A numerical three-dimensional (3D) transient groundwater flow model of the Death Valley region was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Department of Energy programs at the Nevada Test Site and at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Decades of study of aspects of the groundwater flow system and previous less extensive groundwater flow models were incorporated and reevaluated together with new data to provide greater detail for the complex, digital model.
A 3D digital hydrogeologic framework model (HFM) was developed from digital elevation models, geologic maps, borehole information, geologic and hydrogeologic cross sections, and other 3D models to represent the geometry of the hydrogeologic units (HGUs). Structural features, such as faults and fractures, that affect groundwater flow also were added. The HFM represents Precambrian and Paleozoic crystalline and sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic to Cenozoic intrusive rocks, Cenozoic volcanic tuffs and lavas, and late Cenozoic sedimentary deposits of the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system (DVRFS) region in 27 HGUs.
Information from a series of investigations was compiled to conceptualize and quantify hydrologic components of the groundwater flow system within the DVRFS model domain and to provide hydraulic-property and head-observation data used in the calibration of the transient-flow model. These studies reevaluated natural groundwater discharge occurring through evapotranspiration (ET) and spring flow; the history of groundwater pumping from 1913 through 1998; groundwater recharge simulated as net infiltration; model boundary inflows and outflows based on regional hydraulic gradients and water budgets of surrounding areas; hydraulic conductivity and its relation to depth; and water levels appropriate for regional simulation of prepumped and pumped conditions within the DVRFS model domain. Simulation results appropriate for the regional extent and scale of the model were provided by acquiring additional data, by reevaluating existing data using current technology and concepts, and by refining earlier interpretations to reflect the current understanding of the regional groundwater flow system.
Groundwater flow in the Death Valley region is composed of several interconnected, complex groundwater flow systems. Groundwater flow occurs in three subregions in relatively shallow and localized flow paths that are superimposed on deeper, regional flow paths. Regional groundwater flow is predominantly through a thick Paleozoic carbonate rock sequence affected by complex geologic structures from regional faulting and fracturing that can enhance or impede flow. Spring flow and ET are the dominant natural groundwater discharge processes. Groundwater also is withdrawn for agricultural, commercial, and domestic uses.
Groundwater flow in the DVRFS was simulated using MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey 3D finitedifference modular groundwater flow modeling code that incorporates a nonlinear least-squares regression technique to estimate aquifer parameters. The DVRFS model has 16 layers of defined thickness, a finite-difference grid consisting of 194 rows and 160 columns, and uniform cells 1,500 meters (m) on each side.
Prepumping conditions (before 1913) were used as the initial conditions for the transient-state calibration. The model uses annual stress periods with discrete recharge and discharge components. Recharge occurs mostly from infiltration of precipitation and runoff on high mountain ranges and from a small amount of underflow from adjacent basins. Discharge occurs primarily through ET and spring discharge (both simulated as drains) and water withdrawal by pumping and, to a lesser amount, by underflow to adjacent basins simulated by constant-head boundaries. All parameter values estimated by the regression are reasonable and within the range of expected values. The simulated hydraulic heads of the final calibrated transient model generally fit observed heads reasonably well (residuals with absolute values less than 10 meters) with two exceptions: in most areas of nearly flat hydraulic gradient the fit is considered moderate (residuals with absolute values of 10 to 20 meters), and in areas of steep hydraulic gradient along the Eleana Range and western part of Yucca Flat, southern part of the Owlshead Mountains, southern part of the Bullfrog Hills, and the north-northwestern part of the model domain (residuals with absolute values greater than 20 meters). Groundwater discharge residuals are fairly random, with as many areas where simulated flows are less than observed flows as areas where simulated flows are greater. The highest unweighted groundwater discharge residuals occur at Death Valley, Sarcobatus Flat (northeastern area), Tecopa, and early observations at Manse Spring in Pahrump Valley. High weighted-discharge residuals were computed in Indian Springs Valley and parts of Death Valley. Most of these inaccuracies in head and discharge can be attributed to insufficient representation of the hydrogeology in the HFM and(or) discharge estimates, misrepresentation of water levels, and(or) model error associated with grid-cell size.
The model represents the large and complex groundwater flow system of the Death Valley region at a greater degree of refinement and accuracy than has been possible previously. The representation of detail provided by the 3D digital hydrogeologic framework model and the numerical groundwater flow model enabled greater spatial accuracy in every model parameter. The lithostratigraphy and structural effects of the hydrogeologic framework; recharge estimates from simulated net infiltration; discharge estimates from ET, spring flow, and pumping; and boundary inflow and outflow estimates all were reevaluated, some additional data were collected, and accuracy was improved. Uncertainty in the results of the flow model simulations can be reduced by improving on the quality, interpretation, and representation of the water-level and discharge observations used to calibrate the model and improving on the representation of the HGU geometries, the spatial variability of HGU material properties, the flow model physical framework, and the hydrologic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1711","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office, under Interagency Agreement DE–AI52–01NV13944, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, under Interagency Agreement DE–AI28–02RW12167, and Department of the Interior, National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Belcher, W., D’Agnese, F.A., O’Brien, G.M., Sweetkind, D.S., San Juan, C.A., Laczniak, R.J., Potter, C.J., Putnam, H., Faunt, C., Blainey, J.B., Hill, M.C., Bedinger, M.S., and Harrill, J., 2010, Death Valley regional groundwater flow system, Nevada and California: Hydrogeologic framework and transient groundwater flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1711, Report: viii, 398 p.; 2 Plates: 35.44 x 48.91 inches and 28.00 x 42.00 inches; 2 Appendices; Geospatial Data Sets, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1711.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 398 p.; 2 Plates: 35.44 x 48.91 inches and 28.00 x 42.00 inches; 2 Appendices; Geospatial Data Sets","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424395,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93913.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14020,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1711/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1711.jpg"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":892280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bedinger, M. 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R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":98618,"text":"sir20105161 - 2010 - In-situ arsenic remediation in Carson Valley, Douglas County, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:19:18.178137","indexId":"sir20105161","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5161","title":"In-situ arsenic remediation in Carson Valley, Douglas County, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"Conventional arsenic remediation strategies primarily involve above-ground treatment that include costs involved in the disposal of sludge material. The primary advantages of in-situ remediation are that building and maintaining a large treatment facility are not necessary and that costs associated with the disposal of sludge are eliminated. A two-phase study was implemented to address the feasibility of in-situ arsenic remediation in Douglas County, Nevada.\r\n\r\nArsenic concentrations in groundwater within Douglas County range from 1 to 85 micrograms per liter. The primary arsenic species in groundwater at greater than 250 ft from land surface is arsenite; however, in the upper 150 ft of the aquifer arsenate predominates. Where arsenite is the primary form of arsenic, the oxidation of arsenite to arsenate is necessary. The results of the first phase of this investigation indicated that arsenic concentrations can be remediated to below the drinking-water standard using aeration, chlorination, iron, and pH adjustment. Arsenic concentrations were remediated to less than 10 micrograms per liter in groundwater from the shallow and deep aquifer when iron concentrations of 3-6 milligrams per liter and pH adjustments to less than 6 were used. Because of the rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen, the secondary drinking-water standards for iron (300 micrograms per liter) and manganese (100 micrograms per liter) were exceeded during treatment. Treatment was more effective in the shallow well as indicated by a greater recovery of water meeting the arsenic standard.\r\n\r\nLaboratory and field tests were included in the second phase of this study. Laboratory column experiments using aquifer material indicated the treatment process followed during the first phase of this study will continue to work, without exceeding secondary drinking-water standards, provided that groundwater was pre-aerated and an adequate number of pore volumes treated. During the 147-day laboratory experiment, no decrease in flow through the column was observed. The primary mechanism of arsenic removal is through coprecipitation with iron oxide.\r\n\r\nCalculations based on the results of the column experiments and assuming 10 and 30 percent porosity indicated that treatment of approximately 237,000-714,000 gallons of water would be required in order to remediate arsenic concentrations to less than 10 micrograms per liter. During the first second-phase field experiment, effective injection of treated groundwater back into the aquifer was prevented due to clogging likely caused by entrained gases and the fine texture (sand, clay, and gravel) of the aquifer sediments. Because of the overflow of treated water from the injection wells, only 3,760 gallons of treated water were injected. Immediately upon terminating this first experiment, no arsenic remediation was apparent. However, approximately 24 hours after terminating the experiment arsenic concentrations in groundwater collected from one of the injection wells showed a decrease from about 30 to 15 micrograms per liter, indicating that some remediation had taken place. In agreement with the laboratory-column experiments, pre-aeration prevented the exceedence of the secondary drinking-water standards for iron and manganese. Because of complications associated with system hydraulics, no additional experiments were performed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Carson Water Subconservancy District and Douglas County","usgsCitation":"Paul, A.P., Maurer, D.K., Stollenwerk, K.G., and Welch, A., 2010, In-situ arsenic remediation in Carson Valley, Douglas County, west-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5161, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105161.