As part of the periodic update of the geothermal energy assessments for the USA (e.g., last update by Williams and others, 2008), a new three-dimensional temperature map has been constructed for the Great Basin, USA. Williams and DeAngelo (2011) identified uncertainty in estimates of conductive heat flow near land surface as the largest contributor to uncertainty in previously published temperature maps. The new temperature maps incorporate new conductive heat flow estimates developed by DeAngelo and others (2023). Predicted temperatures at depth are compared with representative measurements (for conductively dominated conditions), showing good agreement under relatively simple uniform conditions. Inputs included radiogenic heat production for all layers of 1.89 μW/m3, effective bulk thermal conductivity of 2.7 W/m/°C for all rocks underlying sedimentary basins, and a previously published (Williams and DeAngelo, 2011) empirically driven estimate of increasing thermal conductivity with depth in sedimentary sequences. The resulting three-dimensional temperature model is published in a USGS data release associated with this manuscript (Burns and others, 2023).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 49th workshop on geothermal reservoir engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"49th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"February 12-14, 2024","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford Geothermal Workshop","usgsCitation":"Burns, E.R., DeAngelo, J., and Williams, C.F., 2024, Updated three-dimensional temperature maps for the Great Basin, USA, in Proceedings of the 49th workshop on geothermal reservoir engineering, Stanford, CA, February 12-14, 2024, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158036","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":426549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/IGAstandard/record_detail.php?id=36304"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.1678252423948,\n 34.95930930933167\n ],\n [\n -112.13481296270123,\n 36.38011070446173\n ],\n [\n -110.41839315886372,\n 39.724144797392114\n ],\n [\n -111.71560833919142,\n 41.53235529739101\n ],\n [\n -111.42411871894447,\n 43.51066554918043\n ],\n [\n -114.37594318706135,\n 43.98121176013663\n ],\n [\n -116.31862299441079,\n 42.72836632941687\n ],\n [\n -119.85738414099404,\n 43.39318722988335\n ],\n [\n -121.46376336575122,\n 42.21714661857473\n ],\n [\n -121.06118635706744,\n 39.6313773486587\n ],\n [\n -118.96617577098581,\n 37.07912459245523\n ],\n [\n -115.1678252423948,\n 34.95930930933167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Erick R. 0000-0002-1747-0506 eburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":192154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Erick","email":"eburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelo, Jacob 0000-0002-7348-7839 jdeangelo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-7839","contributorId":237879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelo","given":"Jacob","email":"jdeangelo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70252064,"text":"70252064 - 2024 - Sea turtle density surface models along the United States Atlantic coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-12T14:58:09.654368","indexId":"70252064","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-29T09:38:46","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea turtle density surface models along the United States Atlantic coast","docAbstract":"Spatially explicit estimates of marine species distribution and abundance are required to quantify potential impacts from human activities such as military training and testing, fisheries interactions, and offshore energy development. There are 4 protected species of sea turtle (loggerhead, green, Kemp’s ridley, and leatherback) commonly found along the east coast of the USA, our study area, and which require impact assessments. Data from 7 different survey organizations were used to create density surface models for the 4 sea turtle species utilizing 1.2 million km of line-transect surveys. A substantial portion (29.7%) of available sightings were not identified to the species level. Not including these sightings would underestimate density, so a conditional random forest model was used to assign unidentified sightings to species. Higher densities of loggerhead, green, and Kemp’s ridley sea turtles were predicted south of the Outer Banks in cool months, transitioning northwards in late spring to occupy seasonal neritic habitats. The highest leatherback densities were predicted off the coasts of Georgia and Florida. Leatherbacks were also predicted throughout offshore areas. The predicted distribution patterns generally matched satellite tracking and strandings data, indicating the models reproduced established seasonal movements. Surveys rarely detect sea turtles smaller than 40 cm, so these age classes are not represented. The models are the first for the study area to apply availability bias estimates developed in or near the study area and attempt to classify unidentified sightings to the species level, providing an updated, critical tool for conservation management along the eastern seaboard.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/esr01298","usgsCitation":"DiMatteo, A., Roberts, J.J., Jones-Farrand, D.T., Garrison, L., Hart, K., Kenney, R.D., McLellan, W.A., Lomac-MacNair, K., Palka, D., Rickard, M.E., Roberts, K., Zoidis, A.M., and Sparks, L., 2024, Sea turtle density surface models along the United States Atlantic coast: Endangered Species Research, v. 53, p. 227-245, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01298.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"245","ipdsId":"IP-154482","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01298","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -57.93627018077767,\n 46.35190712057363\n ],\n [\n -63.06317767562888,\n 48.071961216623635\n ],\n [\n -71.30344277897166,\n 43.13946856546261\n ],\n [\n -71.80832999327407,\n 41.862600860703395\n ],\n [\n -74.50295610940375,\n 40.814804466010116\n ],\n [\n -76.87672546434797,\n 39.666220426927055\n ],\n [\n -77.10004487486839,\n 35.93970224582324\n ],\n [\n -81.71588138883396,\n 31.544829146262018\n ],\n [\n -80.60117913786426,\n 26.310207631307307\n ],\n [\n -81.06912455364952,\n 25.83857941124684\n ],\n [\n -82.70465928026937,\n 29.11226261565656\n ],\n [\n -83.63137912414963,\n 30.41405891714605\n ],\n [\n -87.16972564675274,\n 30.306755223785572\n ],\n [\n -83.87424700132446,\n 27.063066500883522\n ],\n [\n -82.83132577671518,\n 23.770525785543356\n ],\n [\n -80.574320123905,\n 24.06588592956416\n ],\n [\n -79.30071206924853,\n 26.25623333516093\n ],\n [\n -79.48694740536136,\n 31.343635783809773\n ],\n [\n -74.30210816483918,\n 34.877155333197436\n ],\n [\n -57.93627018077767,\n 46.35190712057363\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiMatteo, Andrew","contributorId":334722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiMatteo","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80216,"text":"McLaughlin Research Corporation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Jason J.","contributorId":334723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones-Farrand, D. Todd","contributorId":217894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones-Farrand","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":39711,"text":"Gulf-Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrison, Lance","contributorId":244391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrison","given":"Lance","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Kristen 0000-0002-5257-7974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":220333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kenney, Robert D.","contributorId":334724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenney","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McLellan, William A.","contributorId":334725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLellan","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lomac-MacNair, Kate","contributorId":334726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lomac-MacNair","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80218,"text":"Tetra Tech and Cetos Research Organization","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Palka, Debra","contributorId":334727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palka","given":"Debra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80220,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rickard, Meghan E.","contributorId":334728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rickard","given":"Meghan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":80221,"text":"New York Natural Heritage Program, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Roberts, Kelsey E. 0000-0001-8422-632X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8422-632X","contributorId":176734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Kelsey E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":896421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zoidis, Ann M.","contributorId":334729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zoidis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":80218,"text":"Tetra Tech and Cetos Research Organization","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sparks, L.","contributorId":334730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65980,"text":"Naval Undersea Warfare Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70256059,"text":"70256059 - 2024 - MTAB 107, February 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-18T14:28:30.761492","indexId":"70256059","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-29T09:21:50","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13451,"text":"Memo to All Banders (MTAB)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"MTAB 107, February 2024","docAbstract":"This Memo to All Banders (MTAB 107) was released in February 2024. Subjects in this this memo are 1. The Chief’s Chirp; 2. Alerts – Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and reminder that banders cannot submit data through Bandit, only manage data; 3. Staff updates – meeting reports; 4. News – Golden-winged Warbler Banding; 5. A note from the permitting shelves – double-check your permit authorizations and a social media reminder; 6. A note from the supply room – how to return bands to the lab, if needed; 7. Data management – wing/tail/weight measurement updates, recommended data submission timeline, how to retrieve Report to Banders from the Portal; 8. Frequently asked questions – how should I report mortalities?; 9. Auxiliary marker corner – check out our guide to submitting auxiliary marking data!; 10. Banding and encounter highlights; 11. Moments in history – Women in history: notable women at the Bird Banding Lab; 12. Recent Publications; 13. Upcoming events; and 14. Request for information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Harvey, K., 2024, MTAB 107, February 2024: Memo to All Banders (MTAB), 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-163340","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":431212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/media/files/mtab-107-february-2024","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Kyra 0000-0003-4781-1874","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-1874","contributorId":296250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Kyra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":906554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70262167,"text":"70262167 - 2024 - Bird-habitat associations and local-scale vegetation structure in lowland brushlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-15T16:01:49.99293","indexId":"70262167","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-29T08:50:21","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird-habitat associations and local-scale vegetation structure in lowland brushlands","docAbstract":"Brushlands support a diverse suite of bird species, including species of conservation concern in the western Great Lakes region of central North America. Information on how to effectively manage lowland brushlands for birds and associations between breeding birds and local-scale vegetation structure and composition is lacking. We surveyed lowland brushlands from 2016–2018 in Minnesota, USA, to assess bird-habitat associations using avian point-count surveys and fixed-radius vegetation plots. We used Poisson regression models to assess the associations between breeding bird species richness, total abundance, and abundance of frequently detected species (using counts as an index for abundance) to woody stem density and height, patchiness of woody stem density, variation of woody stem height, and number of woody plant species. Sedge wrens (Cistothorus stellaris), the most abundant species, were negatively associated with multiple woody plant metrics and positively associated with patchiness. Common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) were the second-most abundant species and associated with low-stature woody plants (<1 m based on average heights in study sites). Bird species richness, alder flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum), chestnut-sided warblers (Setophaga pensylvanica), swamp sparrows (Melospiza georgiana), veeries (Catharus fuscescens), and yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) increased with woody vegetation height. Chestnut-sided warbler and Nashville warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla) abundances also increased with woody stem density. We suggest that managing lowland brushlands to promote diverse woody plant structure, including tall shrubs and areas with patchy, open herbaceous cover, by implementing temporally and spatially variable disturbance regimes, may benefit bird species that rely on lowland brushlands with a range of vegetation structure requirements.