{"pageNumber":"190","pageRowStart":"4725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":21480,"text":"ofr90387 - 1990 - Preliminary investigation of soil and ground-water contamination at a U.S. Army Petroleum Training Facility, Fort Lee, Virginia, September-October 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T20:08:45.063778","indexId":"ofr90387","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-387","title":"Preliminary investigation of soil and ground-water contamination at a U.S. Army Petroleum Training Facility, Fort Lee, Virginia, September-October 1989","docAbstract":"<p>Fuel-oil constituents in the soil and groundwater at the Fort Lee Petroleum Training Facility near Petersburg, Virginia, were studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Department of Defense, U.S. Army. The study included installation of 25 groundwater monitoring wells and description of groundwater flow patterns of the shallow-aquifer system underlying the facility. Soil and groundwater samples were collected to determine the concentrations of fuel-oil constituents and to determine the potential for off-site migration of the constituents. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations up to 18,400 mg/km were reported in soil samples. Concentrations of benzene in water from wells at the facility were up to 130 micrograms per liter (ug/L), and concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylene were up to 54 and 120 ug/L, respectively. Potential exists for off-site migration of the contaminants and migration of contaminants downward to deeper aquifers. Further investigations of these potential contamination-migration pathways are warranted. Risk identification at the Petroleum Training Facility cannot be properly addressed because the distribution of the fuel-oil constituents has not been fully characterized. Preliminary identification of risk, however is presented by an examination of toxicity data for the chemical constituents reported in the groundwater at the facility. Concentrations of constituents were compared to the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Concentrations of benzene in water from wells at the facility exceed the USEPA 's 5 ug/L MCL by as much as 26 times. Sufficient data are not available to fully design the remedial-action plan for the facility; however, general responses to contamination of the type associated with the facility include no-action, monitoring, institutional controls, removal, and treatment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90387","usgsCitation":"Wright, W.G., and Powell, J.D., 1990, Preliminary investigation of soil and ground-water contamination at a U.S. Army Petroleum Training Facility, Fort Lee, Virginia, September-October 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-387, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90387.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17919.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0387/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0387/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Lee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.332763671875,\n              37.216932708261595\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3162841796875,\n              37.216932708261595\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3162841796875,\n              37.229918351090596\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.332763671875,\n              37.229918351090596\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.332763671875,\n              37.216932708261595\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66749b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, W. G.","contributorId":19582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, J. D.","contributorId":29828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17926,"text":"ofr90315 - 1990 - Geology of the Mahd Adh Dhahab District, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T15:58:50","indexId":"ofr90315","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-315","title":"Geology of the Mahd Adh Dhahab District, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>Approximately 200 km<sup>2</sup> around the Mahd adh Dhahab mine were mapped at 1:18,000 scale, with emphasis on establishing the volcanic stratigraphy. The Mahd Group, which rests over a basement of metamorphosed tonalite, is divided into the Lahuf formation and Tuwal formation, which are separated by an unconformity. The Lahuf is divided into a lower felsic pyroclastic member, a middle felsic tuff member, and an upper mafic member. The overlying Tuwal formation is divided into the Mine member, which consists predominantly of subaqueous felsic pyroclastic rocks with minor dolostone and chert, and the Ghuwayshat member, which consists predominantly of subaerial ignimbrites. The Mahd Group also contains numerous basaltic and rhyolitic subvolcanic intrusions, some of which were extruded as lava flows. The Mahd Group was folded, intruded by rocks of the Ramram cauldron, and eroded prior to deposition of the overlying Ghamr group. Remnants of the latter consist of fanglomerate, volcaniclastic sediments, and dacitic lava flows. Burial of the region under rocks of the Ghamr group probably accounts for prehnite-pumpelleyite facies metamorphism. Vein mineralization at Mahd adh Dhahab and other occurrences is probably unrelated to the magmatism that produced the Mahd and Ghamr groups. The Wadi Sayilah-Wadi Ghadayrah fault system was active during deposition of the Mahd and Ghamr groups and accounts for about 2.6 km of cumulate uplift of the basement block relative to the Mahd basin.</p>\n<p>Major-element data show that the Mahd Group was produced from separate basaltic and dacitic-rhyolitic magmas that overlapped without mixing. The alkalis and alkaline-earth elements were particularly mobile during metamorphism (which caused widespread albitization of feldspars) and also during hydrothermal alteration (which added secondary microcline). This mobility adversely affected rubidium-strontium whole-rock systematics, which makes whole-rock isochron dates obtained from these rocks questionable. The new geological data presented here are combined with the geochronologic data of Calvez and Kemp (1982) to re-interpret the geologic history of this area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90315","usgsCitation":"Afifi, A., 1990, Geology of the Mahd Adh Dhahab District, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-315, Report: iii, 49 p.; Map: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90315.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 49 p.; Map: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":47169,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0315/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0315/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0315/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              40.5,\n              23\n            ],\n            [\n              40.5,\n              24\n            ],\n            [\n              41,\n              24\n            ],\n            [\n              41,\n              23\n            ],\n            [\n              40.5,\n              23\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Afifi, A.M.","contributorId":39375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afifi","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16914,"text":"ofr90375 - 1990 - Availability and suitability of municipal wastewater information for use in a National Water-Quality Assessment; a case study of the upper Illinois River basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr90375","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-375","title":"Availability and suitability of municipal wastewater information for use in a National Water-Quality Assessment; a case study of the upper Illinois River basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The availability and suitability of existing information on municipal wastewater-treatment practices and effluent characteristics for use in a national water-quality assessment were evaluated. The information will be used to determine the effects of changes in wastewater-treatment practices on stream quality and ecosystem health. A large amount of information on treatment practices and effluent characteristics exists, and some of this information is available from Federal and State computer data bases. However, the suitability of existing information to accomplish the objectives of a national water-quality assessment is limited.\r\nThe suitability of this information would be improved by (1) increasing the number of water-quality constituents routinely analyzed for in samples of municipal effluent, (2) increasing the frequency of effluent sampling at some facilities, (3) developing a quality-assurance plan for wastewater flow-rate determinates, and (4) increasing the amount of effluent water-quality data entered into Federal and State computer data bases.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr90375","usgsCitation":"Zogorski, J.S., Blanchard, S., Romack, R., and Fitzpatrick, F., 1990, Availability and suitability of municipal wastewater information for use in a National Water-Quality Assessment; a case study of the upper Illinois River basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-375, vi, 68 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90375.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0375/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46017,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0375/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":174148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, S.F.","contributorId":52595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romack, R.D.","contributorId":97124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romack","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30428,"text":"wri894167 - 1990 - Effects of urbanization on peak streamflows in four Connecticut communities, 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T21:10:03.077897","indexId":"wri894167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4167","title":"Effects of urbanization on peak streamflows in four Connecticut communities, 1980-84","docAbstract":"Ratios of peak flows in urban basins to peak flows in rural basins in Connecticut are about 1.5 to 6.1 for the 2-year flood and 1.1 to 4.3 for the 100-year flood. The lower ratios, in each case, apply where 30% of the area is served by storm sewers, and the higher ratios apply where 90% of the area is served by storm sewers. Peak flows for six small urban streams were determined from rainfall and runoff data collected from 1981 to 1984 and from a distributed-routing rainfall-runoff model that simulated storm runoff for the period 1951-80. Recurrence intervals of the peak flows for these streams and three other urban streams were estimated using the log-Pearson Type III method and compared with peak flows for rural streams that were computed from regression equations. A comparison of the ratios of urban to rural peak flows shows that basins where more than 50% of the area is served by storm sewers have urban to rural ratios that are outside the 95% confidence limits of the rural regression equations. Peak flows for such areas can be adjusted graphically for the effects of urbanization if the streams drain less than 10 sq mi and manmade storage is less than 4.5 million cu ft/sq mi. