Time-of-travel, dispersion characteristics, and oxygen reaeration coefficients were determined by use of dye and gas tracing for a 2-mile reach of Tacony/Frankford Creek in Philadelphia, southeastern Pennsylvania. The reach frequently has concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) below the water-quality standard of 4 milligrams per liter during warm months. Several large combined sewer overflows (CSOs), including one of the largest in Philadelphia (former Wingohocking Creek), discharge to the study reach in this urbanized watershed, affecting water quality and the timing and magnitude of storm peaks. In addition, a dam that commonly results in backwater conditions and reduced natural reaeration is present a few hundred feet from the end of the study reach. Time-of-travel and reaeration data were collected under base-flow conditions in August and September 2009 for three sub-reaches from Roosevelt Boulevard (U.S. Route 1) to Castor Avenue.
Determination of traveltimes to the centroid of the dye cloud were needed for calculation of the reaeration coefficients. Results of the dye study in Tacony/Frankford Creek indicate that traveltimes were affected by the presence of man-made structures, such as the large scour hole and pool developed at the outfall of the T14 CSO and the dam, both of which reduce stream velocities. Mean stream velocities during the dye-tracer tests ranged from a maximum of 0.44 to 0.04 foot per second through a large pool. The dispersion efficiency of the stream was determined from relations between normalized unit concentrations to time to peak for use in water-quality modeling.
Oxygen reaeration coefficients determined by a constant rate-injection method using propane as the tracer gas were as low as 0.04 unit per hour in a long pool affected by backwater conditions behind a dam. The highest reaeration coefficient was 2.29 units per hour for a steep-gradient reach with multiple winding channels through gravel deposits, just downstream of a large scour pool developed at the outlet of the T14 CSO. Reaeration coefficients determined from the field tracer-gas method were compared to values calculated by two other methods, one that is based on theoretical equations using physical properties of the stream as variables and the other that is based on equations using the timing of measured daily maximum DO concentrations in the stream. Reaeration coefficients from the two alternate methods were most similar to values determined from the field tracer-gas method for the upstream portion of the study reach, characterized by free-flowing riffle and pools. Values of reaeration coefficients determined by the tracer-gas method were 2 to 10 times higher than values determined by 2 alternate methods for most subreaches hydraulically affected by man-made structures.
In addition to the tracer gas, propane, the gas analysis also included methane, ethane, and ethene, of which only methane was measured in concentrations above a few micrograms per liter. Methane, thought to occur naturally or because of ongoing processes in the stream, was measured in concentrations ranging from 6.6 to 78 micrograms per liter; the concentrations were greatest in sub-reaches dominated by pools.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Philadelphia, Water Department","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Gyves, M.C., 2010, Determination of time-of-travel, dispersion characteristics, and oxygen reaeration coefficients during low streamflows--Lower Tacony/Frankford Creek, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5195, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105195.","productDescription":"90 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428007,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94348.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":375078,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5195/images/coverthb.gif"},{"id":14201,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":375075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5195/pdf/sir2010-5195.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Philadelphia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.11666666666666,40.03333333333333 ], [ -75.11666666666666,40 ], [ -75.08416666666666,40 ], [ -75.08416666666666,40.03333333333333 ], [ -75.11666666666666,40.03333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gyves, Matthew C. 0000-0001-9361-6493 mgyves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-6493","contributorId":4029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gyves","given":"Matthew","email":"mgyves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98790,"text":"ofr20101236 - 2010 - The potential influence of changing climate on the persistence of salmonids of the inland west","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T16:19:38","indexId":"ofr20101236","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1236","title":"The potential influence of changing climate on the persistence of salmonids of the inland west","docAbstract":"The Earth's climate warmed steadily during the 20th century, and mean annual air temperatures are estimated to have increased by 0.6°C (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007). Although many cycles of warming and cooling have occurred in the past, the most recent warming period is unique in its rate and magnitude of change (Siegenthaler and others, 2005) and in its association with anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007). The climate in the western United States warmed in concert with the global trend but at an accelerated rate (+0.8°C during the 20th century; Saunders and others, 2008). The region could also prove especially sensitive to future changes because the relatively small human population is growing rapidly, as are demands on limited water supplies.
Regional hydrological patterns are dominated by seasonal snow accumulation at upper elevations. Most of the region is relatively dry, and both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are strongly constrained b y water availability (Barnett and others, 2008; Brown and others, 2008). Stream environments are dynamic and climatically extreme, and salmonid fishes are the dominant elements of the native biodiversity (McPhail and Lindsey, 1986; Waples and others, 2008). Salmonids have broad economic and ecologic importance, but a century of intensive water resource development, nonnative fish stocking, and land use has significantly reduced many populations and several taxa are now protected under the Endangered Species Act (Thurow and others, 1997; Trotter, 2008). Because salmonids require relatively pristine, cold water environments and are often isolated in headwater habitats, members of this group may be especially vulnerable to the effects of a warming climate (Keleher and Rahel, 1996; Rieman and others, 2007; Williams and others, 2009).
Warming during the 20th century drove a series of environmental trends that have profound implications for many aspects of salmonid habitat, including disturbance regimes such as wildfire, and unfavorable changes to thermal and hydrologic properties of aquatic systems. Warmer air temperatures have been associated with decreased winter snow accumulations, have accelerated snowmelt, and have advanced the timing of peak runoff by several days to weeks across most of western North America (Stewart and others, 2005; Barnett and others, 2008). Less snow and earlier runoff decrease aquifer recharge, make less water available for groundwater inputs to streams, and are contributing to widespread decreases in summer low flows (Stewart and others, 2005; Rood and others, 2008; Luce and Holden 2009). Interannual variability in stream flow is increasing, as is the persistence of multi-year extreme conditions (McCabe and others, 2004; Pagano and Garen 2005). In many areas of western North America, flood risks have increased in association with warmer temperatures during the 20th century (Hamlet and Lettenmaier, 2005). Streams where midwinter temperatures are near freezing have proven especially sensitive to increased flooding because of associated transitional hydrological patterns (mixtures of rainfall and snowmelt) and propensity for occasional rain-on-snow events to rapidly melt winter snowpack and generate large floods (Hamlet and Lettenmaier, 2005).