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22568","usgsCitation":"Hawkinson, A., Montgomery, R.A., Roy, C.L., Shartell, L., Andersen, D.E., Stevens, T.K., Knosalla, L., and Frelich, L.E., 2024, Bird-habitat associations and local-scale vegetation structure in lowland brushlands: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 88, no. 4, e22568, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22568.","productDescription":"e22568, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141848","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Aitkin County, Carlton County, St. Louis County","otherGeospatial":"east-central Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.55095209733292,\n 47.81578189067989\n ],\n [\n -93.55095209733292,\n 46.62374994560324\n ],\n [\n -92.13724027549586,\n 46.62374994560324\n ],\n [\n -92.13724027549586,\n 47.81578189067989\n ],\n [\n -93.55095209733292,\n 47.81578189067989\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkinson, Annie J","contributorId":348300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkinson","given":"Annie J","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, Rebecca A.","contributorId":328437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, Charlotte L.","contributorId":274613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"Charlotte","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shartell, Lindsey M.","contributorId":348301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shartell","given":"Lindsey M.","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":199408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David","email":"dea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stevens, Thomas K.","contributorId":333873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":38051,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knosalla, Lori J.","contributorId":348574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knosalla","given":"Lori J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":923594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Frelich, Lee E.","contributorId":179338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frelich","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":923339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70258807,"text":"70258807 - 2024 - Influence of inherited structure on flexural extension in foreland basin systems: Evidence from the northern Arkoma basin and southern Ozark dome, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-26T13:54:59.26177","indexId":"70258807","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-29T08:48:44","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14252,"text":"Earth Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of inherited structure on flexural extension in foreland basin systems: Evidence from the northern Arkoma basin and southern Ozark dome, USA","docAbstract":"Extensional faults are key components of foreland basin systems. They form within the upper crust in response to flexure of the lithosphere and accommodate subsidence within the foredeep and forebulge depozones. Such faults are excellent proxies for orogenic system evolution and control the distribution of natural resources and hazards. However, the spatiotemporal evolution of flexural extension has not been documented previously at a regional scale, thereby limiting our understanding of underlying geodynamic controls. Here, we resolve late Paleozoic flexural extension in the northern Arkoma basin and southern Ozark dome, USA. We synthesize a large database of previous mapping, existing research, subsurface data, and geophysical data into 3D geologic and 2D kinematic models. Mesh surfaces representing several key horizons from the Carboniferous Period (ca. 335-306 Ma) were constructed. These surfaces were built from oil and gas well tops (n = ∼10,000) and surface geologic map contacts using an advanced kriging method. The mesh surfaces are offset by a complex 3D fault network, allowing detailed analysis of along-strike and down-dip variations in fault displacement. Analysis of the 3D model reveals a regular and repeated fault segmentation pattern wherein E-W striking, left- and foreland-stepping en échelon normal faults are segmented by inherited NE striking basement faults. Maximum vertical separation along the E-W normal faults is generally focused between the inherited NE-trending faults. This suggests that the inherited basement faults delocalized extensional strain during late Paleozoic normal faulting. Maximum vertical separation and fault localization may correlate to areas with high-amplitude positive magnetic anomalies interpreted as Mesoproterozoic granitic rocks. Speculative covariance of magnetic anomalies and fault displacements implies that the relatively strong basement granite concentrated stress, leading to localized faulting within the relatively thin sedimentary cover. Lastly, we show that flexural extension migrated southeast to northwest from the Chesterian-Morrowan (ca. 335-319 Ma) to the Desmoinesian (ca. 306 Ma). The migratory flexural extension may be explained by diachronous loading during Pangean assembly, or by synchronous loading but variable load compensation due to inherent factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104715","usgsCitation":"Lutz, B.M., Hudson, M.R., Smith, T.M., Dechesne, M., Spangler, L.R., McCafferty, A.E., Amaral, C.M., Griffis, N.P., and Hirtz, J.A., 2024, Influence of inherited structure on flexural extension in foreland basin systems: Evidence from the northern Arkoma basin and southern Ozark dome, USA: Earth Science Reviews, v. 251, 104715, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104715.","productDescription":"104715, 34 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158572","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104715","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Arkoma basin-Ozark dome","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.86189715961346,\n 36.498606432744694\n ],\n [\n -94.88562385432049,\n 36.498606432744694\n ],\n [\n -94.88562385432049,\n 34.16941702666095\n ],\n [\n -91.86189715961346,\n 34.16941702666095\n ],\n [\n -91.86189715961346,\n 36.498606432744694\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"251","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutz, Brandon Michael 0000-0002-6580-9025","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-9025","contributorId":299272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":64806,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-4447-7989 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4447-7989","contributorId":341982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Tyson Michael 0000-0003-2834-3526","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-3526","contributorId":330276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Tyson","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dechesne, Marieke 0000-0002-4468-7495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-7495","contributorId":213936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechesne","given":"Marieke","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spangler, Leland R. 0000-0002-2223-7047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2223-7047","contributorId":295310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Leland","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amaral, Chelsea Morgan 0000-0003-4632-4097","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-4097","contributorId":313539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amaral","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"Morgan","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Griffis, Neil Patrick 0000-0002-2506-7549","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2506-7549","contributorId":330218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffis","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hirtz, Jaime Ann Megumi 0000-0002-6701-0137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-0137","contributorId":292911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirtz","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann Megumi","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70263570,"text":"70263570 - 2024 - The 2023 US National Seismic Hazard Model: Ground-motion characterization for the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T15:32:35.872261","indexId":"70263570","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-29T08:19:01","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2023 US National Seismic Hazard Model: Ground-motion characterization for the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"We update the ground-motion characterization for the 2023 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States. The update includes the use of new ground-motion models (GMMs) in the Cascadia subduction zone; an adjustment to the central and eastern United States (CEUS) GMMs to reduce misfits with observed data; an updated boundary for the application of GMMs for shallow, crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions (i.e. western United States (WUS)) and stable continental regions (i.e. CEUS); and the use of improved models for the site response of deep sedimentary basins in the WUS and CEUS. Site response updates include basin models for the California Great Valley and for the Portland and Tualatin basins, Oregon, as well as long-period basin effects from three-dimensional simulations in the Greater Los Angeles region and in the Seattle basin; in the CEUS, we introduce a broadband (0.01- to 10-s period) amplification model for the effects of the passive-margin basins of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains. In addition, we summarize progress on implementing rupture directivity models into seismic hazard models, although they are not incorporated in the 2023 NSHM. We implement the ground-motion characterization for the 2023 NSHM in the US Geological Survey’s code for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, nshmp-haz-v2, and present the sensitivity of hazard to these changes. Hazard calculations indicate widespread effects from adjustments to the CEUS GMMs, from the incorporation of Coastal Plain amplification effects, and from the treatment of shallow-basin and out-of-basin sites in the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles region, as well as locally important changes from subduction-zone GMMs, and from updated and new WUS basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publications","doi":"10.1177/87552930231223995","usgsCitation":"Moschetti, M.P., Aagaard, B.T., Ahdi, S.K., Altekruse, J.M., Boyd, O.S., Frankel, A.D., Herrick, J.A., Petersen, M.D., Powers, P.M., Rezaeian, S., Shumway, A., Smith, J.A., Stephenson, W.J., Thompson, E.M., and Withers, K., 2024, The 2023 US National Seismic Hazard Model: Ground-motion characterization for the conterminous United States: Earthquake Spectra, v. 40, no. 2, p. 1158-1190, https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231223995.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"1158","endPage":"1190","ipdsId":"IP-155703","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231223995","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":927384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahdi, Sean Kamran 0000-0003-0274-5180","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-5180","contributorId":265143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahdi","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"Kamran","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Altekruse, Jason M. 0000-0002-8798-9514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-9514","contributorId":291308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altekruse","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herrick, Julie A. 0000-0003-0682-760X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-760X","contributorId":243649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"Julie","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":927389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Powers, Peter M. 0000-0003-2124-6184 pmpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6184","contributorId":176814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Peter","email":"pmpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":238513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Shumway, Allison 0000-0003-1142-7141 ashumway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-7141","contributorId":147862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shumway","given":"Allison","email":"ashumway@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, James Andrew 0000-0002-5565-9254 jimsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-9254","contributorId":332933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"jimsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":150897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Withers, Kyle 0000-0001-7863-3930","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-3930","contributorId":203492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70250564,"text":"sir20235131 - 2024 - Water resources inventory of the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:31:08.947912","indexId":"sir20235131","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-29T08:10:40","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5131","displayTitle":"Water Resources Inventory of the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, Southeastern Arizona","title":"Water resources inventory of the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Las Cienegas National Conservation Area was established by the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area Establishment Act of 1999 (Public Law 106–538) and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Located in southeastern Arizona, the conservation area contains more than 45,000 acres of rolling grassland, wetlands, and woodlands surrounded by isolated mountain ranges that are part of the Madrean archipelago. This report describes the surface-water and groundwater resources within, and hydrologically connected to, the conservation area.
