{"pageNumber":"188","pageRowStart":"4675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":29647,"text":"wri904109 - 1991 - Geologic setting and water quality of selected basins in the active coal-mining areas of Ohio, 1987-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri904109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4109","title":"Geologic setting and water quality of selected basins in the active coal-mining areas of Ohio, 1987-88","docAbstract":"This report presents hydrologic data from selected drainage basins in the active coal-mining areas of Ohio from July 1987 through October 1988. The study area is mostly within the unglaciated part of eastern Ohio along the western edge of the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province. The 1987-88 work is the second phase of a 7-year study to assess baseline water quality in Ohio's coal region.\r\n\r\nThe data collection network consisted of 41 long-term surface-water sites in 21 basins. The sites were measured and sampled twice yearly at low flow. In addition, six individual basins (three each year) selected for a more detailed representation of surface-water and ground-water quality. In 1987, the Sandy Creek, Middle Tuscarawas River and Sugar Creek, and Lower Tuscarawas River basins were chosen. In 1988, the Short and Wheeling Creeks, Upper Wills Creek, and Upper Raccoon Creek basins were chosen.\r\n\r\nBecause of their proximity to the glaciated region and outwash drainage, the basins studied intensively in 1987 contain more shallow productive aquifers than do the basins studied in detail for 1988, in which shallow ground-water sources are very localized.\r\n\r\nChemical analyses for 202 surface-water and 24 ground-water samples are presented. For field measurements made at surface-water sites, the specific conductance ranged from 295 to 3150 ? S/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius). For pH, the range was 2.8 to 8.6. Alkalinity ranged from 5 to 305 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as CaCO3.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904109","usgsCitation":"Sedam, A., 1991, Geologic setting and water quality of selected basins in the active coal-mining areas of Ohio, 1987-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4109, vii, 97 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904109.","productDescription":"vii, 97 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4109/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58465,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedam, A. C.","contributorId":32530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedam","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28464,"text":"wri914092 - 1991 - Analysis of the ground-water flow system, geochemistry, and underseepage in the vicinity of the Red Rock Dam near Pella, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-11T14:16:33","indexId":"wri914092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4092","title":"Analysis of the ground-water flow system, geochemistry, and underseepage in the vicinity of the Red Rock Dam near Pella, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers operates the Red Rock Dam on the Des Moines River in Marion County, Iowa. The dam consists of a gravity concrete control structure between two earthen embankments and has an impoundment storage capacity of 1,700,000 acre-feet. Since the impoundment of Lake Red Rock commenced during 1969, water seepage beneath the dam has been significant enough to cause continuing investigation by the Corps of Engineers of its source and implications.</p>\n<p>The St. Louis Limestone, which consists of interbedded sandstones and carbonates with solution collapse features resulting from partial removal of a basal evaporite zone, forms the bedrock foundation of the dam in the river valley. The soluble gypsum and anhydrite in the evaporite zone have the potential to be removed in greater quantity with increasing seepage velocities and volumes. Solution channels may develop as material is removed from the bedrock foundation, which could result in the collapse of overlying strata, thereby threatening the integrity of the earthen dam.</p>\n<p>The potentiometric surface in the overburden on the southwest side of the dam has an extremely steep hydraulic gradient from the reservoir through the dam to the downstream observation wells, which implies expected small permeability and minimal seepage through the dam and embankment materials. A lesser hydraulic gradient exists on the northeast side of the dam, which could indicate excessive seepage through embankment material from larger than expected hydraulic conductivity or underseepage through bedrock. Statistical analysis of water-level changes in the reservoir and in observation wells completed in the evaporite stratigraphic horizon on the northeast side of the dam indicates a hydraulic connection between the reservoir and the wells.</p>\n<p>Direct evidence of the existence of a connection between the reservoir and the ground-water system is provided by chloride concentration data. Maximum chloride concentrations occurred in the reservoir water in the early spring of 1989. Chloride concentrations reached a maximum in ground water from bedrock and overburden observation wells on the northeast side of the dam 1 to 4 months after their maximum in the reservoir. Underseepage of reservoir water occurs through the basal evaporite zone of the St. Louis Limestone and through the glacial sands in the northeast bluff between the bedrock surface and the base of the dam fill.</p>\n<p>The increased hydraulic head imposed on the system by the impounded waters of Lake Red Rock causes recharge and flow to the deeper bedrock aquifers in the immediate vicinity of the dam. This effect is manifested in the observation wells along and downstream from the dam axis, implying flow through the grout curtain in the bedrock foundation of the dam. There is potential for dissolution of the gypsum and anhydrite in the bedrock foundation, because reservoir water and shallow ground water in the vicinity of the dam are undersaturated with respect to these evaporite minerals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri914092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Rock Island District)","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., 1991, Analysis of the ground-water flow system, geochemistry, and underseepage in the vicinity of the Red Rock Dam near Pella, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4092, viii, 68 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914092.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57266,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4092/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57267,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4092/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Red Rock dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.27941894531249,\n              41.33866932357444\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.27941894531249,\n              41.49880677999689\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.95326232910156,\n              41.49880677999689\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.95326232910156,\n              41.33866932357444\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.27941894531249,\n              41.33866932357444\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68012a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49505,"text":"ofr91313B - 1991 - Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado; analytical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T11:24:37","indexId":"ofr91313B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-313","chapter":"B","title":"Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado; analytical data","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr91313B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Lipman, P.W., and Sawyer, D.A., 1991, Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado; analytical data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-313, 1 WK1 file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91313B.","productDescription":"1 WK1 file","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269594,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0313b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":239771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29460,"text":"wri914097 - 1991 - Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri914097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4097","title":"Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams","docAbstract":"Low-flow characteristics were determined for 136 continuous-record and 212 low-flow partial-record streamflow gaging stations in Kentucky. Low-flow frequency curves were developed for the continuous-record gaging stations from daily mean streamflows for unregulated periods of 10 years or more. Through graphical correlation with data from one or more of the continuous-record stations, estimates of selected low-flow frequency values were also made at each of the partial-record stations. \r\n\r\nTechniques are presented to estimate the 7-day 2-year and 7-day 10-year low-flow frequency values for ungaged, unregulated streams in Kentucky. These frequency values were determined at each of the continuous-record gaging stations and were related to basin characteristics and streamflow indices using multiple linear regression. The most significant variables for estimating the 7-day 2-and 10-year low-flow values from the analysis were drainage area and streamflow-variability index. The equations developed to estimate the 7-day 2-year and the 7-day 10-year low flows have a standard error of estimate of 71 and 90 percent, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914097","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, K., and Martin, G.R., 1991, Low-flow characteristics of Kentucky streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4097, v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS 51 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914097.