In 1986, the Department of the Interior conducted reconnaissance investigations in nine areas of the western conterminous United States to determine whether irrigation drainage has caused or has the potential to cause harmful effects to human health, fish, and wildlife, or may adversely affect the suitability of water for beneficial uses. Data collected in the lower Rio Grande valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge reconnaissance investigation indicate that concentrations of dissolved minor elements in water are small. The maximum dissolved concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chromium, selenium, and zinc exceed the 75th-percentile baseline values developed for the study; however, maximum dissolved concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and selenium exceeded the 75th-percentile baseline values by 1 microgram per liter or less. Concentrations of dissolved boron increased significantly from west to east. The smallest concentration of dissolved boron, 220 micrograms per liter, was detected in International Falcon Reservoir. The largest concentration of dissolved boron, 11,000 micrograms per liter, was detected on the refuge in Athel Pond.
\nNo chlorophenoxy herbicides were detected in water during the June 1986 sampling. Simazine, prometone, and atrazine were the only triazine herbicides detected, and concentrations of these herbicides did not exceed 0.8 microgram per liter. DDE, the only organochlorine Insecticide detected in water, was detected at two locations at concentrations of 0.01 micrograms per liter. Methyl parathion, malathion, and diazinon were the only organophosphorus compounds detected in the June 1986 sampling, and the maximum concentrations of these compounds were 0.75, 0.71, and 0.26 micrograms per liter, respectively. The analysis of three samples collected in August 1986 indicate that the types of pesticides collected during runoff were similiar to those detected during the June 1986 sampling. The exception was that the herbicide 2,4-D was detected during runoff.
\nConcentrations of dissolved cadmium exceeded the chronic criteria for freshwater aquatic life in the Cayo Atascoso in the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. Chromium exceeded the acute and chronic freshwater criteria at four locations in the refuge and in the Laguna Madre. Chromium also exceeded the chronic saltwater criteria in Athel Pond. Concentrations of dissolved copper exceeded the acute and chronic criteria for saltwater aquatic life at 13 locations. Mercury exceeded the chronic criteria for freshwater and saltwater aquatic life at three locations, and dissolved nickel concentrations exceeded the chronic criteria for saltwater aquatic life in the Rio Grande at Anzalduas Dam and in the Resaca de los Frenos near Russeltown.
\nNo organophosphorus insecticides, polychlorinated napthalenes, or polychlorinated biphenyl compounds were detected in four bed-sediment samples. DDE, an organochlorine insecticide, was detected in all four samples at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 34 micrograms per kilogram. Chlordane, ODD, DDE, DOT, and dieldrin were all detected in the Resaca de los Fresnos at U.S. Highway 77 at San Benito with concentrations of 4.0, 9.7, 9.3, 7.3, and 0.1 micrograms per kilogram, respectively. Data collected by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1985 indicate that DDE was detected in approximately 75 percent of the bed sediment samples analyzed. The maximum concentration detected in that study was 6.0 micrograms per gram; the median concentration was 0.01 micrograms per gram.
\nMinor-element data from 22 fish samples indicate that the maximum concentrations of arsenic, copper, mercury, selenium, and zinc exceeded the 85thpercentile baseline concentrations established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program. None of the median concentrations of these minor elements exceeded the baseline concentrations. The maximum concentrations of aluminum, barium, iron, manganese, and tin were detected in fish collected from International Falcon Reservoir. This reservoir stratifies in the summer, and minor elements may be released from the bed sediments in the deep parts of the reservoir and incorporated into the food chain.
