiborne group) and Jackson group lignite deposits of Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:32:25.331881","indexId":"70192711","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"14","title":"Eocene Yegua Formation (Claiborne group) and Jackson group lignite deposits of Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The lignite deposits within the upper Eocene Yegua Formation (Claiborne Group) and the overlying Jackson Group are among the coal resources that were not quantitatively assessed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Coal Resource Assessment (NCRA) program in the Gulf Coastal Plain coal province. In the past, these lignite-bearing stratigraphic units often have been evaluated together because of their geographic and stratigraphic proximity (Fisher, 1963; Kaiser, 1974; Kaiser et al., 1980; Jackson and Garner, 1982; Kaiser, 1996) (Figures 1, 2). The term “Yegua-Jackson trend“ is used informally herein for the lignite-bearing outcrops of these Late Eocene deposits in Texas. Lignite beds in the Yegua-Jackson trend generally are higher both in ash yield and sulfur content than those of the underlying Wilcox Group (Figure&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-reveal link-table xref-fig\" data-open=\"ch14fig2\">2</a><span>). Recent studies (Senkayi et al., 1987; Ruppert et al., 1994; Warwick et al., 1996, 1997) have shown that some lignite beds within the Yegua-Jackson trend contain partings of volcanic ash and host elevated levels of trace elements that have been identified as potentially hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the United States Clean Air Amendments of 1990. Lignite beds within the Yegua Formation are thin (less than or equal to 6 ft) and laterally discontinuous in comparison with most Wilcox Group deposits (Ayers, 1989a); in contrast, the Jackson Group lignite beds range up to 12 ft in total thickness and are relatively continuous laterally, extending nearly 32 mi along strike.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., Swanson, S.M., and Hackley, P.C., 2011, Eocene Yegua Formation (Claiborne group) and Jackson group lignite deposits of Texas, chap. 14 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 286-297.","productDescription":"12 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W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Sharon M. 0000-0002-4235-1736 smswanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-1736","contributorId":590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Sharon","email":"smswanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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,{"id":70192679,"text":"70192679 - 2011 - Paleocene coal deposits of the Wilcox group, central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:16:30.22818","indexId":"70192679","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"9","title":"Paleocene coal deposits of the Wilcox group, central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Coal deposits in the Wilcox Group of central Texas have been regarded as the richest coal resources in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Although minable coal beds appear to be less numerous and generally higher in sulfur content (1 percent average, as-received basis; table 1) than Wilcox coal deposits in the Northeast Texas and Louisiana Sabine assessment areas (0.5 and 0.6 percent sulfur, respectively; table 1), net coal thickness in coal zones in central Texas is up to 32 ft thick and more persistent along strike (up to 15 mi) at or near the surface than coals of any other Gulf Coast assessment area. The rank of the coal beds in central Texas is generally lignite (table 1), but some coal ranks as great as subbituminous C have been reported (Mukhopadhyay, 1989). The outcrop of the Wilcox Group in central Texas strikes northeast, extends for approximately 140 mi between the Trinity and Colorado Rivers, and covers parts of Bastrop, Falls, Freestone, Lee, Leon, Limestone, Milam, Navarro, Robertson, and Williamson Counties (Figure 1). Three formations, in ascending order, the Hooper, Simsboro, and Calvert Bluff, are recognized in central Texas (Figure 2). The Wilcox Group is underlain conformably by the Midway Group, a mudstone-dominated marine sequence, and is overlain and scoured locally by the Carrizo Sand, a fluvial unit at the base of the Claiborne Group.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., SanFilipo, J., Schultz, A.C., Nichols, D.J., and Swanson, S.M., 2011, Paleocene coal deposits of the Wilcox group, central Texas, chap. 9 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 179-191.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"191","ipdsId":"IP-020038","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726446,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726447,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultz, Adam C.","contributorId":82752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swanson, Sharon M. 0000-0002-4235-1736 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,{"id":70192767,"text":"70192767 - 2011 - Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene through Eocene), central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:46:06.73634","indexId":"70192767","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"10","title":"Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene through Eocene), central Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Wilcox Group of central Texas contains shallow (less than 500 ft) coal deposits that are mined for use in mine-mouth electric power generating plants. These coal deposits range in apparent rank from lignite to sub-bituminous (Pierce et al., 2011) and are similar in rank and composition to shallow coal deposits in the northeast and south Texas areas (Figure 1). The coal zones and associated strata in the central Texas assessment area generally dip to the southeast toward the Gulf of Mexico coastline and basin center. The central Texas resource assessment area includes parts of eight counties (Figure 2). The assessment area was selected to encompass current mining areas and areas with available subsurface stratigraphic data. The assessment area is roughly 160 miles long and 5 to 25 miles wide and generally follows the outcrop of the Paleocene to Eocene Wilcox Group in central Texas (Figures 1, 2). Approximately 1800 subsurface stratigraphic records from rotary and core drill holes were used to assess the resources of the central Texas assessment area. Of the 1800 drill holes, only 167 are public data points and are primarily located in the areas that have been permitted for surface mining (Figure 2; Appendix 1). The remaining 1632 drill holes, which are distributed throughout the assessment area, were provided to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on a confidential basis by various coal companies for use in regional studies.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Aubourg, C.E., Suitt, S.E., Podwysocki, S.M., and Schultz, A.C., 2011, Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene through Eocene), central Texas, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 192-259.","productDescription":"68 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"259","ipdsId":"IP-020041","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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,{"id":70192773,"text":"70192773 - 2011 - Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene-Eocene), northeast Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:54:42.754696","indexId":"70192773","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"8","title":"Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene-Eocene), northeast Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Wilcox Group of northeast Texas contains shallow (less than 500 ft) coal deposits that are mined for use in mine-mouth electric power generating plants. The coal deposits, which are lignite in apparent rank (Pierce et al., 2011), are separated from similar shallow coal deposits in the Sabine uplift area by the East Texas Basin (Figure 1). The coal zones and associated strata in the northeast assessment area generally dip to the south and southeast at 28 or less toward the axis of the East Texas Basin. The northeast Texas resource assessment area includes parts of nine counties (Figure 2).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Aubourg, C.E., Podwysocki, S.M., and Schultz, A.C., 2011, Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene-Eocene), northeast Texas, chap. 8 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 142-178.