Two primary aquifers have been identified within the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area: a Quaternary alluvial aquifer and a Miocene to Pliocene basin-fill aquifer. The Quaternary alluvial aquifer consists of Quaternary saturated stream alluvium along Cienega Creek and its major tributaries. This aquifer provides the water necessary for base flow in the perennial stream reaches that support aquatic life and for wetland and riparian habitat along the stream courses. Wells and piezometers completed in the Quaternary alluvial aquifer show both seasonal and daily water-level fluctuation patterns, as well as responses to flood flows in Cienega Creek. The basin-fill aquifer, in contrast, consists chiefly of Miocene to Pliocene alluvium within a sedimentary basin that is at least 4,800 feet deep. This aquifer is developed for anthropogenic uses more often than the Quaternary alluvial aquifer is developed. Generally, water levels in wells completed in the basin-fill aquifer have gradually declined a few feet between 2011, when measurements began, and 2022, when this report was written. Most water-chemistry samples available from the basin-fill aquifer had either a sodium-bicarbonate or calcium-bicarbonate water type. Previous research has shown that most recharge to the basin-fill aquifer likely comes from mountain-front and mountain-block recharge. Research further shows that this aquifer likely provides most of the recharge to the Quaternary alluvial aquifer. Because no production wells completed in bedrock exist within the conservation area, little is known about the hydraulic properties of the bedrock therein, but usable quantities of water can likely be produced from places where the bedrock has highly developed joint or fracture systems.
During 2006–2021, the average combined length of measured perennial stream reaches within the main part of the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area was 6.35 miles. The average annual base flow of Cienega Creek during 2002–2021, estimated with the Standard Base-Flow Index method using data from a streamgage within the conservation area, was 0.62 cubic feet per second. Monthly mean streamflow measured at this streamgage for the same period ranged from a low of 0.29 cubic feet per second (in June) to a high of 9.8 cubic feet per second (in July). The July average is heavily influenced by a flood that occurred in July 2021; the median July streamflow for 2002–2021 is just 0.84 cubic feet per second. Periods with no daily flow are not uncommon at this gage during late May and June.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.P., 2024, Water resources inventory of the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5131, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235131.","productDescription":"vii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-144415","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432298,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X94P5B","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Mason, J.P., 2023, Supplemental groundwater level, spring flow, and streamflow data for the Water Resources Inventory of the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, Southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X94P5B.","linkHelpText":"Supplemental groundwater level, spring flow, and streamflow data for the Water Resources Inventory of the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, Southeastern Arizona"},{"id":423631,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5131/sir20235131.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5131"},{"id":499394,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116143.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425761,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5131/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":423634,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5131/sir20235131.xml"},{"id":423633,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5131/images"},{"id":423632,"rank":2,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235131/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Las Cienegas National Conservation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.778891765439,\n 31.89756957809155\n ],\n [\n -110.778891765439,\n 31.602822981414448\n ],\n [\n -110.36561821653889,\n 31.602822981414448\n ],\n [\n -110.36561821653889,\n 31.89756957809155\n ],\n [\n -110.778891765439,\n 31.89756957809155\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Terrestrial organic matter is believed to play an important role in promoting resilient estuarine food webs, but the inherent interconnectivity of estuarine systems often obscures the origins and importance of these terrestrial inputs. To determine the relative contributions of terrestrial (allochthonous) and aquatic (autochthonous) organic matter to the estuarine food web, we analyzed carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes from multiple trophic levels, environmental strata, and habitats throughout the estuarine habitat mosaic. We used a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (SIMM) to parse out relationships among primary producers, invertebrates, and a pelagic and demersal fish species (juvenile Chinook salmon and sculpin, respectively). The study was carried out in the Nisqually River Delta (NRD), Washington, USA, a recently-restored, macrotidal estuary with a diverse habitat mosaic. Plant groupings of macroalgae, eelgrass, and tidal marsh plants served as the primary base components of the NRD food web. About 90% of demersal sculpin diets were comprised of benthic and pelagic crustaceans that were fed by autochthonous organic matter contributions from aquatic vegetation. Juvenile salmon, on the other hand, derived their energy from a mix of terrestrial, pelagic, and benthic prey, including insects, dipterans, and crustaceans. Consequently, allochthonous terrestrial contributions of organic matter were much greater for salmon, ranging between 26 and 43%. These findings demonstrate how connectivity among estuarine habitat types and environmental strata facilitates organic matter subsidies. This suggests that management actions that improve or restore lateral habitat connectivity as well as terrestrial-aquatic linkages may enhance allochthonous subsidies, promoting increased prey resources and ecosystem benefits in estuaries.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Crystal Lake, Illinois, started a study to increase understanding of groundwater and surface-water interaction between the glacial aquifer and the city’s namesake lake, Crystal Lake, and the effect of higher and lower precipitation conditions on groundwater and lake levels. The results from this study could be used by the city and others to aid in lake management strategies. This report describes the hydrologic lake budget and each of the budget components, which are then used in the construction, calibration, and application of a regional groundwater flow model. The flow model is used to simulate the shallow groundwater flow system and the lake responses to increased and decreased precipitation under the current weir elevation and the proposed lowered weir elevation.
Using the program groundwater flow analytic element model (GFLOW), a two-dimensional, steady-state model was constructed. The model was calibrated by matching target water levels and stream base flows by adjusting model input parameters. A sensitivity analysis was completed by adjusting the parameters within reasonable ranges and noting the magnitude of changes in model calibration targets. Potential effects of extended wet and dry periods (within historical ranges and published predicted ranges) were evaluated by adjusting precipitation, groundwater recharge, and discharge at Crystal Lake culvert outlet in the model and comparing the resulting simulated lake stage and water budgets to stages and water budgets from the calibrated model.
Model results under average, wet, and dry conditions with a lowered weir of 1 foot at the Crystal Lake culvert outlet indicate minor changes in the simulated lake-water budgets and associated lake levels and groundwater elevation contours; however, simulations with an increased outflow at the Crystal Lake culvert outlet decreased the lake water levels by as much as 1.87 feet and also decreased the groundwater levels surrounding the lake by about 1–2 feet during average and wet conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245007","collaboration":"City of Crystal Lake","usgsCitation":"Gahala, A.M., Bristow, E.L.D., Sharpe, J.B., Metcalf, B.G., and Matson, L.A., 2024, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water interaction and lake resiliency at Crystal Lake, City of Crystal Lake, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5007, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245007.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 43 p.;3 Data Releases; Database","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-137122","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426065,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92MVOLW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Seepage Meter Data Collected at Crystal Lake, City of Crystal Lake, Illinois, 2020"},{"id":426064,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97BTQZO","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GFLOW groundwater flow model of Crystal Lake, City of Crystal Lake, Illinois"},{"id":426060,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5007/sir20245007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024–5007"},{"id":426070,"rank":8,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245007/full","text":"Report"},{"id":426059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5007/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":426062,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5007/sir20245007.XML","text":"Report","description":"SIR 2024–5007"},{"id":426063,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5007/images"},{"id":426067,"rank":7,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS Water Data for the Nation"},{"id":499421,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116142.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Crystal Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.40229797795483,\n 42.27567643715733\n ],\n [\n -88.40229797795483,\n 42.20603158225242\n ],\n [\n -88.31028234452793,\n 42.20603158225242\n ],\n [\n -88.31028234452793,\n 42.27567643715733\n ],\n [\n -88.40229797795483,\n 42.27567643715733\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin Ave
Urbana, IL 61801
Contact Pubs Warehouse
Wildfire is a major proximate cause of historical and ongoing losses of intact big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) plant communities and declines in sagebrush obligate wildlife species. In recent decades, fire return intervals have shortened and area burned has increased in some areas, and habitat degradation is occurring where post-fire re-establishment of sagebrush is hindered by invasive annual grasses. In coming decades, the changing climate may accelerate these wildfire and invasive feedbacks, although projecting future wildfire dynamics requires a better understanding of long-term wildfire drivers across the big sagebrush region. Here, we integrated wildfire observations with climate and vegetation data to derive a statistical model for the entire big sagebrush region that represents how annual wildfire probability is influenced by climate and fine fuel characteristics.
Wildfire frequency varied significantly across the sagebrush region, and our statistical model represented much of that variation. Biomass of annual and perennial grasses and forbs, which we used as proxies for fine fuels, influenced wildfire probability. Wildfire probability was highest in areas with high annual forb and grass biomass, which is consistent with the well-documented phenomenon of increased wildfire following annual grass invasion. The effects of annuals on wildfire probability were strongest in places with dry summers. Wildfire probability varied with the biomass of perennial grasses and forbs and was highest at intermediate biomass levels. Climate, which varies substantially across the sagebrush region, was also predictive of wildfire probability, and predictions were highest in areas with a low proportion of precipitation received in summer, intermediate precipitation, and high temperature.
