A continuous record of oxygen-18 (δ18O) variations in the continental hydrosphere during the middle-to-late Pleistocene has been obtained from a uranium-series dated calcitic vein in the southern Great Basin. The vein was deposited from ground water that moved through Devils Hole—an open fault zone at Ash Meadows, Nevada—between 50 and 310 ka (thousand years ago). The configuration of the δ18O versus time curve closely resembles the marine and Antarctic ice core (Vostok) δ18O curves; however, the U-Th dates indicate that the last interglacial stage (marine oxygen isotope stage 5) began before 147 ± 3 ka, at least 17,000 years earlier than indicated by the marine δ18O record and 7,000 years earlier than indicated by the less well dated Antarctic δ18O record. This discrepancy and other differences in the timing of key climatic events suggest that the indirectly dated marine δ18O chronology may need revision and that orbital forcing may not be the principal cause of the Pleistocene ice ages.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.242.4883.1275","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I.J., Coplen, T.B., Szabo, B.J., and Riggs, A.C., 1988, A 250,000-year climatic record from Great Basin vein calcite: Implications for Milankovitch theory: Science, v. 242, no. 4883, p. 1275-1280, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.242.4883.1275.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1275","endPage":"1280","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Devils Hole","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.3889859898488,\n 36.4879787210827\n ],\n [\n -116.3889859898488,\n 36.356598366924445\n ],\n [\n -116.2219193029883,\n 36.356598366924445\n ],\n [\n -116.2219193029883,\n 36.4879787210827\n ],\n [\n -116.3889859898488,\n 36.4879787210827\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"242","issue":"4883","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c2e4b0c8380cd45c1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, Isaac J. ijwinogr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"ijwinogr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riggs, Alan C. ariggs@usgs.gov","contributorId":149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Alan","email":"ariggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":368440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199706,"text":"70199706 - 1988 - Nonparametric statistical methods for comparing two sites based on data with multiple nondetect limits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T09:22:37","indexId":"70199706","displayToPublicDate":"1988-12-01T09:22:13","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonparametric statistical methods for comparing two sites based on data with multiple nondetect limits","docAbstract":"As concern over the effects of trace amounts of pollutants has increased, so has the need for statistical methods that deal appropriately with data that include values reported as “less than” the detection limit. It has become increasingly common for water quality data to include censored values that reflect more than one detection limit for a single analyte. For such multiply censored data sets, standard statistical methods (for example, to compare analyte concentration in two areas) are not valid. In such cases, methods from the biostatistical field of survival analysis are applicable. Several common two‐sample censored data rank tests are explained, and their behaviors are studied via a Monte Carlo simulation in which sample sizes and censoring mechanisms are varied under an assumed lognormal distribution. These tests are applied to shallow groundwater chemistry data from two sites in the San Joaquin Valley, California. The best overall test, in terms of maintained α level, is the normal scores test based on a permutation variance. In cases where the α level is maintained, however, the Peto‐Prentice statistic based on an asymptotic variance performs as well or better.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i012p02087","usgsCitation":"Millard, S.P., and Deverel, S.J., 1988, Nonparametric statistical methods for comparing two sites based on data with multiple nondetect limits: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 2087-2098, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i012p02087.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2087","endPage":"2098","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c113000e4b034bf6a824ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Millard, Steven P.","contributorId":208187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millard","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deverel, Steven J.","contributorId":208022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deverel","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200578,"text":"70200578 - 1988 - Compositional zonation and cumulus processes in the Mount Mazama magma chamber, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T13:16:58","indexId":"70200578","displayToPublicDate":"1988-11-01T13:16:16","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5770,"text":"Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional zonation and cumulus processes in the Mount Mazama magma chamber, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"The 6845 ± 50 BP climactic eruption of Mount Mazama discharged 47 ± 9 km3 of vertically zoned calc-alkaline magma, affording a virtually complete section through the chamber. Evidence for two andesitic parents with different trace-element (particularly Sr) and water contents is preserved in the ejecta. Prior to eruption, a dominant volume of rhyodacite was underlain successively by high-Sr andesite, high-Sr crystal mushes, and low-Sr crystal mushes. Intergranular liquids in the high-Sr magmas were probably richer in water than those in the low-Sr magmas. Thermal continuity throughout the ejecta favours eruption from a single, zoned reservoir. Insight into chamber development is given by preclimactic rhyodacitic lavas and tephra erupted between about 30,000 BP and the climactic eruption. The oldest of these lavas, contaminated derivatives of low-Sr magma, contain crystal-poor magmatic inclusions of low-Sr andesite; the youngest has inclusions of high-Sr andesite and, like rhyodacitic pumice in the climactic ejecta, is hybrid magma containing an admixed high-Sr component. A model for steady-state growth of the chamber is inferred whereby repeated recharge, first by low-Sr then high-Sr andesite (± basalt), builds up a cumulate succession, while derivative liquid fractionates convectively, segregates, and mixes with an incrementally growing silicic volume. The magma chamber at Mount Mazama may provide insight into the evolution of some granitoid plutons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Edinburgh","doi":"10.1017/S0263593300014280","usgsCitation":"Druitt, T.H., and Bacon, C.R., 1988, Compositional zonation and cumulus processes in the Mount Mazama magma chamber, Crater Lake, Oregon: Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 79, no. 2-3, p. 289-297, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300014280.