Several recent generation global-climate models were found to have anomalously high climate sensitivities and may not be useful for certain applications. Four approaches for developing ensembles of climate projections for applications that address this issue are:
Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are described by using example applications to study the effects of climate change on an imaginary at-risk species. Choosing the right approach is dependent on the location, goals, and system focus of each application and the risk-tolerance and resource-management context.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Colorado and the University of Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Boyles, R., Nikiel, C.A., Miller, B.W., Littell, J., Terando, A.J., Rangwala, I., Alder, J.R., Rosendahl, D.H., and Wootten, A.M., 2024, Approaches for using CMIP projections in climate model ensembles to address the ‘hot model’ problem: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1008, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241008","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-151266","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49928,"text":"South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425439,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/ofr20241008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"820 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1008"},{"id":425440,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/images/"},{"id":425441,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241008/full"},{"id":425442,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/ofr20241008.XML"}],"contact":"Director, Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
100 Brooks Ave.
Raleigh, NC 27607
Climate change is a well-documented driver and threat multiplier of infectious disease in wildlife populations. However, wildlife disease management and climate-change adaptation have largely operated in isolation. To improve conservation outcomes, we consider the role of climate adaptation in initiating or exacerbating the transmission and spread of wildlife disease and the deleterious effects thereof, as illustrated through several case studies. We offer insights into best practices for disease-smart adaptation, including a checklist of key factors for assessing disease risks early in the climate adaptation process. By assessing risk, incorporating uncertainty, planning for change, and monitoring outcomes, natural resource managers and conservation practitioners can better prepare for and respond to wildlife disease threats in a changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.2716","usgsCitation":"Thurman, L., Alger, K.E., LeDee, O.E., Thompson, L., Hofmeister, E.K., Hudson, M.J., Martin, A., Melvin, T., Olson, S.H., Pruvot, M., Rohr, J.R., Szymanksi, J., Aleuy, O., and Zuckerberg, B., 2024, Disease-smart climate adaptation for wildlife management and conservation: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 22, no. 4, e2716, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2716.","productDescription":"e2716, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123721","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49226,"text":"Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2716","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":427521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, Lindsey 0000-0003-3142-4909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-4909","contributorId":269425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alger, Katrina E. 0000-0001-7708-0203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-0203","contributorId":228815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alger","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeDee, Olivia E. 0000-0002-7791-5829 oledee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-5829","contributorId":242820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeDee","given":"Olivia","email":"oledee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Laura 0000-0002-7884-6001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":212190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofmeister, Erik K. 0000-0002-2305-519X ehofmeister@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-519X","contributorId":269350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeister","given":"Erik","email":"ehofmeister@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudson, Michael J","contributorId":335408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martin, Alynn 0000-0002-6603-2385","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-2385","contributorId":224233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Alynn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Melvin, Tracy","contributorId":248513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melvin","given":"Tracy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":898290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Olson, Sarah H","contributorId":245163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":49104,"text":"Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, New York, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pruvot, Mathieu","contributorId":225471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruvot","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41133,"text":"1Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, New York, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rohr, Jason R.","contributorId":221798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohr","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39516,"text":"University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Szymanksi, Jennifer","contributorId":335410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szymanksi","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Aleuy, Oscar","contributorId":335411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aleuy","given":"Oscar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39516,"text":"University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Zuckerberg, Benjamin","contributorId":329861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zuckerberg","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70251290,"text":"sir20235123 - 2024 - Hydrologic analysis of an earthen embankment dam in southern Westchester County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:18:00.033267","indexId":"sir20235123","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-07T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5123","displayTitle":"Hydrologic Analysis of an Earthen Embankment Dam in Southern Westchester County, New York","title":"Hydrologic analysis of an earthen embankment dam in southern Westchester County, New York","docAbstract":"In 2001, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection installed 25 wells on the southern embankment of the Hillview Reservoir in Westchester County in an unsuccessful attempt to locate the source of a large seep (seep A) that began flowing continuously in 1999. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative study with the NYCDEP to characterize the hydrology of the local groundwater system and identify potential sources of seep A and other seeps on the embankment.
At least two groundwater-flow zones—one shallow and the other deep—overlie the bedrock at the Hillview Reservoir in southern Westchester County, New York. Analyses of slug tests of wells drilled into the southern embankment of the reservoir were used to determine the three-dimensional distribution of hydraulic conductivity of the embankment materials. The wells with the minimum and maximum hydraulic conductivity values are in the deep saturated zone on the southern embankment, where hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.0012 to 2 feet per day. Hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.0026 to 1 foot per day in the shallow saturated zone and from 0.021 to 0.27 foot per day in the toe of the embankment. A hydraulic conductivity of 0.016 foot per day was determined for one toe well partially screened in the crystalline-bedrock aquifer. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative study with New York City Department of Environmental Protection to characterize the local groundwater-flow system and identify potential sources of seeps on the southern embankment of the Hillview Reservoir in southern Westchester County, New York.
Long-term hydrologic data indicated that water levels trended downward in 29 of 41 sites, including the reservoir basin that was monitored during the 12-year study period; data from a National Weather Service precipitation gage at Central Park indicated annual precipitation also trended downward during the same 12-year period. Of the seven wells in which water levels trended upward during the study, two of the wells are on the west side of the southern embankment, proximal to a major water supply conduit, whereas the five remaining wells are screened in the toe. These data indicate an increasing hydrostatic pressure within the deep system and the toe of the dam, which could result in future seeps on the southern embankment near these wells.
Results of 11 suspended-sediment samples collected from seeps along the southern embankment at 234.1- and 221.6-feet elevation, and another drainage outflow point between 2007 and 2015 indicate a poor correlation between suspended-sediment concentration and discharge. From the flowing seep at 234.1 feet, suspended-sediment concentrations ranged from 1 milligram per liter at a flow of 2.6 gallons per minute (that is, 1 milligram per 0.26 gallons) during March 2008 to 16 milligrams per liter at 12 gallons per minute during July 2014. At about 12 gallons per minute discharge, suspended-sediment concentration from samples collected at that seep during different sampling events, ranged from 3 to 16 milligrams per liter. From the seep at 221.6 feet elevation, the suspended sediment concentration was 2 milligrams per liter at a discharge of 3.4 gallons per minute and 2 milligrams per liter at a discharge of 1.1 gallons per minute. Only one sample was collected at the drainage outflow point, for which the suspended sediment concentration was 2 milligrams per liter at a discharge of 2.4 gallons per minute.
Anomalously high-water levels were recorded in deep-system wells between June 5, 2013, and January 14, 2014. The period for the increase and the decrease back to more typical water-level elevations occurred rapidly during a 13-hour period in each instance. The sudden and rapid changes, in addition to the spatial distribution of magnitude of water-level response indicate that leaky water infrastructure was the source of recharge to the affected wells.
