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,{"id":31590,"text":"ofr0270 - 2002 - Alaska resource data file: Russian Mission quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T20:19:34.244053","indexId":"ofr0270","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-70","title":"Alaska resource data file: Russian Mission quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0270","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T.L., and Millholland, M., 2002, Alaska resource data file: Russian Mission quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-70, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0270.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493055,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0070/ofr0270.pdf","text":"Report","size":"374 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50926.htm"},{"id":2858,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Russian Mission quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              62\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millholland, M.A.","contributorId":70811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millholland","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31594,"text":"ofr0275 - 2002 - Alaska resource data file: Norton Bay quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T20:00:58.770968","indexId":"ofr0275","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-75","title":"Alaska resource data file: Norton Bay quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0275","usgsCitation":"Dashevsky, S., 2002, Alaska resource data file: Norton Bay quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-75, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0275.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493046,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0075/ofr0275.pdf","text":"Report","size":"191 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389309,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50927.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2861,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Norton Bay quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              65.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              65.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              64\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dashevsky, S.S.","contributorId":81955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dashevsky","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31598,"text":"ofr200296 - 2002 - Principal facts for 463 gravity stations in the vicinity of Tangle Lakes, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T18:32:12.780541","indexId":"ofr200296","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-96","title":"Principal facts for 463 gravity stations in the vicinity of Tangle Lakes, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"During the summer of 2001, a gravity survey was conducted in the vicinity of Tangle Lakes, east-central Alaska. Measurements of 87 gravity stations were made. The Tangle Lakes area is located about 25 km west of Paxson and north of the Denali Highway. The gravity survey is located on the southwest corner of the Mt. Hayes and the northwest corner of the Gulkana 1:250,000 scale USGS topographic maps. The boundaries of the study area are 62 deg 30' to 63 deg 30' N. latitude and 145 deg 30' to 147 deg 00' W. longitude. A map showing the location of the study area is shown in figure 1. One gravity base station was used for control for this survey. This base station, TLIN is located at the Tangle Lakes Inn. The observed gravity of this station was calculated based on multiple ties to base stations ANCU in Anchorage, PALH in Palmer, BD27 in Gulkana, and base stations D42, and D57 along the Denali Highway.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr200296","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., and Glen, J., 2002, Principal facts for 463 gravity stations in the vicinity of Tangle Lakes, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-96, Report: 19 p.; Data Package; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200296.","productDescription":"Report: 19 p.; Data Package; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403422,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51234.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tangle Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              62.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.5,\n              62.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.5,\n              63.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              63.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              62.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668e44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G.","contributorId":45756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31583,"text":"ofr0254 - 2002 - Alaska resource data file: Nulato quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T20:02:29.838903","indexId":"ofr0254","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-54","title":"Alaska resource data file: Nulato quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0254","usgsCitation":"Dashevsky, S., 2002, Alaska resource data file: Nulato quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-54, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0254.","productDescription":"64 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2820,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389280,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50925.htm"},{"id":493047,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0054/ofr0254.pdf","text":"Report","size":"318 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nulato quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              65\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6834c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dashevsky, S.S.","contributorId":81955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dashevsky","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31587,"text":"ofr0262 - 2002 - Fate of carbon in Alaskan Landscapes Project: Database for soils from eddy covariance tower sites, Delta Junction, AK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T23:12:09.952278","indexId":"ofr0262","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-62","title":"Fate of carbon in Alaskan Landscapes Project: Database for soils from eddy covariance tower sites, Delta Junction, AK","docAbstract":"Soils in Alaska, and in high latitude terrestrial ecosystems in general, contain significant amounts of organic carbon, most of which is believed to have accumulated since the start of the Holocene about 10 ky before present. High latitude soils are estimated to contain 30-40% of terrestrial soil carbon (Melillo et al., 1995; McGuire and Hobbie, 1997), or ~ 300-400 Gt C (Gt = 1015 g), which equals about half of the current atmospheric burden of carbon. Boreal forests in particular are estimated to have more soil carbon than any other terrestrial biome (Post et al., 1982; Chapin and Matthews, 1993). The relations among net primary production, soil carbon storage, recurrent fire disturbance, nutrients, the hydrologic cycle, permafrost and geomorphology are poorly understood in boreal forest. Fire disturbance has been suggested to play a key role in the interactions among the complex biogeochemical processes influencing carbon storage in boreal forest soils (Harden et al., 2000; Zhuang et al., 2002). There has been an observed increase in fire disturbance in North American boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forests in recent decades (Murphy et al., 1999; Kasichke et al., 2000), concurrent with increases in Alaskan boreal and arctic surface temperatures and warming of permafrost (Osterkamp and Romanofsky, 1999). Understanding the role of fire in long term carbon storage and how recent changes in fire frequency and severity may influence future high latitude soil carbon pools is necessary for those working to understand or mitigate the effects of global climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0262","usgsCitation":"King, S., Harden, J., Manies, K.L., Munster, J., and White, L.D., 2002, Fate of carbon in Alaskan Landscapes Project: Database for soils from eddy covariance tower sites, Delta Junction, AK: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-62, Report: ii, 18 p.; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0262.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 18 p.; 5 Tables","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0262.jpg"},{"id":410832,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49805.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0062/Delta_Tower_Transects.xls","text":"Delta Tower Transects"},{"id":283399,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0062/pdf/Delta_Tower_Sites.pdf","text":"Delta Tower Sites"},{"id":283401,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0062/Delta_Tower_Physical.xls","text":"Delta Tower Physical"},{"id":283400,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0062/Delta_Tower_Field.xls","text":"Delta Tower Field"},{"id":283402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0062/Delta_Tower_Chemistry.xls","text":"Delta Tower Chemistry"},{"id":2824,"rank":11,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0062/pdf/of02-62.