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"178","ipdsId":"IP-020035","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70035841,"text":"70035841 - 2011 - Geologic framework influences on the geomorphology of an anthropogenically modified barrier island: Assessment of dune/beach changes at Fire Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T18:52:39.572504","indexId":"70035841","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework influences on the geomorphology of an anthropogenically modified barrier island: Assessment of dune/beach changes at Fire Island, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>Antecedent geology plays a crucial role in determining the inner-shelf, nearshore, and onshore geomorphology observed in coastal systems. However, the influence of the geologic framework on a system is difficult to extract when evaluating responses to changes due to storms and anthropogenic modifications, and few studies have quantified the potential for these influences in dune/beach environments. This study evaluates topographic change to the dune/beach system at Fire Island, New York over a ten year period (1998-2008) at two sites representing eastern and western reaches of the island where morphology has been shown to vary. The sites are situated along swaths of coast eroding differentially and where the inner shelf geologic framework differs substantially. Fewer large storms occurred in the first half of the study period, compared with the later part of the study period which includes several severe and prolonged extratropical storms. Additionally, a major beach replenishment project was conducted at one of the study sites. Topographic data from LiDAR and RTK GPS surveys are used to construct high-resolution 3D surfaces, which are used to determine volumetric change and to extract 2D alongshore features and profiles for analysis. The study sites help to further characterize morphologic differences between eastern and western reaches of the island. The western site displays higher sand volumes, lower dunes, and a lower gradient profile slope when compared with the eastern site. In addition to these fundamental morphologic differences, the two sites also differ significantly in their response to coastal storms and in the fact that their replenishment histories are different. The replenished areas show reduced vulnerability to storms through minimal volume loss and shoreline accretion that should be considered when evaluating the response of replenished areas to episodic events. We propose that site-specific differences evident throughout the study period can be linked to alongshore variations in the framework geology of the system. Anthropogenic modifications may have intensified differences already inherent in the system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.032","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Lentz, E.E., and Hapke, C., 2011, Geologic framework influences on the geomorphology of an anthropogenically modified barrier island: Assessment of dune/beach changes at Fire Island, New York: Geomorphology, v. 126, no. 1-2, p. 82-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.032.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"96","ipdsId":"IP-018439","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216468,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.032"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.24722290039062,\n              40.66813955408042\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.21563720703125,\n              40.61082491956405\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.83798217773438,\n              40.71707851579789\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.88604736328125,\n              40.76702162667872\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.24722290039062,\n              40.66813955408042\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a196ae4b0c8380cd5599e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lentz, Erika E. 0000-0002-0621-8954 elentz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-8954","contributorId":173964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lentz","given":"Erika","email":"elentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":139949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176226,"text":"70176226 - 2011 - A review of lignite resources of western Tennessee and the Jackson Purchase area, western Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-19T13:43:28.788914","indexId":"70176226","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"18","title":"A review of lignite resources of western Tennessee and the Jackson Purchase area, western Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>This review of the lignite deposits of western Tennessee and the Jackson Purchase area in western Kentucky (Figure 1) is an updated report on part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Resource Assessment of the Gulf Coastal Plain Coal Province (see Ruppert et al., 2002; Hackley et al., 2006; Dennen, 2009; and other chapters of this publication). Lignite deposits of western Kentucky and Tennessee are an extension of the Gulf Coastal Plain Coal Province (Cushing et al., 1964), and currently are not economic to mine. These deposits have not been extensively investigated or developed as an energy resource. This review includes a description of the geology of the lignite-bearing units, a discussion of the available coal quality data, and information on organic petrology. Palynological data for lignite samples collected in Kentucky and Tennessee as part of this work are presented in Table 1. Lignite trace element data originally presented in Hackley et al. (2006) are not included in this report due to potential laboratory quality control issues during the time the samples were analyzed (U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program, 2010).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Warwick, P.D., Thomas, R.E., and Nichols, D.J., 2011, A review of lignite resources of western Tennessee and the Jackson Purchase area, western Kentucky, chap. 18 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 326-347.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"347","ipdsId":"IP-020072","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726481,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726482,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Roger E.","contributorId":87899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70192687,"text":"70192687 - 2011 - Wilcox group (Paleocene to Eocene) coals of the Sabine Uplift area, Texas and Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:20:39.315301","indexId":"70192687","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"5","title":"Wilcox group (Paleocene to Eocene) coals of the Sabine Uplift area, Texas and Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>The Wilcox Group (Paleocene to Eocene) of the Sabine uplift, a structural arch in northeastern Texas and northwestern Louisiana (Figure 1), has lignite zones that approach subbituminous rank (see Chapter 4, this publication). These coals are among the highest quality resources known within the Gulf Coastal Plain because of their low ash yield and sulfur content. The surface expression of the Sabine uplift is defined by the contact between coal-bearing rocks of the Wilcox Group and overlying fluvial rocks of the Carrizo Sand, which is the basal unit of the Claiborne Group (Figures 2, 3). The Sabine uplift study area includes parts of Harrison, Marion, Nacogdoches, Panola, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, and Shelby Counties in Texas and Bossier, Caddo, De Soto, Natchitoches, Red River, and Sabine Parishes in Louisiana (Figure 1). Adjacent counties and parishes that include the subsurface Wilcox Group extend the regional Sabine uplift area. The Wilcox in the subsurface is underlain by the Midway Group (Figure 3), a mudstone-dominated marine sequence of Paleocene age. Quaternary alluvium and terrace deposits overlying the Wilcox Group at the surface are limited to areas of modern drainage.</p><p>The total thickness of the Wilcox Group within the Sabine uplift area ranges from approximately 400 ft on outcrop to 2500 ft in subsurface (Kaiser, 1990). In a few places, the contact between the overlying Carrizo Sand and Wilcox Group is erosional, but in other places, the contact is gradational.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., and SanFilipo, J., 2011, Wilcox group (Paleocene to Eocene) coals of the Sabine Uplift area, Texas and Louisiana, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 95-108.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-020031","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1259/chapter/107079193/wilcox-group-paleocene-to-eocene-coals-of-the"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Sabine Uplift area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.140625,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7138671875,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7138671875,\n              33.687781758439364\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.140625,\n              33.687781758439364\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.140625,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743589e4b0a9a2e9e25ccf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726418,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726419,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726420,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192758,"text":"70192758 - 2011 - A review of Alabama lignite deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:40:49.370935","indexId":"70192758","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"16","title":"A review of Alabama lignite deposits","docAbstract":"<p class=\"indent\">This review of Alabama lignite deposits is a part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Coal Resource Assessment (NCRA) of the Gulf Coast region (see<span>&nbsp;</span>Ruppert et al., 2002;<span>&nbsp;</span>Dennen, 2009; and other chapters of this publication). Because lignite is not currently mined in Alabama, a detailed assessment of the state was not made, and only a review is presented in this chapter.