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894167","usgsCitation":"Weiss, L., 1990, Effects of urbanization on peak streamflows in four Connecticut communities, 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4167, Report: v, 40 p.; 4 Plates: 21.06 x 26.95 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894167.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; 4 Plates: 21.06 x 26.95 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466161,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47253.htm","text":"Freshwater Brook drainage basin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466162,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47254.htm","text":"Piper and Willow Brooks drainage basins","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466160,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47252.htm","text":"Betts Pond and Keelers Brooks drainage 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,{"id":3163,"text":"wsp2368B - 1990 - Effects of surface coal mining and reclamation on the geohydrology of six small watersheds in West-Central Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T09:29:24","indexId":"wsp2368B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2368","chapter":"B","title":"Effects of surface coal mining and reclamation on the geohydrology of six small watersheds in West-Central Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Six small watersheds in west-central Indiana were selected for study of the hydrologic effects of surface coal mining and reclamation. The watersheds include mined and reclaimed, mined and unreclaimed, and unmined agricultural land uses and are each less than 3 square miles in area. Surface-water, ground-water, and meteorologic data for the 1981 and 1982 water years were used to describe and compare hydrologic systems of the six watersheds and to identify hydrologic effects of mining and reclamation.</p>\n<p>Discharge at the unreclaimed watersheds was continuous during the study period, whereas discharge at the other watersheds was intermittent and more variable. Peak discharges were greater at the agricultural watersheds than at the unreclaimed watersheds, primarily because of large final-cut lakes in the unreclaimed watersheds. Annual runoff was greatest at the unreclaimed watersheds, intermediate at the agricultural watersheds, and least at the reclaimed watersheds.</p>\n<p>Hydrologic effects of mining were identified by comparing the hydrologic systems at mined and unreclaimed watersheds with those at unmined agricultural watersheds. These comparisons indicate that surface coal mining without reclamation can increase base flow, annual runoff, and ground-water recharge to the bedrock; reduce peak flow rates and variation in flow; lower the water table in upland areas; change the relation between surface- and ground-water divides; and create numerous, local flow systems in the shallow ground water. Hydrologic effects of reclamation were identified by comparing the hydrologic systems at mined and reclaimed watersheds with those at mined and unreclaimed watersheds. Reclamation can decrease base flow, annual runoff, and recharge to the bedrock; increase peak flow rates, variation in flow, and the response to thunderstorms; reestablish the premining relation between surface- and ground-water divides; and create fewer local flow systems in the shallow ground water.</p>\n<p>Hydrologic effects of mining and reclamation were identified by comparing the hydrologic systems at mined and reclaimed watersheds with those at unmined agricultural watersheds. The presence or absence of a large final-cut lake in the reclaimed watershed greatly influences the hydrologic systems and the effects of mining and reclamation. Surface coal mining and reclamation can decrease base flow, annual runoff, and peak flow rates; increase the variability of flow and recharge to the bedrock; reestablish the premining relation between surface- and ground-water divides; and lower the water table in upland areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2368B","usgsCitation":"Martin, J.D., Duwelius, R.F., and Crawford, C.G., 1990, Effects of surface coal mining and reclamation on the geohydrology of six small watersheds in West-Central Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2368, viii, 71 p. ;2 v. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2368B.","productDescription":"viii, 71 p. ;2 v. :ill. ;28 cm.","startPage":"B1","endPage":"B71","numberOfPages":"81","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":146358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duwelius, Richard F.","contributorId":31378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":146357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30221,"text":"wri894144 - 1990 - Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri894144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4144","title":"Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Approximately 44,000 gal of industrial solvent wastes were disposed in pits on a farm near Brentwood, Tennessee, in 1978, and contaminants were reported in the soil and shallow groundwater on the site in 1985. In order for the State to evaluate possible remedial-action alternatives, an 18-month study was conducted to define the hydrogeologic setting of the site and surrounding area. The area is underlain by four hydrogeologic units: (1) an upper aquifer consisting of saturated regolith, Bigby-Cannon Limestone, and weathered Hermitage Formation; (2) the Hermitage confining unit; (3) a lower aquifer consisting of the Carters Limestone; and (4) the Lebanon confining unit. Wells generally are low yielding less than 1 gal/min ), although locally the aquifers may yield as much as 80 gal/minute. This lower aquifer is anisotropic, and transmissivity of this aquifer is greatest in a northwest-southeast direction. Recharge to the groundwater system is primarily from precipitation, and estimates of average annual recharge rates range from 6 to 15 inches/year. Discharge from the groundwater system is primarily to the Little Harpeth River and its tributaries. Groundwater flow at the disposal site is mainly to a small topographic depression that drains the site. Geochemical data indicate four distinct water types. These types represent (1) shallow, rapidly circulating groundwater; (2) deeper (&gt; than 100 ft), rapidly circulating groundwater; (3) shallow, slow moving groundwater; and (4) deeper, slow moving groundwater. Results of the numerical model indicate that most flow is in the upper aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894144","usgsCitation":"Tucci, P., Hanchar, D., and Lee, R.W., 1990, Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4144, v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894144.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2415,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri89-4144","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_89_4144.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6248c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanchar, D. W.","contributorId":87986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanchar","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18669,"text":"ofr90136 - 1990 - Ground-water flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California; I, Geochemical assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18669,"text":"ofr90136 - 1990 - Ground-water flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California; I, Geochemical assessment","indexId":"ofr90136","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California; I, Geochemical assessment"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042508,"text":"70042508 - 1991 - Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California: 1. Geochemical assessment","indexId":"70042508","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California: 1. Geochemical assessment"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042508,"text":"70042508 - 1991 - Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California: 1. Geochemical assessment","indexId":"70042508","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California: 1. Geochemical assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T12:24:36","indexId":"ofr90136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-136","title":"Ground-water flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California; I, Geochemical assessment","docAbstract":"<p>A study was undertaken to quantitatively evaluate the hydrologic processes affecting the chemical and isotopic composition of drain-lateral water in a drained agricultural field in the western San Joaquin Valley, California. The results of chemical and isotopic analysis of the samples and analysis of hydraulic-head data and drain-lateral flow data elucidate the process of mixing of deep and shallow ground water entering the drain laterals. The deep ground water was subject to partial evaporation prior to drainage-system installation and has been displaced downward (at depths greater than 6 meters) in the ground-water system. This ground water is flowing toward the drain laterals. The percentage of the deep, isotopically enriched ground water entering the drain laterals varies with time and between drain laterals. The percentage of the total drain-lateral flow, which is deep ground-water flow, is about 30 percent for the shallow drain lateral (1.8 meters below land surface) and 60 percent for the deep drain lateral (2.7 meters below land surface). During irrigation, the percentages decrease to 0 and 30 percent for the shallow and deep drain laterals, respectively.