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS 51 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2459,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_91_4097.jpg"},{"id":58305,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4097/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58306,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4097/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, K.J.","contributorId":35322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, G. R.","contributorId":14004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20141,"text":"ofr89271 - 1991 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20141,"text":"ofr89271 - 1991 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","indexId":"ofr89271","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2319,"text":"wsp2386 - 1993 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","indexId":"wsp2386","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2319,"text":"wsp2386 - 1993 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","indexId":"wsp2386","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T16:32:20.246307","indexId":"ofr89271","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-271","title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","docAbstract":"<p>The movement of water and tritium through the unsaturated zone was studied at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Bureau County, Illinois, from 1981 to 1985. Water and tritium movement occurred in an annual, seasonally timed cycle; recharge to the saturated zone generally occurred in the spring and early summer. Mean annual precipitation (1982-85) was 871 millimeters; mean annual recharge to the disposal trenches (July 1982 through June 1984) was estimated to be 107 millimeters. Average annual tritium flux below the study trenches was estimated to be 3.4 millicuries per year. Site geology, climate, and waste-disposal practices influenced the spatial and temporal variability of water and tritium movement. Of the components of the water budget, evapotranspiration contributed most to the temporal variability of water and tritium movement. Disposal trenches are constructed in complexly layered glacial and postglacial deposits that average 17 meters in thickness and overlie a thick sequence of Pennsylvanian shale. The horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity of the clayey-silt to sand-sized glacial and postglacial deposits ranges from 4.8x10^-1 to 3.4x10^4 millimeters per day. A 120-meter-long horizontal tunnel provided access for hydrologic measurements and collection of sediment and water samples from the unsaturated and saturated geologic deposits below four disposal trenches. Trench-cover and subtrench deposits were monitored with soil-moisture tensiometers, vacuum and gravity lysimeters, piezometers, and a nuclear soil-moisture gage. A cross-sectional, numerical ground-water-flow model was used to simulate water movement in the variably saturated geologic deposits in the tunnel area. Concurrent studies at the site provided water-budget data for estimating recharge to the disposal trenches. Vertical water movement directly above the trenches was impeded by a zone of compaction within the clayey-silt trench covers. Water entered the trenches primarily at the trench edges where the compacted zone was absent and the cover was relatively thin. Collapse holes in the trench covers that resulted from inadequate compaction of wastes within the trenches provided additional preferential pathways for surface-water drainage into the trenches; drainage into one collapse hole during a rainstorm was estimated to be 1,700 liters. Till deposits near trench bases induced lateral water and tritium movement. Limited temporal variation in water movement and small flow gradients (relative to the till deposits) were detected in the unsaturated subtrench sand deposit; maximum gradients during the spring recharge period averaged 1.62 millimeters per millimeter. Time-of-travel of water moving from the trench covers to below the trenches was estimated to be as rapid as 41 days (assuming individual water molecules move this distance in one recharge cycle). Tritium concentrations in water from the unsaturated zone ranged from 200 (background) to 10,000,000 pCi/L (picocuries per liter). Tritium concentrations generally were higher below trench bases (averaging 91,000 pCi/L) than below intertrench sediments (averaging 3,300 pCi/L), and in the subtrench Toulon Member of the Glasford Formation (sand) (averaging 110,000 pCi/L) than in the Hulick Till Member of the Glasford Formation (clayey silt) (averaging 59,000 pCi/L). Average subtrench tritium concentration increased from 28,000 to 100,000 pCi/L during the study period. Within the trench covers, there was a strong seasonal trend in tritium concentrations; the highest concentrations occurred in late summer when soil-moisture contents were at a minimum. Subtrench tritium movement occurred in association with the annual cycle of water movement, as well as independently of the cycle, in apparent response to continuous water movement through the subtrench sand deposits and to the deterioration of trench-waste containers. <span>The increase in concentrations of tritium with increasing distance from </span><span>the trench bases in the sand unit indicates that water movement through the </span><span>unit may be more pronounced than indicated by the pressure-head data. </span><span>Localized, preferential flow paths may have gone undetected by the monitoring </span><span>instruments used in the study. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr89271","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., and Healy, R.W., 1991, Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-271, vii, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89271.","productDescription":"vii, 109 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0271/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0271/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Bureau County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.6309,41.5867],[-89.6266,41.5862],[-89.5179,41.5867],[-89.5124,41.5867],[-89.4025,41.5862],[-89.3945,41.5862],[-89.338,41.5866],[-89.335,41.5866],[-89.3337,41.5866],[-89.2859,41.5856],[-89.2766,41.5856],[-89.168,41.5845],[-89.1676,41.5418],[-89.1672,41.4964],[-89.1668,41.4542],[-89.1664,41.4079],[-89.1654,41.3661],[-89.1649,41.3221],[-89.165,41.3099],[-89.1803,41.309],[-89.1962,41.3113],[-89.2078,41.3127],[-89.2249,41.3137],[-89.25,41.3205],[-89.2646,41.3219],[-89.2677,41.3219],[-89.2732,41.3206],[-89.275,41.3192],[-89.2824,41.3138],[-89.3124,41.3047],[-89.3344,41.3007],[-89.3387,41.298],[-89.3405,41.2957],[-89.3405,41.2934],[-89.3406,41.2889],[-89.3387,41.2853],[-89.3375,41.2816],[-89.3381,41.2775],[-89.3449,41.263],[-89.3479,41.2567],[-89.351,41.249],[-89.3553,41.2336],[-89.3926,41.2336],[-89.4665,41.2336],[-89.4659,41.1488],[-89.6392,41.1487],[-89.6394,41.2331],[-89.7414,41.2339],[-89.7554,41.2338],[-89.8568,41.2345],[-89.8572,41.3207],[-89.8559,41.4088],[-89.8555,41.4523],[-89.8563,41.4973],[-89.8564,41.5191],[-89.8601,41.519],[-89.861,41.5858],[-89.7481,41.586],[-89.7444,41.586],[-89.6309,41.5867]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bureau\",\"state\":\"IL\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30102,"text":"wri904084 - 1991 - Hydrology and potential effects of mining in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts, central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T16:14:50","indexId":"wri904084","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4084","title":"Hydrology and potential effects of mining in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts, central Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Bydrologic data were collected for the proposed Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts in Sevier and Bnery Counties, Utah, in order to describe the hydrology and potential effects of mining on the hydrologic system. The Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts are near the Southern Utah Fuel Company coal mine in an area of the central Wasatch Plateau that is characterized by a relatively flat plateau deeply dissected by steep-sided canyons.</p><p>Surface water in the Quitchupah and Pines study area drains to two perennial streams, Muddy Creek to the north and Quitchupah Creek to the south. Peak streamflow is usually in May and June in response to snowmelt runoff; however, thunderstorms can cause short-term high flows in late summer and fall. The specific conductance of surface water in and near the study area measured during the 1987 water year ranged from 440 (iS/cm to 860 (iS/cm. Suspended-sediment concentrations ranged from 17 to 10,900 mg/L in the Quitchupah Creek drainage and 34 to 312 mg/L in the Muddy Creek drainage.</p><p>Stable-isotope studies indicate that recharge to aquifers in the study area is by seepage of snowmelt into rock outcrops. Discharge from the aquifers is at springs, seeps, mines, and zones of seepage in streambeds. The chemical quality of ground water is related to the mineralogy of the formations with which the water has contact. Water from the upper part of the Cast legate Sandstone has the smallest concentration of dissolved solids, 61 mg/L, and water from the North Horn Formation has the largest concentration, 1,080 mg/L.</p><p>Observed effects of underground coal mining at the nearby active mine are considered indicative of the changes that can be expected in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts. Subsidence above the mined area could cause dewatering of the Blackhawk Formation and the Star Point Sandstone, changes in the natural drainage patterns, and alteration of both surface- and ground-water quality. Additional studies are needed to gain a better understanding of the hydrologic effects of underground mining in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","doi":"10.3133/wri904084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., and Cordy, G., 1991, Hydrology and potential effects of mining in the Quitchupah and Pines coal-lease tracts, central Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4084, Report: vii, 63 p.; Plate: 26.82 x 24.37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904084.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 63 p.; Plate: 26.82 x 24.37 inches","numberOfPages":"72","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58920,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58919,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4084/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.4208,\n              39.03333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2583,\n              39.03333\n            ],\n            [\n               -111.2583,\n              38.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3208,\n              38.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3208,\n              38.88333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.425,\n              38.88333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.425,\n              38.93333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4589,\n               38.93333\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4589,\n              38.9875\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4208,\n              38.9875\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4208,\n              39.03333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60517d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cordy, G. E.","contributorId":59075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordy","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54832,"text":"wdrNV901 - 1991 - Water resources data, Nevada, water year 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-22T20:50:54.916151","indexId":"wdrNV901","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NV-90-1","title":"Water resources data, Nevada, water year 1990","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data published herein for the 1990 water year comprise the following records:</p><p>o Water discharge for 140 gaging stations on streams, canals, and drains.