We developed a carefully validated model that contains relatively simple and biologically plausible relationships, with the goal of adequate performance under novel conditions so that useful projections of average annual wildfire probability can be made given general changes in conditions. Previous studies on the impacts of vegetation and climate on wildfire probability in sagebrush ecosystems have generally used more complex machine learning approaches and have usually been applicable to only portions of the sagebrush region. Therefore, our model complements existing work and forms an additional tool for understanding future wildfire and ecological dynamics across the sagebrush region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00252-4","usgsCitation":"Holdrege, M.C., Schlaepfer, D.R., Palmquist, K.A., Crist, M., Doherty, K., Lauenroth, W.K., Remington, T., Riley, K.L., Short, K.C., Tull, J.C., Wiechman, L.A., and Bradford, J., 2024, Wildfire probability estimated from recent climate and fine fuels across the big sagebrush region: Fire Ecology, v. 20, 22, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00252-4.","productDescription":"22, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153750","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00252-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EFC6YC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Observed wildfire frequency, modelled wildfire probability, climate, and fine fuels across the big sagebrush region in the western United States"},{"id":428128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.62177633718863,\n 50.05750578959115\n ],\n [\n -127.62177633718863,\n 35.59525050646282\n ],\n [\n -102.83662008718844,\n 35.59525050646282\n ],\n [\n -102.83662008718844,\n 50.05750578959115\n ],\n [\n -127.62177633718863,\n 50.05750578959115\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holdrege, Martin C.","contributorId":333140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holdrege","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":79741,"text":"Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel Rodolphe 0000-0001-9973-2065","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-2065","contributorId":225569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"Rodolphe","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmquist, Kyle A.","contributorId":169517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crist, Michele R.","contributorId":178453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crist","given":"Michele R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":899645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doherty, Kevin E.","contributorId":177793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Kevin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":899646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Remington, Thomas E.","contributorId":296730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Remington","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Riley, Karin L.","contributorId":169453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Karin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25512,"text":"US Forest Service Fire Science Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Short, Karen C.","contributorId":335894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Short","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":80571,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, 5775 W Broadway Street, Missoula, Montana 59808, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tull, John C. 0000-0002-0680-008X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-008X","contributorId":201650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tull","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wiechman, Lief A.","contributorId":335895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiechman","given":"Lief","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":80572,"text":"U.S Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, Virginia 20192, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":899652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":219257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":899653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70251824,"text":"70251824 - 2024 - Polyphase stratabound scheelite-ferberite mineralization at Mallnock, Eastern Alps, Austria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-15T14:50:27.321887","indexId":"70251824","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-28T06:46:21","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polyphase stratabound scheelite-ferberite mineralization at Mallnock, Eastern Alps, Austria","docAbstract":"A peculiar type of stratabound tungsten mineralization in metacarbonate rocks was discovered and explored at Mallnock (Austria) during the late 1980s. It is the only tungsten occurrence in the Eastern Alps in which scheelite is associated with wolframite (96 mol% ferberite). The tungsten prospect is located in the Austroalpine Drauzug-Gurktal Nappe System recording polyphase low-grade regional metamorphism. Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material yield maximum metamorphic temperatures of 296 ± 27 °C and 258 ± 27 °C, which are assigned to Variscan and Eoalpine metamorphism, respectively. Scheelite and ferberite occur as polyphase stockwork-like mineralization in Fe-rich magnesite in the northern ore zone (Mallnock North), whereas in the western ore zone (Mallnock West), scheelite-quartz veinlets are exclusively hosted in dolomitic marbles. LA-ICP-MS analyses of scheelite and ferberite yield low contents of Mo, Nb, Ta, and rare earth elements, but high contents of Na and Sr. Uranium is particularly high in scheelite (up to 200 µg/g) and makes this mineral a suitable target for U–Pb dating. In situ U–Pb dating of scheelite yielded an early Permian age (294 ± 8 Ma) for Mallnock West and a Middle Triassic age (239 ± 3 Ma) for Mallnock North. A monzodioritic dike close to Mallnock yielded a U–Pb apatite date of 282 ± 9 Ma and supports the polyphase formation of this mineralization. The U–Pb scheelite ages indicate that a model for tungsten metallogeny in the Eastern Alps must also consider remobilization of tungsten by metamorphic fluids. In the Alps, the Permian to Triassic period (ca. 290–225 Ma) is characterized by an overall extensional geodynamic setting related to the breakup of Pangea. Lithospheric thinning caused higher heat flow, low-P metamorphism, and anatexis in the lower crust, which led to enhanced crustal fluid flow in the upper crust. These processes were not only responsible for the formation of metasomatic hydrothermal magnesite and siderite deposits in the Eastern Alps but also for this unique magnesite-ferberite-scheelite mineralization at Mallnock.
Since the early 1900s, groundwater withdrawn from the primary aquifers that compose the Gulf Coast aquifer system—the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers—has been an important source of water in the greater Houston area, Texas. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, and Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports depicting the status of water-level altitudes and water-level changes in these aquifers in the greater Houston area.
In this report, the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers are treated as a single aquifer for the purposes of providing annual assessments of regional-scale water-level altitudes and water-level changes over time. In 2023, shaded depictions of water-level altitudes for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers (undifferentiated) ranged from about 286 feet (ft) below the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) to about 169 ft above NAVD 88. The largest decline in water-level altitudes indicated by the 1977–2023 long-term water-level-change map was in south-central Montgomery County southeast of The Woodlands. In comparison, the 1990–2023 long-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines in water-level altitudes in localized areas at or near certain wells in parts of northwestern Harris County and south-central Montgomery County. The largest rise in water-level altitudes for 1977–2023 is depicted in a relatively large area in southeastern Harris County, whereas the largest rise in water-level altitudes for 1990–2023 is depicted in a relatively large area in central Harris County. The 5-year short-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines at three wells in northern Fort Bend County, one well in western Harris County, and three wells in south-central Montgomery County and the largest rise at one well in central Harris County. The 1-year short-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines at one well in northern Fort Bend County and two wells in southwestern Harris County and the largest rises at one well in northern Brazoria County and one well in south-central Montgomery County.
In 2023, shaded depictions of water-level altitudes for the Jasper aquifer ranged from about 242 ft below NAVD 88 to about 218 ft above NAVD 88. The 2000–23 long-term water-level-change map depicts water-level declines throughout the study area where water-level-measurement data from the aquifer were collected, with the largest declines in north-central Harris County and south-central Montgomery County south of The Woodlands. The 5-year short-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines at two wells in central Montgomery County near Conroe and two wells in south-central Montgomery County southeast of The Woodlands and the largest rise at one well in western Montgomery County. The 1-year short-term water-level-change map depicts the largest declines at four wells in south-central Montgomery County southeast of The Woodlands and one well in central Montgomery County near Conroe and the largest rises at two wells in western Montgomery County.
Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
Charrs (Salvelinus) reach their southernmost distribution in Japan, and are uniquely adapted to the short, steep streams of this island archipelago. Southern Asian Dolly Varden (Salvelinus curilus) occur only in Hokkaido Island, whereas white-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) range to southern Honshu. Both species diverged from an ancestral lineage during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene, when lowered sea levels created semi-enclosed water bodies in the seas of Japan and Okhotsk. Genetic analyses showed S. curilus represents the most ancient divergence from the Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) - Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) group, and revealed five lineages of S. leucomaenis which align differently than traditional subspecies. Japanese charr display diverse and flexible life histories including anadromous fish with partial migration, and fluvial, adfluvial, and resident forms. In Hokkaido, Dolly Varden are distributed upstream and white-spotted charr downstream. They coexist in narrow sympatric zones through adaptive shifts by Dolly Varden in behavior and morphology that facilitate benthic foraging. Both species hybridize with native and nonnative salmonids, and are displaced from microhabitats and decline in abundance when rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) invade. Japan streams contain over 95,000 erosion control dams which create short stream fragments (medians ~200 m). This has increased extirpation of charr populations via lower genetic diversity and stochastic and demographic factors. Tributaries provide complex rearing habitats, afford refuges from floods, and supply recruits that sustain populations in mainstem fragments and create metapopulations in connected riverscapes. Charr play central roles in linked stream-riparian food webs, and cause direct and indirect effects that cascade to streambed algae and riparian predators when linkages are disrupted by anthropogenic effects or altered by native parasites. Many charr populations are threatened by habitat fragmentation and introgression or invasion by nonnative forms, but efforts to conserve charr are growing. These include restoring connectivity among pure populations above barriers that prevent invasions, protecting tributary nurseries, and instituting angling regulations to protect headwater populations. Key steps include inventorying pure populations, identifying conservation units, selecting appropriate management based on connectivity and biotic interactions, and engaging stakeholders and youth to engender an ethic for conserving irreplaceable charr lineages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10228-024-00955-3","usgsCitation":"Fausch, K., Morita, K., Tsuboi, J., Kanno, Y., Yamamoto, S., Kishi, D., Dunham, J., Koizumi, I., Hasegawa, K., Inoue, M., Sato, T., and Kitano, S., 2024, The past, present, and a future for native charr in Japan: Ichthyological Research, v. 71, p. 461-485, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-024-00955-3.