</p><p>Selenium loads in the drain laterals vary with time and between drain laterals. The selenium load for the shallow drain lateral (68 kilograms) during 1 year is 21 percent of the load for the deep drain lateral (332 kilograms) because it collects less deep, high-selenium ground water and does not flow continuously. Although selenium concentrations in the drain-lateral water decreased during irrigation, selenium loads increased substantially during a preplant irrigation because of increased flow into the drain laterals. The selenium loads during 8 days of irrigation represented a substantial percentage (25 percent for the shallow drain lateral and 11 percent for the deep drain lateral) of the total selenium load for 1 year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90136","usgsCitation":"Deverel, S.J., and Fio, J., 1990, Ground-water flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California; I, Geochemical assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-136, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90136.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0136/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359564,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.84,35.06 ], [ -121.84,38.17 ], [ -118.67,38.17 ], [ -118.67,35.06 ], [ -121.84,35.06 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deverel, S. J.","contributorId":65478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deverel","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fio, J.L.","contributorId":56662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18904,"text":"ofr90170 - 1990 - Statistical summaries of selected Iowa streamflow data through September 30, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-09T14:37:21","indexId":"ofr90170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-170","title":"Statistical summaries of selected Iowa streamflow data through September 30, 1988","docAbstract":"<p>Statistical summaries of streamflow data collected at 144 active and discontinued stream-gaging stations in Iowa through water year 1988 are presented in the report. The summaries for each streamgaging station include: 1) station description, 2) the most recent stage-discharge rating table, 3) statistics of monthly and annual mean discharges, 4) boxplots of monthly and annual mean discharges, 5) monthly and annual flow durations, 6) probabilities of annual high discharges, 7) probabilities of annual low discharges, and 8) probabilities of seasonal low discharges. The minimum period of record at stations included in the report is 10 years. The location of each station is shown on a map of Iowa.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and Iowa Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Fischer, E., Melcher, N., and Kluesner, S., 1990, Statistical summaries of selected Iowa streamflow data through September 30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-170, x, 641 p.: ill.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90170.","productDescription":"x, 641 p.: ill.; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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,{"id":29818,"text":"wri894187 - 1990 - Automatic tracer-dilution method used for stage-discharge ratings and streamflow hydrographs on small Iowa streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-09T13:58:11","indexId":"wri894187","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4187","title":"Automatic tracer-dilution method used for stage-discharge ratings and streamflow hydrographs on small Iowa streams","docAbstract":"<p>An automatic system was designed to concurrently measure stage and discharge for the purpose of developing stage-discharge ratings and high flow hydrographs on small streams. Stage, or gage height, is recorded by an analog-to-digital recorder and discharge is determined by the constant-rate tracer-dilution method The system measures flow above a base stage set by the user. To test the effectiveness of the system and its components, eight systems, with a variety of equipment, were installed at crest-stage gaging stations across Iowa A fluorescent dye, rhodamine-WT, was used as the tracer.</p>\n<p>Tracer-dilution discharge measurements were made during 14 flow periods at six stations from 1986 through 1988 water years. Ratings were developed at three stations with the aid of these measurements. A loop rating was identified at one station during rapidly-changing flow conditions. Incomplete mixing and dye loss to sediment apparently were problems at some stations. Stage hydrographs were recorded for 38 flows at seven stations. Limited data on background fluorescence during high flows were also obtained.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/wri894187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Highway Research Board, Highway Division, Iowa Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Soenksen, P.J., 1990, Automatic tracer-dilution method used for stage-discharge ratings and streamflow hydrographs on small Iowa streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4187, vii, 45 p.: ill.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894187.","productDescription":"vii, 45 p.: ill.; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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,{"id":29775,"text":"wri894169 - 1990 - Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:31:25","indexId":"wri894169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4169","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Sixty-eight percent of the 22.6-square-mile Valley Creek basin is underlain by Cambrian and Ordovician limestone and dolomite. Ground water flows through a network of interconnected secondary openings; primary porosity is virtually nonexistent. Some of these openings have been enlarged by solution. Secondary porosity and permeability exhibit great spatial variability, and the yield and specific capacity of wells are highly variable. The number of water-bearing zones decreases with depth. Fifty percent of water-bearing zones are encountered within 100 feet of the land surface, and 81 percent are within 200 feet.\r\n\r\n      Most ground-water flow in the Valley Creek basin is local and discharges to nearby streams. Ground-water discharge comprised an average of 76 percent of the flow of Valley Creek during 1983--87, including both natural ground- water discharge and quarry pumpage discharged to Valley Creek. Discharge from the Cedar Hollow quarry comprised 21 to 26 percent of the base flow of Valley Creek; the average was 23 percent. The average natural base flow of Valley Creek would be 8 percent lower if the quarry were not operating.\r\n\r\n      Regional ground-water flow is to the northeast to the Schuylkill River. On the western side of the Valley Creek basin, the ground-water divide is 1/2 mile west of the surface-water divide. An estimated 0.75 million gallons per day of ground water flows from the adjacent West Valley Creek basn eastward into the Valley Creek basin. A ground-water divide is not present on the eastern side of the basin; the water table slopes gently eastward toward the Schuylkill River. On the northeaster side, an estimated 1.76 million gallons per day of ground water flows northeastward out of the basin to the Schuylkill River beneath the surface-water divide. On the southeaster side, an estimated 0.85 million gallons per day of ground water flows beneath the surface-water divide into the basin.\r\n\r\n      Annual water budgets and an average water budget were calculated for 1983-87 for the 20.8-square-mile area bove the streamflow-gaging station. Annual precipitation for 1983-87 ranged from 40.61 to 56.55 inches and averaged 47.25 inches; annual streamflow ranged from 15.55 to 28.57 inches and averaged 22.31 inches; annual evapotranspiration ranged from 18.21 to 24.83 inches and averaged 22.90 inches; and annual recharge ranged from 15.89 to 26.84 inches and averaged 21.04 inches.\r\n\r\n      The Valley Creek basin was modeled as a two-dimensional water-table aquifer. Recharge to, ground-water flow through, and discharge from the rocks of Chester valley were simulated. In order to include the natural hydrologic boundaries of the ground-water-flwo system, the 66.4-square-mile area between the Brandywine Creek and the Schuylkill River was modeled. The model was calibrated under stead-state conditions using avareage recharge and evapotranspiration rates. Aquifer hydraulic conductivity was estimated from specific-capacity and quifer-test data. The average (1983-87) annual water budget for hte Valley Creek basin was simualted.\r\n\r\n      The effect of increased ground-water development on base flow and underflow was simulated by locating a hypothetical well field produceing 4 million gallons per day in different parts of the basin. Pumpage from a well field near surface-water divides would induce as much as an additional 1.41 inches per year of underflow from an adjacent surface-water basin. Pumpage from a well field near the center of the basin would affect base flow more than underflow.\r\n\r\n      Increased seepage of ground water into quarries as a result of their expansion was simulated as increased withdrawal by pumping. A 100-percent increase in the pumping rate of the Cedar Hollow quarry, from 3.93 to 7.86 million gallons per day, owuld reduce the natural base flow of Valley Creek by 18 percent. However, the quarry pumpage would be discharged to Valley Creek, thereby increasing the base flow at the gaging station by ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894169","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1990, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4169, viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894169.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29634,"text":"wri894159 - 1990 - A statistical processor for analyzing simulations made using the Modular Finite-Difference Ground-water Flow Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri894159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4159","title":"A statistical processor for analyzing simulations made using the Modular Finite-Difference Ground-water Flow Model","docAbstract":"Many hydrologic studies of ground-water systems are conducted using a digital computer model as an aid to understanding the flow system. One of the most commonly used ground-water modeling programs is the Modular Three-Dimensional Ground-water Flow Model (Modular Model) by McDonald and Harbaugh. This report presents a computer program to summarize the data input to and output from the Modular Model. The program is named the Modular Model Statistical Processor and is designed to be run following the Modular Model.