A major water supply conduit was drained for repairs between July 7 and 10, 2010. The seeps indicated an immediate response and a substantial hydraulic connection to the water supply conduit. Approximately 10.5 hours after the water supply conduit was drained, flow from a seep on the southern embankment decreased from about 20 gallons per minute to less than 1 gallon per minute. This seep is located at about the same elevation and within the vicinity of the water supply conduit. A travel-time of about 10.5 hours from the source to the seep at 234.1 feet elevation was estimated from the dewatering timeline. During the 3-month shutdown of the water supply conduit, the previously flowing seeps remained dry until precipitation resulted in discharge of about 0.7 gallon per minute at the higher elevation seep, indicating a minor contribution from precipitation to the total seepage discharge. Discharge from the seeps resumed almost immediately coincident with the refilling of the water supply conduit, supporting the hydraulic connection observations during the drainage stage. In addition, during the refilling of the water supply conduit on September 21, 2010, a new seep (I) was observed on the southern embankment. Discharge from this new seep remained relatively constant until it became inaccessible under construction stone from subsequent embankment repairs by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Precipitation after the refilling stage of the shutdown seemed to have induced a rise in water levels in the toe wells and an increase in discharge from the seep at 234.1 feet elevation. The post shutdown discharge was less than 12 gallons per minute, compared to a discharge of about 20 gallons per minute before the repairs. The lower discharge rate measured during the period of historically higher discharge rates for the fall season indicates that the repair of the major water supply conduit may have contributed to a reduced discharge from the seeps. There were no definitive responses to the shutdown in any of the wells near the major water supply conduit.
The more transmissive deep system of the southern embankment near the major water supply conduit and its associated infrastructure seems to be the preferential flow path for leaking infrastructure. The wells screened in this system showed a response during the deep system anomaly and have some of the highest hydraulic conductivities of the tested wells. All the seeps are in the elevation range of the deep system from approximately the crystalline bedrock surface around 200 feet elevation to the contact between the deep and shallow saturated zones of the reservoir at about 250 feet elevation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Chu, A., Noll, M.L., Capurso, W.D., and Welk, R.J., 2023, Hydrologic analysis of an earthen embankment dam in southern Westchester County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5123, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235123.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 41 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-099377","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499388,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116022.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5123/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425303,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5123/sir20235123.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5123"},{"id":425304,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235123/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5123"},{"id":425308,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":425307,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J404KW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data and analytical type-curve match for selected hydraulic tests at an earthen dam site in southern Westchester County, New York"},{"id":425306,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5123/images/"},{"id":425305,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5123/sir20235123.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Westchester County","otherGeospatial":"Hillview Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.87575164367507,\n 40.91924473969948\n ],\n [\n -73.87575164367507,\n 40.901369445530406\n ],\n [\n -73.85851786410133,\n 40.901369445530406\n ],\n [\n -73.85851786410133,\n 40.91924473969948\n ],\n [\n -73.87575164367507,\n 40.91924473969948\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
An important part of infectious disease management is predicting factors that influence disease outbreaks, such as R, the number of secondary infections arising from an infected individual. Estimating R is particularly challenging for environmentally transmitted pathogens given time lags between cases and subsequent infections. Here, we calculated R for Bacillus anthracis infections arising from anthrax carcass sites in Etosha National Park, Namibia. Combining host behavioural data, pathogen concentrations and simulation models, we show that R is spatially and temporally variable, driven by spore concentrations at death, host visitation rates and early preference for foraging at infectious sites. While spores were detected up to a decade after death, most secondary infections occurred within 2 years. Transmission simulations under scenarios combining site infectiousness and host exposure risk under different environmental conditions led to dramatically different outbreak dynamics, from pathogen extinction (R < 1) to explosive outbreaks (R > 10). These transmission heterogeneities may explain variation in anthrax outbreak dynamics observed globally, and more generally, the critical importance of environmental variation underlying host–pathogen interactions. Notably, our approach allowed us to estimate the lethal dose of a highly virulent pathogen non-invasively from observational studies and epidemiological data, useful when experiments on wildlife are undesirable or impractical.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2023.2568","usgsCitation":"Dolfi, A.C., Kausrud, K., Rysava, K., Champagne, C., Huang, Y., Barandongo, Z.R., and Turner, W.C., 2024, Season of death, pathogen persistence and wildlife behaviour alter number of anthrax secondary infections from environmental reservoirs: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 291, no. 2016, 20232568, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2568.","productDescription":"20232568, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153158","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Namibia","otherGeospatial":"Etosha National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 15.6143902578564,\n -18.389039216321436\n ],\n [\n 15.6143902578564,\n -19.174311989065046\n ],\n [\n 16.756898047548873,\n -19.174311989065046\n ],\n [\n 16.756898047548873,\n -18.389039216321436\n ],\n [\n 15.6143902578564,\n -18.389039216321436\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"291","issue":"2016","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolfi, Amelie C.","contributorId":342717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolfi","given":"Amelie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kausrud, Kyrre","contributorId":342718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kausrud","given":"Kyrre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61713,"text":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rysava, Kristyna","contributorId":342719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rysava","given":"Kristyna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champagne, Celeste","contributorId":342720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champagne","given":"Celeste","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81681,"text":"College of Veterinary Medicine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huang, Yen-Hua","contributorId":342721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Yen-Hua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barandongo, Zoe R.","contributorId":342722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barandongo","given":"Zoe","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70251426,"text":"70251426 - 2024 - Deep magmatic staging chambers for crustal layered mafic intrusions: An example from the Bushveld Complex of southern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:05:35.231064","indexId":"70251426","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-07T08:01:12","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep magmatic staging chambers for crustal layered mafic intrusions: An example from the Bushveld Complex of southern Africa","docAbstract":"The deep mafic magmatic staging chambers of layered mafic intrusions have been conjectured but not imaged. Their existence has long been postulated from geochemical models which require multiple magma injections from staging chambers to account for their multi-scale igneous layering and variations in sources and degrees of crustal contamination. For the Bushveld Complex of southern Africa, the world’s largest layered mafic intrusion, seismic receiver functions identify a diffuse crust-mantle transition beneath the Complex that suggests high velocity lower crust and/or uppermost lithospheric mantle. Here we present 3D gravity modelling of the Bushveld Complex that includes dense material at the crust-mantle boundary, imaging for the first time, remnants of magma staging chambers. They underlie the whole Bushveld Complex and extend westwards to the Molopo Farms Complex in Botswana. Feeders to the Bushveld Complex coincide with intersections of major faults like the Thabazimbi-Murchison Lineament and Sugarbush Fault with the staging chamber. This identification of magmatic staging chambers beneath the Bushveld relates to similar geophysically imaged lower crustal features beneath the Duluth and Stillwater Complexes. Comparison of seismic and gravity data with geochemical models from other complexes aid in development of models for the magmatic architecture of layered mafic intrusions in general.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, began monitoring the Yellowstone River fish bypass channel according to the specifications of the Lower Yellowstone Adaptive Management and Monitoring Plan. The fish bypass channel was constructed to provide upstream migrating fish with a route around a diversion dam. The objective of this study is to monitor the physical and hydraulic characteristics of the bypass channel, including flow split, minimum depth for the deepest continuous 30 cross sectional feet, and mean channel velocity. Data are collected through several sets of measurements within the bypass channel at varying times during the field season. Physical and hydraulic data collected during this study can be used to ensure the hydraulic design criteria of the bypass channel are being met.
