Problem: Questions have been raised concerning the adequacy of available water to fulfill the needs of storage, exchanges, diversions, and instream flows, pursuant to existing water rights in the Provo River drainage basin part of the Bonneville Unit. Also, concern has been expressed about the potential for seepage of water from Jordanelle Reservoir to underground mines. The Utah Congressional Delegation requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) review the results of analyses performed by and for the USBR.
Purpose and Scope: The purpose of this report is to present the results of the USGS review of (1) the hydrologic data, techniques, and model used by the USBR in their hydrologic analyses of the Provo River drainage basin and (2) the results of a study of the potential for seepage from the Jordanelle Reservoir to nearby underground mines.
The USGS reviewed USBR-supplied water demands, water utilization studies, and models of seepage from Jordanelle Reservoir. The USBR estimated that about 90 percent of the water supply for Jordanelle Reservoir will be water from Strawberry Reservoir exchanged for water from the Provo River stored in Utah Lake. If the Utah State Engineer allows the USBR to claim an estimated 19,700 acre-feet of return flows from the CUP, only about 77 percent of the supply would be derived from exchange of existing water rights in Utah Lake. The USGS assumed that planned importations of water from the Uinta Basin will be available and deliverable to fulfill the proposed exchanges.
Water rights and demands are important for determining water availability. The USGS did not conduct an independent review of water rights and demands. The USSR and Utah Division of Water Rights use different methods in some areas for determining stress on the system based on past records. The USSR used \"historical observed diversions\" and the Utah Division of Water Rights use \"diversion entitlements\", which may not be equal to the historical diversions. The USGS based its review upon water demands used by the USSR. The Utah Division of Water Rights has responsibility for granting and enforcing water rights, and the final decisions on how the rights will be adjudicated lies with the Utah Division of Water Rights and with the courts. The USGS review did not consider the draft water distribution plan for the Utah Lake drainage basin proposed by the Utah State Engineer (written commun., October 15,1991). This plan, when finalized, may have an effect on water availability to the CUP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr91514","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Freethey, G., Susong, D., and Pyper, G., 1991, Review of water demand and water utilization studies for the Provo River drainage basin, and review of a study of the effects of the proposed Jordanelle Reservoir on seepage to underground mines, Bonneville unit of the central Utah project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-514, iii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91514.","productDescription":"iii, 111 p.","numberOfPages":"116","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18156.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":46836,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0514/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0514/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Provo River drainage basin, proposed Jordanelle Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.661,\n 40.196\n ],\n [\n -110.875,\n 40.196\n ],\n [\n -110.875,\n 40.754\n ],\n [\n -111.661,\n 40.754\n ],\n [\n -111.661,\n 40.196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freethey, G. W.","contributorId":105714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"G. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, D. D.","contributorId":12868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pyper, G. E.","contributorId":35337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyper","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":49505,"text":"ofr91313B - 1991 - Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado; analytical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T11:24:37","indexId":"ofr91313B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-313","chapter":"B","title":"Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado; analytical data","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr91313B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Lipman, P.W., and Sawyer, D.A., 1991, Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado; analytical data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-313, 1 WK1 file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91313B.","productDescription":"1 WK1 file","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269594,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0313b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":239771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4702,"text":"twri06A2 - 1991 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14618,"text":"ofr88482 - 1988 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"ofr88482","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4702,"text":"twri06A2 - 1991 - Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","indexId":"twri06A2","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri06A2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A2","title":"Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model","docAbstract":"Removal of ground water by pumping from aquifers may result in compaction of compressible fine-grained beds that are within or adjacent to the aquifers. Compaction of the sediments and resulting land subsidence may be permanent if the head declines result in vertical stresses beyond the previous maximum stress. The process of permanent compaction is not routinely included in simulations of ground-water flow. To simulate storage changes from both elastic and inelastic compaction, a computer program was written for use with the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground- water flow model. The new program, the Interbed-Storage Package, is designed to be incorporated into this model.\r\nIn the Interbed-Storage Package, elastic compaction or expansion is assumed to be proportional to change in head. The constant of proportionality is the product of the skeletal component of elastic specific storage and the thickness of the sediments. Similarly, inelastic compaction is assumed to be proportional to decline in head. The constant of proportionality is the product of the skeletal component of inelastic specific storage and the thickness of the sediments. Storage changes are incorporated into the ground-water flow model by adding an additional term to the right-hand side of the flow equation. Within a model time step, the package appropriately apportions storage changes between elastic and inelastic components on the basis of the relation of simulated head to the previous minimum (preconsolidation) head.\r\nTwo tests were performed to verify that the package works correctly. The first test compared model-calculated storage and compaction changes to hand-calculated values for a three-dimensional simulation. Model and hand-calculated values were essentially equal. The second test was performed to compare the results of the Interbed-Storage Package with results of the one-dimensional Helm compaction model. This test problem simulated compaction in doubly draining confining beds stressed by head changes in adjacent aquifers. The Interbed-Storage Package and the Helm model computed essentially equal values of compaction.\r\nDocumentation of the Interbed-Storage Package includes data input instructions, flow charts, narratives, and listings for each of the five modules included in the package. The documentation also includes an appendix describing input instructions and a listing of a computer program for time-variant specified-head boundaries. That package was developed to reduce the amount of data input and output associated with one of the Interbed-Storage Package test problems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/twri06A2","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Prudic, D.E., 1991, Documentation of a computer program to simulate aquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A2, vii, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A2.","productDescription":"vii, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri6a2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c08f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49504,"text":"ofr91313A - 1991 - Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Analytical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T19:13:43.920551","indexId":"ofr91313A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-313","chapter":"A","title":"Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Analytical data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr91313A","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Lipman, P.W., and Sawyer, D.A., 1991, Caldera-related lava flows and intrusions of the south-central San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Analytical data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-313, Report: 19 p.; 1 Plate: 36.51 × 29.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91313A.","productDescription":"Report: 19 p.; 1 Plate: 36.51 × 29.76 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410289,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18116.