\nToxaphene was detected in 11 fish samples; detectable concentrations ranged from 0.98 to 5.1 micrograms per gram, wet weight. DOT also was detected in 11 fish samples with concentrations ranging from 0.021 to 0.066 micrograms per gram, wet weight. ODD was detected in 21 fish samples; concentrations ranged from 0.015 to 0.16 micrograms per gram, wet weight. DDE was detected in all 22 fish samples, and concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 9.9 micrograms per gram, wet weight. The maximum concentrations of DOT and ODD exceeded the 1980-81 baseline concentrations. The median and maximum concentrations of toxaphene and DDE exceeded the 1980-81 baseline concentrations. The largest concentrations of toxaphene, ODD, and DDE in fish were all measured in samples collected at the Main Floodway near Progreso.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri874277","usgsCitation":"Wells, F.C., Jackson, G.A., and Rogers, W.J., 1988, Reconnaissance investigation of water-quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4277, Report: vi, 89 p.; 3 Plates: 16.52 x 11.82 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874277.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 89 p.; 3 Plates: 16.52 x 11.82 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110250,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46922.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"46922"},{"id":59221,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59220,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59222,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59219,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4277/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Lower Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.228515625,\n 26.76032583739443\n ],\n [\n -97.2674560546875,\n 26.566419985978886\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 26.221983043453275\n ],\n [\n -97.14385986328125,\n 25.953105584547533\n ],\n [\n -97.25921630859375,\n 25.950635962446565\n ],\n [\n -97.33062744140625,\n 25.923466700919274\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 25.91111496561543\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -97.37182617187499,\n 25.84439325019514\n ],\n [\n -97.41851806640624,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -97.51739501953125,\n 25.888878582127084\n ],\n [\n -97.58331298828125,\n 25.94816628853973\n ],\n [\n -97.66845703124999,\n 26.02470207419855\n ],\n [\n -97.79205322265625,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.9595947265625,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -98.05847167968749,\n 26.04197744797015\n ],\n [\n -98.2122802734375,\n 26.061717616104055\n ],\n [\n -98.31390380859375,\n 26.12091815959972\n ],\n [\n -98.39080810546875,\n 26.162833742569937\n ],\n [\n -98.48419189453125,\n 26.207198534534083\n ],\n [\n -98.602294921875,\n 26.249083096330665\n ],\n [\n -98.67095947265625,\n 26.2318383390133\n ],\n [\n -98.7725830078125,\n 26.322960198925365\n ],\n [\n -98.81103515625,\n 26.367263860129366\n ],\n [\n -98.89617919921875,\n 26.350036674507894\n ],\n [\n -99.08294677734375,\n 26.40417061185344\n ],\n [\n -99.1131591796875,\n 26.436146919246013\n ],\n [\n -99.1021728515625,\n 26.48532391504829\n ],\n [\n -99.1241455078125,\n 26.522192867724723\n ],\n [\n -99.17083740234375,\n 26.539394329017057\n ],\n [\n -99.17083740234375,\n 26.571333057252076\n ],\n [\n -99.20928955078125,\n 26.723533628008123\n ],\n [\n -99.2340087890625,\n 26.748063090366852\n ],\n [\n -99.228515625,\n 26.76032583739443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63eb2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Frank C.","contributorId":80664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Gerry A.","contributorId":173587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Gerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, William J.","contributorId":173588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":65388,"text":"i1911 - 1988 - Controlled photomosaic of part of the Nilosyrtis Mensae region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:12","indexId":"i1911","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1911","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Controlled photomosaic of part of the Nilosyrtis Mensae region of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1911","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Controlled photomosaic of part of the Nilosyrtis Mensae region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1911, 1 remote sensing image ;61 x 52 cm., on sheet 96 x 59 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1911.","productDescription":"1 remote sensing image ;61 x 52 cm., on sheet 96 x 59 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100937,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1911/plate-1.pdf","size":"5562","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19442,"text":"ofr88310 - 1988 - Water quality of runoff to the Clarksville Memorial Hospital drainage well and of Mobley Spring, Clarksville, Tennessee, February and March, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr88310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-310","title":"Water quality of runoff to the Clarksville Memorial Hospital drainage well and of Mobley Spring, Clarksville, Tennessee, February and March, 1988","docAbstract":"A drainage well and a spring in Clarksville, Tennessee, have been instrumented to collect storm related data in order to define the types and concentrations of water quality characteristics in stormwater runoff and in the receiving groundwater basin. Water quality samples of storm runoff at the drainage well at Clarksville Memorial Hospital and of nearby Mobley Spring were collected during four storms and during normal flow conditions during February and March 1988. Samples were analyzed for major inorganic water quality constituents, selected trace metals, and organics. Several samples from the drainage well and the spring had trace-metals concentrations that exceeded maximum contaminant levels for State drinking-water standards. Organic compounds including phenols, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and other base-neutral extractable organic substance are present in samples from both the drainage well and spring. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88310","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A., 1988, Water quality of runoff to the Clarksville Memorial Hospital drainage well and of Mobley Spring, Clarksville, Tennessee, February and March, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-310, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88310.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1107,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_88-310","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f996f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, A.B.","contributorId":23572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"A.