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14019,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.91666666666667,38.833333333333336 ], [ -119.91666666666667,39.083333333333336 ], [ -119.58333333333333,39.083333333333336 ], [ -119.58333333333333,38.833333333333336 ], [ -119.91666666666667,38.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e673f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, Angela P. 0000-0003-3909-1598 appaul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1598","contributorId":2305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Angela","email":"appaul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98617,"text":"dds069Y - 2010 - Oil shale and nahcolite resources of the Piceance Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T13:45:47.399863","indexId":"dds069Y","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"Y","title":"Oil shale and nahcolite resources of the Piceance Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"This report presents an in-place assessment of the oil shale and nahcolite resources of the Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin of western Colorado. The Piceance Basin is one of three large structural and sedimentary basins that contain vast amounts of oil shale resources in the Green River Formation of Eocene age. The other two basins, the Uinta Basin of eastern Utah and westernmost Colorado, and the Greater Green River Basin of southwest Wyoming, northwestern Colorado, and northeastern Utah also contain large resources of oil shale in the Green River Formation, and these two basins will be assessed separately.\n\nEstimated in-place oil is about 1.5 trillion barrels, based on Fischer a ssay results from boreholes drilled to evaluate oil shale, making it the largest oil shale deposit in the world. The estimated in-place nahcolite resource is about 43.3 billion short tons.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/dds069Y","collaboration":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Oil Shale Assessment Team, 2010, Oil shale and nahcolite resources of the Piceance Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, HTML Document: CD-ROM; 2 Databases, https://doi.org/10.3133/dds069Y.","productDescription":"HTML Document: CD-ROM; 2 Databases","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429252,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-y/REPORTS/69_Y_CH_3_SUP/Appendix/PiceanceBasinNahcoliteDatabase.zip","text":"Piceance Basin Nahcolite Database","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":429251,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-y/REPORTS/69_Y_CH_3_SUP/Appendix/PiceanceBasinOilShaleDatabase.zip","text":"Piceance Basin Oil Shale Database","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":191316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14016,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-y/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,38 ], [ -112,43.75 ], [ -106,43.75 ], [ -106,38 ], [ -112,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691d2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Oil Shale Assessment Team","contributorId":128035,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Oil Shale Assessment Team","id":535037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98616,"text":"ofr20101158 - 2010 - A sampling plan for riparian birds of the Lower Colorado River-Final Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20101158","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1158","title":"A sampling plan for riparian birds of the Lower Colorado River-Final Report","docAbstract":"A sampling plan was designed for the Bureau of Reclamation for selected riparian birds occurring along the Colorado River from Lake Mead to the southerly International Boundary with Mexico. The goals of the sampling plan were to estimate long-term trends in abundance and investigate habitat relationships especially in new habitat being created by the Bureau of Reclamation. The initial objective was to design a plan for the Gila Woodpecker (Melanerpes uropygialis), Arizona Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii arizonae), Sonoran Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia sonorana), Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra), Gilded Flicker (Colaptes chrysoides), and Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus); however, too little data were obtained for the last two species. Recommendations were therefore based on results for the first four species. The study area was partitioned into plots of 7 to 23 hectares.\r\n\r\nPlot borders were drawn to place the best habitat for the focal species in the smallest number of plots so that survey efforts could be concentrated on these habitats. Double sampling was used in the survey. In this design, a large sample of plots is surveyed a single time, yielding estimates of unknown accuracy, and a subsample is surveyed intensively to obtain accurate estimates. The subsample is used to estimate detection ratios, which are then applied to the results from the extensive survey to obtain unbiased estimates of density and population size. These estimates are then used to estimate long-term trends in abundance. Four sampling plans for selecting plots were evaluated based on a simulation using data from the Breeding Bird Survey. The design with the highest power involved selecting new plots every year. Power with 80 plots surveyed per year was more than 80 percent for three of the four species. Results from the surveys were used to provide recommendations to the Bureau of Reclamation for their surveys of new habitat being created in the study area. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101158","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Dunn, L., and Leist, A., 2010, A sampling plan for riparian birds of the Lower Colorado River-Final Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1158, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101158.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1158.jpg"},{"id":14015,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,32 ], [ -118,37 ], [ -111.5,37 ], [ -111.5,32 ], [ -118,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b18e4b07f02db6a70bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunn, Leah","contributorId":39470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"Leah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leist, Amy","contributorId":60725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leist","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98613,"text":"sir20105143 - 2010 - Modeled and measured glacier change and related glaciological, hydrological, and meteorological conditions at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, balance and water years 2006 and 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105143","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5143","title":"Modeled and measured glacier change and related glaciological, hydrological, and meteorological conditions at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, balance and water years 2006 and 2007","docAbstract":"Winter snow accumulation and summer snow and ice ablation were measured at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, to estimate glacier mass balance quantities for balance years 2006 and 2007. Mass balances were computed with assistance from a new model that was based on the works of other glacier researchers. The model, which was developed for mass balance practitioners, coupled selected meteorological and glaciological data to systematically estimate daily mass balance at selected glacier sites. \r\n\r\nThe North Cascade Range in the vicinity of South Cascade Glacier accumulated approximately average to above average winter snow packs during 2006 and 2007. Correspondingly, the balance years 2006 and 2007 maximum winter snow mass balances of South Cascade Glacier, 2.61 and 3.41 meters water equivalent, respectively, were approximately equal to or more positive (larger) than the average of such balances since 1959. The 2006 glacier summer balance, -4.20 meters water equivalent, was among the four most negative since 1959. The 2007 glacier summer balance, -3.63 meters water equivalent, was among the 14 most negative since 1959. The glacier continued to lose mass during 2006 and 2007, as it commonly has since 1953, but the loss was much smaller during 2007 than during 2006. The 2006 glacier net balance, -1.59 meters water equivalent, was 1.02 meters water equivalent more negative (smaller) than the average during 1953-2005. The 2007 glacier net balance, -0.22 meters water equivalent, was 0.37 meters water equivalent less negative (larger) than the average during 1953-2006. The 2006 accumulation area ratio was less than 0.10, owing to isolated patches of accumulated snow that endured the 2006 summer season. The 2006 equilibrium line altitude was higher than the glacier. The 2007 accumulation area ratio and equilibrium line altitude were 0.60 and 1,880 meters, respectively. \r\n\r\nAccompanying the glacier mass losses were retreat of the terminus and reduction of total glacier area. The terminus retreated at a rate of about 13 meters per year during balance year 2006 and at a rate of about 8 meters per year during balance year 2007. Glacier area near the end of balance years 2006 and 2007 was 1.74 and 1.73 square kilometers, respectively. \r\n\r\nRunoff from the basin containing the glacier and from an adjacent nonglacierized basin was gaged during all or parts of water years 2006 and 2007. Air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, and incoming solar radiation were measured at selected locations on and near the glacier. Air-temperature over the glacier at a height of 2 meters generally was less than at the same altitude in the air mass away from the glacier. Cooling of the air by the glacier increased systematically with increasing ambient air temperature. Empirically based equations were developed to estimate 2-meter-height air temperature over the glacier at five sites from site altitude and temperature at a non-glacier reference site.