{"pageNumber":"1900","pageRowStart":"47475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184569,"records":[{"id":98501,"text":"ofr20101120 - 2010 - Thermal Imaging of the Waccasassa Bay Preserve: Image Acquisition and Processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"ofr20101120","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1120","title":"Thermal Imaging of the Waccasassa Bay Preserve: Image Acquisition and Processing","docAbstract":"Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery was acquired along coastal Levy County, Florida, in March 2009 with the goal of identifying groundwater-discharge locations in Waccasassa Bay Preserve State Park (WBPSP). Groundwater discharge is thermally distinct in winter when Floridan aquifer temperature, 71-72 degrees F, contrasts with the surrounding cold surface waters. Calibrated imagery was analyzed to assess temperature anomalies and related thermal traces. The influence of warm Gulf water and image artifacts on small features was successfully constrained by image evaluation in three separate zones: Creeks, Bay, and Gulf. Four levels of significant water-temperature anomalies were identified, and 488 sites of interest were mapped. Among the sites identified, at least 80 were determined to be associated with image artifacts and human activity, such as excavation pits and the Florida Barge Canal. Sites of interest were evaluated for geographic concentration and isolation. High site densities, indicating interconnectivity and prevailing flow, were located at Corrigan Reef, No. 4 Channel, Winzy Creek, Cow Creek, Withlacoochee River, and at excavation sites. In other areas, low to moderate site density indicates the presence of independent vents and unique flow paths. A directional distribution assessment of natural seep features produced a northwest trend closely matching the strike direction of regional faults. Naturally occurring seeps were located in karst ponds and tidal creeks, and several submerged sites were detected in Waccasassa River and Bay, representing the first documentation of submarine vents in the Waccasassa region. Drought conditions throughout the region placed constraints on positive feature identification. Low discharge or displacement by landward movement of saltwater may have reduced or reversed flow during this season. Approximately two-thirds of seep locations in the overlap between 2009 and 2005 TIR night imagery were positively re-identified in 2009. These results indicate a 33 percent chance of feature omission in the 2009 imagery. This assessment of seep location and distribution contributes to an understanding of the underlying geology, the role of fault and fracture patterns, and the presence of both interconnected and constrained flow paths in the region. The maps and evaluations will enhance Park management efforts, interpretation of Park resources, and increase understanding of the combined effects of land and water use on the coastal lowlands, estuarine habitats, and natural resources of WBPSP. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Waccasassa Bay Preserve State Park and Florida Springs Initiative","usgsCitation":"Raabe, E.A., and Bialkowska-Jelinska, E., 2010, Thermal Imaging of the Waccasassa Bay Preserve: Image Acquisition and Processing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1120, vii, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101120.","productDescription":"vii, 91 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1120.jpg"},{"id":13889,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.33333333333333,29 ], [ -83.33333333333333,29.466666666666665 ], [ -82.5,29.466666666666665 ], [ -82.5,29 ], [ -83.33333333333333,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raabe, Ellen A. eraabe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","email":"eraabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bialkowska-Jelinska, Elzbieta","contributorId":35408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bialkowska-Jelinska","given":"Elzbieta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98503,"text":"ofr20101144 - 2010 - Public Review Draft: A Method for Assessing Carbon Stocks, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the United States Under Present Conditions and Future Scenarios","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98503,"text":"ofr20101144 - 2010 - Public Review Draft: A Method for Assessing Carbon Stocks, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the United States Under Present Conditions and Future Scenarios","indexId":"ofr20101144","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Public Review Draft: A Method for Assessing Carbon Stocks, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the United States Under Present Conditions and Future Scenarios"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98900,"text":"sir20105233 - 2010 - A method for assessing carbon stocks, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the United States under present conditions and future scenarios","indexId":"sir20105233","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"A method for assessing carbon stocks, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the United States under present conditions and future scenarios"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":98900,"text":"sir20105233 - 2010 - A method for assessing carbon stocks, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the United States under present conditions and future scenarios","indexId":"sir20105233","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"A method for assessing carbon stocks, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the United States under present conditions and future scenarios"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:01","indexId":"ofr20101144","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1144","title":"Public Review Draft: A Method for Assessing Carbon Stocks, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the United States Under Present Conditions and Future Scenarios","docAbstract":"The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA), Section 712, authorizes the U.S. Department of the Interior to develop a methodology and conduct an assessment of the Nation's ecosystems focusing on carbon stocks, carbon sequestration, and emissions of three greenhouse gases (GHGs): carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The major requirements include (1) an assessment of all ecosystems (terrestrial systems, such as forests, croplands, wetlands, shrub and grasslands; and aquatic ecosystems, such as rivers, lakes, and estuaries), (2) an estimation of annual potential capacities of ecosystems to increase carbon sequestration and reduce net GHG emissions in the context of mitigation strategies (including management and restoration activities), and (3) an evaluation of the effects of controlling processes, such as climate change, land use and land cover, and wildlfires. The purpose of this draft methodology for public review is to propose a technical plan to conduct the assessment. \r\nWithin the methodology, the concepts of ecosystems, carbon pools, and GHG fluxes used for the assessment follow conventional definitions in use by major national and international assessment or inventory efforts. In order to estimate current ecosystem carbon stocks and GHG fluxes and to understand the potential capacity and effects of mitigation strategies, the method will use two time periods for the assessment: 2001 through 2010, which establishes a current ecosystem GHG baseline and will be used to validate the models; and 2011 through 2050, which will be used to assess future potential conditions based on a set of projected scenarios. The scenario framework is constructed using storylines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report Emission Scenarios (SRES), along with initial reference land-use and land-cover (LULC) and land-management scenarios. An additional three LULC and land-management mitigation scenarios will be constructed for each storyline to enhance carbon sequestration and reduce GHG fluxes in ecosystems. Input from regional experts and stakeholders will be solicited to construct realistic and meaningful scenarios. \r\nThe methods for mapping the current LULC and ecosystem disturbances will require the extensive use of both remote-sensing data and in-situ (for example, forest inventory data) to capture and characterize landscape-change events. For future potential LULC and ecosystem disturbances, key drivers such as socioeconomic, policy, and climate assumptions will be used in addition to biophysical data. The product of these analyses will be a series of maps for each future year for each scenario. These annual maps will form the basis for estimating carbon storage and GHG emissions. For terrestrial ecosystems, carbon storage, carbon-sequestration capacities, and GHG emissions under the current and projected future conditions will be assessed using the LULC and ecosystem-disturbance estimates in map format with a spatially explicit biogeochemical ensemble modeling system that incorporates properties of management activities (such as tillage or harvesting) and properties of individual ecosystems (such as elevation, vegetation characteristics, and soil attributes). For aquatic ecosystems, carbon burial in sediments and GHG fluxes are functions of the current and projected future stream flow and sediment transports, and therefore will be assessed using empirical modeling methods. Validation and uncertainty analysis methods described in the methodology will follow established guidelines to assess the quality of the assessment results. \r\nThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Level II ecoregions map (which delineates 24 ecoregions for the Nation) will be the practical instrument for developing and delivering assessment results. Consequently, the ecoregion will be the reporting unit of the assessment because the mitigation scenarios, assessment results, validation, and uncertainty analysis will be","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101144","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B., Bernknopf, R., Clow, D., Dye, D., Faulkner, S., Forney, W., Gleason, R., Hawbaker, T., Liu, J., Liu, S., Prisley, S., Reed, B., Reeves, M., Rollins, M., Sleeter, B., Sohl, T., Stackpoole, S., Stehman, S., Striegl, R.G., Wein, A., and Zhu, Z., 2010, Public Review Draft: A Method for Assessing Carbon Stocks, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse-Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems of the United States Under Present Conditions and Future Scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1144, xviii, 196 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101144.","productDescription":"xviii, 196 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1144.jpg"},{"id":13891,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1144","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db656127","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505753,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard","contributorId":51701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David","contributorId":21920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dye, Dennis","contributorId":54159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dye","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen 0000-0001-5295-1383","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":65439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Forney, William","contributorId":23509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gleason, 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Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Prisley, Stephen","contributorId":26272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prisley","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Reed, Bradley","contributorId":12820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Reeves, Matthew","contributorId":95437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rollins, 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Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang","contributorId":70726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":98504,"text":"fs20103051 - 2010 - Use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in petroleum polluted waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-02T10:16:13","indexId":"fs20103051","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3051","title":"Use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in petroleum polluted waters","docAbstract":"Passive samplers, in particular semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), can be used in monitoring petroleum spills. This document is intended to provide a brief discussion of issues surrounding the use and capabilities of the SPMD.