This report presents the methods used to monitor the physical and hydraulic characteristics of the bypass channel. Examples of the types of data collected and summarized as part of this study are provided using three figures and one table. Data collected for this study are summarized and published in an accompanying U.S. Geological Survey data release. The monitoring data can be used by the cooperating agencies to help describe the preferred hydraulic conditions for Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes and Richardson, 1905; pallid sturgeon) passage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Stephens, J.B., Alexander, J.S., and Siefken, S.A., 2024, Yellowstone River fish bypass channel physical and hydraulic monitoring, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1189, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1189.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-156045","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425226,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q1TR1U","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Physical and hydraulic monitoring on the Yellowstone River fish bypass channel, Montana, May 2022 to August 2023"},{"id":499104,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116024.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1189/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425223,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1189/dr1189.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1189"},{"id":425224,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1189/dr1189.XML"},{"id":425225,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1189/images/"},{"id":425227,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":425228,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1189/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River Intake Diversion Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.56423730516126,\n 47.292078436200825\n ],\n [\n -104.56423730516126,\n 47.254544294660235\n ],\n [\n -104.50580646209615,\n 47.254544294660235\n ],\n [\n -104.50580646209615,\n 47.292078436200825\n ],\n [\n -104.56423730516126,\n 47.292078436200825\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
We compared three sets of highly resolved food webs with and without parasites for a subarctic lake system corresponding to its pelagic and benthic compartments and the whole-lake food web. Key topological food-web metrics were calculated for each set of compartments to explore the role parasites play in food-web topology in these highly contrasting webs. After controlling for effects from differences in web size, we observed similar responses to the addition of parasites in both the pelagic and benthic compartments demonstrated by increases in trophic levels, linkage density, connectance, generality, and vulnerability despite the contrasting composition of free-living and parasitic species between the two compartments. Similar effects on food-web topology can be expected with the inclusion of parasites, regardless of the physical characteristics and taxonomic community compositions of contrasting environments. Additionally, similar increases in key topological metrics were found in the whole-lake food web that combines the pelagic and benthic webs, effects that are comparable to parasite food-web analyses from other systems. These changes in topological metrics are a result of the unique properties of parasites as infectious agents and the links they participate in. Trematodes were key contributors to these results, as these parasites have distinct characteristics in aquatic systems that introduce new link types and increase the food web’s generality and vulnerability disproportionate to other parasites. Our analysis highlights the importance of incorporating parasites, especially trophically transmitted parasites, into food webs as they significantly alter key topological metrics and are thus essential for understanding an ecosystem’s structure and functioning.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","doi":"10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5406.3.11","usgsCitation":"Scott, B.F., Chesser, R., Unitt, P., and Burns, K., 2024, Driophlox, a new genus of cardinalid (Aves: Passeriformes: Cardinalidae): Zootaxa, v. 5406, no. 3, p. 497-500, https://doi.org/10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5406.3.11.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"500","ipdsId":"IP-154703","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5406","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Ben F","contributorId":334186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":87669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unitt, Philip","contributorId":316753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unitt","given":"Philip","affiliations":[{"id":16175,"text":"San Diego Natural History Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Kevin J","contributorId":145564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"Kevin J","affiliations":[{"id":5088,"text":"SDSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251376,"text":"70251376 - 2024 - Using stochastic point pattern analysis to track regional orientations of magmatism during the transition to cenozoic extension and Rio Grande rifting, Southern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T12:52:06.549389","indexId":"70251376","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-07T06:47:06","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using stochastic point pattern analysis to track regional orientations of magmatism during the transition to cenozoic extension and Rio Grande rifting, Southern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"The southern Rocky Mountains in Colorado and northern New Mexico hosted intracontinental magmatism that developed during a tectonic transition from shortening (Laramide orogeny, ca. 75 to 40 Ma) through extension and rifting. We present a novel approach that uses stochastic weighted bootstrap simulations of a large set of new and historical geochronology data to better understand how regional anisotropies responsible for focusing magma emplacement evolved through time. This technique can detect subtle trends in directional distributions, including multi-modal orientations, and can be filtered from regional to local scales. Our results indicate that magmatism followed first the northeast trend of the Colorado mineral belt between 75 and 40 Ma and deviated afterward. These deviations vary depending on the scale of the analysis. At the smallest scale we evaluated (<75 km), the orientation of magmatism from 45 to 30 Ma rotated counter-clockwise before aligning with the north-south trend of the modern Rio Grande rift. Larger, regional-scale analyses indicate magma centers between 40 to 35 Ma and 25 to 20 Ma were dominantly oriented southwest-northeast, whereas magmatism between 35 and 25 Ma had north-south orientation. The large areal footprint of magmatism and shifting regional patterns suggest that ancient zones of weakness in the North American lithosphere accommodated magma flow at different moments in time, rather than controlled by a retreating interface of the Farallon and North American plates.
Unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) may provide cheaper, safer, and more accurate and precise alternatives to traditional waterfowl survey techniques while also reducing disturbance to waterfowl. We evaluated availability and perception bias based on machine-learning-based non-breeding waterfowl count estimates derived from aerial imagery collected using a DJI Mavic Pro 2 on Missouri Department of Conservation intensively managed wetland Conservation Areas. UASs imagery was collected using a proprietary software for automated flight path planning in a back-and-forth transect flight pattern at ground sampling distances (GSDs) of 0.38–2.29 cm/pixel (15–90 m in altitude). The waterfowl in the images were labeled by trained labelers and simultaneously analyzed using a modified YOLONAS image object detection algorithm developed to detect waterfowl in aerial images. We used three generalized linear mixed models with Bernoulli distributions to model availability and perception (correct detection and false-positive) detection probabilities. The variation in waterfowl availability was best explained by the interaction of vegetation cover type, sky condition, and GSD, with more complex and taller vegetation cover types reducing availability at lower GSDs. The probability of the algorithm correctly detecting available birds showed no pattern in terms of vegetation cover type, GSD, or sky condition; however, the probability of the algorithm generating incorrect false-positive detections was best explained by vegetation cover types with features similar in size and shape to the birds. We used a modified Horvitz–Thompson estimator to account for availability and perception biases (including false positives), resulting in a corrected count error of 5.59 percent. Our results indicate that vegetation cover type, sky condition, and GSD influence the availability and detection of waterfowl in UAS surveys; however, using well-trained algorithms may produce accurate counts per image under a variety of conditions.