Stream temperatures in many areas are increasing (Peterson and Kitchell, 2001; Morrison and others, 2002; Bartholow, 2005; Kaushal and others, 2010), due to both air temperature increases and reduced summer flows that make streams more sensitive to warmer air temperatures (Isaak and others, 2010). In recent decades, wildfires have become more common across much of the western United States during periods of more frequent droughts (Westerling and others, 2006; Hoerling and Eischeid, 2007), and local stream temperature can increase in postfire environments (Gresswell, 1999; Dunham and others, 2007). Fire-related temperature increase within streams is commonly a transient phenomenon, lasting only until riparian vegetation has recovered (Gresswell, 1999); however, ongoing climate change could preclude recovery to higher stature, prefire vegetation types in some areas (McKenzie and others, 2004; van Mantgem and Stephenson, 2007), resulting in a loss of critical riparian shading. Additionally, when wildfires occur in steep mountain topographies, the vegetation that stabilize s soils on hillslopes is often killed and landslides become more prevalent (Gresswell, 1999). Landslides int o stream channels form debris flows composed of sediment slurries and dead trees that can scour channels to bedrock and further exacerbate stream heating, delay recovery of riparian areas, or extirpate fish populations (Gresswell, 1999; May and Gresswell, 2003; Dunham and others, 2007).
Changes in stream environments will shift habitat distributions, sometimes unpredictably, in both time and space for many salmonid fishes. Water temperature fundamentally influences aquatic ecosystem health because distribution, reproduction, fitness, and survival of ectothermic organisms are inextricably linked to the thermal regime of the environment. Historically, research has focused on defining lethal thermal limits of salmonids (Eaton and others, 1995; Selong and others, 2001; Todd and others, 2008); however, water temperature is known to be important in biological processes at a variety of spatial scales and levels of biological organization (Rahel and Olden, 2008; McCullough and others, 2009). For instance, trout are affected directly by water temperature through feeding, metabolism, and growth rates, and indirectly by factors such as prey availability and species interactions (Wehrly and others, 2007; Rahel and Olden, 2008). Where cold water temperatures currently limit habitat suitability and distributions of some species (for example, at the highest and most northerly distributional extents; Nakano and others, 1996; Coleman and Fausch, 2007), a warming climate may gradually increase the quality and extent of suitable habitat. Over time, previously constrained populations are expected to expand into these new habitats and increase in number. Some evidence suggests this may already be happening in Alaska, where streams in recently deglaciated areas are being colonized by emigrants from nearby salmon and char populations (Milner and others, 2000).
Unfortunately, many of the sensitive salmonid species that are often the focus of western managers are unlikely to benefit from future water temperature increases. Warmer stream temperatures will facilitate invasion by nonnative species that are broadly established in downstream areas into upstream areas where they will compete with native species (Rieman and others, 2006; Rahel and Olden, 2008; Fausch and others, 2009). In other cases, warmer stream temperatures will render thermally suitable habitats unsuitable in downstream areas and effect net losses of habitat because upstream distributions are often constrained by streams that are too small or steep (Hari and others, 2006; Isaak and others, 2010). Both scenarios are realistic for fish species like bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) (Rieman and others, 2006; Rieman and others, 2007), the various subspecies of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) (Williams and others, 2009), Gila trout (Oncorhynchus gilae gilae) (Kennedy and others, 2008), and Apache trout (Oncorhynchus gilae apache) (Rinne and Minckley, 1985; Carmichael and others, 1993). As native species are increasingly confined to smaller and more isolated habitats by a gradually warming climate, the effects of wildfires (whether related to lethal changes in water quality during a fire, channel debris flows, or chronic postfire warming ) could have greater proportional effects on remaining habitats (for example, Brown and others, 2001; Rieman and others, 2007). If these changes were accompanied by additional hydrologic alterations associated with changes to the magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change of discharge patterns (Jager and others, 1999; Henderson and others, 2000), populations may begin to lose some of their historic resilience and become ever more susceptible to local extirpations.
As dramatic and extensive as climatic and environmental trends are for salmonid habitats, global climate models (GCMs) project that many of these trends will continue and even accelerate until at least the middle of the 21st century (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007). Current projections suggest mean annual air temperatures will increase by an additional 1–3°C, and early indications are that climate trajectory is at the higher end of this range (Pittock, 2006; Raupach and others, 2007). Although predicted changes vary considerably, even the most conservative estimates suggest a warming rate that will be twice that observed during the 20th century. Projections for the midcentury are most certainly due to the effects of greenhouse gases already emitted or predicted in the short term, uncertainties of the effects of longer-term greenhouse gas emissions, short-term climate cycles, and process errors associated with climate models (Cox and Stephenson, 2007). Projections of changes in total precipitation are less certain than those for air temperatures, but most GCMs project relatively small changes in the Northwest, with the exception of slightly drier summer periods (Mote and others, 2008; Karl and others, 2009). In the Southwest, however, significant decreases (such as 15–30 percent ) are projected during most periods of the year, and this area is one of the few for which Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) precipitation projections have a high level of certainty (Hoerling and Eischeid, 2007; Karl and others, 2009). Clearly, managers of native salmonids in the wester n United States should consider adjusting management strategies to accommodate a warmer and possibly drier future (Williams and others, 2009). Tools are needed to forecast where important changes may occur and how conservation efforts should be prioritized. In this Open-File Report, we document our initial efforts in this regard for 10 species and subspecies of inland trout and Montana Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) across the western United States.