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103051","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D.A., 2010, Use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in petroleum polluted waters: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3051, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103051.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3051.jpg"},{"id":13893,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60516c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709 dalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":1369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","email":"dalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98500,"text":"fs20103044 - 2010 - Gulf of Mexico Climate-History Calibration Study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"fs20103044","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3044","title":"Gulf of Mexico Climate-History Calibration Study","docAbstract":"Reliable instrumental records of past climate are available for about the last 150 years only. To supplement the instrumental record, reconstructions of past climate are made from natural recorders such as trees, ice, corals, and microfossils preserved in sediments. These proxy records provide information on the rate and magnitude of past climate variability, factors that are critical to distinguishing between natural and human-induced climate change in the present. However, the value of proxy records is heavily dependent on calibration between the chemistry of the natural recorder and of the modern environmental conditions. The Gulf of Mexico Climate and Environmental History Project is currently undertaking a climate-history calibration study with material collected from an automated sediment trap. The primary focus of the calibration study is to provide a better calibration of low-latitude environmental conditions and shell chemistry of calcareous microfossils, such as planktic Foraminifera. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103044","usgsCitation":"Spear, J.W., and Poore, R.Z., 2010, Gulf of Mexico Climate-History Calibration Study: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3044, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103044.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3044.jpg"},{"id":13888,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,20 ], [ -100,32 ], [ -80,32 ], [ -80,20 ], [ -100,20 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spear, Jessica W. jspear@usgs.gov","contributorId":3619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Jessica","email":"jspear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98502,"text":"ofr20101095 - 2010 - A Review of Aeromagnetic Anomalies in the Sawatch Range, Central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"ofr20101095","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1095","title":"A Review of Aeromagnetic Anomalies in the Sawatch Range, Central Colorado","docAbstract":"This report contains digital data and image files of aeromagnetic anomalies in the Sawatch Range of central Colorado. The primary product is a data layer of polygons with linked data records that summarize previous interpretations of aeromagnetic anomalies in this region. None of these data files and images are new; rather, they are presented in updated formats that are intended to be used as input to geographic information systems, standard graphics software, or map-plotting packages.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101095","usgsCitation":"Bankey, V., 2010, A Review of Aeromagnetic Anomalies in the Sawatch Range, Central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1095, iii, 5 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101095.","productDescription":"iii, 5 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":266,"text":"Environmental Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1095.jpg"},{"id":13890,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107,38 ], [ -107,39.75 ], [ -105.75,39.75 ], [ -105.75,38 ], [ -107,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4966e4b0b290850ef21b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bankey, Viki viki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bankey","given":"Viki","email":"viki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98498,"text":"ofr20101135 - 2010 - Initial Results from a Study of Climatic Changes and the Effect on Wild Sheep Habitat in Selected Study Areas of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"ofr20101135","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1135","title":"Initial Results from a Study of Climatic Changes and the Effect on Wild Sheep Habitat in Selected Study Areas of Alaska","docAbstract":"Climate change theorists have projected striking changes in local weather on earth due to increases in temperature. These predicted changes may cause melting glaciers and ice caps, rising sea levels, increasing desertification and other environmental changes which seem likely to affect presumed indicator species as harbingers of more significant changes. Wild sheep, even though they are one of the more successful mammalian taxa since Pleistocene times, exhibit a suite of adaptations to glacier driven environments which may be presumed to render them sensitive to environmental changes. The authors began investigation with these assumptions by comparing changes, as determined by satellite imagery, in glacier extent in our study areas in Denali National Park, Alaska, during the last 30 years. Our findings showed the extent of glacial retreat in Alaska during this time period was approximately 40-50 percent as measured by ablation zone and retreat of terminal moraines. During the first half of this 30-year period, Dall sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) populations were stable at historically recorded highs. In the early to mid-1990s, Dall sheep populations in Alaska declined from an historical estimated high of 75,000 sheep to the presently estimated 40-50,000. The declines seemed to be weather related, on the basis of the presumption that lamb survival rates are primarily weather-mediated in Alaska. Changes in local weather appear, at this point, to be correlated with oscillation in the Pacific Current in the Northern Pacific ocean. Of course, changes in local weather affect forage abundance and quality seasonally. In investigating a possible linkage of weather to seasonal forage abundance and quality, we also investigated changes in snow and ice extent and distribution, as well as increased water runoff associated with permafrost and depleted glaciers. Databases were assembled from a wide variety of remotely sensed satellite data, ground-based observations, and historical data bases relating to Dall sheep habitats in selected study areas. Alaska's sheep habitats are typified by long, narrow bands of mountainous uplifts generally arrayed west-to-east, and perpendicular to prevailing south-to-north weather-front movements. Classic Dall sheep habitat occurs on snow-shadowed slopes within these narrow mountainous habitats. On the basis of these data, we offer an explanatory hypothesis relating Dall sheep welfare to weather and climate-influenced nutrition and a monitoring scheme, which should produce data sufficient to test the robustness of this hypothesis. If correlated with population changes, the methods used in our comparative observations may provide long-term monitoring tools for wildlife managers and be applicable in other widely-dispersed wild sheep habitats. If no significant correlations emerge from our modeling exercises, the notion that wild sheep are a sufficiently sensitive species to be seen as an indicator species will have to be reexamined. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101135","usgsCitation":"Pfeifer, E., Ruhlman, J., Middleton, B., Dye, D., and Acosta, A., 2010, Initial Results from a Study of Climatic Changes and the Effect on Wild Sheep Habitat in Selected Study Areas of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1135, iv, 39 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101135.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1135.jpg"},{"id":13886,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.33333333333334,63.166666666666664 ], [ -150.33333333333334,63.666666666666664 ], [ -149,63.666666666666664 ], [ -149,63.166666666666664 ], [ -150.33333333333334,63.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pfeifer, Edwin epfeifer@usgs.gov","contributorId":569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeifer","given":"Edwin","email":"epfeifer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruhlman, Jana","contributorId":93013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhlman","given":"Jana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Barry","contributorId":38119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dye, Dennis","contributorId":54159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dye","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Acosta, Alex aacosta@usgs.gov","contributorId":73557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acosta","given":"Alex","email":"aacosta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037196,"text":"70037196 - 2010 - Impacts of exotic mangrove forests and mangrove deforestation on carbon remineralization and ecosystem functioning in marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T15:56:01.29745","indexId":"70037196","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of exotic mangrove forests and mangrove deforestation on carbon remineralization and ecosystem functioning in marine sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>To evaluate how mangrove invasion and removal can modify short-term benthic carbon cycling and ecosystem functioning, we used stable-isotopically labeled algae as a deliberate tracer to quantify benthic respiration and C-flow over 48 h through macrofauna and bacteria in sediments collected from (1) an invasive mangrove forest, (2) deforested mangrove sites 2 and 6 years after removal of above-sediment mangrove biomass, and (3) two mangrove-free control sites in the Hawaiian coastal zone. Sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) rates averaged over each 48 h investigation were significantly greater in the mangrove and mangrove removal site experiments than in controls and were significantly correlated with total benthic (macrofauna and bacteria) biomass and sedimentary mangrove biomass (SMB). Bacteria dominated short-term C-processing of added microalgal-C and benthic biomass in sediments from the invasive mangrove forest habitat and in the 6-yr removal site. In contrast, macrofauna were the most important agents in the short-term processing of microalgal-C in sediments from the 2-yr mangrove removal site and control sites. However, mean faunal abundance and C-uptake rates in sediments from both removal sites were significantly higher than in control cores, which collectively suggest that community structure and short-term C-cycling dynamics of sediments in habitats where mangroves have been cleared can remain fundamentally different from un-invaded mudflat sediments for at least 6-yrs following above-sediment mangrove removal. In summary, invasion by mangroves can lead to dramatic shifts in benthic ecosystem function, with sediment metabolism, benthic community structure and short-term C-remineralization dynamics being affected for years following invader removal.