Stream temperature controls a variety of physical and biological processes that affect ecosystems, human health, and economic activities. We used 42 years (1979–2021) of data to predict daily summary statistics of stream temperature across >50,000 stream reaches in the contiguous United States using a recurrent graph convolution network. We comprehensively documented the performance – both across all reaches and by stream type (e.g., reservoir or groundwater influence) – as a baseline for future improvement. The model showed reach-level RMSE of <2 °C with 90 % prediction intervals that contain 90.7 % of observations. We also assessed how the model captured variability in ecologically relevant metrics (e.g., R2 for annual 7-day maximum = 0.76; R2 for days exceeding 25 °C = 0.75). This model does not outperform state-of-the-art machine learning efforts (e.g., RMSE ≤1.5 °C) due to a limited input set but does provide the most spatially complete modeling to date to support water availability assessments.
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Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K. 0000-0001-5668-1165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-1165","contributorId":211886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorski, Galen 0000-0003-0083-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-4251","contributorId":329714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorski","given":"Galen","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70271129,"text":"70271129 - 2025 - Avian influenza spillover into poultry: Environmental influences and biosecurity protections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T14:54:17.55377","indexId":"70271129","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-19T07:47:16","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22340,"text":"One Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian influenza spillover into poultry: Environmental influences and biosecurity protections","docAbstract":"With the continued spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), understanding the complex dynamics of virus transfer at the wild – agriculture interface is paramount. Spillover events (i.e., virus transfer from wild birds into poultry) are related to proximity to infected wild bird populations and environmental conditions. By accounting for such dynamics, we can take a combined approach to assess the impacts of biosecurity measures implemented at poultry farms while simultaneously accounting for their local risk levels. We implemented a Bayesian joint-likelihood logistic regression for the Continental U.S. comparing models of spatiotemporal risk according to land use, weather, and predicted waterfowl distributions followed by integrating a farm-level case-control questionnaire dataset focused on identifying trends in HPAI spillover risk associated with a farm's biosecurity practices. We found that estimates of waterfowl abundance, along with mean precipitation and temperature during winter, were most correlated with spatiotemporal HPAI risk. Additionally, we identified multiple biosecurity practices associated with reduced risk to HPAI, where the strongest relationships were related to litter decontamination treatments, vehicle wash stations, and avoiding shared dead-bird disposal sites with other farms. This model broadly guides surveillance of HPAI in wild and domestic populations, identifying when and where we are most likely to see increased instances of the virus while also providing insights into how poultry farms can better protect themselves from risk.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101172","usgsCitation":"Gonnerman, M.B., Mullinax, J., Fox, A., Patyk, K.A., Fields, V., McCool, M., Torchetti, M.K., Lantz, K., Sullivan, J.D., and Prosser, D.J., 2025, Avian influenza spillover into poultry: Environmental influences and biosecurity protections: One Health, v. 21, 101172, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101172.","productDescription":"101172, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-178496","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101172","text":"Publisher Index 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Resource managers need to understand stream and river condition and how these conditions are changing over time to determine whether regional long-term restoration and conservation goals are being met. The objective of this report was to document the spatial and temporal variability of conditions for seven indicators of river and stream health across the nontidal Chesapeake Bay watershed. The framework for the U.S. Geological Survey’s Nontidal Network (NTN), a network of more than 100 nutrient and suspended sediment monitoring locations, was extended to assess conditions for six additional indicators of stream health: temperature, salinity, toxic contaminants, streamflow, hydromorphology, and biological aquatic communities. For each indicator, the latest available data from multiple sources were compiled and harmonized, and key metrics were identified to describe indicator conditions across space and time. A status condition was defined for each indicator to describe overall spatial variability in recent condition, and trend analyses were used to describe changes in each indicator metric over time. The analysis revealed clear differences in spatial and temporal data coverage across the seven indicators, so individual indicator trend analyses were not constrained to a common time interval. However, a status snapshot was conducted across all indicators for the 2015–17 period to simultaneously explore spatial variability across all indicators. The status snapshot highlighted general degraded conditions across multiple indicators in large metropolitan regions, such as the Baltimore–Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. Regression analysis between indicator status metrics and major land cover for the sites suggest urbanization as a potential driver of degraded conditions for many of the indicator metrics, including total phosphorus, salinity, temperature, high-flow frequency, and metrics of habitat and biological assemblage quality. A final analysis exploring the spatial representation of each indicator network showed that some indicator monitoring networks did not cover certain settings, such as small watersheds. These results provided an initial assessment of stream health status and trends and will continue to be leveraged to describe conditions across the Chesapeake Bay watershed to help inform local and regional management decisions. These results also highlighted the need for improved coordination among monitoring organizations to support long-term multi-indicator monitoring and assessment.