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26967,"text":"wri874263 - 1988 - Effects of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens on the limnological characteristics of selected lakes in western Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T20:53:45.070651","indexId":"wri874263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4263","title":"Effects of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens on the limnological characteristics of selected lakes in western Washington","docAbstract":"The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens provided the opportunity to study its effect on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of lakes near the volcano, and to describe two newly created lakes. Concentrations of dissolved solids and organic carbon, measured in June 1980, had increased from 2 to 30 times those observed in the 1970 's in Spirit, St. Helens, and Venus Lakes. Water in the lakes was altered from preeruption calcium-bicarbonate types to calcium-sulfate, calcium sulfate-chloride, or lake surface, as in St. Helens Lake; transparency in Venus Lake had improved to a depth of 24 ft by 1982. Spirit Lake was anoxic into fall 1980, but had reaerated to 5.2 mg/L of dissolved oxygen by May 1981. Phytoplankton communities in existing lakes in the blast zone in 1980 were primarily green and bluegreen algae; diatoms were sparse until summer 1982. Small numbers of zooplankton in Spirit, St. Helens, and Venus Lakes, compared to numbers in Walupt and Fawn Lakes, may indicate some post-eruption mortality. Rotifers were absent from lakes in the blast zone, but by 1981 were observed in all the lakes. The recovery of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the lakes will depend on stabilization of the surrounding environment and biological processes within each lake. Excluding Spirit Lake, it is estimated that St. Helens Lake would be the slowest to recover and Venus Lake the fastest.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874263","usgsCitation":"Embrey, S., and Dion, N.P., 1988, Effects of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens on the limnological characteristics of selected lakes in western Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4263, v, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874263.","productDescription":"v, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395183,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46912.htm"},{"id":55852,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4263/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.37533569335936,\n 46.20929925529132\n ],\n [\n -122.08419799804689,\n 46.20929925529132\n ],\n [\n -122.08419799804689,\n 46.36588370484979\n ],\n [\n -122.37533569335936,\n 46.36588370484979\n ],\n [\n -122.37533569335936,\n 46.20929925529132\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6107ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embrey, S.S.","contributorId":8448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19277,"text":"ofr88140 - 1988 - U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr88140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-140","title":"U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Oklahoma","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88140","usgsCitation":"Havens, J., 1988, U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-140, 2 p . :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88140.","productDescription":"2 p . :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48739,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612764","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havens, J.S.","contributorId":12043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19275,"text":"ofr88114 - 1988 - National water-information clearinghouse activities; ground-water perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr88114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-114","title":"National water-information clearinghouse activities; ground-water perspective","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey (USGS) has functioned for many years as an informal clearinghouse for water resources information, enabling users to access groundwater information effectively. Water resources clearinghouse activities of the USGS are conducted through several separate computerized water information programs that are involved in the collection, storage, retrieval, and distribution of different types of water information. The following USGS programs perform water information clearinghouse functions and provide the framework for a formalized National Water-Information Clearinghouse: (1) The National Water Data Exchange--a nationwide confederation of more than 300 Federal, State, local, government, academic, and private water-oriented organizations that work together to improve access to water data; (2) the Water Resources Scientific Information Center--acquires, abstracts, and indexes the major water-resources-related literature of the world, and provides this information to the water resources community; (3) the Information Transfer Program--develops innovative approaches to transfer information and technology developed within the USGS to audiences in the public and private sectors; (4) the Hydrologic Information Unit--provides responses to a variety of requests, both technical and lay-oriented, for water resources information , and helps efforts to conduct water resources research; (5) the Water Data Storage and Retrieval System--maintains accessible computerized files of hydrologic data collected nationwide, by the USGS and other governmental agencies, from stream gaging stations, groundwater observation wells, and surface- and groundwater quality sampling sites; (6) the Office of Water Data Coordination--coordinate the water data acquisition activities of all agencies of the Federal Government, and is responsible for the planning, design, and inter-agency coordination of a national water data and information network; and (7) the Water Resources Research Institute Program--coordinates and evaluates activities performed by a variety of groundwater contamination studies ranging from field investigations to analysis of socioeconomic issues. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88114","usgsCitation":"Haupt, C., and Jensen, R., 1988, National water-information clearinghouse activities; ground-water perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-114, 2 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88114.","productDescription":"2 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48737,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69802c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haupt, C.A.","contributorId":87570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haupt","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, R.A.","contributorId":71570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30603,"text":"wri874043 - 1988 - Nitrogen transport in a shallow outwash aquifer at Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-13T19:34:49.834626","indexId":"wri874043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4043","title":"Nitrogen transport in a shallow outwash aquifer at Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York","docAbstract":"Groundwater beneath an industrial park at Olean, New York, contained nitrogen compounds in concentrations that in 1983 ranged from 10 to 1,280 mg/L as nitrogen, mainly in the form of ammonium. Continuous pumping from an industrial well field creates a cone of depression that prevents the nitrogen compounds from migrating to municipal-supply wells, 7,000 ft away. A two-dimensional solute transport model was used to simulate changes in nitrogen concentrations that would result from a permanent shutdown of the well field. The model assumed the nitrogen source decayed at an exponential rate with a decay constant of 0.3/year to account for nitrogen removed from the aquifer by pumping during 1978-84. The source of contamination was found to be sensitive to the volume of pumpage at the industrial well field, which altered the rate of groundwater flow through the contaminated area. Simulations of a permanent shutdown of the well field, assuming nitrogen migrates as a conservative solute, indicated that nitrogen-bearing groundwater would reach the municipal well field within 5 years and the peak concentrations at the municipal well field would range from 2 to 5 mg/L. Simulations of Langmuir adsorption of the dissolved ammonium with a one-dimensional model indicated that the arrival of the solute front at the municipal well field would be retarded by a factor of three.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874043","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., and Bergeron, M.P., 1988, Nitrogen transport in a shallow outwash aquifer at Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4043, Report: vii, 51 p.; 6 Plates: 18.70 x 14.33 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874043.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 51 p.; 6 Plates: 18.70 x 14.33 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59363,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59362,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59365,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59364,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59361,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59367,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59366,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411900,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46727.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4043/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cattaraugus County","city":"Olean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.5075,\n 42.1158\n ],\n [\n -78.5075,\n 42.0567\n ],\n [\n -78.375,\n 42.0567\n ],\n [\n -78.375,\n 42.1158\n ],\n [\n -78.5075,\n 42.1158\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c485","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, R. M.","contributorId":8069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergeron, M. P.","contributorId":42969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16470,"text":"ofr88109 - 1988 - U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:18","indexId":"ofr88109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-109","title":"U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88109","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., 1988, U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-109, 2 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88109.","productDescription":"2 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0109/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45444,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, J.B.","contributorId":61426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13871,"text":"ofr88329 - 1988 - Flow in the unsaturated zone, Tucson, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:37","indexId":"ofr88329","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-329","title":"Flow in the unsaturated zone, Tucson, Arizona","docAbstract":"Field studies in Tucson, Arizona were conducted based on the discovery of contaminants in groundwater from a substantial number of municipal and private wells, and evidence that the presence of a thick unsaturated zone does not prevent the eventual migration of contaminants to regional groundwater systems. A pulse of water containing a tracer was monitored as it passed through the unsaturated zone by using six soil-moisture samplers (lysimeters) that were installed at depths of 11 to 45 ft, 10 ft apart, beneath a shallow, manmade, 3/4-acre recharge basin. The tracer was allowed to infiltrate into the ground for seven days, and water was collected from samplers at 12-hr intervals for about 30 days. Well defined tracer peaks, presented graphically as tracer breakthrough curves, were observed for all but one of the lysimeters installed at the site. Maximum tracer concentration showed no consistent relation with depth; tracer breakthrough sometimes occurred earlier in deep sampling locations than in shallow ones. Rather than moving straight down, water movement occurred along preferential flow paths, referred to as bypass or macropore flow, probably at low soil tension which occurs when the soil is near saturation. Under such conditions, contaminant arrival times can occur sooner than would be expected if flow was assumed to occur as a uniform wetting front that pushes ahead of it the water previously stored in the pores of the unsaturated sediments. Much of the water stored in the soil profile is not involved under conditions of bypass flow, and less interaction occurs between the recharge water and the solid matrix of the unsaturated zone. Therefore certain substances such as chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethylene, pesticides) , other refractory organic compounds (detergents, humic acid), and microorganisms (bacteria) could pass into the underlying groundwater. Results of this study have applicability throughout the southwestern United States as well as in other parts of the country where the practice of artificial recharge is being considered. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88329","usgsCitation":"Graham, D., 1988, Flow in the unsaturated zone, Tucson, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-329, 2 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88329.","productDescription":"2 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0329/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42486,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0329/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, D. D.","contributorId":68314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65282,"text":"i1876 - 1988 - Controlled photomosaic and revised shaded relief map of the Mare Boreum region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:20","indexId":"i1876","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1876","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Controlled photomosaic and revised shaded relief map of the Mare Boreum region of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1876","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Controlled photomosaic and revised shaded relief map of the Mare