{"pageNumber":"1873","pageRowStart":"46800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46830,"records":[{"id":1248,"text":"wsp149 - 1905 - Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T07:57:57","indexId":"wsp149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1905","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"149","title":"Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>The first preliminary list of deep borings in the United States was issued as Water-Supply Papers Nos. 57 and 61. The present publication includes all of the wells listed in these two papers, together with many additional borings, mostly of recent date. Messrs. M. L. Fuller and A. C. Veatch, of the eastern section of hydrology, and other geologists of the Survey have contributed many new data. Descriptions of borings published in reports issued since 1901 have been incorporated as far as practicable. All the entries are by counties. The wells and borings reported in the paper are all more than 400 feet in depth. The information concerning them has been obtained partly from replies to circular letters sent to all parts of the United States and partly from geological reports and other published sources. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining replies to the circulars, to lack of knowledge on the part of correspondents, and to the incompleteness of published records, doubtless there are borings which have not been reported. In regions of oil and gas wells, where borings are numerous, the individual wells can not be listed here, but representative wells are given. References to logs or records of the wells or extended descriptions of them are given in footnotes, and after the list of wells in each State there is added a list of the principal publications relating to deep borings in that State.</p><p>The bearing of the information given in the columns of the lists probably is apparent unless, perhaps, in the one headed \"Height to which the water rises.\" In this column an entry such as \"-45\" indicates that the water rises to within 45 feet of the surface; \"+45\" indicates that it is a flowing well and has sufficient head to raise the water 45 feet above the surface in an open pipe 45 feet or more in height. The yield in gallons per minute usually is estimated. Depths and diameters often have been reported from memory and different sources of publication sometimes give different figures. Most wells which are not stated to be \"for oil,\" \"for gas,\" \"brine,\" \"abandoned,\" etc., in the remarks column, or \"not any\" in the yield column, generally afford more or less water. Many of the gas and oil wells, active or abandoned, yield salt water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp149","usgsCitation":"Darton, N.H., 1905, Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States (2d ed. with additions.): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 149, 175 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp149.","productDescription":"175 p.","numberOfPages":"180","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26178,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0149/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","edition":"2d ed. with additions.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darton, Nelson Horatio","contributorId":78307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"Nelson","email":"","middleInitial":"Horatio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1900,"text":"wsp88 - 1903 - The Passaic Flood of 1902","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-05T17:02:59.544111","indexId":"wsp88","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1903","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88","title":"The Passaic Flood of 1902","docAbstract":"<p>Late in February and early in March, 1902, there occured upon the drainage basin of the Passaic River in northeastern New Jersey the most disastrous flood in the history of the region. Not only was the discharge the largest recorded, but the flood was the most destructive to life and property in the settlements ever known along the valley.</p><p>In the following pages it is proposed to outline the history of this flood, describe the conditions under which it occurred, give the estimated volume of its discharge, and indicate as well as possible the nature and extent of the damage resulting from it.</p><p>The data and information embodied in the following report were obtained by personal observation while the flood was in progress and after it had subsided and from various water companies, manufacturers, and residents of the flooded areas. Acknowledgments are especially due to Mr. J. II. Cook, of Paterson, engineer for the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures; to Mr. M. R. Sherred, engineer of the water department of the Newark board of public works; to Mr. R. M. Watson, of Wise &amp; Watson, engineers of Passaic; to Mr. C. C. Vermeule, from whose valuable report on the water supply of New Jersey much data have been taken regarding the physical condition of the watersheds, and to others whose help or suggestions have been of value.</p><p>As the region under discussion, though comparatively restricted, is an important one owing to its dense population and rapidly increasing industrial development, and as the physical and physiographie conditions governing high-water stages on the Passaic watershed are peculiar, it is deemed necessary for a full understanding of the present flood to describe briefly their most important, features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp88","usgsCitation":"Hollister, G.B., and Leighton, M.O., 1903, The Passaic Flood of 1902: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 88, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp88.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265968,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0088/report.pdf"},{"id":138424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0088/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Passaic 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,{"id":32891,"text":"pp17 - 1903 - Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-15T12:00:02","indexId":"pp17","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1903","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian","docAbstract":"<p>This report is based on field work of the season of 1897. It is designed mainly to furnish information in relation to the geologic structure and the prospects for underground waters. A general account will also be given of the surface waters and their present and prospective use for irrigation, etc. The region is the portion of Nebraska lying west of the one hundred and third meridian, comprising Sioux, Scotts Bluff, Banner, and Kimball counties, the western portions of Cheyenne and Boxbutte counties, and the central and western portion of Dawes County; in all, an area of 7,400 square miles, adjoined on the west by Wyoming, on the north by South Dakota, and on the south by Colorado. It lies on the Great Plains south of the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Scotts Bluff, Banner, and Cheyenne counties areas were&middot; examined in detail, but time did not permit more than a general reconnaissance of the adjoining regions. I was assisted by Mr. C. A. Fisher, who obtained the data for the greater part of Kimball and Boxbutte counties. &nbsp;For several months I was accompanied by Prof. E. H. Barbour, the acting State geologist of Nebraska, who did much to further the progress of the work.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp17","usgsCitation":"Darton, N.H., 1903, Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 17, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp17.","productDescription":"69 p.","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":60813,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0017/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Banner, Boxbutte, Cheyenne, Dawes, Kimball, Scotts Bluff, Sioux Counties","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              42.99661231842139\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.08447265624999,\n              40.98819156349393\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.974853515625,\n              40.9964840143779\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.908935546875,\n              42.99661231842139\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              42.99661231842139\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c8f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darton, N. H.","contributorId":71523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39522,"text":"pp18 - 1903 - Chemical composition of igneous rocks expressed by means of diagrams, with reference to rock classification on a quantitative chemico-mineralogical basis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T16:17:22.006411","indexId":"pp18","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1903","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"18","title":"Chemical composition of igneous rocks expressed by means of diagrams, with reference to rock classification on a quantitative chemico-mineralogical basis","docAbstract":"<p>The value of graphical methods for expressing relative quantities has been well established in all kinds of statistical exposition and discussion. Their use in conveying definite conceptions of relative quantities of chemical and mineral components of rocks is becoming more and more frequent, and the value of the results in some cases can not be overestimated. This is especially true when a series or group of rocks is being considered. The intricate variations in the amounts of numerous mineral components, or of chemical components, baffle most attempts to comprehend their interrelationships by simple contemplation or by study of the numbers in which they may be expressed. Many facts and relations are overlooked which arc readily observed when diagrams are used to represent numerical figures. Moreover, visual memory is sufficiently developed in most persons to enable them to carry in mind simple geometrical forms, where it does not permit them to recollect manifold assemblages of oft-repeated numbers. Mental impressions of simple diagrams are, therefore, more definite and lasting and enable the student to store up a much greater amount of quantitative data than he could otherwise acquire.