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"79","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c113000e4b034bf6a824ce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170548,"text":"70170548 - 1988 - Microbial degradation of crude oil and some model hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T12:24:20","indexId":"70170548","displayToPublicDate":"1988-11-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Microbial degradation of crude oil and some model hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"Research on microbial degradation of crude oil in the shallow subsurface at a spill site near Bemidji, Minn. (fig. C-l), began in 1983 (Hull, 1984; Chang and Ehrlich, 1984). The rate and extent of crude oil and model hydrocarbon biodegradation by the indigenous microbial community was measured in the laboratory at several concentrations of inorganic nutrients, conditions of oxygen availability, incubation temperatures, and incubation time.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second Technical Meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Chang, F., Noben, N., Brand, D., and Hult, M.F., 1988, Microbial degradation of crude oil and some model hydrocarbons, in Proceedings of the Second Technical Meeting, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 21-25, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-481, p. C33-C42.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"C33","endPage":"C42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fd3e4b071321fe56a6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Fu-Hsian","contributorId":168848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Fu-Hsian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noben, N.N.","contributorId":168849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noben","given":"N.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, Danny","contributorId":168884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Danny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hult, Marc F.","contributorId":18344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014373,"text":"70014373 - 1988 - Microbial transformations of azaarenes in creosite-contaminated soil and ground water: Laboratory and field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T15:21:01.689054","indexId":"70014373","displayToPublicDate":"1988-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial transformations of azaarenes in creosite-contaminated soil and ground water: Laboratory and field studies","docAbstract":"Azaarenes or aromatic nitrogen heterocycles are a class of compounds found in wood-preservative wastes containing creosote. The fate and movement of these compounds in contaminated aquifers is not well understood. Water-quality studies in an aquifer contaminated with creosote near Pensacola, Florida, indicated that ground water was contaminated with several azaarenes and their oxygenated and alkylated derivatives, suggesting that these oxygenated compounds may be products of microbial transformation reactions. Accordingly, laboratory studies were designed to investigate the fate of these compounds.
Under aerobic conditions, soil pseudomonads isolated from creosote-contaminated soil converted quinoline to 2(1H)quinoline that subsequently was degraded to unknown products. A methanogenic consortium isolated from an anaerobic sewage digestor, in presence of ground-water and creosote-contaminated soil, converted quinoline, isoquinoline, and 4-methylquinoline to their respective oxygenated analogs. In addition, N-, C-, and O-methylated analogs of oxygenated azaarenes were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in aerobic cultures. Under the experimental conditions, 2-methylquinoline was biorefractory. Presence of similar biotransformation products in anaerobic cultures and contaminated ground water from the Pensacola site provided further evidence that these compounds indeed were mivrobial transformation products.
Stable isotope labeling studies indicated that the source of the oxygen atom for this hydroxylation reaction under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was water. A mechanism was proposed for this hydroxylation reaction. Whereas parent azaarenes are biodegradable in both anaerobic and aerobic zones, oxygenated and alkylated analogs are more biorefractory and, hence, persistent in anaerobic zones of contaminated aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/wst.1988.0261","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C., Updegraff, D., and Bennett, J., 1988, Microbial transformations of azaarenes in creosite-contaminated soil and ground water: Laboratory and field studies: Water Science and Technology, v. 20, no. 11-12, p. 17-23, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0261.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225440,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5662e4b0c8380cd6d567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Updegraff, D.M.","contributorId":13251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updegraff","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, J.L.","contributorId":101004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175823,"text":"70175823 - 1988 - Inventory of interbasin water transfer in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T11:01:08","indexId":"70175823","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-25T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Inventory of interbasin water transfer in Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Water Use Data for Water Resources Management","conferenceDate":"August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Trotta, L.C., 1988, Inventory of interbasin water transfer in Minnesota, Symposium on Water Use Data for Water Resources Management, Bethesda, Maryland, August 1988, p. 93-105.","startPage":"93","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dcbe4b03fd6b7da37ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trotta, L. C.","contributorId":63410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trotta","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220012,"text":"5220012 - 1988 - Pesticide contamination and hatching success of waterbirds