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Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5128","displayTitle":"An Update of Hydrologic Conditions and Distribution of Selected Constituents in Water, Eastern Snake River Aquifer and Perched Groundwater Zones, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, Emphasis 2019–21","title":"An update of hydrologic conditions and distribution of selected constituents in water, eastern Snake River aquifer and perched groundwater zones, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, emphasis 2019–21","docAbstract":"Since 1952, wastewater discharged to infiltration ponds (also called “percolation ponds”) and disposal wells at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has affected water quality in the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer and perched groundwater zones underlying the INL. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), maintains groundwater-monitoring networks at the INL to determine hydrologic trends and to delineate the movement of radiochemical and chemical wastes in both the aquifer and perched groundwater zones. This report presents an analysis of water-level and water-quality data collected from the ESRP aquifer and perched groundwater wells from the USGS groundwater monitoring networks during 2019–21.
From March–May 2018 to March–May 2021, water levels in wells completed in the ESRP aquifer increased in the northern part of the INL and decreased in the southwestern part. Water-level increases ranged from 0.02 to 1.04 feet in the northern part and decreases ranged from 0.03 to 2.94 feet in the southwestern part of the INL.
Detectable concentrations of radiochemical constituents in water samples from wells in the ESRP aquifer at the INL generally decreased or remained constant during 2019–21. Decreases in concentrations were attributed to radioactive decay, changes in waste-disposal methods, and dilution from recharge and underflow.
In 2021, tritium was detected above reporting levels in water samples collected from 46 of 105 aquifer wells and ranged from 150±50 to 4,280±150 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). Tritium concentrations from eight wells completed in deep perched groundwater near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex (ATRC) generally were greater than or equal to the reporting level during at least one sampling event during 2019–21, and concentrations ranged from 160±50 to 2,097±107 pCi/L. Concentrations of strontium-90 in water from 12 of 45 aquifer wells sampled in 2021 exceeded the reporting level, and concentrations ranged from 2.5±0.7 to 299±6 pCi/L. During 2021, concentrations of strontium-90 from five wells completed in deep perched groundwater at the ATRC equaled or exceeded the reporting levels, and concentrations ranged from 3±0.9 pCi/L to 27.8±1.3 pCi/L. Concentrations of cesium-137 were less than the reporting level in all but one aquifer well, and concentrations of plutonium-238, plutonium-239, -240 (undivided), and americium-241 were less than the reporting level in water samples from all aquifer wells sampled during this study period.
Dissolved chromium concentrations in water samples from 64 ESRP aquifer wells ranged from less than (<) 0.5 to 76.4 micrograms per liter (μg/L). During 2019–21, dissolved chromium was detected in water from wells completed in deep perched groundwater above the ESRP aquifer at the ATRC, and concentrations ranged from <1 to 82.1 μg/L.
In 2021, concentrations of dissolved sodium in water from most ESRP aquifer wells in the southern part of the INL were greater than the western tributary groundwater background concentration of 8.3 milligrams per liter (mg/L). During 2021, dissolved sodium concentrations in water from 15 wells completed in deep perched groundwater ranged from 11.7 to 122.5 mg/L. Variations in sodium concentrations in aquifer wells and perched groundwater zones are attributed to either migration of remnant water from the former chemical-waste ponds or disposal volume and composition variability in percolation ponds installed in 2008.
In 2021, concentrations of chloride in most water samples from ESRP aquifer wells south of the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) and at the Central Facilities Area (CFA) exceeded background concentrations. Chloride concentrations in water from wells south of the INTEC have generally decreased because of discontinued chloride disposal to the legacy percolation ponds since 2002 when the discharge of wastewater was discontinued. During 2019–21, dissolved chloride concentrations in deep perched groundwater above the ESRP aquifer from 18 wells at the ATRC ranged from 8.15 to 231 mg/L.
In 2021, sulfate concentrations in water samples from ESRP aquifer wells in the south-central part of the INL that exceeded the background concentration of sulfate, ranged from 21 to 141 mg/L. The greater-than-background concentrations in water from these wells are attributed to sulfate disposal at the ATRC infiltration ponds or the legacy INTEC percolation ponds. In 2021, sulfate concentrations in water samples from aquifer wells near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) were mostly greater than background concentrations. The maximum dissolved sulfate concentration in shallow perched groundwater near the ATRC was 575 mg/L in 2021. During 2021, dissolved sulfate concentrations in water from wells completed in deep perched groundwater near the cold waste ponds at the ATRC ranged from 22.3 to 519 mg/L.
In 2021, concentrations of nitrate in water from most ESRP aquifer wells at and near the INTEC exceeded the western tributary groundwater background concentration of 0.655 mg/L. Concentrations of nitrate in aquifer wells southwest of INTEC and farther away from the influence of disposal areas and the Big Lost River, in intermittent source of surface water recharge to the aquifer, show a general decrease in nitrate concentration over time. Two aquifer wells south of INTEC show increasing trends that could result from wastewater beneath the INTEC tank farm being mobilized to the aquifer.
During 2019–21, water samples from several ESRP aquifer wells were collected and analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Twelve VOCs were detected, and 1–4 VOCs were detected in water samples from 10 wells. The most frequently detected VOCs include carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane), trichloromethane, tetrachloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethene. In 2019–21, concentrations for all VOCs were less than their respective maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for drinking water, except carbon tetrachloride in one well, trichloroethene in two wells, and vinyl chloride in one well.
During 2019–21, variability and bias were evaluated from 34 replicate and 14 blank quality-assurance samples. Results from replicate analyses were investigated to evaluate sample variability. Constituents with acceptable reproducibility were major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and VOCs. All radiochemical constituents including gross alpha- and beta- radioactivity, strontium-90, cesium-137, and tritium, had acceptable reproducibility. Bias from sample contamination was evaluated from equipment, field, and source-solution blanks. Chloride and sulfate were detected slightly above their respective method detection limits in equipment and field blanks, but at concentrations well below the co-collected sample for that well. These chloride and sulfate detections in the field and equipment blanks were inconsequential because they weren’t detected above the analysis-specific variability for those constituents as determined by replicate sample result evaluation. None of the detections of nutrients and trace inorganic constituents were high enough to indicate environmental sample or analytical procedure bias.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235128","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22261Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Rd
Boise, Idaho 83702-4520
Fish movements in regulated rivers can be challenging to study because anthropogenic modifications, such as locks and dams, can influence animal behavior. Upper Mississippi River Lock and Dam 19 (LD 19), for example, is an invasive carp movement bottleneck due to an impassable dam. Upstream fish passage at LD19 is restricted to the lock chamber, making it an optimal location to test invasive fish deterrents that could limit further range expansion. Evaluating the effectiveness of experimental deterrents requires baseline knowledge of fish movements and suitable sample sizes of fish encountering the deterrents to ensure adequate statistical power. Some evidence indicates fish with prior upstream experience may return upstream or challenge potential deterrents at a higher rate than fish without such experience. To test how previous upstream experience could increase the rate at which fish moved upstream through a navigation lock chamber, we compared upstream passage through LD 19 using bigheaded carp captured below the dam (downstream-origin) and two groups of bigheaded carp captured upstream from the dam: those that swam downstream on their own volition (upstream-origin fish) and those that were captured upstream and translocated downstream of LD 19 (translocated upstream-origin). Translocated upstream-origin carp demonstrated the highest rate of upstream passage, with 59% of the fish detected downstream from LD 19 passing upstream during our study. In contrast, downstream-origin carp made no upstream passages over 2 years. Fish origin was shown to influence upstream passage success. This may be an important consideration for fish passage studies and deterrent evaluations.