\r\nThe Modular Model Statistical Processor provides ground-water modelers with the capabilities to easily read data input to and output from the Modular Model, calculate descriptive statistics, generate histograms, perform logical tests using relational operators, calculate data arrays using arithmetic operators, and calculate flow vectors for use in a graphical-display program.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894159","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.C., 1990, A statistical processor for analyzing simulations made using the Modular Finite-Difference Ground-water Flow Model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4159, v. 218 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894159.","productDescription":"v. 218 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4159/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58454,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a62b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. C.","contributorId":75901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18913,"text":"ofr89623 - 1990 - Hydrologic data collected in the vicinity of the proposed gamma-ray and neutrino detector site, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, 1988-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr89623","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-623","title":"Hydrologic data collected in the vicinity of the proposed gamma-ray and neutrino detector site, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, 1988-89","docAbstract":"An abandoned barite mine in Hot Spring County, Arkansas, has been selected as the location for a proposed gamma-ray and neutrino detector site. As part of the hydrologic evaluation of the site, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Geological Commission collected hydrologic data at selected locations in the vicinity of the abandoned barite mine. Data collected as part of the project included water quality, pond-evaluation, and precipitation data within the abandoned barite mine and flow and water quality data at selected sites in the vicinity of the mine. Water quality samples from within the abandoned mine were collected at three locations in the pond at selected depths. These data included field measurements of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, major ions, and trace metals. Major ion and trace-metal samples were collected at six stream sites, one lake site, and two wastewater pond sites. Pond elevation and precipitation data from within the abandoned barite mine were measured during the period between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1989. Twevle discharge measurements during the period between June 21, 1988, and June 26, 1989, were collected at six sites in the vicinity of the abandoned barite mine. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89623","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, D., and Westerfield, P., 1990, Hydrologic data collected in the vicinity of the proposed gamma-ray and neutrino detector site, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, 1988-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-623, iv, 17 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89623.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0623/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48311,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0623/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f7ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, D. J.","contributorId":33313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerfield, P.W.","contributorId":50546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerfield","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29054,"text":"wri894206 - 1990 - Streamflow characteristics of small tributaries of Rock Creek, Milk River basin, Montana, base period water years 1983-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri894206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4206","title":"Streamflow characteristics of small tributaries of Rock Creek, Milk River basin, Montana, base period water years 1983-87","docAbstract":"Five streamflow-gaging stations were installed in the Rock Creek basin north of the Milk River near Hinsdale, Montana. Streamflow was monitored at these stations and at an existing gaging station upstream on Rock Creek from May 1983 through September 1987. The data collected were used to describe the flow characteristics of four small tributary streams. Annual mean streamflow ranges from 2.8 to 57 cu ft/sec in the mainstem and from 0 to 0.60 cu ft/sec in the tributaries. Monthly mean streamflow ranged from 0 to 528 cu ft/sec in Rock Creek and from zero to 5.3 cu ft/sec in the four tributaries. The six gaged sites show similar patterns of daily mean streamflow during periods of large runoff, but substantial individual variations during periods of lesser runoff. During periods of lesser runoff , the small tributaries may have small daily mean streamflows. At other times, daily mean streamflow at the two mainstem sites decreased downstream. Daily mean streamflow in the tributaries appears to be closely related to daily mean streamflow in the mainstem only during periods of substantial area-wide runoff. Thus, streamflow in the tributaries resulting from local storms or local snowmelt may not contribute to streamflow in the mainstem. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894206","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Hull, J.A., 1990, Streamflow characteristics of small tributaries of Rock Creek, Milk River basin, Montana, base period water years 1983-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4206, iii, 10 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894206.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hull, J. A.","contributorId":39345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18465,"text":"ofr90570 - 1990 - Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux Aquifer, northeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T07:23:10","indexId":"ofr90570","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-570","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux Aquifer, northeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Roubidoux aquifer is an important source of freshwater for public supplies, commerce, industry, and rural water districts in northeastern Oklahoma. Ground-water withdrawals from the aquifer in 1981 were estimated to be 4.8 million gallons per day, of which about 90 percent was withdrawn in Ottawa County. Wells drilled at the beginning of the 20th century originally flowed at the land surface, but in 1981 water levels ranged from 22 to 471 feet below land surface. A large cone of depression has formed as a result of ground water withdrawals near Miami. Wells completed in the Roubidoux aquifer have yields that range from about 100 to more than 1,000 gallons per minute.\r\nAn aquifer test and a digital ground-water flow model were used to estimate aquifer and confining-layer hydraulic characteristics. Using these methods, the transmissivity of the aquifer was estimated to be within a range of 400 to 700 square feet per day. The leakance of the confining layer was determined to be within a range from 0 to 0.13 per day, with a best estimate value in a range from 4.3 x 10-8 to 7.7 x 10-8 per day.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of water samples collected as part of this study and of water-quality data from earlier work indicate that a large areal change in major-ion chemistry occurs in ground water in the Roubidoux aquifer in northeastern Oklahoma. The ground water in the easternmost part of the study unit has relatively small dissolved-solids concentrations (less than 200 milligrams per liter) with calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate as the major ions. Ground water in the westernmost part of the study unit has relatively large dissolved-solids concentrations (greater than 800 milligrams per liter) with sodium and chloride as the major ions. A transition zone of intermediate sodium, chloride, and dissolved-solids concentrations exists between the easternmost and westernmost parts of the study unit.\r\n\r\nThree water-quality problems are apparent in the Roubidoux aquifer in northeast Oklahoma: (1) Contamination by mine water, (2) large concentrations of sodium and chloride, and (3) large radium-226 concentrations.\r\n\r\nMany wells in the mining area have been affected by mine-water contamination. At present (1990), all instances of ground-water contamination by mine water can be explained by faulty seals or leaky casings in wells that pass through the zone of mine workings and down to the Roubidoux aquifer. None of the data available to date demonstrate that mine water has migrated from the Boone Formation through the pores and fractures of the intervening geologic units to the Roubidoux aquifer.\r\n\r\nGround water with large concentrations of sodium and chloride occurs at some depth throughout the study unit. In the eastern part of the study unit, chloride concentrations greater than 250 milligrams per liter are found at depths greater than approximately 1,200 to 1,500 feet. Data are too few to determine the depth to ground water with large concentrations of sodium and chloride in the southern and southwestern parts of the study unit.\r\n\r\nLarge concentrations of gross-alpha radioactivity in ground water occur near the western edge of the transition zone. Generally, ground water with large concentrations of gross-alpha radioactivity was found to exceed the maximum contaminant level for radium-226.\r\n\r\n(available as photostat copy only)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90570","usgsCitation":"Christenson, S.C., Parkhurst, D.L., and Fairchild, R.W., 1990, Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux Aquifer, northeastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-570, Report: vi, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 20.60 x 31.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90570.