Predators strongly influence species assemblages and shape morphological defenses of prey. Interestingly, adaptations that constitute effective defenses against one type of predator may render the prey susceptible to other types of predators. Hence, prey may evolve different strategies to escape predation, which may facilitate adaptive radiation of prey organisms. Larvae of different species in the dragonfly genus Leucorrhinia have various morphological defenses. We studied the distribution of these larvae in relation to the presence of predatory fish. In addition, we examined the variation in morphological defenses within species with respect to the occurrence of fish. We found that well-defended species, those with more and longer spines, were more closely associated with habitats inhabited by predatory fish and that species with weakly developed morphological defenses were more abundant in habitats without fish. The species predominantly connected to lakes with or without fish, respectively, were not restricted to a single clade in the phylogeny of the genus. Our data is suggestive of phenotypic plasticity in morphological defense in three of the studied species since these species showed longer spines in lakes with fish. We suggest that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may have broadened the range of habitats accessible to Leucorrhinia. It may have facilitated colonization of new habitats with different types of predators, and ultimately, speciation through adaptive radiation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, the Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10682-010-9361-x","usgsCitation":"Petrin, Z., Schilling, E., Loftin, C., and Johansson, F., 2010, Predators shape distribution and promote diversification of morphological defenses in Leucorrhinia , Odonata: Evolutionary Ecology, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1003-1016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-010-9361-x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1016","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010559","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305b8e4b0518e35468d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrin, Zlatko","contributorId":146556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrin","given":"Zlatko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, Emily Gaenzle","contributorId":66069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schilling","given":"Emily Gaenzle","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftin, Cyndy 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":146427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cyndy","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johansson, Frank","contributorId":146557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johansson","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70150456,"text":"70150456 - 2010 - Fish community structure in natural and engineered habitats in the Kansas River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T15:41:32.892141","indexId":"70150456","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish community structure in natural and engineered habitats in the Kansas River","docAbstract":"We investigated fish assemblage structure in engineered (rip‐rap) and natural habitats (log jams and mud banks) in the Kansas River USA to determine if natural structures had higher abundance and diversity of fishes at a local spatial scale. A total of 439 randomly selected sites were boat electrofished from May to August 2005 and 2006. Mean species diversity and richness were significantly higher in rip‐rap than log jams and mud banks. Mean relative abundance (CPUE; number of fish collected per hour electrofishing) of six of the 15 most common fishes (>1% of total catch) were most abundant in rip‐rap, two were most abundant in log jams, and none in mud banks. Rip‐rap had the highest relative abundance of fluvial specialist and macrohabitat generalists, whereas mean CPUE of fluvial dependents was highest in log jams. Although a discriminant function analysis indicated that nine size classes (eight species) discriminated among three habitat types, the high misclassification rate (38%) suggested a high degree of fish assemblage overlap among the habitats. Although previous work has suggested that engineered structures (rip‐rap) and urbanization are linked to reduced biotic diversity or reduced growth of fish species, our results suggest that at a local scale rip‐rap may not have the same negative impacts on fish assemblages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1287","usgsCitation":"White, K., Gerken, J., Paukert, C.P., and Makinster, A.S., 2010, Fish community structure in natural and engineered habitats in the Kansas River: River Research and Applications, v. 26, no. 7, p. 797-805, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1287.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"805","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011836","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1287","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":302356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 38.82901019751963\n ],\n [\n -94.59228515625,\n 38.82901019751963\n ],\n [\n -94.59228515625,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 38.82901019751963\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b6e4b0b6d21dd65954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, K.","contributorId":99408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerken, J.","contributorId":17860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerken","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Makinster, Andrew S.","contributorId":103629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makinster","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118916,"text":"70118916 - 2010 - The effect of resource quantity and resource stoichiometry on microbial carbon-use-efficiency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-31T10:07:43","indexId":"70118916","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T10:06:28","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of resource quantity and resource stoichiometry on microbial carbon-use-efficiency","docAbstract":"The carbon-use-efficiency (CUE) of microorganisms is an important parameter in determining ecosystem-level carbon (C) cycling; however, little is known about how variance in resources affects microbial CUE. To elucidate how resource quantity and resource stoichiometry affect microbial CUE, we cultured four microorganisms - two fungi (Aspergillus nidulans and Trichoderma harzianum) and two bacteria (Pectobacterium carotovorum and Verrucomicrobium spinosum) - under 12 unique C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) ratios. Whereas the CUE of A. nidulans was strongly affected by C, bacterial CUE was more strongly affected by mineral nutrients (N and P). Specifically, CUE in P. carotovorum was positively correlated with P, while CUE of V. spinosum primarily depended on N. This resulted in a positive relationship between fungal CUE and resource C : nutrient stoichiometry and a negative relationship between bacterial CUE and resource C : nutrient stoichiometry. The difference in the direction of the relationship between CUE and C : nutrient for fungi vs. bacteria was consistent with differences in biomass stoichiometry and suggested that fungi have a higher C demand than bacteria. These results suggest that the links between biomass stoichiometry, resource demand and CUE may provide a mechanism for commonly observed temporal and spatial patterns in microbial community structure and function in natural habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Federation of European Microbiological Societies","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00912.x","usgsCitation":"Kleiblinger, K., Hall, E., Wanek, W., Szukics, U., Hammerle, I., Ellersdorfer, G., Bock, S., Strauss, J., Sterflinger, K., Richter, A., and Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., 2010, The effect of resource quantity and resource stoichiometry on microbial carbon-use-efficiency: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 73, no. 3, p. 430-440, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00912.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"430","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00912.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291465,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00912.x"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db584be4b0fba533fa35bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleiblinger, K.M.","contributorId":37658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleiblinger","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, E. K.","contributorId":85501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"E. K.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanek, W.","contributorId":58807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanek","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szukics, U.","contributorId":36869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szukics","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hammerle, I.","contributorId":32837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerle","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellersdorfer, G.","contributorId":37265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersdorfer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bock, S.","contributorId":86271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Strauss, J.","contributorId":8770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sterflinger, K.","contributorId":19486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sterflinger","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Richter, A.","contributorId":71486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S.","contributorId":8392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zechmeister-Boltenstern","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70101008,"text":"70101008 - 2010 - Wolves will not provide small-scale ecological restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:09:18","indexId":"70101008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T09:47:12","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wolves will not provide small-scale ecological restoration","docAbstract":"Licht and colleagues (BioScience 60: 147–153) proposed a paradigm shift in wolf management to include the introductions of small, highly manipulated groups of wolves (Canis lupus) to confined natural areas to facilitate ecosystem recovery. Certainly, reductions or losses of apex predators from many regions worldwide have had profound effects on ecosystem characteristics (Soulé et al. 2003). Numerous efforts to restore or enhance predator populations through policy change or reintroductions have occurred, often with the intent to restore ecosystem function (Breitenmoser et al. 2001). However, in addition to the gargantuan technological and political challenges inherent in Licht and colleagues' proposal, we contend that intensively managed wolves will not restore natural ecosystem processes given the disparity in scale between these proposed actions and the ecosystem processes that wolves foster. Further, we note that predator-prey relationships are more complex than Licht suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1525/bio.2010.60.7.18","usgsCitation":"Belant, J.L., and Adams, L., 2010, Wolves will not provide small-scale ecological restoration: BioScience, v. 60, no. 7, p. 485-485, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.7.18.