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":86096,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0313a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0313a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0313a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.057,\n 37.852\n ],\n [\n -107.057,\n 37.551\n ],\n [\n -106.779,\n 37.551\n ],\n [\n -106.779,\n 37.852\n ],\n [\n -107.057,\n 37.852\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":239769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":239768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26916,"text":"wri904158 - 1991 - Geohydrology and water quality in northern Portage County, Ohio, in relation to deep-well brine injection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T20:53:18.931249","indexId":"wri904158","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4158","title":"Geohydrology and water quality in northern Portage County, Ohio, in relation to deep-well brine injection","docAbstract":"Geohydrology and water quality of the principal freshwater aquifers near oilfield and gasfield brine-injection wells in northern Portage County, Ohio, were evaluated. Since 1975, 13 wells in this part of the Country have been used to dispose of more than 4.5 million barrels of brine by injection into Silurian carbonate and sandstone rocks that generally are greater than 3,500 feet below land surface. More than 3,000 feet of interbedded shales, sandstones, carbonates, and evaporites separate the freshwater aquifers from these brine-injection zones. The shallowest brine-injection zone is greater than 2,200 feet below sea level. Native fluids in the injection zones have dissolved-solids concentrations greater than 125,000 milligrams per liter and are hydraulically isolated from the freshwater aquifers. No known faults or fracture systems are present in northern Portage County, although abandoned oil and gas wells could exist and serve as conduits for migration of injected brine.\r\n\r\nPennsylvanian clastic units are freshwater bearing in northern Portage County, and two bedrock aquifers generally are recognized. The shallower bedrock aquifer (Connoquenessing Sandstone Member of the Pottsville Formation) principally consists of sandstone; this aquifer is separated from a deeper sandstone and conglomerate aquifer in the lower part of the Sharon Member (Pottsville Formation) by shale in the upper part of the Sharon Member that acts as a confining unit. The upper sandstone aquifer is the surficial aquifer where overlying glacial deposits are unsaturated in the uplands; glacial deposits comprise the surficial aquifer in buried valleys where the sandstone is absent. These two surficial aquifers are hydraulically connected and act as a single unit. The lower sandstone and conglomerate aquifer is the most areally extensive aquifer within the project area.\r\n\r\nFrom November 1987 through August 1988, ground-water levels remained at least 60 feet higher in the upper sandstone aquifer than in the lower sandstone and conglomerate aquifer at a topographically high recharge area. Water levels in the surficial aquifers and the lower sandstone and conglomerate aquifer were nearly the same along the Cuyahoga River.\r\n\r\nGround water in the upper sandstone aquifer flows radially from topographically high recharge areas into the glacial deposits in the buried valleys. Much of the ground water in these surficial aquifers discharges into the Cuyahoga River. Most ground water in the lower sandstone and conglomerate aquifer flows toward discharge areas near the Cuyahoga River and Eagle Creek. In June 1988, the Cuyahoga River gained 15.8 cubic feet per second of water from the aquifers between the northern edge of Portage County and State Route 303. Ground water may have discharged into the upstream end of Lake Rockwell but did not discharge into the downstream end of the Lake during most of the period from October 1987 through September 1988.\r\n\r\nMeasurements of the specific conductance of ground water sampled from areas near the 13 brine-injection wells and along the Cuyahoga River indicate no widespread ground-water contamination related to brine injection. Chemical analysis of water from 25 wells indicates that most ground waters are a calcium bicarbonate type. Water analyses show that four wells sampled contain water with chloride concentrations greater than 250 milligrams per liter. Sodium concentrations in water from these four wells ranged from 67 to 190 milligrams per liter. A mixing diagram constructed from bromide and chloride data was used to distinguish between the sources of elevated chloride concentrations in these four wells. Waters from two of the wells have been mixed with oilfield and gasfield brine, and waters from the other two wells have been mixed with a salt-solution brine such as that derived from diluted highway-deicing salts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904158","usgsCitation":"Eberts, S.M., 1991, Geohydrology and water quality in northern Portage County, Ohio, in relation to deep-well brine injection: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4158, v, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904158.","productDescription":"v, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415542,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55798,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124788,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4158/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Portage County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.3833,\n 41.3472\n ],\n [\n -81.3833,\n 41.1764\n ],\n [\n -81.13,\n 41.1764\n ],\n [\n -81.13,\n 41.3472\n ],\n [\n -81.3833,\n 41.3472\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015076,"text":"70015076 - 1991 - Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015076","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1022,"text":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey collects and disseminates, in written and digital formats, groundwater and surface-water information related to the tidal and nontidal wetlands of the United States. This information includes quantity, quality, and availability of groundwater and surface water; groundwater and surface-water interactions (recharge-discharge); groundwater flow; and the basic surface-water characteristics of streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Water resources information in digital format can be used in geographic information systems (GISs) for many purposes related to wetlands. US Geological Survey wetland-related activities include collection of information important for assessing and mitigating coastal wetland loss and modification, hydrologic data collection and interpretation, GIS activities, identification of national trends in water quality and quantity, and process-oriented wetland research. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., 1991, Importance of hydrologic data for interpreting wetland maps and assessing wetland loss and mitigation: Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service, v. 90, no. 18, p. 79-85.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a393be4b0c8380cd61856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016421,"text":"70016421 - 1991 - Heart Mountain, Wyoming, detachment lineations: Are they in microbreccia or in volcanic tuff?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T23:05:33.744292","indexId":"70016421","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heart Mountain, Wyoming, detachment lineations: Are they in microbreccia or in volcanic tuff?","docAbstract":"The concept of tectonic denudation followed by deposition of lower middle Eocene Wapiti Formation volcanic rocks on the exposed Heart Mountain detachment has been challenged by Hauge. His \"extending allochthon\" interpretation requires that the Wapiti Formation be fault emplaced and that lineations in a volcanic tuff overlying the fault north of Jim Smith Peak be fault striae in \"microbreccia.\" Our re-examination of the field evidence in minute detail indicates that these lineations were produced by flowage of volcanic rocks on a thin layer of air-fall tuff. The following lines of evidence indicate that this tuff was deposited on the detachment surface during the brief interval that the denuded surface was exposed. (1) Field relations indicate that the Wapiti volcanic rocks are younger than the detachment, and so they could not have been fault emplaced. (2) Lineations occur only on the upper surface of Wapiti Formation tuff; none were found at the contact of the tuff with the detachment surface. (3) The reported direction of translation indicated by the lineations is not consistent. Many lineations in the tuff indicate north and northeast movement—a direction that is consistent with lineations produced by lava flowing from a known vent but inconsistent with a southeast direction of detachment movement. (4) The lineations are restricted to the northwestern part of the area covered by the Wapiti Formation, which is also consistent with their derivation as volcanic flow lineations from a known vent. If the Wapiti had been tectonically emplaced, fault striae should occur elsewhere on the detachment surface, but none have been observed. (5) The lower contact of the tuff with the detachment surface, as seen in thin sections, is irregular, suggesting that it is a depositional rather than a fault contact. (6) The contact between the tuff and overlying Wapiti, as seen in thin sections, is also irregular, as would be expected if the Wapiti volcanic breccia had been deposited on the tuff. Thin sections of the \"microbreccia\" suggest that it is a sedimentary rock, not a \"fault rock.\" (7) A remnant of the tectonic carpet of all-carbonate fault breccia lying on the detachment surface, unmixed with the overlying Wapiti volcanic rock, is compatible with the depositional emplacement of the Wapiti but is not compatible with Wapiti Formation being moved many kilometers across the carpet of all-carbonate fault breccia and not removing or becoming mixed with it.
We report a nine-point RbSr whole-rock isochron age of 70±3 Ma (MSWD 3.97) for Mid-Jurassic volcanic rocks. The same rocks have also been dated by the UThPb method on zircon, giving a crystallization age of 166 ± 11 Ma, over twice as old as the RbSr age. The data demonstrate that whole-rock RbSr ages of volcanic rocks, even lava flows with SiO2 content as low as 57 wt.%, are susceptible to complete resetting.