</p><p class=\"indent\">Lignite beds are found in several stratigraphic horizons within the Paleocene Midway and Paleocene to Eocene Wilcox Groups in the Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama (Figure 1). There are three main near-surface (less than 250 ft of overburden) lignite deposits in Alabama. In the Midway Group, the Oak Hill lignite deposit occurs in the upper part of the Oak Hill Member of the Naheola Formation (Figure 2). In the Wilcox Group, the Gravel Creek and the Tuscahoma lignite deposits occur in the Coal Bluff Marl Member of the Nanafalia Formation and the Tuscahoma Sand Member of the Tuscahoma Sand Formation, respectively (Figure 2). The Gravel Creek lignite occurs in central and eastern Alabama, and the Oak Hill and Tuscahoma Sand lignites occur in southwest Alabama. Eighty-five percent of this lignite may be recoverable by surface mining methods (Tolson, 1985). The total amount of lignite reported as a reserve by the state is over 4.7 billion short tons (Self et al., 1978).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Aubourg, C.E., 2011, A review of Alabama lignite deposits, chap. 16 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 307-312.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"312","ipdsId":"IP-020066","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726465,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726466,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Aubourg, Claire E.","contributorId":87192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubourg","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192714,"text":"70192714 - 2011 - Paleogene coal deposits of the Wilcox group and the Indio formation of south Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:35:35.17473","indexId":"70192714","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"11","title":"Paleogene coal deposits of the Wilcox group and the Indio formation of south Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coal deposits of the undivided Wilcox Group and its southern equivalent Indio Formation (Paleogene) of south Texas are among the coal resources that are not evaluated quantitatively in the current Gulf Coastal Plain coal re-source assessment. South Texas Wilcox and Indio coals have not been extensively mined, nor have they been mined commercially for at least the past 60 years. These coals constitute only about 1 percent of the demonstrated coal resources within the Texas Gulf Coastal Province. In contrast to the Wilcox coal resources of the assessed areas of the Sabine uplift of Texas and Louisiana, and of northeast Texas and central Texas (see Warwick et al., 2011a, b, c), Wilcox and Indio coal beds of south Texas are few in number, each generally less than 5 ft thick, and highly discontinuous. Furthermore, analytical data indicate that the sulfur content and ash yields of south Texas Wilcox and Indio coals generally exceed those of other Texas coals. Although these and other factors preclude the likely development of Wilcox or Indio coal resources in the near future, the comparatively elevated rank of these deposits has attracted recent interests related to coalbed methane production (SanFilipo, 1999; Warwick et al., 2002a, 2007b).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., SanFilipo, J., and Nichols, D.J., 2011, Paleogene coal deposits of the Wilcox group and the Indio formation of south Texas, chap. 11 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 260-268.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"268","ipdsId":"IP-020042","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350922,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/discovery14/data/001/001001/260_aapg-sp0010260.htm"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743588e4b0a9a2e9e25cc6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726449,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726450,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726451,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726452,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70192776,"text":"70192776 - 2011 - Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:59:35.529011","indexId":"70192776","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"2","title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"<p>The National Coal Resource Assessment (NCRA) team of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has assessed the quantity and quality of coal beds and zones that could be mined during the next 20 years or more. Geologic, geochemical, and resource information was collected and compiled for the five major coal-producing regions of the United States: the Appalachian Basin, Illinois Basin, Northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, Colorado Plateau, and the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain, (Gulf Coast) (Figure 1). In particular, the NCRA assessed coal-quality information and characterized environmentally significant trace elements, such as arsenic and mercury, that are defined in and administered by 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990). The results of various USGS coal assessment efforts may be found at: http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/coal/coal_assessments/index.html, and a summary of the results from all assessment areas can be found in Ruppert et al. (2002) and Dennen (2009).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Hook, R.W., and SanFilipo, J., 2011, Introduction, chap. 2 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 9-27.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-020021","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1259/chapter/107077702/introduction-coal-geology-mining-history-and"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4169921875,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4169921875,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743587e4b0a9a2e9e25cba","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726429,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726430,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036612,"text":"70036612 - 2011 - A buoyant plume adjacent to a headland-Observations of the Elwha River plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T18:14:42.641153","indexId":"70036612","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A buoyant plume adjacent to a headland-Observations of the Elwha River plume","docAbstract":"<p><span>Small rivers commonly discharge into coastal settings with topographic complexities – such as headlands and islands – but these settings are underrepresented in river plume studies compared to more simplified, straight coasts. The Elwha River provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of coastal topography on a buoyant plume, because it discharges into the Strait of Juan de Fuca on the western side of its deltaic headland. Here we show that this headland induces flow separation and transient eddies in the tidally dominated currents (O(100</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm/s)), consistent with other headlands in oscillatory flow. These flow conditions are observed to strongly influence the buoyant river plume, as predicted by the “small-scale” or “narrow” dynamical classification using&nbsp;</span><a class=\"workspace-trigger\" name=\"bbib11\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434310003584?via%3Dihub#bib11\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434310003584?via%3Dihub#bib11\">Garvine's (1995)</a><span>&nbsp;system. Because of the transient eddies and the location of the river mouth on the headland, flow immediately offshore of the river mouth is directed eastward twice as frequently as it is westward. This results in a buoyant plume that is much more frequently “bent over” toward the east than the west. During bent over plume conditions, the plume was attached to the eastern shoreline while having a distinct, cuspate front along its westernmost boundary. The location of the front was found to be related to the magnitude and direction of local flow during the preceding O(1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>h), and increases in alongshore flow resulted in deeper freshwater mixing, stronger baroclinic anomalies, and stronger hugging of the coast. During bent over plume conditions, we observed significant convergence of river plume water toward the frontal boundary within 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km of the river mouth. These results show how coastal topography can strongly influence buoyant plume behavior, and they should assist with understanding of initial coastal sediment dispersal pathways from the Elwha River during a pending dam removal project.