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Delta Junction","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -145.8,\n              63.825\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.8,\n              64.0722\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.2,\n              64.0722\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.2,\n              63.825\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.8,\n              63.825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Stagg","contributorId":79394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Stagg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer","contributorId":46190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munster, Jennie","contributorId":107364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munster","given":"Jennie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, L. 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,{"id":31582,"text":"ofr0247 - 2002 - Alaska resource data file: Port Moller quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T20:11:16.005473","indexId":"ofr0247","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-47","title":"Alaska resource data file: Port Moller quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0247","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 2002, Alaska resource data file: Port Moller quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-47, 236 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0247.","productDescription":"236 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493052,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0047/ofr0247.pdf","text":"Report","size":"857 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2819,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389311,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50924.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Port Moller quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.0,\n              55.00\n            ],\n            [\n              -160,\n              55.00\n            ],\n            [\n              -160,\n              56\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.0,\n              56\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.0,\n              55.00\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, S. H.","contributorId":41861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31597,"text":"ofr0290 - 2002 - Trace, minor and major element data for ground water near Fairbanks, Alaska, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T19:40:47","indexId":"ofr0290","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-90","title":"Trace, minor and major element data for ground water near Fairbanks, Alaska, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0290","usgsCitation":"Mueller, S.H., Goldfarb, R., Farmer, G.L., Sanzolone, R., Adams, M., Theodorakos, P.M., Richmond, S., and McCleskey, R.B., 2002, Trace, minor and major element data for ground water near Fairbanks, Alaska, 1999-2000 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-90, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0290.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2864,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.018798828125,\n              64.77880714659877\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.54638671875,\n              64.77880714659877\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.54638671875,\n              64.88626540914477\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.018798828125,\n              64.88626540914477\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.018798828125,\n              64.77880714659877\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62732f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, S. H.","contributorId":10487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, G. L.","contributorId":97251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanzolone, R.","contributorId":77602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, M.","contributorId":81176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Theodorakos, P. M.","contributorId":12500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Richmond, S.A.","contributorId":59678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":31531,"text":"ofr02119 - 2002 - Frontier areas and resource assessment: Case of the 1002 area of the Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T19:41:58.005022","indexId":"ofr02119","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-119","title":"Frontier areas and resource assessment: Case of the 1002 area of the Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's 1998 assessment of the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge significantly revised previous estimates of the area's petroleum supply potential.  The mean (or expected) value of technically recoverable undiscovered oil for the Study Area (Federal 1002 Area, adjacent State waters, and Native Lands) is estimated at 10.4 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and for the Federal 1002 Area the mean is 7.7 BBO.  Accumulation sizes containing the oil are expected to be sufficiently large to be of economic interest.  At a market price of $21 per barrel, 6 BBO of oil in the Study area is expected to be economic.  The Assessment's methodology, results, and the reasons for the significant change in assessments are reviewed.  In the concluding section, policy issues raised by the assessment are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02119","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Schuenemeyer, J.H., 2002, Frontier areas and resource assessment: Case of the 1002 area of the Alaska North Slope: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-119, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02119.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9155,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405621,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51231.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"1002 area, North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.4167,\n              69.6083\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.0583,\n              69.6083\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.0583,\n              70.1417\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.4167,\n              70.1417\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.4167,\n              69.6083\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b445b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":1809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuenemeyer, John H.","contributorId":54227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159760,"text":"70159760 - 2002 - Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T09:49:58","indexId":"70159760","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined phylogeographic relationships of moose (</span><i>Alces alces</i><span>) worldwide to test the proposed existence of two geographic races and to infer the timing and extent of demographic processes underpinning the expansion of this species across the Northern Hemisphere in the late Pleistocene. Sequence variation within the left hypervariable domain of the control region occurred at low or moderate levels worldwide and was structured geographically. Partitioning of genetic variance among regions indicated that isolation by distance was the primary agent for differentiation of moose populations but does not support the existence of distinct eastern and western races. Levels of genetic variation and structure of phylogenetic trees identify Asia as the origin of all extant mitochondrial lineages. A recent coalescence is indicated, with the most recent common ancestor dating to the last ice age. Moose have undergone two episodes of population expansion, likely corresponding to the final interstade of the most recent ice age and the onset of the current interglacial. Timing of expansion for the population in the Yakutia&ndash;Manchuria region of eastern Asia indicates that it is one of the oldest populations of moose and may represent the source of founders of extant populations in North America, which were colonized within the last 15,000 years. Our data suggest an extended period of low population size or a severe bottleneck prior to the divergence and expansion of extant lineages and a recent, less-severe bottleneck among European lineages. Climate change during the last ice age, acting through contraction and expansion of moose habitat and the flooding of the Bering land bridge, undoubtedly was a key factor influencing the divergence and expansion of moose populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1006/mpev.2001.1058","usgsCitation":"Hundertmark, K.J., Shields, G.F., Udina, I.G., Bowyer, R., Danilkin, A.A., and Schwartz, C.C., 2002, Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 22, no. 3, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.1058.