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"485","ipdsId":"IP-157930","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-024-00955-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[134.63843,34.14923],[134.76638,33.80633],[134.20342,33.20118],[133.79295,33.52199],[133.28027,33.28957],[133.01486,32.70457],[132.36311,32.98938],[132.37118,33.46364],[132.92437,34.0603],[133.49297,33.94462],[133.90411,34.36493],[134.63843,34.14923]]],[[[140.97639,37.14207],[140.59977,36.34398],[140.77407,35.84288],[140.25328,35.13811],[138.97553,34.6676],[137.2176,34.60629],[135.79298,33.46481],[135.12098,33.84907],[135.07943,34.59654],[133.34032,34.37594],[132.15677,33.90493],[130.98614,33.88576],[132.00004,33.14999],[131.33279,31.45035],[130.68632,31.02958],[130.20242,31.41824],[130.44768,32.31947],[129.81469,32.61031],[129.40846,33.29606],[130.35394,33.60415],[130.87845,34.23274],[131.88423,34.74971],[132.61767,35.43339],[134.6083,35.73162],[135.67754,35.52713],[136.72383,37.30498],[137.39061,36.82739],[138.8576,37.82748],[139.4264,38.21596],[140.05479,39.43881],[139.88338,40.56331],[140.30578,41.19501],[141.36897,41.37856],[141.91426,39.99162],[141.8846,39.18086],[140.95949,38.174],[140.97639,37.14207]]],[[[143.91016,44.1741],[144.61343,43.96088],[145.32083,44.38473],[145.54314,43.26209],[144.05966,42.98836],[143.18385,41.99521],[141.61149,42.67879],[141.06729,41.58459],[139.95511,41.56956],[139.81754,42.56376],[140.31209,43.33327],[141.38055,43.38882],[141.67195,44.77213],[141.96764,45.55148],[143.14287,44.51036],[143.91016,44.1741]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Japan\"}}]}","volume":"71","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fausch, K.D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":84097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morita, Kentaro","contributorId":224812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morita","given":"Kentaro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsuboi, Jun-ichi","contributorId":330437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsuboi","given":"Jun-ichi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78896,"text":"Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanno, Yoichiro","contributorId":210653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanno","given":"Yoichiro","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yamamoto, Shoichiro","contributorId":334496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"Shoichiro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78896,"text":"Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kishi, Daisuke","contributorId":334498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kishi","given":"Daisuke","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80156,"text":"Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquatic Environments","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dunham, Jason 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":220078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Koizumi, Itsuro","contributorId":224826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koizumi","given":"Itsuro","affiliations":[{"id":16855,"text":"Hokkaido University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hasegawa, Koh","contributorId":334500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hasegawa","given":"Koh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78896,"text":"Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Inoue, Mikio","contributorId":334501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inoue","given":"Mikio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52005,"text":"Ehime University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sato, Takuya","contributorId":26420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sato","given":"Takuya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kitano, Satoshi","contributorId":334502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kitano","given":"Satoshi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80159,"text":"Nagano Environmental Conservation Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70263081,"text":"70263081 - 2024 - Trends in colony sizes for five colonial waterbird species in the Atlantic Flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-29T16:22:34.769176","indexId":"70263081","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-27T10:17:04","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"155-2024","title":"Trends in colony sizes for five colonial waterbird species in the Atlantic Flyway","docAbstract":"Robust estimates of colonial waterbird (CWB) breeding population trends are deficient owing to a lack of range wide, standardized survey efforts. Evaluating conservation priorities and effectiveness of management requires reliable trend estimates across multiple spatial scales. One potential data source for CWB trend estimation is the Colonial Waterbird Database, created in 2003 by U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and intermittently updated since then. The database combines state or provincial survey data, particularly from the United States Atlantic Flyway, with historical colony counts obtained from publications. We combined recently collected survey data from Atlantic Flyway states and provinces with data archived in the database to generate population size trend estimates for five species: Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), Laughing Gull (Leucophaeus atricilla), Least Tern (Sternula antillarum), Common Tern (Sterna hirundo), and Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger). These species represent two actively managed conflict species and three species of conservation concern, respectively. We used mixed effects models to fit an exponential growth model to determine yearly trends in populations at Atlantic Flyway- and state-scales with survey data collected between 1964 and 2019. Direction of within-state trend estimates varied. Trends for some species (Common Tern, Laughing Gull) were increasing in northern states and decreasing further south. At the Flyway scale, Double-crested Cormorant increased (2.08 ± 0.28 % year-1) and Least Tern (-1.40 ± 0.36 % year-1) and Black Skimmer (-1.13 ± 0.68 % year -1) decreased, while Flyway-scale trends in Common Tern and Laughing Gull were not significant. Our analysis provides cross-state trend estimates to inform CWB management actions along the Atlantic Flyway.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Loman, Z., Loftin, C., Spiegel, C., and Boettcher, R., 2024, Trends in colony sizes for five colonial waterbird species in the Atlantic Flyway: Cooperator Science Series 155-2024, Report: ii, 46 p.; Appendix.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 46 p.; Appendix","ipdsId":"IP-122759","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/media/trends-colony-sizes-five-colonial-waterbird-species-atlantic-flyway"},{"id":481463,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loman, Zachary G.","contributorId":145932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loman","given":"Zachary G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":925474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":925473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiegel, Caleb S.","contributorId":350196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiegel","given":"Caleb S.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boettcher, Ruth","contributorId":350198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boettcher","given":"Ruth","affiliations":[{"id":83696,"text":"Virginia Division of Wildlife Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70252136,"text":"70252136 - 2024 - Brief communication: Recent estimates of glacier mass loss for western North America from laser altimetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-16T21:12:54.08479","indexId":"70252136","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-27T09:33:53","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3554,"text":"The Cryosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brief communication: Recent estimates of glacier mass loss for western North America from laser altimetry","docAbstract":"Glaciers in western North American outside of Alaska are often overlooked in global studies because their potential to contribute to changes in sea level is small. Nonetheless, these glaciers represent important sources of freshwater, especially during times of drought. Differencing recent ICESat-2 data from a digital elevation model derived from a combination of synthetic aperture radar data (TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X), we find that over the period 2013–2020, glaciers in western North America lost mass at a rate of -12.3 ± 3.5 Gt yr−1. This rate is comparable to the rate of mass loss (-11.7 ± 1.0 Gt yr−1) for the period 2018–2022 calculated through trend analysis using ICESat-2 and Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/tc-18-889-2024","usgsCitation":"Menounos, B., Gardner, A., Florentine, C., and Fountain, A., 2024, Brief communication: Recent estimates of glacier mass loss for western North America from laser altimetry: The Cryosphere, v. 18, no. 2, p. 889-894, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-889-2024.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"889","endPage":"894","ipdsId":"IP-158375","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-889-2024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426665,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"western North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.84375306887944,\n 35.77625603152046\n ],\n [\n -104.12455729393525,\n 37.79434503358385\n ],\n [\n -109.27603690198475,\n 50.31414964400753\n ],\n [\n -127.03183614912706,\n 65.04677641859246\n ],\n [\n -134.85471715128634,\n 65.87524390993823\n ],\n [\n -137.79246375218807,\n 59.017734626913665\n ],\n [\n -133.23078321077972,\n 52.789216057460294\n ],\n [\n -125.43702158084562,\n 47.89598278955353\n ],\n [\n -122.93229214268086,\n 41.15784268873253\n ],\n [\n -119.39681142809803,\n 35.854881720423364\n ],\n [\n -117.84375306887944,\n 35.77625603152046\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menounos, Brian","contributorId":225514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menounos","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41154,"text":"Geography Program and Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Alex","contributorId":24274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":896709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Florentine, Caitlyn 0000-0002-7028-0963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-0963","contributorId":205964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Florentine","given":"Caitlyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fountain, Andrew","contributorId":334864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fountain","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251813,"text":"70251813 - 2024 - Ursids evolved dietary diversity without major alterations in metabolic rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-29T14:14:25.620009","indexId":"70251813","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-27T08:11:17","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ursids evolved dietary diversity without major alterations in metabolic rates","docAbstract":"The diets of the eight species of ursids range from carnivory (e.g., polar bears, Ursus maritimus) to insectivory (e.g., sloth bears, Melursus ursinus), omnivory (e.g., brown bears, U. arctos), and herbivory (e.g., giant pandas, Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Dietary energy availability ranges from the high-fat, highly digestible, calorically dense diet of polar bears (~ 6.4 kcal digestible energy/g fresh weight) to the high-fiber, poorly digestible, calorically restricted diet (~ 0.7) of giant pandas. Thus, ursids provide the opportunity to examine the extent to which dietary energy drives evolution of energy metabolism in a closely related group of animals. We measured the daily energy expenditure (DEE) of captive brown bears in a relatively large, zoo-type enclosure and compared those values to previously published results on captive brown bears, captive and free-ranging polar bears, and captive and free-ranging giant pandas. We found that all three species have similar mass-specific DEE when travel distances and energy intake are normalized even though their diets differ dramatically and phylogenetic lineages are separated by millions of years. For giant pandas, the ability to engage in low-cost stationary foraging relative to more wide-ranging bears likely provided the necessary energy savings to become bamboo specialists without greatly altering their metabolic rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-55549-w","usgsCitation":"Carnahan, A.M., Pagano, A.M., Christian, A.L., Rode, K.D., and Robbins, C.T., 2024, Ursids evolved dietary diversity without major alterations in metabolic rates: Scientific Reports, v. 14, 4751, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55549-w.","productDescription":"4751, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160260","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55549-w","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carnahan, Anthony M.","contributorId":207641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carnahan","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 apagano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0909","contributorId":3884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagano","given":"Anthony","email":"apagano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christian, Amelia L.","contributorId":334446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christian","given":"Amelia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, Charles T.","contributorId":32436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251828,"text":"70251828 - 2024 - Geese migrating over the Pacific Ocean select altitudes coinciding with offshore wind turbine blades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T15:25:06.169475","indexId":"70251828","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-27T07:02:34","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geese migrating over the Pacific Ocean select altitudes coinciding with offshore wind turbine blades","docAbstract":"9 earthquakes ruptured the full Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) in the past 10 kyr, a hypothesis that relies on concurrent turbidite deposition generated from seismogenic strong ground motion along the ∼1100 km margin. Correlation of marine turbidite deposits is based on petrophysical characteristics and radiocarbon geochronology, the latter of which relies on a series of age corrections and calibrations for marine radiocarbon age and sedimentological parameters. In this work, I isolate several key variables in turbidite age assessment and systematically test how previous assumptions and new calibration curves affect estimated ages, and thus whether geochronologic analyses independently support coeval turbidite deposition. For radiocarbon age calibration, I test the impact of (1) updating global marine reservoir age corrections; (2) updating local marine reservoir age estimates; and (3) selectively applied marine reservoir age excursions. From the calibrated radiocarbon ages, I calculate turbidite age and uncertainty using a Monte Carlo approach with a broad range of sedimentation rates and substratal erosion. By simply updating the global marine radiocarbon calibration, individual radiocarbon ages differ from published estimates by several hundred years. Updates to the local reservoir age corrections are minimal because existing data remain limited yet have potential for great impact on turbidite ages. Of the sedimentological parameters tested, sedimentation rate has the largest impact on estimated turbidite age, with individual ages changing up to 500 yr from published estimates. For radiocarbon samples of turbidites previously inferred to correlate, the individual ages typically show increased scatter and overall uncertainty, even for models that only update the global marine reservoir calibration. These results highlight the major age uncertainty associated with current coseismic turbidite age analyses in Cascadia and how independent constraints on local reservoir corrections and sedimentation rate are critical for accurate turbidite age estimates in the Pacific Northwest.