Detailed understanding of crustal components and tectonic history of forearcs is important due to their geological complexity and high seismic hazard. The principal component of the Cascadia forearc is Siletzia, a composite basaltic terrane of oceanic origin. Much is known about the lithology and age of the province. However, glacial sediments blanketing the Puget Lowland obscure its lateral extent and internal structure, hindering our ability to fully understand its tectonic history and its influence on modern deformation. In this study, we apply map-view interpretation and two-dimensional modeling of aeromagnetic and gravity data to the magnetically stratified Siletzia terrane revealing its internal structure and characterizing its eastern boundary. These analyses suggest the contact between Siletzia (Crescent Formation) and the Eocene accretionary prism trends northward under Lake Washington. North of Seattle, this boundary dips east where it crosses the Kingston arch, whereas south of Seattle the contact dips west where it crosses the Seattle uplift (SU). This westward dip is opposite the dip of the Eocene subduction interface, implying obduction of Siletzia upper crust at this southern location. Elongate pairs of high and low magnetic anomalies over the SU suggest imbrication of steeply-dipping, deeply rooted slices of Crescent Formation within Siletzia. We hypothesize these features result from duplication of Crescent Formation in an accretionary fold-thrust belt during the Eocene. The active Seattle fault divides this Eocene fold-thrust belt into two zones with different structural trends and opposite frontal ramp dips, suggesting the Seattle fault may have originated as a tear fault during accretion.
Fishes exhibit a diverse range of traits encompassing life-history strategies, feeding behaviours and spawning behaviours. These traits mediate fish population responses to changing environmental conditions such as those caused by anthropogenic stressors. The Conasauga River, located in northwestern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee, USA, hosts a diverse assemblage of over 75 species of freshwater fish, some of which are locally or regionally endemic, and many of which are imperilled. Annual monitoring data have shown population declines in multiple fish species of conservation concern in the Conasauga River since at least the 1990s, raising the possibility that other taxa could be declining as well. We quantified temporal changes in fish communities at six shoal sites sampled annually in most years from 1996 to 2022, and asked whether species traits hypothesized to underlie population vulnerability to environmental alteration were correlated with species-specific trends for 32 taxa. We estimated that total counts of fish in annual samples declined by ~2% per year, although declines were uneven among species and generally greater for less abundant taxa. Tests for species traits corresponding to temporal population trends provided evidence that crevice-spawning minnows and smaller-bodied taxa had steeper declines compared with broadcast spawners and larger, longer-lived, more fecund taxa. Lower abundance, reliance on a particular habitat feature, and life-history traits that may limit population resilience to disturbance may all prove useful for identifying riverine fishes at particular risk of future population decline.
Predicting the recurrence times of earthquakes and understanding the physical processes that immediately precede them are two outstanding problems in seismology. Although geodetic measurements record elastic strain accumulation, most faults have recurrence intervals longer than available measurements. Foreshocks provide the principal observations of processes before mainshocks, but variability between sequences limits generalizations of pre-failure behaviour. Here we analyse seismicity and deformation data for highly characteristic caldera collapse earthquakes from 2018 Kīlauea Volcano (Hawaii, USA), with a mean recurrence interval of 1.4 days. These events provide a unique test of stress-induced earthquake recurrence and document processes preceding mainshocks with magnitude greater than five. We show that recurrence intervals are well predicted by stress histories inferred from near-field deformation measurements and that cycle-averaged seismicity reveals a critical phase, minutes before mainshocks, where earthquakes grew larger and seismic moment rate surged dramatically. The average moment rate in the final 15 minutes (0.7% of the mean cycle duration) was 4.75 times the background, a highly significant change. We infer that as the average stress increased, ruptures were more likely to overcome geometric barriers and grow larger, leading to characteristic, whole-fault ruptures. These findings imply that stress heterogeneity influences both earthquake nucleation and growth, including on potentially hazardous tectonic faults.
Plate-coupling estimates and previous seismicity indicate that portions of the Makran megathrust of southern Pakistan and Iran are partially coupled and have the potential to produce future magnitude 7+ earthquakes. However, the GPS observations needed to constrain coupling models are sparse and lead to an incomplete understanding of regional earthquake and tsunami hazard. In this study, we assess GPS velocities for plate coupling of the Makran subduction zone with specific attention to model resolution and the accretionary prism rheology. We use finite element model-derived Green's functions to invert for the interseismic slip deficit under both elastic and viscoelastic Earth assumptions. We use the model resolution matrix to characterize plate-coupling scenarios that are consistent with the limited spatial resolution afforded by GPS observations. We then forward model the corresponding tsunami responses at major coastal cities within the western Indian Ocean basin. Our plate-coupling results show potential segmentation of the megathrust with varying coupling from west to east, but do not rule out a scenario where the entire length of the megathrust could rupture in a single earthquake. The full subduction zone rupture scenarios suggest that the Makran may be able to produce earthquakes up to Mw 9.2. The corresponding tsunami model from the largest earthquake event (Mw 9.2) estimates maximum wave heights reaching 2–5 m at major port cities in the northern Arabian Sea region. Cities on the west coast of India are less affected (1–2 m). Coastlines bounding eastern Africa, and the Strait of Hormuz, are the least affected (<1 m).