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"485","ipdsId":"IP-020505","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1525/bio.2010.60.7.18","text":"External Repository"},{"id":285934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535595e0e4b0120853e8c30e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belant, Jerrold L.","contributorId":108394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belant","given":"Jerrold","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35599,"text":"Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074637,"text":"70074637 - 2010 - Monitoring very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T09:45:38","indexId":"70074637","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T09:39:32","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"On 19 March, 2008 eruptive activity returned to the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii with the formation of a new vent within the Halemaumau pit crater. The new vent has been gradually increasing in size, and exhibiting sustained degassing and the episodic bursting of gas slugs at the surface of a lava pond ∼200 m below the floor of Halemaumau. The spectral characteristics, source location obtained by radial semblance, and Hidden Markov Model pattern recognition of the degassing burst signals are consistent with an increase in gas content in the magma transport system beginning in October, 2007. This increase plateaus between March – September 2008, and exhibits a fluctuating pattern until 31 January, 2010, suggesting that the release of gas is slowly diminishing over time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010GL044418","usgsCitation":"Dawson, P.B., Benitez, M.C., Chouet, B.A., Wilson, D., and Okubo, P.G., 2010, Monitoring very-long-period seismicity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 37, no. 18, L18306, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044418.","productDescription":"L18306, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-023172","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281795,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044418"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.062,18.9108 ], [ -156.062,20.2686 ], [ -154.8065,20.2686 ], [ -154.8065,18.9108 ], [ -156.062,18.9108 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6829e4b0b29085101db6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benitez, M. C.","contributorId":65381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benitez","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, David","contributorId":82048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70230187,"text":"70230187 - 2010 - Ordovician volcanic-arc terrane in the Central Appalachian Piedmont of Maryland and Virginia: SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology, field relations, and tectonic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T14:14:23.502462","indexId":"70230187","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T08:53:32","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ordovician volcanic-arc terrane in the Central Appalachian Piedmont of Maryland and Virginia: SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology, field relations, and tectonic significance","docAbstract":"U-Pb zircon geochronology and field relations provide insights into metavolcanic and associated rocks in the Central Appalachian Piedmont of Maryland and northern Virginia. Ordovician ages were determined for volcanic-arc rocks of the James Run Formation (Churchville Gneiss Member, 458 ± 4 Ma; Carroll Gneiss Member, 462 ± 4 Ma), Relay Felsite (458 ± 4 Ma), Chopawamsic Formation (453 ± 4 Ma), and a Quantico Formation volcaniclastic layer (448 ± 4 Ma). A previously dated first phase of volcanism in the Chopawamsic Formation was followed by the second phase dated here. The latter suggests a possible source for contemporaneous volcanic-ash beds throughout eastern North America. Dates from the Chopawamsic and Quantico Formations constrain the transition from arc volcanism to successor-basin sedimentation. Ordovician metatonalites of the Franklinville (462 ± 5 Ma) and Perry Hall (461 ± 5 Ma) plutons are contemporaneous with the James Run Formation, whereas granitoids of the Bynum Run (434 ± 4 Ma) and Prince William Forest (434 ± 8 Ma) plutons indicate an Early Silurian plutonic event. The Popes Head Formation yielded Mesoproterozoic (1.0–1.25 Ga, 1.5–1.8 Ga) detrital zircons, and metamorphosed sedimentary mélange of the Sykesville Formation yielded Mesoproterozoic (1.0–1.8 Ga) detrital zircons plus a minor Archean (2.6 Ga) component. A few euhedral zircons (ca. 479 Ma) in the Sykesville Formation may be from granitic seams related to the Dalecarlia Intrusive Suite. A Potomac orogeny in the Central Appalachian Piedmont is not required, but the earliest Taconic orogenesis remains poorly constrained.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From Rodinia to Pangea: The lithotectonic record of the Appalachian region","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2010.1206(25)","usgsCitation":"Horton,, J., Aleinikoff, J.N., Drake, A.A., and Fanning, C.M., 2010, Ordovician volcanic-arc terrane in the Central Appalachian Piedmont of Maryland and Virginia: SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology, field relations, and tectonic significance, chap. of From Rodinia to Pangea: The lithotectonic record of the Appalachian region, p. 621-660, https://doi.org/10.1130/2010.1206(25).","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"660","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.6131591796875,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -75.9100341796875,\n 39.69450749856091\n ],\n [\n -76.97021484375,\n 39.631076770083666\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -77.7008056640625,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -77.32177734375,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -76.6131591796875,\n 39.027718840211605\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton,, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":219824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton,","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, Avery A. Jr.","contributorId":81090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Avery","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":193462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70236662,"text":"70236662 - 2010 - Les métaux dans les particules atmosphériques: Les isotopes peuvent-ils aider à discriminer les pôles d’émission potentiels?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-15T13:37:30.07415","indexId":"70236662","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T08:16:11","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12587,"text":"Pollution Atmosphérique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Les métaux dans les particules atmosphériques: Les isotopes peuvent-ils aider à discriminer les pôles d’émission potentiels?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"French","publisher":"Association pour la Prévention de la Pollution Atmosphérique","usgsCitation":"Widory, D., Petelet-Giraud, E., Le Bihan, O., Le Moullec, Y., Quetel, C., Snell, J., Van Bocxstaele, M., Hure, A., Canard, E., Joos, E., Forti, L., Bullen, T.D., Johnson, T., and Fiani, E., 2010, Les métaux dans les particules atmosphériques: Les isotopes peuvent-ils aider à discriminer les pôles d’émission potentiels?: Pollution Atmosphérique, p. 75-82.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.appa.asso.fr/retour-aux-sources-la-recherche-et-lidentification-des-sources-de-pollution-septembre-2010/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Widory, David","contributorId":296543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Widory","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petelet-Giraud, Emmanuelle","contributorId":296544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petelet-Giraud","given":"Emmanuelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Le Bihan, Olivier","contributorId":296545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Bihan","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Le Moullec, Yvon","contributorId":296546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Moullec","given":"Yvon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quetel, Christophe","contributorId":296547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quetel","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snell, James","contributorId":296548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snell","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Van Bocxstaele, Marleen","contributorId":296549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Bocxstaele","given":"Marleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hure, Audrey","contributorId":296550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hure","given":"Audrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Canard, Evelyne","contributorId":296551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canard","given":"Evelyne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Joos, Eric","contributorId":296552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joos","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Forti, Laurent","contributorId":296553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forti","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Johnson, Tom","contributorId":296554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fiani, Emmanuel","contributorId":296555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiani","given":"Emmanuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70040056,"text":"70040056 - 2010 - 2009 Observer Survey Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T14:16:02","indexId":"70040056","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":95,"text":"USA-NPN Technical Series","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2010‐003","title":"2009 Observer Survey Report","docAbstract":"The USA‐National Phenology Network (USA‐NPN) seeks to engage volunteer observers in collecting phenological observations of plants and animals using consistent standards and to contribute their observations to a national data repository. In March 2009, the National Coordinating Office staff implemented an online monitoring program for 213 plant species. In this pilot year of the program, 547 observers reported phenology observations on one or more plants via the online interface.
\nTo learn more about our participants and to improve our program and our participants’ experience, we undertook a survey of individuals registered in the USA‐NPN phenology observation program. This report summarizes the results of the 2009 observer surveys. Two populations were targeted via separate surveys:
\nIn general, all participants in the 2009 USA‐NPN plant phenology observation program seemed to have a generally good experience. When asked why they would or would not recommend the program to friends, the majority of comments were of a positive nature, and included explanations such as, “It is an interesting and fairly light duty activity”, “It’s a cool program!”, and “A way to contribute to science”. The most commonly indicated reason for not submitting observations among non‐reporters was getting lost in the registration process (14% of respondents). Another 14% of respondents indicated that they had collected observations but did not submit them online, indicating that more people may be engaged in understanding phenology than our estimates based on data submitted suggest.