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J.A., and Stevens, A.W., 2011, A buoyant plume adjacent to a headland-Observations of the Elwha River plume: Continental Shelf Research, v. 31, no. 2, p. 85-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"97","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.68957519531251,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.24462890625,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.24462890625,\n              48.188063481211415\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.68957519531251,\n              48.188063481211415\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.68957519531251,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e333e4b0c8380cd45e98","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.11.007","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Warrick Jonathan A., Stevens Andrew W.","journalName":"Continental Shelf Research","publicationDate":"2/2011"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":167736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W. 0000-0003-2334-129X astevens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-129X","contributorId":139313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew","email":"astevens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70192780,"text":"70192780 - 2011 - Bibliography of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain coal geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T17:04:19.730078","indexId":"70192780","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"19","title":"Bibliography of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain coal geology","docAbstract":"<p>Unlike scientific literature pertaining to most other coal-bearing regions in the conterminous United States, this bibliography on the coal geology of the Gulf Coastal Plain is dominated by work from the late 20th century. Although coals of this region were mined commercially in the late 1800s and early 1900s, they were eclipsed by the production and use of oil and gas in the middle 1920s and were not mined again as a significant fuel source until the 1970s. As a result, the literature consists mainly of a relatively small number of pre-1920 contributions in state and federal reports, followed by a plethora of technical papers, symposia proceedings, field guides, theses, dissertations, and abstracts over the past 40 years.</p><p>The purpose of this chapter is to record the present work used by U.S. Geological Survey personnel preparing the Gulf Coast Coal Resource Assessment and to furnish an introduction to the larger body of sedimentary, stratigraphic, paleontologic, geochemical, hydrologic, and mining literature that exists in the region. This bibliography is an update of an earlier compilation (Tewalt et al., 1990). Despite its length, it is not exhaustive. Nor is it restricted to papers that focus solely upon coals because an understanding of these coals is rooted in the general geologic literature of the Gulf Coastal Plain.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., Karlsen, A.W., and Tewalt, S.J., 2011, Bibliography of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain coal geology, chap. 19 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 348-389.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"389","ipdsId":"IP-020074","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/discovery14/data/001/001001/348_aapg-sp0010348.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4169921875,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4169921875,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743587e4b0a9a2e9e25cb8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726475,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726476,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726477,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tewalt, Susan J. stewalt@usgs.gov","contributorId":64270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"Susan","email":"stewalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":259,"text":"Energy Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726478,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander W.","contributorId":105382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tewalt, Susan J. stewalt@usgs.gov","contributorId":64270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"Susan","email":"stewalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":259,"text":"Energy Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003749,"text":"70003749 - 2011 - Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T14:56:58.941982","indexId":"70003749","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most of eastern North America receives elevated levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) that result from anthropogenic SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Atmospheric S deposition has acidified sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region; however, deposition has been declining since the 1970s, resulting in some recovery in previously acidified aquatic ecosystems. Accurate watershed S mass balances help to evaluate the extent to which atmospheric S deposition is retained within ecosystems, and whether internal cycling sources and biogeochemical processes may be affecting the rate of recovery from decreasing S atmospheric loads. This study evaluated S mass balances for 15 sites with watersheds in southeastern Canada and northeastern US for the period 1985 to 2002. These 15 sites included nine in Canada (Turkey Lakes, ON; Harp Lake, ON; Plastic Lake, ON; Hermine, QC; Lake Laflamme, QC; Lake Clair, QC; Lake Tirasse, QC; Mersey, NS; Moosepit, NS) and six in the US (Arbutus Lake, NY; Biscuit Brook, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Cone Pond, NH; Bear Brook Watershed, ME). Annual S wet deposition inputs were derived from measured bulk or wet-only deposition and stream export was obtained by combining drainage water fluxes with SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;concentrations. Dry deposition has the greatest uncertainty of any of the mass flux calculations necessary to develop accurate watershed balances, and here we developed a new method to calculate this quantity. We utilized historical information from both the US National Emissions Inventory and the US (CASTNET) and the Canadian (CAPMoN) dry deposition networks to develop a formulation that predicted SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations as a function of SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions, latitude and longitude. The SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations were used to predict dry deposition using relationships between concentrations and deposition flux derived from the CASTNET or CAPMoN networks. For the year 2002, we compared the SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations and deposition predictions with the predictions of two continental-scale air quality models, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System (AURAMS) that utilize complete inventories of emissions and chemical budgets. The results of this comparison indicated that the predictive relationship provides an accurate representation of SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations and S deposition for the region that is generally consistent with these models, and thus provides confidence that our approach could be used to develop accurate watershed S budgets for these 15 sites. Most watersheds showed large net losses of SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;on an annual basis, and the watershed mass balances were grouped into five categories based on the relative value of mean annual net losses or net gains. The net annual fluxes of SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;showed a strong relationship with hydrology; the largest net annual negative fluxes were associated with years of greatest precipitation amount and highest discharge. The important role of catchment hydrology on S budgets suggests implications for future predicted climate change as it affects patterns of precipitation and drought. The sensitivity of S budgets is likely to be greatest in watersheds with the greatest wetland area, which are particularly sensitive to drying and wetting cycles. A small number of the watersheds in this analysis were shown to have substantial S sources from mineral weathering, but most showed evidence of an internal source of SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>, which is likely from the mineralization of organic S stored from decades of increased S deposition. Mobilization of this internal S appears to contribute about 1–6&nbsp;kg&nbsp;S&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;to stream fluxes at these sites and is affecting the rate and extent of recovery from acidification as S deposition rates have declined in recent years. This internal S source should be considered when developing critical deposition loads that will promote ecosystem recovery from acidification and the depletion of nutrient cations in the northeastern US and southeastern Canada.