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-7-2129-2010","issn":"18106277","usgsCitation":"Sweetman, A.K., Middelburg, J.J., Berle, A.M., Bernardino, A.F., Schander, C., Demopoulos, A.W., and Smith, C.R., 2010, Impacts of exotic mangrove forests and mangrove deforestation on carbon remineralization and ecosystem functioning in marine sediments: Biogeosciences, v. 7, no. 7, p. 2129-2145, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2129-2010.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2129","endPage":"2145","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2129-2010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38eae4b0c8380cd61729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetman, A. K.","contributorId":52432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetman","given":"A.","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middelburg, J. J.","contributorId":105417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"J.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berle, A. M.","contributorId":57695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berle","given":"A.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernardino, A. F.","contributorId":53632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardino","given":"A.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schander, C.","contributorId":12719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schander","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Demopoulos, A. W.J.","contributorId":50638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"A.","middleInitial":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, C. R.","contributorId":32876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":98499,"text":"ofr20101131 - 2010 - Historical Zinc Smelting in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C., with Estimates of Atmospheric Zinc Emissions and Other Materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:35","indexId":"ofr20101131","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1131","title":"Historical Zinc Smelting in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C., with Estimates of Atmospheric Zinc Emissions and Other Materials","docAbstract":"The metallurgical industry can be broadly divided into metal production from feedstock consisting of primary and secondary sources. Primary production refers to the extraction of metal derived from ores and concentrates. Secondary production refers to the recovery of metal from materials such as alloys, electric arc furnace dust, ingots, and scrap. The foci of this study are the histories of selected pyrometallurgical plants that treated mostly primary zinc feedstock and the atmospheric emissions, primarily zinc, generated by those plants during the course of producing zinc and zinc oxide in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101131","usgsCitation":"Bleiwas, D.I., and DiFrancesco, C., 2010, Historical Zinc Smelting in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C., with Estimates of Atmospheric Zinc Emissions and Other Materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1131, x, 21 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101131.","productDescription":"x, 21 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":431,"text":"National Minerals","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1131.jpg"},{"id":13887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiFrancesco, Carl","contributorId":6811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiFrancesco","given":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98497,"text":"sir20105092 - 2010 - A Geochemical Mass-Balance Method for Base-Flow Separation, Upper Hillsborough River Watershed, West-Central Florida, 2003-2005 and 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"sir20105092","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5092","title":"A Geochemical Mass-Balance Method for Base-Flow Separation, Upper Hillsborough River Watershed, West-Central Florida, 2003-2005 and 2009","docAbstract":"Geochemical mass-balance (GMB) and conductivity mass-balance (CMB) methods for hydrograph separation were used to determine the contribution of base flow to total stormflow at two sites in the upper Hillsborough River watershed in west-central Florida from 2003-2005 and at one site in 2009. The chemical and isotopic composition of streamflow and precipitation was measured during selected local and frontal low- and high-intensity storm events and compared to the geochemical and isotopic composition of groundwater. Input for the GMB method included cation, anion, and stable isotope concentrations of surface water and groundwater, whereas input for the CMB method included continuous or point-sample measurement of specific conductance. \r\n\r\nThe surface water is a calcium-bicarbonate type water, which closely resembles groundwater geochemically, indicating that much of the surface water in the upper Hillsborough River basin is derived from local groundwater discharge. This discharge into the Hillsborough River at State Road 39 and at Hillsborough River State Park becomes diluted by precipitation and runoff during the wet season, but retains the calcium-bicarbonate characteristics of Upper Floridan aquifer water. \r\n\r\nField conditions limited the application of the GMB method to low-intensity storms but the CMB method was applied to both low-intensity and high-intensity storms. The average contribution of base flow to total discharge for all storms ranged from 31 to 100 percent, whereas the contribution of base flow to total discharge during peak discharge periods ranged from less than 10 percent to 100 percent. \r\n\r\nAlthough calcium, magnesium, and silica were consistent markers of Upper Floridan aquifer chemistry, their use in calculating base flow by the GMB method was limited because the frequency of point data collected in this study was not sufficient to capture the complete hydrograph from pre-event base-flow to post-event base-flow concentrations. In this study, pre-event water represented somewhat diluted groundwater. \r\n\r\nStreamflow conductivity integrates the concentrations of the major ions, and the logistics of acquiring specific conductance at frequent time intervals are less complicated than data collection, sample processing, shipment, and analysis of water samples in a laboratory. The acquisition of continuous specific conductance data reduces uncertainty associated with less-frequently collected geochemical point data. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with\r\nSouthwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Kish, G.R., Stringer, C., Stewart, M., Rains, M., and Torres, A.E., 2010, A Geochemical Mass-Balance Method for Base-Flow Separation, Upper Hillsborough River Watershed, West-Central Florida, 2003-2005 and 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5092, viii, 33 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105092.","productDescription":"viii, 33 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5092.jpg"},{"id":13885,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.75,27.833333333333332 ], [ -82.75,28.5 ], [ -81.83333333333333,28.5 ], [ -81.83333333333333,27.833333333333332 ], [ -82.75,27.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4956e4b0b290850ef127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kish, G. R.","contributorId":65118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stringer, C.E.","contributorId":73311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, M.T.","contributorId":6487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rains, M.C.","contributorId":78046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rains","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Torres, A. E.","contributorId":94350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189926,"text":"70189926 - 2010 - Plot-scale sediment transport processes on a burned hillslope as a function of particle size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T16:51:26","indexId":"70189926","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Plot-scale sediment transport processes on a burned hillslope as a function of particle size","docAbstract":"<p>Soil moisture, rainfall, runoff, and sediment transport data were collected from four 1-m<sup>2</sup> hillslope plots after the 2000 Hi Meadow Fire in Colorado. Data were collected daily during three summers, two of which were affected by drought. Maximum 30-minute rainfall intensities, <i>I<sub>30</sub></i>, were less than 20 mm h<sup>-1</sup> and the average runoff volumes per plot were less than 4.7 L per storm. The data were separated into three sediment transport processes based on rainfall intensity and runoff magnitude: (1) dry ravel, (2) rainsplash, and (3) rainflow and then into eight different particle size classes (<i>D<sub>i</sub></i>). For each class, dry ravel transport had a non-linear dependence on initial soil moisture, <span>θ</span><i><sub>i</sub></i>, with a maximum at intermediate values of <span>θ</span><sub><i>i</i></sub> (5-9 % cm<sup>3</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>). Dry ravel transport rates were small for low <span>θ</span><i><sub>i</sub></i> , which may be caused by a cementation process, and also small for high <span>θ</span><sub><i>i</i></sub> , which may be caused by increased surface tension. Rainsplash transport was confined to the <i>I<sub>30</sub></i> domain from 1-7 mm h<sup>-1</sup> was proportional to <i>D<sub>i</sub></i>(<i>I</i><sup>max</sup><sub>30</sub>)<sup>0.63</sup>. Rainflow transport (<i>I<sub>30</sub></i> &gt; 7 mm h<sup>-1</sup>) in shallow flows (<i>h</i> &lt; 2 mm) was most likely dominated by particles rolling. It had a non-linear dependence on <i>D<sub>i</sub></i> with maximum transport of sediment in the 2-4 mm size class. Transport also depended on stream power, but critical stream power was essentially zero, which may indicate that the rainsplash preceding runoff detached soil for transport by overland flow. </p>","conferenceTitle":"2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., 2010, Plot-scale sediment transport processes on a burned hillslope as a function of particle size, 2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-018397","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344425,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2010/moody_2010.