In 1999, an international consortium of space agencies conceived and approved a mechanism to provide satellite information in support of worldwide disaster relief. This group came to be known as the 'International Charter?Space and Major Disasters' and has become an important resource for the use of satellite data to evaluate and provide support for response to natural and man-made disasters. From the Charter's formative days in 1999, its membership has grown to 10 space organizations managing more than 20 earth-observing satellites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103062","usgsCitation":"Stryker, T.S., and Jones, B., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey disaster response and the International Charter for space and major disasters (Version 1.1: October 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3062, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103062.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14188,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":338606,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3062/pdf/fs2010-3062.pdf"},{"id":126098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3062.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.1: October 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612d5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stryker, Timothy S. tstryker@usgs.gov","contributorId":4864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stryker","given":"Timothy","email":"tstryker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Brenda K. 0000-0003-4941-5349","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5349","contributorId":60739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Brenda K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98779,"text":"ds530 - 2010 - Characteristics of sediment data and annual suspended-sediment loads and yields for selected lower Missouri River mainstem and tributary stations, 1976-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"ds530","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"530","title":"Characteristics of sediment data and annual suspended-sediment loads and yields for selected lower Missouri River mainstem and tributary stations, 1976-2008","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment data from 18 selected surface-water monitoring stations in the lower Missouri River Basin downstream from Gavins Point Dam were used in the computation of annual suspended-sediment and suspended-sand loads for 1976 through 2008. Three methods of suspended-sediment load determination were utilized and these included the subdivision method, regression of instantaneous turbidity with suspended-sediment concentrations at selected stations, and regression techniques using the Load Estimator (LOADEST) software. Characteristics of the suspended-sediment and streamflow data collected at the 18 monitoring stations and the tabulated annual suspended-sediment and suspended-sand loads and yields are presented.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds530","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Rasmussen, P.P., Cline, T.L., Pigue, L., and Wagner, H.R., 2010, Characteristics of sediment data and annual suspended-sediment loads and yields for selected lower Missouri River mainstem and tributary stations, 1976-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 530, iv, 57 p.; Appendices; Appendix 1 Download file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds530.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p.; Appendices; Appendix 1 Download file","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1976-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_530.jpg"},{"id":14189,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/530/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,35 ], [ -115,50 ], [ -89,50 ], [ -89,35 ], [ -115,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cline, Teri L.","contributorId":80220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Teri","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pigue, Lori M.","contributorId":69510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigue","given":"Lori M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wagner, Holly R.","contributorId":39739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98781,"text":"sir20105146 - 2010 - Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Interdisciplinary Microbiology Workshop, Estes Park, Colorado, October 15-17, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T16:04:52","indexId":"sir20105146","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5146","title":"Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Interdisciplinary Microbiology Workshop, Estes Park, Colorado, October 15-17, 2008","docAbstract":"Preface\r\nA U.S. Geological Survey Interdisciplinary Microbiology Workshop was held in Estes Park, Colorado, on October 15-17, 2008. Participants came from all USGS regions and disciplines.\r\n\r\nThis report contains abstracts from 36 presentations and 35 poster sessions and notes from 5 breakout sessions. The seven presentation topics follow: \r\n\r\nEcology of wildlife and fish disease \r\nMechanisms of fish and wildlife disease \r\nMicrobial ecology \r\nGeographic patterns/visualization \r\nPublic health and water quality \r\nGeomicrobiology \r\nEcosystem function \r\nThe six poster session topics follow: \r\n\r\nWildlife disease \r\nDisease detection methods \r\nWater quality \r\nMicrobial ecology \r\nMetabolic processes \r\nTools and techniques \r\nFive working groups met in breakout sessions on October 16, 2008. The highlights for each working group are summarized in this report, and their goals are listed below:\r\n\r\nWorking Group I: to plan a Fact Sheet on interdisciplinary microbiology in the USGS \r\nWorking Group II: to plan a USGS interdisciplinary microbiology Web site \r\nWorking Group III: to suggest ways to broadcast and publicize the types of microbiology conducted at the USGS \r\nWorking Group IV: to identify emerging issues in USGS interdisciplinary microbiology research \r\nWorking Group V: to identify potential opportunities for interdisciplinary microbiology work at the USGS \r\nAfter the workshop, the USGS interdisciplinary microbiology Web site was activated in June 2009 at http://microbiology.usgs.gov/.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105146","usgsCitation":"2010, Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Interdisciplinary Microbiology Workshop, Estes Park, Colorado, October 15-17, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5146, xii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105146.","productDescription":"xii, 49 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5146.jpg"},{"id":14191,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db6549e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Marano-Briggs, Kay kmbriggs@usgs.gov","contributorId":40316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marano-Briggs","given":"Kay","email":"kmbriggs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725774,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193068,"text":"70193068 - 2010 - Solar UV radiation and amphibians: Factors mitigating injury","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T08:06:44","indexId":"70193068","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Solar UV radiation and amphibians: Factors mitigating injury","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":" Ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptiles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Little, E.E., and Calfee, R.D., 2010, Solar UV radiation and amphibians: Factors mitigating injury, chap. 13 of Ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptiles, p. 449-473.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"473","ipdsId":"IP-008474","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.setac.org/store/default.aspx?"