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M.J., Lovett, G., Bailey, S., Beall, F., Burns, D., Buso, D., Clair, T.A., Courchesne, F., Duchesne, L., Eimers, C., Fernandez, I., Houle, D., Jeffries, D.S., Likens, G.E., Moran, M.D., Rogers, C., Schwede, D., Shanley, J., Weathers, K.C., and Vet, R., 2011, Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications: Biogeochemistry, v. 103, no. 1-3, p. 181-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              41.83682786072714\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              40.17887331434696\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5751953125,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.4326171875,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0703125,\n              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Fred","contributorId":45444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beall","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, Doug","contributorId":46677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buso, Don","contributorId":27989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clair, Thomas A.","contributorId":83254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clair","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Courchesne, Francois","contributorId":107414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courchesne","given":"Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Duchesne, Louis","contributorId":20460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duchesne","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Eimers, Cathy","contributorId":72921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fernandez, Ivan","contributorId":26423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Houle, Daniel","contributorId":53935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houle","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Jeffries, Dean S.","contributorId":50281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffries","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Likens, Gene E.","contributorId":56363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Moran, Michael D.","contributorId":55141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rogers, Christopher","contributorId":59549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schwede, Donna","contributorId":35059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwede","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Shanley, Jamie","contributorId":72922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen C.","contributorId":58731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Vet, Robert","contributorId":34643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vet","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":70035891,"text":"70035891 - 2011 - Remote sensing of vegetation pattern and condition to monitor changes in everglades biogeochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T20:40:46.465391","indexId":"70035891","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing of vegetation pattern and condition to monitor changes in everglades biogeochemistry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ground-based studies of biogeochemistry and vegetation patterning yield process understanding, but the amount of information gained by ground-based studies can be greatly enhanced by efficient, synoptic, and temporally resolute monitoring afforded by remote sensing. The variety of presently available Everglades vegetation maps reflects both the wide range of application requirements and the need to balance cost and capability. More effort needs to be applied to documenting and understanding vegetation distribution and condition as indicators of biogeochemistry and contamination. Ground-based and remote sensing studies should be modified to maximize their synergy and utility for adaptive management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.530924","issn":"10643389","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., 2011, Remote sensing of vegetation pattern and condition to monitor changes in everglades biogeochemistry: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 64-91, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.530924.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.530924"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.73278808593749,\n              26.03210611734895\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.3922119140625,\n              25.76526690492097\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.199951171875,\n              25.3688458240828\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.221923828125,\n              25.175116531621764\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9967041015625,\n              25.06569718553588\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.562744140625,\n              25.17014505150313\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.39794921875,\n              25.37380917154398\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4034423828125,\n              26.07652055985697\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.145263671875,\n              26.391869671769022\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.233154296875,\n              26.701452590314368\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4638671875,\n              26.745610382199022\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.540771484375,\n              26.49024045886963\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8319091796875,\n              26.539394329017032\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.024169921875,\n              26.500072915744372\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1395263671875,\n              26.318036522949075\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5185546875,\n              26.298339726417737\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73278808593749,\n              26.03210611734895\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa70ce4b0c8380cd851c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192785,"text":"70192785 - 2011 - Front matter: Preface, acknowledgements, table of contents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T14:57:48","indexId":"70192785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"62","title":"Front matter: Preface, acknowledgements, table of contents","docAbstract":"This volume is the fifth in a series of reports by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on the assessment of the quantity\nand quality of the nation’s coal deposits that potentially could be mined during the next few decades. For eight\nyears (1995-2003), geologic, geochemical, and resource information was collected and compiled for the five major\ncoal-producing regions of the United States: the Appalachian Basin, Illinois Basin, Northern Rocky Mountains and\nGreat Plains, Colorado Plateau, and the western part of the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain (Gulf Coast) region. The\nresults of these other USGS coal assessments may be found at: http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/coal/coal_assessments/\nindex.html and a summary of the results from all assessment areas can be found in Ruppert et al. (2002) and Dennen\n(2009). This volume contains the assessment results for the Gulf Coast region. The contents of this volume were\ncompiled mainly during the eight-year period mentioned above. However, every effort has been made to update the\nreferences and text to incorporate new work that has been completed since the original compilation period.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Discovery Series / Studies in Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology vol. 62","isbn":" 9781629810256","usgsCitation":"2011, Front matter: Preface, acknowledgements, table of contents, chap. <i>of</i> Discovery Series / Studies in Geology: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. i-ix.","productDescription":"ix p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"ix","ipdsId":"IP-020463","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1259/chapter/107077674/front-matter"}],"volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743586e4b0a9a2e9e25cb2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726413,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726414,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726415,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157576,"text":"70157576 - 2011 - Overview and status of the witchweed (striga asiatica) eradication program in the Carolinas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T15:55:54.374269","indexId":"70157576","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Overview and status of the witchweed (<i>Striga asiatica</i>) eradication program in the Carolinas","title":"Overview and status of the witchweed (striga asiatica) eradication program in the Carolinas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Witchweed [(</span><i>Striga asiatica</i><span>&nbsp;(L.) O. Kuntze)] is a parasitic weed from Asia and Africa that attaches to the roots of grasses and grass crops such as corn and sorghum. Witchweed was first detected in the western hemisphere in a corn field in Columbus County, North Carolina, in July, 1956. Since that time, a federal/state cooperative program has eliminated over 99% of the 432,000+ acres that have been found infested with witchweed in the eastern Carolinas. This chapter provides an overview of the USDA-Carolinas Witchweed Eradication Program, as well as the methods and procedures that have been employed to achieve this remarkable level of success.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive plant management issues and challenges in the United States: 2011 Overview","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/bk-2011-1073.ch006","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.D., Westbrooks, R.G., Eplee, R.E., and Tasker, A.V., 2011, Overview and status of the witchweed (striga asiatica) eradication program in the Carolinas, chap. <i>of</i> Invasive plant management issues and challenges in the United States: 2011 Overview, p. 51-68, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1073.ch006.