<br>o Discharge data for 93 peak-flow stations and miscellaneous sites, and 53 springs.<br>o Stage and contents for 23 lakes and reservoirs.<br>o Water-quality data for 45 stream, canal, and drain sites, and 61 wells. ' Precipitation totals for 22 streams.<br>o Water levels for 20 continuous record wells, and 422 observation wells.<br></p><p>Additional water-data, collected at various sites that are not part of the systematic data-collection program, are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Nevada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNV901","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Nevada and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Bostic, R.E., Hitch, D., Van Gordon, L., and Swanson, R., 1991, Water resources data, Nevada, water year 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NV-90-1, x, 358 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNV901.","productDescription":"x, 358 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1990/nv-90-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1990/nv-90-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":49504,"text":"ofr91313A - 1991 - Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Analytical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T19:13:43.920551","indexId":"ofr91313A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-313","chapter":"A","title":"Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Analytical data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91313A","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Lipman, P.W., and Sawyer, D.A., 1991, Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Analytical data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-313, Report: 19 p.; 1 Plate: 36.51 × 29.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91313A.","productDescription":"Report: 19 p.; 1 Plate: 36.51 × 29.76 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410289,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18116.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":86096,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0313a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0313a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0313a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.057,\n              37.852\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.057,\n              37.551\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.779,\n              37.551\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.779,\n              37.852\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.057,\n              37.852\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":239768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":38458,"text":"pp1411C - 1991 - Geohydrology of Mesozoic rocks in the upper Colorado River basin in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, excluding the San Juan Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T17:42:11.330586","indexId":"pp1411C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1411","chapter":"C","title":"Geohydrology of Mesozoic rocks in the upper Colorado River basin in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, excluding the San Juan Basin","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this report is to provide a quantitative analysis of the occurrence, movement, and quality of water and the hydrologic characteristics of aquifers and confining units in the Mesozoic rocks of the Upper Colorado River Basin. The analysis is regional in scope and, hence, does not address site-specific problems caused by intricate localized quality, lithologic, or structural discontinuities. The report is intended to answer questions about the lateral flow of ground water from recharge to discharge areas, its vertical movement between aquifer systems, and the general water-yielding properties of aquifers.</p><p>Because the investigation was regional in scope, analyses of recharge, ground-water movement, discharge, and storage were based on data and interpretations from the results of previous investigations and existing files from government and private sources. Analyses of hydrologic properties and water quality were based largely on the same sources but were supplemented with a small quantity of newly collected data for areas for which this type of information was lacking. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1411C","usgsCitation":"Freethey, G.W., and Cordy, G.E., 1991, Geohydrology of Mesozoic rocks in the upper Colorado River basin in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, excluding the San Juan Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1411, Report: x, 118 p.; 6 Plates: 41.96 in. x 40.00 in. or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1411C.","productDescription":"Report: x, 118 p.; 6 Plates: 41.96 in. x 40.00 in. or smaller","startPage":"C1","endPage":"C118","numberOfPages":"130","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438941,"rank":701,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HPE08L","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital subsurface data of Mesozoic rocks in the Upper Colorado River Basin in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico from USGS Regional Aquifer System Analysis"},{"id":104642,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4867.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4867"},{"id":64963,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1411c/plate-6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing place names of the Upper Colorado River Basin"},{"id":64962,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1411c/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Maps showing generalized potentiometric surface, recharge and discharge areas, and direction of water movement in teh Mesozoic rocks of the Upper Colorado River Basin"},{"id":64961,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1411c/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Fence diagram showing relative thickness and extent of Mesozoic aquifers and confining units in the Upper Colorado River Basin"},{"id":64960,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1411c/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Maps showing areal extent and thickness of the Mesozoic aquifers of the Upper Colorado River Basin"},{"id":64959,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1411c/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Maps showing areal extent and thickness of the Mesozoic confining units of the Upper Colorado River Basin"},{"id":64958,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1411c/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Generalized stratigraphic and hydrologic correlation chart of Mesozoic rocks, Upper Colorado River Basin"},{"id":126451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1411c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64964,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1411c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.2802734375,\n              37.33522435930639\n 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,{"id":54645,"text":"wdrMARI901 - 1991 - Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T18:19:01.859773","indexId":"wdrMARI901","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MA-RI-90-1","title":"Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1990","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data for the 1990 water year for Massachusetts and Rhode Island consists of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records for 89 gaging stations, month end contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs, water quality for nine gaging stations, and water levels for 117 observation wells. Also included are data for one crest-stage and 61 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. A few pertinent stations in bordering states are also included in this report. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI901","collaboration":"This report was prepared in cooperation with the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Socolow, R., Gadoury, R.A., Ramsbey, L., and Bell, R., 1991, Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-90-1, xi, 260 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI901.","productDescription":"xi, 260 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178200,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1990/mari-90-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":496119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1990/mari-90-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              41.11994266161375\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8918541821574,\n              41.11994266161375\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8918541821574,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Socolow, R.S.","contributorId":17639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gadoury, R. A.","contributorId":26334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadoury","given":"R.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsbey, L.R.","contributorId":78393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsbey","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, R.W.","contributorId":77563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54565,"text":"wdrHI901 - 1991 - Water resources data, Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1990: Volume 1. Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T15:53:40.905863","indexId":"wdrHI901","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-90-1","title":"Water resources data, Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1990: Volume 1. Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1990 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report, volume 1, contains dis-charge records for 83 gaging stations; water quality for 15 gaging stations, 20 partial-record flow stations, and 129 wells; and water levels for 45 observation wells. Also included are 107 crest-stage partial record stations, 27 miscellaneous partial-record-sites, and 6 low-flow partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI901","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resource Management and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, I., Tateishi, G., Lum, M., and Kunishige, V., 1991, Water Resources Data, Hawaii and other Pacific Areas, Water Year 1990. Volume 1. 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,{"id":54415,"text":"wdrCA904 - 1991 - Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1990. Volume 4. Northern Central Valley Basins and the Great Basin from Honey Lake Basin to Oregon State Line","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-01T01:01:51","indexId":"wdrCA904","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-90-4","title":"Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1990. Volume 4. Northern Central Valley Basins and the Great Basin from Honey Lake Basin to Oregon State Line","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1990 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 4 contains discharge records for 182 gaging stations; stage and contents for 34 lakes and reservoirs; precipitation data for 3 stations; and water quality. for 12 stations. Also included is one low-flow partial-record station. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA904","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of 1vater Resources and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Mullen, J., Shelton, W., Markham, K., and Anderson, S., 1991, Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1990. Volume 4. Northern Central Valley Basins and the Great Basin from Honey Lake Basin to Oregon State Line (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-90-4, v, 338 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA904.","productDescription":"v, 338 p.","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_ca_90_4.jpg"},{"id":260089,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1990/ca-90/WDR-1990-vol4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,38 ], [ -123,42 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -120,38 ], [ -123,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc27d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullen, J.R.","contributorId":92683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, W.F.","contributorId":48241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markham, K.L.","contributorId":14041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, S.W.","contributorId":25628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1815,"text":"wsp2374 - 1991 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19281,"text":"ofr89586 - 1990 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in Virginia","indexId":"ofr89586","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1815,"text":"wsp2374 - 1991 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in Virginia","indexId":"wsp2374","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in Virginia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2374","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2374","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in Virginia","docAbstract":"Streamflow data were collected and low-flow characteristics computed for 715 gaged sites in Virginia Annual minimum average 7-consecutive-day flows range from 0 to 2,195 cubic feet per second for a 2-year recurrence interval and from 0 to 1,423 cubic feet per second for a 10-year recurrence interval. Drainage areas range from 0.17 to 7,320 square miles. Existing and discontinued gaged sites are separated into three types: long-term continuous-record sites, short-term continuous-record sites, and partial-record sites. Low-flow characteristics for long-term continuous-record sites are determined from frequency curves of annual minimum average 7-consecutive-day flows . Low-flow characteristics for short-term continuous-record sites are estimated by relating daily mean base-flow discharge values at a short-term site to concurrent daily mean discharge values at nearby long-term continuous-record sites having similar basin characteristics . Low-flow characteristics for partial-record sites are estimated by relating base-flow measurements to daily mean discharge values at long-term continuous-record sites. \r\n\r\nInformation from the continuous-record sites and partial-record sites in Virginia are used to develop two techniques for estimating low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites. A flow-routing method is developed to estimate low-flow values at ungaged sites on gaged streams. Regional regression equations are developed for estimating low-flow values at ungaged sites on ungaged streams. \r\n\r\nThe flow-routing method consists of transferring low-flow characteristics from a gaged site, either upstream or downstream, to a desired ungaged site. A simple drainage-area proration is used to transfer values when there are no major tributaries between the gaged and ungaged sites. Standard errors of estimate for108 test sites are 19 percent of the mean for estimates of low-flow characteristics having a 2-year recurrence interval and 52 percent of the mean for estimates of low-flow characteristics having a 10-year recurrence interval . A more complex transfer method must be used when major tributaries enter the stream between the gaged and ungaged sites. Twenty-four stream networks are analyzed, and predictions are made for 84 sites. Standard errors of estimate are 15 percent of the mean for estimates of low-flow characteristics having a 2-year recurrence interval and 22 percent of the mean for estimates of low-flow characteristics having a 10-year recurrence interval. \r\n\r\nRegional regression equations were developed for estimating low-flow values at ungaged sites on ungaged streams. The State was divided into eight regions on the basis of physiography and geographic grouping of the residuals computed in regression analyses . Basin characteristics that were significant in the regression analysis were drainage area, rock type, and strip-mined area. Standard errors of prediction range from 60 to139 percent for estimates of low-flow characteristics having a 2-year recurrence interval and 90 percent to 172 percent for estimates of low-flow characteristics having a 10-year recurrence interval.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2374","usgsCitation":"Hayes, D., 1991, Low-flow characteristics of streams in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2374, v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2374.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":16,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":27010,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2374/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27011,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2374/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Donald C.","contributorId":52945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Donald C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27449,"text":"wri914086 - 1991 - Methods for estimating monthly mean concentrations of selected water-quality constituents for stream sites in the Red River of the North basin, North Dakota and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:46:13","indexId":"wri914086","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4086","title":"Methods for estimating monthly mean concentrations of selected water-quality constituents for stream sites in the Red River of the North basin, North Dakota and Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Future development of the Garrison Diversion Unit may divert water from the Missouri River into the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North for municipal and industrial use. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Canals, Rivers, and Reservoirs Salinity Accounting Procedures model can be used to predict the effect various operating plans could have on water quality in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. The model uses, as Input, monthly means of streamflow and selected water-quality constituents for a 54-year period at 28 nodes on the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. This report provides methods for estimating monthly mean concentrations of selected water-quality constituents that can be used for input to and calibration of the salinity model.</p><p>Mater-quality data for 32 gaging stations can be used to define selected water-quality characteristics at the 28 model nodes. Materquality data were retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Mater Data Storage and Retrieval System data base and statistical summaries were prepared. The frequency of water-quality data collection at the gaging stations is inadequate to define monthly mean concentrations of the individual water-quality constituents for all months for the 54-year period; therefore, methods for estimating monthly mean concentrations were developed. Relations between selected water-quality constituents [dissolved solids, hardness (as <span>CaCO</span><sub>3</sub>), sodium, sulfate, and chloride] and streamflow were developed as the primary method to estimate monthly mean concentrations. Relations between specific conductance and streamflow and relations between selected water-quality constituents [dissolved solids, hardness (as CaCO<sub>3</sub>), sodium, sulfate, and chloride] and specific conductance were developed so that a cascaded-regression relation could be developed as a second method of estimating monthly mean concentrations and, thus, utilize a large specific-conductance data base. </p><p>Information about the quantity and the quality of ground water discharging to the Sheyenne River is needed for model input for reaches of the river where ground water accounts for a substantial part of streamflow during periods of low flow. Ground-water discharge was identified for two reaches of the Sheyenne River. Ground-water discharge to the Sheyenne River in the vicinity of Warwick, N.Dak., was about 14.8 cubic feet per second and the estimated dissolved-solids concentration was about 441 milligrams per liter during October 15 and 16, 1986. Ground-water discharge to the Sheyenne River in a reach between Lisbon and Kindred, N.Dak., ranged from an average of 25.3 cubic feet per second during September 13 to November 19, 1963, to about 45.0 cubic feet per second during October 21 and 22, 1986. Dissolved-solids concentration was estimated at about 442 milligrams per liter during October 21 and 22, 1986.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914086","usgsCitation":"Guenthner, R., 1991, Methods for estimating monthly mean concentrations of selected water-quality constituents for stream sites in the Red River of the North basin, North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4086, Report: viii, 113 p.; Plate: 21.56 x 16.03 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914086.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 113 p.; Plate: 21.56 x 16.03 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56308,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4086/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56309,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guenthner, R. S.","contributorId":31433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenthner","given":"R. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38447,"text":"pp1406C - 1991 - Geochemistry of ground water in alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of Nevada, New Mexico, and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:00","indexId":"pp1406C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1406","chapter":"C","title":"Geochemistry of ground water in alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of Nevada, New Mexico, and California","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotope analyses of ground water from 28 basins in the Basin and Range physiographic province of Arizona and parts of adjacent States were used to evaluate ground-water quality, determine processes that control ground-water chemistry, provide independent insight into the hydrologic flow system, and develop information transfer. The area is characterized by north- to northwest-trending mountains separated by alluvial basins that form a regional topography of alternating mountains and valleys. On the basis of ground-water divides or zones of minimal basin interconnection, the area was divided into 72 basins, each representing an individual aquifer system. These systems are joined in a dendritic pattern and collectively constitute the major water resource in the region. \r\n\r\nGeochemical models were developed to identify reactions and mass transfer responsible for the chemical evolution of the ground water. On the basis of mineralogy and chemistry of the two major rock associations of the area, a felsic model and a mafic model were developed to illustrate geologic, climatic, and physiographic effects on ground-water chemistry. Two distinct hydrochemical processes were identified: (1) reactions of meteoric water with minerals and gases in recharge areas and (2) reactions of ground water as it moves down the hydraulic gradient. Reactions occurring in recharge and downgradient areas can be described by a 13-component system. Major reactions are the dissolution and precipitation of calcite and dolomite, the weathering of feldspars and ferromagnesian minerals, the formation of montmorillonite, iron oxyhydroxides, and probably silica, and, in some basins, ion exchange. \r\n\r\nThe geochemical modeling demonstrated that relatively few phases are required to derive the ground-water chemistry; 14 phases-12 mineral and 2 gas-consistently account for the chemical evolution in each basin. The final phases were selected through analysis of X-ray diffraction and fluorescence data, aqueous speciation and saturation data, and mass-balance and isotopic constraints and through chemical models developed from mineral combinations among the 27 phases that were considered realistic in these geologically and mineralogically complex basins. X-ray diffraction of basin-fill sediments confirm the presence of the postulated minerals and their weathering sequences. \r\n\r\nHigh partial pressures of soil CO2 and large concentrations of dissolved CO2 in recharge areas, and the rapid depletion of CO2 downgradient, accompanied by high weathering rates of the silicates which also decrease downgradient, indicate that carbonic acid is the impetus in the weathering process. Reactions in the soil zone and the unsaturated zone are influential and, in some instances, are as important as the mineralogy of the source rock in determining ground-water compositions. \r\n\r\nThe basins can be divided geochemically into two general categories-closed systems, which evolve under closed hydrologic conditions, and open systems, which are open to CO2 and other constituents along the flow path. The ground-water chemistry of the unconfined aquifers in the eastern part of the study area and of the aquifers underlying the flood plain along the Colorado River generally evolves under open conditions. The ground-water chemistry of most basins in the central and western parts and of the confined aquifers in the eastern part evolves under closed conditions. The factors that determine whether a basin is an open or closed system are the amount of and the spatial and seasonal distribution of annual precipitation and the presence or absence of fine-grained confining units. \r\n\r\nThe basins along the Colorado River are unique among basins in the region. Virtually all ground water underlying the flood plain originated as seepage or overbank flow from the Colorado River. Initial deuterium content of about -120 per mil is indicative of precipitation from the central part of Colorado. Using chemical m","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1406C","usgsCitation":"Robertson, F.N., 1991, Geochemistry of ground water in alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of Nevada, New Mexico, and California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1406, p. C1-C90, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1406C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1406c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1406c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aad69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Frederick N.","contributorId":108160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4702,"text":"twri06A2 - 1991 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14618,"text":"ofr88482 - 1988 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"ofr88482","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4702,"text":"twri06A2 - 1991 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A2","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri06A2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A2","title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"Removal of ground water by pumping from aquifers may result in compaction of compressible fine-grained beds that are within or adjacent to the aquifers. Compaction of the sediments and resulting land subsidence may be permanent if the head declines result in vertical stresses beyond the previous maximum stress. The process of permanent compaction is not routinely included in simulations of ground-water flow. To simulate storage changes from both elastic and inelastic compaction, a computer program was written for use with the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground- water flow model. The new program, the Interbed-Storage Package, is designed to be incorporated into this model.\r\nIn the Interbed-Storage Package, elastic compaction or expansion is assumed to be proportional to change in head. The constant of proportionality is the product of the skeletal component of elastic specific storage and the thickness of the sediments. Similarly, inelastic compaction is assumed to be proportional to decline in head. The constant of proportionality is the product of the skeletal component of inelastic specific storage and the thickness of the sediments. Storage changes are incorporated into the ground-water flow model by adding an additional term to the right-hand side of the flow equation. Within a model time step, the package appropriately apportions storage changes between elastic and inelastic components on the basis of the relation of simulated head to the previous minimum (preconsolidation) head.\r\nTwo tests were performed to verify that the package works correctly. The first test compared model-calculated storage and compaction changes to hand-calculated values for a three-dimensional simulation. Model and hand-calculated values were essentially equal. The second test was performed to compare the results of the Interbed-Storage Package with results of the one-dimensional Helm compaction model. This test problem simulated compaction in doubly draining confining beds stressed by head changes in adjacent aquifers. The Interbed-Storage Package and the Helm model computed essentially equal values of compaction.\r\nDocumentation of the Interbed-Storage Package includes data input instructions, flow charts, narratives, and listings for each of the five modules included in the package. The documentation also includes an appendix describing input instructions and a listing of a computer program for time-variant specified-head boundaries. That package was developed to reduce the amount of data input and output associated with one of the Interbed-Storage Package test problems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/twri06A2","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Prudic, D.E., 1991, Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A2, vii, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A2.","productDescription":"vii, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri6a2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c08f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54413,"text":"wdrCA902 - 1991 - Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1990. Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-01T01:01:51","indexId":"wdrCA902","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-90-2","title":"Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1990. Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1990 water year for. California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 2 contains discharge records for 125 streamflow-gaging stations and 1 low-flow partial-record station; stage and contents for 7 lakes and reservoirs; precipitation records for 4 stations; and water-quality records for 29 streamflow-gaging stations and 10 water-quality partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA902","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Shelton, W., Trujillo, L., Markham, K., and Palmer, J.R., 1991, Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1990. Volume 2. Pacific Slope Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-90-2, v., 345 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA902.","productDescription":"v., 345 p.","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_ca_90_2.jpg"},{"id":260084,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1990/ca-90/WDR-1990-vol2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,35 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -119.83333333333333,42 ], [ -119.83333333333333,35 ], [ -124.4,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, W.F.","contributorId":48241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trujillo, L.F.","contributorId":71959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trujillo","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":250280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markham, K.L.","contributorId":14041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, J. R.","contributorId":83559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":56,"text":"wsp2380 - 1991 - Geochemical relations and distribution of selected trace elements in ground water of the northern part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17129,"text":"ofr90108 - 1991 - Geochemical relations and distribution of selected trace elements in ground water of the northern part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"ofr90108","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical relations and distribution of selected trace elements in ground water of the northern part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":56,"text":"wsp2380 - 1991 - Geochemical relations and distribution of selected trace elements in ground water of the northern part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2380","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical relations and distribution of selected trace elements in ground water of the northern part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp2380","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2380","title":"Geochemical relations and distribution of selected trace elements in ground water of the northern part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 44 wells in the northern