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a5ae4b063d5d309827d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linder, Greg","contributorId":187474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Christine A.","contributorId":10749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Christine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717827,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krest, Sherry K.","contributorId":113670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krest","given":"Sherry","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717828,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calfee, Robin D. 0000-0001-6056-7023 rcalfee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-7023","contributorId":1841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calfee","given":"Robin","email":"rcalfee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98774,"text":"ofr20101172 - 2010 - Database of recent tsunami deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:44","indexId":"ofr20101172","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1172","title":"Database of recent tsunami deposits","docAbstract":"This report describes a database of sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits derived from published accounts of tsunami deposit investigations conducted shortly after the occurrence of a tsunami. The database contains 228 entries, each entry containing data from up to 71 categories. It includes data from 51 publications covering 15 tsunamis distributed between 16 countries. The database encompasses a wide range of depositional settings including tropical islands, beaches, coastal plains, river banks, agricultural fields, and urban environments. It includes data from both local tsunamis and teletsunamis. The data are valuable for interpreting prehistorical, historical, and modern tsunami deposits, and for the development of criteria to identify tsunami deposits in the geologic record. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101172","usgsCitation":"Peters, R., and Jaffe, B.E., 2010, Database of recent tsunami deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1172, iii, 12 p.; Metadata folder; Data folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101172.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.; Metadata folder; Data folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1172.jpg"},{"id":14184,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8ce0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Robert","contributorId":32494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98780,"text":"sir20105150 - 2010 - Occurrence and sources of Escherichia coli in metropolitan St. Louis streams, October 2004 through September 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T22:15:05.856652","indexId":"sir20105150","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5150","title":"Occurrence and sources of Escherichia coli in metropolitan St. Louis streams, October 2004 through September 2007","docAbstract":"The occurrence and sources of Escherichia coli (E. coli), one of several fecal indicator bacteria, in metropolitan St. Louis streams known to receive nonpoint source runoff, occasional discharges from combined and sanitary sewers, and treated wastewater effluent were investigated from October 2004 through September 2007. Three Missouri River sites, five Mississippi River sites, and six small basin tributary stream sites were sampled during base flow and storm events for the presence of E. coli and their sources. E. coli host-source determinations were conducted using local library based genotypic methods. Human fecal contamination in stream samples was additionally confirmed by the presence of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an anaerobic, enteric bacterium with a high occurrence in, and specificity to, humans.
Missouri River E. coli densities and loads during base flow were approximately 10 times greater than those in the Mississippi River above its confluence with the Missouri River. Although substantial amounts of E. coli originated from within the study area during base flow and storm events, considerable amounts of E. coli in the Missouri River, as well as in the middle Mississippi River sections downstream from its confluence with the Missouri River, originated in Missouri River reaches upstream from the study area. In lower Mississippi River reaches, bacteria contributions from the numerous combined and sanitary sewer overflows within the study area, as well as contributions from nonpoint source runoff, greatly increased instream E. coli densities.
Although other urban factors cannot be discounted, average E. coli densities in streams were strongly correlated with the number of upstream combined and sanitary sewer overflow points, and the percentage of upstream impervious cover. Small basin sites with the greatest number of combined and sanitary sewer overflows (Maline Creek and the River des Peres) had larger E. coli densities, larger loads, and a greater percentage of E. coli attributable to humans than other small basin sites; however, even though small basin E. coli densities typically were much larger than in large river receiving streams, small basins contributed, on average, only a small part (a maximum of 16 percent) of the total E. coli load to larger rivers.
On average, approximately one-third of E. coli in metropolitan St. Louis streams was identified as originating from humans. Another one-third of the E. coli was determined to have originated from unidentified sources; dogs and geese contributed lesser amounts, 10 and 20 percent, of the total instream bacteria. Sources of E. coli were largely independent of hydrologic conditions—an indication that sources remained relatively consistent with time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District","usgsCitation":"Wilkison, D.H., and Davis, J., 2010, Occurrence and sources of Escherichia coli in metropolitan St. Louis streams, October 2004 through September 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5150, v, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105150.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14190,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5150.jpg"},{"id":424290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94341.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"St Louis","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.7,\n 38.4166\n ],\n [\n -90.7,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 38.4166\n ],\n [\n -90.7,\n 38.4166\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd48ffe4b0b290850eeca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkison, Donald H. wilkison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"Donald","email":"wilkison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98776,"text":"sir20105188 - 2010 - Characterization of water quality and biological communities, Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105188","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5188","title":"Characterization of water quality and biological communities, Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2007-08","docAbstract":"Fish Creek, a tributary to the Snake River, is about 25 river kilometers long and is located in Teton County in western Wyoming near the town of Wilson. Public concern about nuisance growths of aquatic plants in Fish Creek have been increasing in recent years. To address this concern, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study in cooperation with the Teton Conservation District to characterize the water quality and biological communities in Fish Creek. Water-quality samples were collected for analyses of physical properties and water chemistry (nutrients, nitrate isotopes, and wastewater chemicals) between March 2007 and October 2008 from seven surface-water sites and three groundwater wells. During this same period, aquatic plant and macroinvertebrate samples were collected and habitat characteristics were measured at the surface-water sites.\r\n\r\nThe main objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate nutrient concentrations (that influence biological indicators of eutrophication) and potential sources of nutrients by using stable isotope analysis and other indicator chemicals (such as caffeine and disinfectants) that could provide evidence of anthropogenic sources, such as wastewater or septic tank contamination in Fish Creek and adjacent groundwater, and (2) characterize the algal, macrophyte, and macroinvertebrate communities and habitat of Fish Creek.