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science 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Kris J.","contributorId":150026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hundertmark","given":"Kris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shields, Gerald F.","contributorId":149916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Udina, Irina G.","contributorId":150027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Udina","given":"Irina","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowyer, R. Terry","contributorId":9533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowyer","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Danilkin, Alexei A.","contributorId":150028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danilkin","given":"Alexei","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70182817,"text":"70182817 - 2002 - Lithostratigraphic, conodont, and other faunal links between lower Paleozoic strata in northern and central Alaska and northeastern Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:04:26","indexId":"70182817","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithostratigraphic, conodont, and other faunal links between lower Paleozoic strata in northern and central Alaska and northeastern Russia","docAbstract":"<p>Lower Paleozoic platform carbonate strata in northern Alaska (parts of the Arctic Alaska, York, and Seward terranes; herein called the North Alaska carbonate platform) and central Alaska (Farewell terrane) share distinctive lithologic and faunal features, and may have formed on a single continental fragment situated between Siberia and Laurentia. Sedimentary successions in northern and central Alaska overlie Late Proterozoic metamorphosed basement; contain Late Proterozoic ooid-rich dolostones, Middle Cambrian outer shelf deposits, and Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian shallow-water platform facies, and include fossils of both Siberian and Laurentian biotic provinces. The presence in the Alaskan terranes of Siberian forms not seen in wellstudied cratonal margin sequences of western Laurentia implies that the Alaskan rocks were not attached to Laurentia during the early Paleozoic.</p><p>The Siberian cratonal succession includes Archean basement, Ordovician shallow-water siliciclastic rocks, and Upper Silurian–Devonian evaporites, none of which have counterparts in the Alaskan successions, and contains only a few of the Laurentian conodonts that occur in Alaska. Thus we conclude that the lower Paleozoic platform successions of northern and central Alaska were not part of the Siberian craton during their deposition, but may have formed on a crustal fragment rifted away from Siberia during the Late Proterozoic. The Alaskan strata have more similarities to coeval rocks in some peri-Siberian terranes of northeastern Russia (Kotelny, Chukotka, and Omulevka). Lithologic ties between northern Alaska, the Farewell terrane, and the peri-Siberian terranes diminish after the Middle Devonian, but Siberian afµnities in northern and central Alaskan biotas persist into the late Paleozoic.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2360-4.291","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Harris, A.G., Gagiev, M., Bradley, D., and Repetski, J.E., 2002, Lithostratigraphic, conodont, and other faunal links between lower Paleozoic strata in northern and central Alaska and northeastern Russia: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 360, p. 291-312, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2360-4.291.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"312","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"360","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gagiev, Mussa","contributorId":184252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gagiev","given":"Mussa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006885,"text":"70006885 - 2002 - Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:40:24","indexId":"70006885","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T14:29:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":397,"text":"Annual Report to NPS, USGS Alaska Science Center, Anchorage","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1999, vessel based surveys to estimate species composition, distribution and relative abundance of marine birds and mammals have been conducted along coastal and pelagic (offshore) transects in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Surveys have been conducted during winter (November-March) and summer (June). This annual report presents the results of those surveys conducted in March and June of 2001. Following completion of surveys in 2002 we will provide a final report of the results of all surveys conducted between 1999 and 2002.</p><p>Glacier Bay supports diverse and abundant assemblages of marine birds and mammals. In 2001 we identified 58 species of bird, 7 species of marine mammal, and 6 species of terrestrial mammal on transects sampled during winter and summer. Of course all species are not equally abundant. Among all taxa, in both seasons, sea ducks were the numerically dominant group. In their roles as consumers and because of their generally large size, marine mammals are also likely important in the consumption of energy produced in the Glacier Bay ecosystem. Most common and abundant marine birds and mammals can be placed in either a fish based (e.g. alcids and pinnipeds), or a benthic invertebrate (e.g. sea ducks and sea otters) based food web.</p><p>Distinct differences in the species composition and abundance of marine birds were observed between winter and summer surveys. Winter marine bird assemblages were dominated numerically (&gt; 11,000; 65% of all birds) by a relatively few species of sea ducks (scoters, goldeneye, Bufflehead, Harlequin and Long-tailed ducks). The sea ducks were distributed almost exclusively along near shore habitats. The prevalence of sea ducks during the March surveys indicates the importance of Glacier Bay as a wintering area for this poorly understood group of animals that occupy a high trophic position in a principally benthic invertebrate (mussel and clam) food web. Marine mammal assemblages were generally consistent between seasons, although Humpback and Killer whales were not observed in winter 2001.</p><p>Summer marine bird assemblages remained numerically dominated by sea ducks, but species composition shifted between the goldeneye whose density was 44/m<sup>2</sup> in winter to &lt; 0.2/m<sup>2</sup> in summer, to scoters, whose density was 29/m<sup>2</sup> in winter to &gt; 60/m<sup>2</sup> in summer. Large increases in Black-legged kittiwake, murrelet (Marbled and Kittlitz’s) and Common merganser densities were detected during summer surveys. Seasonal differences in abundance of species likely reflected differences in life history attributes (e.g. reproductive biology, foraging ecology) among species.</p><p>Because of differences observed in species composition between the winter and summer, it is apparent that a single annual survey cannot accurately describe the populations of marine birds and mammals that occur in Glacier Bay. Preliminary analysis further suggests that interpretations of data resulting from this type of survey may depend to a large extent on the individual species. Because species exhibit differences in behavior, morphology, coloration, and distribution, accuracy and precision of abundance estimates likely vary among species. Confidence in survey results should be evaluated in consideration of life history and detection probabilities at the species level. However, survey results likely provide reasonable estimates of species composition and relative abundance, as well as accurate abundance estimates for those species whose detection closely approximates one.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Coletti, H.A., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., and Ballachey, B.E., 2002, Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Annual Report to NPS, USGS Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, iv, 46 p.