Boreum region of Mars (2nd edition): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1876, 2 remote-sensing images :1 col. ;67 cm. diam., on sheets 92 x 81 cm. and 84 x 73 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1876.","productDescription":"2 remote-sensing images :1 col. ;67 cm. diam., on sheets 92 x 81 cm. and 84 x 73 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100848,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1876/plate-2.pdf","size":"7661","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100847,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1876/plate-1.pdf","size":"8061","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"5000000","edition":"2nd edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68aed8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30611,"text":"wri884081 - 1988 - Hydrogeology and water resources of the Los Osos Valley ground-water basin, San Luis Obispo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri884081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4081","title":"Hydrogeology and water resources of the Los Osos Valley ground-water basin, San Luis Obispo County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884081","usgsCitation":"Yates, E., and Wiese, J.H., 1988, Hydrogeology and water resources of the Los Osos Valley ground-water basin, San Luis Obispo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4081, v, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884081.","productDescription":"v, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59379,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, E.B.","contributorId":77973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiese, J. H.","contributorId":105774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":65283,"text":"i1922 - 1988 - Controlled photomosaic and revised shaded relief map of the Tharsis Quadrangle of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:20","indexId":"i1922","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1922","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Controlled photomosaic and revised shaded relief map of the Tharsis Quadrangle of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1922","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Controlled photomosaic and revised shaded relief map of the Tharsis Quadrangle of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1922, 2 remote-sensing images :1 col. ;37 x 53 cm., on sheets 68 x 68 cm. and 60 x 60 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1922.","productDescription":"2 remote-sensing images :1 col. ;37 x 53 cm., on sheets 68 x 68 cm. and 60 x 60 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260756,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1922/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":260757,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1922/plate-2.pdf"}],"scale":"5000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68aee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174904,"text":"70174904 - 1988 - Selenium accumulation in benthic bivalves and fine sediments of San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, and selected tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T13:31:35","indexId":"70174904","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium accumulation in benthic bivalves and fine sediments of San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, and selected tributaries","docAbstract":"Spatial distributions of selenium were determined in fine-grained, oxidized, surface sediments and in two benthic bivalves (Corbicula sp., a suspension-feeding freshwater clam, and Macoma balthica, a deposit-feeding brackish-water clam) within San Francisco Bay, the San Joaquin River and three river systems unlikely to be subject to selenium inputs. Biologically available selenium enters the middle reaches of the San Joaquin River from agricultural runoff. However, selenium concentrations in sediments and Corbicula in the lower San Joaquin, upstream from San Francisco Bay, were not significantly different from concentrations in rivers with no known selenium inputs. Biologically available selenium did not appear to enter the northernmost reach of San Francisco Bay from the San Joaquin River in levels which could measurably influence bioaccumulation by Corbicula. Selenium concentrations in Corbicula were enriched in the northernmost reach of San Francisco Bay compared with the rivers, but several lines of evidence suggested that local inputs (perhaps from urban/industrial waste discharges) were the most important sources. Selenium concentrations in Macoma balthica were also elevated at one station in the northern reach of the Bay and at one station in the extreme South Bay. However, no enrichment was evident at two other stations, suggesting a lack of bay-wide contamination. No significant correlation between selenium and mercury concentrations in Corbicula tissues was observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(88)90095-9","usgsCitation":"Johns, C., Luoma, S.N., and Elrod, V., 1988, Selenium accumulation in benthic bivalves and fine sediments of San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, and selected tributaries: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 27, no. 4, p. 381-396, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(88)90095-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"396","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 38.24680876017446\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 38.24680876017446\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 36.94989178681327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a190e4b030378fb4745d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johns, Carolyn","contributorId":173044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johns","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elrod, Virginia","contributorId":173045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elrod","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156297,"text":"70156297 - 1988 - Phytoplankton growth rates in a light-limited environment, San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T16:19:01","indexId":"70156297","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton growth rates in a light-limited environment, San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Phytoplankton cells reside in a turbulent medium partitioned into an upper photic zone that sustains photosynthesis, and a lower aphotic zone that does not. In estuaries, vertical mixing rates between these 2 zones can be rapid (< 1 generation time) because of tidal stirring and because the mixing depth is generally shallow. Moreover, the photic depth is characteristically shallow in estuaries because of the high seston concentrations that typify these systems (e.g. Cloern 1987). Hence the mean light exposure of phytoplankton cells, and their rates of photosynthesis and growth in estuaries, should be related to the ratio of photic depth Zp to mixing Zm, (defined as either the water column depth, or the surface layer depth in a stratified estuary).