\r\n\r\nNitrate was the dominant species of dissolved nitrogen present in all samples and was the only bioavailable species detected at concentrations greater than the laboratory reporting level in all surface-water samples. Average concentrations of dissolved nitrate in surface water were largest in samples collected from the two sites with seasonal flow near Teton Village and decreased downstream; the smallest concentration was at downstream site A-Wck. Concentrations of dissolved nitrate in groundwater were consistently greater than concentrations in corresponding surface-water sites during the same sampling event. Orthophosphate was the primary dissolved species of phosphorus present in all surface-water and groundwater samples. The average concentration of dissolved orthophosphate in surface water was largest in samples collected from near Teton Village; samples from all other sites had similar average concentrations. Concentrations of dissolved orthophosphate in groundwater also were typically greater than concentrations in corresponding surface-water sites during the same sampling event.\r\n\r\nThe aquatic plant communities in Fish Creek typically were composed of a mixture of macrophytes, macroalgae, microalgae, and moss. The composition of the aquatic plant community in Fish Creek appeared to shift in the downstream direction in 2007. On average, the proportion of macrophytes ranged from about 1 percent at site A-R1U, the most upstream site, to 54 percent of the plant community at site A-R6D, the farthest downstream site sampled during 2007. The downstream increase in macrophytes was accompanied by a downstream decrease in microalgae. The average proportion of microalgae ranged from 80 percent at site A-R1U to 24 percent at site A-R6D. The proportion of the macroalgae Cladophora in the aquatic plant community was relatively high at sites A-Wck and A-R3D in both 2007 and 2008.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Teton Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., Peterson, D.A., Wheeler, J.D., and Leemon, D.J., 2010, Characterization of water quality and biological communities, Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5188, vii, 60 p.; Supplemental Data; CDROM containing Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105188.","productDescription":"vii, 60 p.; Supplemental Data; CDROM containing Tables","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5188.jpg"},{"id":14186,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,43 ], [ -111,44 ], [ -110.5,44 ], [ -110.5,43 ], [ -111,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David A. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":1742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wheeler, Jerrod D. 0000-0002-0533-8700 jwheele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-8700","contributorId":1893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Jerrod","email":"jwheele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leemon, Daniel J.","contributorId":70090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leemon","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98787,"text":"sir20105163 - 2010 - Low-flow characteristics of the Mississippi River upstream from the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, 1932-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105163","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5163","title":"Low-flow characteristics of the Mississippi River upstream from the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, 1932-2007","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council, conducted a study to characterize regional low flows during 1932?2007 in the Mississippi River upstream from the Twin Cities metropolitan area in Minnesota and to describe the low-flow profile of the Mississippi River between the confluence of the Crow River and St. Anthony Falls. Probabilities of extremely low flow were estimated for the streamflow-gaging station (Mississippi River near Anoka) and the coincidence of low-flow periods, defined as the extended periods (at least 7 days) when all the daily flows were less than the 10th percentile of daily mean flows for the entire period of record, at four selected streamflow-gaging stations located upstream. The likelihood of extremely low flows was estimated by a superposition method for the Mississippi River near Anoka that created 5,776 synthetic hydrographs resulting in a minimum synthetic low flow of 398 cubic feet per second at a probability of occurrence of 0.0002 per year. Low-flow conditions at the Mississippi River above Anoka were associated with low-flow conditions at two or fewer of four upstream streamflow-gaging stations 42 percent of the time, indicating that sufficient water is available within the basin for many low flows and the occurrence of extremely low-flows is small. However, summer low-flow conditions at the Mississippi River above Anoka were almost always associated with low-stage elevations in three or more of the six upper basin reservoirs. A low-flow profile of the Mississippi River between the confluence of the Crow River and St. Anthony Falls was completed using a real-time kinematic global positioning system, and the water-surface profile was mapped during October 8?9, 2008, and annotated with local landmarks. This was done so that water-use planners could relate free-board elevations of selected water utility structures to the lowest flow conditions during 2008.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council","usgsCitation":"Kessler, E., and Lorenz, D.L., 2010, Low-flow characteristics of the Mississippi River upstream from the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, 1932-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5163, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105163.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1932-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14197,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,43 ], [ -98,49 ], [ -89,49 ], [ -89,43 ], [ -98,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64871a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kessler, Erich","contributorId":41553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Erich","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98772,"text":"ds537 - 2010 - Bathymetric and streamflow data for the Quillayute, Dickey, and Bogachiel Rivers, Clallam County, Washington, April-May 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"ds537","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"537","title":"Bathymetric and streamflow data for the Quillayute, Dickey, and Bogachiel Rivers, Clallam County, Washington, April-May 2010","docAbstract":"To facilitate the development of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Quillayute River estuary, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a bathymetric survey of the Quillayute River and its tributaries, upstream of the La Push Harbor. Streamflow also was measured concurrent with the bathymetric survey. This report documents the bathymetric and streamflow data collected in the Quillayute (river mile 0.4-5.7), Dickey (river mile 0-0.4), and Bogachiel Rivers (river mile 0-0.8) on April 20-21 and May 4-6, 2010, including a longitudinal profile, about 7-miles long, of water-surface and riverbed elevations. In all, 173,800 bathymetric points were collected and streamflow measurements in the mainstem Quillayute River ranged from 3,630 to 7,800 cubic feet per second.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds537","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J., Barnas, C.R., McKenna, T.E., Justin, G., and Payne, K.L., 2010, Bathymetric and streamflow data for the Quillayute, Dickey, and Bogachiel Rivers, Clallam County, Washington, April-May 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 537, iv, 12 p.; Bathymetry data; Longitudinal Profile data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds537.