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 110 p.; 1 Plate: 20.60 x 31.11 inches","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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W.","contributorId":79155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28511,"text":"wri894128 - 1990 - Hydrogeology of aquifers in Cretaceous and younger rocks in the vicinity of Onslow and southern Jones counties, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:55:25","indexId":"wri894128","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4128","title":"Hydrogeology of aquifers in Cretaceous and younger rocks in the vicinity of Onslow and southern Jones counties, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Unconsolidated sediments in Onslow and Jones Counties, North Carolina overlie crystalline basement rocks and range in thickness from about 700 ft to more than 1,800 ft, thickening toward the east. This material is composed of permeable sand and limestone interlayered with relatively impermeable clay and silt beds. Sediments are divided into two groups: aquifers in Quaternary-, and Tertiary-aged rocks and aquifers in Cretaceous-aged rocks. Aquifers in the Cretaceous rocks provide most of the groundwater for public supplies and are the focus of this report. The aquifers in Cretaceous rocks are the Peedee, Black Creek, upper Cape Fear, and lower Cape Fear aquifers, which are composed of beds or groups of beds of sand and gravel. Each aquifer is overlain by a clay and silt bed, that impedes the flow of water between aquifers. The thickness of Cretaceous hydrogeologic units ranges from about 700 ft to more than 1, 300 ft. Hydrogeologic units are correlated using 60 geophysical logs and accompanying drillers ' logs along with water level and water quality data. Three hydrogeologic sections demonstrate the continuity of the aquifers and confining units, show water levels and chloride concentration in water from test intervals, and delineate where chloride concentration in water exceeds 250 mg/L within each aquifer. Maps of each aquifer in Cretaceous rocks show altitude of its top, thickness, sand percentage, and the transition from freshwater to saltwater. Maps of the confining units show thickness and sand percentage of each.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894128","usgsCitation":"Lyke, W., and Winner, M.D., 1990, Hydrogeology of aquifers in Cretaceous and younger rocks in the vicinity of Onslow and southern Jones counties, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4128, v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894128.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57306,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4128/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4128/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57307,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4128/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57308,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4128/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57309,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4128/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57310,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4128/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57311,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4128/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57312,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4128/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57313,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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-77.27371215820312,\n              34.928726792983845\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.28744506835938,\n              34.93097858831627\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.30392456054688,\n              34.93660780623881\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3162841796875,\n              34.93885938523973\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.33688354492188,\n              34.93885938523973\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.354736328125,\n              34.93323032184192\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.36846923828125,\n              34.92647493584645\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.49343872070312,\n              34.97375095431686\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.63351440429688,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.68157958984375,\n              34.9793772355095\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6568603515625,\n              34.92422301690581\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6898193359375,\n              34.73371279665681\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.574462890625,\n              34.470335121217474\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.55386352539061,\n              34.468070755169244\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.52090454101562,\n              34.43636318093373\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a32e4b07f02db618286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyke, W.L.","contributorId":75551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyke","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winner, M. D. Jr.","contributorId":51766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winner","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28102,"text":"wri894126 - 1990 - Techniques for estimating flood-peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri894126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4126","title":"Techniques for estimating flood-peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in Ohio","docAbstract":"Multiple-regression equations are presented for estimating flood-peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years at ungaged sites on rural, unregulated streams in Ohio. The average standard errors of prediction for the equations range from 33.4% to 41.4%.  Peak discharge estimates determined by log-Pearson Type III analysis using data collected through the 1987 water year are reported for 275 streamflow-gaging stations. Ordinary least-squares multiple-regression techniques were used to divide the State into three regions and to identify a set of basin characteristics that help explain station-to- station variation in the log-Pearson estimates. Contributing drainage area, main-channel slope, and storage area were identified as suitable explanatory variables. Generalized least-square procedures, which include historical flow data and account for differences in the variance of flows at different gaging stations, spatial correlation among gaging station records, and variable lengths of station record were used to estimate the regression parameters. Weighted peak-discharge estimates computed as a function of the log-Pearson Type III and regression estimates are reported for each station. A method is provided to adjust regression estimates for ungaged sites by use of weighted and regression estimates for a gaged site located on the same stream. Limitations and shortcomings cited in an earlier report on the magnitude and frequency of floods in Ohio are addressed in this study. Geographic bias is no longer evident for the Maumee River basin of northwestern Ohio. No bias is found to be associated with the forested-area characteristic for the range used in the regression analysis (0.0 to 99.0%), nor is this characteristic significant in explaining peak discharges. Surface-mined area likewise is not significant in explaining peak discharges, and the regression equations are not biased when applied to basins having approximately 30% or less surface-mined area. Analyses of residuals indicate that the equations tend to overestimate flood-peak discharges for basins having approximately 30% or more surface-mined area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894126","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., and Roberts, J., 1990, Techniques for estimating flood-peak discharges of rural, unregulated streams in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4126, 68 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894126.","productDescription":"68 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56925,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56924,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4126/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6975af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, J.W.","contributorId":69160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27979,"text":"wri894198 - 1990 - Comparison of accuracy and completeness of data obtained from three types of automatic water-quality monitors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri894198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4198","title":"Comparison of accuracy and completeness of data obtained from three types of automatic water-quality monitors","docAbstract":"A comparison of data (specific conductance, dissolved-oxygen concentration, temperature, and pH) collected by the U.S. Geological Survey flowthrough monitor, the U.S. Geological Survey minimonitor, and a self-contained commercial 'packaged-sensor' system indicates that the data obtained by means of the most complete of the three systems.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey flowthrough monitor is powered by 120-volt alternating current and in a heated weather-proof shelter. A pumping system brings water from the stream to sensors clustered in a sample clustered in a sample chamber located in the shelter. This instrument measures output from the senors; data are recorded in binary-coded decimal form on a 16-channel punched-paper tape recorder tape recorder housed in the shelter.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey's minimonitor is powered by an external battery and is housed in a weatherproof shelter. This instrument measures output of instream sensors with extension cables having underwater connectors; data are recorded in binary-coded decimal form on a 16-channel punched-paper tape recorder housed in the shelter.\r\n\r\nThe packaged-sensor system also measures output of senors housed in a packages that is submerged in the stream. It has internal power supply, no moving parts, and does not requires a weatherproof shelter; data are stored are stored in solid-state memory.