\nSurvey participants’ suggestions for improving the program fell into several categories, including the need for a more expansive list of plants from which to pick, the ability to monitor animals, and more information on the plants, including photographs of the various phenophases to aid in identification. Participants also requested increased contact from the USA‐NPN, in the form of weekly or monthly emails or newsletters and reminders to collect and submit observations. Many of these suggestions are either already being addressed in changes being made to the monitoring system and online entry system or are planned for the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"USA Phenology Network","usgsCitation":"Crimmins, T., Rosemartin, A.H., Lincicome, A., and Weltzin, J., 2010, 2009 Observer Survey Report: USA-NPN Technical Series 2010‐003, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032422","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usanpn.org/pubs/reports#USA-NPN_Technical_Series"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d642ee4b07e28b66833ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa","contributorId":103579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa H.","contributorId":30910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lincicome, Alexis","contributorId":146621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lincicome","given":"Alexis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F. jweltzin@usgs.gov","contributorId":149476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98649,"text":"cir1361 - 2010 - Effects of low-impact-development (LID) practices on streamflow, runoff quantity, and runoff quality in the Ipswich River Basin, Massachusetts: A summary of field and modeling studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-15T19:14:39.9405","indexId":"cir1361","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1361","title":"Effects of low-impact-development (LID) practices on streamflow, runoff quantity, and runoff quality in the Ipswich River Basin, Massachusetts: A summary of field and modeling studies","docAbstract":"Low-impact-development (LID) approaches are intended to create, retain, or restore natural hydrologic and water-quality conditions that may be affected by human alterations. Wide-scale implementation of LID techniques may offer the possibility of improving conditions in river basins, such as the Ipswich River Basin in Massachusetts, that have run dry during the summer because of groundwater withdrawals and drought. From 2005 to 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in a cooperative funding agreement with the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, monitored small-scale installations of LID enhancements designed to diminish the effects of storm runoff on the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater. Funding for the studies also was contributed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Targeted Watersheds Grant Program through a financial assistance agreement with Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. The monitoring studies examined the effects of
In addition to these small-scale installations, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Ipswich River Basin model was used to simulate the basin-wide effects on streamflow of several changes: broad-scale implementation of LID techniques, reduced water-supply withdrawals, and water-conservation measures. Water-supply and conservation scenarios for application in model simulations were developed with the assistance of two technical advisory committees that included representatives of State agencies responsible for water resources, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, water suppliers, and non-governmental organizations.
From June 2005 to June 2007, groundwater quality was monitored at the Silver Lake town beach parking lot in Wilmington, Massachusetts, prior to and following the replacement of the conventional, impervious-asphalt surface with a porous surface consisting primarily of porous asphalt and porous pavers designed to enhance rainfall infiltration into the groundwater and to minimize runoff to Silver Lake. Concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and total petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater were monitored. Enhancing infiltration of precipitation did not result in discernible increases in concentrations of these potential groundwater contaminants. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen increased slightly in groundwater profiles following the removal of the impervious asphalt parking-lot surface.
In Wilmington, Massachusetts, in a 3-acre neighborhood, stormwater runoff volume and quality were monitored to determine the ability of selected LID enhancements (rain gardens and porous paving stones) to reduce flows and loads of the selected constituents to Silver Lake. Water-quality samples were analyzed for nutrients, metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and total-coliform and E. coli bacteria. A decrease in runoff quantity was observed for storms of 0.25 inch or less of precipitation. Water-quality-monitoring results were inconclusive; there were no statistically significant differences in concentrations or loads when the pre- and post-installation-period samples were compared.
In a third field study, the characteristics of runoff from a vegetated \"green\" roof and a conventional, rubber-membrane roof were compared. The two primary factors affecting the green roof’s water-storage capacity were the amount of precipitation and antecedent dry period. Although concentrations of many of the chemicals in roof runoff were higher from the green roof than from the conventional roof, the ability of the green roof to retain water generally resulted in decreased differences between the total amounts (loads) of the chemicals that ran off the roofs.
Land-use and water-management changes associated with LID implementation were investigated at multiple spatial scales, using the U.S. Geological Survey’s Ipswich River Basin model, to evaluate the effects of
The new baseline simulation indicated that reduced water-supply withdrawals for the towns of Reading and Wilmington led to substantially higher medium and low flows in most of the reaches upstream from the South Middleton streamgage in the upper Ipswich River basin.
Overall, simulations pointed to the importance of spatial scale in determining the effects of land-use change and LID practices on streamflow. Potential land-use changes at buildout had modest effects on streamflow in most subbasins (percent differences of less than 20 percent) because relatively little land in the basin was available for development. Results of the simulations conducted to evaluate widespread effective-impervious-area reductions upstream from the South Middleton streamgage indicated that the percentages of urban land use and associated effective impervious area were too small for even a 50-percent reduction of effective impervious area to appreciably affect streamflow in most subbasins. In contrast, the results of the hypothetical local-scale simulations indicated that for smaller streams, with high percentages of urban land use and associated effective impervious area, land-use change, development patterns, and LID practices may have substantial effects on streamflow. Modeling studies concurred with the results of fieldwork in the assessment that LID enhancements would likely have the greatest effect on decreasing stormwater runoff when broadly applied to highly impervious urban areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1361","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the\r\nMassachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, M.J., Waldron, M.C., Barbaro, J.R., and Sorenson, J.R., 2010, Effects of low-impact-development (LID) practices on streamflow, runoff quantity, and runoff quality in the Ipswich River Basin, Massachusetts: A summary of field and modeling studies: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1361, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1361.","productDescription":"40 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1361.jpg"},{"id":406782,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93937.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14052,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1361/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.2,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -70.775,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -70.775,\n 42.6989\n ],\n [\n -71.2,\n 42.6989\n ],\n [\n -71.2,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Marc J. mzimmerm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Marc","email":"mzimmerm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sorenson, Jason R. 0000-0001-5553-8594 jsorenso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-8594","contributorId":3468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Jason","email":"jsorenso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156079,"text":"70156079 - 2010 - King eider use an income strategy for egg production: a case study for incorporating individual dietary variation into nutrient allocation research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-19T12:02:43","indexId":"70156079","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"King eider use an income strategy for egg production: a case study for incorporating individual dietary variation into nutrient allocation research","docAbstract":"The use of stored nutrients for reproduction represents an important component of life-history variation. Recent studies from several species have used stable isotopes to estimate the reliance on stored body reserves in reproduction. Such approaches rely on population-level dietary endpoints to characterize stored reserves (“capital”) and current diet (“income”). Individual variation in diet choice has so far not been incorporated in such approaches, but is crucial for assessing variation in nutrient allocation strategies. We investigated nutrient allocation to egg production in a large-bodied sea duck in northern Alaska, the king eider (Somateria spectabilis). We first used Bayesian isotopic mixing models to quantify at the population level the amount of endogenous carbon and nitrogen invested into egg proteins based on carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. We then defined the isotopic signature of the current diet of every nesting female based on isotope ratios of eggshell membranes, because diets varied isotopically among individual king eiders on breeding grounds. We used these individual-based dietary isotope signals to characterize nutrient allocation for each female in the study population. At the population level, the Bayesian and the individual-based approaches yielded identical results, and showed that king eiders used an income strategy for the synthesis of egg proteins. The majority of the carbon and nitrogen in albumen (C: 86 ± 18%, N: 99 ± 1%) and the nitrogen in lipid-free yolk (90 ± 15%) were derived from food consumed on breeding grounds. Carbon in lipid-free yolk derived evenly from endogenous sources and current diet (exogenous C: 54 ± 24%), but source contribution was highly variable among individual females. These results suggest that even large-bodied birds traditionally viewed as capital breeders use exogenous nutrients for reproduction. We recommend that investigations of nutrient allocation should incorporate individual variation into mixing models to reveal intraspecific variation in reproductive strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-010-1619-z","usgsCitation":"Oppel, S., Powell, A., and O’Brien, D.M., 2010, King eider use an income strategy for egg production: a case study for incorporating individual dietary variation into nutrient allocation research: Oecologia, v. 164, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1619-z.