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bce4b038630d022118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044347,"text":"70044347 - 2010 - Sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Pliocene sea surface temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-10T08:48:18","indexId":"70044347","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Pliocene sea surface temperatures","docAbstract":"The history of theGrIS (Greenland Ice Sheet), particularly in warm climates of the pre-Quaternary, is poorly known. IRD (ice-rafted debris) records suggest that the ice sheet has existed, at least transiently, since theMiocene and potentially since as long ago as the Eocene. As melting of the GrIS is a key uncertainty in future predictions of climate and sea-level, understanding its behaviour and role within the climate system during pastwarm periods could provide important constraints. The Pliocene has been identified as a key period for understanding warmer than modern climates. Detailed micropalaeontological analyses of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (3.264-3.025 Ma) have produced a series of SST (sea-surface temperature) reconstructions (PRISM2-AVE, PRISM2-MAX, PRISM2-MIN and\nPRISM3).Use of these different SSTswithin theHadley CentreGCM(GeneralCirculationModel) and BASISM (BritishAntarctic Survey Ice Sheet Model), consistently show large reductions of Pliocene Greenland ice volumes compared to modern. The changes in climate introduced by the use of different SST reconstructions do change the predicted ice volumes, mainly through precipitation feedbacks. However, the models show a relatively low sensitivity of modelled Greenland ice volumes to different mid-Piacenzian SST reconstructions, with the largest SST induced changes being 20% of Pliocene ice volume or less than a metre of sea-level rise.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stratigraphy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Environment Research Council","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.J., Dolan, A.M., Haywood, A.M., Hunter, S.J., and Stoll, D.K., 2010, Sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Pliocene sea surface temperatures: Stratigraphy, v. 7, no. 2-3, p. 111-121.","startPage":"111","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-022759","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272165,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/12794/1/Hill_111-122.pdf"}],"country":"Greenland","volume":"7","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518e16e0e4b05ebc8f7cc2f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Daniel J.","contributorId":80993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolan, Aisling M.","contributorId":30117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Aisling","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haywood, Alan M.","contributorId":86663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, Stephen J.","contributorId":55711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stoll, Danielle K.","contributorId":88236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoll","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156102,"text":"70156102 - 2010 - Sub-weekly to interannual variability of a high-energy shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-17T12:20:47.309201","indexId":"70156102","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sub-weekly to interannual variability of a high-energy shoreline","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sixty-one Global Positioning System (GPS), sub-aerial beach surveys were completed at 7</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km long Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA (USA), between April 2004 and March 2009. The five-year time series contains over 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>million beach elevation measurements and documents detailed changes in beach morphology over a variety of spatial, temporal, and physical forcing scales. Results show that seasonal processes dominate at Ocean Beach, with the seasonal increase and decrease in wave height being the primary driver of shoreline change. Storm events, while capable of causing large short-term changes in the shoreline, did not singularly account for a large percentage of the overall observed change. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis shows that the first two modes account for approximately three-quarters of the variance in the data set and are represented by the seasonal onshore/offshore movement of sediment (60%) and the multi-year trend of shoreline rotation (14%). The longer-term trend of shoreline rotation appears to be related to larger-scale bathymetric change. An EOF-based decomposition technique is developed that is capable of estimating the shoreline position to within one standard deviation of the range of shoreline positions observed at most locations along the beach. The foundation of the model is the observed relationship between the temporal amplitudes of the first EOF mode and seasonally-averaged offshore wave height as well as the linear trend of shoreline rotation. This technique, while not truly predictive because of the requirement of real-time wave data, is useful because it can predict shoreline position to within reasonable confidence given the absence of field data once the model is developed at a particular site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.05.011","usgsCitation":"Hansen, J., and Barnard, P.L., 2010, Sub-weekly to interannual variability of a high-energy shoreline: Coastal Engineering, v. 57, no. 11-12, p. 959-972, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.05.011.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"972","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011159","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.51815795898436,\n              37.68708070686609\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49412536621094,\n              37.68708070686609\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49412536621094,\n              37.78102667641841\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51815795898436,\n              37.78102667641841\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51815795898436,\n              37.68708070686609\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"11-12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45734e4b0518e354694f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Jeff E.","contributorId":146437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Jeff E.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":140982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70236422,"text":"70236422 - 2010 - Implications of estuarine transport for water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T17:17:10.985179","indexId":"70236422","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-06T12:08:22","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Implications of estuarine transport for water quality","docAbstract":"<p>In this chapter, some implications of estuarine transport for water quality are discussed. This is not an exhaustive review of all physical processes potentially important to water quality in estuaries. Rather, the focus is on (1) some fundamental relationships, concepts, and helpful idealizations (e.g., evolution equations for reactive scalars, transport time scales, scaling and non-dimensional numbers), (2) some common and often dominant physical processes in terms of their influence on estuarine water quality (e.g., stratification and turbulent mixing), and (3) some less prevalently discussed but probably widely important issues regarding high-frequency (i.e., intradaily) processes and their influence on water quality.</p><p>Here, “water quality” refers to the full range of suspended constituents (or “scalars”, i.e., non-vector quantities) in an estuarine water column. These constituents may be dissolved or particulate, mineral, chemical, or biological, or they may represent physical properties of the water (e.g., temperature). The spatial distribution of a water quality constituent is influenced by the hydrodynamic environment in which it is suspended, but it may be additionally subject to motility, positive buoyancy, or negative buoyancy (e.g., some phytoplankton or zooplankton). Water quality scalars may be conservative (i.e., non-reactive, such as salt) or non-conservative (i.e., reactive and thereby potentially changing in concentration or form during transit; e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, or phytoplankton). Hydrodynamic and transport processes are important not only because they “move stuff around” but also because, in the case of reactive scalars, those processes may expose the scalars to a range of environments, each of which may be associated with distinct rates of scalar transformation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contemporary issues in estuarine physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511676567.011","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., 2010, Implications of estuarine transport for water quality, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Contemporary issues in estuarine physics, p. 273-307, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511676567.011.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"307","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo","contributorId":243337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valle-Levinson","given":"Arnoldo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48691,"text":"Civil and Coastal Engineering Department, ESSIE, University of Florida 365 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850949,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Lisa 0000-0001-7797-5517 llucas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-5517","contributorId":2181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Lisa","email":"llucas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156577,"text":"70156577 - 2010 - Assimilating models and data to enhance predictions of shoreline evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T15:55:17.530257","indexId":"70156577","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assimilating models and data to enhance predictions of shoreline evolution","docAbstract":"<p><span>A modeling system that considers both long- and short-term process-driven shoreline change is presented. The modeling system is integrated into a data assimilation framework that uses sparse observations of shoreline change to correct a model forecast and to determine unobserved model variables and free parameters. Application of the assimilation algorithm also provides quantitative statistical estimates of uncertainty that can be applied to coastal hazard and vulnerability assessments. Significant attention is given to the estimation of four non-observable quantities using the data assimilation framework that utilizes only one observable process (i.e. ,shoreline change). The general framework discussed here can be applied to many other geophysical processes by simply changing the model component to one applicable to the processes of interest.