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105143","usgsCitation":"Bidlake, W.R., Josberger, E.G., and Savoca, M.E., 2010, Modeled and measured glacier change and related glaciological, hydrological, and meteorological conditions at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, balance and water years 2006 and 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5143, x, 82 p.; CD Data Files , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105143.","productDescription":"x, 82 p.; CD Data Files ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5143.jpg"},{"id":14012,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.4675,48 ], [ -122.4675,49 ], [ -119.66666666666667,49 ], [ -119.66666666666667,48 ], [ -122.4675,48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bidlake, William R. wbidlake@usgs.gov","contributorId":1712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidlake","given":"William","email":"wbidlake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Josberger, Edward G. ejosberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":1710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"Edward","email":"ejosberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savoca, Mark E. mesavoca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoca","given":"Mark","email":"mesavoca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98611,"text":"ofr20081351 - 2010 - USGS cold-water coral geographic database-Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic Ocean, version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T18:58:01","indexId":"ofr20081351","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1351","title":"USGS cold-water coral geographic database-Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic Ocean, version 1.0","docAbstract":"The USGS Cold-Water Coral Geographic Database (CoWCoG) provides a tool for researchers and managers interested in studying, protecting, and/or utilizing cold-water coral habitats in the Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic Ocean. The database makes information about the locations and taxonomy of cold-water corals available to the public in an easy-to-access form while preserving the scientific integrity of the data. The database includes over 1700 entries, mostly from published scientific literature, museum collections, and other databases. The CoWCoG database is easy to search in a variety of ways, and data can be quickly displayed in table form and on a map by using only the software included with this publication. Subsets of the database can be selected on the basis of geographic location, taxonomy, or other criteria and exported to one of several available file formats. Future versions of the database are being planned to cover a larger geographic area and additional taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081351","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, K.M., Waller, R., Sirotek, A.R., Knisel, J.M., O’Malley, J., and Alesandrini, S., 2010, USGS cold-water coral geographic database-Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic Ocean, version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1351, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081351.","productDescription":"HTML document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14010,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1351/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2008_1351.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610ef7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waller, Rhian G.","contributorId":52081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Rhian G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sirotek, Alexander R.","contributorId":41705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sirotek","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knisel, Julia M.","contributorId":20630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knisel","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Malley, John jomalley@usgs.gov","contributorId":4913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Malley","given":"John","email":"jomalley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alesandrini, Stian","contributorId":33590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alesandrini","given":"Stian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98610,"text":"ofr20101181 - 2010 - Kittlitz’s and Marbled Murrelets in Kenai Fjords National Park, south-central Alaska: At-sea distribution, abundance, and foraging habitat, 2006–08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:27:27","indexId":"ofr20101181","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1181","title":"Kittlitz’s and Marbled Murrelets in Kenai Fjords National Park, south-central Alaska: At-sea distribution, abundance, and foraging habitat, 2006–08","docAbstract":"Kittlitz’s murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) and marbled murrelets (B. marmoratus) are small diving seabirds and are of management concern because of population declines in coastal Alaska. In 2006–08, we conducted a study in Kenai Fjords National Park, south-central Alaska, to estimate the recent population size of Brachyramphus murrelets, to evaluate productivity based on juvenile to adult ratios during the fledgling season, and to describe and compare their use of marine habitat. We also attempted a telemetry study to examine Kittlitz’s murrelet nesting habitat requirements and at-sea movements. We estimated that the Kittlitz’s murrelet population was 671 ± 144 birds, and the marbled murrelet population was 5,855 ± 1,163 birds. Kittlitz’s murrelets were limited to the heads of three fjords with tidewater glaciers, whereas marbled murrelets were more widely distributed. Population estimates for both species were lower in 2007 than in 2006 and 2008, possibly because of anomalous oceanographic conditions that may have delayed breeding phenology. During late season surveys, we observed few hatch-year marbled murrelets and only a single hatch-year Kittlitz’s murrelet over the course of the study. Using radio telemetry, we found a likely Kittlitz’s murrelet breeding site on a mountainside bordering one of the fjords. We never observed radio-tagged Kittlitz’s murrelets greater than 10 kilometer from their capture sites, suggesting that their foraging range during breeding is narrow. We observed differences in oceanography between fjords, reflecting differences in sill characteristics and orientation relative to oceanic influence. Acoustic biomass, a proxy for zooplankton and small schooling fish, generally decreased with distance from glaciers in Northwestern Lagoon, but was more variable in Aialik Bay where dense forage fish schools moved into glacial areas late in the summer. Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), capelin (Mallotus villosus) and Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) were important forage species for murrelets in Kenai Fjords. Euphausiids also may have been an important forage resource for Kittlitz’s murrelets in turbid glacial outflows in shallow waters during daytime. Marbled murrelets generally were more tolerant to a wider range of foraging habitat conditions although they tended to avoid the ice-covered silty waters close to glaciers. In contrast, Kittlitz’s murrelets preferred areas where the influence of tidewater glaciers was the greatest and where their distribution was determined largely by prey availability. This work highlights an important link between interannual variability in murrelet counts at sea and mesoscale oceanographic conditions that influence marine productivity and prey distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101181","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Romano, M.D., Madison, E., and Conaway, J.S., 2010, Kittlitz’s and Marbled Murrelets in Kenai Fjords National Park, south-central Alaska: At-sea distribution, abundance, and foraging habitat, 2006–08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1181, viii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101181.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1181.jpg"},{"id":14009,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":353644,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1181/pdf/ofr20101181.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -151.33333333333334,59 ], [ -151.33333333333334,60 ], [ -149.33333333333334,60 ], [ -149.33333333333334,59 ], [ -151.33333333333334,59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b14ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madison, E.N.","contributorId":44641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conaway, Jeffrey S. 0000-0002-3036-592X jconaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-592X","contributorId":2026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jconaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98615,"text":"ofr20101154 - 2010 - Summary and statistical analysis of precipitation and groundwater data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:08:38","indexId":"ofr20101154","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1154","title":"Summary and statistical analysis of precipitation and groundwater data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2008","docAbstract":"Groundwater conditions in Brunswick County, North Carolina, have been monitored continuously since 2000 through the operation and maintenance of groundwater-level observation wells in the surficial, Castle Hayne, and Peedee aquifers of the North Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system. Groundwater-resource conditions for the Brunswick County area were evaluated by relating the normal range (25th to 75th percentile) monthly mean groundwater-level and precipitation data for water years 2001 to 2008 to median monthly mean groundwater levels and monthly sum of daily precipitation for water year 2008. Summaries of precipitation and groundwater conditions for the Brunswick County area and hydrographs and statistics of continuous groundwater levels collected during the 2008 water year are presented in this report. Groundwater levels varied by aquifer and geographic location within Brunswick County, but were influenced by drought conditions and groundwater withdrawals. Water levels were normal in two of the eight observation wells and below normal in the remaining six wells. Seasonal Kendall trend analysis performed on more than 9 years of monthly mean groundwater-level data collected in an observation well located within the Brunswick County well field indicated there is a strong downward trend, with water levels declining at a rate of about 2.2 feet per year. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Brunswick County, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"McSwain, K., and Strickland, A., 2010, Summary and statistical analysis of precipitation and groundwater data for Brunswick County, North Carolina, Water Year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1154, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101154.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1154.jpg"},{"id":14014,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Brunswick County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79,33.75 ], [ -79,34.5 ], [ -77.75,34.5 ], [ -77.75,33.75 ], [ -79,33.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698bc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McSwain, Kristen Bukowski","contributorId":104458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSwain","given":"Kristen Bukowski","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strickland, A.G.","contributorId":99959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98614,"text":"ofr20101147 - 2010 - Stream-sediment samples reanalyzed for major, rare earth, and trace elements from ten 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, south-central Alaska, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:25:47","indexId":"ofr20101147","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1147","title":"Stream-sediment samples reanalyzed for major, rare earth, and trace elements from ten 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, south-central Alaska, 2007-08","docAbstract":"During the 1960s through the 1980s, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted reconnaissance geochemical surveys of the drainage basins throughout most of the Anchorage, Bering Glacier, Big Delta, Gulkana, Healy, McCarthy, Mount Hayes, Nabesna, Talkeetna Mountains, and Valdez 1:250,000-scale quadrangles in Alaska as part of the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP). These geochemical surveys provide data necessary to assess the potential for undiscovered mineral resources on public and other lands, and provide data that may be used to determine regional-scale element baselines. This report provides new data for 366 of the previously collected stream-sediment samples. These samples were selected for reanalysis because recently developed analytical methods can detect additional elements of interest and have lower detection limits than the methods used when these samples were originally analyzed. These samples were all analyzed for arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS), for gold, palladium, and platinum by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after lead button fire assay separation (FA/ICP-MS), and for a suite of 55 major, rare earth, and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-AES-MS) after sodium peroxide sinter at 450 degrees Celsius. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101147","usgsCitation":"Bailey, E.A., Shew, N.B., Labay, K., Schmidt, J.M., O’Leary, R.M., and Detra, D.E., 2010, Stream-sediment samples reanalyzed for major, rare earth, and trace elements from ten 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, south-central Alaska, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1147, iv, 6 p.; XLS Table; Metadata; Location map of stream sediment samples, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101147.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.; XLS Table; Metadata; Location map of stream sediment samples","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14013,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1147/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers equal-area conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.5,60.5 ], [ -150.5,64.5 ], [ -141,64.5 ], [ -141,60.5 ], [ -150.5,60.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a502e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":104005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Leary, Richard M.","contributorId":19936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Detra, David E.","contributorId":17342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98612,"text":"ofr20105123 - 2010 - Steady-state and transient models of groundwater flow and advective transport, Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"ofr20105123","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5123","title":"Steady-state and transient models of groundwater flow and advective transport, Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity, Idaho","docAbstract":"Three-dimensional steady-state and transient models of groundwater flow and advective transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy. The steady-state and transient flow models cover an area of 1,940 square miles that includes most of the 890 square miles of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). A 50-year history of waste disposal at the INL has resulted in measurable concentrations of waste contaminants in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Model results can be used in numerical simulations to evaluate the movement of contaminants in the aquifer.\r\n\r\nSaturated flow in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer was simulated using the MODFLOW-2000 groundwater flow model. Steady-state flow was simulated to represent conditions in 1980 with average streamflow infiltration from 1966-80 for the Big Lost River, the major variable inflow to the system. The transient flow model simulates groundwater flow between 1980 and 1995, a period that included a 5-year wet cycle (1982-86) followed by an 8-year dry cycle (1987-94). Specified flows into or out of the active model grid define the conditions on all boundaries except the southwest (outflow) boundary, which is simulated with head-dependent flow. In the transient flow model, streamflow infiltration was the major stress, and was variable in time and location. The models were calibrated by adjusting aquifer hydraulic properties to match simulated and observed heads or head differences using the parameter-estimation program incorporated in MODFLOW-2000. Various summary, regression, and inferential statistics, in addition to comparisons of model properties and simulated head to measured properties and head, were used to evaluate the model calibration. \r\n\r\nModel parameters estimated for the steady-state calibration included hydraulic conductivity for seven of nine hydrogeologic zones and a global value of vertical anisotropy. Parameters estimated for the transient calibration included specific yield for five of the seven hydrogeologic zones. The zones represent five rock units and parts of four rock units with abundant interbedded sediment. All estimates of hydraulic conductivity were nearly within 2 orders of magnitude of the maximum expected value in a range that exceeds 6 orders of magnitude. The estimate of vertical anisotropy was larger than the maximum expected value. All estimates of specific yield and their confidence intervals were within the ranges of values expected for aquifers, the range of values for porosity of basalt, and other estimates of specific yield for basalt. \r\n\r\nThe steady-state model reasonably simulated the observed water-table altitude, orientation, and gradients. Simulation of transient flow conditions accurately reproduced observed changes in the flow system resulting from episodic infiltration from the Big Lost River and facilitated understanding and visualization of the relative importance of historical differences in infiltration in time and space. As described in a conceptual model, the numerical model simulations demonstrate flow that is (1) dominantly horizontal through interflow zones in basalt and vertical anisotropy resulting from contrasts in hydraulic conductivity of various types of basalt and the interbedded sediments, (2) temporally variable due to streamflow infiltration from the Big Lost River, and (3) moving downward downgradient of the INL.\r\n\r\nThe numerical models were reparameterized, recalibrated, and analyzed to evaluate alternative conceptualizations or implementations of the conceptual model. The analysis of the reparameterized models revealed that little improvement in the model could come from alternative descriptions of sediment content, simulated aquifer thickness, streamflow infiltration, and vertical head distribution on the downgradient boundary. Of the alternative estimates of flow to or from the aquifer, only a 20 percent decrease in ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20105123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy DOE/ID-22209","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, D.J., Rousseau, J.P., Rattray, G.W., and Fisher, J.C., 2010, Steady-state and transient models of groundwater flow and advective transport, Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-5123, xii, 220 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20105123.","productDescription":"xii, 220 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14011,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,43 ], [ -114,44.5 ], [ -112,44.5 ], [ -112,43 ], [ -114,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Daniel J.","contributorId":9286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rousseau, Joseph P.","contributorId":22030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rousseau","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Jason C. 0000-0001-9032-8912 jfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-8912","contributorId":2523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jason","email":"jfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98606,"text":"sir20105007 - 2010 - Effects of selected low-impact-development (LID) techniques on water quality and quantity in the Ipswich River Basin, Massachusetts: Field and modeling studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T20:04:10.201404","indexId":"sir20105007","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5007","title":"Effects of selected low-impact-development (LID) techniques on water quality and quantity in the Ipswich River Basin, Massachusetts: Field and modeling studies","docAbstract":"During the months of August and September, flows in the Ipswich River, Massachusetts, dramatically decrease largely due to groundwater withdrawals needed to meet increased residential and commercial water demands. In the summer, rates of groundwater recharge are lower than during the rest of the year, and water demands are higher. From 2005 to 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in a cooperative funding agreement with the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, monitored small-scale installations of low-impact-development (LID) enhancements designed to diminish the effects of storm runoff on the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater. Funding for the studies also was contributed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Targeted Watersheds Grant Program through a financial assistance agreement with Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. The monitoring studies examined the effects of (1) replacing an impervious parking lot surface with a porous surface on groundwater quality, (2) installing rain gardens and porous pavement in a neighborhood of 3 acres on the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff, and (3) installing a 3,000-square foot (ft2) green roof on the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff. In addition, the effects of broad-scale implementation of LID techniques, reduced water withdrawals, and water-conservation measures on streamflow in large areas of the basin were simulated using the U.S. Geological Survey’s Ipswich River Basin model.
From June 2005 to 2007, groundwater quality was monitored at the Silver Lake town beach parking lot in Wilmington, MA, prior to and following the replacement of the conventional, impervious-asphalt surface with a porous surface consisting primarily of porous asphalt and porous pavers. Changes in the concentrations of the water-quality constituents, phosphorus, nitrogen, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and total petroleum hydrocarbons, were monitored. Increased infiltration of precipitation did not result in discernible increases in concentrations of these potential groundwater contaminants. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen increased slightly in groundwater profiles following the removal of the impervious asphalt parking lot surface.
In Wilmington, MA, in a 3-acre neighborhood, stormwater runoff volume and quality were monitored to determine the ability of selected LID enhancements (rain gardens and porous paving stones) to reduce flows and loads of the above constituents to Silver Lake. Flow-proportional water-quality samples were analyzed for nutrients, metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and total-coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria. In general, when all storms were considered, no substantial decreases were observed in runoff volume as a result of installing LID enhancements. However, the relation between rainfall and runoff did provide some insight into how the LID enhancements affected the effective impervious area for the neighborhood. A decrease in runoff was observed for storms of 0.2 inches (in.) or less of precipitation, which indicated a reduction in effective impervious area from approximately 10 percent to about 4.5 percent for the 3-acre area. Water-quality-monitoring results were inconclusive; there were no statistically significant differences in concentrations or loads when the pre- and post-installation-period samples were compared. Three factors were probably most important in minimizing differences: (1) the small decrease in effective impervious area, (2) the differences in the size of storms sampled for water-quality constituents before and after installation of the infiltration enhancing measures, and (3) small sample sizes.