\r\n\r\nMinimonitors were installed at four sites in Ohio where U.S. Geological survey flowthrough were in operation. Two package-sensor systems also were assigned to each site and were alternated every two weeks. Detailed records were kept of (1) field measurements, for comparison with monitor-system data from each instrument, and (2) equipment problems that resulted in loss of data. Results of the comparisons shows that the flow-through monitor gave the most accurate and the most complete data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894198","usgsCitation":"Katzenbach, M., 1990, Comparison of accuracy and completeness of data obtained from three types of automatic water-quality monitors: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4198, v, 65 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894198.","productDescription":"v, 65 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4198/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae40d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katzenbach, Max","contributorId":43000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzenbach","given":"Max","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25979,"text":"wri874213 - 1990 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri874213","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4213","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Nevada","docAbstract":"The stream-gaging network in Nevada was evaluated as part of a nationwide effort by the U.S. Geological Survey to define and document the most cost-effective means of furnishing streamflow information. Specifically, the study dealt with 79 streamflow gages and 2 canal-flow gages that were under the direct operation of Nevada personnel as of 1983. Cost-effective allocations of resources, including budget and operational criteria, were studied using statistical procedures known as Kalman-filtering techniques. The possibility of developing streamflow data at ungaged sites was evaluated using flow-routing and statistical regression analyses. Neither of these methods provided sufficiently accurate results to warrant their use in place of stream gaging. The 81 gaging stations were being operated in 1983 with a budget of $465,500. As a result of this study, all existing stations were determined to be necessary components of the program for the foreseeable future. At the 1983 funding level, the average standard error of streamflow records was nearly 28%. This same overall level of accuracy could have been maintained with a budget of approximately $445,000 if the funds were redistributed more equitably among the gages. The maximum budget analyzed, $1,164 ,000 would have resulted in an average standard error of 11%. The study indicates that a major source of error is lost data. If perfectly operating equipment were available, the standard error for the 1983 program and budget could have been reduced to 21%. (Thacker-USGS, WRD)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874213","usgsCitation":"Arteaga, F., 1990, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4213, v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874213.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4213/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54733,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4213/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683ebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arteaga, F.E.","contributorId":50918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arteaga","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26033,"text":"wri904053 - 1990 - Flow characteristics of streams that drain the Fort Apache and San Carlos Indian reservations, east-central Arizona, 1930-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri904053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4053","title":"Flow characteristics of streams that drain the Fort Apache and San Carlos Indian reservations, east-central Arizona, 1930-86","docAbstract":"Streamflow characteristics of the Salt River and Gila River basins in the Fort Apache and San Carlos Indian Reservations, were studied in response to pending adjudication of water resources in those basins. Statistical summaries were compiled for 28 streamflow-gaging stations in and near the reservation. Mean annual streamflow for 1930-86 was computed for stations with complete records for the period; for those stations with records that did not completely cover the 1930-86 period, record extension techniques were used. Mean annual streamflow for ungaged sites on streams with gaging stations was estimated by interpolation between data points using drainage-area ratios. Two regional-regression equations were derived to estimate mean annual streamflow at sites on ungaged natural streams. The standard error of the regression for estimation of mean annual flow for sites in the Salt River basin is -37 to +59%. The standard error of the regression for estimation of mean annual flow for sites in the Gila River basins is -18 to +21%. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904053","usgsCitation":"Baldys, S., and Bayles, J., 1990, Flow characteristics of streams that drain the Fort Apache and San Carlos Indian reservations, east-central Arizona, 1930-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4053, iv, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904053.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54813,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4053/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df1f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayles, J.A.","contributorId":23179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayles","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27748,"text":"wri904015 - 1990 - Recharge rates and aquifer hydraulic characteristics for selected drainage basins in middle and east Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri904015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4015","title":"Recharge rates and aquifer hydraulic characteristics for selected drainage basins in middle and east Tennessee","docAbstract":"Quantitative information concerning aquifer hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics is needed to manage the development of ground-water resources. These characteristics are poorly defined for the bedrock aquifers in Middle and East Tennessee where demand for water is increasing. This report presents estimates of recharge rate, storage coefficient, diffusivity, and transmissivity for representative drainage basins in Middle and East Tennessee, as determined from analyses of stream-aquifer interactions. The drainage basins have been grouped according to the underlying major aquifer, then statistical descriptions applied to each group, in order to define area1 distribution of these characteristics.\r\n\r\nAquifer recharge rates are estimated for representative low, average, and high flow years for 63 drainage basins using hydrograph analysis techniques. Net annual recharge during average flow years for all basins ranges from 4.1 to 16.8 in/yr (inches per year), with a mean value of 7.3 in. In general, recharge rates are highest for basins underlain by the Blue Ridge aquifer (mean value11.7 in/yr) and lowest for basins underlain by the Central Basin aquifer (mean value 5.6 in/yr). Mean recharge values for the Cumberland Plateau, Highland Rim, and Valley and Ridge aquifers are 6.5, 7.4, and 6.6 in/yr, respectively.\r\n\r\nGravity drainage characterizes ground-water flow in most surficial bedrock aquifer in Tennessee. Accordingly, a gravity yield analysis, which compares concurrent water-level and streamflow hydrographs, was used to estimate aquifer storage coefficient for nine study basins. The basin estimates range from 0.002 to 0.140; however, most estimates are within a narrow range of values, from 0.01 to 0.025. Accordingly, storage coefficient is estimated to be 0.01 for all aquifers in Middle and East Tennessee, with the exception of the aquifer in the inner part of the Central Basin, for which storage coefficient is estimated to be 0.002.\r\n\r\nEstimates of aquifer hydraulic diffusivity are derived from estimates of the streamflow recession index and drainage density for 75 drainage basins; values range from 3,300 to 130,000 ft^2/d (feet squared per day). Basin-specific and site-specific estimates of transmissivity are computed from estimates of hydraulic diffusivity and specific-capacity test data, respectively. Basin-specific, or areal, estimates of transmissivity range from 22 to 1,300 ft^2/d, with a mean of 240 ft^2/d In general, areal transmissivity is highest for basins underlain by the Cumberland Plateau aquifer (mean value 480 ft^2/d) and lowest for basins underlain by the Central Basin aquifer (mean value 79 ft^2/d). Mean transmissivity values for the Highland Rim, Valley and Ridge, and Blue Ridge aquifer are 320,140, and 120 ft^2/d respectively. Site-specific estimates of transmissivity, computed from specific-capacity data from 118 test wells in Middle and East Tennessee range from 2 to 93,000 ft^2/d with a mean of 2,600 ft^2/d Mean transmissivity values for the Cumberland Plateau, Highland Rim, Central Basin, Valley and Ridge, and Blue Ridge aquifers are 2,800,1,200, 7,800, 390, and 65Oft Id, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904015","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A., 1990, Recharge rates and aquifer hydraulic characteristics for selected drainage basins in middle and east Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4015, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904015.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2125,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, A.B.","contributorId":23572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"A.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27747,"text":"wri904044 - 1990 - Effects of storm-water runoff on local ground-water quality, Clarksville, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri904044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4044","title":"Effects of storm-water runoff on local ground-water quality, Clarksville, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Storm-related water-quality data were collected at a drainage-well site and at a spring site in Clarksville, Tennessee, to define the effects of storm-water runoff on the quality of ground water in the area. A dye-trace test verified the direct hydraulic connection between the drainage well and Mobley Spring. Samples of storm run off and spring flow were collected at these sites for nine storms during the period February to October 1988. Water samples were collected also from Mobley Spring and two other springs and two observation wells in the area during dry-weather conditions to assess the general quality of ground water in an urban karst terrain.