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp18","usgsCitation":"Iddings, J.P., 1903, Chemical composition of igneous rocks expressed by means of diagrams, with reference to rock classification on a quantitative chemico-mineralogical basis: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 18, Report: 98 p.; 8 Plates: 39.16 x 18.07 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp18.","productDescription":"Report: 98 p.; 8 Plates: 39.16 x 18.07 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":496863,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-VII.pdf","text":"Plate VII","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496862,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-VI.pdf","text":"Plate VI","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496861,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-V.pdf","text":"Plate V","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496860,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-IV.pdf","text":"Plate IV","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496859,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-III.pdf","text":"Plate III","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496858,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-II.pdf","text":"Plate II","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496857,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-I.pdf","text":"Plate I","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496864,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/plate-VIII.pdf","text":"Plate VIII","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67129,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e41ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iddings, J. P.","contributorId":49031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iddings","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":221565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39518,"text":"pp13 - 1903 - Drainage modifications in southeastern Ohio and adjacent parts of West Virginia and Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T19:29:40.413774","indexId":"pp13","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1903","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Drainage modifications in southeastern Ohio and adjacent parts of West Virginia and Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>The field work upon which this paper is based was carried on intermittently for several years. During the season of 1899 the work in Washington County, Ohio, was conducted under the direction of the Ohio State Academy of Science, the expenses being covered by a grant from the Emerson McMillin special research fund. The field work of the season of 1900 was done under the direction of Dr. T. C. Chamberlin, chief of the Division of Pleistocene Geology of the United States Geological Survey, and to him the author is greatly indebted for many valuable suggestions in relation to the work, and for an extended correspondence concerning the interpretations, during the preparation of this report. The study of this particular region was the natural result of earlier studies of drainage modifications in Ohio, in the region more nearly adjacent to the glaciated area. Until a few years ago but very little systematic study of the drainage features of Ohio had been made. It is not intended at present to make a complete review of the early literature, but to refer only to such portions of it as bear directly on the problem in hand. On account of the lack of good maps of Ohio it has not been possible to make the maps which accompany this paper as accurate as might be desired. They have been constructed from various published maps and from personal observations in the field; and, while they are not strictly accurate, it is hoped that they will set forth the facts with reference to the drainage modifications with sufficient clearness to enable anyone to follow the features in the field, or to serve for purposes of correlation. The map of Flatwoods and Teays valleys has been constructed from four topographic sheets of the United States Geological Survey Ironton, Kenova, Huntington, and Charleston. The author is under obligations to Mr. H. M. Wilson, geographer of the Survey, for data furnished from the unpublished map of the Kenova quadrangle. The photographs illustrating the report were all taken by the author.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp13","usgsCitation":"Tight, W.G., 1903, Drainage modifications in southeastern Ohio and adjacent parts of West Virginia and Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 13, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp13.","productDescription":"111 p.","numberOfPages":"128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406260,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4142.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.75,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.75,\n              38.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.75,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75,\n              38.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635b9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tight, W. G.","contributorId":83591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tight","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":221560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58216,"text":"ar22_4 - 1902 - Twenty-second annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901: Part IV - Hydrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T10:06:27","indexId":"ar22_4","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1902","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":304,"text":"Annual Report","code":"AR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"22","title":"Twenty-second annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901: Part IV - Hydrography","docAbstract":"<p>I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript for a volume on hydrography, prepared for publication as Part IV of the Twenty-second Annual Report of the Survey. The data presented relate to the investigations carried on during the calendar year 1900. </p><p>The first part of the report discusses the results of measurements of streams in different parts of the United States, the facts being presented in diagrammatic form as well as by statistical tables. The arrangement adopted is that of preceding reports of this series, being a geographic order, beginning in the extreme northeastern part of the United States and ending in the southwestern portion. A number of papers, prepared independently, have been incorporated in this part of the report, with such modification as was necessary to bring them into accord with the general arrangement. </p><p>Following the report of stream measurements is a paper by Mr. Arthur Powell Davis, giving conclusions based upon his work while detailed to the Nicaraguan and Isthmian canal commissions. The original data have been incorporated in the reports of those bodies; but since this important investigation has been conducted by one of the members of the United States Geological Survey it is particularly appropriate that a brief recapitulation of the principal facts should appear in this volume. The resume here given contains the facts of chief interest to students of hydrography, thus rendering them available for consideration in connection with similar data obtained for the United States. </p><p>The last paper, \" The High Plains and their utilization,\" by Mr. Willard D. Johnson, is a continuation of that in the Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV, the completion of which was unfortunately interrupted. Although this break in the sequence involves some inconvenience for reference, it will not detract from the value of the material.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ar22_4","usgsCitation":"Walcott, C.D., 1902, Twenty-second annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901: Part IV - Hydrography: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 22, 690 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ar22_4.","productDescription":"690 p.","numberOfPages":"690","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332401,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/22_4/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623cb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walcott, Charles D.","contributorId":7738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walcott","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":34907,"text":"b204 - 1902 - Fossil Flora of the John Day Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:29","indexId":"b204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1902","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"204","title":"Fossil Flora of the John Day Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"For a number of years I have been gradually accumulating material for a thorough revision of the Tertiary floras of the Pacific slope. Fossil plants are known to occur at numerous points within this area, and their study and identification has already furnished valuable data bearing on the geological history of the region, and when still further exploited it is confidently expected that they will afford more exact data for the use of geologists. This investigation is progressing satisfactorily, and at no distant day it is hoped to have it in form for final publication.\r\n\r\nFrom time to time various members of the United States Geological Survey, as well as others not connected with this organization, have sent in small collections of fossil plants for determination. These have been studied and reported upon as fully as the condition of the problem permitted, so that the determinations could be immediately available to geologists, but with the reservation that none of the questions could be fully settled until all known material had been studied and properly correlated.\r\n\r\nThe rich fossil plant deposits in the John Day Basin, as set forth more fully in the historical account which follows, have been known for a period of nearly fifty years, but their study has been carried on in a more or less desultory manner. There has also been considerable confusion as to the horizons whence these plants came. As various species of plants described originally from the John Day region were detected in various other localities in Oregon, and in surrounding areas, as central Washington, western Idaho, and northern California, it became more than ever apparent that a thorough study of all material obtainable from this type area would be necessary before any definite or satisfactory conclusions could be reached.\r\n\r\nThe immediate incentive for this revision was furnished by the receipt of a considerable collection of plants, made by Dr. John C. Merriam in 1900 while he was in charge of an expedition into this region made under the auspices of the University of California.\r\n\r\nWhen these plants were submitted to me for study, it was thought possible to present their description, together with a revision of our knowledge of the previously known forms, within a space sufficiently small to permit the publication of the matter as an appendix to a paper on the general geology of the area, then in preparation by Dr. Merriam. But it soon became apparent that this could not be adequately done within the space available, and a short preliminary report was prepared for and published by Dr. Merriam. The results of a complete restudy of all available fossil plant material from the John Day Basin are now presented.\r\n\r\nI wish to record my great indebtedness to Dr. Merriam, who not only accompanied me at a considerable personal sacrifice on a trip through the region in 1901, but placed unreservedly at my disposal all material bearing in any way on the problem then in the paleontological museum of the University of California. To Dr. Arthur Hollick I am indebted for the loan of all material from the John Day region belonging to Columbia University, and now deposited in the New York Botanical Garden at Bronx Park. This material, together with the rich collections belonging to the United States National Museum, represents practically all now known to have come from the John Day Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b204","usgsCitation":"Knowlton, F.H., 1902, Fossil Flora of the John Day Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 204, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b204.","productDescription":"153 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":22148,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":12491,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/joda/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a9515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowlton, Frank Hall","contributorId":75982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowlton","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Hall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58188,"text":"ar21_7 - 1901 - Twenty-First Annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1899-1900: Part VII - Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T10:39:27","indexId":"ar21_7","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1901","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":304,"text":"Annual Report","code":"AR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Twenty-First Annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1899-1900: Part VII - Texas","docAbstract":"<p><i>Area treated.