For species of conservation concern, long-term monitoring is vital to properly characterize changes in population distribution and abundance over time. In addition, long-term monitoring guides management decisions by informing and evaluating the efficacy of management actions. A long-term monitoring initiative for the federally threatened Stephens' Kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi, SKR) was established in 2005, across 628 hectares within Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP), San Diego, California, USA. From 2005 to 2018, we tracked trends in area occupied by SKR, trends in relative SKR densities within occupied habitat, and modeled probabilities of SKR occupancy, colonization, extinction, with habitat, climate, and disturbance covariates. Area occupied by SKR increased almost 2-fold from 2005 to 2018 on MCBCP, while density in occupied habitat increased almost 3-fold. Increased area occupied was correlated with increases in estimated density among years, indicating SKR population growth occurs by expansion into suitable habitat patches, as well as increases in numbers within occupied habitat. SKR occupancy was positively associated with gentle slopes (<10%) and moderate open ground (40–80%) and forb cover (>40%). They were more likely to colonize previously unoccupied habitat when there were moderate levels of open ground (40–80%) and low shrub cover (<20%), while more likely to go locally extinct in areas with high slopes (>10%), less open ground (<20%), and increased non-native grass cover (>40%). Additionally, probabilities of SKR occupancy and colonization were higher in areas with moderate levels of disturbance, which was positively associated with open ground and forb cover. We conclude that long-term occupancy and density monitoring is effective in informing status and trends of spatially dynamic species and that moderate habitat-based disturbance is compatible with the management of SKR.
In support of a preliminary analysis performed by New York State Department of Environmental Conservation that found elevated nutrient levels along selected reaches of the Mohawk River, a one-dimensional, unsteady hydraulic and water-quality model (Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System Nutrient Simulation Module 1 [HEC–RAS NSM I]) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for the 127-mile reach of the Mohawk River between Rome and Cohoes, New York. The model was designed to accurately simulate within-channel flow conditions for this highly regulated, control-structure dense river reach. The model was calibrated for the period of May through September 2016 using available streamflow, temperature, and water-quality data. Nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and water column algae were balanced within the model; however, the nutrient model calibration was focused on phosphorus.
The HEC–RAS hydraulic model simulated streamflow adequately at the calibration locations with observed and simulated daily flows demonstrating coefficient of determination (r2) values ranging from 0.91 to 0.97, mean absolute error ranging from 15–20 percent, and bias ranging from −7 to 16 percent. The water temperature model within HEC–RAS NSM I demonstrated remarkable ability to simulate water temperature: typical water temperature errors were less than 1.0 degree Celsius (°C). Simulated water temperature results closely tracked observed continuous water temperature data at three locations on the Mohawk River, with mean absolute error for the 2016 study period ranging from 0.87 to 0.90 °C, and a root mean square error of 1.00 to 1.07 °C.
Performance criteria for the water-quality (nutrient) model were applied differently than the water temperature model because of the temporally coarse discrete samples collected for the project. The average difference between final simulated concentrations and observed concentrations of organic phosphorus for all sample locations was within 0.01 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and within 0.09 mg/L for orthophosphate using all locations except Rome, which was within 0.25 mg/L.
The calibrated model was used to implement nine phosphorus reduction scenarios by applying reductions to wastewater treatment plant effluent concentrations within the model. Monthly mean differences were computed for five comparison locations. Scenario results were generally linear and predictable; scenarios implementing the highest reductions showed correspondingly larger differences in Mohawk River concentrations downstream from the wastewater treatment plants associated with those reductions. The largest monthly mean differences were realized from reduction scenario nine and ranged from −0.018 to −0.076 mg/L for organic phosphorus and from 0.001 to −0.138 mg/L for orthophosphate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Suro, T.P., Niemoczynski, M.J., and Boetsma, A., 2024, Development and calibration of HEC–RAS hydraulic, temperature, and nutrient models for the Mohawk River, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5005, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245005","productDescription":"Report: xii, 90 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-127136","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425874,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FRAYLT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"HEC–RAS hydraulic, temperature, and nutrient models for the Mohawk River between Rome and Cohoes, New York"},{"id":425872,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5005/images/"},{"id":425873,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5005/sir20245005.XML"},{"id":425869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5005/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425870,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5005/sir20245005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5005"},{"id":425871,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245005/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2024-5005"},{"id":499420,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116141.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Mohawk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4,\n 42.0\n ],\n [\n -73.2,\n 42.0\n ],\n [\n -73.2,\n 43.4\n ],\n [\n -75.4,\n 43.4\n ],\n [\n -75.4,\n 42.0\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
Invasive species research within the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Ecosystems Mission Area focuses on invasive plants, animals, and pathogens throughout the United States. USGS scientists provide science support to help solve the problems posed by these nonnative species while working with partners in the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), other Federal, State, and Territorial agencies, Tribes, industry, agriculture, and nonprofit organizations. Key components of USGS invasive species science include the development of novel prevention, prediction, early detection, containment, and control tools.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20243001","programNote":"Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"Heimowitz, P.J., Kocovsky, P.M., and English, J.J., 2024, Invasive species research—Science for prevention, detection, containment, and control: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024–3001, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243001. [Supersedes USGS Fact Sheet 2018–3080.]","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-157104","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3001/fs20243001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2024-3001"},{"id":425803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3001/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Associate Director, Ecosystems Mission Area
Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program
U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 300
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Canadian and American waterfowl hunters were surveyed to identify their hunting trip preferences. Respondents were individuals that were now participating or had participated in waterfowl hunting, and most had hunted the majority of the last five years. We identified four latent classes of waterfowl hunters that varied in their preferences for harvest, access effort, length of travel, quantity of waterfowl seen, and the potential for interference/competition. We found a diminishing return associated with the number of waterfowl harvested, and that ‘devoted’ and ‘local’ hunters did not perceive appreciable benefit from harvesting more birds beyond harvesting a single bird. Results highlight the importance of not only considering population size, but also the location of habitat for people and waterfowl. Our results provide waterfowl managers important insights into the heterogeneity of North American waterfowl hunters by highlighting differences in priorities for waterfowl hunting trips. Notably, to address this heterogeneity, managers could consider the balance of objectives, actions and resources designed to satisfy current waterfowl hunters. Managing access to improve the likelihood that hunters will see and have opportunities to harvest some waterfowl has benefit to hunters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s13157-023-01744-w","usgsCitation":"Sainsbury, K.A., Harshaw, H., Fulton, D.C., Cole, N.W., Dayer, A., Duberstein, J., Raedeke, A., Schuster, R., and Vrtiska, M., 2024, What waterfowl hunters want: Exploring heterogeneity in hunting trip preferences: Wetlands, v. 44, 35, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-023-01744-w.","productDescription":"35, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152539","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-023-01744-w","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-63.6645,46.55001],[-62.9393,46.41587],[-62.01208,46.44314],[-62.50391,46.03339],[-62.87433,45.96818],[-64.1428,46.39265],[-64.39261,46.72747],[-64.01486,47.03601],[-63.6645,46.55001]]],[[[-61.8063,49.10506],[-62.29318,49.08717],[-63.58926,49.40069],[-64.51912,49.87304],[-64.17322,49.95718],[-62.85829,49.70641],[-61.83559,49.28855],[-61.8063,49.10506]]],[[[-123.51,48.51001],[-124.01289,48.37085],[-125.65501,48.825],[-125.95499,49.18],[-126.85,49.53],[-127.02999,49.815],[-128.05934,49.99496],[-128.44458,50.53914],[-128.35841,50.77065],[-125.75501,50.29502],[-124.92077,49.47527],[-123.92251,49.06248],[-123.51,48.51001]]],[[[-56.13404,50.68701],[-56.79588,49.81231],[-56.14311,50.15012],[-55.47149,49.93582],[-55.8224,49.58713],[-54.93514,49.31301],[-54.47378,49.55669],[-53.47655,49.24914],[-53.78601,48.51678],[-53.08613,48.6878],[-52.6481,47.53555],[-53.06916,46.6555],[-53.52146,46.61829],[-54.17894,46.80707],[-53.96187,47.62521],[-54.24048,47.75228],[-55.40077,46.88499],[-55.99748,46.91972],[-55.29122,47.38956],[-56.2508,47.63255],[-59.26602,47.60335],[-59.41949,47.89945],[-58.79659,48.25153],[-59.23162,48.52319],[-58.3918,49.12558],[-57.35869,50.71827],[-56.73865,51.28744],[-55.87098,51.63209],[-55.40697,51.58827],[-56.13404,50.68701]]],[[[-133.18,54.16998],[-132.71001,54.04001],[-131.74999,54.12],[-132.04948,52.98462],[-131.17904,52.18043],[-131.57783,52.18237],[-132.18043,52.63971],[-132.54999,53.10001],[-133.05461,53.41147],[-133.23966,53.85108],[-133.18,54.16998]]],[[[-79.26582,62.15868],[-79.65752,61.63308],[-80.09956,61.7181],[-80.36215,62.01649],[-79.92939,62.3856],[-79.52002,62.36371],[-79.26582,62.15868]]],[[[-81.89825,62.7108],[-83.06857,62.15922],[-83.77462,62.18231],[-83.99367,62.4528],[-83.25048,62.91409],[-81.87699,62.90458],[-81.89825,62.7108]]],[[[-85.16131,65.65728],[-84.97576,65.21752],[-84.46401,65.37177],[-81.64201,64.45514],[-81.55344,63.97961],[-80.81736,64.05749],[-80.10345,63.72598],[-80.99102,63.41125],[-82.54718,63.65172],[-83.1088,64.10188],[-84.10042,63.56971],[-85.5234,63.05238],[-85.86677,63.63725],[-87.22198,63.54124],[-86.35276,64.03583],[-86.22489,64.82292],[-85.88385,65.73878],[-85.16131,65.65728]]],[[[-75.86588,67.14886],[-76.98687,67.09873],[-77.2364,67.58809],[-76.81166,68.14856],[-75.89521,68.28721],[-75.1145,68.01036],[-75.10333,67.58202],[-75.21597,67.44425],[-75.86588,67.14886]]],[[[-95.64768,69.10769],[-96.26952,68.75704],[-97.6174,69.06003],[-98.4318,68.9507],[-99.7974,69.40003],[-98.9174,69.71003],[-98.21826,70.14354],[-96.5574,69.68003],[-95.64768,69.10769]]],[[[-90.5471,69.49766],[-90.55151,68.47499],[-89.21515,69.25873],[-88.01966,68.61508],[-88.31749,67.87338],[-87.35017,67.19872],[-86.30607,67.92146],[-85.57664,68.78456],[-85.52197,69.88211],[-82.62258,69.65826],[-81.28043,69.16202],[-81.2202,68.66567],[-81.96436,68.13253],[-81.25928,67.59716],[-81.38653,67.11078],[-83.34456,66.41154],[-84.73542,66.2573],[-85.76943,66.55833],[-86.0676,66.05625],[-87.03143,65.21297],[-87.32324,64.77563],[-88.48296,64.09897],[-89.91444,64.03273],[-90.70398,63.61017],[-90.77004,62.96021],[-91.93342,62.83508],[-93.15698,62.02469],[-94.24153,60.89865],[-94.62931,60.11021],[-94.6846,58.94882],[-93.21502,58.78212],[-92.29703,57.08709],[-90.89769,57.28468],[-89.03953,56.85172],[-88.03978,56.47162],[-87.32421,55.99914],[-86.07121,55.72383],[-85.01181,55.3026],[-82.27285,55.14832],[-82.4362,54.28227],[-82.12502,53.27703],[-81.40075,52.15788],[-79.91289,51.20842],[-79.14301,51.53393],[-78.60191,52.56208],[-79.12421,54.14145],[-79.82958,54.66772],[-78.22874,55.13645],[-77.0956,55.83741],[-76.54137,56.53423],[-76.62319,57.20263],[-77.30226,58.05209],[-78.51688,58.80458],[-77.33676,59.85261],[-77.77272,60.75788],[-78.10687,62.31964],[-77.41067,62.55053],[-74.6682,62.18111],[-73.83988,62.4438],[-71.67708,61.52535],[-71.37369,61.13717],[-69.59042,61.06141],[-69.62033,60.22125],[-69.2879,58.95736],[-68.37455,58.80106],[-67.64976,58.21206],[-66.20178,58.76731],[-65.24517,59.87071],[-64.58352,60.33558],[-61.39655,56.96745],[-61.79866,56.33945],[-60.46853,55.77548],[-59.56962,55.20407],[-57.97508,54.94549],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.93689,53.78032],[-56.15811,53.64749],[-55.75632,53.27036],[-55.68338,52.14664],[-57.12691,51.41972],[-58.77482,51.0643],[-60.03309,50.24277],[-61.72366,50.08046],[-63.86251,50.29099],[-66.39905,50.22897],[-67.23631,49.51156],[-68.51114,49.06836],[-71.10458,46.82171],[-70.25522,46.98606],[-68.65,48.3],[-66.55243,49.1331],[-65.05626,49.23278],[-64.17099,48.74248],[-65.11545,48.07085],[-64.47219,46.23849],[-63.17329,45.73902],[-61.52072,45.88377],[-60.51815,47.00793],[-60.4486,46.28264],[-59.80287,45.9204],[-61.03988,45.26525],[-63.25471,44.67014],[-64.24656,44.26553],[-65.36406,43.54523],[-66.1234,43.61867],[-66.16173,44.46512],[-64.42549,45.29204],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-125.62461,50.41656],[-127.43561,50.83061],[-127.99276,51.71583],[-127.85032,52.32961],[-129.12979,52.75538],[-129.30523,53.56159],[-130.51497,54.28757],[-130.53610881133997,54.802751030769095],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-139.12052,69.47102],[-137.54636,68.99002],[-136.50358,68.89804],[-135.62576,69.31512],[-134.41464,69.62743],[-132.92925,69.50534],[-131.43136,69.94451],[-129.79471,70.19369],[-129.10773,69.77927],[-128.36156,70.01286],[-128.13817,70.48384],[-127.44712,70.37721],[-125.75632,69.48058],[-124.42483,70.1584],[-124.28968,69.39969],[-123.06108,69.56372],[-122.6835,69.85553],[-121.47226,69.79778],[-119.94288,69.37786],[-117.60268,69.01128],[-116.22643,68.84151],[-115.2469,68.90591],[-113.89794,68.3989],[-115.30489,67.90261],[-113.49727,67.68815],[-110.798,67.80612],[-109.94619,67.98104],[-108.8802,67.38144],[-107.79239,67.88736],[-108.81299,68.31164],[-108.16721,68.65392],[-106.15,68.8],[-105.34282,68.56122],[-104.33791,68.018],[-103.22115,68.09775],[-101.45433,67.64689],[-99.90195,67.80566],[-98.4432,67.78165],[-98.5586,68.40394],[-97.66948,68.57864],[-96.11991,68.23939],[-96.12588,67.29338],[-95.48943,68.0907],[-94.685,68.06383],[-94.23282,69.06903],[-95.30408,69.68571],[-96.47131,70.08976],[-96.39115,71.19482],[-95.2088,71.92053],[-93.88997,71.76015],[-92.87818,71.31869],[-91.51964,70.19129],[-92.40692,69.69997],[-90.5471,69.49766]]],[[[-114.16717,73.12145],[-114.66634,72.65277],[-112.44102,72.9554],[-111.05039,72.4504],[-109.92035,72.96113],[-109.00654,72.63335],[-108.18835,71.65089],[-107.68599,72.06548],[-108.39639,73.08953],[-107.51645,73.23598],[-106.52259,73.07601],[-105.40246,72.67259],[-104.77484,71.6984],[-104.46476,70.99297],[-100.98078,70.02432],[-101.08929,69.58447],[-102.73116,69.50402],[-102.09329,69.11962],[-102.43024,68.75282],[-105.96,69.18],[-107.12254,69.11922],[-109,68.78],[-113.3132,68.53554],[-113.85496,69.00744],[-115.22,69.28],[-116.10794,69.16821],[-117.34,69.96],[-115.13112,70.2373],[-113.72141,70.19237],[-112.4161,70.36638],[-114.35,70.6],[-117.9048,70.54056],[-118.43238,70.9092],[-116.11311,71.30918],[-117.65568,71.2952],[-119.40199,71.55859],[-118.56267,72.30785],[-117.86642,72.70594],[-115.18909,73.31459],[-114.16717,73.12145]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-106.6,73.6],[-105.26,73.64],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.10268],[-76.2514,72.82639],[-78.39167,72.87666],[-79.48625,72.7422],[-80.8761,73.33318],[-80.83389,73.69318],[-80.35306,73.75972],[-78.06444,73.65193],[-76.34,73.10268]]],[[[-86.56218,73.15745],[-85.77437,72.53413],[-84.85011,73.34028],[-82.31559,73.75095],[-80.60009,72.71654],[-80.74894,72.06191],[-78.77064,72.35217],[-77.82462,72.74962],[-75.60584,72.24368],[-74.22862,71.76714],[-74.09914,71.33084],[-72.24223,71.55692],[-71.20002,70.92001],[-68.78605,70.52502],[-67.91497,70.12195],[-66.96903,69.18609],[-68.80512,68.7202],[-66.44987,68.06716],[-64.86231,67.84754],[-63.42493,66.92847],[-61.85198,66.86212],[-62.16318,66.16025],[-63.91844,64.99867],[-65.14886,65.42603],[-66.72122,66.38804],[-68.01502,66.26273],[-68.14129,65.68979],[-67.08965,65.10846],[-65.73208,64.64841],[-65.32017,64.38274],[-64.66941,63.39293],[-65.0138,62.67419],[-66.27504,62.9451],[-68.78319,63.74567],[-66.3283,62.28007],[-66.16557,61.9309],[-68.87737,62.33015],[-71.02344,62.91071],[-72.23538,63.39784],[-71.88628,63.67999],[-74.83442,64.67908],[-74.8185,64.38909],[-77.70998,64.22954],[-78.55595,64.57291],[-77.89728,65.30919],[-73.9598,65.45476],[-74.29388,65.81177],[-73.94491,66.31058],[-72.65117,67.28458],[-72.92606,67.72693],[-73.31162,68.06944],[-74.84331,68.55463],[-76.8691,68.89474],[-76.22865,69.14777],[-77.28737,69.76954],[-78.16863,69.82649],[-78.95724,70.16688],[-79.49246,69.87181],[-81.30547,69.74319],[-84.94471,69.96663],[-88.68171,70.41074],[-89.51342,70.76204],[-88.46772,71.21819],[-89.88815,71.22255],[-90.20516,72.23507],[-89.43658,73.12946],[-88.40824,73.53789],[-85.82615,73.80382],[-86.56218,73.15745]]],[[[-100.35642,73.84389],[-99.16387,73.63339],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.05359,72.99052],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-98.35966,71.27285],[-99.32286,71.35639],[-100.01482,71.73827],[-102.5,72.51],[-102.48,72.83],[-100.43836,72.70588],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.35642,73.84389]]],[[[-93.1963,72.77199],[-94.26905,72.0246],[-95.40986,72.06188],[-96.03375,72.94028],[-96.01827,73.43743],[-95.49579,73.86242],[-94.50366,74.13491],[-92.42001,74.10003],[-90.50979,73.85673],[-92.00397,72.96624],[-93.1963,72.77199]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.09219,70.90164],[-123.62,71.34],[-125.92895,71.86869],[-124.80729,73.02256],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.91775,74.29275],[-121.53788,74.44893],[-120.10978,74.24135],[-117.55564,74.18577],[-115.51081,73.47519],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.82],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.61276,74.98],[-94.15691,74.59235],[-95.60868,74.66686],[-96.82093,74.92762],[-96.28859,75.37783],[-94.85082,75.64722],[-93.97775,75.29649],[-93.61276,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.73558,76.25656],[-97.70441,75.74344],[-98.16,75],[-99.80874,74.89744],[-100.88366,75.05736],[-100.86292,75.64075],[-102.50209,75.5638],[-102.56552,76.3366],[-101.48973,76.30537],[-99.98349,76.64634],[-98.57699,76.58859],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.21141,76.20168],[-107.81943,75.84552],[-106.92893,76.01282],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.70498,75.47951],[-106.31347,75.00527],[