\r\n\r\nEvaluation of the effect of storm-water runoff on the quality of local ground water is complicated by the presence of other sources of contaminants in the area Concentrations and load for most major constituents were much smaller in storm-water runoff at the drainage well than in the discharge of Mobley Spring, indicating that much of the chemical constituent load discharged from the spring comes from sources other than the drainage well. However, for some of the minor constituents associated with roadway runoff (arsenic, copper, lead, organic carbon, and oil and grease), the drainage well contributed relatively large amounts of these constituents to local ground water during storms. The close correlation between concentrations of total organic carbon and concentrations of most trace metals at the drainage-well and Mobley Spring sites indicates that these constituents are transported together. Many trace metals were flushed early during each runoff event.\r\n\r\nMean storm loads for copper, lead, zinc, and four nutrient species (total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphorus) in storm-water runoff at the drainage-well site were lower than mean storm load predicted from an existing regression model. The overprediction by the model may be a result of the small size of the drainage area relative to the range of drainage areas used in the development of the models, or to the below-normal amounts of rainfall during the period of sampling for this investigation. Loads& in storm-water runoff for 22 constituents were extrapolated from sampled storms to total loads for the period February to October 1988. Calculated loads for trace metals for the period ranged from 0.030pound.s for cadmium to 12pound.s for strontium. Loads of the primary nutrients ranged from 0.97pounds for nitrite as nitrogen to 34pounds of organic nitrogen.\r\n\r\nStorm-water quality at the drainage-well and Mobley Spring sites was compared to background water quality of the local aquifer; as characterized by dry-weather samples from three springs and two observation wells in the Clarksville area. Concentrations of total-recoverable cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and nickel were higher in many stormwater samples from both the drainage-well and Mobley Spring sites than in samples from any other site. In addition, concentrations of total organic carbon, methylene blue active substances, and total-recoverable oil and grease were generally higher in storm-water samples from the drainage-well site than in any ground-water sample.\r\n\r\nDensities of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus bacteria and concentrations of total recoverable iron, manganese, and methylene blue active substances in storm samples from the drainage-well site exceeded the maximum contaminant levels listed in Tennessee?s drinking-water standards (1988) by as much as 2,500 and 5,500 colonies per 100 milliliters, and 2.7, 0.29, and 0.05 milligrams per liter, respectively. Densities of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus bacteria and concentrations of total-recoverable iron, manganese, and lead in storm samples from Mobley Spring exceeded the maximum contaminant levels by as much as 500 and 4,500 colonies per 100 milliliters, and 18.7,0.65, and 0.02 milligrams per liter, respectively. For iron, manganese, and bacteria, these undesirable","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904044","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A.B., 1990, Effects of storm-water runoff on local ground-water quality, Clarksville, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4044, v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904044.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2124,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_90_4044.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27692,"text":"wri904048 - 1990 - PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri904048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4048","title":"PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations","docAbstract":"This report documents PCG2 : a numerical code to be used with the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model . PCG2 uses the preconditioned conjugate-gradient method to solve the equations produced by the model for hydraulic head. Linear or nonlinear flow conditions may be simulated. PCG2 includes two reconditioning options : modified incomplete Cholesky preconditioning, which is efficient on scalar computers; and polynomial preconditioning, which requires less computer storage and, with modifications that depend on the computer used, is most efficient on vector computers . Convergence of the solver is determined using both head-change and residual criteria. Nonlinear problems are solved using Picard iterations. This documentation provides a description of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method and the two preconditioners, detailed instructions for linking PCG2 to the modular model, sample data inputs, a brief description of PCG2, and a FORTRAN listing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri904048","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 1990, PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4048, iii, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904048.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2226,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_90_4048.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19244,"text":"ofr90398 - 1990 - Water-quality trends and basin activities and characteristics for the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system, North Carolina and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T09:56:08","indexId":"ofr90398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-398","title":"Water-quality trends and basin activities and characteristics for the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system, North Carolina and Virginia","docAbstract":"The Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system has a total basin area of nearly 31,000 square miles and includes the Neuse, Tar, Pamlico, Roanoke, Chowan, and Alligator Rivers, and the Albemarle, Pamlico, Currituck, Croatan, and Roanoke Sounds. Albemarle Sound receives the greatest freshwater inflow of all the sounds in the estuarine system. Inflow to this sound averages about 13,500 cubic feet per second. Inflow to Pamlico Sound from the Pamlico River averages around 5,400 cubic feet per second, and average inflow into the Neuse River estuary is about 6,100 cubic feet per second. Approximately one-half of the inflow into the system is from ground-water discharge.\r\n\r\nThe Neuse River basin has had the greatest increases in wastewater discharges (650 percent since the 1950's) and had the greatesttotal wastewater discharges of any of the basins in the study area, averaging about 200 million gallons per day in 1988. Wastewater discharges into the Neuse and Tar Rivers were nearly equal to the 7-day, 10-year low flows for these rivers.\r\n\r\nLand-use data compiled in 1973 for the lower parts of the Neuse River basin and lower part of the Tar-Pamlico River basin indicate that 25 percent of the area was evergreen forest, 25 percent was forested wetlands, 20 percent was cropland and pasture, 12 percent was mixed forest, 10 percent was nonforested wetland, and 4 percent was urban. The amount of nonforested wetland in the part of the study area along the Outer Banks declined 6.5 percent from 1973 to 1983.\r\n\r\nThe numbers of farms and acreage in agricultural use in the study area have declined since the 1920's. A decrease of more than 60 percentin the number of farms was shown between the early 1950's and 1982. Fertilizer sales increased through the 1970's, but declined in the 1980's. Manufacturing employment has increased in the last 30 years, while agricultural employment has decreased.\r\n\r\nData from seven stations of the U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network were used to evaluate water quality for the major streams flowing into the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system. Water-quality data for 296 stations in the estuarine system were examined for the period 1945-88.\r\n\r\nThe statistical test used for trend analysis was the Seasonal Kendall test (Hirsch and others, 1982). This nonparametric procedure is useful for analyses of water-quality properties that show non-normally distributed frequency distributions. The Seasonal Kendall trend analyses of water-quality data indicate that change has occurred in the water quality of the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system from 1945 to 1988. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations increased at a mean rate of 0.1 milligram per liter per year throughout the estuarine system, except in the Chowan River where decreases of approximately 0.06 milligram per liter per year occurred. In general, pH increased in streams throughout the area at a mean rate of 0.04 pH unit per year, except in the Pamlico River where pH decreased by 0.03 pH unit per year. A general increase in pH and dissolved-oxygen concentrations (if daytime measurements) might be indicative of more productive estuary conditions for algal growth. Suspended-solids concentrations decreased throughout the area at a mean rate of 1.1 milligrams per liter per year, probably as a result of a general decrease in suspended inorganic material. Increasing trends of salinity concentrations, as much as 0.1 part per thousand per year, were detected in Albemarle Sound. \r\n\r\nTotal ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations decreased (-0.03 milligram per liter per year) in streams throughout most of the area but increased (0.02 milligram per liter per year) in the Pamlico River. However, ammonia nitrogen concentrations decreased (-0.0035 milligram per liter per year) in the Pamlico River; therefore, increases in organic nitrogen probably caused the observed increase in combined ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations. This probably results from increas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr90398","usgsCitation":"Harned, D., and Davenport, M., 1990, Water-quality trends and basin activities and characteristics for the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system, North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-398, xii, 164 p. (some folded) :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90398.","productDescription":"xii, 164 p. (some