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U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, Virginia 23228
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) persistently threaten wild waterfowl, domestic poultry, and public health. The East Asian–Australasian Flyway plays a crucial role in HPAIV dynamics due to its large populations of migratory waterfowl and poultry. Over recent decades, this flyway has undergone substantial landscape changes, including both losses and gains of waterfowl habitats. These changes can affect waterfowl distributions, increase contact with poultry, and consequently alter ecological conditions that favor avian influenza virus (AIV) evolution. However, limited research has assessed these likely impacts. Here, we integrated empirical data and an individual-based model to simulate AIV transmission in migratory waterfowl and domestic poultry, including wild-to-poultry spillover and reassortment dynamics in poultry, across landscapes representing the years 2000 and 2015. We used the reassortment incidence as a proxy for ecological and transmission conditions that support viral diversification and the emergence of novel subtypes. Our simulations show that landscape change reshaped the waterfowl distribution, facilitated bird aggregation at improved habitats, increased coinfection, and raised reassortment rate by 1,593%, indicating a substantially higher potential for viral diversification and emergence. Model-generated risk maps show expanded and increased reassortment risk in southeastern China, the Yellow River Basin, and northeastern China. These findings suggest the importance of landscape change as a driver of potential AIV diversification and subtype emergence. This underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches that integrate landscape dynamics, host movement, and viral evolution to better assess and mitigate future risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2503427122","usgsCitation":"Yin, S., Zhang, C., Teitelbaum, C.S., Si, Y., Zhang, G., Wang, X., Mao, D., Huangh, Z.Y., de Boer, W.F., Takekawa, J., Prosser, D.J., and Xiao, X., 2025, Landscape changes elevate the risk of avian influenza virus diversification and emergence in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 122, no. 34, e2503427122, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2503427122.","productDescription":"e2503427122, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176107","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2503427122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, Korea, Mongolia, Russia","otherGeospatial":"East Asian–Australasian Flyway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 75,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 175,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 175,\n 75\n ],\n [\n 75,\n 75\n ],\n [\n 75,\n 20\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Shenglai","contributorId":223544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"Shenglai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Chenchen","contributorId":360042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Chenchen","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teitelbaum, Claire Stewart 0000-0001-5646-3184","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-3184","contributorId":295336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teitelbaum","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"Stewart","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Si, Yali","contributorId":223542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Si","given":"Yali","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40738,"text":"Tsinghua University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Geli","contributorId":206235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Geli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":946710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Xinxin","contributorId":304701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xinxin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mao, Dehua","contributorId":360045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mao","given":"Dehua","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Huangh, Zheng Y.X.","contributorId":360047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huangh","given":"Zheng","middleInitial":"Y.X.","affiliations":[{"id":79946,"text":"Nanjing Forestry University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"de Boer, Willem Frederik","contributorId":360049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Boer","given":"Willem","middleInitial":"Frederik","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Takekawa, John","contributorId":330942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":32931,"text":"USGS - 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Increasing recognition of the importance of the human dimensions of the harvest process, particularly those related to hunters, has motivated calls for the integration of social objectives into waterfowl conservation programs and decision making. We introduce a framework for modeling the dynamics of hunter populations and behavior alongside those of waterfowl populations. Using Bayesian estimation, we fit a dynamic state space model to observational data from the Mid-Continent mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) system over a 20-year period and estimated parameter values for the relative effects of a set of hypothesized drivers of hunter recruitment, retention, reactivation, participation, and success rates. We then made projections across 3 future scenarios to examine the continuation of current trends, the potential effects of a shift to a moderate regulatory framework as informed by expert elicitation, and increased hunter recruitment to maintain a stable hunter population. We found that a theoretical stable state exists for Mid-Continent mallard and hunter populations but that the influence of broader sociocultural shifts and increasing hunter mortality from an aging base pose significant challenges for efforts to stabilize the ongoing decline of active hunter numbers, even under favorable regulatory conditions. This modeling framework and results from it can be used to inform decision processes in the management of game populations that seek to include social objectives and assess the potential trade-offs of prioritizing across social and ecological objectives. We emphasize the need for focused human dimensions expertise throughout the process of fully integrating goals for waterfowl populations, habitats, and people in waterfowl conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70084","usgsCitation":"Berl, R.E., Devers, P.K., Boomer, G.S., and Runge, M., 2025, Integrating hunter dynamics and waterfowl dynamics to inform harvest management: Journal of Wildlife Management, no. Online First, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.70084.","ipdsId":"IP-177503","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.70084","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berl, Richard Eugene Waggaman 0000-0002-4154-1319","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-1319","contributorId":336851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berl","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene Waggaman","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devers, Patrick K. 0000-0002-5281-6875","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-6875","contributorId":359900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devers","given":"Patrick","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boomer, G. Scott 0000-0001-5854-3604","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-3604","contributorId":261408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boomer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7199,"text":"US FWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":946390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":214737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70272650,"text":"70272650 - 2025 - Economic costs of invasive carps in the United States: Case study and management implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-03T15:39:53.981745","indexId":"70272650","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-16T09:43:32","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic costs of invasive carps in the United States: Case study and management implications","docAbstract":"Biological invasions can have far-reaching impacts and incur enormous monetary costs. Economic considerations play an important role in management decision-making. We used the invasion of U.S. waterways by silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (H. nobilis) carp as a case study of the costs of aquatic invasive species. Although these carps are well-known invaders, published reports on their economic costs are lacking. Our study included market values for commercial fisheries, non-market values for recreational fisheries, and management costs. Our results showed that by 2020, U.S. federal and state agencies had spent nearly $592 million in cumulative management costs. A difference-in-difference model testing for the effect of invasive carp on commercial harvest in invaded versus uninvaded reaches of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers showed no statistical significance. A benefit transfer analysis of invasion effects on total economic value of recreational fishing, an important ecosystem service, in a heavily invaded section of the Illinois River estimated a total loss of more than $10 million over 10 years. While there are other known impacts on ecosystem services, including alteration of aquatic food webs, plankton communities, and native fish communities, these could not be quantified in economic terms in our analysis.