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.; Bathymetry data; Longitudinal Profile data","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-04-01","temporalEnd":"2010-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_537.jpg"},{"id":14182,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/537/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.65,47.88333333333333 ], [ -124.65,47.93333333333333 ], [ -124.53333333333333,47.93333333333333 ], [ -124.53333333333333,47.88333333333333 ], [ -124.65,47.88333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640a61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A.","contributorId":19917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnas, Christiana R.","contributorId":80792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnas","given":"Christiana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenna, Thomas E.","contributorId":80793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Justin, Gregory","contributorId":14081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justin","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Payne, Karen L. klpayne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Karen","email":"klpayne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98773,"text":"ofr20101235 - 2010 - Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) in southeastern Oregon: A survey of historical localities, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20101235","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1235","title":"Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) in southeastern Oregon: A survey of historical localities, 2009","docAbstract":"The Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) occupies a large range in western North America and is comprised of at least three genetic units. Concern exists regarding the status of the Great Basin populations in Oregon, Idaho, and Nevada. We surveyed target and nearby alternate sites on public lands in southeastern Oregon where there was evidence that Columbia spotted frogs were historically present. We found the species at 59.5 percent (25 of 42) of target or nearby alternate sites. They were in 15 of 23 permanent streams and 8 of 13 intermittent streams. Our surveys do not provide evidence of widespread population losses in our sites. Interpretation of status of Columbia spotted frogs in this study is limited by a lack of precision in some of the historical locations and by our inability to determine if locations where only adults were indicated in the historical record once had breeding populations. Our results support the need for continued investigation of these populations.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon/Washington U.S. Bureau of Land Management and Region 6 U.S. Forest Service Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program (ISSSSP)","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C.A., Galvan, S., Adams, M.J., and McCreary, B., 2010, Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) in southeastern Oregon: A survey of historical localities, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1235, iv, 11 p; Tables; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101235.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p; Tables; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14183,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,42 ], [ -120.5,45 ], [ -116.66666666666667,45 ], [ -116.66666666666667,42 ], [ -120.5,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae75f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Chistopher A.","contributorId":67626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Chistopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galvan, Stephanie K.","contributorId":107826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galvan","given":"Stephanie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCreary, Brome","contributorId":105005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98782,"text":"ds534 - 2010 - Groundwater-quality data for the Sierra Nevada study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T20:21:45.820456","indexId":"ds534","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"534","title":"Groundwater-quality data for the Sierra Nevada study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 25,500-square-mile Sierra Nevada study unit was investigated in June through October 2008, as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The Sierra Nevada study was designed to provide statistically robust assessments of untreated groundwater quality within the primary aquifer systems in the study unit, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter, primary aquifers) are defined by the depth of the screened or open intervals of the wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database of wells used for public and community drinking-water supplies. The quality of groundwater in shallower or deeper water-bearing zones may differ from that in the primary aquifers; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to contamination from the surface.
In the Sierra Nevada study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 84 wells (and springs) in Lassen, Plumas, Butte, Sierra, Yuba, Nevada, Placer, El Dorado, Amador, Alpine, Calaveras, Tuolumne, Madera, Mariposa, Fresno, Inyo, Tulare, and Kern Counties. The wells were selected on two overlapping networks by using a spatially-distributed, randomized, grid-based approach. The primary grid-well network consisted of 30 wells, one well per grid cell in the study unit, and was designed to provide statistical representation of groundwater quality throughout the entire study unit. The lithologic grid-well network is a secondary grid that consisted of the wells in the primary grid-well network plus 53 additional wells and was designed to provide statistical representation of groundwater quality in each of the four major lithologic units in the Sierra Nevada study unit: granitic, metamorphic, sedimentary, and volcanic rocks. One natural spring that is not used for drinking water was sampled for comparison with a nearby primary grid well in the same cell.
Groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA] and perchlorate), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major ions, total dissolved solids, and trace elements), and radioactive constituents (radium isotopes, radon-222, gross alpha and gross beta particle activities, and uranium isotopes). Naturally occurring isotopes and geochemical tracers (stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water, stable isotopes of carbon, carbon-14, strontium isotopes, and tritium), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater.
Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and samples for matrix spikes) each were collected at approximately 10 percent of the wells sampled for each analysis, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection, handling, and analytical procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges, with few exceptions. Matrix-spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory benchmarks apply to finished drinking water that is served to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the groundwater were compared with regulatory and nonregulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH and with nonregulatory aesthetic and technical benchmarks established by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water benchmarks are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate compliance or noncompliance with regulatory benchmarks.
All organic constituents and most inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 30 primary grid wells in the Sierra Nevada study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water benchmarks.
Of the 150 organic and special-interest constituents analyzed, 21 were detected in groundwater samples; all concentrations were less than regulatory and nonregulatory health-based benchmarks, and most were less than 1/10th of benchmark levels. One or more organic constituents were detected in 37 percent of the primary grid wells, and perchlorate was detected in 27 percent of the primary grid wells.
Most samples analyzed for inorganic and radioactive constituents had concentrations or activities less than regulatory and nonregulatory health-based benchmarks. Nutrients were not detected at concentrations greater than health-based benchmarks. Six of the 30 primary grid wells (20 percent) and 7 of the 53 lithologic grid wells had concentrations of or activities for one or two constituents that were greater than the benchmarks. Constituents present in one or more samples at concentrations or activities greater than health-based benchmarks were arsenic (5 wells, MCL-US), gross alpha particle activity (4 wells, MCL-US), boron (2 wells, NL-CA), fluoride (1 well, MCL-CA), and selenium (1 well, MCL-US). Two of the wells that had high gross alpha particle activities had uranium concentrations (MCL-CA) and uranium activities (MCL-CA) greater than the benchmark levels. Four of the 29 samples analyzed had activities of radon-222 greater than the proposed alternative MCL-US.