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -138.4141,58.1591 ], [ -138.4141,59.483 ], [ -135.3167,59.483 ], [ -135.3167,58.1591 ], [ -138.4141,58.1591 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f5e4b07b8813a554d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coletti, Heather A.","contributorId":65768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70145538,"text":"70145538 - 2002 - Structural architecture of the central Brooks Range foothills, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T13:03:51","indexId":"70145538","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural architecture of the central Brooks Range foothills, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Five structural levels underlie the Brooks Range foothills, from lowest to highest: (1) autochthon, at a depth of ~9 km; (2) Endicott Mountains allochthon (EMA), thickest under the northern Brooks Range (&gt;15 km) and wedging out northward above the autochthon; (3) higher allochthons (HA), with a composite thickness of 1.5+ km, wedging out northward at or beyond the termination of EMA; (4) Aptian-Albian Fortress Mountain Formation (FM), deposited unconformably on deformed EMA and HA and thickening northward into a &gt;7-km-thick succession of deformed turbidites (Torok Formation); (5) gently folded Albian-Cenomanian deltaic deposits (Nanushuk Group). The dominant faulting pattern in levels 2-3 is thin-skinned thrusting and thrust-related folds formed before deposition of Cretaceous strata. These structures are cut by younger steeply south-dipping reverse faults that truncate and juxtapose structural levels 1-4 and expose progressively deeper structural levels to the south. Structural levels 4-5 are juxtaposed along a north-dipping zone of south-vergent folds and thrusts. Stratigraphic and fission-track age data suggest a kinematic model wherein the foothills belt was formed first, by thrusting of HA and EMA as deformational wedges onto the regionally south-dipping authochon at 140-120Ma. After deposition of FM and Torok during mid-Cretaceous hinterland extension and uplift, a second episode of contractional deformation at 60 Ma shortened the older allochthonous deformational wedges (EMA, HA) and overlying strata on north-vergent reverse faults. To the north, where the allochthons wedge out, shortening caused duplexing in the Torok and development of a triangle zone south of the Tuktu escarpment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., Potter, C.J., and O'Sullivan, P., 2002, Structural architecture of the central Brooks Range foothills, Alaska: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1153-1153.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1153","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":299462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffb3e4b027f0aee3d488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":36627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70145537,"text":"70145537 - 2002 - Lithofacies and stratigraphy of the Lisburne and Etivluk groups in the Lisburne 1 well and adjacent outcrops","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T14:26:42.38383","indexId":"70145537","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithofacies and stratigraphy of the Lisburne and Etivluk groups in the Lisburne 1 well and adjacent outcrops","docAbstract":"<p>The Lisburne 1 well in the thrust belt of the central Brooks Range penetrated 17,000 ft of imbricated, chiefly Ellesmerian sequence strata in the Endicott Mountains allochthon. Five thrust repeats of the Lisburne Group (Carboniferous) and overlying Etivluk Group (Permian-Jurassic) were drilled. Lithofacies analyses of &gt;350 thin sections of cores and cuttings, and biostratigraphy based on foraminifers and conodonts, allow detailed correlation with coeval units in adjacent outcrops and provide data on the depositional setting and reservoir and source rock potential of these strata. The late Early- Late Mississippian (Osagean-Chesterian) Lisburne Group consists mainly of skeletal wackestone to grainstone, locally completely dolomitized. An interval of abundant glauconite and detrital quartz in the lower Lisburne may mark a sequence-bounding unconformity. Dolostone in the upper part of the unit has maximum porosities of 10-13% and common residual hydrocarbons. The uppermost Lisburne is thinly interbedded mudstone, chert, and shale that are locally dolomitic, phosphatic, spiculitic, and organic-rich; conodonts from this interval in outcrop represent an outer shelf to slope biofacies. The Etivluk Group here encompasses the Siksikpuk and Otuk Formations. The Siksikpuk is mainly varicolored shale and radiolarian chert, with a basal interval of glauconitic, pyritic sandstone. Phosphatic and organic-rich shale, radiolarian chert, and pelecypod coquinas make up the Otuk. Outcrop and subsurface data indicate that the Lisburne Group in this area accumulated near the seaward margin of a shallow-water carbonate platform that drowned during the Late Mississippian; outer shelf or deeper conditions predominated throughout deposition of the upper Lisburne and the Etivluk Group.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Bird, K.J., 2002, Lithofacies and stratigraphy of the Lisburne and Etivluk groups in the Lisburne 1 well and adjacent outcrops: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, no. 6, p. 1142-1142.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1142","endPage":"1142","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffade4b027f0aee3d475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70146123,"text":"70146123 - 2002 - Regional structural framework and petroleum assessment of the Brooks Range foothills and southern coastal plain, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-13T11:07:09","indexId":"70146123","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional structural framework and petroleum assessment of the Brooks Range foothills and southern coastal plain, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>New interpretations of the frontal part of the Brooks Range orogen beneath the foothills and coastal plain in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA) are based on reprocessed regional seismic reflection data, recent geologic field observations, and new apatite fission-track analyses. Three long north-south transects illustrate the configuration of thrust faulting above a basal detachment that, within the southern part of NPRA, steps up from the Triassic Shublik Formation, to the Jurassic Kingak Shale, and finally into Cretaceous Torok mudstones. This thrust system represents the youngest recognized pulse of major shortening, about 60 Ma.</p>\n<p>The transects, along with other seismic-reflection examples, illustrate four play concepts being used in the deformed area for the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey oil and gas assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA). The Brookian topset structural play includes broad west-northwest-trending anticlines in the Cretaceous Nanushuk Group, developed above structurally thickened Torok mudstones in the incipiently-deformed, most northerly part of the thrust system. The Torok structural play includes prominent anticlines affecting deep-basin sandstones, many of which are detached from folds exposed at the surface. The Ellesmerian structural play includes closures developed in the clastic part of the Ellesmerian sequence, mainly above a detachment in the Shublik Formation. The thrust belt play includes antiformal stacks of allochthonous Endicott Group clastic rocks and Lisburne Group carbonates; these stacks were assembled at about 120 Ma, and were transported to their present positions in the foothills at about 60 Ma.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Potter, C.J., Moore, T.E., O'Sullivan, P., and Miller, J.J., 2002, Regional structural framework and petroleum assessment of the Brooks Range foothills and southern coastal plain, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1157-1157.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1157","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":299604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"86","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552ce8bee4b0b22a157f50bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":36627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70229419,"text":"70229419 - 2002 - Palynology of Eocene strata in the Sagavanirktok and Canning Formations on the North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T16:43:13.699234","indexId":"70229419","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T10:05:57","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3006,"text":"Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynology of Eocene strata in the Sagavanirktok and Canning Formations on the North Slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This paper describes, illustrates, and interprets Eocene palynomorph assemblages from the North Slope of Alaska, mainly from 31 outcrop samples from seven stratigraphic sections at Franklin Bluffs on the Sagavanirktok River. The top of the Sagwon Member of the Sagavanirktok Formation is shown to be a thin, coaly, apparently nonmarine sequence almost certainly of early Eocene age; the remainder of the member has long been known to be Paleocene in age. The remaining six sections at Franklin Bluffs contain silty, sandy, and clayey strata and are in the Franklin Bluffs Member of the Sagavanirktok Formation in the type area of this member. Dinocyst and pollen data from the Franklin Bluffs Member suggest mainly an early Eocene age, but some strata might be middle Eocene. In all samples from the type Franklin Bluffs Member that contained reasonably well preserved dinocyst assemblages, the environment of deposition was nearshore marine or estuarine. The Franklin Bluffs Member is the temporal equivalent of the marine Mikkelsen Tongue of the Canning Formation, whose type locality is approximately 90 km to the east–northeast. Previous pollen and plant megafossil data from the Arctic showed that the early to middle Eocene climate of the North Slope of Alaska was warm temperate, perhaps nearly subtropical. At least 20 pollen taxa present in the Eocene of the North Slope also occurred as far south in North America as the Gulf Coast and therefore had enormous latitudinal ranges. Several of these taxa appear to have migrated north to the Arctic Coast, probably mainly in the latest Paleocene, at the beginning of the climatic thermal maximum for the Tertiary. However, there is also evidence that plants producing modern-looking grains of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Carya, Juglans,</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Liquidambar</i><span>&nbsp;</span>migrated southward from the Arctic to the Gulf Coast after the early Eocene.