\nGrobbelar (1985) has measured phytoplankton production in turbid waters and used the ratio Zp:Zm as a simple index to quantify the degree of light limitation. Harris and his colleagues have examined in detail the importance of the Zp:Zm ratio in lakes for influencing variability of phytoplankton production and photosynthetic parameters (Harris et al. 1980), and variability of species composition both temporally (Harris & Piccinin 1980) and spatially (Haffner et al. 1980). Phytoplankton growth rates have only rarely been measured in estuaries (Malone 1977, Furnas 1982, Harding et al. 1986) where cycling rates between the photic and aphotic zones can be much faster than in lakes or the open ocean.
\nThis study was motivated by the need for quantitative measures of phytoplankton population growth rate in an estuarine environment, and was designed around the presumption that growth rates can be related empirically to light exposure. We conducted the study in San Francisco Bay (California, USA), which has large horizontal gradients in light availability (Zp:Zm) typical of many coastal plain estuaries, and nutrient concentrations that often exceed those presumed to limit phytoplankton growth (Cloern et al. 1985). We tested the hypothesis that light availability is the primary control of phytoplankton growth, and that previous estimates of growth rate based on the ratio of productivity to biomass (Cloern et al. 1985) are realistic. Specifically, we wanted to verify that growth rate varies spatially along horizontal gradients of light availability indexed as Zp:Zm, such that phytoplankton turnover rate is rapid in shallow clear areas (high Zp:Zm) and slow in deep turbid areas (low Zp:Zm). We used an in situ incubation technique which simulated vertical mixing, and measured both changes in cell number and carbon production as independent estimates of growth rate across a range of Zp:Zm ratios.
","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Alpine, A.E., and Cloern, J.E., 1988, Phytoplankton growth rates in a light-limited environment, San Francisco Bay: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 44, p. 167-173.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v44/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.54974365234374,\n 37.43125050179356\n ],\n [\n -122.54974365234374,\n 38.16047628099622\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 38.16047628099622\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 37.43125050179356\n ],\n [\n -122.54974365234374,\n 37.43125050179356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b2e4b0518e3546a4d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpine, Andrea E.","contributorId":54927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007463,"text":"70007463 - 1988 - Nutritional values of waterfowl foods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T15:18:06","indexId":"70007463","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T16:48:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":24,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"13.1.1","title":"Nutritional values of waterfowl foods","docAbstract":"wetland habitats throughout their annual cycles. Survival, reproduction, and growth are dependent on the availability of foods that meet nutritional requirements for recurring biological events. These requirements occur among a wide variety of environmental conditions that also influence nutritional demands. Recent work on nesting waterfowl has identified the female’s general nutrient needs for egg laying and incubation. Far less is known about nutritional requirements for molt and other portions of the life cycle, particularly those during the nonbreeding season. Although information on specific requirements for amino acids and micronutrients of wild birds is meager, the available information on waterfowl requirements can be used to develop waterfowl management strategies. For example, nutrient content of foods, nutritional requirements of waterfowl, and the cues waterfowl use in locating and selecting foods are all kinds of information that managers need to encourage use of habitats by feeding waterfowl. Waterfowl nutritional needs during the annual cycle and the nutritional values of natural foods and crops will be discussed below.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl Management Handbook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Fredickson, L.H., and Reid, F.A., 1988, Nutritional values of waterfowl foods: Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 13.1.1, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":115814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/wmh/wmh.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":204596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a69d2e4b0c8380cd73ef8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fredickson, Leigh H.","contributorId":101808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredickson","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Fredric A.","contributorId":18107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Fredric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207944,"text":"70207944 - 1988 - Annual body weight change in ring-neck ducks (Aythya collaris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T15:16:57","indexId":"70207944","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-31T15:11:02","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"17","displayTitle":"Annual body weight change in ring-neck ducks (Aythya collaris)","title":"Annual body weight change in ring-neck ducks (Aythya collaris)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl in winter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Hohman, W.L., Taylor, T.S., and Weller, M.W., 1988, Annual body weight change in ring-neck ducks (Aythya collaris), chap. 17 of Waterfowl in winter, p. 257-269.