The rocks range in composition from rhyodacite tuffs to andesite lavas. The complete breakdown of all major minerals that contain Rb and Sr resulted in an alteration mineral assemblage consisting of phengite, albite, secondary quartz, and minor amounts of chlorite and epidote. Phengite is the K-bearing product of the breakdown of biotite and K-feldspar. Pressure during low-grade metamorphism of the volcanic rocks, estimated from phengite composition to have been in the range of 4 to 6 kbar, points to thrust-related burial as the main cause of resetting. Consequently, such reset isochrons may date large-scale events such as regional thrusting and metamorphism. The coherent resetting of the RbSr isochron suggests large-scale pervasive fluid movement during thrust-related burial metamorphism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9622(91)90019-S","issn":"01689622","usgsCitation":"Asmeroma, Y., Damon, P., Shafiqullah, M., Dickinson, W., and Zartman, R., 1991, Resetting of RbSr ages of volcanic rocks by low-grade burial metamorphism: Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section, v. 87, no. 3-4, p. 167-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(91)90019-S.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa96ee4b0c8380cd85dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asmeroma, Y.","contributorId":107856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asmeroma","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Damon, P.","contributorId":57212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damon","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafiqullah, M.","contributorId":95152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafiqullah","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickinson, W.R.","contributorId":64801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":29913,"text":"wri894136 - 1991 - Hydrogeology and water quality of glacial-drift aquifers in the Bemidji-Bagley area, Beltrami, Clearwater, Cass, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T18:38:18.607962","indexId":"wri894136","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4136","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of glacial-drift aquifers in the Bemidji-Bagley area, Beltrami, Clearwater, Cass, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Unconfined and the upper confined aquifers in glacial drift are the primary sources of water in a 1,600 square-mile area including parts of Beltrami, Cass, Clearwater, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota. The unconfineddrift aquifer consists of coarse sand and gravel in the center of the study area. The total area underlain by the unconfined-drift aquifer is approximately 550 square miles. The unconfined aquifer ranges in thickness from 0 to 130 feet, and is greater than 20 feet thick over an area of 280 square miles. On the basis of scant data, the transmissivity of the unconfined aquifer ranges from less than 70 feet squared per day in the south and west to greater than 8,900 feet squared per day in an area west of Bemidji. Well yields from 10 to 300 gallons per minute are possible in some areas. The unconfined and upper confined-drift aquifers are separated by a fine-grained confining unit of till or lake deposits.
\nThe thickness of the upper confined-drift aquifer ranges from 0 to 60 feet in the Bemidji area. On the basis of specific-capacity and aquifer-thickness data, and results of model simulations, the transmissivity of the upper confined-drift aquifer ranges from less than 100 feet squared per day in the south and west parts of the aquifer to about 12,800 feet squared per day in the area around Bemidji. Well yields of 10 to 2,100 gallons per minute are possible in some areas.
\nThe direction of ground-water flow in both unconfined and upper confineddrift aquifers is toward the Mississippi and Clearwater Rivers. These rivers are the major discharge points for both aquifers. Ground-water divides, which separate the ground-water flow systems that discharge to these rivers, are approximately coincidental with surface-water divides between the rivers.
\nWater from both aquifers generally is of the calcium bicarbonate type and is very hard, averaging 309 and 267 milligrams per liter as CaCO3 from confined and unconfined-drift aquifers, respectively. Water from both aquifers generally is suitable for drinking, crop irrigation, and most other uses. Concentrations of ammonia, boron, chromium, iron, manganese, and phenols, however, locally exceed recommended limits for drinking water (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 1988). Longer residence time and leakage through glacial till is believed to cause higher concentrations of common inorganic constituents in water from confined-drift aquifers than concentrations in water from the unconfined-drift aquifer. Elevated concentrations of nutrients, chloride, and phenols in the unconfined-drift aquifer may be related to land-use practices.
\nStatistical comparisons of common chemical constituents in water from wells completed in the unconfined-drift aquifer in several land-use areas suggest that concentrations of many constituents and physical properties are generally greater for wells in areas of commercial and residential land-use than for wells in areas of agriculture or forest land-use. These constituents include ammonia plus organic nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, silica, dissolved solids, and specific conductances. The mean values of ammonia nitrogen, magnesium, and fluoride are generally greater for wells in commercial land-use type areas than for wells in forested and agricultural land-use type areas. The mean concentration of nitrogen (N02 + NO3, dissolved) is generally greater for wells in residential land-use type areas than for wells in forested and agricultural land-use type areas.
\nThe Kruskil-Wallis test, a nonparametric that for 12 of the 21 constituents sampled in groups in the unconfined-drift aquifer, a of these constituents and land use was found statistical technique, indicated common in all land-use type relation between the concentration to be statistically significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri894136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Bemedji-Bagley Ground-Water Study Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., Busch, J.P., and Deters, M.H., 1991, Hydrogeology and water quality of glacial-drift aquifers in the Bemidji-Bagley area, Beltrami, Clearwater, Cass, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4136, x, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894136.","productDescription":"x, 135 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414117,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47226.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Beltrami County, Cass County, Clearwater County, Hubbard County","otherGeospatial":"Bemidji-Bagley area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.5294,\n 47.6906\n ],\n [\n -95.5294,\n 47.12\n ],\n [\n -94.4133,\n 47.12\n ],\n [\n -94.4133,\n 47.6906\n ],\n [\n -95.5294,\n 47.6906\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6251fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busch, J. P.","contributorId":54256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deters, M. H.","contributorId":60277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deters","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26567,"text":"wri904135 - 1990 - A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T12:11:38.515462","indexId":"wri904135","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:05:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4135","title":"A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"The leakage characteristics of channels that partially penetrate the Biscayne aquifer and have reduced bed permeability were studied. Leakage characteristics were described in terms of a reach transmissivity-defined as the volume flow rate out of the channel per unit length of the channel per unit drawdown, where drawdown is defined as the difference in altitude between the water surface in the canal and the water table in the adjacent aquifer. A theoretical expression was developed to relate the reach transmissivity to the transmissivity of the formation, mean channel width, distance of drawdown measurement from the channel centerline, ratio of drawdowns on both sides of the channel, and local reach transmissivity associated with reduced bed permeability. This theoretical expression was verified using a fine-scale numerical model, which gave accurate results when drawdowns were measured beyond 10 aquifer depths from the side of the channel. Using the theoretical formulation, it is shown that the reach transmissivity employed in regional ground-water models, which are based on average drawdowns within a cell, depends on the size of the cell as well as the transmissivity of the formation, channel width, and local reach transmissivity due to reduced bed permeability.\r\n\r\nThe theoretical reach transmissivity function was compared with field measurements at L-31N Canal and Snapper Creek Extension Canal in Dade County, Florida. Analyses of the data for both canals showed good agreement between the estimated and measured reach transmissivities. At L- 31N Canal, field measurements indicated that the local reach transmissivity was relatively uniform over a 2-mile reach of the channel (averaging 630 cubic feet per second per mile per foot), and the formation transmissivity was 1.8 x106 feet squared per day. At Snapper Creek Extension Canal, an approximate analysis was necessary due to the inability of the acoustic velocity meter to measure very low water velocities in the channel. Assuming an aquifer transmissivity of 1 x 106 feet squared per day, drawdown measurements indicated that the local reach transmissivity was about 400 cubic feet per second per mile per foot. The theoretical relation, combined with the local reach transmissivity and formation transmissivity, was sufficient to predict the leakage out of L-31N Canal and Snapper Creek Extension Canal for any drawdown scenario.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri904135","usgsCitation":"Chin, D., 1990, A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4135, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904135.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55432,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4135/wri904135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 90-4135"},{"id":124732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4135/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 25.31423555219758\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 25.31423555219758\n ],\n [\n -79.771728515625,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 25.31423555219758\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The ground-water resources in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah, were studied to better define the ground-water system; to document changes in ground-water levels, quality, and storage; and to simulate effects of an increase in ground-water withdrawals. The East Shore aquifer system is in basin-fill deposits, and is primarily a confined system with unconfined parts near the mountain front.