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W.","contributorId":363146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snapp","given":"Joseph","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37487,"text":"formerly USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huber, Christopher","contributorId":363148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":86628,"text":"NPS, formerly USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caudill, James","contributorId":363149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caudill","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grigelis, Peter E.","contributorId":363150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grigelis","given":"Peter","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70270821,"text":"70270821 - 2025 - Evaluating the performance of multiple precipitation datasets over the transboundary Ili River Basin between China and Kazakhstan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T15:21:07.451208","indexId":"70270821","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-16T08:15:07","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3504,"text":"Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the performance of multiple precipitation datasets over the transboundary Ili River Basin between China and Kazakhstan","docAbstract":"The Ili River Basin is characterized by complex topography and diverse climatic zones with limited in situ observations. This study evaluates the performance of six widely used precipitation datasets, CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data), ERA5_Land (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts—ECMWF Reanalysis 5_Land), GPCC (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre), IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM), PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks), and TerraClimate, against ground-based data from 2001 to 2023. The evaluation is conducted across multiple spatial scales and temporal resolutions. At the basin scale, most datasets exhibit strong correlations with in situ observations across all temporal scales (r > 0.7), except for PERSIANN, which demonstrates a relatively weaker performance during summer and winter (r < 0.6). All datasets except ERA5_ Land show low annual and monthly bias (<5%), although larger errors are observed during summer, particularly for IMERG and PERSIANN. Dataset performance generally declines with increasing elevation. Basin-wide gridded evaluations reveal distinct spatial variations across all elevation zones, with CHIRPS showing the strongest ability to capture orographic precipitation gradients throughout the basin. All datasets correctly identified 2008 as a drought year and 2016 as a wet year, even though the magnitude and spatial resolution of the anomalies varied among them. These findings highlight the importance of selecting precipitation datasets that are suited to the complex topographic and climatic characteristics of transboundary basins. Our study provides valuable insights for improving hydrological modeling and can be used for water sustainability and flood–drought mitigation support activities in the Ili River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/su17167418","usgsCitation":"Duisebek, B., Senay, G., Ojima, D.S., Zhang, T., Sagin, J., and Wang, X., 2025, Evaluating the performance of multiple precipitation datasets over the transboundary Ili River Basin between China and Kazakhstan: Sustainability, v. 17, no. 16, 7418, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167418.","productDescription":"7418, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-181853","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167418","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, Kazakhstan","otherGeospatial":"Ili River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 46.71910209135149,\n 50.09770097338648\n ],\n [\n 46.71910209135149,\n 44.15010644271524\n ],\n [\n 84.48446379774907,\n 44.15010644271524\n ],\n [\n 84.48446379774907,\n 50.09770097338648\n ],\n [\n 46.71910209135149,\n 50.09770097338648\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duisebek, Baktybek","contributorId":360498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duisebek","given":"Baktybek","affiliations":[{"id":86016,"text":"Kazakh British Technical University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ojima, Dennis S.","contributorId":208511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ojima","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37812,"text":"Colorado State University; North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Tibin","contributorId":360499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tibin","affiliations":[{"id":86019,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sagin, Janay","contributorId":360500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sagin","given":"Janay","affiliations":[{"id":86016,"text":"Kazakh British Technical University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Xuejiao","contributorId":271179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xuejiao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12433,"text":"China University of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70270388,"text":"70270388 - 2025 - Relationships between water quality, stream metabolism, and water stargrass growth in the lower Yakima River, 2018 to 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-18T13:32:56.593268","indexId":"70270388","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-15T08:30:05","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":27,"text":"Preprint"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":32,"text":"Preprint"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18346,"text":"EarthArXiv","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":32}},"title":"Relationships between water quality, stream metabolism, and water stargrass growth in the lower Yakima River, 2018 to 2020","docAbstract":"Since the early 2000s, water clarity on the lower Yakima River has improved. Changes in best management practices combined with a total maximum daily load for suspended sediment led to these improved conditions. As water clarity improved, so did conditions for aquatic plants; the clearer the water, the better the light penetration, and dramatic increases in plant biomass were observed. In the lower Yakima River, beds of native water stargrass (grass-leaf mud-plantain, Heteranthera dubia) are prolific and can extend bank to bank in some locations. Increased primary productivity can alter local water quality by increasing daily swings of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH from photosynthesis. In this study, we collected continuous water quality data for 2.5 years at three sites on the lower Yakima River to provide a detailed examination of water quality conditions. These sites were located just below the Prosser Dam (Prosser site, USGS station 12509489), at a long-term USGS streamgage in Benton County (Kiona site, USGS station 12510500), and in West Richland, WA (Van Giesen site; USGS station 12511800). In addition to the continuous water quality data collected, estimates of water stargrass biomass were made through the growing season (June through September) during water years 2018–2020. The main objectives of this study were to document water quality conditions on the lower Yakima River and to analyze if there was a statistical relation between the amount of water stargrass biomass and the observed daily cycles of water quality.
During summer, frequent exceedances of established water quality criteria were documented each year during this study. Maximum daily temperatures exceeded 21o C, minimum DO concentrations were below 8 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and maximum pH surpassed 8.5 almost every day from June through August each water year across all three monitoring locations. Water stargrass biomass tended to increase from June through August and September but was ‘reset’ by the following summer likely from high winter and spring streamflows and natural die-off. Results from this study suggest that spring peak discharge and average spring discharge affects late-season water stargrass biomass. In 2018, the highest peak discharge of the study took place, and the August water stargrass biomass values were lower in 2018 than in 2019 and 2020.
Seven different water quality metrics were computed for a 7-day and 28-day period prior to each water stargrass sample to examine possible correlations between the plant biomass and water quality. We examined daily maximum temperature, DO minimum, DO range, pH maximum, pH range, mean nitrate, and nitrate range. While there were some statistically significant correlations among the seven water quality metrics and median water stargrass biomass, the correlations were not consistent across all three sites. At the Prosser site, the 7-day average daily maximum pH and average daily pH range showed significant correlations with median water stargrass biomass. At the Kiona site, both the 7-day and 28-day mean nitrate values showed a significant relationship to median water stargrass biomass. At the Van Giesen site, there were no significant correlations between the seven water quality metrics and median water stargrass biomass. However, whole-stream estimates of gross primary productivity at the Kiona site, which incorporate the entire river community, were related to temperature, DO, and pH indicating the whole river community is influencing surface water quality to some extent.