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025303","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.95947265625,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.683349609375,\n              36.589068371399115\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.265625,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8369140625,\n              35.93354064249312\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.836669921875,\n              35.505400093441324\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.320068359375,\n              35.10193405724606\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.342041015625,\n              35.0120020431607\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.12255859375,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.375244140625,\n              34.687427949314845\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.891845703125,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.485595703125,\n              32.88881315761995\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.002197265625,\n              31.98944183792288\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.552001953125,\n              32.80574473290688\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.98071289062499,\n              33.31216783738619\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.79394531249999,\n              33.687781758439364\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.926025390625,\n              33.8430453147447\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32177734375,\n              34.51560953848204\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.497802734375,\n              34.52466147177172\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.311279296875,\n              35.12889434101051\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.333251953125,\n              35.817813158696616\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.684814453125,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.95947265625,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64d9e4b058f706e536de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard D.","contributorId":148055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westbrooks, Randy G.","contributorId":147074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westbrooks","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eplee, Robert E.","contributorId":147075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eplee","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tasker, Alan V.","contributorId":147937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tasker","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156751,"text":"70156751 - 2011 - Fire in the Cape Region of South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T17:03:48.200503","indexId":"70156751","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Fire in the Cape Region of South Africa","docAbstract":"<p>South Africa's mediterranean-type climate (MTC) region is the smallest of the five MTC regions, centered in the southwestern corner of the Western Cape Province (Fig. 7.1). This Cape region is dominated by fynbos shrublands (see Fig. 1.6e) but this fynbos biome continues eastward far outside the MTC. The Cape region is unusual in that shrublands dominate under climate regimes that also support forests. Entire landscapes can support alternative ecosystem states. Even the semi-arid areas can support entirely different vegetation: fire-prone shrublands or fire-resistant broadleaf thickets. Perhaps more than any other MTC region, fire plays a central role in determining major vegetation patterns of winter rainfall regions of South Africa. Soils are also thought to be of major importance since much of the Cape's MTC region is on nutrient-poor sandy soils (see Fig. 1.5). A complex interplay between soils, fire and climate and, in the east, large mammal herbivory, determines boundaries of major biomes. The Cape Floristic Region is extremely rich in species with very high levels of endemism (Linder 2003). It is the world's richest temperate flora and is largely restricted to fire-prone ecosystems (Cowling<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">et al</span>. 1996; Linder 2003). So, contrary to the widely held popular belief that fires are an anthropogenic disturbance (e.g. Pillans 1924; Axelrod 1980), or merely incidental to this formation (Hopper 2009), a rich endemic flora has evolved in the Cape whose members are overwhelmingly fire dependent, implying a long history of natural fires as a selective force.</p><p><span class=\"bold\">Major Vegetation Patterns</span></p><p>This chapter discusses fire regimes in the Cape region, what little is known of their determinants, and how they influence major vegetation patterns in the region. Though a large number of studies have explored plant responses to fire (reviewed by Bond 1997; Cowling<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">et al</span>. 1997a), these are heavily biased toward fynbos shrublands, the dominant vegetation cover of the region (Fig. 7.2). Fire responses of species belonging to other vegetation types are poorly known. Yet the existence of these other vegetation types is one of the central conundrums of the Cape region. It implies failure of climate alone to explain apparent convergence with other MTC regions (Chapter 1). For example, low shrublands would be expected in deserts replaced, as rainfall progressively increases, by taller shrublands, woodlands and then forests. But this is clearly not the case in the Cape region. The dominant fynbos vegetation shows very little variation in aboveground biomass from arid desert fringes (mean annual precipitation ~250 mm) to rain-drenched high-altitude heathlands (&gt; 3000 mm) (Fig. 7.3). Yet across the entire rainfall gradient fynbos co-occurs with alternative ecosystems with much greater woody biomass. These broadleaf thickets and forests have an entirely different floristic and functional composition and often are restricted to isolated fire-protected refugia (Fig. 7.2; Taylor 1978; Kruger 1979; Cowling<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">et al</span>. 2005; Rebelo<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">et al</span>. 2006). The implication is that apparent convergence of shrubby fynbos growth forms with other MTC plant communities cannot be understood in terms of climate alone and that one needs to think in terms of the climate, fire, geology filter (see Fig. 1.4).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139033091.009","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R.A., Pausas, J.G., and Rundel, P.W., 2011, Fire in the Cape Region of South Africa, chap. 7 <i>of</i> Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management, p. 168-200, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139033091.009.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"200","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018785","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Cape region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              17.402343749999996,\n              -35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              23.642578125,\n              -35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              23.642578125,\n              -32.10118973232094\n            ],\n            [\n              17.402343749999996,\n              -32.10118973232094\n            ],\n            [\n              17.402343749999996,\n              -35.02999636902566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fede4b0824b2d1479ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradstock, Ross A.","contributorId":42826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradstock","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pausas, Juli G.","contributorId":91347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pausas","given":"Juli","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185074,"text":"70185074 - 2011 - Episodic growth of a Late Cretaceous and Paleogene intrusive complex of pegmatitic leucogranite, Ruby Mountains core complex, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T11:10:51","indexId":"70185074","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic growth of a Late Cretaceous and Paleogene intrusive complex of pegmatitic leucogranite, Ruby Mountains core complex, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gneissic pegmatitic leucogranite forms a dominant component (&gt;600 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>) of the midcrustal infrastructure of the Ruby Mountains–East Humboldt Range core complex (Nevada, USA), and was assembled and modified episodically into a batholithic volume by myriad small intrusions from ca. 92 to 29 Ma. This injection complex consists of deformed sheets and other bodies emplaced syntectonically into a stratigraphic framework of marble, calc-silicate rocks, quartzite, schist, and other granitoids. Bodies of pegmatitic granite coalesce around host-rock remnants, which preserve relict or ghost stratigraphy, thrusts, and fold nappes. Intrusion inflated but did not disrupt the host-rock structure. The pegmatitic granite increases proportionally downward from structurally high positions to the bottoms of 1-km-deep canyons where it constitutes 95%–100% of the rock. Zircon and monazite dated by U-Pb (sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe, SHRIMP) for this rock type cluster diffusely at ages near 92, 82(?), 69, 38, and 29 Ma, and indicate successive or rejuvenated igneous crystallization multiple times over long periods of the Late Cretaceous and the Paleogene. Initial partial melting of unexposed pelites may have generated granite forerunners, which were remobilized several times in partial melting events. Sources for the pegmatitic granite differed isotopically from sources of similar-aged interleaved equigranular granites. Dominant Late Cretaceous and fewer Paleogene ages recorded from some pegmatitic granite samples, and Paleogene-only ages from the two structurally deepest samples, together with varying zircon trace element contents, suggest several disparate ages of final emplacement or remobilization of various small bodies. Folded sills that merge with dikes that cut the same folds suggest that there may have been in situ partial remobilization. The pegmatitic granite intrusions represent prolonged and recurrent generation, assembly, and partial melting modification of a batholithic volume even while the regional tectonic environment varied dramatically from contractile thickening to extension and mafic underplating.