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009260","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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M.","contributorId":66173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98650,"text":"fs20103064 - 2010 - Northwest Area Science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"fs20103064","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3064","title":"Northwest Area Science","docAbstract":"Northwest Area Facts\r\n\r\n * Population about 12 million\r\n * 43 federally recognized Tribes\r\n * Hydropower provides about two-thirds of electricity supply\r\n * 78 federally listed threatened and endangered species\r\n * 12 active or potentially active volcanoes\r\n * Columbia River system drains more than 260,000 square miles, an area about the size of Texas\r\n * More than 175 square miles covered by glaciers\r\n * More than 900 miles of Pacific Ocean coastline\r\n * More than 2,300 miles of greater Puget Sound coastline\r\n * Some forests store more carbon per unit area than any other area in the world, including the tropics\r\n * 51 percent federal lands\r\n * Significant lead, zinc, silver, and phosphate deposits","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103064","usgsCitation":"Fuentes, T.L., van Heeswijk, M., and Grossman, E., 2010, Northwest Area Science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3064, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103064.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":483,"text":"Northwest Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3064.bmp"},{"id":14053,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,42 ], [ -125,49 ], [ -111,49 ], [ -111,42 ], [ -125,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuentes, Tracy L.","contributorId":8952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Heeswijk, Marijke heeswijk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Heeswijk","given":"Marijke","email":"heeswijk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grossman, Eric E. 0000-0003-0269-6307 egrossman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-6307","contributorId":2334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","email":"egrossman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98652,"text":"ofr20101142 - 2010 - Floods in Florida due to Tropical Storm Fay, August 15 through September 26, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"ofr20101142","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1142","title":"Floods in Florida due to Tropical Storm Fay, August 15 through September 26, 2008","docAbstract":"Weather conditions produced by Tropical Storm Fay from August 15 through September 26, 2008, caused historic flooding, spawned 19 tornadoes, inflicted $390 million in damages, and contributed to five deaths in Florida. This slow-moving system made four separate landfalls accompanied by extensive rainfall and some wind-induced effects. Major flooding with new period-of-record instantaneous peaks and maximum monthly mean streamflows were reported throughout the Ochlockonee and St. Marks Rivers in the Florida Panhandle and the St. Marys, St. Johns, Econlockhatchee, and Wekiva Rivers in northeastern Florida. A total of 147 field crews from the U.S. Geological Survey in Florida made flood measurements immediately following passage of Tropical Storm Fay and continued to monitor high-water conditions for the subsequent 24 days. These measurements were used to verify and document the ratings and the peaks of this climatic event throughout the State. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101142","usgsCitation":"Verdi, R.J., and Holt, S.L., 2010, Floods in Florida due to Tropical Storm Fay, August 15 through September 26, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1142, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101142.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-08-15","temporalEnd":"2008-09-26","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1142.jpg"},{"id":14055,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,15 ], [ -95,40 ], [ -60,40 ], [ -60,15 ], [ -95,15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdi, Richard J. 0000-0002-7093-9203 rverdi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9203","contributorId":1098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdi","given":"Richard","email":"rverdi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holt, Sandra L.","contributorId":24060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045137,"text":"70045137 - 2010 - Global building inventory for earthquake loss estimation and risk management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T09:55:25","indexId":"70045137","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global building inventory for earthquake loss estimation and risk management","docAbstract":"We develop a global database of building inventories using taxonomy of global building types for use in near-real-time post-earthquake loss estimation and pre-earthquake risk analysis, for the U.S. Geological Survey’s Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) program. The database is available for public use, subject to peer review, scrutiny, and open enhancement. On a country-by-country level, it contains estimates of the distribution of building types categorized by material, lateral force resisting system, and occupancy type (residential or nonresidential, urban or rural). The database draws on and harmonizes numerous sources: (1) UN statistics, (2) UN Habitat’s demographic and health survey (DHS) database, (3) national housing censuses, (4) the World Housing Encyclopedia and (5) other literature.","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Spectra","doi":"10.1193/1.3450316","usgsCitation":"Jaiswal, K., Wald, D., and Porter, K., 2010, Global building inventory for earthquake loss estimation and risk management: Earthquake Spectra, v. 26, no. 3, p. 731-748, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3450316.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"748","ipdsId":"IP-007661","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270909,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3450316"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216be4b0411d430a8a1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaiswal, Kishor kjaiswal@usgs.gov","contributorId":861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":26291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, Keith","contributorId":28689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193763,"text":"70193763 - 2010 - Combined use of frequency-domain electromagnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate near-lake groundwater flow in the semi-arid Nebraska Sand Hills, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-23T17:04:08","indexId":"70193763","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined use of frequency-domain electromagnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate near-lake groundwater flow in the semi-arid Nebraska Sand Hills, USA","docAbstract":"A frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) survey can be used to select locations for the more quantitative and labor-intensive electrical resistivity surveys. The FDEM survey rapidly characterized the groundwater-flow directions and configured the saline plumes caused by evaporation from several groundwater-dominated lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA. The FDEM instrument was mounted on a fiberglass cart and towed by an all-terrain vehicle, covering about 25 km/day. Around the saline lakes, areas with high electrical conductivity are consistent with the regional and local groundwater flow directions. The efficacy of this geophysical approach is attributed to: the high contrast in electrical conductivity between various groundwater zones; the shallow location of the saline zones; minimal cultural interference; and relative homogeneity of the aquifer materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0617-x","usgsCitation":"Ong, J.B., Lane, J.W., Zlotnik, V.A., Halihan, T., and White, E.A., 2010, Combined use of frequency-domain electromagnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate near-lake groundwater flow in the semi-arid Nebraska Sand Hills, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 6, p. 1539-1545, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0617-x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1539","endPage":"1545","ipdsId":"IP-015945","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Nebraska Sand Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.8333,\n 41.6667\n ],\n [\n -102.3333,\n 41.6667\n ],\n [\n -102.3333,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -102.8333,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -102.8333,\n 41.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610aabe4b06e28e9c256c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ong, John B. jbong@usgs.gov","contributorId":5190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"John","email":"jbong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":720298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zlotnik, Vitaly A.","contributorId":19985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zlotnik","given":"Vitaly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halihan, Todd","contributorId":68856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halihan","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":720296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179341,"text":"70179341 - 2010 - Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, annual report 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T10:36:06","indexId":"70179341","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, annual report 2008","docAbstract":"In 2009, we used radio and acoustic telemetry to evaluate the migratory behavior, survival, mortality, and delay of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the Clearwater River and Lower Granite Reservoir. We released a total of 1,000 tagged hatchery subyearlings at Cherry Lane on the Clearwater River in mid August and we monitored them as they passed downstream through various river and reservoir reaches. Survival through the free-flowing river was high (>0.85) for both radio- and acoustic-tagged fish, but dropped substantially as fish delayed in the Transition Zone and Confluence areas. Estimates of the joint probability of migration and survival through the Transition Zone and Confluence reaches combined were similar for both radio- and acoustic-tagged fish, and ranged from about 0.30 to 0.35. Estimates of the joint probability of delaying and surviving in the combined Transition Zone and Confluence peaked at the beginning of the study, ranging from 0.323 ( SE =NA; radio-telemetry data) to 0.466 ( SE =0.024; acoustic-telemetry data), and then steadily declined throughout the remainder of the study. By the end of October, no live tagged juvenile salmon were detected in either the Transition Zone or the Confluence. As estimates of the probability of delay decreased throughout the study, estimates of the probability of mortality increased, as evidenced by the survival estimate of 0.650 ( SE =0.025) at the end of October (acoustic-telemetry data). Few fish were detected at Lower Granite Dam during our study and even fewer fish passed the dam before PIT-tag monitoring ended at the end of October. Five acoustic-tagged fish passed Lower Granite Dam in October and 12 passed the dam in November based on detections in the dam tailrace; however, too few detections were available to calculate the joint probabilities of migrating and surviving or delaying and surviving. Estimates of the joint probability of migrating and surviving through the reservoir was less than 0.2 based on acoustic-tagged fish. Migration rates of tagged fish were highest in the free-flowing river (median range = 36 to 43 km/d) but were generally less than 6 km/d in the reservoir reaches. In particular, median migration rates of radio-tagged fish through the Transition Zone and Confluence were 3.4 and 5.2 km/d, respectively. Median migration rate for acoustic-tagged fish though the Transition Zone and Confluence combined was 1 km/d.