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggae046","usgsCitation":"Cheng, G., Barnhart, W.D., and Small, D., 2024, Constraints from GPS measurements on plate coupling within the Makran subduction zone and tsunami scenarios in the western Indian Ocean: Geophysical Journal International, v. 237, no. 1, p. 288-301, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae046.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"301","ipdsId":"IP-147811","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae046","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"western Indian Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 79.55564486130993,\n 29.50814461693365\n ],\n [\n 26.9592411062265,\n 29.50814461693365\n ],\n [\n 26.9592411062265,\n -31.142757606621387\n ],\n [\n 79.55564486130993,\n -31.142757606621387\n ],\n [\n 79.55564486130993,\n 29.50814461693365\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"237","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Guo","contributorId":369215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"Guo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnhart, William D. 0000-0003-0498-1697 wbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-1697","contributorId":294678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William","email":"wbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Small, David 0000-0003-3606-7664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-7664","contributorId":353460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Small","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70261554,"text":"70261554 - 2024 - A global assessment of environmental and climate influences on wetland macroinvertebrate community structure and function","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-16T15:52:43.706292","indexId":"70261554","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-05T09:49:33","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A global assessment of environmental and climate influences on wetland macroinvertebrate community structure and function","docAbstract":"Estimating organisms' responses to environmental variables and taxon associations across broad spatial scales is vital for predicting their responses to climate change. Macroinvertebrates play a major role in wetland processes, but studies simultaneously exploring both community structure and community trait responses to environmental gradients are still lacking. We compiled a global dataset (six continents) from 756 depressional wetlands, including the occurrence of 96 macroinvertebrate families, their phylogenetic tree, and 19 biological traits. Using Bayesian hierarchical joint species distribution models (JSDMs), we estimated macroinvertebrate associations and compared the influences of local and climatic predictors on both individual macroinvertebrate families and their traits. While macroinvertebrate families were mainly related to broad-scale factors (maximum temperature and precipitation seasonality), macroinvertebrate traits were strongly related to local wetland hydroperiod. Interestingly, macroinvertebrate families and traits both showed positive and negative associations to the same environmental variables. As expected, many macroinvertebrate family occurrences were positively associated with temperature, but a few showed the opposite pattern and were found in cooler or montane regions. We also found that wetland macroinvertebrate communities would likely be affected by changing climates through alterations in traits related to precipitation seasonality, temperature seasonality, and wetland area. Temperature increases may negatively affect collector and shredder functional groups. A decrease in precipitation could lead to reductions in wetland area benefiting drought-tolerant macroinvertebrates, but it may negatively affect macroinvertebrates lacking those adaptations. Wetland processes may be compromised through broad-scale environmental changes altering macroinvertebrate family distributions and local hydroperiod shifts altering organism traits. Our complementary family-based and trait-based approaches elucidate the complex effects that climate change may produce on wetland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17173","usgsCitation":"Epele, L., Williams-Subiza, E.A., Bird, M.S., Boissezon, A., Boix, D., Demierre, E., Fair, C., Garcia, P., Gascon, S., Grech, M.G., Greig, H., Jeffries, M., Kneitel, J.M., Loskutova, O., Maltchik, L., Manzo, L.M., Mataloni, G., McLean, K., Mlambo, M.C., Oertli, B., Pires, M.M., Sala, J., Scheibler, E.E., Stenert, C., Wu, H., Wissinger, S., and Batzer, D., 2024, A global assessment of environmental and climate influences on wetland macroinvertebrate community structure and function: Global Change Biology, v. 30, no. 2, e17173, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17173.","productDescription":"e17173, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154268","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/234418","text":"External 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780, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Matthew S.","contributorId":279558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":57281,"text":"Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boissezon, Aurelie","contributorId":279559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boissezon","given":"Aurelie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57282,"text":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, HEPIA, 150 route de Presinge, CH- 1254 Jussy/ Geneva, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boix, Dani 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Georgia, Athens, GA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Garcia, Patricia","contributorId":347188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[{"id":57284,"text":"Grupo de Ecología de Sistemas Acuáticos a escala de Paisaje (GESAP) INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche (8400), Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gascon, Stephanie","contributorId":347191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gascon","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57283,"text":"GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Grech, Marta G.","contributorId":279583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grech","given":"Marta","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":57276,"text":"Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CONICET-UNPSJB), Roca 12 780, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Greig, Hamish S.","contributorId":279555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greig","given":"Hamish S.","affiliations":[{"id":57280,"text":"University of Maine, 212 Deering Hall, Orono, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jeffries, Michael","contributorId":279564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffries","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57285,"text":"Department of Geography & Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tune, NE1 8ST, 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Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Maltchik, Leonardo","contributorId":279585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maltchik","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[{"id":57300,"text":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), 950 Unisinos av, São Leopoldo, RS, 9 Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Manzo, Luz M.","contributorId":279567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manzo","given":"Luz","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":57276,"text":"Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CONICET-UNPSJB), Roca 12 780, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Mataloni, Gabriela 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0000-0001-6802-8702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-8702","contributorId":279572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheibler","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":57290,"text":"Entomology Laboratory, IADIZA CCT Mendoza CONICET, Av. Adrián Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Stenert, Cristina","contributorId":279584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stenert","given":"Cristina","affiliations":[{"id":57300,"text":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), 950 Unisinos av, São Leopoldo, RS, 9 Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Wu, Haitao","contributorId":279573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Haitao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":57291,"text":"Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Wissinger, Scott A","contributorId":279574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wissinger","given":"Scott A","affiliations":[{"id":57292,"text":"Biology and Environmental Science Departments, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA 16335, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Batzer, Darold P.","contributorId":279575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batzer","given":"Darold P.","affiliations":[{"id":57293,"text":"Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70251289,"text":"sir20235122 - 2024 - Hydrology and water quality of a dune-and-swale wetland adjacent to the Grand Calumet River, Indiana, 2019–22","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:15:42.409324","indexId":"sir20235122","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-05T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5122","displayTitle":"Hydrology and Water Quality of a Dune-and-Swale Wetland Adjacent to the Grand Calumet River, Indiana, 2019–22","title":"Hydrology and water quality of a dune-and-swale wetland adjacent to the Grand Calumet River, Indiana, 2019–22","docAbstract":"Adverse ecological and water-quality effects associated with industrial land-use changes are common for littoral wetlands connected to river mouth ecosystems in the Grand Calumet River-Indiana Harbor Canal Area of Concern. These effects can be exacerbated by recent high Lake Michigan water levels that are problematic for wetland restoration. Wetlands in the adjacent Clark and Pine Nature Preserve and Pine Station Nature Preserve are intended to mitigate wetland destruction in the area of concern by restoring residual dune-and-swale wetlands and preserving habitat for endangered and threatened plant species. Physical hydrology and water-quality monitoring of restored wetland cells at the preserves were initiated during 2019 to evaluate changes after wetland restoration efforts in 2015 and near record-low water levels in early 2013. Lake Michigan water levels rose steadily between late 2013 and 2018 to record-high water levels in 2019 and 2020. In this report, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and groundwater and surface-water levels are analyzed to better understand wetland inundation controls and flow directions in restored northern dune-and-swale wetland settings relative to the Grand Calumet River. Continuous specific conductance data and discrete water-quality samples were collected and analyzed to provide a synoptic view of water quality for the restored wetlands.