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00668.1","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Wooden, J.L., Barnes, C., Premo, W.R., Snoke, A., and Lee, S., 2011, Episodic growth of a Late Cretaceous and Paleogene intrusive complex of pegmatitic leucogranite, Ruby Mountains core complex, Nevada, USA: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 5, p. 1220-1248, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00668.1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1220","endPage":"1248","ipdsId":"IP-026901","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00668.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.72998046875,\n              40.01499435375046\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02410888671875,\n              40.01499435375046\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02410888671875,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.72998046875,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.72998046875,\n              40.01499435375046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52cfe4b0849ce97c86ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, C. G.","contributorId":78819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Snoke, A.W.","contributorId":14899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lee, S.-Y.","contributorId":75669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70159146,"text":"70159146 - 2011 - Chapter 39 The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T16:34:22","indexId":"70159146","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 39 The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>In central Idaho, Neoproterozoic stratified rocks are engulfed by the Late Cretaceous Idaho batholith and by Eocene volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Challis event. Studied sections in the Gospel Peaks and Big Creek areas of west-central Idaho are in roof pendants of the Idaho batholith. A drill core section studied from near Challis, east-central Idaho, lies beneath the Challis Volcanic Group and is not exposed at the surface. Metamorphic and deformational overprinting, as well as widespread dismembering by the younger igneous rocks, conceals many primary details. Despite this, these rocks provide important links for regional correlations and have produced critical geochronological data for two Neoproterozoic glacial periods in the North American Cordillera. At the base of the section, the more than 700-m-thick Edwardsburg Formation (Fm.) contains interlayered diamictite and volcanic rocks. There are two diamictite-bearing members in the Edwardsburg Fm. that are closely related in time. Each of the diamictites is associated with intermediate composition tuff or flow rocks and the diamictites are separated by mafic volcanic rocks. SHRIMP U&ndash;Pb dating indicates that the lower diamictite is about 685&plusmn;7 Ma, whereas the upper diamictite is 684&plusmn;4 Ma. The diamictite units are part of a cycle of rocks from coarse clastic, to fine clastic, to carbonate rocks that, by correlation to better preserved sections, are thought to record an older Cryogenian glacial to interglacial period in the northern US Cordillera. The more than 75-m-thick diamictite of Daugherty Gulch is dated at 664&plusmn;6 Ma. This unit is preserved only in drill core and the palaeoenvironmental interpretation and local stratigraphic relations are non-unique. Thus, the date for this diamictite may provide a date for a newly recognized glaciogenic horizon or may be a minimum age for the diamictite in the Edwardsburg Fm. The c. 1000-m-thick Moores Lake Fm. is an amphibolite facies diamictite in which glacial features have not been observed. However, it is part of a sedimentary cycle from unsorted siliclastic deposits to mud and carbonate deposits. Using lithostratigraphy and available geochronology, the Moores Lake Fm. is correlated with a younger succession of Cryogenian glaciogenic rocks in southeastern Idaho. Traditional correlations of Neoproterozoic rocks in the Cordillera recognize two levels of Cryogenian diamictites. The Edwardsburg and Moores Lake diamictites along the middle Cordillera fit well into the scenario of two glacial events. Because of the correlations, dates that provide ages for the diamictites in central Idaho (and corroborated in southeastern Idaho, Link &amp; Fanning 2008) could constrain the age of correlated glaciogenic deposits elsewhere in the Cordillera. However, in the absence of dates for the glaciogenic diamictites in Canadian and southern US Cordilleran sections, the correlations are considered possible but uncertain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Lund, K., Evans, K.V., and Alienikoff, J.N., 2011, Chapter 39 The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 36, p. 437-448.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"448","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":309968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Central Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.98242187499999,\n              46.17983040759436\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.43359375,\n              46.10370875598026\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.02734374999999,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              43.78695837311561\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.96044921875,\n              44.18220395771566\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.20214843749999,\n              44.37098696297173\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.00439453125,\n              44.77793589631623\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.806640625,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.78466796875,\n              45.521743896993634\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.98242187499999,\n              46.17983040759436\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce57e4b06217fc478acd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Karl V. kvevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Karl","email":"kvevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":577700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alienikoff, John N.","contributorId":85078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alienikoff","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70136242,"text":"70136242 - 2011 - Status and distribution of the Kittlitz's Murrelet <i>Brachyramphus brevirostris</i> along the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak and Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:19:22","indexId":"70136242","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and distribution of the Kittlitz's Murrelet <i>Brachyramphus brevirostris</i> along the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak and Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Kittlitz's Murrelet <i>Brachyramphus brevirostris</i> is adapted for life in glacial-marine ecosystems, being concentrated in the belt of glaciated fjords in the northern Gulf of Alaska from Glacier Bay to Cook Inlet. Most of the remaining birds are scattered along coasts of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, where they reside in protected bays and inlets, often in proximity to remnant glaciers or recently deglaciated landscapes. We summarize existing information on Kittlitz's Murrelet in this mainly unglaciated region, extending from Kodiak Island in the east to the Near Islands in the west. From recent surveys, we estimated that ~2400 Kittlitz's Murrelets were found in several large embayments along the Alaska Peninsula, where adjacent ice fields feed silt-laden water into the bays. On Kodiak Island, where only remnants of ice remain today, observations of Kittlitz's Murrelets at sea were uncommon. The species has been observed historically around the entire Kodiak Archipelago, however, and dozens of nest sites were found in recent years. We found Kittlitz's Murrelets at only a few islands in the Aleutian chain, notably those with long complex shorelines, high mountains and remnant glaciers. The largest population (~1600 birds) of Kittlitz's Murrelet outside the Gulf of Alaska was found at Unalaska Island, which also supports the greatest concentration of glacial ice in the Aleutian Islands. Significant populations were found at Atka (~1100 birds), Attu (~800) and Adak (~200) islands. Smaller numbers have been reported from Unimak, Umnak, Amlia, Kanaga, Tanaga, Kiska islands, and Agattu Island, where dozens of nest sites have been located in recent years. Most of those islands have not been thoroughly surveyed, and significant pockets of Kittlitz's Murrelets may yet be discovered. Our estimate of ~6000 Kittlitz's Murrelets along the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands is also likely to be conservative because of the survey protocols we employed (i.e. early seasonal timing of surveys, strip transects).