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Manitoba, Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 46.98025235521883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.25,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -97.6025390625,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -97.6025390625,\n 51.17934297928927\n ],\n [\n -101.25,\n 51.17934297928927\n ],\n [\n -101.25,\n 48.951366470947725\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohman, William L.","contributorId":73141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, T. 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The HSI depends upon six (HSI1) or, optionally, eight (HSI2) variables. The six variables are percent of bottom covered with suitable cultch (V1), mean summer water salinity (V2), mean abundance of living oysters (V3) (a gregarious settling factor), historic mean water salinity (V4), frequency of killing floods (V5), and substrate firmness (V6). The optional variables are the abundance of the southern oyster drillThais haemostoma (V7), and the intensity of the oyster pathogenPerkinsus marinus (V8). The HSI values were lowest at high and low salinity sites and highest at intermediate-salinity sites. To validate the model, the hypothesis that the output of the HSI model was correlated with oyster density was therefore tested. A significant correlation was found between HSI1 and oyster density (Kendall Tau Beta correlation coefficient, τ=0.674, p<0.001, n=38); however, a statistical independence problem exists with the above test, that is, oyster density is both the independent standard for the test and a variable in the model. A regression model was constructed to test the relationship between log-transformed oyster density values (dependent variable) and the other variables of the model (independent variables). Most variation (r2=0.72, r=0.85) in the log-transformed density values were explained by a regression model that contained V2, V4, V5, V6, V7, and V8 as independent variables. The regression model was useful in constructing a modified HSI model (MHSI). A significant correlation (τ=0.674, p<0.05, n=10) was found between MHSI1 values and oyster densities from reefs closed to harvesting. The MHSI improves upon the original model by (i) simplifying the model structure, (ii) removing the requirement to measure V3, (iii) accounting better for the negative effects of high salinity, disease, and parasitism upon oysters, and (iv) eliminating the statistical independence problem by dropping V3 from the model. The MHSI should be tested against a new, independently-collected data set.
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Jr.","contributorId":72861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary 0000-0001-8482-6130 gkrapu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-6130","contributorId":168791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary","email":"gkrapu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conant, Bruce","contributorId":37596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conant","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Percival, H. Franklin percivalf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.","email":"percivalf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hall, David L.","contributorId":222395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204484,"text":"70204484 - 1988 - Habitat relationships of island nesting seabirds along Coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T12:02:38","indexId":"70204484","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-31T12:00:36","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat relationships of island nesting seabirds along Coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"Seabirds in the saline marsh of coastal Louisiana nest on the islands that are more isolated, smaller, have lower percentages of woody vegetation, and higher percentages of herbaceous vegetation and beach habitat. Only moderate variation in these habitat features was demonstrated among years of colonization. The factors causing these preferences appear to be protection from mammalian predators and presence of suitable nesting habitat. Forster's Terns colonized islands with a lower beach percentage than those colonized by Laughing Gulls or Black Skimmers due to interspecific differences in preferred nesting substrate. Nest site tenacity was weak in that the majority (57%) of colonies was active during only one of the three years of survey. Extreme nest site tenacity is probably selected against in these highly unstable wetlands. However, those islands colonized perennially were more geographically isolated and had higher percentages of beach cover. The relationship between seabird nesting abundance and the habitat variables was low, implying a lack of fine tuning of population numbers to habitat at a local scale. Numerous islands potentially suitable for colonization by seabirds may exist along coastal Louisiana. But the presence of alternative nesting islands may be required due to the ever changing nature of these saline marsh wetlands.