High Lake Michigan water levels affected Grand Calumet River stage and shallow groundwater elevations in the study area after the onset of peak lake levels in June 2019, that persisted through summer 2020, before finally receding in September 2020. Grand Calumet River stage peaked soon after lake levels in July 2019, whereas groundwater elevations in the study area peaked in October 2019. Specific conductance values in closed-basin wetland cells in the western and central parts of the nature preserves indicated a dilution trend and contrasted those of interconnected wetland cells along an eastern corridor, where alterations to wetland cells were more pronounced. Monitoring results indicate that varying seasonal wetland inundation trends with low stands in autumn have returned after high water table conditions owing to high water levels on Lake Michigan. Wetland water balance results during the study period indicated that the wetland ecosystem partially moderated flooding during high lake levels through summer evapotranspiration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Naylor, S., and Gahala, A.M., 2024, Hydrology and water quality of a dune-and-swale wetland adjacent to the Grand Calumet River, Indiana, 2019–22: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5122, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235122.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 29 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-149471","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499387,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116023.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425295,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the nation"},{"id":425294,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5122/images/"},{"id":425293,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5122/sir20235122.XML"},{"id":425292,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235122/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5122"},{"id":425291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5122/sir20235122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5122"},{"id":425290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5122/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Grand Calumet River-Indiana Harbor Canal Area of Concern","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4167,\n 41.6278\n ],\n [\n -87.4167,\n 41.6056\n ],\n [\n -87.35,\n 41.6056\n ],\n [\n -87.35,\n 41.6278\n ],\n [\n -87.4167,\n 41.6278\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6460 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229
Resin-coated proppants (RCPs) are used in hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells to improve well performance; however, these proppants could be a cause for environmental concern if they are disposed of improperly. In this study, we investigate the water-leachable organic and inorganic constituents from proppants collected from surficial releases of RCPs in southeastern New Mexico. Significant concentrations of nonvolatile dissolved organic matter (>100 mg C/L) and phenolic compounds (>50 mg phenol/L) were identified in one of the proppant leachates, with further gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identifying isomers of bisphenol F, a known endocrine disruptor analogous to bisphenol A, as the main organic constituents within this leachate. Fluorescence excitation–emission matrices analyses of proppant leachates identified several peaks associated with phenolic compounds, similar to previously studied oilfield wastewaters. Precursors of polyurethane production, including the inhalation sensitizer methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, were identified in the leachate from another proppant sample. An understanding of leachable compounds from RCPs is vital to management of environmental contamination from surficial releases, protecting the public and industry workers from associated hazards, and identifying the sources of organic compounds in oilfield wastewaters.
Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus is an emerging invasive species in North America with an expanding population in the Mississippi River basin. Current aging methods use a suite of structures for age estimation, and a single structure is needed to minimize processing time, to maximize consistency of age and growth measurements, and to allow for back-calculation of individual fish length at age.
In total, 236 Black Carp were collected throughout the year from 2017 to 2019 through incidental captures by commercial fishers and biologists. In a subsample, 119 Black Carp from 429 to 1268 mm total length were compared for the precision of annuli counts by two experienced readers for the two anterior pectoral fin rays, the anterior dorsal fin ray, sectioned vertebrae, and lapilli otoliths based on percent exact agreement (PA), percent agreement within 1 year (PA ± 1), coefficient of variation (CV), and bubble plots. Consensus annuli counts were compared by PA and CV between structures. We applied annuli counts, as opposed to age, as fish were collected during all seasons and structures were examined independently by readers without knowledge of capture date.
Vertebrae and dorsal rays had the highest PA between readers. Dorsal ray had the lowest CV and higher PA ± 1. Pectoral rays and lapilli otoliths had the lowest PA. Between-structure consensus annuli counts indicated that pectoral rays and the dorsal ray annuli counts were the most similar (PA >70% and CV <12) and lapilli otoliths were the most dissimilar (PA >35% and CV >24). Reader-reported confidence was highest for vertebrae, then in decreasing order, dorsal ray, pectoral rays, and lapilli otoliths. Lumens were present in all fin rays with only minor effects observed on annuli counts, aside from the anterior-most pectoral fin ray, in which lumens obscured the presence of one or more potential annuli in 61% of structures.
The dorsal ray had the highest agreement between readers, with agreement with ±1 year at 98%; the structure can be efficiently extracted and processed, and the structure's morphology and growth pattern are conducive to aging older fish. Vertebrae had high agreement between readers, but a systematic pattern of double bands in vertebrae increased the between-reader variation in older fish as the interannual growth pattern compressed the viewable area; this was identified by readers based on aging criteria and highlights the need for training novice readers. Validation of annual growth in the tested suite of structures is still needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10983","usgsCitation":"Kroboth, P., Herndon, A.M., Cox, C., and Fischer, J.R., 2024, Precision of four calcified structures for age estimation of Black Carp: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 44, no. 1, p. 235-243, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10983.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"243","ipdsId":"IP-155532","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVSD5N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Age estimates of captured Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) using four calcified structures, 2017-2019"},{"id":427138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.66160820327144,\n 29.20097681191031\n ],\n [\n -84.81785820327123,\n 29.20097681191031\n ],\n [\n -84.81785820327123,\n 39.34355042198192\n ],\n [\n -94.66160820327144,\n 39.34355042198192\n ],\n [\n -94.66160820327144,\n 29.20097681191031\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroboth, Patrick 0000-0002-9447-4818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-4818","contributorId":216578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroboth","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herndon, Anne Marie 0000-0002-7057-0303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-0303","contributorId":332776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herndon","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Cortney 0000-0003-3851-3584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-3584","contributorId":218826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Cortney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischer, Jesse Robert 0000-0002-9071-7931","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-7931","contributorId":329677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70252604,"text":"70252604 - 2024 - Local and systemic replicative fitness for viruses in specialist, generalist, and non-specialist interactions with salmonid hosts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-01T11:55:40.316758","indexId":"70252604","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-05T06:54:29","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2301,"text":"Journal of General Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local and systemic replicative fitness for viruses in specialist, generalist, and non-specialist interactions with salmonid hosts","docAbstract":"Host tissues represent diverse resources or barriers for pathogen replicative fitness. We tested whether viruses in specialist, generalist, and non-specialist interactions replicate differently in local entry tissue (fin), and systemic target tissue (kidney) using infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and three salmonid fish hosts. Virus tissue replication was host specific, but one feature was shared by specialists and the generalist which was uncommon in the non-specialist interactions: high host entry and replication capacity in the local tissue after contact. Moreover, specialists showed increased replication in systemic target tissues early after host contact. By comparing ancestral and derived IHNV viruses, we also characterized replication tradeoffs associated with specialist and generalist evolution. Compared with the ancestral virus, a derived specialist gained early local replicative fitness in the new host but lost replicative fitness in the ancestral host. By contrast, a derived generalist showed small replication losses relative to the ancestral virus in the ancestral host but increased early replication in the local tissue of novel hosts. This study shows that the mechanisms of specialism and generalism are host specific and that local and systemic replication can contribute differently to overall within host replicative fitness for specialist and generalist viruses.