part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California, between March and July 1985 to assess the geochemical relations and distribution of major ions and selected trace-element concentrations in ground water of the area. The ground-waterflow system consists of a semiconfined zone and a confined zone separated by a regionally extensive clay bed. \r\n\r\nThe data show that the areal and vertical distribution of ground-water chemistry in the ground-water-flow system has been affected by different agricultural and natural sources of recharge and the source and redox status of the sediments. Tritium and stable-isotope data indicate extensive infiltration of the semiconfined zone by post-1952 irrigation water originating as runoff from the Sierra Nevada. Tritium concentrations greater than 2 tritium units in most samples from the confined zone indicate that the post-1952 water also has infiltrated to wells completed in this zone. Stable-isotope data indicate that ground water from the semiconfined zone, characterized by the enriched oxygen-18 that is indicative of a Coast Ranges source, occurs in many wells in the confined zone. Movement of water from the semiconfined zone to the confined zone likely is taking place by downward flow through the many wells that perforate the confining clay bed. \r\n\r\nTrace-element concentrations in the semiconfined and confined zones generally are similar. In contrast, concentrations were significantly different between ground water from Coast Ranges sediments and ground water from Sierra Nevada sediments in both zones. Ground water from Coast Ranges sediments contains significantly higher concentrations of nitrate, boron, and selenium than water from Sierra Nevada sediments. Ground water from Sierra Nevada sediments was significantly higher in arsenic, molybdenum, and manganese than ground water from Coast Ranges sediments. These differences result from a combination of variable availability of the constituents and redox controls on mobility. \r\n\r\nSelenium, the only priority pollutant to exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's drinking-water standard, equaled or exceeded the standard of 10 micrograms per liter in water from two wells completed in the semiconfined zone and one well in the confined zone. The conservative nature of selenium behavior in the oxidized Coast Ranges deposits is shown by the high correlation (r=0.88) between selenium concentrations and specific conductance in water from these deposits in the semiconfined zone. High selenium concentrations in both zones are spatially related to the location of Coast Ranges streams that have high selenium concentrations and that were historical sources of recharge to the zones. \r\n\r\nPrincipal-component analysis confirmed the association of boron, chromium, lithium, and selenium, and the association of arsenic, iron, manganese, and molybdenum to sediments in the study area. The analysis indicated that the first group is associated with Coast Ranges sediments and the second with Sierra Nevada sediments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wsp2380","usgsCitation":"Dubrovsky, N.M., Neil, J.M., Welker, M.C., and Evenson, K.D., 1991, Geochemical relations and distribution of selected trace elements in ground water of the northern part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2380, vii, 51 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2380.","productDescription":"vii, 51 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2380/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24691,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2380/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":141886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neil, John M.","contributorId":13957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neil","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welker, Mary C.","contributorId":98703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evenson, Kristin D.","contributorId":42943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":17639,"text":"ofr91514 - 1991 - Review of water demand and water utilization studies for the Provo River drainage basin, and review of a study of the effects of the proposed Jordanelle Reservoir on seepage to underground mines, Bonneville unit of the central Utah project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T20:16:49.984532","indexId":"ofr91514","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-514","title":"Review of water demand and water utilization studies for the Provo River drainage basin, and review of a study of the effects of the proposed Jordanelle Reservoir on seepage to underground mines, Bonneville unit of the central Utah project","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Problem:&nbsp;</strong>Questions have been raised concerning the adequacy of available water to fulfill the needs of storage, exchanges, diversions, and instream flows, pursuant to existing water rights in the Provo River drainage basin part of the Bonneville Unit. Also, concern has been expressed about the potential for seepage of water from Jordanelle Reservoir to underground mines. The Utah Congressional Delegation requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) review the results of analyses performed by and for the USBR.</p><p><strong>Purpose and Scope:</strong>&nbsp;The purpose of this report is to present the results of the USGS review of (1) the hydrologic data, techniques, and model used by the USBR in their hydrologic analyses of the Provo River drainage basin and (2) the results of a study of the potential for seepage from the Jordanelle Reservoir to nearby underground mines.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p><p>The USGS reviewed USBR-supplied water demands, water utilization studies, and models of seepage from Jordanelle Reservoir. The USBR estimated that about 90 percent of the water supply for Jordanelle Reservoir will be water from Strawberry Reservoir exchanged for water from the Provo River stored in Utah Lake. If the Utah State Engineer allows the USBR to claim an estimated 19,700 acre-feet of return flows from the CUP, only about 77 percent of the supply would be derived from exchange of existing water rights in Utah Lake. The USGS assumed that planned importations of water from the Uinta Basin will be available and deliverable to fulfill the proposed exchanges.</p><p>Water rights and demands are important for determining water availability. The USGS did not conduct an independent review of water rights and demands. The USSR and Utah Division of Water Rights use different methods in some areas for determining stress on the system based on past records. The USSR used \"historical observed diversions\" and the Utah Division of Water Rights use \"diversion entitlements\", which may not be equal to the historical diversions. The USGS based its review upon water demands used by the USSR. The Utah Division of Water Rights has responsibility for granting and enforcing water rights, and the final decisions on how the rights will be adjudicated lies with the Utah Division of Water Rights and with the courts. The USGS review did not consider the draft water distribution plan for the Utah Lake drainage basin proposed by the Utah State Engineer (written commun., October 15,1991). This plan, when finalized, may have an effect on water availability to the CUP. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr91514","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Freethey, G., Susong, D., and Pyper, G., 1991, Review of water demand and water utilization studies for the Provo River drainage basin, and review of a study of the effects of the proposed Jordanelle Reservoir on seepage to underground mines, Bonneville unit of the central Utah project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-514, iii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91514.","productDescription":"iii, 111 p.","numberOfPages":"116","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18156.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":46836,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0514/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0514/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Provo River drainage basin, proposed Jordanelle Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.661,\n              40.196\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.875,\n              40.196\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.875,\n              40.754\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.661,\n              40.754\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.661,\n              40.196\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freethey, G. W.","contributorId":105714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"G. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, D. D.","contributorId":12868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pyper, G. E.","contributorId":35337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyper","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29561,"text":"wri914040 - 1991 - The computer program estimate trend (ESTREND), a system for the detection of trends in water-quality data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri914040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4040","title":"The computer program estimate trend (ESTREND), a system for the detection of trends in water-quality data","docAbstract":"Computerized statistical and graphical procedures were developed for use in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigations of trend in stream water-quality data. These procedures, identified as EStimate TREND (ESTREND), are described in this paper to assist USGS investigators involved in multiple-station studies of water-quality trends. Additional discussion focuses on certain statistical and operational decisions required in multiple-station analysis of trends. The statistical methods used in ESTREND overcome common statistical problems encountered by conventional statistical trend techniques in the analysis of water-quality data. The problems include data that are non-normal and seasonally varying and water-quality records with missing values, 'less-than' (censored) values, and outliers, all of which adversely affect the performance of conventional statistical techniques. Parametric and nonparametric statistical trend tests are used in ESTREND. A nonparametric method, the Seasonal Kendall test, is used for data that have few less-than values or data that have been censored at only one reporting limit. A parametric test for trend involving a maximum likelihood estimation method is used for data that have been censored at multiple reporting limits. The Seasonal Kendall test for uncensored data allows for the removal of flow variability in water-quality data which improves the performance of the statistical trend tests. Menu-driven procedures in ESTREND allow the user to easily retrieve water-quality data, analyze data for trend, and view tabular and graphical results of analyses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914040","usgsCitation":"Schertz, T.L., Alexander, R.B., and