</i>—The Black and Grand prairies of Texas and southern Indian Territory comprise about 50,000 square miles (see Pl. LXV, in pocket)—an area equal to that of fifty of the quadrangles mapped and described by the United States Geological Survey in its Geologic Atlas of the United States. The accompanying general geologic map (Pl. LXVI, in pocket) is a condensed presentation of the geology usually shown on that number of atlas sheets as published in folio form. Most of these quadrangles have been studied by the writer and his former assistants.</p><p><i>Sources of data.</i>—An entirely satisfactory presentation of these results is still impossible by reason of the lack of adequate maps. The topographic maps of the United States Geological Survey, which cover 24 of the 50 units of area, were made in the earlier years of the Survey and with a contour interval insufficient for the expression of the geology. For the remaining portion of the area it was necessary to use as a base the Land Office maps of the State of Texas.</p><p>The conclusions herein presented, often condensed in a short paragraph, are founded upon a large amount of paleontologic, stratigraphic, and topographic data. The results, so far as they refer to the Black and Grand prairies, are the outcome of studies made by the writer since 1882, sometimes independently, sometimes with the assistance of the United States Geological Survey, and during two years in connection with the Texas Geological Survey. In times past he has been assisted in this work by his former students, C. C. McCulloch, now captain, U. S. A.; Messrs. Wilson T. Davidson and L. T. Dashiel; Mr. Joseph A. Taff, now of the United States Geological Survey; Dr. J. W. Stone, Mr. N. F. Drake, and Mr. G. H. Ragsdale. Inasmuch as the details which these gentlemem worked out were problems of the writer's suggestion, he has incorporated them into this paper, and here acknowledges indebtedness therefor. Upon the writer's retirement from the Texas Survey, Mr. Taff continued the work of mapping the region. He published two reports, which have been freely used and which have been of great assistance in the preparation of this paper.&nbsp;</p><p><i>Importance of paleontology.</i>—In addition to the collection of the data which appear in the text and illustrations, much paleontologic research has been necessary in order to classify the formations. Paleontology is the most reliable guide in determining the position of any bed in the geologic series with a view to ascertaining the depth, from any particular portion of the surface, of the underground waters in the Cretaceous regions of Texas. If a few species of fossils, such as can be found in any locality, be sent to one familiar with the sequence of the beds, he can predict within a few feet the depth below the surface of any particular water-bearing stratum in the series. It was a labor of years to disentangle the preexisting confusion concerning the occurrence and succession of these fossils and their bearings upon the determination and definition of the strata. Their further consideration has been left to Mr. T. W. Stanton, who, it is presumed, will make final publication of the descriptions and the scientific results.</p><p>This is not a final and complete report. Detailed field work is desirable in many localities. Chemical analyses of water and illustrations of typical scenery should be more complete, but these were not obtainable with the means and time at the writer's disposal. When appreciation of geologic investigation shall have been awakened in Texas and the region under discussion shall have been studied more closely by resident students, in the manner now common in other parts of the United States, the data here presented will be largely increased and refined, and the conclusions will doubtless be correspondingly amended and rectified.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/ar21_7","usgsCitation":"Walcott, C.D., 1901, Twenty-First Annual report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 1899-1900: Part VII - Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 21, Report: 666 p.; 7 Plates: 31.12 x 32.22 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ar21_7.","productDescription":"Report: 666 p.; 7 Plates: 31.12 x 32.22 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350239,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-67.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350240,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-68.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350241,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-69.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":350236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-65.pdf"},{"id":350238,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-66.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350242,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-70.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350243,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ar/21-7/plate-71.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Black and Grand Prairies","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              30\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walcott, Charles D.","contributorId":7738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walcott","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211850,"text":"70211850 - 1900 - Preliminary report on the Cape Nome gold region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T20:05:47.269728","indexId":"70211850","displayToPublicDate":"1900-01-01T15:04:58","publicationYear":"1900","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Preliminary report on the Cape Nome gold region, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The following report is based on a few weeks' examination of the recently discovered Nome gold-mining region, made by us in October, 1899. We collected such topographic and geologic data of this important region as the climatic conditions would permit and our limited time would allow, the trip to Nome being a hurried utilization of a delay while waiting for a steamer for Seattle after the completion of the regular field work in the Yukon Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/70211850","usgsCitation":"Schrader, F., and Brooks, A.H., 1900, Preliminary report on the Cape Nome gold region, Alaska, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70211850.","productDescription":"56 p.","numberOfPages":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70211850/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70211850/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cape Nome","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.4700927734375,\n              64.24459476798195\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.795166015625,\n              64.24459476798195\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.795166015625,\n              65.22449831043461\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.4700927734375,\n              65.22449831043461\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.4700927734375,\n              64.24459476798195\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Frank C.","contributorId":26979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Frank C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Alfred H.","contributorId":80325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2077,"text":"wsp30 - 1899 - Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T10:57:22","indexId":"wsp30","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1899","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>This material is a portion of the outcome of Dr. Lane's studies in connection with the geological survey of the State of Michigan, supplemented by statements received in reply to circulars sent throughout the Lower Peninsula of Michigan to well drillers and others likely to be well informed and interested in the subject. The facts thus gathered have been collated with the result of two months' field work during the autumn of 1897. The complete report has assumed such bulk that it has been found necessary to divide it into several parts. The first of these, containing the general conclusions, is herewith presented. The remaining data fall naturally into two classes, the first consisting of analyses of waters and the second of detailed descriptions of the supply at various localities visited.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp30","usgsCitation":"Lane, A.C., 1899, Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 30, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp30.","productDescription":"97 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27637,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0030/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lower Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": 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,{"id":58198,"text":"ar18_4 - 1897 - Eighteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1896-1897: Part IV - Hydrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T10:11:57","indexId":"ar18_4","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T07:45:00","publicationYear":"1897","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":304,"text":"Annual Report","code":"AR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"18","chapter":"4","title":"Eighteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1896-1897: Part IV - Hydrography","docAbstract":"<p>The completion of this volume marks the revival of extended systematic investigation of the hydrography of the United State. This book is, in effect, the ninth annual report of what has been known as the Irrigation Survey. Its preparation and publication has been made possible by the act of June 11, 1896 (Stat. L., vol. 29, p. 436), which enlarged the scope of the work and authorized the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources of arid and semiarid sections. For some years before this date the sums available for hydrographic work were so small that it was practicable merely to continue observations at previously established stations, compute discharges, and compile for publication the data accumulated in the office.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eighteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1896-1897","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ar18_4","usgsCitation":"Davis, A.P., Leverett, F., Darton, N.H., and Schuyler, J., 1897, Eighteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1896-1897: Part IV - Hydrography: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 18, x, 756 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ar18_4.","productDescription":"x, 756 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States\"}}]}","tableOfContents":"<p>Davis, A.P. Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1896 (Plates I-XXXII).....13</p>\n<p>Leverett, Frank. The water resources of Indiana and Ohio (Plates XXXIII-XXXVII).....419</p>\n<p>Darton, N.H. New developments in well boring and irrigation in South Dakota (Plate XXXVIII-XLVII).....561</p>\n<p>Schuyler, J .D. Water storage and construction of dams (Plates XLVIII-CII).....617</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ef55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Arthur Powell","contributorId":49334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"Powell","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leverett, Frank","contributorId":77512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leverett","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darton, N. H.","contributorId":71523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darton","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuyler, J.D.","contributorId":147598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuyler","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038967,"text":"70038967 - 1890 - Volume XIII: The tertiary insects of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T17:05:26","indexId":"70038967","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-15T14:36:40","publicationYear":"1890","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":371,"text":"Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"subseriesTitle":"U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories","title":"Volume XIII: The tertiary insects of North America","docAbstract":"<p>That creatures so minute and fragile as insects, creatures which can so feebly withstand the changing seasons as to live, so to speak, but a moment, are to be found fossil, engraved, as it were, upon the rocks or embedded in their hard mass, will never cease to be a surprise to those unfamiliar with the fact. \"So fragile,\" says Quinet, \"so easy to crush, you would readily believe the insect one of the latest beings produced by nature, one of those which has least resisted the action of time; that its type, its genera, its forms, must have been ground to powder a thousand times, annihilated by the revolutions of the globe, and perpetually thrown into the crucible. For where is its defense? Of what value its antennae, its shield, its wings of gauze, against the commotions and the tempests which change the surface of the earth? When the mountains themselves are overthrown and the seas uplifted, when the giants of structure, the mighty quadrupeds, change form and habit under the pressure of circumstances, will the insect withstand them? Is it it which will display most character in nature? Yes! The universe flings itself against a gnat. Where will it find refuge? In its very diminutiveness, its nothingness.\"</p>\n<p>The pages and plates of the present volume bear testimony to the fact that our tertiary strata have preserved remnants of an ancient host, so varied in structure, so closely also resembling their brethren of to-day, that nearly or quite every prevalent family-group in the entire range of the insect-world has already been demonstrated to have then existed. While often fragmentary and crushed, sometimes beyond recognition, a not insignificant number are sufficiently preserved for us to repopulate the past; sometimes, too, are they preserved in such a wonderful manner that in tiny creatures with a spread of wings scarcely more than a couple of millimeters one may count under the microscope the hairs fringing the wings.</p>\n<p>In attempting thus to restore the past world of our insects, two or three general features have been forced upon my attention, which may well be mentioned here. One of them is the rernarkable fact that in hardly a single instance has the same species been found at two distinct localities. These localities, it is true, are in some instances separated by hundreds or even thousands of miles, and analogy with the present distribution of insects would lead us to expect more or less profound changes in passing from one to another. But at other times the distance is not great, or at any rate not great enough to make this a satisfactory reason. It is more probable that the beds in which they occur are not altogether synchronous; and we are led to believe that in the separation of horizons insects will give more precise and definite distinctions than may be gained by the study of the plant remains of the same beds. The data at our disposal are not yet sufficiently varied to enable us to speak with any confidence, but when the other groups of Florissant insects, not considered in the present volume, are worked out, and the new material that is at hand from the other principal localities have been fairly studied, it may be found that we are armed with a new weapon of attack in solving the immediate succession of the Tertiary series of the West in their finer subdivisions.</p>\n<p>Another point to which attention may be drawn is the very considerable number and quite extraordinary proportion of species which so far are represented by a single specimen. Leaving out of consideration certain marvelously prevalent forms in the beds of Florissant, such as certain Formicidae, Alydina, etc., one working these beds, from which many thousands of insects have already been taken, may confidently expect that every third or fourth specimen will prove something new. A quite similar statement can be made of all, or all but one, of the other localities where insects have been found in our Tertiary deposits: it surely indicates that with all the rich results of the explorations so far undertaken we are only upon the threshold of our possible knowledge. We find a richness of fauna far exceeding anything before supposed possible.</p>\n<p>The interest of the Tertiary fauna is further enhanced by the discovery that no inconsiderable proportion of the species in this fauna must be referred to genera not now extant. Granted that our knowledge of the subtropical forms of this continent (with which as a whole at least our Florissant fauna seems to be akin) is much too meager to be of great service; granted also that in many cases we are forced to establish new genera upon what would be regarded among recent animals as too slender grounds : it is nevertheless true that an unexpectedly large number of forms can not be forced into modern genera already established; in many cases, throughout whole groups, kindred differences from modern types are found which indicate considerable changes of structure in the intervening epochs along parallel lines. In illustration of this we would call special attention to the differences observed in the genera of plant-lice, and, in several places among other Hemiptera as well as among the Coleoptera, to the decided differences in the relative length of various members of the body. My own belief, which springs from the comparisons instituted in the study of this fauna, is that a much larger proportion of genera should really have been founded, and that, for every type which may turn up in Central American explorations of the near future identical with those now established upon the fossils alone, it will be necessary to separate from the familiar surroundings in which I have placed it some other of the insects from the same beds.</p>\n<p>It should be stated that the larger part of the plates in this volume were engraved before the insects were studied, except in a cursory manner to separate the species; the insects are therefore not always properly grouped, and the legends upon the plates are in part inaccurate.</p>\n<p>In the enumeration of the specimens at the end of the specific descriptions the numbers of the obverse and reverse of the same specimen are always connected by \"and\" without any intervening comma, and this typographical method is employed only for expressing this relation.</p>\n<p>In the study of these extinct insects much assistance has been received from friends, to whom my cordial thanks are due; for valuable suggestions from the late Dr. J. L. LeConte, from Baron R. von Osten Sacken, Edward Burgess, Esq., and Drs. G. H. Horn and H. A. Hagen; for the open collections of the late G. D. Smith, Esq., and of Messrs. E. P. Austin and Samuel Henshaw; and for important aid in obtaining typical series of modern insects in various groups by Messrs. E. P. Austin, P. R. Uhler, E. P. Van Duzee, Edward Burgess, Dr. A. Forel, and most especially Mr. Samuel Henshaw.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70038967","usgsCitation":"Scudder, S., 1890, Volume XIII: The tertiary insects of North America: Monograph, 734 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038967.","productDescription":"734 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70038967.jpg"},{"id":312625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038967/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Colorado, Ontario, Utah, Wyoming","city":"Florissant, Fossil, Fort Kennedy, Quesnel, Scarboro","otherGeospatial":"Green River, Horse Creek, Lower White River, Nicola River, North Similkameen River, Nine Mile Creek, Tertiary Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              37.84015683604134\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              44.96479793033104\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              44.96479793033104\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.04052734375,\n              37.84015683604134\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              37.84015683604134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -130.0341796875,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.0341796875,\n              59.512029386502704\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5751953124998,\n              59.512029386502704\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5751953124998,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.0341796875,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.574462890625,\n              39.715638134796336\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.574462890625,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.608154296875,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.608154296875,\n              39.715638134796336\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.574462890625,\n              39.715638134796336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc361e4b08c986b32b12f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scudder, Samuel H.","contributorId":64082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"Samuel H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":35436,"text":"b32 - 1886 - Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States: A preliminary study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-12T08:09:48","indexId":"b32","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1886","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"32","title":"Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States: A preliminary study","docAbstract":"In attempting the collection of data for the statement of the commercial value of the mineral waters of the country for publication in the report on the Mineral Resources of the United States, 1883 and 1884, it was necessary as a prerequisite to have a list of the springs from which these waters are derived. An examination of the few general works on the subject very soon showed that all existing lists were incomplete. The tables given in this paper were therefore compiled, as the first step in the preparation of the mineral spring statistics of the. United