Recharge to and discharge from the East Shore aquifer system were estimated to average about 160,000 acre-feet per year during 1969-84, with minor amounts of water being removed from storage during that period. Major sources of ground-water recharge are seepage from surface water in natural channels and irrigation canals, and subsurface inflow from consolidated rock to the basin-fill deposits. Discharge of ground water is primarily to wells, water courses, springs, and as diffuse seepage to Great Salt Lake. Average annual surface-water inflow to the study area was estimated to be 860,000 acre-feet for the period 1969-84. Annual withdrawal of ground water for municipal and industrial use increased from about 10,000 acre-feet in 1960 to more than 30,000 acre-feet in 1980 to supply a population that increased from 175,000 in 1960 to 290,000 in 1980.
Long-term trends of ground-water levels indicate a steady decline at most observation wells since 1952, despite near normal or increased precipitation since the late 1960's. Water levels declined as much as 50 feet near the principal pumping center in the east-central part of the study area. They declined as much as 35 feet more than five miles from the pumping center. The increase in withdrawals and subsequent water-level declines have caused about 700 wells within 30 square miles to cease flowing since 1954.
A numerical model of the East Shore aquifer system in the Weber Delta area was constructed and calibrated using water-level data and changes in ground-water withdrawals for 1955-85. Predictive simulations were made based on doubling the 1980-84 rate of municipal and industrial withdrawals for 20 years, and using both average and below-average recharge rates. The simulations indicated water-level declines of an additional 35 to 50 feet near the principal pumping center; a decrease in natural discharge to drains, evapotranspiration, and Great Salt Lake; and a decrease in ground-water storage of 80,000 to 115,000 acre-feet after 20 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.W., Appel, C.L., Lambert, P.M., and Puryear, R.L., 1990, Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah: Technical Publication 93, xi, 150 p.","productDescription":"xi, 150 p.","numberOfPages":"160","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-330"},{"id":332057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y9200002.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Box Elder County, Davis County, Weber County","otherGeospatial":"East Shore Area, Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 40.65563874006118\n ],\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 41.430371882652814\n ],\n [\n -111.5277099609375,\n 41.430371882652814\n ],\n [\n -111.5277099609375,\n 40.65563874006118\n ],\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 40.65563874006118\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bee4b08138bf1abd6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, David W.","contributorId":77146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appel, Cynthia L.","contributorId":34509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6808-2303 plambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2303","contributorId":349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Patrick","email":"plambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puryear, Robert L.","contributorId":85191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puryear","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":78995,"text":"wdrMS891 - 1990 - Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T17:19:51.380153","indexId":"wdrMS891","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MS-89-1","title":"Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1989","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1989 water year for Mississippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains records of water discharge at 81 gaging stations; stage records for 19 of these gaging stations; stage only at 6 gaging stations; water quality for 24 streamflow gaging stations, 2 ungaged stream sites, 3 precipitation quality stations, and 32 wells; and water levels for 504 observation wells. Also included are peak-discharge data for 55 crest-stage partial-record stations, discharge data at 6 flood hydrograph partial-record stations and 20 low-flow partial-record stations, and water quality data at 9 partial-record or miscellaneous sites and 43 short-term study sites. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 4-6. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Mississippi.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMS891","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and with other State, county, municipal and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Tharpe, E., Plunkett, M., Morris, F., and Oakley, W.T., 1990, Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MS-89-1, viii, 614 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMS891.","productDescription":"viii, 614 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1989/ms-89-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":494962,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1989/ms-89-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcc74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tharpe, E.J.","contributorId":57534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tharpe","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plunkett, M.L.","contributorId":82368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkett","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, F.","contributorId":17299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016336,"text":"70016336 - 1990 - Effect of faults on fluid flow and chloride contamination in a carbonate aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T16:14:46.677585","indexId":"70016336","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of faults on fluid flow and chloride contamination in a carbonate aquifer system","docAbstract":"A unified, multidiscipline hypothesis is proposed to explain the anomalous pattern by which chloride has been found in water of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia. Analyses of geophysical, hydraulic, water chemistry, and aquifer test data using the equivalent porous medium (EPM) approach are used to support the hypothesis and to improve further the understanding of the fracture-flow system in this area. Using the data presented herein we show that: (1) four major northeast-southwest trending faults, capable of affecting the flow system of the Upper Floridan aquifer, can be inferred from structural analysis of geophysical data and from regional fault patterns; (2) the proposed faults account for the anomalous northeastward elongation of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer; (3) the faults breach the nearly impermeable units that confine the Upper Floridan aquifer from below, allowing substantial quantities of water to leak vertically upward; as a result, aquifer transmissivity need not be excessively large (as previously reported) to sustain the heavy, long-term pumpage at Brunswick without developing a steep cone of depression in the potentiometric surface; (4) increased fracturing at the intersection of the faults enhances the development of conduits that allow the upward migration of high-chloride water in response to pumping from the Upper Floridan aquifer; and (5) the anomalous movement of the chloride plume is almost entirely controlled by the faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90196-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Maslia, M., and Prowell, D., 1990, Effect of faults on fluid flow and chloride contamination in a carbonate aquifer system: Journal of Hydrology, v. 115, no. 1-4, p. 1-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90196-5.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Glynn 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M.L.","contributorId":24090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maslia","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prowell, D.C.","contributorId":95475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19244,"text":"ofr90398 - 1990 - Water-quality trends and basin activities and characteristics for the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system, North Carolina and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T09:56:08","indexId":"ofr90398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-398","title":"Water-quality trends and basin activities and characteristics for the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system, North Carolina and Virginia","docAbstract":"The Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system has a total basin area of nearly 31,000 square miles and includes the Neuse, Tar, Pamlico, Roanoke, Chowan, and Alligator Rivers, and the Albemarle, Pamlico, Currituck, Croatan, and Roanoke Sounds. Albemarle Sound receives the greatest freshwater inflow of all the sounds in the estuarine system. Inflow to this sound averages about 13,500 cubic feet per second. Inflow to Pamlico Sound from the Pamlico River averages around 5,400 cubic feet per second, and average inflow into the Neuse River estuary is about 6,100 cubic feet per second. Approximately one-half of the inflow into the system is from ground-water discharge.\r\n\r\nThe Neuse River basin has had the greatest increases in wastewater discharges (650 percent since the 1950's) and had the greatesttotal wastewater discharges of any of the basins in the study area, averaging about 200 million gallons per day in 1988. Wastewater discharges into the Neuse and Tar Rivers were nearly equal to the 7-day, 10-year low flows for these rivers.\r\n\r\nLand-use data compiled in 1973 for the lower parts of the Neuse River basin and lower part of the Tar-Pamlico River basin indicate that 25 percent of the area was evergreen forest, 25 percent was forested wetlands, 20 percent was cropland and pasture, 12 percent was mixed forest, 10 percent was nonforested wetland, and 4 percent was urban. The amount of nonforested wetland in the part of the study area along the Outer Banks declined 6.5 percent from 1973 to 1983.