Ohe, D.J., 1991, The computer program estimate trend (ESTREND), a system for the detection of trends in water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4040, v, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914040.","productDescription":"v, 63 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2386,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohe, Dane J. djohe@usgs.gov","contributorId":5446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohe","given":"Dane","email":"djohe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31066,"text":"wsp2370B - 1991 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12080,"text":"ofr88715 - 1989 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","indexId":"ofr88715","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":31066,"text":"wsp2370B - 1991 - Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2370B","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"wsp2370B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2370","chapter":"B","title":"Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"Owens Valley, a long, narrow valley located along the east flank of the Sierra Nevada in east-central California, is the main source of water for the city of Los Angeles. The city diverts most of the surface water in the valley into the Owens River-Los Angeles Aqueduct system, which transports the water more than 200 miles south to areas of distribution and use. Additionally, ground water is pumped or flows from wells to supplement the surface-water diversions to the river-aqueduct system. Pumpage from wells needed to supplement water export has increased since 1970, when a second aqueduct was put into service, and local concerns have been expressed that the increased pumpage may have had a detrimental effect on the environment and the indigenous alkaline scrub and meadow plant communities in the valley. The scrub and meadow communities depend on soil moisture derived from precipitation and the unconfined part of a multilayered aquifer system. This report, which describes the hydrogeology of the aquifer system and the water resources of the valley, is one in a series designed to (1) evaluate the effects that groundwater pumping has on scrub and meadow communities and (2) appraise alternative strategies to mitigate any adverse effects caused by, pumping. \r\n\r\nTwo principal topographic features are the surface expression of the geologic framework--the high, prominent mountains on the east and west sides of the valley and the long, narrow intermountain valley floor. The mountains are composed of sedimentary, granitic, and metamorphic rocks, mantled in part by volcanic rocks as well as by glacial, talus, and fluvial deposits. The valley floor is underlain by valley fill that consists of unconsolidated to moderately consolidated alluvial fan, transition-zone, glacial and talus, and fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The valley fill also includes interlayered recent volcanic flows and pyroclastic rocks. The bedrock surface beneath the valley fill is a narrow, steep-sided graben that is structurally separated into the Bishop Basin to the north and the Owens Lake Basin to the south. These two structural basins are separated by (1) a bedrock high that is the upper bedrock block of an east-west normal fault, (2) a horst block of bedrock (the Poverty Hills), and (3) Quaternary basalt flows and cinder cones that intercalate and intrude the sedimentary deposits of the valley fill. The resulting structural separation of the basins allowed separate development of fluvial and lacustrine depositional systems in each basin. \r\n\r\nNearly all the ground water in Owens Valley flows through and is stored in the saturated valley fill. The bedrock, which surrounds and underlies the valley fill, is virtually impermeable. Three hydrogeologic units compose the valley-fill aquifer system, a defined subdivision of the ground-water system, and a fourth represents the valley fill below the aquifer system and above the bedrock. The aquifer system is divided into horizontal hydrogeologic units on the basis of either (1) uniform hydrologic characteristics of a specific lithologic layer or (2) distribution of the vertical hydraulic head. Hydrogeologic unit 1 is the upper unit and represents the unconfined part of the system, hydrogeologic unit 2 represents the confining unit (or units), and hydrogeologic unit 3 represents the confined part of the aquifer system. Hydrogeologic unit 4 represents the deep part of the ground-water system and lies below the aquifer system. Hydrogeologic unit 4 transmits or stores much less water than hydrogeologic unit 3 and represents either a moderately consolidated valley fill or a geologic unit in the valley fill defined on the basis of geophysical data. \r\n\r\nNearly all the recharge to the aquifer system is from infiltration of runoff from snowmelt and rainfall on the Sierra Nevada. In contrast, little recharge occurs to the system by runoff from the White and Inyo Mountains or from direct precipitation on the valley floor. Ground wat","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2370B","usgsCitation":"Hollett, K.J., Danskin, W.R., McCaffrey, W.F., and Walti, C.L., 1991, Geology and water resources of Owens Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2370, 77 p. 2 plates n pocket. Supercedes Open-file report 88-715., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2370B.","productDescription":"77 p. 2 plates n pocket. Supercedes Open-file report 88-715.","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247342,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370b/plate-1.pdf","size":"3064","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247343,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370b/plate-2.pdf","size":"3753","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59626,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollett, Kenneth J.","contributorId":40580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollett","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCaffrey, William F.","contributorId":99155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walti, Caryl L.","contributorId":64698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walti","given":"Caryl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26327,"text":"wri914024 - 1991 - Geohydrology and quality of water in aquifers in Lucas, Sandusky, and Wood counties, northwestern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri914024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4024","title":"Geohydrology and quality of water in aquifers in Lucas, Sandusky, and Wood counties, northwestern Ohio","docAbstract":"The hydrology and quality of ground water were evaluated for the surficial sand and carbonate aquifers in northwestern Ohio. A locally important surficial sand aquifer in western Lucas County was evaluated on the basis of data from 10 wells completed in undeveloped and developed areas. The carbonate aquifer in Silurian and Devonian bedrock at its northernmost extent on the Ohio mainland was evaluated on the basis of data from previous studies and data from 466 wells and 11 springs. Most data are for the period 1985-88.\r\n\r\nThe unconfined surficial sand aquifer is less than 50 ft. (feet) thick. Clay-rich drift, which restricts vertical movement of water, underlines the aquifer. Recharge is from precipitation, and discharge is by evapotranspiration and by flow to local streams and drainage ditches. Water levels are generally 2 to 8 ft. below land surface and fluctuate a total of about 3.5 ft. seasonally in a forested area. Concentrations of iron and manganese in ground water are excessive in some areas. Waters from shallow drive-point wells in residential areas contained larger concentrations of dissolved solids, hardness, sodium, and chloride than did waters from identical wells in undeveloped areas. The presence of nitrate nitrogen an other selected constituents in ground water in residential areas, and the absence of these constituents in ground water in undeveloped areas, indicate that the surficial sand aquifer has been affected by development.\r\n\r\nIn carbonate aquifer, fractures, bedding-plane joints, and other secondary openings are the principal water-bearing zones. These zones can be areally and stratigraphically separated by low-permeability rock. Leaky artesian or semiconfined conditions predominate beneath most of the 1,400-mi? study area. The aquifer is confined by relatively impermeable underlying shale of Silurian age and overlying clay-rich drift of Quaternary age. Unproductive strata, including evaporites, within the sequence of carbonate rocks also confine some water-bearing zones.\r\n\r\nThe carbonate aquifer is part of a regional ground-water-flow system; however, subsystems such as the eastern karst and central outcrops are locally important. The potentiometric surface indicates that recharge from areas south and west of the study area flows toward discharge areas along major rivers (Maumee, Portage, and Sandusky) , to a buried bedrock valley in central Sandusky County, and to springs and flowing wells. The potentiometric surface flattens markedly near the southern shore of Lake Erie, where ground-water levels approximate those of the lake, indicating a hydraulic connection between the lake and the aquifer. Hydrogeologic characteristics and water-quality data indicate that Lake Erie is not a major source of recharge to the aquifer. Ground-water ages inferred from tritium concentrations and potentiometric-surface maps indicate that recharge from precipitation enters the aquifer by subsurface drainage in karstified strata in eastern Sandusky County and by infiltration in shallow bedrock areas where drift is less than 20 ft. thick.\r\n\r\nThe quality of water in the carbonate aquifer is described with reference to 52 properties and constituents that characterize chemical, radiochemical, bacteriologic, and physical conditions. Ground-water samples from 135 wells and 11 springs are used in the characterization. On the basis of these data, water from the aquifer is generally suitable for drinking and for most domestic purposes. The most areally widespread aesthtic factors limiting the use of ground water are hardness, concentrations of dissolved solids, sulfate and iron, and the presence of hydrogen sulfide.