States, They were omitted from the paper published in Mr. Williams's report, for want of space. Since the appearance of that report they have been revised and, with the addition of such analyses as could be obtained, prepared for publication as a bulletin of the Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b32","usgsCitation":"Peale, A.C., 1886, Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States: A preliminary study: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 32, 235 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b32.","productDescription":"235 p.","numberOfPages":"236","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":166611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":22714,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a391e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peale, Albert C.","contributorId":46150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peale","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039386,"text":"70039386 - 1885 - Tables of geographic positions, azimuths, and distances, together with lists of barometric altituudes, magnetic declinations, and itineraries of important routes, from data gathered by parties of the United States Geographical Surveys west of the 100th meridian, operating in the States and Territories of California, Colorado, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming, 1883","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T09:56:21","indexId":"70039386","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1885","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":371,"text":"Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"subseriesTitle":"U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian","title":"Tables of geographic positions, azimuths, and distances, together with lists of barometric altituudes, magnetic declinations, and itineraries of important routes, from data gathered by parties of the United States Geographical Surveys west of the 100th meridian, operating in the States and Territories of California, Colorado, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming, 1883","docAbstract":"Through the following tables there are presented, in accessible form, such portions of the more important numerical results of this Survey, from the year 1873 to 1879, inclusive, as it has been found neeessar, to compute <i>pari passu</i> with the plottings made from the field notes, together with such additional determinations as may have been required in the construction of the final atlas sheets. The speed with which results were demanded and produced during the years that field observations were in progress, and the subsequent paucity in office assistance, have rendered it impossible to exhaust the subject under any one of the headings found in the contents. Such results, however, as would seem to be of the greatest general interest and usefulness have been collected in this volume, which is submitted to take a place among the miscellaneous publications of the Survey, wherein its importance will correspond in a measure to the number of positions, elevations, distances, &c. (of which there are many), not hitherto in print.","language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039386","usgsCitation":"Macomb, M.M., and Wheeler, G., 1885, Tables of geographic positions, azimuths, and distances, together with lists of barometric altituudes, magnetic declinations, and itineraries of important routes, from data gathered by parties of the United States Geographical Surveys west of the 100th meridian, operating in the States and Territories of California, Colorado, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming, 1883: Monograph, 261 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039386.","productDescription":"261 p.","costCenters":[{"id":592,"text":"U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261534,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039386/report.pdf"},{"id":261535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039386/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Colorado;Idaho;Montana;Nebraska;Nevada;New Mexico;Oregon;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,25.833333333333332 ], [ -124.8,49 ], [ -100,49 ], [ -100,25.833333333333332 ], [ -124.8,25.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba39fe4b08c986b31fda1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macomb, Montgomery Meigs","contributorId":21402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macomb","given":"Montgomery","email":"","middleInitial":"Meigs","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wheeler, George Montague","contributorId":35579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"George Montague","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039256,"text":"70039256 - 1878 - Report upon United States geological surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, Volume VI: Botany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-09T08:30:22","indexId":"70039256","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:59:00","publicationYear":"1878","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":371,"text":"Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"subseriesTitle":"U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian","title":"Report upon United States geological surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, Volume VI: Botany","docAbstract":"Although investigations in Botany, governed in a measure by the sparsely settled condition of the regions visited, are but incidental to the systematic purpose of the Survey, which has for its main object the determination of data necessary for the construction of a detailed topographical map, yet it is believed that the material here presented, as the result of examination, by specialists, of large and complete collections, will have its value as a substantial contribution to the knowledge of the Botany of portions of the United States west of the 1OOth meridian and south of the 40th parallel.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Report upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039256","collaboration":"Engineer Department, U.S. Army, published by authority of the honorable the Secretary of War, in accordance with Acts of Congress of June 23, 1874, and February 15, 1875.  In seven volumes and one supplement, accompanied by one topographic and one geologic atlas.","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, G., 1878, Report upon United States geological surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, Volume VI: Botany: Monograph, xxi, 404 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039256.","productDescription":"xxi, 404 p.","numberOfPages":"457","costCenters":[{"id":592,"text":"U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261489,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039256/report.pdf"},{"id":261490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039256/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,25.833333333333332 ], [ -124.8,49 ], [ -100,49 ], [ -100,25.833333333333332 ], [ -124.8,25.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc35ae4b08c986b32b0f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, George Montague","contributorId":35579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"George Montague","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039935,"text":"70039935 - 1875 - Preliminary report upon a reconnaissance through southern and southeastern Nevada, made in 1869","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-07T14:32:25.828648","indexId":"70039935","displayToPublicDate":"1875-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1875","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"subseriesTitle":"U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian","title":"Preliminary report upon a reconnaissance through southern and southeastern Nevada, made in 1869","docAbstract":"<p>By authority from headquarters Military Division of the Pacific, Lieut. George M. Wheeler, United States Engineers, will proceed with his civil assistants and three enlisted men to either Camps Halleck or Ruby, Nevada, and having been joined by Lieut. D.W. Lockwood, United States Engineers, now <i>en route </i>via Fort Churchill, will there organize a party, to consist of two-non-commissioned officers and twenty-three enlisted men, (cavalry, or infantry mounted,) such drivers, packers, and guides as may be required; equip them with the necessary, full, and complete outfit, as far as the resources of the posts will enable him so to do; after which he will proceed, via the White Pine district, to make a thorough and careful reconnaissance of the district of country to the south and east of White Pine, extending thereto from the White Pine or Grant district, of obtaining correct data for a military map of the country, and for the selection of the site or sites for such military post or posts to cover the mining country south and east of White Pine from hostile Indians, as may be required. Such explorations and examinations as may will be made in reference to the physical geography of the country, its resources in wood, water, agricultural or mineral productions.</p>\n<p>The character, habits, and numbers of Indian tribes, and their dispositions toward settlers and miners, will be subjects for investigations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039935","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, G., and Lockwood, D., 1875, Preliminary report upon a reconnaissance through southern and southeastern Nevada, made in 1869, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039935.","productDescription":"72 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310330,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039935/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70039935.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,35 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,35 ], [ -120,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"Under the orders of Brigadier General E.O.C. Ord, Brevet Major General U.S. Army, commanding Department of California. This report is the Annual Report for 1869.