\r\n\r\nThe numbers of farms and acreage in agricultural use in the study area have declined since the 1920's. A decrease of more than 60 percentin the number of farms was shown between the early 1950's and 1982. Fertilizer sales increased through the 1970's, but declined in the 1980's. Manufacturing employment has increased in the last 30 years, while agricultural employment has decreased.\r\n\r\nData from seven stations of the U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network were used to evaluate water quality for the major streams flowing into the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system. Water-quality data for 296 stations in the estuarine system were examined for the period 1945-88.\r\n\r\nThe statistical test used for trend analysis was the Seasonal Kendall test (Hirsch and others, 1982). This nonparametric procedure is useful for analyses of water-quality properties that show non-normally distributed frequency distributions. The Seasonal Kendall trend analyses of water-quality data indicate that change has occurred in the water quality of the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system from 1945 to 1988. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations increased at a mean rate of 0.1 milligram per liter per year throughout the estuarine system, except in the Chowan River where decreases of approximately 0.06 milligram per liter per year occurred. In general, pH increased in streams throughout the area at a mean rate of 0.04 pH unit per year, except in the Pamlico River where pH decreased by 0.03 pH unit per year. A general increase in pH and dissolved-oxygen concentrations (if daytime measurements) might be indicative of more productive estuary conditions for algal growth. Suspended-solids concentrations decreased throughout the area at a mean rate of 1.1 milligrams per liter per year, probably as a result of a general decrease in suspended inorganic material. Increasing trends of salinity concentrations, as much as 0.1 part per thousand per year, were detected in Albemarle Sound. \r\n\r\nTotal ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations decreased (-0.03 milligram per liter per year) in streams throughout most of the area but increased (0.02 milligram per liter per year) in the Pamlico River. However, ammonia nitrogen concentrations decreased (-0.0035 milligram per liter per year) in the Pamlico River; therefore, increases in organic nitrogen probably caused the observed increase in combined ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations. This probably results from increas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr90398","usgsCitation":"Harned, D., and Davenport, M., 1990, Water-quality trends and basin activities and characteristics for the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system, North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-398, xii, 164 p. (some folded) :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90398.","productDescription":"xii, 164 p. 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e53a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harned, D.A.","contributorId":20331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davenport, M.S.","contributorId":23553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davenport","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18913,"text":"ofr89623 - 1990 - Hydrologic data collected in the vicinity of the proposed gamma-ray and neutrino detector site, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, 1988-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr89623","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-623","title":"Hydrologic data collected in the vicinity of the proposed gamma-ray and neutrino detector site, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, 1988-89","docAbstract":"An abandoned barite mine in Hot Spring County, Arkansas, has been selected as the location for a proposed gamma-ray and neutrino detector site. As part of the hydrologic evaluation of the site, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Geological Commission collected hydrologic data at selected locations in the vicinity of the abandoned barite mine. Data collected as part of the project included water quality, pond-evaluation, and precipitation data within the abandoned barite mine and flow and water quality data at selected sites in the vicinity of the mine. Water quality samples from within the abandoned mine were collected at three locations in the pond at selected depths. These data included field measurements of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, major ions, and trace metals. Major ion and trace-metal samples were collected at six stream sites, one lake site, and two wastewater pond sites. Pond elevation and precipitation data from within the abandoned barite mine were measured during the period between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1989. Twevle discharge measurements during the period between June 21, 1988, and June 26, 1989, were collected at six sites in the vicinity of the abandoned barite mine. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89623","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, D., and Westerfield, P., 1990, Hydrologic data collected in the vicinity of the proposed gamma-ray and neutrino detector site, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, 1988-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-623, iv, 17 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89623.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0623/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48311,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0623/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f7ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, D. J.","contributorId":33313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerfield, P.W.","contributorId":50546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerfield","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18465,"text":"ofr90570 - 1990 - Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux Aquifer, northeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T07:23:10","indexId":"ofr90570","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-570","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux Aquifer, northeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Roubidoux aquifer is an important source of freshwater for public supplies, commerce, industry, and rural water districts in northeastern Oklahoma. Ground-water withdrawals from the aquifer in 1981 were estimated to be 4.8 million gallons per day, of which about 90 percent was withdrawn in Ottawa County. Wells drilled at the beginning of the 20th century originally flowed at the land surface, but in 1981 water levels ranged from 22 to 471 feet below land surface. A large cone of depression has formed as a result of ground water withdrawals near Miami. Wells completed in the Roubidoux aquifer have yields that range from about 100 to more than 1,000 gallons per minute.\r\nAn aquifer test and a digital ground-water flow model were used to estimate aquifer and confining-layer hydraulic characteristics. Using these methods, the transmissivity of the aquifer was estimated to be within a range of 400 to 700 square feet per day. The leakance of the confining layer was determined to be within a range from 0 to 0.13 per day, with a best estimate value in a range from 4.3 x 10-8 to 7.7 x 10-8 per day.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of water samples collected as part of this study and of water-quality data from earlier work indicate that a large areal change in major-ion chemistry occurs in ground water in the Roubidoux aquifer in northeastern Oklahoma. The ground water in the easternmost part of the study unit has relatively small dissolved-solids concentrations (less than 200 milligrams per liter) with calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate as the major ions. Ground water in the westernmost part of the study unit has relatively large dissolved-solids concentrations (greater than 800 milligrams per liter) with sodium and chloride as the major ions. A transition zone of intermediate sodium, chloride, and dissolved-solids concentrations exists between the easternmost and westernmost parts of the study unit.\r\n\r\nThree water-quality problems are apparent in the Roubidoux aquifer in northeast Oklahoma: (1) Contamination by mine water, (2) large concentrations of sodium and chloride, and (3) large radium-226 concentrations.\r\n\r\nMany wells in the mining area have been affected by mine-water contamination. At present (1990), all instances of ground-water contamination by mine water can be explained by faulty seals or leaky casings in wells that pass through the zone of mine workings and down to the Roubidoux aquifer. None of the data available to date demonstrate that mine water has migrated from the Boone Formation through the pores and fractures of the intervening geologic units to the Roubidoux aquifer.\r\n\r\nGround water with large concentrations of sodium and chloride occurs at some depth throughout the study unit. In the eastern part of the study unit, chloride concentrations greater than 250 milligrams per liter are found at depths greater than approximately 1,200 to 1,500 feet. Data are too few to determine the depth to ground water with large concentrations of sodium and chloride in the southern and southwestern parts of the study unit.\r\n\r\nLarge concentrations of gross-alpha radioactivity in ground water occur near the western edge of the transition zone. Generally, ground water with large concentrations of gross-alpha radioactivity was found to exceed the maximum contaminant level for radium-226.