Soil erosion can have a multitude of negative impacts on agroecosystems and society and there remains an urgent need for tools to support its management. Quantitative benchmarks based on holistic understanding of erosion processes, ecosystem function, and land use objectives can be used with monitoring data and models to inform assessments and make objective and actionable decisions about erosion management. However, managers currently lack a framework for establishing benchmarks. Here, we present a framework and evaluation of different approaches to establishing quantitative benchmarks for soil erosion and ecological monitoring and assessment that can inform land management decisions. We use monitoring data collected across Chihuahuan Desert ecosystems in the United States and an aeolian sediment transport model to illustrate how benchmarks can be established. Approaches include establishing benchmarks from relationships between soil erosion indicators, reference states and land potential, including state-and-transition models, and desired conditions from existing monitoring data. We discuss the benefits and caveats of the different approaches and show how combining different benchmarking approaches can help users ensure that benchmarks appropriately reflect thresholds for soil erosion and achievable management outcomes. We finish by identifying future research needs to support establishment and application of erosion benchmarks across agroecosystems and recognize the opportunity to extend the benchmarking approaches to management of other agroecosystem processes and services.
Nontarget organisms are exposed to pesticides following applications in agricultural and urban settings, potentially resulting in deleterious effects. Direct measurements of pesticides in biological tissues may aid in characterizing exposure, accumulation, and potential toxicity versus analyses in environmental media alone (e.g., water, soil, and air). Plasma represents a nonlethal sampling medium that can be used to assess recent exposures to contaminants. Herein, a method was developed to test the extraction of 210 pesticides and their transformation products in small volume plasma samples (100 μL). Plasma samples were protein precipitated with 0.5 % formic acid in acetonitrile added to the sample (ratio of 3.5:1). Pass-through solid phase extraction was used for sample matrix and lipid removal and samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries of 70.0–129.8 % were achieved for 182 pesticides and degradates across the low (25 ng mL−1), medium (100 ng mL−1), and high (250 ng mL−1) spike levels. Method detection levels ranged 0.4–13.0 ng mL−1. Following development, the method was applied to smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) plasma samples (n = 10) collected from adults in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Individual plasma samples resulted in four to seven analytes detected with summed concentrations ranging 16.4–95.0 ng mL−1. Biological multiresidue pesticide methods help elucidate recent exposures of bioactive compounds to nontarget organisms.
Fuel-treatments targeting shrubs and fire-prone exotic annual grasses (EAGs) are increasingly used to mitigate increased wildfire risks in arid and semiarid environments, and understanding their response to natural factors is needed for effective landscape management. Using field-data collected over four years from fuel-break treatments in semiarid sagebrush-steppe, we asked 1) how the outcomes of EAG and sagebrush fuel treatments varied with site biophysical properties, climate, and weather, and 2) how predictions of fire behavior using the Fuel Characteristic Classification System fire model related to land-management objectives of maintaining fire behavior expected of low-load, dry-climate grasslands. Generalized linear mixed effect modeling with build-up model selection was used to determine best-fit models, and marginal effects plots to assess responses for each fuel type. EAG cover decreased as antecedent-fall precipitation increased and increased as antecedent-spring temperatures and surface soil clay contents increased. Herbicides targeting EAGs were less effective where pre-treatment EAG cover was >40 % and antecedent spring temperatures were >9.5 °C. Sagebrush cover was inversely related to soil clay content, especially where clay contents were >17 %. Predicted fire behavior exceeded management objectives under 1) average fire weather conditions when EAG or sagebrush cover was >50 % or >26 %, respectively, or 2) extreme fire weather conditions when EAG or sagebrush cover was >10 % or >8 %, respectively. Consideration of the strong effects of natural variability in site properties and antecedent weather can help in justifying, planning and implementing fuel-treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120154","usgsCitation":"Price, S.J., and Germino, M., 2024, Variability in weather and site properties affect fuel and fire behavior following fuel treatments in semiarid sagebrush-steppe.: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 353, 120154, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120154.","productDescription":"120154, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160859","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":427519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.28067848891584,\n 43.828298445785606\n ],\n [\n -117.28067848891584,\n 43.29669949329988\n ],\n [\n -116.5936953012818,\n 43.29669949329988\n ],\n [\n -116.5936953012818,\n 43.828298445785606\n ],\n [\n -117.28067848891584,\n 43.828298445785606\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"353","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Samuel J. 0000-0003-4172-4139","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-4139","contributorId":297001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":251901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70251255,"text":"sim3516 - 2024 - Generalized potentiometric maps of the Fort Union, Hell Creek, and Fox Hills aquifers within the Standing Rock Reservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T21:46:21.199381","indexId":"sim3516","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-02T10:18:36","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3516","displayTitle":"Generalized Potentiometric Maps of the Fort Union, Hell Creek, and Fox Hills Aquifers within the Standing Rock Reservation","title":"Generalized potentiometric maps of the Fort Union, Hell Creek, and Fox Hills aquifers within the Standing Rock Reservation","docAbstract":"Generalized potentiometric surfaces of the Fort Union, Hell Creek, and Fox Hills aquifers were constructed to assess the groundwater resources of the Standing Rock Reservation. Additionally, this information can provide water managers with tools and data to effectively manage water resources in the future. Previous studies that mapped the geology and hydrogeology of the area at differing scales were used to confirm in which aquifer the study wells were completed. Water-level data from wells are provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater System Inventory database, the South Dakota Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and the North Dakota Department of Water Resources. Hydrographs were constructed for five selected observation wells to evaluate historical water-level fluctuations and trends. Hydrographs for the Hell Creek aquifer showed a flat trend with a rise in 2020. Hydrographs for the deeper Fox Hills aquifer showed that water levels fluctuated in response to climatic conditions and demonstrated an increasing trend in water-level elevations starting in 2010. Hydrographs were not constructed for any wells completed in the Fort Union Formation because none of the wells had continuous long-term measurements.
Generalized potentiometric surfaces, constructed from interpolating water-level elevations, gave insight into groundwater flow directions. Groundwater in the Fort Union aquifer likely flows radially outward from the northwest part of the study area to the northeast and south-southeast parts. Groundwater in the Hell Creek aquifer generally flows from higher elevations in the northwest towards lower areas, where surface-water tributaries have incised into the aquifer. Groundwater in the Fox Hills aquifer likely flows from higher elevations in the west, southwest, and central parts of the study area towards the valleys of the Grand River and Missouri River.
Most wells used for constructing potentiometric maps had only one recorded water-level measurement from drillers at the time of well construction. These measurements are often subject to error because the well is still recovering and because of spatial limitations of data availability. Also, because single water-level measurements were recorded at different points in time, additional uncertainty is introduced by fluctuating climatic conditions effect on water levels. Potentiometric map interpretation limitations are a result of areas with sparse data. Limitations also arise from potentiometric surfaces generalizing a complex and dynamic hydrogeologic system; however, the generalized potentiometric surface maps can be used to assist water managers and can help prioritize locations for future monitoring in areas with high uncertainty from sparse existing data.
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821 East Interstate Avenue, Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road, Rapid City, SD 57702