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8a54e4b0c8380cd7e028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, George Montague","contributorId":35579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"George Montague","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, D.W.","contributorId":62068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227902,"text":"70227902 - null - Predicting species distributions: unifying model selection and scale optimization for multi-scale occupancy models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-02T19:22:11.352635","indexId":"70227902","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-20T13:20:46","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting species distributions: unifying model selection and scale optimization for multi-scale occupancy models","docAbstract":"Geographic distributions are a basic component of a species’ ecology, and predicting distributions is a fundamental task of conservation and resource management. Reliable prediction depends on identification of appropriate scales of effect for environmental data, and scale-optimization techniques are thus desirable to identify optimal scales for predictor variables. Recent statistical developments have also advanced methods of model selection based explicitly on predictive ability, which differ from commonly-used methods that regulate model structures via anticipated predictive performance. Such methods are beginning to permeate into species distribution models (SDMs), yet there remains no consensus methodology for developing optimally-predictive multi-scale SDMs when covariate data are collected over a range of scales. Thus, we compared the performance of common approaches for scale optimization and model selection in terms of their ability to produce optimally predictive multi-scale Bayesian occupancy models for predicting a species distribution, using models of the breeding distribution for King Rails (Rallus elegans) as a case study. Our results demonstrate sizable gains in predictive performance for hierarchical occupancy models selected explicitly via their ability to predict out-of-sample data using the logarithmic scoring rule, as compared to models selected using information criteria (DIC and WAIC). Information criteria commonly selected individual covariates, as well as scales of effect for those covariates, with suboptimal predictive performance. Performance of models selected using the logarithmic scoring rule was robust across method of scale optimization, which was not true for models selected using DIC and WAIC. Thus, we empirically demonstrate benefits of study designs that enable covariate and scale selection based explicitly on predictive ability. Our results also imply that more careful consideration of what constitutes an optimal scale is warranted in many ecological studies, as the meaning of optimal is not independent of the technique used for scale selection.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2748","usgsCitation":"Stevens, B.S., and Conway, C.J., Predicting species distributions: unifying model selection and scale optimization for multi-scale occupancy models: Ecosphere, v. 10, no. 5, e02748, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2748.","productDescription":"e02748, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099198","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2748","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Bryan S.","contributorId":171809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70236057,"text":"70236057 - null - Characterizing the interface between wild ducks and poultry to evaluate the potential of transmission of avian pathogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T16:20:23.390723","indexId":"70236057","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T11:12:57","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2050,"text":"International Journal of Health Geographics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing the interface between wild ducks and poultry to evaluate the potential of transmission of avian pathogens","docAbstract":"<h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Characterizing the interface between wild and domestic animal populations is increasingly recognized as essential in the context of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) that are transmitted by wildlife. More specifically, the spatial and temporal distribution of contact rates between wild and domestic hosts is a key parameter for modeling EIDs transmission dynamics. We integrated satellite telemetry, remote sensing and ground-based surveys to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of indirect contacts between wild and domestic birds to estimate the risk that avian pathogens such as avian influenza and Newcastle viruses will be transmitted between wildlife to poultry. We monitored comb ducks (<i>Sarkidiornis melanotos melanotos</i>) with satellite transmitters for seven months in an extensive Afro-tropical wetland (the Inner Niger Delta) in Mali and characterise the spatial distribution of backyard poultry in villages. We modelled the spatial distribution of wild ducks using 250-meter spatial resolution and 8-days temporal resolution remotely-sensed environmental indicators based on a Maxent niche modelling method.</p><h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results show a strong seasonal variation in potential contact rate between wild ducks and poultry. We found that the exposure of poultry to wild birds was greatest at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season, when comb ducks disperse from natural water bodies to irrigated areas near villages.</p><h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study provides at a local scale a quantitative evidence of the seasonal variability of contact rate between wild and domestic bird populations. It illustrates a GIS-based methodology for estimating epidemiological contact rates at the wildlife and livestock interface integrating high-resolution satellite telemetry and remote sensing data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/1476-072X-10-60","usgsCitation":"Cappelle, J., Gaidet, N., Iverson, S.A., Takekawa, J.Y., Newman, S.H., Fofana, B., and Gilbert, M., Characterizing the interface between wild ducks and poultry to evaluate the potential of transmission of avian pathogens: International Journal of Health Geographics, v. 10, 60, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-10-60.","productDescription":"60, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-10-60","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":405689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mali","otherGeospatial":"Inner Niger Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -4.55108642578125,\n              14.98193315445839\n            ],\n            [\n              -3.9166259765625,\n              14.98193315445839\n            ],\n            [\n              -3.9166259765625,\n              15.493385656382307\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.55108642578125,\n              15.493385656382307\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.55108642578125,\n              14.98193315445839\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cappelle, Julien","contributorId":71440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappelle","given":"Julien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaidet, Nicolas","contributorId":37601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaidet","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, S. A.","contributorId":22556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":196611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":199129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fofana, Bouba","contributorId":295743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fofana","given":"Bouba","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilbert, Marius","contributorId":61148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Marius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70207642,"text":"70207642 - null - Using indirect methods to constrain symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates: A case study from an Amazonian rain forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T10:31:59","indexId":"70207642","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T10:15:44","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using indirect methods to constrain symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates: A case study from an Amazonian rain forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>Human activities have profoundly altered the global&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">nitrogen</span><span>&nbsp;(N) cycle. Increases in anthropogenic N have had multiple effects on the atmosphere, on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, and even on human health. Unfortunately, methodological limitations challenge our ability to directly measure natural N inputs via biological N&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">fixation</span><span>&nbsp;(BNF)-the largest natural source of new N to ecosystems. This confounds efforts to quantify the extent of anthropogenic perturbation to the N cycle. To address this gap, we used a pair of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">indirect</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">methods</span><span>-analytical modeling and N balance-to generate independent estimates of BNF in a presumed hotspot of N&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">fixation</span><span>, a tropical rain forest site in central Rondônia in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Our objectives were to attempt to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">constrain</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">symbiotic</span><span>&nbsp;N&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">fixation</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">rates</span><span>&nbsp;in this site using&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">indirect</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">methods</span><span>, and to assess strengths and weaknesses of this approach by looking for areas of convergence and disagreement between the estimates. This approach yielded two remarkably similar estimates of N&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">fixation</span><span>. However, when compared to a previously published bottom-up estimate, our analysis indicated much lower N inputs via&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">symbiotic</span><span>&nbsp;BNF in the Rondônia site than has been suggested for the tropics as a whole. This discrepancy may reflect errors associated with extrapolating bottom-up fluxes from plot-scale measures, those resulting from the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">indirect</span><span>&nbsp;analyses, and/or the relatively low abundance of legumes at the Rondônia site. While&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">indirect</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">methods</span><span>&nbsp;have some limitations, we suggest that until the technological challenges of directly measuring N&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">fixation</span><span>&nbsp;are overcome, integrated approaches that employ a combination of model-generated and empirically-derived data offer a promising way of constraining N inputs via BNF in natural ecosystems.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-009-9392-y","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, C., Houlton , B., Neill, C., Reed, S.C., Wang, Y., and Townsend, A., Using indirect methods to constrain symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates: A case study from an Amazonian rain forest: Biogeochemistry, v. 99, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9392-y.