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K.F., Connor, W.P., Bellgraph, B., and Buchanan, R.A., 2010, Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, annual report 2008, v., 116 p. .","productDescription":"v., 116 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River, Lower Granite Reservoirs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.17742919921875,\n 46.44069599413034\n ],\n [\n -117.04010009765625,\n 46.44069599413034\n ],\n [\n -116.90689086914064,\n 46.445427497233844\n ],\n [\n -116.75308227539062,\n 46.50122820195782\n ],\n [\n -116.70089721679686,\n 46.50878999443673\n ],\n [\n -116.71188354492188,\n 46.48042784896914\n ],\n [\n -116.90551757812499,\n 46.417032314661775\n ],\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 46.41229834595414\n ],\n [\n -117.01263427734374,\n 46.35261512930026\n ],\n [\n -116.92062377929686,\n 46.24730022570339\n ],\n [\n -116.90139770507811,\n 46.1560536971598\n ],\n [\n -116.90277099609374,\n 46.08370938230368\n ],\n [\n -116.90277099609374,\n 46.03034226096046\n ],\n [\n -116.971435546875,\n 46.026528350100904\n ],\n [\n -117.03186035156251,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -117.01675415039064,\n 46.1997949019545\n ],\n [\n -117.07443237304686,\n 46.30899569419859\n ],\n [\n -117.07443237304686,\n 46.403776166694634\n ],\n [\n -117.20626831054688,\n 46.408510875107204\n ],\n [\n -117.22961425781249,\n 46.419872498633765\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 46.45394316729876\n ],\n [\n -117.17742919921875,\n 46.44069599413034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f13e4b0cd2dabe7c4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID 83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellgraph, Brian J.","contributorId":138844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellgraph","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buchanan, Rebecca A.","contributorId":117624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156088,"text":"70156088 - 2010 - Bald eagle predation on common loon egg","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T17:57:10","indexId":"70156088","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bald eagle predation on common loon egg","docAbstract":"The Common Loon (Gavia immer) must defend against many potential egg predators during incubation, including corvids, Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), fisher (Martes pennanti), and mink (Neovison vison) (McIntyre 1988, Evers 2004, McCann et al. 2005). Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been documented as predators of both adult Common Loons and their chicks (Vliestra and Paruk 1997, Paruk et al. 1999, Erlandson et al. 2007, Piper et al. 2008). In Wisconsin, where nesting Bald Eagles are abundant (>1200 nesting pairs, >1 young/pair/year), field biologists observed four instances of eagle predation of eggs in loon nests during the period 2002–2004 (M. Meyer pers. comm.). In addition, four cases of eagle predation of incubating adult loons were inferred from evidence found at the loon nest (dozens of plucked adult loon feathers, no carcass remains) and/or loon leg, neck, and skull bones beneath two active eagle nests, including leg bones containing the bands of the nearby (<25 m) incubating adult loon. However, although loon egg predation has been associated with Bald Eagles, predation events have yet to be described in peer-reviewed literature. Here we describe a photographic observation of predation on a Common Loon egg by an immature Bald Eagle as captured by a nest surveillance video camera on Lake Umbagog, a large lake (32 km2) at Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge (UNWR) in Maine.
","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","doi":"10.3356/JRR-09-72.1","usgsCitation":"DeStefano, S., McCarthy, K.P., and Laskowski, T., 2010, Bald eagle predation on common loon egg: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 44, no. 3, p. 249-251, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-09-72.1.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010180","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Lake Umbagog","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.09630584716797,\n 44.70062975596728\n ],\n [\n -71.09630584716797,\n 44.78354083744795\n ],\n [\n -71.01408004760742,\n 44.78354083744795\n ],\n [\n -71.01408004760742,\n 44.70062975596728\n ],\n [\n -71.09630584716797,\n 44.70062975596728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572de4b0518e354694ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":2874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, Kyle P.","contributorId":146574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laskowski, Tom","contributorId":146575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laskowski","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044001,"text":"70044001 - 2010 - Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon life history investigations annual report, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-18T09:58:31","indexId":"70044001","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon life history investigations annual report, 2009","docAbstract":"In 2009, we used radio and acoustic telemetry to evaluate the migratory behavior, survival, mortality, and delay of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the Clearwater River and Lower Granite Reservoir. We released a total of 1,000 tagged hatchery subyearlings at Cherry Lane on the Clearwater River in mid August and we monitored them as they passed downstream through various river and reservoir reaches. Survival through the free-flowing river was high (>0.85) for both radio- and acoustic-tagged fish, but dropped substantially as fish delayed in the Transition Zone and Confluence areas. Estimates of the joint probability of migration and survival through the Transition Zone and Confluence reaches combined were similar for both radio- and acoustic-tagged fish, and ranged from about 0.30 to 0.35. Estimates of the joint probability of delaying and surviving in the combined Transition Zone and Confluence peaked at the beginning of the study, ranging from 0.323 (SE =NA; radio-telemetry data) to 0.466 (SE =0.024; acoustic-telemetry data), and then steadily declined throughout the remainder of the study. By the end of October, no live tagged juvenile salmon were detected in either the Transition Zone or the Confluence. As estimates of the probability of delay decreased throughout the study, estimates of the probability of mortality increased, as evidenced by the survival estimate of 0.650 (SE =0.025) at the end of October (acoustic-telemetry data). Few fish were detected at Lower Granite Dam during our study and even fewer fish passed the dam before PIT-tag monitoring ended at the end of October. Five acoustic-tagged fish passed Lower Granite Dam in October and 12 passed the dam in November based on detections in the dam tailrace; however, too few detections were available to calculate the joint probabilities of migrating and surviving or delaying and surviving. Estimates of the joint probability of migrating and surviving through the reservoir was less than 0.2 based on acoustic-tagged fish. Migration rates of tagged fish were highest in the free-flowing river (median range = 36 to 43 km/d) but were generally less than 6 km/d in the reservoir reaches. In particular, median migration rates of radio-tagged fish through the Transition Zone and Confluence were 3.4 and 5.2 km/d, respectively. Median migration rate for acoustic-tagged fish though the Transition Zone and Confluence combined was 1 km/d.
We radio tagged 84 smallmouth bass and six channel catfish in the Confluence reach and later detected 48 bass and 1 catfish during mobile tracking. Predators were primarily located along shorelines in the Confluence, but a couple of smallmouth bass did swim into the Clearwater River. Most radio-tagged subyearlings that we determined to be dead were also located in shoreline areas suggesting that predation could account for some of the mortality we observed.
Our total dissolved gas (TDG) monitoring in the lower Clearwater River showed a cyclic pattern of low (~102%) TDG in the morning and higher (~110%) TDG in the late afternoon. Using a compensation depth of 1 m, we found that 15.4% (3.9 ha) of the lower 13 km of the Clearwater River would not provide fish with an opportunity for depth compensation in a low flow year. Water temperatures in the Clearwater River showed diel variations of about 2°C, and generally ranged from 10-12°C during summer flow augmentation. The Clearwater River generally showed little thermal variation while our tagged fish were at large, whereas the Snake River at the downstream boundary of the Confluence was thermally heterogeneous until mid-September. In the unimpounded Clearwater River, simulated water velocities ranged from about 1.3 to 1.5 m/s before flow augmentation ended, and were about 0.6 m/s thereafter. By comparison, velocities at the Clearwater River mouth were about 0.3 m/s during flow augmentation, and about 0.1 m/s thereafter.
From October 2008 to February 2009 and from July 2009 to March 2010 we used monthly mobile hydroacoustic surveys to estimate the number of juvenile Chinook salmon in Little Goose and Lower Granite reservoirs, the first two reservoirs encountered on the lower Snake River by downstream migrants. Concurrent lampara seining was used to verify acoustic targets, calculate condition factors, and to examine spatial and temporal density patterns. Our data indicated that holdovers are larger in warmer water temperature years and smaller in colder water temperature years. Lampara catch data indicated that holdovers were seasonally the most abundant and in the best condition in November and December, whereas the hydroacoustic data showed population peaks in October in Lower Granite Reservoir and in January in Little Goose Reservoir. Maximum population estimates in Lower Granite Reservoir were 6,929 in October 2008 and 7,218 in October 2009. In Little Goose Reservoir, maximum population estimates were 9,645 in January 2009 and 10,419 in January 2010. By February, abundances and relative condition factors decreased as most holdovers had probably moved past Lower Granite and Little Goose dams. Spatial differences were primarily longitudinal with greater holdover abundances in the lower reaches of both reservoirs.