\r\n\r\nSelected bacteria are commonly present and may compromise the potability of water from the aquifer. Coliform bacteria from surface sources were found in 47 of 143 water samples. Analyses for total coliform bacteria indicate that 36 of the 125 samples from wells maintained for potable supply have bacteria counts of 4 ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914024","usgsCitation":"Breen, K.J., and Dumouchelle, D., 1991, Geohydrology and quality of water in aquifers in Lucas, Sandusky, and Wood counties, northwestern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4024, xix, 234 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914024.","productDescription":"xix, 234 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55116,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55117,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55118,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55119,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55120,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55121,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55122,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55123,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55124,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55125,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55115,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4024/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breen, K. J.","contributorId":44176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumouchelle, D.H.","contributorId":83144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54683,"text":"wdrMI901 - 1991 - Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-10T14:28:18","indexId":"wdrMI901","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MI-90-1","title":"Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1990","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1990 water year for Michigan consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water temperature of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 146 streamflow-gaging stations; stage only records for 1 river-gaging station and 13 lake-gaging stations; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality records for 22 streamflow-gaging stations; water-level records for 51 observation wells; and water-temperature records for 5 observation wells. Also included are 46 crest-stage partial-record stations and 8 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 63 measuring sites and 22 water-quality sampling sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Michigan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrMI901","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Blumer, S.P., Larson, W., Minnerick, R., Whited, C., and LeuVoy, R., 1991, Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MI-90-1, ix, 281 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMI901.","productDescription":"ix, 281 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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P.","contributorId":23938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, W.W.","contributorId":27922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minnerick, R. J.","contributorId":52255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minnerick","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whited, C.R.","contributorId":49387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whited","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeuVoy, R.L.","contributorId":56706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeuVoy","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":20728,"text":"ofr9164 - 1991 - Hydrology of the Texas Gulf Coast aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T12:21:16","indexId":"ofr9164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-64","title":"Hydrology of the Texas Gulf Coast aquifer systems","docAbstract":"<p>A complex, multilayered ground-water flow system exists in the Coastal Plain sediments of Texas. The Tertiary and Quaternary clastic deposits have an areal extent of 114,000 square miles onshore and in the Gulf of Mexico. Two distinct aquifer systems are recognized within the sediments, which range in thickness from a few feet to more than 12,000 feet The older system--the Texas coastal uplands aquifer system-consists of four aquifers and two confining units in the Claiborne and Wilcox Groups. It is underlain by the practically impermeable Midway confining unit or by the top of the geopressured zone. It is overlain by the nearly impermeable Vicksburg-Jackson confining unit, which separates it from the younger coastal lowlands aquifer system. The coastal lowlands aquifer system consists of five permeable zones and two confining units that range in age from Oligocene to Holocene. The hydrogeologic units of both systems are exposed in bands that parallel the coastline. The units dip and thicken toward the Gulf. Quality of water in the aquifer systems is highly variable, with dissolved solids ranging from less than 500 to 150,000 milligrams per liter.</p><p>Substantial withdrawal from the aquifer systems began in the early 1900's and increased nearly continuously into the 1970's. The increase in withdrawal was relatively rapid from about 1940 to 1970. Adverse hydrologic effects, such as saltwater encroachment in coastal areas, land-surface subsidence in the Houston-Galveston area, and long-term dewatering in the Whiter Garden area, were among some of the factors that caused pumping increases to slow or to cease in the 1970's and 1980's.</p><p>Ground-water withdrawals in the study area in 1980 were about 1.7 billion gallons per day. Nearly all of the withdrawal was from four units: Permeable zones A, B, and C of Miocene age and younger, and the lower Claiborae-upper Wilcox aquifer. Ground-water levels have declined hundreds of feet in the intensively pumped areas of Houston-Galveston, Kingsville, Winter Garden, and Lufkin-Nacogdoches. Water-level declines have caused inelastic compaction of clays which, in turn, has resulted in land-surface subsidence of more than one foot in an area of about 2,000 square miles. Maximum subsidence of nearly 10 feet occurs in the Pasadena area east of Houston.</p><p>A three-dimensional, variable-density digital model was developed to simulate predevelopment and transient flow in the aquifer systems. The modeled area is larger than the study area, and includes adjacent parts of Louisiana and Mexico. The transient model calibration period was from 1910 (predevelopment) to 1982. Model-generated head distributions, water-level hydrographs, and land-surface subsidence were matched to measured data in selected, intensively pumped areas.</p><p>For the study area, mean horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the calibrated model ranges from 10 feet per day for the middle Wilcox aquifer to 25 feet per day for permeable zone A. Mean transmissivity ranges from about 4,600 feet squared per day for the middle Claiborne aquifer to about 10,400 feet squared per day for permeable zone D. Mean vertical hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1.1x10<sup>-5</sup> feet per day for the Vicksburg-Jackson confining unit, to 3.8x10<sup>-3</sup> feet per day for permeable zone A. Mean values of calibrated storage coefficient range from 52x10<sup>-4</sup> for the middle Claiborne aquifer to 1.7x10<sup>-3</sup> for the middle Wilcox aquifer and permeable zone C. Calibrated inelastic specific storage values for clay beds in permeable zones A, B, and C in the Houston-Galveston area are 8.5x10<sup>-5</sup>, 8.0x10<sup>-5</sup>, and 8.0x10<sup>-6</sup> feet<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. These values are 85, 80, and 8 times greater than the estimated elastic specific storage value for the clays in permeable zones A, B, and C, respectively.</p><p>Recharge rates were mapped for predevelopment conditions as determined from a steady-state model calibration. A maximum rate of 3 inches per year was simulated in small areas, and the average rate for the study area was 034 inch per year. Total simulated recharge was 85 million cubic feet per day in the outcrop area. Recharge was equal to discharge in outcrop areas (79 million cubic feet per day) plus net lateral flow out of the study area (6 million cubic feet per day).</p><p>Rates of inflow and outflow to the ground-water system have nearly tripled from predevelopment to 1982 (85 to 276 million cubic feet per day) based on model simulation. Withdrawal of 231 million cubic feet per day was supplied principally by an increase in outcrop recharge and, to a lesser extent, from a decrease in natural discharge and release of water from storage in aquifers and compacting clay beds. The average simulated 1982 recharge rate for the study area was 0.52 inch per year, with a maximum simulated rate of 6 inches per year in Jackson and Wharton Counties.</p><p>Because withdrawal has caused problems such as saltwater intrusion, land-surface subsidence, and aquifer dewatering, the Texas Department of Water Resources has projected that ground-water use will decline substantially in most of the study area by the year 2030. Some areas remain favorable for development of additional ground-water supplies. Pumping from older units that are farther inland and in areas where potential recharge is greater will minimize adverse hydrologic effects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr9164","usgsCitation":"Ryder, P.D., and Ardis, A.F., 1991, Hydrology of the Texas Gulf Coast aquifer systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-64, ix, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9164.","productDescription":"ix, 147 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50282,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0064/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":154171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0064/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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D.","contributorId":60188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ardis, Ann F.","contributorId":96672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29340,"text":"wri914120 - 1991 - Hydrologic provinces of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T11:55:09","indexId":"wri914120","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4120","title":"Hydrologic provinces of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Division, to describe the statewide hydrologic variations in Michigan's water resources. Twelve hydrologic provinces, which are based on similarities in aquifer lithology, yield, recharge, and ground-water- and surface-water-quality data, are described. The definition of statewide hydrologic characteristics and the delineation of hydrologic provinces improves the understanding of Michigan's water resources and provides a firm basis for realistic water-manangement decisions. </p><p>The 12 provinces identified areas where bedrock aquifers provide most of the potable ground water (five provinces), where glacial-deposit aquifers provide most of the potable ground water (three provinces), and where problems with water quantity and (or) quality have limited the use of ground water as a water supply (four provinces). Subprovinces are defined on the basis of regional surface-water flow directions toward each of the Great Lakes. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri914120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Division","usgsCitation":"Rheaume, S.J., 1991, Hydrologic provinces of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4120, Document: viii, 73 p.; Plate: 24.78 x 30.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914120.","productDescription":"Document: viii, 73 p.; Plate: 24.78 x 30.34 inches","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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