\r\n\r\n(available as photostat copy only)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90570","usgsCitation":"Christenson, S.C., Parkhurst, D.L., and Fairchild, R.W., 1990, Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux Aquifer, northeastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-570, Report: vi, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 20.60 x 31.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90570.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 20.60 x 31.11 inches","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairchild, Roy W.","contributorId":79155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18314,"text":"ofr90151 - 1990 - Plan of study for the Ohio-Indiana carbonate-bedrock and glacial- aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr90151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-151","title":"Plan of study for the Ohio-Indiana carbonate-bedrock and glacial- aquifer system","docAbstract":"The major aquifers of 35,000 sq mi area in western Ohio and eastern Indiana consist of Silurian and Devonian carbonate bedrock and Quaternary glacial deposits. These bedrock units and glacial deposits have been designated for study as part of the U.S. Geological Survey 's Regional Aquifer System Analysis program, a nationwide program to assess the regional hydrology, geology and water quality of the Nation 's most important aquifers. The purpose of the study is to define the hydrology, geochemistry, and geologic framework of the aquifer system within the Silurian and Devonian rocks and glacial deposits, with emphasis on describing the groundwater flow patterns and characterizing the water quality. The study, which began in 1988 , is expected to be completed in 1993. In 1980, the aquifers in the study area supplied more than 280 million gallons of water/day to industry, agriculture, and a population of more than 6.3 million people. With a projected future population growth to 7.1 million in 1990, and with intensified agricultural and industrial uses, water withdrawals from these bedrock and glacial aquifers are expected to be increased. The most significant groundwater problems in the study area result from the pronounced areal differences in availability and quality of the groundwater. These differences are related to the lateral discontinuity of many of the glacial deposits and to variations in secondary permeability of the bedrock aquifers associated with patterns of fracturing. Planned activities of the study include compilation of available geohydrologic and water quality data, such as groundwater levels, geohydrologic properties of aquifers, chemical analyses, land use and water use data, and ancillary data such as digital satellite images. Additional geohydrologic and water quality data may be collected from existing wells or wells that may be drilled for this study. A computerized, geographic information system will be used as a data base management tool and for spatial analysis and presentation of the data. A digital computer model will be developed to study the regional groundwater flow system and to investigate the effects of development on the aquifer system. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr90151","usgsCitation":"Bugliosi, E., 1990, Plan of study for the Ohio-Indiana carbonate-bedrock and glacial- aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-151, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90151.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0151/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47662,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0151/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47663,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cef7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bugliosi, E. F.","contributorId":70738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugliosi","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44795,"text":"wri894149 - 1990 - Low flows during the 1988 drought in Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:59","indexId":"wri894149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4149","title":"Low flows during the 1988 drought in Tennessee","docAbstract":"A severe drought occurred across large areas of Tennessee during the summer of 1988. Rainfall totaled 39.4 inches in 1988 and was 8.8 inches below the 1951-80 normal of 48.2 inches. An intensive streamflow measurement program was begun in July 1988. Minimum flows measured in summer 1988 were shown along the 3-day 20-year recurrence-interval minimum flow at selected sites throughout Tennessee. Specific conductance and water temperature data collected at the measurement sites are presented. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri894149","usgsCitation":"Lowery, J.F., and Connell, J.F., 1990, Low flows during the 1988 drought in Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4149, 2 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; sheet 93 x 99 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894149.","productDescription":"2 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; sheet 93 x 99 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82133,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4149/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowery, Jerry F.","contributorId":52636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connell, Joseph F.","contributorId":107329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":43990,"text":"ofr89614 - 1990 - Time-of-travel of solutes in the Trinity River from Dallas to Trinidad, Texas, May and August 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T15:50:52","indexId":"ofr89614","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-614","title":"Time-of-travel of solutes in the Trinity River from Dallas to Trinidad, Texas, May and August 1987","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the city of Dallas, conducted a study of the time of travel of solutes during moderate flow conditions in a reach of the Trinity River from the outfall of the Dallas Central Wastewater Treatment Plant (DCWTP) to the USGS streamflow-gaging station 08062700, Trinity River at Trinidad, in May and August 1987. Previous USGS time-of-travel studies of this reach of the river (Ollman, 1973; 1975) provided low- and moderate-flow data. The data were included in the calibrartion of a mathematical water-quality model used by the city of Dallas and other public and private entities involved in water resources managemnt of the area. The purpose of this study was to provide additional data to extend calibration of that model to include moderately higher streamflow conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr89614","issn":"ma","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas","usgsCitation":"Gain, W.S., 1990, Time-of-travel of solutes in the Trinity River from Dallas to Trinidad, Texas, May and August 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-614, 35.77 x 24.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89614.","productDescription":"35.77 x 24.93 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr89614.PNG"},{"id":81408,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0614/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas, Trinidad","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 32.150036509965304\n ],\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 32.856518010109575\n ],\n [\n -96.06170654296875,\n 32.856518010109575\n ],\n [\n -96.06170654296875,\n 32.150036509965304\n ],\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 32.150036509965304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":228945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21480,"text":"ofr90387 - 1990 - Preliminary investigation of soil and ground-water contamination at a U.S. Army Petroleum Training Facility, Fort Lee, Virginia, September-October 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T20:08:45.063778","indexId":"ofr90387","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-387","title":"Preliminary investigation of soil and ground-water contamination at a U.S. Army Petroleum Training Facility, Fort Lee, Virginia, September-October 1989","docAbstract":"Fuel-oil constituents in the soil and groundwater at the Fort Lee Petroleum Training Facility near Petersburg, Virginia, were studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Department of Defense, U.S. Army. The study included installation of 25 groundwater monitoring wells and description of groundwater flow patterns of the shallow-aquifer system underlying the facility. Soil and groundwater samples were collected to determine the concentrations of fuel-oil constituents and to determine the potential for off-site migration of the constituents. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations up to 18,400 mg/km were reported in soil samples. Concentrations of benzene in water from wells at the facility were up to 130 micrograms per liter (ug/L), and concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylene were up to 54 and 120 ug/L, respectively. Potential exists for off-site migration of the contaminants and migration of contaminants downward to deeper aquifers. Further investigations of these potential contamination-migration pathways are warranted. Risk identification at the Petroleum Training Facility cannot be properly addressed because the distribution of the fuel-oil constituents has not been fully characterized. Preliminary identification of risk, however is presented by an examination of toxicity data for the chemical constituents reported in the groundwater at the facility. Concentrations of constituents were compared to the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Concentrations of benzene in water from wells at the facility exceed the USEPA 's 5 ug/L MCL by as much as 26 times. Sufficient data are not available to fully design the remedial-action plan for the facility; however, general responses to contamination of the type associated with the facility include no-action, monitoring, institutional controls, removal, and treatment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90387","usgsCitation":"Wright, W.G., and Powell, J.D., 1990, Preliminary investigation of soil and ground-water contamination at a U.S. Army Petroleum Training Facility, Fort Lee, Virginia, September-October 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-387, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90387.