In a third field study, the characteristics of runoff from a vegetated “green” roof and a conventional, rubber-membrane roof were compared. The amount of precipitation and the length of the antecedent dry period were the two primary factors affecting the green roof’s water-storage capacity. The green roof retained more than 50 percent of the precipitation from storms with 0.04 to 1.0 in. of rain. Approximately 95 percent of the precipitation from one storm of nearly 2 in. was retained by the green roof. On the rubber-membrane roof, only a small, shallow puddle of insubstantial volume ever remained after a storm. Bulk precipitation from 10 storms was monitored for the same constituents (nutrients, metals, and total petroleum hydrocarbons) as the roof runoff, and the results were compared with those for roof-runoff samples. The use of fertilizers to help establish the vegetation during the study probably distorted any effect the plants and growing medium may have had on the retention of target analytes. As a result of the fertilizer and growing medium chemistry, median concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, cadmium, copper, and nickel in runoff from the green roof were greater than in the runoff from the conventional roof or in bulk precipitation. Concentrations of lead and zinc were greater in runoff from the conventional roof, probably a result of passage through the old, metal drainpipes.
Simulations of the effects of LID on streamflow in the Ipswich River Basin were conducted with a previously calibrated Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) precipitation-runoff model. Simulations were conducted at multiple spatial scales to evaluate the effects of (1) updated water withdrawals for the towns of Reading and Wilmington; (2) potential land-use changes at buildout (potential future development); (3) effective impervious area reductions upstream from the South Middleton streamgage to represent the effects of widespread implementation of LID retrofit techniques; (4) basin-scale water withdrawal reductions scaled up (expanded to the town level) from water-conservation pilot programs conducted by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation; and (5) land-use change and LID techniques at a local scale, which is smaller than the HSPF subbasin. Effects on streamflow generally were evaluated by comparing results of two or more related simulations for selected reaches in the basin; thus, relative rather than absolute changes in simulated flow were the focus of the assessment. Simulations indicated that reduced withdrawals for the towns of Reading and Wilmington led to substantially higher medium and low flows in most of the reaches upstream from the South Middleton streamgage. Simulations of water-conservation measures resulted in negligible effects on streamflow.
Overall, simulations indicated that spatial scale is an important factor in determining the effects of land-use change and LID practices on streamflow. Potential land-use changes at buildout had modest (percent differences of less than 20 percent) effects on streamflow in most subbasins because relatively little land in the basin was available for development (about 17 percent); moreover, most of the available open land is zoned for low-density residential development, and this land-use category was simulated to contain relatively little effective impervious area and to be similar hydrologically to the forested land in place prior to development. Results of the simulations conducted to evaluate widespread effective impervious area reductions upstream from the South Middleton streamgage indicated that the percentage of urban land use and associated effective impervious area was too small for a 50-percent reduction of effective impervious area to appreciably affect streamflow (percent differences of less than 20 percent) in most subbasins. In contrast, the results of the hypothetical local-scale simulations indicated that for smaller streams, where the percentage of urban land use and associated effective impervious area in the drainage area may be substantially higher, land-use change, development patterns, and LID practices potentially have much greater effects on streamflow.
Modeling results also indicated that LID was potentially most beneficial for minimizing streamflow alteration when applied to dense urban development, largely because larger tracts of effective impervious area were available for reduction than were available for other land-use categories. For example, commercial-industrial-transportation land use is composed of 37 percent pervious area and 63 percent effective impervious area in the HSPF model, whereas low-density residential area is composed of 97.5 percent pervious area and only 2.5 percent effective impervious area.
Field and modeling studies concurred in the assessment that LID enhancements would likely have the greatest effect on decreasing stormwater runoff when broadly applied to highly impervious urban areas. A measurable effect for small rainfall events (less than 0.25 inch) was determined in the small, highly pervious area that was monitored in this study, but the volume difference was not great.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the\r\nMassachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, M.J., Barbaro, J.R., Sorenson, J.R., and Waldron, M.C., 2010, Effects of selected low-impact-development (LID) techniques on water quality and quantity in the Ipswich River Basin, Massachusetts: Field and modeling studies: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5007, xiv, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105007.","productDescription":"xiv, 110 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5007.jpg"},{"id":14005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":428017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93891.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.23333333333333,42.766666666666666 ], [ -71.23333333333333,42.450833333333335 ], [ -70.75,42.450833333333335 ], [ -70.75,42.766666666666666 ], [ -71.23333333333333,42.766666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Marc J. mzimmerm@usgs.gov","contributorId":3245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Marc","email":"mzimmerm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorenson, Jason R. 0000-0001-5553-8594 jsorenso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-8594","contributorId":3468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Jason","email":"jsorenso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98609,"text":"tm6A31 - 2010 - SWB: A modified Thornthwaite-Mather Soil-Water-Balance code for estimating groundwater recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:01:03.521914","indexId":"tm6A31","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A31","title":"SWB: A modified Thornthwaite-Mather Soil-Water-Balance code for estimating groundwater recharge","docAbstract":"A Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) computer code has been developed to calculate spatial and temporal variations in groundwater recharge. The SWB model calculates recharge by use of commonly available geographic information system (GIS) data layers in combination with tabular climatological data. The code is based on a modified Thornthwaite-Mather soil-water-balance approach, with components of the soil-water balance calculated at a daily timestep. Recharge calculations are made on a rectangular grid of computational elements that may be easily imported into a regional groundwater-flow model. Recharge estimates calculated by the code may be output as daily, monthly, or annual values.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A31","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Westenbroek, S.M., Kelson, V.A., Dripps, W.R., Hunt, R.J., and Bradbury, K.R., 2010, SWB: A modified Thornthwaite-Mather Soil-Water-Balance code for estimating groundwater recharge: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A31, viii, 59 p.; Software Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A31.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p.; Software Download","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a31.jpg"},{"id":14008,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6-a31/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410508,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93892.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.58784321609798,\n 45.7171256104659\n ],\n [\n -89.58784321609798,\n 41.9\n ],\n [\n -85.13065152857342,\n 41.9\n ],\n [\n -85.13065152857342,\n 45.7171256104659\n ],\n [\n -89.58784321609798,\n 45.7171256104659\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe087","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westenbroek, S. M.","contributorId":37449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelson, V. A.","contributorId":59911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dripps, W. R.","contributorId":27978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dripps","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradbury, K. R.","contributorId":86070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98605,"text":"sir20105121 - 2010 - Environmental baseline study of the Huron River Watershed, Baraga and Marquette Counties, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"sir20105121","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5121","title":"Environmental baseline study of the Huron River Watershed, Baraga and Marquette Counties, Michigan","docAbstract":"This report summarizes results of a study to establish water-quality and geochemical baseline conditions within a small watershed in the Lake Superior region. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a survey of water-quality parameters and soil and streambed sediment geochemistry of the 83 mi2 Huron River Watershed in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Streamflow was measured and water-quality samples collected at a range of flow conditions from six sites on the major tributaries of the Huron River. All water samples were analyzed for a suite of common ions, nutrients, and trace metals. In addition, water samples from each site were analyzed for unfiltered total and methylmercury once during summer low-flow conditions. Soil samples were collected from 31 sites, with up to 4 separate samples collected at each site, delineated by soil horizon. Streambed sediments were collected from 11 sites selected to cover most of the area drained by the Huron River system. USGS data were supplemented with ecological assessments completed in 2006 by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality using a modified version of their Great Lakes Environmental Assessment Section procedure 51, and again during 2008 using volunteers under supervision of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources.\r\n\r\nResults from this study define a hydrological, geological, and environmental baseline for the Huron River Watershed prior to any significant mineral exploration or development. Results from the project also serve to refine the design of future regional environmental baseline studies in the Lake Superior Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105121","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Weaver, T.L., and Cannon, W.F., 2010, Environmental baseline study of the Huron River Watershed, Baraga and Marquette Counties, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5121, vi, 29 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105121.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":244,"text":"Eastern Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5121.jpg"},{"id":14004,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.23333333333333,46.7 ], [ -88.23333333333333,46.916666666666664 ], [ -87.91666666666667,46.916666666666664 ], [ -87.91666666666667,46.7 ], [ -88.23333333333333,46.