","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration Report","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K.F., Connor, W., Buchanan, R.A., and Bellgraph, B.J., 2010, Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon life history investigations annual report, 2009, 121 p.","productDescription":"121 p.","ipdsId":"IP-024989","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/documentviewer.aspx?doc=P118192"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b70ce4b0702d0e844d58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":115438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"William P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID 83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":517068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bellgraph, Brian J.","contributorId":115176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellgraph","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buchanan, Rebecca A.","contributorId":117624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98651,"text":"ofr20091121 - 2010 - Decision analysis framing study: In-valley drainage management strategies for the western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T20:23:20.959113","indexId":"ofr20091121","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1121","title":"Decision analysis framing study: In-valley drainage management strategies for the western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Constraints on drainage management in the western San Joaquin Valley and implications of proposed approaches to management were recently evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The USGS found that a significant amount of data for relevant technical issues was available and that a structured, analytical decision support tool could help optimize combinations of specific in-valley drainage management strategies, address uncertainties, and document underlying data analysis for future use. To follow-up on USGS's technical analysis and to help define a scientific basis for decisionmaking in implementing in-valley drainage management strategies, this report describes the first step (that is, a framing study) in a Decision Analysis process. In general, a Decision Analysis process includes four steps: (1) problem framing to establish the scope of the decision problem(s) and a set of fundamental objectives to evaluate potential solutions, (2) generation of strategies to address identified decision problem(s), (3) identification of uncertainties and their relationships, and (4) construction of a decision support model. Participation in such a systematic approach can help to promote consensus and to build a record of qualified supporting data for planning and implementation.\r\n\r\nIn December 2008, a Decision Analysis framing study was initiated with a series of meetings designed to obtain preliminary input from key stakeholder groups on the scope of decisions relevant to drainage management that were of interest to them, and on the fundamental objectives each group considered relevant to those decisions. Two key findings of this framing study are: (1) participating stakeholders have many drainage management objectives in common; and (2) understanding the links between drainage management and water management is necessary both for sound science-based decisionmaking and for resolving stakeholder differences about the value of proposed drainage management solutions.\r\n\r\nCiting ongoing legal processes associated with drainage management in the western San Joaquin Valley, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) withdrew from the Decision Analysis process early in the proceedings. Without the involvement of the USBR, the USGS discontinued further development of this study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091121","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., Jenni, K., Nieman, T., and Coleman, J., 2010, Decision analysis framing study: In-valley drainage management strategies for the western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1121, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091121.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410568,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93936.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1121.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5656,\n 35.0631\n ],\n [\n -121.5656,\n 37.75\n ],\n [\n -118.9717,\n 37.75\n ],\n [\n -118.9717,\n 35.0631\n ],\n [\n -121.5656,\n 35.0631\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenni, Karen E.","contributorId":21256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenni","given":"Karen E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nieman, Timothy","contributorId":91965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nieman","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, James","contributorId":63123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156576,"text":"70156576 - 2010 - Controls on the global distribution of orogenic gold and their significance in relation to India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T16:43:29.455961","indexId":"70156576","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Controls on the global distribution of orogenic gold and their significance in relation to India","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gold metallogeny: India and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Narosa Publishing House","publisherLocation":"New Delhi","usgsCitation":"Deb, M., Goldfarb, R.J., Groves, D.I., and Taylor, R.D., 2010, Controls on the global distribution of orogenic gold and their significance in relation to India, chap. of Gold metallogeny: India and beyond, p. 48-57.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017758","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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Mihir Mihir","contributorId":117444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deb","given":"Mihir","suffix":"Mihir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569557,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569558,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Deb, Mihir Mihir","contributorId":117444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deb","given":"Mihir","suffix":"Mihir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groves, David I.","contributorId":34194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, R. D.","contributorId":56385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038433,"text":"70038433 - 2010 - White-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) in bats, Europe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T13:23:06.735911","indexId":"70038433","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-31T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1493,"text":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"White-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) in bats, Europe","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome is an emerging disease in North America that has caused substantial declines in hibernating bats. A recently identified fungus (Geomyces destructans) causes skin lesions that are characteristic of this disease. Typical signs of this infection were not observed in bats in North America before white-nose syndrome was detected. However, unconfirmed reports from Europe indicated white fungal growth on hibernating bats without associated deaths. To investigate these differences, hibernating bats were sampled in Germany, Switzerland, and Hungary to determine whether G. destructans is present in Europe. Microscopic observations, fungal culture, and genetic analyses of 43 samples from 23 bats indicated that 21 bats of 5 species in 3 countries were colonized by G. destructans. We hypothesize that G. destructans is present throughout Europe and that bats in Europe may be more immunologically or behaviorally resistant to G. destructans than their congeners in North America because they potentially coevolved with the fungus.
","language":"English","publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi":"10.3201/eid1608.100002","usgsCitation":"Wibbelt, G., Kurth, A., Hellmann, D., Weishaar, M., Barlow, A., Veith, M., Pruger, J., Gorfol, T., Grosche, T., Bontadina, F., Zophel, U., Seidl, H., Cryan, P., and Blehert, D., 2010, White-nose syndrome fungus (Geomyces destructans) in bats, Europe: Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 16, no. 8, p. 1237-1242, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1608.100002.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1237","endPage":"1242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1608.100002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Germany, Hungary, Switzerland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"13\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Germany\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[9.92191,54.9831],[9.93958,54.59664],[10.95011,54.36361],[10.93947,54.00869],[11.95625,54.19649],[12.51844,54.47037],[13.64747,54.07551],[14.11969,53.75703],[14.35332,53.24817],[14.07452,52.98126],[14.4376,52.62485],[14.68503,52.08995],[14.6071,51.74519],[15.017,51.10667],[14.57072,51.00234],[14.30701,51.11727],[14.05623,50.92692],[13.33813,50.73323],[12.96684,50.48408],[12.24011,50.26634],[12.41519,49.96912],[12.52102,49.54742],[13.03133,49.30707],[13.59595,48.87717],[13.24336,48.41611],[12.8841,48.28915],[13.02585,47.63758],[12.93263,47.46765],[12.62076,47.67239],[12.14136,47.70308],[11.42641,47.52377],[10.5445,47.5664],[10.40208,47.30249],[9.89607,47.5802],[9.59423,47.52506],[8.52261,47.83083],[8.3173,47.61358],[7.46676,47.62058],[7.59368,48.33302],[8.09928,49.01778],[6.65823,49.20196],[6.18632,49.4638],[6.24275,49.90223],[6.04307,50.12805],[6.15666,50.80372],[5.98866,51.85162],[6.5894,51.85203],[6.84287,52.22844],[7.09205,53.14404],[6.90514,53.48216],[7.10042,53.69393],[7.93624,53.7483],[8.12171,53.52779],[8.80073,54.02079],[8.57212,54.39565],[8.52623,54.96274],[9.28205,54.83087],[9.92191,54.9831],[9.92191,54.9831]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"96\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hungary\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[16.2023,46.85239],[16.53427,47.49617],[16.34058,47.7129],[16.90375,47.71487],[16.97967,48.1235],[17.48847,47.86747],[17.85713,47.75843],[18.69651,47.88095],[18.77702,48.08177],[19.17436,48.11138],[19.66136,48.26661],[19.76947,48.20269],[20.23905,48.32757],[20.47356,48.56285],[20.80129,48.62385],[21.87224,48.31997],[22.08561,48.42226],[22.64082,48.15024],[22.71053,47.88219],[22.09977,47.67244],[21.62651,46.99424],[21.02195,46.31609],[20.22019,46.12747],[19.59604,46.17173],[18.82984,45.90888],[18.45606,45.75948],[17.63007,45.95177],[16.88252,46.38063],[16.56481,46.50375],[16.3705,46.84133],[16.2023,46.85239],[16.2023,46.85239]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"163\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Switzerland\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[9.59423,47.52506],[9.63293,47.3476],[9.47997,47.10281],[9.93245,46.92073],[10.4427,46.89355],[10.36338,46.48357],[9.92284,46.3149],[9.18288,46.44021],[8.96631,46.03693],[8.48995,46.00515],[8.31663,46.16364],[7.75599,45.82449],[7.27385,45.77695],[6.84359,45.99115],[6.5001,46.42967],[6.02261,46.27299],[6.03739,46.72578],[6.76871,47.28771],[6.73657,47.5418],[7.1922,47.44977],[7.46676,47.62058],[8.3173,47.61358],[8.52261,47.83083],[9.59423,47.52506],[9.59423,47.52506]]]}}]}","volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd079e4b08c986b32ee96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