Additional data on water stargrass biomass and continuous water quality could help elucidate the complex interactions between growth and water quality. At a minimum, collection of water stargrass biomass data near the end of the growing season (mid to late August) could be added to locations where continuous water quality and streamflow discharge measurements are also being collected. In addition, experimental removal of water stargrass and its effects on local water quality could provide insight into the complex relationships between water stargrass growth and water quality. Finally, further investigations into streamflow and its effects on water stargrass could be improved. Our data showed a qualitative relationship between spring peak discharge, average spring discharge, and August water stargrass biomass, but more data are needed to confirm this. If spring high streamflows are important for late-season biomass, then targeted flow releases from reservoirs in the upper watershed could be used to slow down water stargrass growth during summer months.
Evapotranspiration (ET), the combined process of evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and transpiration from plant tissue, plays a pivotal role in the global water and energy balance. Accurately quantifying ET at various spatial scales is important for diverse applications, including irrigation and natural resource management. While efforts to standardize ET methodology have progressed over the last few decades, some confusion and disagreements in terminology persist among communities of researchers and practitioners involved in the measurement, estimation, and simulation of ET. This technical note addresses the historical evolution and standardization of ET terminology, aiming to reduce and mitigate disparities in definitions and usage by advocating for standardized definitions and emphasizing the adoption of reference ET (ETref) terminology to promote consistency and accuracy and to avoid ambiguity. This document provides comprehensive definitions of key terms, including crop (i.e., vegetation cover) coefficients, consumptive use (CU), actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa), and ETref variants for short (grass, ETo) and tall (alfalfa, ETr) reference crops. Practical discussion on several relevant topics is given: (1) single and dual crop coefficient approaches, (2) applications to nonagricultural vegetation, (3) recommended subscripts for terms, (4) practical guidelines and considerations for ETref calculation, (5) encouragement to replace “potential ET” terminology with better terms, (6) clarification on maximum ET (ETmax) and maximum crop coefficient (Kc max) terms, (7) ET products derived from remote sensing, (8) a brief description of the role of ET in water rights, and (9) a figure illustrating the use of the terms defined herein. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of consistent terminology for effective communication among researchers and end-users, which will facilitate the adoption of standardized ET methods and technologies. This technical note was created by the American Society of Civil Engineers, Environmental and Water Resources Institute (ASCE-EWRI), Evapotranspiration in Irrigation and Hydrology Committee, with input and endorsement from other relevant organizations in the United States and internationally. This note serves as a comprehensive reference guide for ET practitioners and researchers.
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Recent restoration efforts, including dam removals, have improved connectivity in the lower reaches of the Penobscot River. Characterizing the extent of the American eel's distribution is important to inform restoration and identify extant barriers to migrations within the watershed. In the summer of 2023, we conducted eDNA surveys throughout the Penobscot River watershed to estimate the current distribution of the American eel and identify barriers to inland waters. Water samples were collected from 70 sites representing 37 rivers and streams; the presence or absence of American eel genetic markers within those samples was assessed using qPCR. We have shown that American eel are present in virtually the full extent of the area surveyed (68/70 sites). The results suggest that the majority of the main-stem dams may be passed by American eels at some level, with eel DNA being confirmed upstream of six dams. 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0000-0001-6561-3244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6561-3244","contributorId":359618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crane","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":85882,"text":"Jonah Ventures","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":4187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70271256,"text":"70271256 - 2025 - Increased soil greenhouse gas emissions from the combined use of cover crops and no‐tillage in producer‐ managed fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-03T15:43:33.763306","indexId":"70271256","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-13T08:38:18","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5053,"text":"Earth's Future","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased soil greenhouse gas emissions from the combined use of cover crops and no‐tillage in producer‐ managed fields","docAbstract":"Cover crop adoption offers multiple benefits and climate mitigation potential for agroecosystems, but is still an underutilized conservation practice. Recently, the combined use of cover cropping plus no-tillage (CCNT) has been increasingly promoted to achieve its synergistic effectiveness. Yet, how this combined practice affects soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emission remains a topic of debate. Existing studies are predominantly based on research-managed settings and often fail to assess all three major GHGs of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). To address these knowledge gaps, this study conducted a 30-month monitoring from producer-managed fields to quantify the soil greenhouse gas responses to CCNT compared to no-tillage (NT) alone. The findings showed that CCNT increased the soil global warming potential (GWP) by 15.2% relative to NT. CO2 is the main contributor, accounting for over 91.7% of the total GWP. On average, the daily fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 were increased by 16.2%, 32.3%, and 55.6% under CCNT, respectively. Meteorological variables explained 85.3% of the CO2 increase and 46.1% of the N2O increase associated with CCNT. Furthermore, two types of CCNT practices differed in GHG emission responses, though both strategies significantly reduced nitrogen losses. These quantitative results, derived from actual production systems, provide informed decision-making among local producers regarding the adoption of cover crops. Moreover, this field-based evidence offers a robust empirical foundation for future modeling efforts aimed at assessing the ecological benefits of cover crops under varying climatic and soil conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025EF006009","usgsCitation":"Peng, Y., Jacinthe, P., Dobrowolski, E.G., and Wang, L., 2025, Increased soil greenhouse gas emissions from the combined use of cover crops and no‐tillage in producer‐ managed fields: Earth's Future, v. 13, no. 8, e2025EF006009, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF006009.","productDescription":"e2025EF006009, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174880","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Fort Wayne","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.34304616732317,\n 41.22935710388364\n ],\n [\n -85.34304616732317,\n 40.99002813942323\n ],\n [\n -84.942455802017,\n 40.99002813942323\n ],\n [\n -84.942455802017,\n 41.22935710388364\n ],\n [\n -85.34304616732317,\n 41.22935710388364\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, Yu 0000-0003-0043-9075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-9075","contributorId":360866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"Yu","affiliations":[{"id":86113,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre 0000-0002-2598-7169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-7169","contributorId":360867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacinthe","given":"Pierre-Andre","affiliations":[{"id":86113,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobrowolski, Edward G. 0000-0001-9840-4609 edobrowo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9840-4609","contributorId":5555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobrowolski","given":"Edward","email":"edobrowo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Lixin","contributorId":300466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Lixin","affiliations":[{"id":65165,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70271133,"text":"70271133 - 2025 - Effects of climate on temporal variability in streamflow and salinity in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T15:27:40.790329","indexId":"70271133","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-12T10:22:02","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climate on temporal variability in streamflow and salinity in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"In 2021, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published Circular 1490 titled, “Integrated Science for the Study of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Environment: A Strategic Science Vision for the U.S. Geological Survey” (Tokranov and others, 2021). Circular 1490 was created to be a resource for USGS scientists prioritizing and planning research related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and to be a guide for developing partnerships with other scientists, State and Federal agencies, and stakeholders engaged in PFAS research and management and mitigation of the environmental and human-health effects of PFAS. This USGS PFAS Strategic Science Vision document was intended to be the foundation for a “living strategic vision,” periodically providing updates on the state of USGS PFAS research, emerging PFAS data gaps and needs, and progress on interagency and stakeholder PFAS partnerships and priorities. To meet this objective, the USGS planned to host an Interagency and Stakeholder PFAS Workshop every 2–3 years.