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2113/0260059","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., Edwards, L.E., Ager, T.A., and Sheehan, T.P., 2002, Palynology of Eocene strata in the Sagavanirktok and Canning Formations on the North Slope of Alaska: Palynology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 59-93, https://doi.org/10.2113/0260059.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Amund Ringnes Island, Axel Heiberg Island, Banks Island, Cornwall Island, Death Valley, 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ager, Thomas A. 0000-0002-5029-7581 tager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-7581","contributorId":736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"Thomas","email":"tager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheehan, Thomas P. tsheehan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheehan","given":"Thomas","email":"tsheehan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":837354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038035,"text":"70038035 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T09:55:58","indexId":"70038035","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T09:49:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2002","docAbstract":"<p>Information is a resource for Native American governments, communities, organizations, and people. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides technical expertise, reports, and other impartial information sources that benefit Native Americans interested in subsistence issues, water, land use, and the health of many parts of the environment. Native self-sufficiency, economic development, and conservation are cultivated through Native decisions informed with&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;data and analyses.</p><p>The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;works in cooperation with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, conducting research on water and mineral resources, animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance, natural hazards, and geologic resources. Digital data on cartography, mineral resources, streamflow, biota, and other topics are available to American Indian and Alaska Native individuals and institutions. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;recognizes the need to learn from and share knowledge with Native peoples. This report describes most of the activities that the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;conducted with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during Federal Fiscal Year 2002. Some of these&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;activities were carried out in concert with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Others were conducted by Tribes, Tribal organizations, professional societies, and the&nbsp;USGS.</p><p>A growing number of Tribal governments, educational institutions, and other Tribal organizations have begun using geographic information systems and other digital technologies in recent years. As Tribes become more interested in and more adept at managing digital information, they are seeking relevant data from the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;more frequently. Using digital technologies provides Tribal governments with additional means of managing lands and resources for the benefit of current and future generations. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;recognizes the need to make its information available to Tribal governments, and to work with those governments and other institutions to advance data management capabilities. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;also recognizes that Tribal institutions have varying needs, interests, and capacities. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;strives to be sensitive to the unique circumstances of each of these institutions while supporting their self-driven evolution.</p><p>The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;is responding to these needs by increasing the transfer of scientific information to American Indian and Alaska Native governments and by training employees of those governments to conduct scientific studies and improve scientific data management. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;is also encouraging American Indians and Alaska Natives to pursue careers in science and seeking ways to hire Indian and Native students. By identifying, improving, and disseminating information about available hiring mechanisms, the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;is working to make hiring such students easier, and, therefore, more likely, for&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;managers.</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey is the Federal science bureau within the Department of the Interior (DoI). The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;is non-regulatory and is not a significant manager of Federal or Trust lands or assets. However, as described in this report, there are several types of&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;activities that involve American Indians, Alaska Natives, and their lands.</p><p>One type of activity is the course of formal studies, conducted through existing&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;programs, that involves collection of specific types of data as well as investigative and research projects. These projects typically last 2 or 3 years, although a few are parts of longer-term activities. Some projects are funded through cooperative agreements, from monies provided to the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;by individual Tribal governments, or by the&nbsp;BIA. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;provides matching funds for cooperative projects. These formal projects may also receive funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Indian Health Service (part of the Department of Health and Human Services), or other Federal agencies. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;routinely works with its sister bureaus in the Department of the Interior to provide the scientific information and expertise needed to meet the Department's science priorities. Within this context, the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;and the&nbsp;BIA&nbsp;are cooperating to use&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;information resources to benefit American Indian and Alaska Native peoples and their lands.</p><p>The second type of&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;activity is less formal, based on initiatives designed and conducted by&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees. Frequently involving educational activities, these endeavors are prompted by employee interests, often as collateral issues, that result from one or more&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees identifying and responding to an observed need. In these activities,&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees help fulfill a mission of the&nbsp;USGS--to prove scientific relevance--while helping their fellow citizens. Increasingly, some of the educational activities are becoming parts of formal&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;projects.</p><p>USGS&nbsp;employees have also taken the initiative in assisting American Indians and Alaska Natives through participation in several organizations that were created to foster awareness of science among Native peoples and to help build support and communication networks. One such group is the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES). This group sponsors an annual national meeting in which&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees participate.&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;employees join this organization on a voluntary basis, bringing the benefits of this expanded network to the&nbsp;USGS, as many employees do with other professional organizations.