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9392-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Amazonian rain forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -60.8642578125,\n              8.624472107633936\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.06152343750001,\n              7.013667927566642\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.3359375,\n              7.36246686553575\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.4453125,\n              7.449624260197816\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.291015625,\n              5.090944175033399\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.8173828125,\n              3.425691524418062\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.201171875,\n              2.3723687086440504\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.2666015625,\n              -1.7575368113083125\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.0576171875,\n              -5.266007882805485\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.552734375,\n              -9.622414142924805\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.6962890625,\n              -13.025965926333539\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.2353515625,\n              -12.983147716796566\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.3349609375,\n              -16.003575733881313\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.9853515625,\n              -16.13026201203474\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.06347656249999,\n              -16.214674588248542\n            ],\n            [\n              -50.625,\n              -8.971897294083014\n            ],\n            [\n              -48.8671875,\n              -2.5040852618529215\n            ],\n            [\n              -48.3837890625,\n              -0.21972602392080884\n            ],\n            [\n              -51.591796875,\n              4.477856485570586\n            ],\n            [\n              -56.99707031249999,\n              6.053161295714067\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.8642578125,\n              8.624472107633936\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, C.C.","contributorId":62387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houlton , B.Z. ","contributorId":221564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houlton ","given":"B.Z. ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neill, C","contributorId":221565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neill","given":"C","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Y","contributorId":221568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Y","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Townsend, A.R.","contributorId":16631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70256005,"text":"70256005 - null - Simulation of the long term radiometric responses of the Terra MODIS and EO-1 ALI using Hyperion spectral responses over Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-12T14:32:29.122156","indexId":"70256005","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-04T09:23:35","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of the long term radiometric responses of the Terra MODIS and EO-1 ALI using Hyperion spectral responses over Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion instrument provides 220 spectral bands with wavelengths between 400 and 2500 nm at 30 m spatial resolution, which covers a 7.5 km by 100 km area on the ground. The EO-1 spacecraft has another multispectral sensor called the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), which has 10 spectral bands with wavelengths between 400 and 2350 nm at 30 m spatial resolution. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard the Terra spacecraft was launched in Dec., 1999, and flies approximately 30 minutes behind EO-1. Nearsimultaneous observations from Terra MODIS, EO-1 ALI and Hyperion over a well characterized Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN) target are chosen for this study. A uniform region of interest (ROI) within the playa within latitudes and longitudes of 38.48 and -115.71 to 38.53 and -115.66 was chosen for this analysis. A representation of the ground spectra during every near-simultaneous acquisition of MODIS and ALI is obtained using EO-1 Hyperion data. Using the EO-1 Hyperion derived top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance profile along with the ALI and MODIS relative spectral responses (RSR), simulated reflectance for the matching band pairs is calculated. The Hyperion simulated TOA reflectance results are compared to the measured TOA reflectance trends of ALI and MODIS. The long-term measured versus simulated reflectance results are used to examine the relationships and calibration differences between the ALI and MODIS sensors.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE 7862, Earth observing missions and sensors: Development, implementation, and characterization","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Missions and Sensors: Development, Implementation, and Characterization","conferenceDate":"October 11-14, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Incheon, Republic of Korea","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)","doi":"10.1117/12.868963","usgsCitation":"Choi, T., Xiong, X., Angal, A., and Chander, G., Simulation of the long term radiometric responses of the Terra MODIS and EO-1 ALI using Hyperion spectral responses over Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada (RVPN), <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE 7862, Earth observing missions and sensors: Development, implementation, and characterization, v. 7862, Incheon, Republic of Korea, October 11-14, 2010, 78620H, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/12.868963.","productDescription":"78620H, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7862","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, Taeyoung","contributorId":146955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"Taeyoung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":906334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xiong, Xiaoxiong","contributorId":15088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"Xiaoxiong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":906335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angal, Amit","contributorId":67394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angal","given":"Amit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":906336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":906337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70273254,"text":"70273254 - null - An empirical algorithm for estimating agricultural and riparian evapotranspiration using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and ground measurements of ET. II. Application to the lower Colorado River, U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T16:00:36.737075","indexId":"70273254","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-20T09:55:13","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical algorithm for estimating agricultural and riparian evapotranspiration using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and ground measurements of ET. II. Application to the lower Colorado River, U.S.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large quantities of water are consumed by irrigated crops and riparian vegetation in western U.S. irrigation districts. Remote sensing methods for estimating evaporative water losses by soil and vegetation (evapotranspiration, ET) over wide river stretches are needed to allocate water for agricultural and environmental needs. We used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite to scale ET over agricultural and riparian areas along the Lower Colorado River in the southwestern U.S., using a linear regression equation between ET of riparian plants and alfalfa measured on the ground, and meteorological and remote sensing data, with an error or uncertainty of about 20%. The algorithm was applied to irrigation districts and riparian areas from Lake Mead to the U.S./Mexico border. The results for agricultural crops were similar to results produced by crop coefficients developed for the irrigation districts along the river. However, riparian ET was only half as great as crop coefficient estimates set by expert opinion, equal to about 40% of reference crop evapotranspiration. Based on reported acreages in 2007, agricultural crops (146,473 ha) consumed 2.2 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;of water. All riparian shrubs and trees (47,014 ha) consumed 3.8 × 10</span><sup>8</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, of which saltcedar, the dominant riparian shrub (25,044 ha), consumed 1.8 × 10</span><sup>8</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, about 1% of the annual flow of the river. This method could supplement existing protocols for estimating ET by providing an estimate based on the actual state of the canopy as determined by frequent-return satellite data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs1041125","usgsCitation":"Murray, R.S., Nagler, P.L., Morino, K., and Glenn, E., An empirical algorithm for estimating agricultural and riparian evapotranspiration using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and ground measurements of ET. II. Application to the lower Colorado River, U.S.: Remote Sensing, v. 1, no. 4, p. 1125-1138, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041125.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1125","endPage":"1138","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"lower Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.8813192791255,\n              36.97080066185404\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.96456312629869,\n              36.97080066185404\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.96456312629869,\n              32.699643980926254\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8813192791255,\n              32.699643980926254\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.8813192791255,\n              36.97080066185404\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R. Scott","contributorId":64468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70273164,"text":"70273164 - null - Synthesis of ground and remote sensing data for monitoring ecosystem functions in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-17T16:26:52.40872","indexId":"70273164","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-27T10:18:01","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of ground and remote sensing data for monitoring ecosystem functions in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>The delta of the Colorado River in&nbsp;Mexico&nbsp;supports a rich mix of estuarine, wetland and&nbsp;</span>riparian ecosystems<span>&nbsp;that provide habitat for over 350 species of birds as well as fish,&nbsp;marine mammals, and other wildlife. An important part of the delta ecosystem is the riparian corridor, which is supported by agricultural return flows and waste spills of water originating in the&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;and Mexico. These flows may be curtailed in the future due to&nbsp;climate change&nbsp;and changing land use practices (out-of-basin water transfers, increased agricultural efficiency, and more optimal management of dams) in the U.S. and Mexico, and resource managers need to monitor the effects of their water management practices on these ecosystems. We developed ground-validated,&nbsp;remote sensing&nbsp;methods to monitor the vegetation status, habitat value, and water use of wetland and riparian ecosystems using multi-temporal, multi-resolution images. The integrated methodology allowed us to project species composition, leaf area index, fractional cover, habitat value, and&nbsp;evapotranspiration&nbsp;over seasons and years throughout the delta, in response to variable water flows from the U.S. to Mexico. Waste spills of water from the U.S. have regenerated native cottonwood and willow trees in the riparian corridor and created backwater and marsh areas that support birds and other wildlife. However, the main source of water supporting the&nbsp;riparian vegetation&nbsp;is the regional aquifer recharged by underflow from U.S. and Mexico&nbsp;irrigation districts. Native trees have a short half-life in the&nbsp;riparian zone&nbsp;due to human-set fires and harvesting for timber. Active management, monitoring, and restoration programs are needed to maintain the habitat value of this ecosystem for the future.