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, Thomas L. tlweaver@usgs.gov","contributorId":2392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Thomas","email":"tlweaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98608,"text":"pp1776A - 2010 - Reconnaissance study of the Taylor Mountains pluton, southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:56","indexId":"pp1776A","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1776","chapter":"A","title":"Reconnaissance study of the Taylor Mountains pluton, southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Taylor Mountains pluton is a Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary (median age 65 + or ? 2 Ma) epizonal, composite biotite granite stock located about 235 km (145 mi) northeast of Dillingham in southwestern Alaska. This 30 km2 (12 mi2) pluton has sharp and discordant contacts with hornfels that developed in Upper Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rocks of the Kuskokwim Group. The three intrusive phases in the Taylor Mountains pluton, in order of emplacement, are (1) porphyritic granite containing large K-feldspar phenocrysts in a coarse-grained groundmass, (2) porphyritic granite containing large K-feldspar and smaller, but still coarse, plagioclase, quartz, and biotite phenocrysts in a fine-grained groundmass, and (3) fine-grained, leucocratic, equigranular granite. The porphyritic granites have different emplacement histories, but similar compositions; averages are 69.43 percent SiO2, 1.62 percent CaO, 5.23 percent FeO+MgO, 3.11 percent Na2O, and 4.50 percent K2O. The fine-grained, equigranular granite is distinctly felsic compared to porphyritic granite; it averages 75.3 percent SiO2, 0.49 percent CaO, 1.52 percent FeO+MgO, 3.31 percent Na2O, and 4.87 percent K2O. Many trace elements including Ni, Cr, Sc, V, Ba, Sr, Zr, Y, Nb, La, Ce, Th, and Nd are strongly depleted in fine-grained equigranular granite. Trace elements are not highly enriched in any of the granites. Known hydrothermal alteration is limited to one tourmaline-quartz replacement zone in porphyritic granite. Mineral deposits in the Taylor Mountains area are primarily placer gold (plus wolframite, cassiterite, and cinnabar); sources for these likely include scattered veins in hornfels peripheral to the Taylor Mountain pluton. The granite magmas that formed the Taylor Mountains pluton are thought to represent melted continental crust that possibly formed in response to high heat flow in the waning stage of Late Cretaceous subduction beneath interior Alaska. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1776A","collaboration":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008?2009","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T.L., Miller, M.L., Klimasauskas, E.P., and Layer, P.W., 2010, Reconnaissance study of the Taylor Mountains pluton, southwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1776, iv, 12 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1776A.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1776_a.jpg"},{"id":14007,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1776/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159,60 ], [ -159,61 ], [ -156,61 ], [ -156,60 ], [ -159,60 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63542c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Travis L.","contributorId":28288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klimasauskas, Edward P.","contributorId":80366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimasauskas","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Layer, Paul W.","contributorId":59483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98607,"text":"pp1776 - 2010 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":99209,"text":"pp1776B - 2011 - The Cannery Formation: Devonian to Early Permian arc-marginal deposits within the Alexander Terrane, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"pp1776B","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"The Cannery Formation: Devonian to Early Permian arc-marginal deposits within the Alexander Terrane, southeastern Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98607,"text":"pp1776 - 2010 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009","indexId":"pp1776","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70004842,"text":"pp1776C - 2011 - Depositional setting and geochemistry of phosphorites and metalliferous black shales in the Carboniferous-Permian Lisburne Group, Northern Alaska","indexId":"pp1776C","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Depositional setting and geochemistry of phosphorites and metalliferous black shales in the Carboniferous-Permian Lisburne Group, Northern Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98607,"text":"pp1776 - 2010 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009","indexId":"pp1776","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70094503,"text":"pp1776E - 2014 - Geochronology of plutonic rocks and their tectonic terranes in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, southeast Alaska","indexId":"pp1776E","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Geochronology of plutonic rocks and their tectonic terranes in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, southeast Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98607,"text":"pp1776 - 2010 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009","indexId":"pp1776","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:09:54","indexId":"pp1776","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1776","title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"The collection of papers that follow continues the series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigative reports in Alaska under the broad umbrella of the geologic sciences. This series represents new and sometimes-preliminary findings that are of interest to Earth scientists in academia, government, and industry; to land and resource managers; and to the general public. The reports presented in Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska cover a broad spectrum of topics from various parts of the State, serving to emphasize the diversity of USGS efforts to meet the Nation's needs for Earth-science information in Alaska. This professional paper is one of a series of 'online only' versions of Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, reflecting the current trend toward disseminating research results on the World Wide Web with rapid posting of completed reports. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1776","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Galloway, J., 2010, Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1776, Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1776.","productDescription":"Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/PP_1776.jpg"},{"id":14006,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1776/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -179.9,54.5 ], [ -179.9,71.5 ], [ -130,71.5 ], [ -130,54.5 ], [ -179.9,54.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ad2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, John","contributorId":47038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98604,"text":"ds518 - 2010 - Chloride concentrations and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in surface water and groundwater in and near Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2005-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"ds518","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"518","title":"Chloride concentrations and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in surface water and groundwater in and near Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2005-06","docAbstract":"Fish Creek, an approximately 25-kilometer long tributary to the Snake River, is located in Teton County in western Wyoming near the town of Wilson. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Teton Conservation District, conducted a study to determine the interaction of local surface water and groundwater in and near Fish Creek. In conjunction with the surface water and groundwater interaction study, samples were collected for analysis of chloride and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water.\r\n\r\nChloride concentrations ranged from 2.9 to 26.4 milligrams per liter (mg/L) near Teton Village, 1.2 to 4.9 mg/L near Resor's Bridge, and 1.8 to 5.0 mg/L near Wilson. Stable isotope data for hydrogen and oxygen in water samples collected in and near the three cross sections on Fish Creek are shown in relation to the Global Meteoric Water Line and the Local Meteoric Water Line.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds518","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Teton Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., and Wheeler, J.D., 2010, Chloride concentrations and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in surface water and groundwater in and near Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2005-06: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 518, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds518.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_518.jpg"},{"id":14003,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/518/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.05,43.416666666666664 ], [ -111.05,43.884166666666665 ], [ -110.43333333333334,43.884166666666665 ], [ -110.43333333333334,43.416666666666664 ], [ -111.05,43.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e26f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wheeler, Jerrod D. 0000-0002-0533-8700 jwheele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-8700","contributorId":1893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Jerrod","email":"jwheele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98602,"text":"sir20105153 - 2010 - Thermal effects of dams in the Willamette River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20105153","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5153","title":"Thermal effects of dams in the Willamette River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Methods were developed to assess the effects of dams on streamflow and water temperature in the Willamette River and its major tributaries. These methods were used to estimate the flows and temperatures that would occur at 14 dam sites in the absence of upstream dams, and river models were applied to simulate downstream flows and temperatures under a no-dams scenario. The dams selected for this study include 13 dams built and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) as part of the Willamette Project, and 1 dam on the Clackamas River owned and operated by Portland General Electric (PGE). Streamflows in the absence of upstream dams for 2001-02 were estimated for USACE sites on the basis of measured releases, changes in reservoir storage, a correction for evaporative losses, and an accounting of flow effects from upstream dams. For the PGE dam, no-project streamflows were derived from a previous modeling effort that was part of a dam-relicensing process. Without-dam streamflows were characterized by higher peak flows in winter and spring and much lower flows in late summer, as compared to with-dam measured flows.