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"African Seabird Group","usgsCitation":"Madison, E.N., Piatt, J.F., Arimitsu, M.L., Romano, M.D., van Pelt, T.I., Nelson, S.K., Williams, J.C., and DeGange, A.R., 2011, Status and distribution of the Kittlitz's Murrelet <i>Brachyramphus brevirostris</i> along the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak and Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 39, no. 1, p. 111-122.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028350","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -196.171875,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -196.171875,\n              59.489726035537075\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6328125,\n              59.489726035537075\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6328125,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -196.171875,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c62e4b08de9379b376a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madison, Erica N. emadison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"Erica","email":"emadison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, S. Kim","contributorId":86680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kim","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":126882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70192783,"text":"70192783 - 2011 - Executive summary - Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T17:12:12.859613","indexId":"70192783","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"1","title":"Executive summary - Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>The National Coal Resource Assessment (NCRA) project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has assessed the quantity and quality of the nation's coal deposits that potentially could be mined during the next few decades. For eight years, geologic, geochemical, and resource information was collected and compiled for the five major coal-producing regions of the United States: the Appalachian Basin, Illinois Basin, Northern Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, Colorado Plateau, and the western part of the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain (Gulf Coast) region (Figure 1). In particular, the NCRA assessed resource estimates, compiled coal-quality information, and characterized environmentally sensitive trace elements, such as arsenic and mercury, that are mentioned in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990). The results of the USGS coal assessment efforts may be found at: http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/coal/coal-assessments/index.html and a summary of the results from all assessment areas can be found in Ruppert et al. (2002) and Dennen (2009).</p><p>Detailed assessments of the major coal-producing areas for the Gulf Coast region along with reviews of the stratigraphy, coal quality, resources, and coalbed methane potential of the Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene coal deposits are presented in this report (Chapters 5-10).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., 2011, Executive summary - Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain, U.S.A., chap. 1 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 1-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-020018","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/discovery14/data/001/001001/1_aapg-sp0010001.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4169921875,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4169921875,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7236328125,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743586e4b0a9a2e9e25cb5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726395,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726396,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726397,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726398,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156748,"text":"70156748 - 2011 - Fire in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T17:06:36.632805","indexId":"70156748","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Fire in California","docAbstract":"<p>On the west coast of North America lies the state of California, USA (Fig. 5.1), the bulk of which is dominated by a mediterranean-type climate (MTC). Elevations range from sea level to over 4000 m. Mountain ranges are largely oriented north to south with a major valley between the coastal ranges and the interior Sierra Nevada range. In the rain shadow east of the interior mountain ranges the climate is more continental with much colder winters and increasing proportion of summer precipitation eastward. This easternmost part of the state has steppe climates in the northern portion and desert climates in the south. In Arizona and a few other parts of southwestern USA and northeastern Mexico are disjunct patches of sclerophyllous-leaved vegetation that closely resembles California MTC vegetation. These include evergreen shrublands, broadleaf woodlands and conifer forests and represent mediterranean-type vegetation (MTV) under non-MTCs. Further east at similar latitudes but under different climates are sclerophyll forests with many similarities to MTC conifer forests.</p><p>The California Floristic Province (Raven &amp; Axelrod 1978) essentially circumscribes the MTC vegetation of North America and extends across the latitudinal range of the state. On the western slopes of the major mountain ranges is a rich diversity of vegetation types that change along the elevational gradient. Ascending the coastal mountains the main vegetation types sort out along gradients of decreasing aridity in the following order: grasslands, semi-deciduous woody sage scrub, evergreen chaparral shrublands, oak woodlands and conifer forests. A similar pattern is evident on the west side of the interior Sierra Nevada except for the absence of sage scrub. These vegetation types exhibit marked differences in fire regime and tolerance to disturbance tied to the different patterns of fuel structure resulting from changes in dominant growth forms along the elevational gradient. Along this gradient there is an interaction between fires and aridity such that lower fire frequency is required to displace shrubland associations with grasslands and other herbaceous vegetation on xeric than on mesic landscapes (Keeley 2002b). Consequently there are complex local mosaics due to differences in aspect and fire history (see Fig. 1.6c).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139033091.007","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R.A., Pausas, J.G., and Rundel, P.W., 2011, Fire in California, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management, p. 113-149, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139033091.007.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018783","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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,{"id":70174866,"text":"70174866 - 2011 - Northwestern forested mountains: Chapter 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:43:13","indexId":"70174866","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NRS-80","title":"Northwestern forested mountains: Chapter 8","docAbstract":"<p>Th e Northwestern Forested Mountains are ecologically diverse and geographically widespread, encompassing the mountain ecosystems of central and northwestern North America (CEC 1997; Figure 2.2). Th e ecoregion description is adapted from CEC (1997). Geographically, they extend from the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada north through the Siskiyous, the east side of the Cascade Range, and then east of the Coast Ranges to interior Alaska. Climatically, the region is characterized by a transition from a moist, maritime climate in the northwest, to a continental and drier climate in the Rockies in the southeast. Orographically generated rainfall creates both rain shadows and wet belts, often in close proximity.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assessment of N deposition effects and empirical critical loads of N for ecoregions of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station","usgsCitation":"Bowman, W., Baron, J., Geiser, L., Fenn, M., and Lilleskov, E., 2011, Northwestern forested mountains: Chapter 8: General Technical Report NRS-80, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"88","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023453","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/38109"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578f4f2fe4b0ad6235cf0032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowman, W.D.","contributorId":41780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geiser, L.H.","contributorId":70260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiser","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fenn, M.E.","contributorId":68686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenn","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lilleskov, E.A.","contributorId":9139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilleskov","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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