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of 32nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"32nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering","conferenceDate":"June 30-July 5 2010","conferenceLocation":"Shanghai, China","language":"English","publisher":"International Conference on Coastal Engineering","doi":"10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.91","usgsCitation":"Long, J.W., and Plant, N.G., 2010, Assimilating models and data to enhance predictions of shoreline evolution, <i>in</i> Proceedings of 32nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Shanghai, China, June 30-July 5 2010, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.91.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024580","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.91","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402be4b0518e354d10d9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, Jane McKee","contributorId":146956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"McKee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569562,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynett, Patrick","contributorId":24298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynett","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98494,"text":"sir20105120 - 2010 - Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations and Loads at U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow-Gaging Stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:24:32","indexId":"sir20105120","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5120","title":"Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations and Loads at U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow-Gaging Stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007-09","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Dallas Water Utilities Division, did a study to characterize bromide, chloride, and sulfate concentrations and loads at three U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations on the reach of the Red River from Denison Dam, which impounds Lake Texoma, to the U.S. Highway 259 bridge near DeKalb, Texas. Bromide, chloride, and sulfate concentrations and loads were computed for streamflow-gaging stations on the study reach of the Red River. Continuous streamflow and specific conductance data and discrete samples for bromide, chloride, sulfate, and specific conductance were collected at three main-stem streamflow-gaging stations on the Red River: 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas (Denison Dam gage), 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas (Arthur City gage), and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas (DeKalb gage). At each of these streamflow-gaging stations, discrete water-quality data were collected during January 2007-February 2009; continuous water-quality data were collected during March 2007-February 2009. Two periods of high flow resulted from floods during the study; floods during June-July 2007 resulted in elevated flow during June-September 2007 and smaller floods during March-April 2008 resulted in elevated flow during March-April 2008. Bromide, chloride, and sulfate concentrations in samples collected at the three gages decreased downstream. Median bromide concentrations ranged from 0.32 milligram per liter at the Denison Dam gage to 0.19 milligram per liter at the DeKalb gage. Median chloride concentrations ranged from 176 milligrams per liter at the Denison Dam gage to 108 milligrams per liter at the DeKalb gage, less than the 300-milligrams per liter secondary maximum contaminant level established by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Median sulfate concentrations ranged from 213 milligrams per liter at the Denison Dam gage to 117 milligrams per liter at the DeKalb gage, also less than the 300-milligrams per liter secondary maximum contaminant level. Kruskal-Wallis analyses indicated statistically significant differences among bromide, chloride, and sulfate concentrations at the three gages. Regression equations to estimate bromide, chloride, and sulfate loads were developed for each of the three gages. The largest loads were estimated for a period of relatively large streamflow, June-September 2007, when about 50 percent of the load for the study period occurred at each gage. Adjusted R-squared values were largest for regression equations for the DeKalb gage, ranging from .957 for sulfate to .976 for chloride. Adjusted R-squared values for all regression equations developed to estimate loads of bromide, chloride, and sulfate at the three gages were .899 or larger.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/sir20105120","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Dallas Water Utilities Division","usgsCitation":"Baldys, S., Churchill, C.J., Mobley, C.A., and Coffman, D.K., 2010, Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations and Loads at U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow-Gaging Stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5120, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105120.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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camobley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1599-4760","contributorId":4098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mobley","given":"Craig","email":"camobley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coffman, David K.","contributorId":27969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98490,"text":"fs20103025 - 2010 - U.S. Geological Survey Streamgage Operation and Maintenance Cost Evaluation...from the National Streamflow Information Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:43","indexId":"fs20103025","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3025","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Streamgage Operation and Maintenance Cost Evaluation...from the National Streamflow Information Program","docAbstract":"To help meet the goal of providing earth-science information to the Nation, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates and maintains the largest streamgage network in the world, with over 7,600 active streamgages in 2010. This network is operated in cooperation with over 850 Federal, tribal, State, and local funding partners. The streamflow information provided by the USGS is used for the protection of life and property; for the assessment, allocation, and management of water resources; for the design of roads, bridges, dams, and water works; for the delineation of flood plains; for the assessment and evaluation of habitat; for understanding the effects of land-use, water-use, and climate changes; for evaluation of water quality; and for recreational safety and enjoyment.\r\n\r\nUSGS streamgages are managed and operated to rigorous national standards, allowing analyses of data from streamgages in different areas and spanning long time periods, some with more than 100 years of data. About 90 percent of USGS streamgages provide streamflow information real-time on the web. Physical measurements of streamflow are made at streamgages multiple times a year, depending on flow conditions, to ensure the highest level of accuracy possible. In addition, multiple reviews and quality assurance checks are performed before the data is finalized.\r\n\r\nIn 2006, the USGS reviewed all activities, operations, equipment, support, and costs associated with operating and maintaining a streamgage program (Norris and others, 2008). A summary of the percentages of costs associated with activities required to operate a streamgage on an annual basis are presented in figure 1. This information represents what it costs to fund a 'typical' USGS streamgage and how those funds are utilized. It should be noted that some USGS streamgages have higher percentages for some categories than do others depending on location and conditions. Forty-one percent of the funding for the typical USGS streamgage is for labor costs of the USGS staff responsible for the measurement of the streamflow in the field and the time in the office to quality assure and finalize the data. It is reasonable that funding for the entire national streamgage network would closely follow the percentages shown in figure 1 as to how the funds are invested in the network. However, actual costs are specific to a particular streamgage and can vary substantially depending on location and operational issues.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103025","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.M., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Streamgage Operation and Maintenance Cost Evaluation...from the National Streamflow Information Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3025, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103025.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":444,"text":"National Streamflow Information Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3025.jpg"},{"id":13876,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e60eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, J. Michael 0000-0002-7480-0161 mnorris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-0161","contributorId":1625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"mnorris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98491,"text":"sir20105081 - 2010 - Submarine groundwater discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai`i: Part 3, spatial and temporal patterns in nearshore waters and coastal groundwater plumes, December 2003-April 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T21:30:23.529114","indexId":"sir20105081","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5081","title":"Submarine groundwater discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai`i: Part 3, spatial and temporal patterns in nearshore waters and coastal groundwater plumes, December 2003-April 2006","docAbstract":"<p>During seven surveys between December 2003 and April 2006, 1,045 depth profiles of surface water temperature and salinity were collected to examine variability in water column properties and the influence of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) on the nearshore waters and coral reef complex of Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai‘i. This effort was made to characterize the variability in nearshore water properties with seasonality and hydrodynamic forcing (tides, winds, and waves) and to determine the spatial and vertical extent of influence of SGD plumes on the Park’s marine biological resources. The results of this study reveal that nearshore waters of the Park were persistently influenced by plumes of submarine groundwater discharge that are generally colder, less saline, and more concentrated in nutrients than the surrounding seawater. These plumes extended between 100 and 1,000 m offshore to depths ranging between 1 and 5 m and often contained several million to hundreds of millions of gallons of brackish water. In essence, the Park’s nearshore, like much of the arid west coast of Hawai‘i, is estuarine. Although the groundwater plumes were persistent over the years studied, their spatial extent and volume varied tidally, seasonally, and annually. In one season, April 2004, an inverse relation of decreasing salinity with increasing temperature was found in the upper 5 m of the water column, unlike the other seasons, when surface water temperature and salinity were positively correlated.