\r\n\r\nWithout-dam water temperatures were estimated from measured temperatures upstream of the reservoirs (the USACE sites) or derived from no-project model results (the PGE site). When using upstream data to estimate without-dam temperatures at dam sites, a typical downstream warming rate based on historical data and downstream river models was applied over the distance from the measurement point to the dam site, but only for conditions when the temperature data indicated that warming might be expected. Regressions with measured temperatures from nearby or similar sites were used to extend the without-dam temperature estimates to the entire 2001-02 time period. Without-dam temperature estimates were characterized by a more natural seasonal pattern, with a maximum in July or August, in contrast to the measured patterns at many of the tall dam sites where the annual maximum temperature typically occurred in September or October. Without-dam temperatures also tended to have more daily variation than with-dam temperatures.\r\n\r\nExamination of the without-dam temperature estimates indicated that dam sites could be grouped according to the amount of streamflow derived from high-elevation, spring-fed, and snowmelt-driven areas high in the Cascade Mountains (Cougar, Big Cliff/Detroit, River Mill, and Hills Creek Dams: Group A), as opposed to flow primarily derived from lower-elevation rainfall-driven drainages (Group B). Annual maximum temperatures for Group A ranged from 15 to 20 degree(s)C, expressed as the 7-day average of the daily maximum (7dADM), whereas annual maximum 7dADM temperatures for Group B ranged from 21 to 25 degrees C. Because summertime stream temperature is at least somewhat dependent on the upstream water source, it was important when estimating without-dam temperatures to use correlations to sites with similar upstream characteristics. For that reason, it also is important to maintain long-term, year-round temperature measurement stations at representative sites in each of the Willamette River basin's physiographic regions.\r\n\r\nStreamflow and temperature estimates downstream of the major dam sites and throughout the Willamette River were generated using existing CE-QUAL-W2 flow and temperature models. These models, originally developed for the Willamette River water-temperature Total Maximum Daily Load process, required only a few modifications to allow them to run under the greatly reduced without-dam flow conditions. Model scenarios both with and without upstream dams were run. Results showed that Willamette River streamflow without upstream dams was reduced to levels much closer to historical pre-dam conditions, with annual minimum streamflows approximately one-half or less of dam-augmented levels. Thermal effects of the dams varied according to the time of year, from cooling in mid-summer to warm","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., 2010, Thermal effects of dams in the Willamette River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5153, vi, 46 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105153.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/SIR_2010_5153.jpg"},{"id":14001,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.28333333333333,43.266666666666666 ], [ -124.28333333333333,46.233333333333334 ], [ -121.01666666666667,46.233333333333334 ], [ -121.01666666666667,43.266666666666666 ], [ -124.28333333333333,43.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dc8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98601,"text":"ds524 - 2010 - Spatial mapping and attribution of Wyoming wind turbines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:39","indexId":"ds524","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"524","title":"Spatial mapping and attribution of Wyoming wind turbines","docAbstract":"This Wyoming wind-turbine data set represents locations of wind turbines found within Wyoming as of August 1, 2009. Each wind turbine is assigned to a wind farm. For each turbine, this report contains information about the following: potential megawatt output, rotor diameter, hub height, rotor height, land ownership, county, wind farm power capacity, the number of units currently associated with its wind farm, the wind turbine manufacturer and model, the wind farm developer, the owner of the wind farm, the current purchaser of power from the wind farm, the year the wind farm went online, and the status of its operation. Some attributes are estimates based on information that was obtained through the American Wind Energy Association and miscellaneous online reports. The locations are derived from August 2009 true-color aerial photographs made by the National Agriculture Imagery Program; the photographs have a positional accuracy of approximately ?5 meters. The location of wind turbines under construction during the development of this data set will likely be less accurate than the location of turbines already completed.\r\n\r\nThe original purpose for developing the data presented here was to evaluate the effect of wind energy development on seasonal habitat used by greater sage-grouse. Additionally, these data will provide a planning tool for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative Science Team and for other wildlife- and habitat-related projects underway at the U.S. Geological Survey's Fort Collins Science Center. Specifically, these data will be used to quantify disturbance of the landscape related to wind energy as well as quantifying indirect disturbances to flora and fauna.\r\n\r\nThis data set was developed for the 2010 project 'Seasonal predictive habitat models for greater sage-grouse in Wyoming.' This project's spatially explicit seasonal distribution models of sage-grouse in Wyoming will provide resource managers with tools for conservation planning. These specific data are being used for assessing the effect of disturbance resulting from wind energy development within Wyoming on sage-grouse populations. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds524","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wyoming seasonal sage-grouse partners and oversight committee","usgsCitation":"O'Donnell, M., and Fancher, T., 2010, Spatial mapping and attribution of Wyoming wind turbines: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 524, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds524.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14000,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/524/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a34e4b07f02db619ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Donnell, Michael S.","contributorId":40667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"Michael S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fancher, Tammy S.","contributorId":17689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancher","given":"Tammy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98603,"text":"sir20105154 - 2010 - Use of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to identify sources of organic matter to bed sediments of the Tualatin River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20105154","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5154","title":"Use of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to identify sources of organic matter to bed sediments of the Tualatin River, Oregon","docAbstract":"The potential sources of organic matter to bed sediment of the Tualatin River in northwestern Oregon were investigated by comparing the isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen and the carbon/nitrogen ratios of potential sources and bed sediments. Samples of bed sediment, suspended sediment, and seston, as well as potential source materials, such as soil, plant litter, duckweed, and wastewater treatment facility effluent particulate were collected in 1998-2000.\r\n\r\nBased on the isotopic data, terrestrial plants and soils were determined to be the most likely sources of organic material to Tualatin River bed sediments. The delta 13C fractionation matched well, and although the delta 15N and carbon/nitrogen ratio of fresh plant litter did not match those of bed sediments, the changes expected with decomposition would result in a good match. The fact that the isotopic composition of decomposed terrestrial plant material closely resembled that of soils and bed sediments supports this conclusion.\r\n\r\nPhytoplankton probably was not a major source of organic matter to bed sediments. Compared to the values for bed sediments, the delta 13C values and carbon/nitrogen ratios of phytoplankton were too low and the delta 15N values were too high. Decomposition would only exacerbate these differences. Although phytoplankton cannot be considered a major source of organic material to bed sediment, a few bed sediment samples in the lower reach of the river showed a small influence from phytoplankton as evidenced by lower delta 13C values than in other bed sediment samples.\r\n\r\nIsotopic data and carbon/nitrogen ratios for bed sediments generally were similar throughout the basin, supporting the idea of a widespread source such as terrestrial material. The delta 15N was slightly lower in tributaries and in the upper reaches of the river. Higher rates of sediment oxygen demand have been measured in the tributaries in previous studies and coupled with the isotopic data may indicate the presence of more labile organic matter in these areas. Results from this study indicate that strategies to improve oxygen conditions in the Tualatin River are likely to be more successful if they target sources of soil, leaf litter, and other terrestrially derived organic materials to the river rather than the instream growth of algae.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Bonn, B.A., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Use of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to identify sources of organic matter to bed sediments of the Tualatin River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5154, vi, 34 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105154.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-08-01","temporalEnd":"2000-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5154.jpg"},{"id":14002,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.53333333333333,45.3 ], [ -123.53333333333333,45.8 ], [ -122.43333333333334,45.8 ], [ -122.43333333333334,45.3 ], [ -123.53333333333333,45.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6028da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonn, Bernadine A.","contributorId":105707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonn","given":"Bernadine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189183,"text":"70189183 - 2010 - Foreword: Groundwater modeling and public policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T09:50:00","indexId":"70189183","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreword: Groundwater modeling and public policy","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00734.x","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., Poeter, E., and Zheng, C., 2010, Foreword: Groundwater modeling and public policy: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 5, p. 625-626, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00734.x.