Analytical solutions have been developed for many conceptual models of solute transport in groundwater (Bear 1979). Although these models usually rely on assumptions too restrictive for accurate description of actual field situations, they are useful in understanding groundwater transport and in evaluating the relative importance of the subsurface processes affecting transport. In addition, these simple models are often used for generic and screening-type analyses of groundwater contamination problems (Kent et al. 1985). For example, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission assesses potential doses resulting from the disposal of very slightly contaminated material in the ground using analytical solutions for one- and two-dimensional groundwater transport (Codell and Schreiber 1979; Codell et al. 1982; Goode et al. 1986). This note presents a method for determining a \"worst-case\" groundwater velocity value for two conceptual models of decaying radionuclide transport, resulting in maximum calculated point concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:8(933)","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., 1988, Groundwater velocity magnitude in radionuclide transport calculations: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 8, p. 933-939, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:8(933).","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"939","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596f1e28e4b0d1f9f064077e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194876,"text":"70194876 - 1988 - The Blake Plateau Basin and Carolina Trough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T10:06:53","indexId":"70194876","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Blake Plateau Basin and Carolina Trough","docAbstract":"Presently, the continental margin of the southeastern United States (Fig. 1) forms a zone of transition between the actively building, steep-fronted carbonate platform of the Bahamas and the typical eastern North American terrigenous clastic-dominated, drowned, shelf-slope-rise configuration. This region of the continental margin is underlain by two major sedimentary basins—the Blake Plateau Basin and the Carolina Trough (Fig. 2)—which are different in shape, basement structure, and history. Indeed, the two southern basins show some of the greatest contrasts of any basins of eastern North America, especially in their early response to rifting and in the change from rifting to drifting. The region has experienced abrupt major changes in geological conditions, most notably the onset of Gulf Stream flow in the early Tertiary.
Morphologically, the area is dominated by the broad, flat Blake Plateau at about 800-1,000 m water depth (Fig. 1). The plateau is bounded to the east by the extremely steep Blake Escarpment, descending to 5,000 m water depths. To the west, a short continental slope rises to a continental shelf. This Blake Plateau morphology characterizes the margin east of Florida and north of the Bahamas. North of Florida the margin merges into the typical shelf-slope-rise morphology. Just north of the Blake Escarpment and its northern projection, the Blake Spur, the Blake Ridge extends away from the continental slope at water depths exceeding 2,000 m (Fig. 1). This broad ridge is a Cenozoic, sedimentary drift deposit controlled by bottom currents. (For the reader who is beginning to wonder why half of the features of this region seem to be named \"Blake\", the Blake was a Coast Survey steamer from which investigations off the southeastern U.S. were carried out in 1877 to 1880. Ferromanganese nodules were discovered on the Blake Plateau at that time [Murray, 1885].)
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Atlantic Continental Margin","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/DNAG-GNA-I2","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., and Popenoe, P., 1988, The Blake Plateau Basin and Carolina Trough, chap. of The Atlantic Continental Margin, v. 1-2, p. 291-328, https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-GNA-I2.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"328","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blake Plateau basin; Carolina Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 29.34387539941801\n ],\n [\n -70.09277343749999,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -76.4208984375,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -77.16796875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -77.783203125,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -78.134765625,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -78.7060546875,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 32.175612478499325\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 30.789036751261136\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 29.11377539511439\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4ca0e4b06e28e9cabb44","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725846,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grow, John A.","contributorId":25943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725847,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205829,"text":"70205829 - 1988 - Ground-water influences on wetlands at Indiana Dunes, Northwest Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T13:25:27","indexId":"70205829","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-30T13:17:44","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground-water influences on wetlands at Indiana Dunes, Northwest Indiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Interdisciplinary approaches to freshwater wetlands research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Michigan State University Press","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, R.J., Loiacono, N.L., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1988, Ground-water influences on wetlands at Indiana Dunes, Northwest Indiana, in Interdisciplinary approaches to freshwater wetlands research, p. 37-55.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.91627502441406,\n 41.73545418490723\n ],\n [\n -87.29804992675781,\n 41.624168672581824\n ],\n [\n -87.26097106933594,\n 41.55689395590664\n ],\n [\n -86.96090698242188,\n 41.66008825124748\n ],\n [\n -86.90116882324219,\n 41.69034777353792\n ],\n [\n -86.91627502441406,\n 41.73545418490723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Robert J. rjshedlo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Robert","email":"rjshedlo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loiacono, N. L.","contributorId":219545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loiacono","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}