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17919.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0387/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0387/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Lee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.332763671875,\n 37.216932708261595\n ],\n [\n -77.3162841796875,\n 37.216932708261595\n ],\n [\n -77.3162841796875,\n 37.229918351090596\n ],\n [\n -77.332763671875,\n 37.229918351090596\n ],\n [\n -77.332763671875,\n 37.216932708261595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66749b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, W. G.","contributorId":19582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, J. D.","contributorId":29828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29054,"text":"wri894206 - 1990 - Streamflow characteristics of small tributaries of Rock Creek, Milk River basin, Montana, base period water years 1983-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri894206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4206","title":"Streamflow characteristics of small tributaries of Rock Creek, Milk River basin, Montana, base period water years 1983-87","docAbstract":"Five streamflow-gaging stations were installed in the Rock Creek basin north of the Milk River near Hinsdale, Montana. Streamflow was monitored at these stations and at an existing gaging station upstream on Rock Creek from May 1983 through September 1987. The data collected were used to describe the flow characteristics of four small tributary streams. Annual mean streamflow ranges from 2.8 to 57 cu ft/sec in the mainstem and from 0 to 0.60 cu ft/sec in the tributaries. Monthly mean streamflow ranged from 0 to 528 cu ft/sec in Rock Creek and from zero to 5.3 cu ft/sec in the four tributaries. The six gaged sites show similar patterns of daily mean streamflow during periods of large runoff, but substantial individual variations during periods of lesser runoff. During periods of lesser runoff , the small tributaries may have small daily mean streamflows. At other times, daily mean streamflow at the two mainstem sites decreased downstream. Daily mean streamflow in the tributaries appears to be closely related to daily mean streamflow in the mainstem only during periods of substantial area-wide runoff. Thus, streamflow in the tributaries resulting from local storms or local snowmelt may not contribute to streamflow in the mainstem. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894206","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Hull, J.A., 1990, Streamflow characteristics of small tributaries of Rock Creek, Milk River basin, Montana, base period water years 1983-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4206, iii, 10 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894206.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hull, J. A.","contributorId":39345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27748,"text":"wri904015 - 1990 - Recharge rates and aquifer hydraulic characteristics for selected drainage basins in middle and east Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri904015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4015","title":"Recharge rates and aquifer hydraulic characteristics for selected drainage basins in middle and east Tennessee","docAbstract":"Quantitative information concerning aquifer hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics is needed to manage the development of ground-water resources. These characteristics are poorly defined for the bedrock aquifers in Middle and East Tennessee where demand for water is increasing. This report presents estimates of recharge rate, storage coefficient, diffusivity, and transmissivity for representative drainage basins in Middle and East Tennessee, as determined from analyses of stream-aquifer interactions. The drainage basins have been grouped according to the underlying major aquifer, then statistical descriptions applied to each group, in order to define area1 distribution of these characteristics.\r\n\r\nAquifer recharge rates are estimated for representative low, average, and high flow years for 63 drainage basins using hydrograph analysis techniques. Net annual recharge during average flow years for all basins ranges from 4.1 to 16.8 in/yr (inches per year), with a mean value of 7.3 in. In general, recharge rates are highest for basins underlain by the Blue Ridge aquifer (mean value11.7 in/yr) and lowest for basins underlain by the Central Basin aquifer (mean value 5.6 in/yr). Mean recharge values for the Cumberland Plateau, Highland Rim, and Valley and Ridge aquifers are 6.5, 7.4, and 6.6 in/yr, respectively.\r\n\r\nGravity drainage characterizes ground-water flow in most surficial bedrock aquifer in Tennessee. Accordingly, a gravity yield analysis, which compares concurrent water-level and streamflow hydrographs, was used to estimate aquifer storage coefficient for nine study basins. The basin estimates range from 0.002 to 0.140; however, most estimates are within a narrow range of values, from 0.01 to 0.025. Accordingly, storage coefficient is estimated to be 0.01 for all aquifers in Middle and East Tennessee, with the exception of the aquifer in the inner part of the Central Basin, for which storage coefficient is estimated to be 0.002.\r\n\r\nEstimates of aquifer hydraulic diffusivity are derived from estimates of the streamflow recession index and drainage density for 75 drainage basins; values range from 3,300 to 130,000 ft^2/d (feet squared per day). Basin-specific and site-specific estimates of transmissivity are computed from estimates of hydraulic diffusivity and specific-capacity test data, respectively. Basin-specific, or areal, estimates of transmissivity range from 22 to 1,300 ft^2/d, with a mean of 240 ft^2/d In general, areal transmissivity is highest for basins underlain by the Cumberland Plateau aquifer (mean value 480 ft^2/d) and lowest for basins underlain by the Central Basin aquifer (mean value 79 ft^2/d). Mean transmissivity values for the Highland Rim, Valley and Ridge, and Blue Ridge aquifer are 320,140, and 120 ft^2/d respectively. Site-specific estimates of transmissivity, computed from specific-capacity data from 118 test wells in Middle and East Tennessee range from 2 to 93,000 ft^2/d with a mean of 2,600 ft^2/d Mean transmissivity values for the Cumberland Plateau, Highland Rim, Central Basin, Valley and Ridge, and Blue Ridge aquifers are 2,800,1,200, 7,800, 390, and 65Oft Id, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904015","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A., 1990, Recharge rates and aquifer hydraulic characteristics for selected drainage basins in middle and east Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4015, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904015.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2125,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, A.B.","contributorId":23572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"A.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27747,"text":"wri904044 - 1990 - Effects of storm-water runoff on local ground-water quality, Clarksville, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri904044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4044","title":"Effects of storm-water runoff on local ground-water quality, Clarksville, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Storm-related water-quality data were collected at a drainage-well site and at a spring site in Clarksville, Tennessee, to define the effects of storm-water runoff on the quality of ground water in the area. A dye-trace test verified the direct hydraulic connection between the drainage well and Mobley Spring. Samples of storm run off and spring flow were collected at these sites for nine storms during the period February to October 1988. Water samples were collected also from Mobley Spring and two other springs and two observation wells in the area during dry-weather conditions to assess the general quality of ground water in an urban karst terrain.\r\n\r\nEvaluation of the effect of storm-water runoff on the quality of local ground water is complicated by the presence of other sources of contaminants in the area Concentrations and load for most major constituents were much smaller in storm-water runoff at the drainage well than in the discharge of Mobley Spring, indicating that much of the chemical constituent load discharged from the spring comes from sources other than the drainage well. However, for some of the minor constituents associated with roadway runoff (arsenic, copper, lead, organic carbon, and oil and grease), the drainage well contributed relatively large amounts of these constituents to local ground water during storms. The close correlation between concentrations of total organic carbon and concentrations of most trace metals at the drainage-well and Mobley Spring sites indicates that these constituents are transported together. Many trace metals were flushed early during each runoff event.\r\n\r\nMean storm loads for copper, lead, zinc, and four nutrient species (total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphorus) in storm-water runoff at the drainage-well site were lower than mean storm load predicted from an existing regression model. The overprediction by the model may be a result of the small size of the drainage area relative to the range of drainage areas used in the development of the models, or to the below-normal amounts of rainfall during the period of sampling for this investigation. Loads& in storm-water runoff for 22 constituents were extrapolated from sampled storms to total loads for the period February to October 1988. Calculated loads for trace metals for the period ranged from 0.030pound.s for cadmium to 12pound.s for strontium. Loads of the primary nutrients ranged from 0.97pounds for nitrite as nitrogen to 34pounds of organic nitrogen.