</p><p>These data provide the first comprehensive record of nearshore water column properties within the Park boundaries and a baseline for detecting and assessing future conditions. Various resort, industrial, and municipal developments, either planned or under construction around the Park, will require significant groundwater supplies and will likely alter groundwater quantity and quality. The flux and quality of groundwater through the National Park are critical to the rare anchialine (brackish) pool ecosystems and various ecosystem functions of the nearshore waters and coral reefs. Changes in groundwater discharge are expected to have significant impacts to the area’s coastal ecosystems, including decreased freshwater outflow to the brackish anchialine pools and coral reefs and increased nutrient and contaminant concentrations. In conjunction with two complementary studies of this series (Parts 1 and 2), these data provide insight into the patterns of influence and fate of SGD in the Park’s coastal waters. This information is important for determining water-resource management strategies that balance the needs of the ecosystem with those of human livelihood. This report describes the data, presents the general findings, and gives representative examples of seasonal and tidal variability in water column properties and SGD-fed plumes across the Park’s nearshore waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105081","usgsCitation":"Grossman, E., Logan, J., Presto, M., and Storlazzi, C., 2010, Submarine groundwater discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai`i: Part 3, spatial and temporal patterns in nearshore waters and coastal groundwater plumes, December 2003-April 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5081, vii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105081.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5081.jpg"},{"id":407560,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93390.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13877,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.05117797851562,\n              19.666998154072363\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.01444244384766,\n              19.666998154072363\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.01444244384766,\n              19.70578884134168\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.05117797851562,\n              19.70578884134168\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.05117797851562,\n              19.666998154072363\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, Eric E.","contributorId":40677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98496,"text":"ofr20101096 - 2010 - Floods of May and June 2008 in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"ofr20101096","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1096","title":"Floods of May and June 2008 in Iowa","docAbstract":"An unusually wet winter and spring of 2007 to 2008 resulted in extremely wet antecedent conditions throughout most of Iowa. Rainfall of 5 to 15 inches was observed in eastern Iowa during May 2008, and an additional 5 to 15 inches of rain was observed throughout most of Iowa in June. Because of the severity of the May and June 2008 flooding, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies, has summarized the meteorological and hydrological conditions leading to the flooding, compiled flood-peak stages and discharges, and estimated revised flood probabilities for 62 selected streamgages.\r\n\r\nRecord peak discharges or flood probabilities of 1 percent or smaller (100-year flooding or greater) occurred at more than 60 streamgage locations, particularly in eastern Iowa. Cedar Rapids, Decorah, Des Moines, Iowa City, Mason City, and Waterloo were among the larger urban areas affected by this flooding. High water and flooding in small, headwater streams in north-central and eastern Iowa, particularly in June, combined and accumulated in large, mainstem rivers and resulted in flooding of historic proportions in the Cedar and Iowa Rivers. Previous flood-peak discharges at many locations were exceeded by substantial amounts, in some cases nearly doubling the previous record peak discharge at locations where more than 100 years of streamflow record are available.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with various Federal, State, and local agencies","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R.C., and Eash, D.A., 2010, Floods of May and June 2008 in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1096, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101096.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1096.jpg"},{"id":13884,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.63333333333334,40.38333333333333 ], [ -96.63333333333334,43.5 ], [ -90.13333333333334,43.5 ], [ -90.13333333333334,40.38333333333333 ], [ -96.63333333333334,40.38333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfa0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchmiller, Robert C.","contributorId":72372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98489,"text":"ofr20101121 - 2010 - Detailed Sections from Auger Holes in the Emporia 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle, North Carolina and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"ofr20101121","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1121","title":"Detailed Sections from Auger Holes in the Emporia 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle, North Carolina and Virginia","docAbstract":"The Emporia 1:100,000-scale quadrangle straddles the Tidewater Fall Line in southern Virginia and includes a small part of northernmost North Carolina. Sediments of the coastal plain underlie the eastern three-fifths of this area. These sediments onlap crystalline basement rocks toward the west and dip gently to the east, reaching a maximum known thickness of 821 feet in the extreme southeastern part of the map area. The gentle eastward dip is disrupted in several areas due to faulting delineated during the course of mapping.\r\n\r\nIn order to produce a new geologic map of the Emporia 1:100,000-scale quadrangle, the U.S. Geological Survey drilled one corehole to a depth of 223 feet and augered 192 shallow research test holes (maximum depth 135 feet) to supplement sparse outcrop data available from the coastal plain part of the map area. The recovered sediments were studied and data from them recorded to determine the lithologic characteristics, spatial distribution, and temporal framework of the represented coastal plain stratigraphic units. These test holes were critical for accurately determining the distribution of major geologic units and the position of unit boundaries that will be shown on the forthcoming Emporia geologic map, but much of the detailed subsurface data cannot be shown readily through this map product. Therefore, the locations and detailed descriptions of the auger test holes and one corehole are provided in this open-file report for geologists, hydrologists, engineers, and community planners in need of a detailed shallow-subsurface stratigraphic framework for much of the Emporia map region. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101121","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., Schindler, J.S., and Lewis, W., 2010, Detailed Sections from Auger Holes in the Emporia 1:100,000-Scale Quadrangle, North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1121, v, 288 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101121.","productDescription":"v, 288 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1121.jpg"},{"id":13875,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,36.833333333333336 ], [ -78,37 ], [ -77,37 ], [ -77,36.833333333333336 ], [ -78,36.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, William C.","contributorId":50878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"William C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98495,"text":"ofr20101109 - 2010 - Neosho madtom and other ictalurid populations in relation to hydrologic characteristics of an impounded Midwestern warmwater stream: Update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T21:24:19.961962","indexId":"ofr20101109","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1109","title":"Neosho madtom and other ictalurid populations in relation to hydrologic characteristics of an impounded Midwestern warmwater stream: Update","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Neosho madtom, </span><i>Noturus placidus</i><span>, is a small (less than 75 millimeters in total length) ictalurid that is native to the main stems of the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers in Kansas and Oklahoma and the Spring River in Kansas and Missouri. The Neosho madtom was federally listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in May 1990. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been monitoring Neosho madtoms since 1991, and questioned whether or not Neosho madtom densities were affected by other catfish species, reservoirs, and hydrologic characteristics. Using the first 8 years of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service monitoring data, Wildhaber and others (2000) analyzed whether or not Neosho madtom densities were related to these environmental characteristics. The goal of this report is to update these results with data from 1999 to 2008. The trends of Neosho madtom densities in respect to John Redmond Reservoir and other catfish species remains consistent with the previous report. In both the Neosho and Spring Rivers, Neosho madtoms had a significant positive association with all catfish species. Of those species tested, only in the population of Neosho madtoms were significantly different in density above verses below the John Redmond Reservoir after accounting for the yearly variation. The average density of Neosho madtoms at the streamgage immediately below the reservoir had the second lowest density compared to the other streamgages. The positive associations with Neosho madtoms that remained consistent from the previous report included the 1-, 3-, and 7-day minima discharges and the annual minimum discharge from the previous water year (water year prior to when the fish were sampled) and the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 30-day minima discharges from the current water year (same water year fish were sampled).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bryan, J.L., Wildhaber, M.L., Leeds, W.B., and Dey, R., 2010, Neosho madtom and other ictalurid populations in relation to hydrologic characteristics of an impounded Midwestern warmwater stream: Update: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1109, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101109.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1109.jpg"},{"id":341600,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1109/pdf/OFR2010-1109.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13881,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93391.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.8333,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              38.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8333,\n              38.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8333,\n              36.