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.018","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Glenn, E., and Hinojosa-Huera, O., Synthesis of ground and remote sensing data for monitoring ecosystem functions in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 7, p. 1473-1485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1473","endPage":"1485","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.7360144715991,\n              32.519626708379434\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.38432903382771,\n              32.488742820889456\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.13525903251964,\n              31.663178387787312\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.51990961752253,\n              31.644472894515545\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7360144715991,\n              32.519626708379434\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinojosa-Huera, Osvel","contributorId":339751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinojosa-Huera","given":"Osvel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24640,"text":"Pronatura Noroeste","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70236406,"text":"70236406 - null - Modeling of wave driven circulation and water quality in nearshore environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T15:07:20.521719","indexId":"70236406","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T10:02:21","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling of wave driven circulation and water quality in nearshore environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to investigate the effects of nearshore discharges of water quality degrading substances and bacteria in coastal environments, models capable of predicting nearshore circulation due to local wave and tide conditions are required. One of the larger challenges to nearshore coastal modeling is accurately reproducing nearshore circulation due to wave action. Local wave action not only drives circulation through processes such as longshore transport and rip currents, but also contributes significantly to the mixing of water quality constituents. In the present work, a wave model was used to calculate radiation shear stresses and dissipation due to wave action. The shear stresses and dissipation were incorporated into a hydrodynamic model to force circulation in the nearshore environment. The model was applied to a site in Santa Cruz, CA where site specific current data was available. The model reproduces the nearshore current structure observed in the region and was used to study the transport of dredge disposal plumes in the region which could have deleterious effects on local beaches. This presentation will outline the nearshore circulation model development and application.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2008 world environmental and water resources congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008","conferenceDate":"May 12-16, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/9780784409763","usgsCitation":"Jones, C., and Angster, S.J., Modeling of wave driven circulation and water quality in nearshore environments, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2008 world environmental and water resources congress, Honolulu, HI, May 12-16, 2008, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784409763.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Craig","contributorId":208632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Craig","affiliations":[{"id":37853,"text":"Integral Constulting Inc., Santa Cruz, California, UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angster, Stephen J. 0000-0001-9250-8415 sangster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-8415","contributorId":3885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angster","given":"Stephen","email":"sangster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":850909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70273251,"text":"70273251 - null - Relationship between remotely-sensed vegetation indices, canopy attributes and plant physiological processes: What vegetation indices can and cannot tell us about the landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T15:33:23.073849","indexId":"70273251","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-28T09:13:57","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3380,"text":"Sensors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between remotely-sensed vegetation indices, canopy attributes and plant physiological processes: What vegetation indices can and cannot tell us about the landscape","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vegetation indices (VIs) are among the oldest tools in remote sensing studies. Although many variations exist, most of them ratio the reflection of light in the red and NIR sections of the spectrum to separate the landscape into water, soil, and vegetation. Theoretical analyses and field studies have shown that VIs are near-linearly related to photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by a plant canopy, and therefore to light-dependent physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, occurring in the upper canopy. Practical studies have used time-series VIs to measure primary production and evapotranspiration, but these are limited in accuracy to that of the data used in ground truthing or calibrating the models used. VIs are also used to estimate a wide variety of other canopy attributes that are used in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT), Surface Energy Balance (SEB), and Global Climate Models (GCM). These attributes include fractional vegetation cover, leaf area index, roughness lengths for turbulent transfer, emissivity and albedo. However, VIs often exhibit only moderate, non-linear relationships to these canopy attributes, compromising the accuracy of the models. We use case studies to illustrate the use and misuse of VIs, and argue for using VIs most simply as a measurement of canopy light absorption rather than as a surrogate for detailed features of canopy architecture. Used this way, VIs are compatible with “Big Leaf” SVAT and GCMs that assume that canopy carbon and moisture fluxes have the same relative response to the environment as any single leaf, simplifying the task of modeling complex landscapes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/s8042136","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Huete, A.R., Nagler, P.L., and Nelson, S.G., Relationship between remotely-sensed vegetation indices, canopy attributes and plant physiological processes: What vegetation indices can and cannot tell us about the landscape: Sensors, v. 8, no. 4, p. 2136-2160, https://doi.org/10.3390/s8042136.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"2136","endPage":"2160","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s8042136","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.46320466185165,\n              34.705992498069406\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.398916590966,\n              34.73603912838132\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.53190465917093,\n              34.97188700395952\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.64409364561838,\n              34.905752361774034\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.54892208969932,\n              34.76089704626571\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.46320466185165,\n              34.705992498069406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo R","contributorId":243589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":48742,"text":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Stephen G.","contributorId":174719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70205983,"text":"70205983 - null - Characterizing the two-dimensional thermal conductivity distribution in a sand and gravel aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-14T14:38:34","indexId":"70205983","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-14T14:38:13","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing the two-dimensional thermal conductivity distribution in a sand and gravel aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Both hydrologic and thermal transport properties play a significant role in the movement of heat through permeable sedimentary material; however, the thermal conductivity is rarely characterized in detailed spatial resolution. As part of a study of the movement of thermal plumes through a sand and gravel aquifer, we have constructed a two-dimensional profile of thermal conductivity. This work consisted of: (i) measuring the thermal conductivity of the soil solids, λ</span><sub>s</sub><span>, for the main stratigraphic units using the steady-state divided-bar apparatus and estimating conductivity from mineral composition; (ii) measuring the volumetric water content and porosity using crosshole ground-penetrating radar; (iii) evaluating four models used to predict the apparent thermal conductivity, λ, of variably saturated soils and selecting the best model using the information-theoretic approach, (iv) calculating the λ field on a 0.25-m square cell grid using measured data and the selected model, and (v) simulating thermal transport within the two-dimensional domain using a finite element numerical model. The apparent thermal conductivity in the saturated aquifer ranges from 2.14 to 2.69 W m</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;K</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;with a mean of 2.42 W m</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;K</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;Numerical simulations show that the heterogeneous thermal conductivity field results in increased thermal dispersion that is most pronounced at the plume front. Our values for λ and λ</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;may be used for glacial soils with similar mineralogy and texture. Our methods may also be used at other sites to construct the thermal conductivity distribution.</span></p>","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2005.0293","usgsCitation":"Markle, J.M., Schincariol, R.A., Sass, J., and Molson, J.W., Characterizing the two-dimensional thermal conductivity distribution in a sand and gravel aquifer: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 70, no. 4, p. 1281-1294, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0293.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1294","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Tricks Creek Watershed ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              43.52266348752663\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6998291015625,\n              43.52266348752663\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6998291015625,\n              43.94537239244209\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              43.94537239244209\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              43.52266348752663\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markle, Jeff M.","contributorId":219782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markle","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schincariol, Robert A.","contributorId":219783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schincariol","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":773166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Molson, John W.","contributorId":219784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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