During September 10–12, 2024, the USGS hosted the first Interagency and Stakeholder PFAS Workshop in Reston, Virginia. The Workshop brought together experts from other Federal agencies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Defense [Air Force, Army]), State agencies (Washington Fish and Wildlife, Virginia Department of Transportation), and academia (Harvard University, University of Maryland) to address key challenges relating to the measurement and modeling of PFAS and the implications for environmental health. Participants engaged in in-depth discussions centered around six pivotal topics related to PFAS: (1) sampling protocols, methods and interpretation; (2) environmental sources, source apportionment, and occurrence; (3) environmental fate and transport; (4) human and wildlife exposure routes and risk; (5) bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification; and (6) ecotoxicology and effects. Each topic had three breakout sessions.
A recurrent theme of workshop discussions was how data on a nationwide scale for PFAS occurrence in various environmental matrices, including air, water, food crops, biota, soil, and streambed sediment could help to advance scientific understanding. Participants noted significant geospatial data gaps, particularly in the midwestern and southern United States and the Pacific Northwest. PFAS data collection tends to be more robust along the eastern seaboard and in California.
Participants stressed how enhancing the integration of large and small datasets across various agencies could help to support national scale understanding of PFAS. To address these gaps, attendees suggested leveraging datasets from Federal entities like the USGS and the U.S. Department of Defense, State agencies, and municipal utility services to develop predictive contaminant detection and transport models. Improved coordination between water quality programs and USGS research could help to facilitate access to valuable data, leading to comprehensive databases that inform PFAS point (wastewater treatment plants and landfills) and nonpoint (runoff from land, atmospheric deposition, food packaging) sources, environmental transport mechanisms, environmental detection and concentrations, potential exposure routes, and health effects on different biota, including humans. A specific request was made to develop a map demarking the depth of modern (1953 or later) groundwater, which is susceptible to surface-derived anthropogenic (that is, human-made) contamination, based on tritium-age dating. Emphasis was placed on incorporation of hydrology, groundwater flow paths, groundwater–surface water interactions, and landscape factors in predictive statistical models as a step to improve contaminant source identification and tracking.
Molecular fingerprinting approaches garnered attention as techniques to link specific PFAS mixtures detected in a sample to environmental sources and levels in biota (Dávila-Santiago and others, 2022). Integrating data from abiotic (that is, water, soil, and air) and biotic (that is, living organisms) systems identified as a research opportunity. For example, understanding the composition of soils and sediments, which include a mixture of mineral, plant, and animal components, could advance understanding of exposure pathways.
The discussions highlighted opportunities to explore and understand the potential redistribution and biotic exposures of PFAS from biosolid and wastewater treatment plant effluent land application practices, in addition to atmospheric releases and discharges from landfill and wastewater treatment plants. Participants identified research gaps surrounding how these sources may contribute to contamination and may affect surrounding ecosystems, including a better definition of anthropogenic background concentrations.
Moving forward, the collection of co-occurrence data was noted as a means to improve understanding of complex mixtures and to leverage companion modeling efforts focused on areas with high and low contamination levels to identify areas of concern and unaffected resources. Participants emphasized how centralized USGS databases and the establishment of sample-metadata archives can help to ensure that samples are preserved and accessible for future research.
In conclusion, the workshop participants identified opportunities to bridge data gaps and improve measurement techniques, modeling frameworks, databases, and communication, to enhance the understanding of PFAS and their effects on environmental and human health. Upon completion of the workshop, participants indicated an interest in developing strategic data collection, modeling, and analytical approaches to address these challenges.
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Network for surface water (NWQN-SW) was established in 2013 to develop long-term, comparable assessments of surface-water quality in support of national, regional, State, and local needs related to water-quality management and policy. Water-quality samples are collected at each site and measured for a variety of constituents. In 2024, the NWQN-SW consisted of 105 sites, each of them paired with a streamgage, operated by the USGS or other agencies that provide continuous information on streamflow conditions. The water-quality data and the streamflow information from the NWQN-SW are then used to assess the status and trends of water-quality conditions and potential impacts on human and aquatic health.