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, Janice L.","contributorId":58589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leeds, William B.","contributorId":45563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeds","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dey, Rima","contributorId":81210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dey","given":"Rima","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98492,"text":"ofr20101128 - 2010 - Sediment-transport during three controlled-flood experiments on the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, with implications for eddy-sandbar deposition in Grand Canyon National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T21:26:10.904217","indexId":"ofr20101128","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1128","title":"Sediment-transport during three controlled-flood experiments on the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, with implications for eddy-sandbar deposition in Grand Canyon National Park","docAbstract":"Three large-scale field experiments were conducted on the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam in 1996, 2004, and 2008 to evaluate whether artificial (that is, controlled) floods released from the dam could be used in conjunction with the sand supplied by downstream tributaries to rebuild and sustainably maintain eddy sandbars in the river in Grand Canyon National Park. Higher suspended-sand concentrations during a controlled flood will lead to greater eddy-sandbar deposition rates. During each controlled flood experiment, sediment-transport and bed-sediment data were collected to evaluate sediment-supply effects on sandbar deposition. Data collection substantially increased in spatial and temporal density with each subsequent experiment. The suspended- and bed-sediment data collected during all three controlled-flood experiments are presented and analyzed in this report. Analysis of these data indicate that in designing the hydrograph of a controlled flood that is optimized for sandbar deposition in a given reach of the Colorado River, both the magnitude and the grain size of the sand supply must be considered. Because of the opposing physical effects of bed-sand area and bed-sand grain size in regulating suspended-sand concentration, larger amounts of coarser sand on the bed can lead to lower suspended-sand concentrations, and thus lower rates of sandbar deposition, during a controlled flood than can lesser amounts of finer sand on the bed. Although suspended-sand concentrations were higher at all study sites during the 2008 controlled-flood experiment (CFE) than during either the 1996 or 2004 CFEs, these higher concentrations were likely associated with more sand on the bed of the Colorado River in only lower Glen Canyon. More sand was likely present on the bed of the river in Grand Canyon during the 1996 CFE than during either the 2004 or 2008 CFEs. The question still remains as to whether sandbars can be sustained in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park through use of controlled floods in conjunction with typical amounts and grain sizes of sand supplied by the tributaries that enter the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101128","collaboration":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","usgsCitation":"Topping, D.J., Rubin, D.M., Grams, P.E., Griffiths, R.E., Sabol, T., Voichick, N., Tusso, R.B., Vanaman, K.M., and McDonald, R.R., 2010, Sediment-transport during three controlled-flood experiments on the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, with implications for eddy-sandbar deposition in Grand Canyon National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1128, viii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101128.","productDescription":"viii, 111 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1128.jpg"},{"id":402037,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93388.htm"},{"id":13878,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n          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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffiths, Ronald 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rtusso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7541-3713","contributorId":4079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tusso","given":"Robert","email":"rtusso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vanaman, Karen M. kvanaman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanaman","given":"Karen","email":"kvanaman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction 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,{"id":98493,"text":"fs20103047 - 2010 - Estuaries of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem: Laboratories of Long-term Change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:44","indexId":"fs20103047","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3047","title":"Estuaries of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem: Laboratories of Long-term Change","docAbstract":"Restoring the greater Everglades ecosystem of south Florida is arguably the largest ecosystem restoration effort to date. A critical goal is to return more natural patterns of flow through south Florida wetlands and into the estuaries, but development of realistic targets requires acknowledgement that ecosystems are constantly evolving and changing in response to a variety of natural and human-driven stressors.\r\n\r\nExamination of ecosystems over long periods of time requires analysis of sedimentary records, such as those deposited in the wetlands and estuaries of south Florida. As sediment accumulates, it preserves information about the animals and plants that lived in the environment and the physical, chemical, and climatic conditions present. One of the methods used to interpret this information is paleoecology-the study of the ecology of previously living organisms. \r\n\r\nPaleoecologic investigations of south Florida estuaries provide quantitative data on historical variability of salinity and trends that may be applied to statistical models to estimate historical freshwater flow. These data provide a unique context to estimate future ecosystem response to changes related to restoration activities and predicted changes in sea level and temperature, thus increasing the likelihood of successful and sustainable ecosystem restoration.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103047","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G., Hudley, J., and Marshall, F., 2010, Estuaries of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem: Laboratories of Long-term Change: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3047, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103047.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3047.jpg"},{"id":13879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G.L.","contributorId":79981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudley, J.W.","contributorId":18872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudley","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, F.E.","contributorId":103380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98488,"text":"sir20105102 - 2010 - Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Beneath Hypothetical Stormwater Infiltration Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20105102","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5102","title":"Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Beneath Hypothetical Stormwater Infiltration Basins","docAbstract":"Groundwater mounding occurs beneath stormwater management structures designed to infiltrate stormwater runoff. Concentrating recharge in a small area can cause groundwater mounding that affects the basements of nearby homes and other structures. Methods for quantitatively predicting the height and extent of groundwater mounding beneath and near stormwater\r\n\r\nFinite-difference groundwater-flow simulations of infiltration from hypothetical stormwater infiltration structures (which are typically constructed as basins or dry wells) were done for 10-acre and 1-acre developments. Aquifer and stormwater-runoff characteristics in the model were changed to determine which factors are most likely to have the greatest effect on simulating the maximum height and maximum extent of groundwater mounding. Aquifer characteristics that were changed include soil permeability, aquifer thickness, and specific yield. Stormwater-runoff variables that were changed include magnitude of design storm, percentage of impervious area, infiltration-structure depth (maximum depth of standing water), and infiltration-basin shape. Values used for all variables are representative of typical physical conditions and stormwater management designs in New Jersey but do not include all possible values. Results are considered to be a representative, but not all-inclusive, subset of likely results.\r\n\r\nMaximum heights of simulated groundwater mounds beneath stormwater infiltration structures are the most sensitive to (show the greatest change with changes to) soil permeability. The maximum height of the groundwater mound is higher when values of soil permeability, aquifer thickness, or specific yield are decreased or when basin depth is increased or the basin shape is square (and values of other variables are held constant). Changing soil permeability, aquifer thickness, specific yield, infiltration-structure depth, or infiltration-structure shape does not change the volume of water infiltrated, it changes the shape or height of the groundwater mound resulting from the infiltration. An aquifer with a greater soil permeability or aquifer thickness has an increased ability to transmit water away from the source of infiltration than aquifers with lower soil permeability; therefore, the maximum height of the groundwater mound will be lower, and the areal extent of mounding will be larger.\r\n\r\nThe maximum height of groundwater mounding is higher when values of design storm magnitude or percentage of impervious cover (from which runoff is captured) are increased (and other variables are held constant) because the total volume of water to be infiltrated is larger. The larger the volume of infiltrated water the higher the head required to move that water away from the source of recharge if the physical characteristics of the aquifer are unchanged. The areal extent of groundwater mounding increases when soil permeability, aquifer thickness, design-storm magnitude, or percentage of impervious cover are increased (and values of other variables are held constant).\r\n\r\nFor 10-acre sites, the maximum heights of the simulated groundwater mound range from 0.1 to 18.5 feet (ft). The median of the maximum-height distribution from 576 simulations is 1.8 ft. The maximum areal extent (measured from the edge of the infiltration basins) of groundwater mounding of 0.25-ft ranges from 0 to 300 ft with a median of 51 ft for 576 simulations. Stormwater infiltration at a 1-acre development was simulated, incorporating the assumption that the hypothetical infiltration structure would be a pre-cast concrete dry well having side openings and an open bottom. The maximum heights of the simulated groundwater-mounds range from 0.01 to 14.0 ft. The median of the maximum-height distribution from 432 simulations is 1.0 ft. The maximum areal extent of groundwater mounding of 0.25-ft ranges from 0 to 100 ft with a median of 10 ft for 432 simulations.