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"625","endPage":"626","ipdsId":"IP-021992","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c47e4b0d1f9f057e389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen","contributorId":24616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zheng, Chunmiao","contributorId":49233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chunmiao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70047861,"text":"dds49031 - 2010 - Attributes for NHDPlus Catchments (Version 1.1) for the Conterminous United States: 30-Year Average Annual Minimum Temperature, 1971-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-25T15:56:12","indexId":"dds49031","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-18T09:33:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"490-31","title":"Attributes for NHDPlus Catchments (Version 1.1) for the Conterminous United States: 30-Year Average Annual Minimum Temperature, 1971-2000","docAbstract":"This data set represents the 30-year (1971-2000) average annual minimum temperature in Celsius multiplied by 100 compiled for every catchment of NHDPlus for the conterminous United States. The source data were the \"United States Average Monthly or Annual Minimum Temperature, 1971 - 2000\" raster dataset produced by the PRISM Group at Oregon State University. The NHDPlus Version 1.1 is an integrated suite of application-ready geospatial datasets that incorporates many of the best features of the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and the National Elevation Dataset (NED). The NHDPlus includes a stream network (based on the 1:100,00-scale NHD), improved networking, naming, and value-added attributes (VAAs). NHDPlus also includes elevation-derived catchments (drainage areas) produced using a drainage enforcement technique first widely used in New England, and thus referred to as \"the New England Method.\" This technique involves \"burning in\" the 1:100,000-scale NHD and when available building \"walls\" using the National Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD). The resulting modified digital elevation model (HydroDEM) is used to produce hydrologic derivatives that agree with the NHD and WBD. Over the past two years, an interdisciplinary team from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and contractors, found that this method produces the best quality NHD catchments using an automated process (USEPA, 2007). The NHDPlus dataset is organized by 18 Production Units that cover the conterminous United States. The NHDPlus version 1.1 data are grouped by the U.S. Geologic Survey's Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). MRB1, covering the New England and Mid-Atlantic River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 1 and 2. MRB2, covering the South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 3 and 6. MRB3, covering the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 4, 5, 7 and 9. MRB4, covering the Missouri River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 10-lower and 10-upper. MRB5, covering the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 8, 11 and 12. MRB6, covering the Rio Grande, Colorado and Great Basin River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 13, 14, 15 and 16. MRB7, covering the Pacific Northwest River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Unit 17. MRB8, covering California River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Unit 18.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston,VA","doi":"10.3133/dds49031","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, M., and LaMotte, A.E., 2010, Attributes for NHDPlus Catchments (Version 1.1) for the Conterminous United States: 30-Year Average Annual Minimum Temperature, 1971-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 490-31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dds49031.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277080,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/nhd_tmin30yr.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.910792,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,23.243486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1be2e4b0f8bf2b0760d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael mewieczo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98599,"text":"ofr20101149 - 2010 - Preliminary atlas of active shallow tectonic deformation in the Puget Lowland, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"ofr20101149","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1149","title":"Preliminary atlas of active shallow tectonic deformation in the Puget Lowland, Washington","docAbstract":"This atlas presents an up-to-date map compilation of the geological and geophysical observations that underpin interpretations of active, surface-deforming faults in the Puget Lowland, Washington. Shallow lowland faults are mapped where observations of deformation from paleoseismic, seismic-reflection, and potential-field investigations converge. Together, results from these studies strengthen the identification and characterization of regional faults and show that as many as a dozen shallow faults have been active during the Holocene. The suite of maps presented in our atlas identifies sites that have evidence of deformation attributed to these shallow faults. For example, the paleoseismic-investigations map shows where coseismic surface rupture and deformation produced geomorphic scarps and deformed shorelines. Other maps compile results of seismic-reflection and potential-field studies that demonstrate evidence of deformation along suspected fault structures in the subsurface. Summary maps show the fault traces derived from, and draped over, the datasets presented in the preceding maps. Overall, the atlas provides map users with a visual overview of the observations and interpretations that support the existence of active, shallow faults beneath the densely populated Puget Lowland. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101149","usgsCitation":"Barnett, E., Haugerud, R.A., Sherrod, B.L., Weaver, C.S., Pratt, T.L., and Blakely, R.J., 2010, Preliminary atlas of active shallow tectonic deformation in the Puget Lowland, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1149, iv, 32 p.; Maps folder , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101149.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.; Maps folder ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1149.jpg"},{"id":13997,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.53333333333333,46.833333333333336 ], [ -123.53333333333333,49 ], [ -121.5,49 ], [ -121.5,46.833333333333336 ], [ -123.53333333333333,46.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e0ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":41550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351 rhaugerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":2691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaugerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L.","contributorId":16874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weaver, Craig S. craig@usgs.gov","contributorId":2690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Craig","email":"craig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98600,"text":"sir20105133 - 2010 - Conceptual ecological models to guide integrated landscape monitoring of the Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-12T12:56:38","indexId":"sir20105133","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5133","title":"Conceptual ecological models to guide integrated landscape monitoring of the Great Basin","docAbstract":"The Great Basin Integrated Landscape Monitoring Pilot Project was developed in response to the need for a monitoring and predictive capability that addresses changes in broad landscapes and waterscapes. Human communities and needs are nested within landscapes formed by interactions among the hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. Understanding the complex processes that shape landscapes and deriving ways to manage them sustainably while meeting human needs require sophisticated modeling and monitoring. \r\n\r\nThis document summarizes current understanding of ecosystem structure and function for many of the ecosystems within the Great Basin using conceptual models. The conceptual ecosystem models identify key ecological components and processes, identify external drivers, develop a hierarchical set of models that address both site and landscape attributes, inform regional monitoring strategy, and identify critical gaps in our knowledge of ecosystem function. The report also illustrates an approach for temporal and spatial scaling from site-specific models to landscape models and for understanding cumulative effects. Eventually, conceptual models can provide a structure for designing monitoring programs, interpreting monitoring and other data, and assessing the accuracy of our understanding of ecosystem functions and processes. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105133","collaboration":"Great Basin Integrated Landscape Monitoring Project","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Finn, S., Woodward, A., Torregrosa, A.A., Miller, M.E., Bedford, D.R., and Brasher, A., 2010, Conceptual ecological models to guide integrated landscape monitoring of the Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5133, vi, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105133.","productDescription":"vi, 134 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5133.jpg"},{"id":13998,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.66666666666667,35.666666666666664 ], [ -122.66666666666667,44.833333333333336 ], [ -109.66666666666667,44.833333333333336 ], [ -109.66666666666667,35.666666666666664 ], [ -122.66666666666667,35.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a3082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, D. 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E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bedford, D. R.","contributorId":9734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brasher, A.M.","contributorId":78034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":98598,"text":"ofr20101165 - 2010 - Development of sea level rise scenarios for climate change assessments of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:08","indexId":"ofr20101165","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1165","title":"Development of sea level rise scenarios for climate change assessments of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam","docAbstract":"Rising sea level poses critical ecological and economical consequences for the low-lying megadeltas of the world where dependent populations and agriculture are at risk. The Mekong Delta of Vietnam is one of many deltas that are especially vulnerable because much of the land surface is below mean sea level and because there is a lack of coastal barrier protection. Food security related to rice and shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta is currently under threat from saltwater intrusion, relative sea level rise, and storm surge potential. Understanding the degree of potential change in sea level under climate change is needed to undertake regional assessments of potential impacts and to formulate adaptation strategies. This report provides constructed time series of potential sea level rise scenarios for the Mekong Delta region by incorporating (1) aspects of observed intra- and inter-annual sea level variability from tide records and (2) projected estimates for different rates of regional subsidence and accelerated eustacy through the year 2100 corresponding with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate models and emission scenarios.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101165","usgsCitation":"Doyle, T.W., Day, R.H., and Michot, T.C., 2010, Development of sea level rise scenarios for climate change assessments of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1165, iv, 109 p.; Appendices , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101165.","productDescription":"iv, 109 p.; Appendices ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1165.jpg"},{"id":13996,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, Thomas W. 0000-0001-5754-0671 doylet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Thomas","email":"doylet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michot, Thomas C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":57935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}