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Observing Systems Division
Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Freshwater salinization is a major concern in temperate climates where road salt is used as a deicer to manage snow and ice on roadways. In urban and suburban areas, wastewater, weathering of infrastructure, and salting on parking lots and sidewalks can also contribute to salt contamination, but little is known about how well these sources explain variation in stream conductivity and what factors may mitigate high conductivity in streams. We collected specific conductance samples seasonally over 1 y at 100 stream sites in the greater Boston (Massachusetts, USA) metropolitan area, which reflected a gradient of land use/cover and sociodemographic variables. We also continuously monitored specific conductance over 1 y (November 2021–December 2022) at 3 streams with different levels of impervious cover. Baseflow conductivity from grab samples was best explained by % impervious cover (positive relationship) and season (highest median conductivity in summer and early autumn) (r2 = 0.47, p < 0.001). At high impervious cover, watersheds with higher housing vacancy had lower conductivity, suggesting that resident salting behavior may affect conductivity. Continuous conductivity varied with discharge, with spikes in conductivity coincident with increases in discharge in the winter, likely due to the influx of road salt into waterways. In the summer, higher discharge was linked with sharp decreases in conductivity, suggesting that storm flows dilute high baseflow conductivity, although combined sewer overflows caused secondary conductivity pulses. Overall, conductivity was highest during winter storm pulses, but elevated conductivity levels persisted throughout the year, especially in more impervious watersheds. Our research suggests that reduced salt application and street sweeping may reduce conductivity but will not prevent continued salinization. Temporal patterns of conductivity highlight the importance of seasonal road-salt application (winter), seasonal climate (low-flow summers), and precipitation (storm events, droughts) in influencing stream conductivity and can guide monitoring design, policymaking, and management decisions under climate uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/737201","usgsCitation":"Roy, A.H., Quick, A., Hale, R., Hopkins, K.G., and Soucie, J.S., 2025, Salting behaviors influence urban stream conductivity in Boston, Massachusetts (USA): Freshwater Science, v. 44, no. 4, p. 507-526, https://doi.org/10.1086/737201.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"526","ipdsId":"IP-167468","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Boston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.23952903792656,\n 42.495767825431074\n ],\n [\n -71.23952903792656,\n 42.21991554734396\n ],\n [\n -70.96962896894124,\n 42.21991554734396\n ],\n [\n -70.96962896894124,\n 42.495767825431074\n ],\n [\n -71.23952903792656,\n 42.495767825431074\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, Annika","contributorId":343809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quick","given":"Annika","affiliations":[{"id":82199,"text":"Virginia Wesleyan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hale, Rebecca L.","contributorId":359466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hale","given":"Rebecca L.","affiliations":[{"id":13510,"text":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopkins, Kristina G. 0000-0003-1699-9384 khopkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-9384","contributorId":195604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Kristina","email":"khopkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soucie, Jack S.","contributorId":362384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soucie","given":"Jack","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273504,"text":"70273504 - 2025 - Interacting sea-level rise, sea-ice loss, storm flooding, erosion, and permafrost thaw threaten ecosystems, wildlife, and communities on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-20T15:35:56.920306","indexId":"70273504","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-11T08:28:02","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5053,"text":"Earth's Future","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interacting sea-level rise, sea-ice loss, storm flooding, erosion, and permafrost thaw threaten ecosystems, wildlife, and communities on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","docAbstract":"The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta has the largest intertidal wetland in North America, is a globally critical breeding area for waterbirds, and is home to the largest regional indigenous population in the Arctic. Here, coastal tundra ecosystems, wildlife, and indigenous communities are highly vulnerable to sea-ice loss in the Bering Sea, sea-level rise, storm flooding, erosion, and collapsing ground from permafrost thaw caused by climate warming. These drivers interact in non-linear ways to increase flooding, salinization, and sedimentation, and thus, alter ecosystem trajectories and broader landscape evolution. Rapid changes in these factors over decadal time scales are highly likely to cause transformative shifts in coastal ecosystems across roughly 70% of the outer delta this century. We project saline and brackish ecotypes on the active delta floodplain with frequent sedimentation will maintain dynamic equilibrium with sea-level rise and flooding, slightly brackish ecotypes on the inactive floodplain with infrequent flooding and low sedimentation rates will be vulnerable to increased flooding and likely transition to more saline and brackish ecotypes, and fresh lacustrine and lowland ecotypes on the abandoned floodplain with permafrost plateaus will be vulnerable to thermokarst, salinization and flooding that will shift them toward brackish ecosystems. This will greatly affect bird nesting and foraging habitats, with both winners and losers. Already, some Yup'ik communities are facing relocation of their low-lying villages. The societal challenges and consequences of adapting to these changing landscapes are enormous and will require a huge societal effort.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025EF006015","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, M., Sedinger, J.S., Ely, C., Fienup-Riordan, A., Atkinson, D.E., Ayuluk, J., Brown, D., Frost, G.V., Jones, B., Jorgenson, J.C., Keim, F., Loehman, R.A., Macander, M.J., and Rearden, A., 2025, Interacting sea-level rise, sea-ice loss, storm flooding, erosion, and permafrost thaw threaten ecosystems, wildlife, and communities on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: Earth's Future, v. 13, no. 8, e2025EF006015, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF006015.","productDescription":"e2025EF006015, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-166113","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.9866482744992,\n 63.29665571846354\n ],\n [\n -166.51770457973464,\n 61.53563378216066\n ],\n [\n -164.84688730653517,\n 59.64135326765788\n ],\n [\n -162.07840044006488,\n 59.78597415451583\n ],\n [\n -162.333532614425,\n 63.42440571179023\n ],\n [\n -164.9866482744992,\n 63.29665571846354\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, M. 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2025 - Remote sensing of chlorophyll a and temperature to support algal bloom monitoring in Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T13:31:47.444734","indexId":"70270202","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-11T08:26:11","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Remote sensing of chlorophyll a and temperature to support algal bloom monitoring in Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado","title":"Remote sensing of chlorophyll a and temperature to support algal bloom monitoring in Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado","docAbstract":"We present methods to reconstruct historical chlorophyll a and surface water temperatures from satellite-based remote sensing products for Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, to support algal bloom monitoring. A machine learning model was trained to construct chlorophyll a concentrations from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and in situ measurements of chlorophyll a concentrations (out of bag RMSE = 1.9 μg/L, R2 = 0.63) and reconstruct summertime chlorophyll a concentrations over the entire reservoir from 2016 through 2023. Concurrently, we developed an approach to retrieve remotely sensed water temperatures from the Landsat collection 