wibbelt, G.","contributorId":46356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wibbelt","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurth, A.","contributorId":82172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurth","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hellmann, D.","contributorId":88999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellmann","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weishaar, M.","contributorId":12742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weishaar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barlow, A.","contributorId":87800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veith, M.","contributorId":63262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veith","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pruger, J.","contributorId":69838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gorfol, T.","contributorId":51148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorfol","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Grosche, T.","contributorId":29261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosche","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bontadina, F.","contributorId":55262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bontadina","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zophel, U.","contributorId":64089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zophel","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Seidl, Hans-Peter","contributorId":85823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seidl","given":"Hans-Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cryan, P.M.","contributorId":82635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Blehert, D.S. 0000-0002-1065-9760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":51982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":98648,"text":"sir20105074 - 2010 - Water quality and ecological condition of urban streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through December 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105074","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5074","title":"Water quality and ecological condition of urban streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through December 2008","docAbstract":"To identify the sources of selected constituents in urban streams and better understand processes affecting water quality and their effects on the ecological condition of urban streams and the Little Blue River in Independence, Missouri the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the City of Independence Water Pollution Control Department initiated a study in June 2005 to characterize water quality and evaluate the ecological condition of streams within Independence. Base-flow and stormflow samples collected from five sites within Independence, from June 2005 to December 2008, were used to characterize the physical, chemical, and biologic effects of storm runoff on the water quality in Independence streams and the Little Blue River. The streams draining Independence-Rock Creek, Sugar Creek, Mill Creek, Fire Prairie Creek, and the Little Blue River-drain to the north and the Missouri River. Two small predominantly urban streams, Crackerneck Creek [12.9-square kilometer (km2) basin] and Spring Branch Creek (25.4-km2 basin), were monitored that enter into the Little Blue River between upstream and downstream monitoring sites. The Little Blue River above the upstream site is regulated by several reservoirs, but streamflow is largely uncontrolled. The Little Blue River Basin encompasses 585 km2 with about 168 km2 or 29 percent of the basin lying within the city limits of Independence. Water-quality samples also were collected for Rock Creek (24.1-km2 basin) that drains the western part of Independence.\r\n\r\nData collection included streamflow, physical properties, dissolved oxygen, chloride, metals, nutrients, common organic micro-constituents, and fecal indicator bacteria. Benthic macroinvertebrate community surveys and habitat assessments were conducted to establish a baseline for evaluating the ecological condition and health of streams within Independence. Additional dry-weather screenings during base flow of all streams draining Independence were conducted to identify point-source discharges and other sources of potential contamination. Regression models were used to estimate continuous and annual flow-weighted concentrations, loadings, and yields for chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended sediment, and Escherichia coli bacteria densities.\r\n\r\nBase-flow and stormflow water-quality samples were collected at five sites within Independence. Base-flow samples for Rock Creek and two tributary streams to the Little Blue River exceeded recommended U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards for the protection of aquatic life for total nitrogen and total phosphorus in about 90 percent of samples, whereas samples collected at two Little Blue River sites exceeded both the total nitrogen and total phosphorus standards less often, about 30 percent of the time. Dry-weather screening identified a relatively small number (14.0 percent of all analyses) of potential point-source discharges for total chlorine, phenols, and anionic surfactants.\r\n\r\nStormflow had larger median measured concentrations of total common organic micro-constituents than base flow. The four categories of common organic micro-constituents with the most total detections in stormflow were pesticides (100 percent), polyaromatic hydrocarbons and combustion by-products (99 percent), plastics (93 percent), and stimulants (91 percent). Most detections of common organic micro-constituents were less than 2 micrograms per liter. Median instantaneous Escherichia coli densities for stormflow samples showed a 21 percent increase measured at the downstream site on the Little Blue River from the sampled upstream site. Using microbial source-tracking methods, less than 30 percent of Escherichia coli bacteria in samples were identified as having human sources.\r\n\r\nBase-flow and stormflow data were used to develop regression equations with streamflow and continuous water-quality data to estimate daily concentrations, loads, and yields of various water-quality contaminants.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Pollution Control Department","usgsCitation":"Christensen, D., Harris, T.E., and Niesen, S.L., 2010, Water quality and ecological condition of urban streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through December 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5074, xi, 115 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105074.","productDescription":"xi, 115 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5074.jpg"},{"id":14051,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6,38.75 ], [ -94.6,39.166666666666664 ], [ -94.16666666666667,39.166666666666664 ], [ -94.16666666666667,38.75 ], [ -94.6,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, D.","contributorId":82423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Thomas E. tharris@usgs.gov","contributorId":3882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Thomas","email":"tharris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niesen, Shelley L. ssevern@usgs.gov","contributorId":4583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niesen","given":"Shelley","email":"ssevern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98645,"text":"pp1779 - 2010 - Analogues to features and processes of a high-level radioactive waste repository proposed for Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"pp1779","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","title":"Analogues to features and processes of a high-level radioactive waste repository proposed for Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Natural analogues are defined for this report as naturally occurring or anthropogenic systems in which processes similar to those expected to occur in a nuclear waste repository are thought to have taken place over time periods of decades to millennia and on spatial scales as much as tens of kilometers. Analogues provide an important temporal and spatial dimension that cannot be tested by laboratory or field-scale experiments. Analogues provide one of the multiple lines of evidence intended to increase confidence in the safe geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Although the work in this report was completed specifically for Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as the proposed geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste under the U.S. Nuclear Waste Policy Act, the applicability of the science, analyses, and interpretations is not limited to a specific site. Natural and anthropogenic analogues have provided and can continue to provide value in understanding features and processes of importance across a wide variety of topics in addressing the challenges of geologic isolation of radioactive waste and also as a contribution to scientific investigations unrelated to waste disposal.\r\n\r\nIsolation of radioactive waste at a mined geologic repository would be through a combination of natural features and engineered barriers. In this report we examine analogues to many of the various components of the Yucca Mountain system, including the preservation of materials in unsaturated environments, flow of water through unsaturated volcanic tuff, seepage into repository drifts, repository drift stability, stability and alteration of waste forms and components of the engineered barrier system, and transport of radionuclides through unsaturated and saturated rock zones. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1779","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy under Interagency Agreement DE-AI28-07RW12405","usgsCitation":"Simmons, A.M., Stuckless, J.S., and with a Foreword by Abraham Van Luik, U.D., 2010, Analogues to features and processes of a high-level radioactive waste repository proposed for Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1779, xiii, 194 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1779.","productDescription":"xiii, 194 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":687,"text":"Yucca Mountain Project Branch","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14046,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1779/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1779.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68381b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmons, Ardyth M.","contributorId":94412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Ardyth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"with a Foreword by Abraham Van Luik, U.S. Department of Energy","contributorId":81605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"with a Foreword by Abraham Van Luik","given":"U.S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Department of Energy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98646,"text":"sir20105128 - 2010 - Effects of urbanization, construction activity, management practices, and impoundments on suspended-sediment transport in Johnson County, northeast Kansas, February 2006 through November 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105128","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5128","title":"Effects of urbanization, construction activity, management practices, and impoundments on suspended-sediment transport in Johnson County, northeast Kansas, February 2006 through November 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Johnson County, Kansas, Stormwater Management Program, investigated the effects of urbanization, construction activity, management practices, and impoundments on suspended-sediment transport in Johnson County from February 2006 through November 2008. Streamgages and continuous turbidity sensors were operated at 15 sites within the urbanizing 57-square-mile Mill Creek Basin, and 4 sites downstream from the other largest basins (49 to 66 square miles) in Johnson County.