</p><p>Each part of the&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;has identified an American Indian/Alaska Native liaison. The&nbsp;USGS&nbsp;has a regional organizational structure, with Western, Central, and Eastern Regions. The regions work in concert with specific scientific disciplines to conduct the scientific mission of the&nbsp;USGS. The regional structure is intended to bring us closer to our customers; we hope that Native Americans and Alaska Natives will use the contacts listed at the end of this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038035","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2002, xiii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038035.","productDescription":"xiii, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba54e4b08c986b3280e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96248,"text":"96248 - 2002 - Comparative effects of climate on ecosystem nitrogen and soil biogeochemistry in U.S. national parks. FY 2001 Annual Report (Res. Rept. No. 94)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-22T17:55:13","indexId":"96248","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Comparative effects of climate on ecosystem nitrogen and soil biogeochemistry in U.S. national parks. FY 2001 Annual Report (Res. Rept. No. 94)","docAbstract":"In 1998, the USGS Global Change program funded research for a network of Long-Term Reference Ecosystems initially established in national parks and funded by the National Park Service.  The network included Noland Divide, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee; Pine Canyon, Big Ben National park, Texas; West Twin Creek, Olympic National Park, Washingtona?? Wallace Lake, Isle Royale National Park, Michigan; and the Asik watershed, Noatak National Preserve, Alaska.  The watershed ecosystem model was used since this approach permits additional statistical power in detection of trends among variables, and the watershed in increasingly a land unit used in resource management and planning.  The ecosystems represent a major fraction of lands administered by the National Park Service, and were chosen generally for the contrasts among sites.  For example, tow of the site, Noland and West Twin, are characterized by high precipitation amounts, but Noland receives some of the highest atmospheric nitrogen (N) inputs in North America.  In contrast, Pine Canyon and Asik are warm and cold desert sites respectively.  The Asik watershed receives <1% the atmospheric N inputs Noland receives.  The Asik site is at the northern extent (treeline) of the boreal biome in the North America while Wallace is at the southern ecotone between boreal and northern hardwoods.  The research goal for these sites is to gain a basic understanding of ecosystem structure and function, and the response to global change especially atmospheric inputs and climate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.3133/96248","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., Edmonds, R., Scherbarth, L., Urbanczyk, K., Van Miegroet, H., and Zak, J., 2002, Comparative effects of climate on ecosystem nitrogen and soil biogeochemistry in U.S. national parks. FY 2001 Annual Report (Res. Rept. No. 94), 18 pp., https://doi.org/10.3133/96248.","productDescription":"18 pp.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmonds, R.","contributorId":91807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scherbarth, L.","contributorId":15956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherbarth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urbanczyk, K.","contributorId":40151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanczyk","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Miegroet, H.","contributorId":47723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Miegroet","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zak, J.","contributorId":74329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zak","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024194,"text":"70024194 - 2002 - Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T12:04:56","indexId":"70024194","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000","docAbstract":"<p>Pilot reports in January 1995 and geologic field observations from the summer of 1996 indicate that a relatively small explosive eruption of Makushin, one of the more frequently active volcanoes in the Aleutian arc of Alaska, occurred on 30 January 1995. Several independent radar interferograms that each span the time period from October 1993 to September 1995 show evidence of ???7 cm of uplift centered on the volcano's east flank, which we interpret as preeruptive inflation of a ???7-km-deep magma source (??V = 0.022 km3). Subsequent interferograms for 1995-2000, a period that included no reported eruptive activity, show no evidence of additional ground deformation. Interferometric coherence at C band is found to persist for 3 years or more on lava flow and other rocky surfaces covered with short grass and sparsely distributed tall grass and for at least 1 year on most pyroclastic deposits. On lava flow and rocky surfaces with dense tall grass and on alluvium, coherence lasts for a few months. Snow and ice surfaces lose coherence within a few days. This extended timeframe of coherence over a variety of surface materials makes C band radar interferometry an effective tool for studying volcano deformation in Alaska and other similar high-latitude regions.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000970","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Power, J., McConnell, V., Wicks, C., and Dzurisin, D., 2002, Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993-2000: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. 11, p. ECV 1-1-ECV 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000970.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ECV 1-1","endPage":"ECV 1-13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478673,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000970","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a820ce4b0c8380cd7b895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConnell, V.S.","contributorId":39975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"V.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, C. Jr.","contributorId":87681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024195,"text":"70024195 - 2002 - A tectonic earthquake sequence preceding the April-May 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70024195","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tectonic earthquake sequence preceding the April-May 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"On 4 March 1999, a shallow ML 5.2 earthquake occurred beneath Unimak Island in the Aleutian Arc. This earthquake was located 10-15 km west of Shishaldin Volcano, a large, frequently active basaltic-andesite stratovolcano. A Strombolian eruption began at Shishaldin roughly 1 month after the mainshock, culminating in a large explosive eruption on 19 April. We address the question of whether or not the eruption caused the mainshock by computing the Coulomb stress change caused by an inflating dike on fault planes oriented parallel to the mainshock focal mechanism. We found Coulomb stress increases of ???0.1 MPa in the region of the mainshock, suggesting that magma intrusion prior to the eruption could have caused the mainshock. Satellite and seismic data indicate that magma was moving upwards beneath Shishaldin well before the mainshock. indicating that, in an overall sense, the mainshock cannot be said to have caused the eruption. However, observations of changes at the volcano following the mainshock and several large aftershocks suggest that the earthquakes may, in turn, have influenced the course of the eruption.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-002-0226-1","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Moran, S., Stihler, S., and Power, J., 2002, A tectonic earthquake sequence preceding the April-May 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 520-524, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-002-0226-1.","startPage":"520","endPage":"524","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-002-0226-1"},{"id":231644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f2e4b0c8380cd47050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, S.C. 0000-0001-7308-9649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":78896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, S.D.","contributorId":42616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, J.A.","contributorId":20765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024269,"text":"70024269 - 2002 - Absolute timing of sulfide and gold mineralization: A comparison of Re-Os molybdenite and Ar-Ar mica methods from the Tintina Gold Belt, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70024269","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Absolute timing of sulfide and gold mineralization: A comparison of Re-Os molybdenite and Ar-Ar mica methods from the Tintina Gold Belt, Alaska","docAbstract":"New Re-Os molybdenite dates from two lode gold deposits of the Tintina Gold Belt, Alaska, provide direct timing constraints for sulfide and gold mineralization. At Fort Knox, the Re-Os molybdenite date is identical to the U-Pb zircon age for the host intrusion, supporting an intrusive-related origin for the deposit. However, 40Ar/39Ar dates from hydrothermal and igneous mica are considerably younger. At the Pogo deposit, Re-Os molybdenite dates are also much older than 40Ar/39Ar dates from hydrothermal mica, but dissimilar to the age of local granites. These age relationships indicate that the Re-Os molybdenite method records the timing of sulfide and gold mineralization, whereas much younger 40Ar/39Ar dates are affected by post-ore thermal events, slow cooling, and/or systemic analytical effects. The results of this study complement a growing body of evidence to indicate that the Re-Os chronometer in molybdenite can be an accurate and robust tool for establishing timing relations in ore systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0791:ATOSAG>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Selby, D., Creaser, R., Hart, C., Rombach, C., Thompson, J.F., Smith, M.T., Bakke, A., and Goldfarb, R., 2002, Absolute timing of sulfide and gold mineralization: A comparison of Re-Os molybdenite and Ar-Ar mica methods from the Tintina Gold Belt, Alaska: Geology, v. 30, no. 9, p. 791-794, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0791:ATOSAG>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"791","endPage":"794","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207030,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0791:ATOSAG>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":231574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e64ce4b0c8380cd47320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selby, D.","contributorId":57623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Creaser, R.A.","contributorId":50319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creaser","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, C.J.R.","contributorId":67228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"C.