2 provisional surface temperature product (MAE = 0.6°C) and reconstructed summertime surface water temperature records from 2000 through 2023. Finally, we demonstrate how the reconstructed chlorophyll a and temperature records can yield insight on reservoir dynamics. The chlorophyll a records indicate that algal blooms have a consistent spatial pattern across multiple years, initiating in the eastern end of the reservoir and spreading to the west over time. Water temperatures increased at a linearized rate of 0.3°C per decade from 2000 through 2023 and were inversely proportional to reservoir water surface elevation. Finally, mean summer remotely sensed chlorophyll a concentration had a moderately positive correlation with mean summer remotely sensed water temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.70038","usgsCitation":"King, T.V., Bean, R., Walton-Day, K., Mast, M.A., Gohring, E.J., Gidley, R.G., Day, N.K., and Gibney, N., 2025, Remote sensing of chlorophyll a and temperature to support algal bloom monitoring in Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 61, no. 4, e70038, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.70038.","productDescription":"e70038, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157284","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.70038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mesa Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.35295276247045,\n 38.535074315629544\n ],\n [\n -107.35295276247045,\n 38.430806876675575\n ],\n [\n -107.03469816287091,\n 38.430806876675575\n ],\n [\n -107.03469816287091,\n 38.535074315629544\n ],\n [\n -107.35295276247045,\n 38.535074315629544\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Tyler V. 0000-0002-5785-3077","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-3077","contributorId":292424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tyler","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bean, Robert Allen 0000-0001-5940-9757","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-9757","contributorId":344328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bean","given":"Robert Allen","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":336569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M. 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Urban infrastructure and water management alter natural hydrological pathways in developed watersheds, which can violate assumptions of a watershed approach to ecosystem science. We focus on two aspects of urban landscapes that often create challenges to model watershed processes within and among urban areas: (1) accurate delineation of urban flow paths and (2) consistent characterisation of the urban landscape within and among cities. Here, we describe these challenges and identify how certain components of these challenges can be addressed, highlighting examples and lessons learned in a project that is assessing scales and drivers of variability in dissolved organic carbon across five urban centres in the United States. Our goal is to facilitate a dialogue that will advance the applications of watershed approaches in urban ecosystem science by recognising and addressing these challenges. Our examples focus on the United States but could be applicable to similar urban challenges in other locations globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70221","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, K.G., Hale, R., Capps, K., Kominoski, J., Morse, J., Roy, A.H., Blinn, A., Chen, S., Ortiz Muñoz, L., Quick, A., and Rudolph, J., 2025, Overcoming challenges in mapping hydrography and heterogeneity in urban landscapes: Hydrological Processes, v. 39, no. 8, e70221, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70221.","productDescription":"e70221, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177098","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Massachusetts, Utah","city":"Boston, Miami, Salt Lake City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n 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enhance hydrologic models and assessments. The OpenET collaboration of six remotely sensed ET modeling teams has demonstrated that an ensemble approach to ET estimation generally provides improved accuracy relative to individual ensemble members. The performance of individual models has been shown to vary by land cover type and climate zone, but a thorough study of the variables that influence model performance differences has not yet been conducted. In this paper, we model the performance of OpenET models relative to flux tower data as a function of variables such as land cover type and precipitation. These performance models are used to map estimated OpenET model performance across the conterminous United States. We develop relative weights based on these modeled performance metrics and show that a performance-weighted ensemble improves accuracy relative to the current OpenET ensemble method to varying degrees. The monthly mean absolute error of the weighted ensemble is reduced relative to the current method by 8% in agricultural settings, by 23% in shrublands and mixed forests, and by 5% in grasslands and evergreen forests. We produce weight maps that can be used to generate performance-weighted ensemble values for OpenET data. The results can be used to inform model selection and provide insight about the controls on model performance that could lead to model refinement.
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Water use has exceeded supply in USA’s Colorado River basin draining its two largest storage reservoirs (Lake Powell and Lake Mead). In 2022, Lake Powell began releasing water from its lower epilimnion into the Grand Canyon segment of the Colorado River, which (1) increased rates of fish passage from the reservoir through the dam and (2) created river temperatures suitable for establishment of non-native fishes. Subsequently, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) reproduced there for the first time. To assist managers concerned about this invasion, we developed models that (1) predicted propagule pressure at different reservoir elevations and (2) linked reservoir storage/operations, water temperatures, and population dynamics to forecast smallmouth bass population growth potential. Maintaining Lake Powell elevations above 1094 m (3590 ft) would likely minimize propagule pressure from the reservoir and create downstream conditions that minimize smallmouth bass population growth. Dam and reservoir management will likely be less effective for managing smallmouth bass if smallmouth bass become abundant in far downstream reaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2024-0187","usgsCitation":"Eppehimer, D.E., Yackulic, C.B., Bruckerhoff, L.A., Wang, J., Young, K.L., Bestgen, K.R., Mihalevich, B.A., and Schmidt, J.C., 2025, Declining reservoir elevations following a two-decade drought increase water temperatures and non-native fish passage facilitating a downstream invasion: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 82, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2024-0187.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-151886","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppehimer, Drew Elliot 0000-0003-0076-1494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-1494","contributorId":333633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppehimer","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"Elliot","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruckerhoff, Lindsey Ann 0000-0002-9523-4808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-4808","contributorId":292594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruckerhoff","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Jianghao","contributorId":195004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jianghao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":893444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Kirk L.","contributorId":204247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bestgen, Kevin R. 0000-0001-8691-2227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-2227","contributorId":171573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestgen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mihalevich, Bryce Anthony 0000-0001-5492-221X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-221X","contributorId":304586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihalevich","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"Anthony","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70271392,"text":"70271392 - 2025 - Understanding economic and environmental tradeoffs of bottled water facilities