-109.7,74.85],[-112.22307,74.41696],[-113.74381,74.39427],[-113.87135,74.72029],[-111.79421,75.1625],[-116.31221,75.04343],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-116.34602,76.19903],[-115.40487,76.47887],[-112.59056,76.14134],[-110.81422,75.54919],[-109.0671,75.47321],[-110.49726,76.42982],[-109.5811,76.79417],[-108.54859,76.67832],[-108.21141,76.20168]]],[[[-94.68409,77.09788],[-93.57392,76.7763],[-91.60502,76.77852],[-90.74185,76.4496],[-90.96966,76.07401],[-89.18708,75.61017],[-86.37919,75.48242],[-84.78963,75.6992],[-82.75344,75.78432],[-81.12853,75.71398],[-80.05751,75.33685],[-79.83393,74.92313],[-80.45777,74.6573],[-81.94884,74.44246],[-83.22889,74.56403],[-88.15035,74.39231],[-89.76472,74.51556],[-92.42244,74.83776],[-92.76829,75.38682],[-92.88991,75.88266],[-93.89382,76.31924],[-95.96246,76.44138],[-97.12138,76.75108],[-96.74512,77.16139],[-94.68409,77.09788]]],[[[-116.19859,77.64529],[-116.33581,76.87696],[-117.10605,76.53003],[-118.04041,76.48117],[-119.89932,76.05321],[-121.5,75.90002],[-122.85492,76.11654],[-121.15754,76.86451],[-119.10394,77.51222],[-117.57013,77.49832],[-116.19859,77.64529]]],[[[-93.84,77.52],[-96.16965,77.55511],[-96.4363,77.83463],[-94.42258,77.82],[-93.72066,77.63433],[-93.84,77.52]]],[[[-110.18694,77.69701],[-112.05119,77.40923],[-113.53428,77.73221],[-112.72459,78.05105],[-111.26444,78.15296],[-109.85445,77.99632],[-110.18694,77.69701]]],[[[-109.66315,78.60197],[-110.88131,78.40692],[-112.54209,78.4079],[-112.52589,78.55055],[-111.50001,78.84999],[-109.66315,78.60197]]],[[[-95.83029,78.05694],[-97.30984,77.8506],[-98.12429,78.08286],[-98.55287,78.45811],[-98.63198,78.87193],[-96.7544,78.76581],[-95.55928,78.41831],[-95.83029,78.05694]]],[[[-100.06019,78.32475],[-99.67094,77.90754],[-101.30394,78.01898],[-102.94981,78.34323],[-105.17613,78.38033],[-104.21043,78.67742],[-105.41958,78.91834],[-105.49229,79.30159],[-103.52928,79.16535],[-100.82516,78.80046],[-100.06019,78.32475]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.81435,79.3369],[-87.18756,79.0393],[-89.03535,78.28723],[-90.80436,78.21533],[-92.87669,78.34333],[-93.95116,78.75099],[-93.93574,79.11373],[-93.14524,79.3801],[-94.974,79.37248],[-96.07614,79.70502],[-96.70972,80.15777],[-95.32345,80.90729],[-94.29843,80.97727],[-94.73542,81.20646],[-92.40984,81.25739],[-91.13289,80.72345],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.10632],[-63.68,82.9],[-61.85,82.6286],[-61.89388,82.36165],[-64.334,81.92775],[-66.75342,81.72527],[-67.65755,81.50141],[-65.48031,81.50657],[-67.84,80.9],[-69.4697,80.61683],[-71.18,79.8],[-73.2428,79.63415],[-73.88,79.43016],[-76.90773,79.32309],[-75.52924,79.19766],[-76.22046,79.01907],[-75.39345,78.52581],[-76.34354,78.18296],[-77.88851,77.89991],[-78.36269,77.50859],[-79.75951,77.20968],[-79.61965,76.98336],[-77.91089,77.02205],[-77.88911,76.77796],[-80.56125,76.17812],[-83.17439,76.45403],[-86.11184,76.29901],[-89.49068,76.47239],[-89.6161,76.95213],[-87.76739,77.17833],[-88.26,77.9],[-87.65,77.97022],[-84.97634,77.53873],[-86.34,78.18],[-87.96192,78.37181],[-87.15198,78.75867],[-85.37868,78.9969],[-85.09495,79.34543],[-86.50734,79.73624],[-86.93179,80.25145],[-84.19844,80.20836],[-83.4087,80.1],[-81.84823,80.46442],[-84.1,80.58],[-87.59895,80.51627],[-89.36663,80.85569],[-90.2,81.26],[-91.36786,81.5531],[-91.58702,81.89429],[-86.97024,82.27961],[-85.5,82.65227],[-84.26,82.6],[-83.18,82.32],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.30664,83.13056],[-76.25,83.17206],[-75.71878,83.06404],[-72.83153,83.23324],[-68.5,83.10632]]],[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Canada\"}}]}","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sainsbury, Katherine A.","contributorId":342632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sainsbury","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harshaw, Howard W.","contributorId":279390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harshaw","given":"Howard W.","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fulton, David C. 0000-0001-5763-7887","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7887","contributorId":333043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":79716,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":910243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, Nicholas W. 0000-0003-1204-971X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-971X","contributorId":278636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dayer, Ashley A.","contributorId":278637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dayer","given":"Ashley A.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duberstein, Jennie N.","contributorId":342635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duberstein","given":"Jennie N.","affiliations":[{"id":40296,"text":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Raedeke, Andrew H.","contributorId":278640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raedeke","given":"Andrew H.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schuster, Rudy 0000-0003-2353-8500 schusterr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-8500","contributorId":3119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy","email":"schusterr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":910248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vrtiska, Mark P.","contributorId":342638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vrtiska","given":"Mark P.","affiliations":[{"id":81901,"text":"Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70251264,"text":"70251264 - 2024 - Sediment budget of a Maumee River headwater tributary: How streambank erosion, streambed-sediment storage, and streambed-sediment source inform our understanding of legacy phosphorus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T14:59:48.116393","indexId":"70251264","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-26T11:54:28","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2457,"text":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment budget of a Maumee River headwater tributary: How streambank erosion, streambed-sediment storage, and streambed-sediment source inform our understanding of legacy phosphorus","docAbstract":"We described source and phosphorus (P) retention potential of soft, fine-grained, streambed sediment and associated phosphorus (sed-P) during summer low-flow conditions. Combining in-channel, sed-P storage with relative age provided context on relevance to western Lake Erie Basin management goals.
In 2019, rapid geomorphic assessment (30 reaches) compared streambed-sediment storage (S) to streambank erosion (E), providing annual sediment budgets (S:E). Streambed sediment (13 reaches) was fingerprinted and analyzed for sed-P. The P saturation ratio (PSR; four reaches) quantified potential sorption/desorption of dissolved P (DP) between the water column and streambed sediment. Analyses were supplemented with data from 2017 and 2021. The ratio of two fallout radionuclides, beryllium-7 (54-day half-life) and excess lead-210 (22.3 years), apportioned “new” sediment based on time since rainfall contact.
Streambed sediment was mostly streambank (54–96%) for contributing areas > 2.7 km2; for upstream reaches, a larger percentage was apportioned as upland (cropland, pasture, forest, and road), with < 30% streambank. Streambank erosion correlated with contributing area; however, soil type (ecoregion), stream characteristics, and land use combined to drive streambed-sediment storage. Individual-reach S:E (accumulation of 0.01–35 years of streambank erosion) differentiated erosional and depositional in-channel environments. Most reaches indicated that 17–57% of sediment had recent contact with rainfall. Streambed-sediment PSR indicated a low potential for further sorption of DP from the water column; one reach was a P source when sampled.
Sed-P was higher in streambed sediment than in source samples, which varied by land use and ecoregion. This indicates homogenization resulting from in-stream sorption of DP during sediment transport that occurs over multiple events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11368-023-03713-6","usgsCitation":"Williamson, T.N., Fitzpatrick, F., Kreiling, R.M., Blount, J.D., and Karwan, D.L., 2024, Sediment budget of a Maumee River headwater tributary: How streambank erosion, streambed-sediment storage, and streambed-sediment source inform our understanding of legacy phosphorus: Journal of Soils and Sediments, v. 24, p. 1447-1463, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03713-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1447","endPage":"1463","ipdsId":"IP-154572","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440300,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03713-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Maumee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.25514832288071,\n 41.67558956302901\n ],\n [\n -85.14964718502311,\n 41.67558956302901\n ],\n [\n -85.14964718502311,\n 40.43443489714787\n ],\n [\n -83.25514832288071,\n 40.43443489714787\n ],\n [\n -83.25514832288071,\n 41.67558956302901\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Tanja N. 0000-0002-7639-8495 tnwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-8495","contributorId":198329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Tanja","email":"tnwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":209588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kreiling, Rebecca M. 0000-0002-9295-4156","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-4156","contributorId":202193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiling","given":"Rebecca","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blount, James D. 0000-0002-0006-3947 jblount@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-3947","contributorId":200231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blount","given":"James","email":"jblount@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karwan, Diana L.","contributorId":207315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karwan","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}