Most samples analyzed for inorganic constituents that had nonregulatory, aesthetic-based benchmarks (SMCLs) had concentrations less than these benchmarks. Total dissolved solids concentrations were less than the upper SMCL-CA in all 83 primary and lithologic grid well samples, and TDS concentrations were less than the recommended SMCL-CA in 79 of these samples. Manganese concentrations were greater than the SMCL-CA in 2 of the 30 primary grid wells (7 percent) and in 6 of the 53 lithologic grid wells, and iron concentrations were greater than the SMCL-CA in the same 2 primary grid wells and in 5 of the same lithologic grid wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds534","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Fram, M.S., Munday, C.M., and Belitz, K., 2010, Groundwater-quality data for the Sierra Nevada study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 534, ix, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds534.","productDescription":"ix, 82 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_534.jpg"},{"id":404074,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94351.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/534/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7333,\n 34.7756\n ],\n [\n -117.9167,\n 34.7756\n ],\n [\n -117.9167,\n 40.4297\n ],\n [\n -121.7333,\n 40.4297\n ],\n [\n -121.7333,\n 34.7756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munday, Cathy M. cmunday@usgs.gov","contributorId":3173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munday","given":"Cathy","email":"cmunday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217565,"text":"70217565 - 2010 - Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T23:39:59.605592","indexId":"70217565","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T16:42:39","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1362,"text":"Current Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array","docAbstract":"To study horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus spawning behavior and migration over a large-spatial extent (>100 km), we arrayed fixed station radio receivers throughout Delaware Bay and deployed radio transmitters and archival tags on adult horseshoe crabs prior to their spawning season. We tagged and released 160 females and 60 males in 2004 and 217 females in 2005. The array covered approximately 140 km of shoreline. Recapture rates were >70% with multi-year recaptures. We categorized adult age by carapace wear. Older females tended to spawn earlier in the season and more frequently than young females, but those tendencies were more apparent in 2004 when spawning overall occurred earlier than in 2005 when spawning was delayed possibly due to decreased water temperatures. Timing of initial spawning within a year was correlated with water temperature. After adjusting for day of first spring tide, the day of first spawning was 4 days earlier for every 1 degree (̊C) rise in mean daily water temperature in May. Seventy nine % of spawning occurred during nighttime high tides. Fifty five % of spawning occurred within 3 d of a spring tide, which was slightly higher than the 47% expected if spawning was uniformly distributed regardless of tidal cycle. Within the same spawning season, males and females were observed spawning or intertidally resting at more than one beach separated by >5 km. Between years, most (77%) did not return to spawn at the same beach. Probability of stranding was strongly age dependent for males and females with older adults experiencing higher stranding rates. Horseshoe crabs staging in the shallow waters east of the channel spawned exclusively along the eastern (NJ) shoreline, but those staging west of the channel spawned throughout the bay. Overall, several insights emerged from the use of radio telemetry, which advances our understanding of horseshoe crab ecology and will be useful in conserving the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab population and habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/czoolo/56.5.563","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.R., Brousseau, L.J., Mandt, M.T., and Millard, M.J., 2010, Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array: Current Zoology, v. 56, no. 5, p. 563-574, https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.5.563.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"574","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.5.563","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 39.53370327008705\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 39.53370327008705\n ],\n [\n -75.6134033203125,\n 38.70694605159386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brousseau, L. J.","contributorId":24534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brousseau","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mandt, Mary T.","contributorId":248260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandt","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Millard, Michael J.","contributorId":23411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70136176,"text":"70136176 - 2010 - Survival of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following surgical liver biopsy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T09:39:50","indexId":"70136176","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Survival of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following surgical liver biopsy","title":"Survival of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following surgical liver biopsy","docAbstract":"We measured intra- and postoperative mortality rates of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) undergoing surgical liver biopsy sampling for determination of the induction of cytochrome P4501A, a biomarker of oil exposure. Liver biopsies were taken from and radio transmitters were implanted into 157 free-ranging Harlequin Ducks over three winters (55 in 2000, 55 in 2001, and 47 in 2002). No birds died during surgery, but seven (4.5%) died during recovery from anesthesia (three in 2001 and four in 2002). None of the deaths could be attributed directly to the liver biopsy. Four of the 150 (2.7%) birds that were released died in the 2 wk period after surgery. All post-release deaths occurred in 2001; no birds died after release in 2000 or 2002. No mortalities of 36 captive birds occurred during surgery or recovery or in the 2 wk period following surgery. Hemorrhage was a minor problem with one captive bird. Surgical liver biopsies appear to be a safe procedure, but anesthetic complications may occur with overwintering ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1325","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., and Esler, D., 2010, Survival of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following surgical liver biopsy: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 46, no. 4, p. 1325-1329, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1325.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021631","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c65e4b08de9379b3790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":537479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236123,"text":"70236123 - 2010 - Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T15:53:51.961341","indexId":"70236123","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T14:10:15","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Land subsidence, associated hazards, and the role of natural resources development, IAHS-AISH publication 339","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"8th International Symposium on Land Subsidence","conferenceDate":"October 17-22, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Querétaro, Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Aureli, A., Johnson, A.I., Carbognin, L., Prince, K.R., Barends, F.B., Carreon-Freyre, D., Galloway, D.L., Gambolati, G., and Zanin, J.F., 2010, Introduction, chap. of Land subsidence, associated hazards, and the role of natural resources development, IAHS-AISH publication 339, v. 339, p. ix-x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"ix","endPage":"x","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"339","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carreon-Freyre, Dora","contributorId":203530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carreon-Freyre","given":"Dora","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36644,"text":"Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854444,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cerca, Mariano","contributorId":296082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cerca","given":"Mariano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854445,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Devin 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":215888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854446,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Aureli, Alice","contributorId":295919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aureli","given":"Alice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, A. Ivan","contributorId":295920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ivan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carbognin, Laura","contributorId":295921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbognin","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prince, Keith R. krprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":1413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Keith","email":"krprince@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":850156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barends, Frans B.","contributorId":295922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barends","given":"Frans","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carreon-Freyre, Dora","contributorId":203530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carreon-Freyre","given":"Dora","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36644,"text":"Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gambolati, Giuseppe","contributorId":295923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gambolati","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zanin, Jane Frankenfield","contributorId":295924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zanin","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"Frankenfield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70168807,"text":"70168807 - 2010 - The carbon budget of the northern cryosphere region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T10:29:47","indexId":"70168807","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5061,"text":"Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The carbon budget of the northern cryosphere region","docAbstract":"The northern cryosphere is undergoing substantial warming of permafrost and loss of sea ice. Release of stored carbon to the atmosphere in response to this change has the potential to affect the global climate system. Studies indicate that the northern cryosphere has been not only a substantial sink for atmospheric CO2 in recent decades, but also an important source of CH4 because of emissions from wetlands and lakes. Analyses suggest that the sensitivity of the carbon cycle of the region over the 21st Century is potentially large, but highly uncertain because numerous pathways of response will be affected by warming. Further research should focus on sensitive elements of the carbon cycle such as the consequences of increased fire disturbance, permafrost degradation, and sea ice loss in the northern cryosphere region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.cosust.2010.05.003","usgsCitation":"McGuire, A.D., Macdonald, R.W., Schuur, E.A., Harden, J.W., Kuhry, P., Hayes, D.J., Christensen, T.R., and Heimann, M., 2010, The carbon budget of the northern cryosphere region: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, v. 2, no. 4, p. 231-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2010.05.003.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021220","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Northern cryosphere region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -343.828125,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -343.828125,\n 85.02070774312594\n ],\n [\n 41.1328125,\n 85.02070774312594\n ],\n [\n 41.1328125,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -343.828125,\n 61.10078883158897\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913ece4b07657d19ff298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macdonald, Robie W.","contributorId":167171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macdonald","given":"Robie","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuur, Edward A.G.","contributorId":50026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuhry, Peter","contributorId":9513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhry","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, Daniel J.","contributorId":100237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christensen, Torben R.","contributorId":11946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Torben","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heimann, Martin","contributorId":76497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70043491,"text":"70043491 - 2010 - Lessons from (triggered) tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T13:50:06","indexId":"70043491","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T13:43:42","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lessons from (triggered) tremor","docAbstract":"I test a “clock-advance” model that implies triggered tremor is ambient tremor that occurs at a sped-up rate as a result of loading from passing seismic waves. This proposed model predicts that triggering probability is proportional to the product of the ambient tremor rate and a function describing the efficacy of the triggering wave to initiate a tremor event. Using data mostly from Cascadia, I have compared qualitatively a suite of teleseismic waves that did and did not trigger tremor with ambient tremor rates. Many of the observations are consistent with the model if the efficacy of the triggering wave depends on wave amplitude. One triggered tremor observation clearly violates the clock-advance model. The model prediction that larger triggering waves result in larger triggered tremor signals also appears inconsistent with the measurements. I conclude that the tremor source process is a more complex system than that described by the clock-advance model predictions tested. Results of this and previous studies also demonstrate that (1) conditions suitable for tremor generation exist in many tectonic environments, but, within each, only occur at particular spots whose locations change with time; (2) any fluid flow must be restricted to less than a meter; (3) the degree to which delayed failure and secondary triggering occurs is likely insignificant; and 4) both shear and dilatational deformations may trigger tremor. Triggered and ambient tremor rates correlate more strongly with stress than stressing rate, suggesting tremor sources result from time-dependent weakening processes rather than simple Coulomb failure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009JB007011","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., 2010, Lessons from (triggered) tremor: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B10, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB007011.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-013904","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb007011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286206,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JB007011"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -129.2,45.39 ], [ -129.2,51.07 ], [ -116.92,51.07 ], [ -116.92,45.39 ], [ -129.2,45.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594aae4b0120853e8c04d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, Joan","contributorId":77919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200862,"text":"70200862 - 2010 - Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary analysis of one Mars year of HiRISE observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T15:42:13.155534","indexId":"70200862","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T13:32:14","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary analysis of one Mars year of HiRISE observations","docAbstract":"We provide an overview of features indicative of the interaction between water and lava and/or magma on Mars as seen by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera during the Primary Science Phase of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) mission. The ability to confidently resolve meter-scale features from orbit has been extremely useful in the study of the most pristine examples. In particular, HiRISE has allowed the documentation of previously undescribed features associated with phreatovolcanic cones (formed by the interaction of lava and groundwater) on rapidly emplaced flood lavas. These include \"moats\" and \"wakes\" that indicate that the lava crust was thin and mobile, respectively [Jaeger, W.L., Keszthelyi, L.P., McEwen, A.S., Dundas, C.M., Russel, P.S., 2007. Science 317, 1709-1711]. HiRISE has also discovered entablature-style jointing in lavas that is indicative of water-cooling [Milazzo, M.P., Keszthelyi, L.P., Jaeger, W.L., Rosiek, M., Mattson, S., Verba, C., Beyer, R.A., Geissler, P.E., McEwen, A.S., and the HiRISE Team, 2009. Geology 37, 171-174]. Other observations strongly support the idea of extensive volcanic mudflows (lahars). Evidence for other forms of hydrovolcanism, including glaciovolcanic interactions, is more equivocal. This is largely because most older and high-latitude terrains have been extensively modified, masking any earlier 1-10 m scale features. Much like terrestrial fieldwork, the prerequisite for making full use of HiRISE's capabilities is finding good outcrops.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.020","usgsCitation":"Keszthelyi, L., Jaeger, W.L., Dundas, C.M., Martinez-Alonso, S., McEwen, A.S., and Milazzo, M.P., 2010, Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary analysis of one Mars year of HiRISE observations: Icarus, v. 205, no. 1, p. 211-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.020.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"205","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5be40824e4b0b3fc5cf7cc10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez-Alonso, Sara","contributorId":73023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez-Alonso","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}