folded) :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0398/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48699,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0398/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48700,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0398/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48701,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0398/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48702,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0398/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48703,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0398/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48704,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0398/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48705,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0398/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48706,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0398/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":26283,"text":"wri894063 - 1990 - Potential hazards from floodflows in Grapevine Canyon, Death Valley National Monument, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T22:01:02.712872","indexId":"wri894063","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4063","title":"Potential hazards from floodflows in Grapevine Canyon, Death Valley National Monument, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Grapevine Canyon is on the western slope of the Grapevine Mountains in the northern part of Death Valley National Monument , California and Nevada. Grapevine Canyon Road covers the entire width of the canyon floor in places and is a frequently traveled route to Scotty 's Castle in the canyon. The region is arid and subject to flash flooding because of infrequent but intense convective storms. When these storms occur, normally in the summer, the resulting floods may create a hazard to visitor safety and property. Historical data on rainfall and floodflow in Grapevine Canyon are sparse. Data from studies made for similar areas in the desert mountains of southern California provide the basis for estimating discharges and the corresponding frequency of floods in the study area. Results of this study indicate that high-velocity flows of water and debris , even at shallow depths, may scour and damage Grapevine Canyon Road. When discharge exceeds 4,900 cu ft/sec, expected at a recurrence interval of between 25 and 50 years, the Scotty 's Castle access road and bridge may be damaged and the parking lot partly inundated. A flood having a 100-year or greater recurrence interval probably would wash out the bridge and present a hazard to the stable and garage buildings but not to the castle buildings, whose foundations are higher than the predicted maximum flood level.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894063","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.C., 1990, Potential hazards from floodflows in Grapevine Canyon, Death Valley National Monument, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4063, Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 25.50 x 22.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894063.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 25.50 x 22.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411455,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47177.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55091,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4063/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4063/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley National Monument, Grapevine Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.3425,\n              37.0333\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3425,\n              37.0267\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3358,\n              37.0267\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3358,\n              37.0333\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3425,\n              37.0333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db68319e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, J. C.","contributorId":57106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27087,"text":"wri894089 - 1990 - Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T10:21:39","indexId":"wri894089","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4089","title":"Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86","docAbstract":"<p>An intensive data-collection program for the Black Earth Creek basin in southern Wisconsin was conducted from October 1984 through September 1986 to assess the hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality in Black Earth Creek by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Three sites on two cold-water trout streams Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains, Black Earth Creek near Cross Plains, and Garfoot Creek near Cross Plains were continuously monitored for streamflow and water-quality data. One site in a warm-water stream, Brewery Creek at Cross Plains, also was monitored. Aquatic macrophyte biomass was determined for three sites on Black Earth Creek.</p>\n<p>Streamflow at Black Earth Creek at Black Earth during the 1985 and 1986 water years (WY) were 44 and 60 percent greater than the long-term mean discharge of 33.3 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) for the period 1955-86. Water year 1986 had the highest annual mean discharge, 53.4 ft3/s, since records began in 1954 at the most downstream site Black Earth Creek at Black Earth. Although there have been considerable fluctuations in streamflow, it has tended to increase since WY 1965 as a result of above-average precipitation and consequent rising ground-water levels.</p>\n<p>Trout population densities may be related to annual mean streamflow. A regression analysis of adult trout populations and the 3-year moving annual mean discharge had a correlation coefficient of 0.75 with a standard error of 83 percent.</p>\n<p>Aquatic macrophyte biomass in Black Earth Creek was substantially less in 1986 than in 1985 as a result of substrate scouring from the flood of July 25, 1985. The frequency of occurrence of species during 1985 and 1986 was similar to that of 1981, and seasonal succession of species also was similar; Potamogeton crispus dominated early in the year and senesced in July. P. crispus and P. pectinatus, both indicative of eutrophic conditions, dominated upstream and downstream, respectively; neither species is native to the area. In 1985, the greatest biomass was found upstream from Cross Plains. This large biomass caused diurnal fluctuations in dissolved-oxygen concentration of 5 to 6 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as a result of photosynthesis and respiration. Many of the dissolved-oxygen minimums, recorded at night, were less than the State 6.0-mg/L water-quality standard for trout waters. Discharge from point sources may adversely affect Black Earth Creek's water quality. Warm water discharged to Black Earth Creek from a gravel pit operation upstream from Cross Plains increased water temperatures 2 to 4 degrees Celsius and decreased the dissolved oxygen about 1 mg/L at a site 1.8 miles downstream. Runoff from a settling pond from a landfill operation in the headwaters of the Black Earth Creek basin drains through a wetland that drains to Black Earth Creek and contained as much as 60 mg/L ammonia nitrogen, 980 mg/L biochemical oxygen demand, and 1,300 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, which may be detrimental to trout.</p>\n<p>Garfoot Creek had the highest suspended-sediment and phosphorus yields per unit area of the three upstream basins during low to moderate runoff. Detention ponds in the Brewery Creek basin appear to be less effective in controlling suspended-sediment and phosphorus loads during periods of high runoff than during moderate runoff. Brewery Creek had the highest concentrations of suspended sediment and total phosphorus during low and high flows. The water quality at the Black Earth Creek gaging station at Black Earth was affected by Garfoot Creek and unnamed tributaries. As a result, yields of suspended sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen increased between Cross Plains and Black Earth. High streamflows during WY 1985 resulted in suspendedsediment yields at Black Earth Creek at Black Earth that were 29 percent greater than the 12-year (1955-65, 85-86) mean; yields ranged from 69.5 ton/mi2 (tons per square mile) in Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains to 116 ton/mi2 in the Brewery Creek basin. Phosphorus yields ranged from 312 lb/mi2 (pounds per square mile) in Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains to 628 lb/mi2 in the Brewery Creek basin. Total nitrogen yields ranged from 3,280 lb/mi2 in the Brewery Creek basin to 6,920 lb/mi2 in the Garfoot Creek basin.</p>\n<p>An increase in oxygen demand, caused by agricultural runoff, has resulted in reduced dissolved-oxygen content of the water in both Black Earth and Garfoot Creeks. The most substantial reduction occurred at Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains on July 25, 1985, as a result of the largest storm runoff event during the study. A rainfall of 5.54 inches caused streamflow discharges to increase from 9 to 122 ft3/s and dissolved-oxygen concentrations to decline to 3.0 mg/L; the dissolved-oxygen concentration was less than 6.0 mg/L for 30 hours.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., and Graczyk, D., 1990, Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4089, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894089.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55953,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4089/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.72911834716797,\n              43.18440150752066\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.791259765625,\n              43.09170711357466\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.66697692871094,\n              43.06838615478111\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.54132080078125,\n              43.04555812998933\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53239440917969,\n              43.11401670811261\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.51934814453125,\n              43.13130731581085\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.52587127685547,\n              43.14082759275761\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.72911834716797,\n              43.18440150752066\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc71d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graczyk, D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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