\r\n\r\nThe largest sediment yields in Johnson County were observed downstream from basins with increased construction activity. Sediment yields attributed to the largest (68 acre) active construction site in the study area were 9,300 tons per square mile in 2007 and 12,200 tons per square mile in 2008; 5 to 55 times larger than yields observed at other sampling sites. However, given erodible soils and steep slopes at this site, sediment yields were relatively small compared to the range in historic values from construction sites without erosion and sediment controls in the United States (2,300 to 140,000 tons per square mile). Downstream from this construction site, a sediment forebay and wetland were constructed in series upstream from Shawnee Mission Lake, a 120-acre reservoir within Shawnee Mission Park. Although the original intent of the sediment forebay and constructed wetland were unrelated to upstream construction, they were nonetheless evaluated in 2008 to characterize sediment removal before stream entry into the lake. The sediment forebay was estimated to reduce 33 percent of sediment transported to the lake, whereas the wetland did not appear to decrease downstream sediment transport. Comparisons of time-series data and relations between turbidity and sediment concentration indicate that larger silt-sized particles were deposited within the sediment forebay, whereas smaller silt and clay-sized sediments were transported through the wetland and into the lake. Data collected at sites up and downstream from the constructed wetland indicated that hydraulic retention alone did not substantially reduce sediment loading to Shawnee Mission Lake.\r\n\r\nMean-daily turbidity values at sampling sites downstream from basins with increased construction activity were compared to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency turbidity criteria designed to reduce discharge of pollutants from construction sites. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency numeric turbidity criteria specifies that effluent from construction sites greater than 20 acres not exceed a mean-daily turbidity value of 280 nephelometric turbidity units beginning in 2011; this criteria will apply to sites greater than 10 acres beginning in 2014. Although numeric criteria would not have been applicable to data from sampling sites in Johnson County because they were not directly downstream from construction sites and because individual states still have to determine additional details as to how this criteria will be enforced, comparisons were made to characterize the potential of construction site effluent in Johnson County to exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Criteria, even under extensive erosion and sediment controls. Numeric criteria were exceeded at sampling sites downstream from basins with increased construction activity for multiple days during the study period, potentially indicating the need for additional erosion and sediment controls and (or) treatment to bring discharges from construction sites into compliance with future numeric turbidity criteria.\r\n\r\nAmong sampling sites in the Mill Creek Basin, sediment yields from the urbanizing Clear Creek Basin were approximately 2 to 3 times those from older, more stable urban or rural basins. Sediments eroded from construction sites adjacent to or surrounding streams appear to be more readily transported downstream, whereas sediments eroded from construction sites in headwater areas are more likely to ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Johnson County Stormwater Management Program","usgsCitation":"Lee, C., and Ziegler, A., 2010, Effects of urbanization, construction activity, management practices, and impoundments on suspended-sediment transport in Johnson County, northeast Kansas, February 2006 through November 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5128, vii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105128.","productDescription":"vii, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-02-01","temporalEnd":"2008-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5128.jpg"},{"id":14049,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.08333333333333,38.733333333333334 ], [ -95.08333333333333,39.083333333333336 ], [ -94.58333333333333,39.083333333333336 ], [ -94.58333333333333,38.733333333333334 ], [ -95.08333333333333,38.733333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Casey J. 0000-0002-5753-2038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-2038","contributorId":31062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Casey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98647,"text":"pp1772 - 2010 - Groundwater-quality data and regional trends in the Virginia Coastal Plain, 1906-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"pp1772","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1772","title":"Groundwater-quality data and regional trends in the Virginia Coastal Plain, 1906-2007","docAbstract":"A newly developed regional perspective of the hydrogeology of the Virginia Coastal Plain incorporates updated information on groundwater quality in the area. Local-scale groundwater-quality information is provided by a comprehensive dataset compiled from multiple Federal and State agency databases. Groundwater-sample chemical-constituent values and related data are presented in tables, summaries, location maps, and discussions of data quality and limitations.\r\n\r\nSpatial trends in groundwater quality and related processes at the regional scale are determined from interpretive analyses of the sample data. Major ions that dominate the chemical composition of groundwater in the deep Piney Point, Aquia, and Potomac aquifers evolve eastward and with depth from (1) 'hard' water, dominated by calcium and magnesium cations and bicarbonate and carbonate anions, to (2) 'soft' water, dominated by sodium and potassium cations and bicarbonate and carbonate anions, and lastly to (3) 'salty' water, dominated by sodium and potassium cations and chloride anions. Chemical weathering of subsurface sediments is followed by ion exchange by clay and glauconite, and subsequently by mixing with seawater along the saltwater-transition zone. The chemical composition of groundwater in the shallower surficial and Yorktown-Eastover aquifers, and in basement bedrock along the Fall Zone, is more variable as a result of short flow paths between closely located recharge and discharge areas and possibly some solutes originating from human sources.\r\n\r\nThe saltwater-transition zone is generally broad and landward-dipping, based on groundwater chloride concentrations that increase eastward and with depth. The configuration is convoluted across the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, however, where it is warped and mounded along zones having vertically inverted chloride concentrations that decrease with depth. Fresh groundwater has flushed seawater from subsurface sediments preferentially around the impact crater as a result of broad contrasts between sediment permeabilities. Paths of differential flushing are also focused along the inverted zones, which follow stratigraphic and structural trends southeastward into North Carolina and northeastward beneath the chloride mound across the outer impact crater. Brine within the inner impact crater has probably remained unflushed. Regional movement of the saltwater-transition zone takes place over geologic time scales. Localized movement has been induced by groundwater withdrawal, mostly along shallow parts of the saltwater-transition zone. Short-term episodic withdrawals result in repeated cycles of upconing and downconing of saltwater, which are superimposed on longer-term lateral saltwater intrusion. Effective monitoring for saltwater intrusion needs to address multiple and complexly distributed areas of potential intrusion that vary over time.\r\n\r\nA broad belt of large groundwater fluoride concentrations underlies the city of Suffolk, and thins and tapers northward. Fluoride in groundwater probably originates by desorbtion from phosphatic sedimentary material. The high fluoride belt possibly was formed by initial adsorbtion of fluoride onto sediment oxyhydroxides, followed by desorbtion along the leading edge of the advancing saltwater-transition zone.\r\n\r\nLarge groundwater iron and manganese concentrations are most common to the west along the Fall Zone, across part of the saltwater-transition zone and eastward, and within shallow groundwater far to the east. Iron and manganese initially produced by mineral dissolution along the Fall Zone are adsorbed eastward and with depth by clay and glauconite, and subsequently desorbed along the leading edge of the advancing saltwater-transition zone. Iron and manganese in shallow groundwater far to the east are produced by reaction of sediment organic matter with oxyhydroxides.\r\n\r\nLarge groundwater nitrate and ammonium concentrations are mostly limited to shallow depths. Most nitrate a","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1772","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission","usgsCitation":"McFarland, R.E., 2010, Groundwater-quality data and regional trends in the Virginia Coastal Plain, 1906-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1772, vi, 86 p.; 14 Sheets - Plate 1: 30 x 30 inches, Plate 2: 42 x 30 inches, Plate 3: 20 x 30 inches, Plate 4: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 5: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 6: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 7: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 8: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 9: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 10: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 11: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 12: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 13: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 14: 28 x 30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1772.","productDescription":"vi, 86 p.; 14 Sheets - Plate 1: 30 x 30 inches, Plate 2: 42 x 30 inches, Plate 3: 20 x 30 inches, Plate 4: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 5: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 6: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 7: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 8: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 9: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 10: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 11: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 12: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 13: 28 x 30 inches, Plate 14: 28 x 30 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1906-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1772.jpg"},{"id":14050,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1772/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,36.5 ], [ -77.5,38.5 ], [ -75.16666666666667,38.5 ], [ -75.16666666666667,36.5 ], [ -77.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6587f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFarland, Randolph E.","contributorId":93879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}