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rombach, C.S.","contributorId":52228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rombach","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, J. F. H.","contributorId":18519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Moira T.","contributorId":11795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Moira","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bakke, A.A.","contributorId":70147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakke","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70024271,"text":"70024271 - 2002 - Fault structure and kinematics of the Long Valley Caldera region, California, revealed by high-accuracy earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanism stress inversions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T11:16:43","indexId":"70024271","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault structure and kinematics of the Long Valley Caldera region, California, revealed by high-accuracy earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanism stress inversions","docAbstract":"We have determined high-resolution hypocenters for 45,000+ earthquakes that occurred between 1980 and 2000 in the Long Valley caldera area using a double-difference earthquake location algorithm and routinely determined arrival times. The locations reveal numerous discrete fault planes in the southern caldera and adjacent Sierra Nevada block (SNB). Intracaldera faults include a series of east/west-striking right-lateral strike-slip faults beneath the caldera's south moat and a series of more northerly striking strike-slip/normal faults beneath the caldera's resurgent dome. Seismicity in the SNB south of the caldera is confined to a crustal block bounded on the west by an east-dipping oblique normal fault and on the east by the Hilton Creek fault. Two NE-striking left-lateral strike-slip faults are responsible for most seismicity within this block. To understand better the stresses driving seismicity, we performed stress inversions using focal mechanisms with 50 or more first motions. This analysis reveals that the least principal stress direction systematically rotates across the studied region, from NE to SW in the caldera's south moat to WNW-ESE in Round Valley, 25 km to the SE. Because WNW-ESE extension is characteristic of the western boundary of the Basin and Range province, caldera area stresses appear to be locally perturbed. This stress perturbation does not seem to result from magma chamber inflation but may be related to the significant (???20 km) left step in the locus of extension along the Sierra Nevada/Basin and Range province boundary. This implies that regional-scale tectonic processes are driving seismic deformation in the Long Valley caldera.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2001JB001168","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S., Ellsworth, W.L., Zoback, M., and Waldhauser, F., 2002, Fault structure and kinematics of the Long Valley Caldera region, California, revealed by high-accuracy earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanism stress inversions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B12, p. ESE 9-1-ESE 9-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001168.","productDescription":"2355; 19 p.","startPage":"ESE 9-1","endPage":"ESE 9-19","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb001168","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.1,\n              37.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.25,\n              37.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.25,\n              38.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.1,\n             38.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.1,\n              37.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1ce4b0c8380cd5378a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie 0000-0003-0510-1989 sprejean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":172404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zoback, Mark","contributorId":81092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waldhauser, Felix","contributorId":59106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024274,"text":"70024274 - 2002 - Harlequin duck population recovery following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Progress, process and constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:05:18","indexId":"70024274","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harlequin duck population recovery following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Progress, process and constraints","docAbstract":"<p>Following the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, we studied the status of recovery of harlequin duck <i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i> populations during 1995 to 1998. We evaluated potential constraints on full recovery, including (1) exposure to residual oil; (2) food limitation; and (3) intrinsic demographic limitations on population growth rates. In this paper, we synthesize the findings from our work and incorporate information from other harlequin duck research and monitoring programs to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the response of this species to the 'Exxon Valdez' spill. We conclude that harlequin duck populations had not fully recovered by 1998. Furthermore, adverse effects continued as many as 9 yr after the oil spill, in contrast to the conventional paradigm that oil spill effects on bird populations are short-lived. These conclusions are based on the findings that (1) elevated cytochrome P450 (CYP1A) induction on oiled areas indicated continued exposure to oil in 1998; (2) adult female winter survival was lower on oiled than unoiled areas during 1995 to 1998; (3) fall population surveys by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game indicated numerical declines in oiled areas during 1995 to 1997; and (4) densities on oiled areas in 1996 and 1997 were lower than expected using models that accounted for effects of habitat attributes. Based on hypothesized links between oil contamination and demography, we suggest that harlequin duck population recovery was constrained primarily by continued oil exposure. Full population recovery will also be delayed by the time necessary for intrinsic population growth to allow return to pre-spill numbers following cessation of residual oil spill effects. Although not all wildlife species were affected by the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill, and some others may have recovered quickly from any effects, harlequin duck life history characteristics and benthic, nearshore feeding habits make them susceptible to both initial and long-term oil spill effects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/meps241271","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Bowman, T.D., Trust, K.A., Ballachey, B.E., Dean, T.A., Jewett, S.C., and O’Clair, C.E., 2002, Harlequin duck population recovery following the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Progress, process and constraints: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 241, p. 271-286, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps241271.