\r\n\r\nSimulated height and extent of groundwater mounding associ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Carleton, G.B., 2010, Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Beneath Hypothetical Stormwater Infiltration Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5102, vii, 64 p.; 1 Appendix (xls), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105102.","productDescription":"vii, 64 p.; 1 Appendix (xls)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5102.jpg"},{"id":13874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d1e4b07f02db54762a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carleton, Glen B. 0000-0002-7666-4407 carleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-4407","contributorId":3795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"Glen","email":"carleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200019,"text":"70200019 - 2010 - Coupled arsenotrophy in a hot spring photosynthetic biofilm at Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T15:41:02","indexId":"70200019","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T15:40:21","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled arsenotrophy in a hot spring photosynthetic biofilm at Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-1\">Red-pigmented biofilms grow on rock and cobble surfaces present in anoxic hot springs located on Paoha Island in Mono Lake. The bacterial community was dominated (∼ 85% of 16S rRNA gene clones) by sequences from the photosynthetic<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ectothiorhodospira</i>genus. Scraped biofilm materials incubated under anoxic conditions rapidly oxidized As(III) to As(V) in the light via anoxygenic photosynthesis but could also readily reduce As(V) to As(III) in the dark at comparable rates. Back-labeling experiments with<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>73</sup>As(V) demonstrated that reduction to<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>73</sup>As(III) also occurred in the light, thereby illustrating the cooccurrence of these two anaerobic processes as an example of closely coupled arsenotrophy. Oxic biofilms also oxidized As(III) to As(V). Biofilms incubated with [<sup>14</sup>C]acetate oxidized the radiolabel to<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the light but not the dark, indicating a capacity for photoheterotrophy but not chemoheterotrophy. Anoxic, dark-incubated samples demonstrated As(V) reduction linked to additions of hydrogen or sulfide but not acetate. Chemoautotrophy linked to As(V) as measured by dark fixation of [<sup>14</sup>C]bicarbonate into cell material was stimulated by either H<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>or HS<sup>−</sup>. Functional genes for the arsenate respiratory reductase (<i>arrA</i>) and arsenic resistance (<i>arsB</i>) were detected in sequenced amplicons of extracted DNA, with about half of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>arrA</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sequences closely related (∼98% translated amino acid identity) to those from the family<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ectothiorhodospiraceae</i>. Surprisingly, no authentic PCR products for arsenite oxidase (<i>aoxB</i>) were obtained, despite observing aerobic arsenite oxidation activity. Collectively, these results demonstrate close linkages of these arsenic redox processes occurring within these biofilms.</p></div><p id=\"p-2\">Oxyanions of the group 15 element arsenic, arsenate [As(V)] and arsenite [As(III)], have been known for millennia to be potent poisons. Despite its well-established toxicity to life, the phenomenon of arsenic resistance was discovered whereby some microorganisms maintain an otherwise “normal” existence in the presence of high concentrations of As(V) or As(III) (17,<span>&nbsp;</span>29,<span>&nbsp;</span>31). More recently it has become recognized that certain representatives from the bacterial and archaeal domains can actually exploit the electrochemical potential of the As(V)/As(III) redox couple (+130 mV) to gain energy for growth. This can be achieved either by employing As(III) as an autotrophic electron donor or by using As(V) as a respiratory electron acceptor (18,<span>&nbsp;</span>21,<span>&nbsp;</span>34). The latter phenomenon, although most commonly associated with chemoheterotrophy, can also employ inorganic substances like sulfide or H<sub>2</sub>. Indeed, As(V)-respiring anaerobes displaying a capacity for chemoautotrophy with these electron donors have been isolated and described (5,<span>&nbsp;</span>7,<span>&nbsp;</span>16). We recently reported that photoautotrophy is supported by As(III) in anoxic biofilms located in hot springs on Paoha Island in Mono Lake, CA (15). This process represented a novel means of As(III) oxidation achieved via anoxygenic photosynthesis occurring in certain photosynthetic bacteria (i.e.,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ectothiorhodospira</i>) and possibly within some cyanobacteria as well (e.g., “<i>Oscillatoria</i>”).</p><p id=\"p-3\">Whether or not a microbial habitat is overtly oxic or anoxic, or temporally shifts between these two states over a diel cycle, critical energy linkages between aerobes and anaerobes have long been known for the biogeochemical cycles of key elements, such as sulfur, iron, and nitrogen. Most prominently studied is the case of nitrogen, whereby an ecological coupling exists between the processes of nitrification and denitrification (9,<span>&nbsp;</span>10,<span>&nbsp;</span>28). The former process provides energy to aerobic nitrifiers, while the latter process consumes the nitrate produced by this reaction, thereby meeting the energy needs of the denitrifiers.</p><p id=\"p-4\">For arsenic, the detection of both As(III) oxidation and As(V) reduction in oxic and anoxic incubations of freshly collected periphyton suggested that an analogous coupled process may also occur for this element (12). Similarly, several uncontaminated soils in Japan displayed a capacity for either As(V) reduction or As(III) oxidation upon arsenic oxyanion amendment and whether they were incubated under oxic or anoxic conditions (39). A defined coculture consisting of an aerobic As(III) oxidizer (strain OL1) and an anaerobic As(V) respirer (strain Y5) was shown to function in this fashion under manipulated laboratory conditions of oxygen tension (26). We pursued the phenomenon of coupled arsenic metabolism further by using materials collected from the hot spring biofilms in Mono Lake, but we focused on examination of the cycling of arsenic under anoxic conditions.</p><p id=\"p-5\">In this paper we report results obtained by manipulated incubations of red-pigmented biofilms found in the hot springs of Paoha Island. Preliminary community characterizations of these biofilms show that they are dominated by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>B</i><i>acteria</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from the genus<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ectothiorhodospira</i><span>&nbsp;</span>but also harbor an assemblage of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Archaea</i><span>&nbsp;</span>related to the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Halobacteriacaea</i>. Incubation results have demonstrated the presence of the following arsenic metabolic activities: respiratory As(V) reduction, photosynthetic anaerobic As(III) oxidation, and aerobic As(III) oxidation, along with the ecophysiological conditions under which they occur. Surprisingly, we were unable to obtain authentic PCR products for arsenite oxidase genes (<i>aoxB</i>), despite observing aerobic As(III) oxidation activity. These biofilms serve as a model system for how anaerobic cycling of arsenic can be sustained with oxidation of As(III) by anoxygenic photosynthesis coupled to regeneration of this electron donor via dissimilatory As(V) reduction. The significance that such a light-driven anaerobic ecosystem may have played in the Archean Earth is discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology Journals","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00545-10","usgsCitation":"Hoeft, S.E., Kulp, T.R., Han, S., Lanoil, B., and Oremland, R.S., 2010, Coupled arsenotrophy in a hot spring photosynthetic biofilm at Mono Lake, California: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 76, no. 14, p. 4633-4639, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00545-10.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4633","endPage":"4639","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2901740","text":"External Repository"},{"id":358255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.148,37.940 ], [ -119.148,38.075 ], [ -118.909,38.075 ], [ -118.909,37.940 ], [ -119.148,37.940 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"76","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6b6e4b034bf6a7f4668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoeft, Shelley E.","contributorId":54077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"Shelley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, Thomas R.","contributorId":15948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Han, Sukkyun","contributorId":95739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"Sukkyun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanoil, Brian","contributorId":29683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanoil","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70236331,"text":"70236331 - 2010 - Field survey of the Samoa tsunami of 29 September 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T21:07:45.048565","indexId":"70236331","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T15:31:29","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field survey of the Samoa tsunami of 29 September 2009","docAbstract":"<p>On 29 September 2009, a strong earthquake took place south of the Samoa Islands in the southcentral Pacific. It triggered a local tsunami, which caused considerable damage and 189 fatalities on the Samoa Islands and in the northern Tonga archipelago. We present here the results of a tsunami survey conducted by an International Tsunami Survey Team in the Samoa Islands on 4-10 October 2009 and in northern Tonga on 25–27 November 2009.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.81.4.577","usgsCitation":"Okal, E.A., Fritz, H.M., Synolakis, C.E., Borrero, J.C., Weiss, R., Lynett, P.J., Titov, V.V., Foteinis, S., Jaffe, B.E., Liu, P.L., and Chan, I., 2010, Field survey of the Samoa tsunami of 29 September 2009: Seismological Research Letters, v. 81, no. 4, p. 577-591, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.4.577.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"591","costCenters":[{"id":528,"text":"Pacific Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"American Samoa, Samoa, Tonga","otherGeospatial":"Manono, Manu'a Islands, Motu O Manu, Niuafo'ou, Niuatoputapu, Ofu, Olosega, Pacific Ocean, Rose Island, Savai'i, Swains, Tafahi, Ta'u, Tutuila, Upolu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              187.15484619140625,\n              -13.496472765758952\n            ],\n            [\n              187.44873046875,\n              -13.82741223607727\n            ],\n            [\n              187.69317626953125,\n              -13.782069059707721\n            ],\n            [\n              187.72613525390625,\n              -13.81674404684894\n            ],\n            [\n              187.80303955078125,\n              -13.82741223607727\n            ],\n            [\n              187.80029296875,\n              -13.742053062720371\n            ],\n            [\n              187.85247802734372,\n            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