\r\n\r\nStorm-water quality at the drainage-well and Mobley Spring sites was compared to background water quality of the local aquifer; as characterized by dry-weather samples from three springs and two observation wells in the Clarksville area. Concentrations of total-recoverable cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and nickel were higher in many stormwater samples from both the drainage-well and Mobley Spring sites than in samples from any other site. In addition, concentrations of total organic carbon, methylene blue active substances, and total-recoverable oil and grease were generally higher in storm-water samples from the drainage-well site than in any ground-water sample.\r\n\r\nDensities of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus bacteria and concentrations of total recoverable iron, manganese, and methylene blue active substances in storm samples from the drainage-well site exceeded the maximum contaminant levels listed in Tennessee?s drinking-water standards (1988) by as much as 2,500 and 5,500 colonies per 100 milliliters, and 2.7, 0.29, and 0.05 milligrams per liter, respectively. Densities of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus bacteria and concentrations of total-recoverable iron, manganese, and lead in storm samples from Mobley Spring exceeded the maximum contaminant levels by as much as 500 and 4,500 colonies per 100 milliliters, and 18.7,0.65, and 0.02 milligrams per liter, respectively. For iron, manganese, and bacteria, these undesirable","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904044","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A.B., 1990, Effects of storm-water runoff on local ground-water quality, Clarksville, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4044, v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904044.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2124,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_90_4044.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38423,"text":"pp1493 - 1990 - Aggradation and degradation of alluvial sand deposits, 1965 to 1986, Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:53","indexId":"pp1493","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1493","title":"Aggradation and degradation of alluvial sand deposits, 1965 to 1986, Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"Alluvial sand deposits along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park are used as campsites and are substrate for vegetation. The largest and most numerous of these deposits are formed in zones of recirculating current that are created downstream from where the channel is constricted by debris fans at tributary mouths. Alluvial sand deposits are classified by location and form. Separation and reattachment deposits are downstream from constrictions within recirculation zones. Separation deposits are near the point of flow separation and typically mantle large debris fans. \r\n\r\nReattachment deposits are near the point of flow reattachment and project upstream beneath much of the zone of recirculating current. Upper-pool deposits are upstream from a constriction and are associated with backwaters. Channel-margin deposits line the channel and have the form of terraces. Some are created in small recirculation zones. Reattachment and channel-margin deposits are largest and most numerous in wide reaches, although small channel-margin deposits are used as campsites in the narrow Muav Gorge. Separation deposits are more uniformly distributed throughout Grand Canyon National Park than are other types of deposits. In some narrow reaches where the number of alluvial sand deposits used as campsites is small, separation deposits are a high percentage of the total. \r\n\r\nDuring high flows, both separation and reattachment deposits are initially scoured but are subsequently redeposited during flow recession. Sand is also exchanged between the main channel and recirculation zones. The rate of recession of high flows can affect the elevation of alluvial deposits that are left exposed after a flood has passed. Fluctuating flows that follow a period of steady discharge cause initial erosion of separation and reattachment deposits. A part of this eroded sand is transported to the main channel. Therefore, sand is exchanged between the main channel and recirculation zones and redistributed within recirculation zones over a broad range of discharges. \r\n\r\nComparison of aerial photographs and reinterpretation of published data concerning changes of alluvial sand deposits following recession of high flows in 1983 and 1984 indicate that sand was eroded from recirculation zones in narrow reaches. In wide reaches, however, aggradation in recirculation zones may have occurred. In narrow reaches, the decrease of reattachment deposits was greater than that of separation deposits. In all reaches, the percentage of separation deposits that maintained a constant area was greater than for other deposits. Separation deposits, therefore, appear to be the most stable of the deposit types. \r\n\r\nFluctuating flows between October 1985 and January 1986, which followed the higher and steadier flows of 1983 to 1985, caused erosion throughout the park. For separation deposits, erosion was greatest at those sites where deposition from the 1983 high flows had been greatest. The existing pattern of low campsite availability in narrow reaches and high campsite availability in wide reaches was thus accentuated by the sequence of flows between 1983 and 1985.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1493","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, J.C., and Graf, J.B., 1990, Aggradation and degradation of alluvial sand deposits, 1965 to 1986, Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1493, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1493.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1493/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64816,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1493/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db54555d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graf, Julia B.","contributorId":59005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graf","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3163,"text":"wsp2368B - 1990 - Effects of surface coal mining and reclamation on the geohydrology of six small watersheds in West-Central Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T09:29:24","indexId":"wsp2368B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2368","chapter":"B","title":"Effects of surface coal mining and reclamation on the geohydrology of six small watersheds in West-Central Indiana","docAbstract":"Six small watersheds in west-central Indiana were selected for study of the hydrologic effects of surface coal mining and reclamation. The watersheds include mined and reclaimed, mined and unreclaimed, and unmined agricultural land uses and are each less than 3 square miles in area. Surface-water, ground-water, and meteorologic data for the 1981 and 1982 water years were used to describe and compare hydrologic systems of the six watersheds and to identify hydrologic effects of mining and reclamation.
\nDischarge at the unreclaimed watersheds was continuous during the study period, whereas discharge at the other watersheds was intermittent and more variable. Peak discharges were greater at the agricultural watersheds than at the unreclaimed watersheds, primarily because of large final-cut lakes in the unreclaimed watersheds. Annual runoff was greatest at the unreclaimed watersheds, intermediate at the agricultural watersheds, and least at the reclaimed watersheds.
\nHydrologic effects of mining were identified by comparing the hydrologic systems at mined and unreclaimed watersheds with those at unmined agricultural watersheds. These comparisons indicate that surface coal mining without reclamation can increase base flow, annual runoff, and ground-water recharge to the bedrock; reduce peak flow rates and variation in flow; lower the water table in upland areas; change the relation between surface- and ground-water divides; and create numerous, local flow systems in the shallow ground water. Hydrologic effects of reclamation were identified by comparing the hydrologic systems at mined and reclaimed watersheds with those at mined and unreclaimed watersheds. Reclamation can decrease base flow, annual runoff, and recharge to the bedrock; increase peak flow rates, variation in flow, and the response to thunderstorms; reestablish the premining relation between surface- and ground-water divides; and create fewer local flow systems in the shallow ground water.
\nHydrologic effects of mining and reclamation were identified by comparing the hydrologic systems at mined and reclaimed watersheds with those at unmined agricultural watersheds. The presence or absence of a large final-cut lake in the reclaimed watershed greatly influences the hydrologic systems and the effects of mining and reclamation. Surface coal mining and reclamation can decrease base flow, annual runoff, and peak flow rates; increase the variability of flow and recharge to the bedrock; reestablish the premining relation between surface- and ground-water divides; and lower the water table in upland areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2368B","usgsCitation":"Martin, J.D., Duwelius, R.F., and Crawford, C.G., 1990, Effects of surface coal mining and reclamation on the geohydrology of six small watersheds in West-Central Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2368, viii, 71 p. ;2 v. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2368B.","productDescription":"viii, 71 p. ;2 v. :ill. ;28 cm.","startPage":"B1","endPage":"B71","numberOfPages":"81","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30120,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2368b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2368b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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