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps241271","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.21380615234375,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.73065185546875,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.73065185546875,\n              60.648954953475844\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.21380615234375,\n              60.648954953475844\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.21380615234375,\n              60.02095215374802\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"241","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f76e4b0c8380cd5cde1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trust, Kimberly A.","contributorId":42503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trust","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":400668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dean, Thomas A.","contributorId":187562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dean","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jewett, Stephen C.","contributorId":94397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024279,"text":"70024279 - 2002 - Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:16:29","indexId":"70024279","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill","docAbstract":"<p>Sea otter <i>Enhydra lutris</i> populations were severely affected by the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in western Prince William Sound, AK, and had not fully recovered by 2000. Here we present results of population surveys and incorporate findings from related studies to identify current population status and factors affecting recovery. Between 1993 and 2000, the number of sea otters in the spill-area of Prince William Sound increased by about 600 to nearly 2700. However, at Knight Island, where oil exposure and sea otter mortality in 1989 was most severe, no increase has been observed. Sea otter reproduction was not impaired, and the age and sex composition of captured otters are consistent with both intrinsic reproduction and immigration contributing to recovery. However, low resighting rates of marked otters at Knight Island compared to an unoiled reference area, and high proportions of young otters in beach cast carcasses through 1998, suggest that the lack of recovery was caused by relatively poor survival or emigration of potential recruits. Significantly higher levels of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), a biomarker of hydrocarbons, were found in sea otters at Knight Island from 1996 to 1998 compared to unoiled Montague Island, implicating oil effects in the lack of recovery at Knight Island. Delayed recovery does not appear to be directly related to food limitation. Although food availability was relatively low at both oiled and unoiled areas, we detected significant increases in sea otter abundance only at Montague Island, a finding inconsistent with food as a principal limiting factor. Persistent oil in habitats and prey provides a source of continued oil exposure and, combined with relatively low prey densities, suggests a potential interaction between oil and food. However, sea otters foraged more successfully at Knight Island and young females were in better condition than those at Montague Island. We conclude that progress toward recovery of sea otters in Prince William Sound is evident, but that in areas where initial oil effects were greatest, recovery may be constrained by residual spill effects, resulting from elevated mortality and emigration. It is evident that internal reproduction and immigration of juveniles has been the primary means of population recovery, as opposed to broad scale redistribution of adults from outside affected areas. The result is a recovery period protracted by long-term spill effects on survival and emigration and intrinsic limits to population growth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/meps241237","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ballachey, B.E., Dean, T., Fukuyama, A.K., Jewett, S., McDonald, L., Monson, D., O’Clair, C.E., and VanBlaricom, G., 2002, Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 241, p. 237-253, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps241237.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"253","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps241237","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.9251708984375,\n              59.65386709736167\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.700439453125,\n              59.65386709736167\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.700439453125,\n              60.85293796664351\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9251708984375,\n              60.85293796664351\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.9251708984375,\n              59.65386709736167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"241","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87eee4b08c986b31672e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, T.A.","contributorId":67036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fukuyama, Allan K.","contributorId":89472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fukuyama","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":621,"text":"Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jewett, S.C.","contributorId":73947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jewett","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDonald, L.","contributorId":10365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"VanBlaricom, G.R.","contributorId":94239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70024286,"text":"70024286 - 2002 - Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T15:59:03.112394","indexId":"70024286","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Most paleoseismic studies are at low to moderate latitudes. Here we present results from a high-latitude (61°30′ N) trenching study of the Castle Mountain fault in south-central Alaska. This fault is the only one known in the greater Anchorage, Alaska, area with historical seismicity and a Holocene fault scarp. It strikes east-northeast and cuts glacial and postglacial sediments in an area of boreal spruce-birch forest, shrub tundra, and sphagnum bog. The fault has a prominent vegetation lineament on the upthrown, north side of the fault. Nine trenches were logged across the fault in glacial and postglacial deposits, seven along the main trace, and two along a splay. In addition to thrust and strike-slip faulting, important controls on observed relationships in the trenches are the season in which faulting occurred, the physical properties of the sediments, liquefaction, a shallow water table, soil-forming processes, the strength of the modern root mat, and freeze-thaw processes. Some of these processes and physical properties are unique to northern-latitude areas and result in seismic disturbance effects not observed at lower latitudes.</p><p>The two trenches across the Castle Mountain fault splay exposed a thrust fault and few liquefaction features. Radiocarbon ages of soil organic matter and charcoal within and overlying the fault indicate movement on the fault at ca. 2735 cal. (calendar) yr B.P. and no subsequent movement. In the remaining seven trenches, surface faulting was accompanied by extensive liquefaction and a zone of disruption 3 m or more wide. The presence of numerous liquefaction features at depths of &lt;0.5–1.0 m indicates faulting when the ground was not frozen—i.e., from about April to October. Sandy-matrix till, sand, silt, gravel, and pebbly peat were injected up to the base of the modern soil, but did not penetrate the interlocking spruce-birch root mat. The strength of the root mat prohibited development of a nonvegetated scarp face and colluvial wedge. In only one trench did we observe a discrete fault plane with measurable offset. It lay beneath a 2-m-thick carapace of liquefied sand and silt and displayed a total of 0.9–1.85 m of thrust motion since deposition of the oldest deposits in the trenches at ca. 13,500 yr B.P. We found liquefaction ejecta on paleosols at only one other trench, where there were bluejoint (<i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>) tussocks that lacked an extensive root mat. From crosscutting relationships, we interpret three paleoliquefaction events on the main trace of the Castle Mountain fault: 2145–1870, 1375–1070, and 730–610 cal. yr B.P. These four earthquakes on the Castle Mountain fault in the past ∼2700 yr indicate an average recurrence interval of ∼700 yr. As it has been 600–700 yr since the last significant earthquake, a significant (magnitude 6–7) earthquake in the near future may be likely. Paleoseismic data indicate that the timing and recurrence interval of megathrust earthquakes is similar to the timing and recurrence interval of Castle Mountain fault earthquakes, suggesting a possible link between faulting on the megathrust and on “crustal” structures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1296:PAHLSD>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Best, T.C., and Waythomas, C.F., 2002, Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 114, no. 10, p. 1296-1310, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1296:PAHLSD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1296","endPage":"1310","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Houston","otherGeospatial":"Castle Mountain Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -148,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -148,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -152,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -152,\n              61\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a744ce4b0c8380cd7757e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Best, Timothy C.","contributorId":57940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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