using Structural Topic Modeling and Lexicon-based categorization of public news media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-11T14:51:23.048816","indexId":"70271392","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-08T09:47:27","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10763,"text":"Environmental Research Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding economic and environmental tradeoffs of bottled water facilities using Structural Topic Modeling and Lexicon-based categorization of public news media","docAbstract":"Bottled water facilities exist across the United States (U.S.) in all 50 states and have the potential to affect localities in which they are located. This study aims to understand how water bottling facilities are portrayed in news media in the U.S., focusing on economic and environmental tradeoffs, by using Natural Language Processing techniques, specifically Structural Topic Modeling and Lexicon-based Categorization, across different U.S. states and time periods. Through our stratified analysis, we identified key environmental topics and natural resources, as well as companies attracting media attention in different regions and time periods. Results suggest that: (1) the increase in news media publications were correlated with current events such as drought or the start or change in operations of bottling facilities, and (2) these current events also influenced whether the coverage focused on economic topics or environmental concerns. The balance of water availability and economic development is a theme prevalent among the results of both forms of analysis. This study demonstrates the importance of understanding the unique values of a locality before making decisions that may affect residents.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/adf1e1","usgsCitation":"Chan, A., and Christenson, C., 2025, Understanding economic and environmental tradeoffs of bottled water facilities using Structural Topic Modeling and Lexicon-based categorization of public news media: Environmental Research Communications, v. 7, no. 8, 085003, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adf1e1.","productDescription":"085003, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176981","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adf1e1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chan, Alisha Yee 0000-0001-5652-8013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-8013","contributorId":302874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Alisha Yee","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Catherine 0000-0001-5944-2186 cchristenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-2186","contributorId":200263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Catherine","email":"cchristenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70269892,"text":"sir20255066 - 2025 - Simulated hydrologic responses to proposed wastewater-returnflow scenarios in Falmouth, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T14:28:13.392829","indexId":"sir20255066","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-08T08:55:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5066","displayTitle":"Simulated Hydrologic Responses to Proposed Wastewater-Return-Flow Scenarios in Falmouth, Massachusetts","title":"Simulated hydrologic responses to proposed wastewater-returnflow scenarios in Falmouth, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The Cape Cod aquifer is the sole source of drinking water for communities on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, including the Town of Falmouth, where the aquifer is currently threatened by contamination from septic-system-derived nitrogen. To address this problem, the Town is proposing to sewer areas of Falmouth, treat the wastewater at the Town’s Main Wastewater Treatment Facility (a nitrogen removing/tertiary treatment facility), and discharge the treated wastewater to an ocean outfall pipe in Nantucket Sound.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Town of Falmouth, updated a three-dimensional steady-state groundwater flow model to represent current (defined as 2019–23) average hydrologic conditions and to simulate the long-term average freshwater hydrologic response to two wastewater-return-flow scenarios. Scenario 1 involves the sewering of all properties south of Route 28 in Falmouth, which approximates the Town’s possible sewer expansion over the next 20–30 years. Scenario 2 involves sewering of all properties in Falmouth to demonstrate the maximum potential effect of sewering on the aquifer.
Overall, the simulated hydrologic response of water-table altitudes and streamflow in both scenarios was relatively small compared to fluctuations from natural recharge. In scenario 1, the water-table altitude decreased by about 0.1 feet south of Route 28, where the conversion to municipal sewers removed wastewater-return flow from onsite septic systems. The water-table altitude decreased by about 0.1–0.2 feet over a larger area in Falmouth under town-wide sewering in scenario 2. The greatest decrease in water-table altitude in both scenarios occurred near the Main Wastewater Treatment Facility, with a decrease of about 1.1 feet in scenario 1 and about 1.3 feet in scenario 2.
Simulated decreases in streamflow also were estimated for six selected streams in Falmouth and Mashpee. In both scenarios, the largest simulated decreases in streamflow were at the Coonamessett River, which is the closest stream to the Main Wastewater Treatment Facility. In scenario 1, the average annual decrease in flow at the Coonamessett River was 0.1 cubic feet per second, a 1.1 percent decrease from current (2019–23) conditions. In scenario 2, streamflow at the Coonamessett River decreased by 0.6 cubic feet per second, a 5.4 percent decrease from current (2019–23) conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Falmouth","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, K.M.F., and McCobb, T.D., 2025, Simulated hydrologic responses to proposed wastewater-returnflow scenarios in Falmouth, Massachusetts (ver. 1.1, 2026): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5066, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255066.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 19 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-172502","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501695,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5066/versionHist.txt","size":"694 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":493661,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1O3SSE5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-2005 groundwater flow model used to simulate wastewater-return-flow scenarios in Falmouth, Massachusetts"},{"id":493660,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5066/images/"},{"id":493659,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5066/sir20255066.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5066 XML"},{"id":493658,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255066/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5066 HTML"},{"id":493657,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5066/sir20255066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5066 PDF"},{"id":493656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5066/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Falmouth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.69386874698256,\n 41.790542081897485\n ],\n [\n -70.69386874698256,\n 41.50620936893142\n ],\n [\n -70.2313991423423,\n 41.50620936893142\n ],\n [\n -70.2313991423423,\n 41.790542081897485\n ],\n [\n -70.69386874698256,\n 41.790542081897485\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: August 8, 2025; Version 1.1: April 1, 2026","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
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No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Reptile Conservation Foundation","doi":"10.17161/randa.v32i1.22787","usgsCitation":"Haley, C., Lane, E., Payne, S., Silva, G., Metcalf, M., Romagosa, C., Donmoyer, K., McBride, L.M., Sherburne, S., Kissel, A.M., Yackel Adams, A.A., and Sandfoss, M.R., 2025, Consumption of a non-native Walking Catfish (Clarias batrachus) by a Florida Green Watersnake (Nerodia floridana) in Everglades National Park: Reptiles and Amphibians, v. 32, e22787, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v32i1.22787.","productDescription":"e22787, 2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-169425","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v32i1.22787","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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