in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-22T20:27:07.329993","indexId":"5220012","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide contamination and hatching success of waterbirds in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Waterfowl wintering on the Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) were contaminated (ltoreq 4 ppm wet wt) with dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE), but residues were below levels known to affect waterfowl. Eggs of some nesting waterbirds contained higher than expected levels of DDE, especially those of green-backed herons (Butorides striatus), ranging up to 43 ppm wet weight. Hatching success (P < 0.05) and eggshell thickness (P < 0.05) in green-backed herons and anhingas (Anhinga anhinga) were negatively correlated with DDE in the eggs, and shell thinning (P < 0.05) was evident 12-13 years after DDT was banned in the United States. The threshold level of DDE determined necessary for reduced hatching success in green-backed heron eggs was 5.1-10 ppm wet weight. These results further increase our ability to interpret DDE concentrations in waterbirds and predict their potential effects on productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800937","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Fleming, W.J., and Ensor, K.L., 1988, Pesticide contamination and hatching success of waterbirds in Mississippi: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 4, p. 724-729, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800937.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"729","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.02638684723075,\n 33.11576951729235\n ],\n [\n -91.02638684723075,\n 33.03579250910256\n ],\n [\n -90.96596204254341,\n 33.03579250910256\n ],\n [\n -90.96596204254341,\n 33.11576951729235\n ],\n [\n -91.02638684723075,\n 33.11576951729235\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":21728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, W. James","contributorId":85279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ensor, Keren L.","contributorId":12142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensor","given":"Keren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220013,"text":"5220013 - 1988 - Evaluation of aerial transect surveys for wintering American black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-22T16:01:59.599159","indexId":"5220013","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of aerial transect surveys for wintering American black ducks","docAbstract":"We used an experimental aerial transect survey with stratified random sampling, to estimate the size of the population of wintering black ducks (Anas rubripes) in coastal New Jersey during 2 winters, and the coastal Atlantic Flyway (Me. to S.C.) during 4 years. Population estimates were precise (CV < 0.20) on a flyway basis, whereas individual strata (states) had coefficients of variation of 0.16-0.71. Population estimates agreed with the conventional mid-winter waterfowl surveys (MWS) for all 4 years (MWS within 95% CI of N). We recommend continuing these surveys to provide precise and statistically defensible population estimates for black ducks. Additional improvements in precision may be achieved using recent developments in estimation such as Bayesian techniques. Techniques to decrease bias through air-ground comparisons are likely to be expensive and will require more development. Air-ground comparisons can probably be justified if there is a demonstrable need for an estimate of the absolute size of the black duck population versus an index.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800933","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M.J., Goldsberry, J.R., Hines, J., and Stotts, D.B., 1988, Evaluation of aerial transect surveys for wintering American black ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 52, no. 4, p. 694-703, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800933.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"694","endPage":"703","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.28059782204323,\n 41.94554675096802\n ],\n [\n -76.37005771720551,\n 37.625359852846636\n ],\n [\n -80.56088460563839,\n 32.54462509667418\n ],\n [\n -73.18371114499031,\n 36.41785343887551\n ],\n [\n -66.7038881374831,\n 48.07883651639415\n ],\n [\n -72.28059782204323,\n 41.94554675096802\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae7a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":331194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsberry, James R.","contributorId":23814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsberry","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014338,"text":"70014338 - 1988 - Seismicity in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T15:51:19.368016","indexId":"70014338","displayToPublicDate":"1988-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity in South Carolina","docAbstract":"The largest historical earthquake in South Carolina, and in the southeastern US, occurred in the Coastal Plain province, probably northwest of Charleston, in 1886. Locations for aftershocks associated with this earthquake, estimated using intensities based on newspaper accounts, defined a northwest trending zone about 250 km long that was at least 100 km wide in the Coastal Plain but widened to a northeast trending zone in the Piedmont. The subsequent historical and instrumentally recorded seismicity in South Carolina images the 1886 aftershock zone. Except for a few scattered earthquakes and a swarm of shallow (≤ 4 km deep), small (ML ≤ 2.5), primarily reverse faulting earthquakes that occurred along the flanks of a granite pluton about 60 km northwest of Columbia, the seismicity in the Piedmont province has been associated with water level changes in reservoirs. Reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) is shallow (≤ 6 km deep), primarily strike-slip or thrust faulting corresponding to an inferred maximum horizontal compressive stress oriented approximately N 60° E. Instrumentally recorded seismicity in the Coastal Plain province occurs in 3 seismic zones or clusters: Middleton Place-Summerville (MPSSZ), Adams Run (ARC), and Bowman (BSZ). Approximately 68% of the Coastal Plain earthquakes occur in the MPSSZ, a north trending zone about 22 km long and 12 km wide, lying about 20 km northwest of Charleston. The hypocenters of MPSSZ earthquakes range in depth from near the surface to almost 12 km. Thrust, strike-slip, and some normal faulting are indicated by the fault plane solutions for Coastal Plain earthquakes. The maximum horizontal compressive stress, inferred from the P-axes of the fault plane solutions, is oriented NE-SW in the shallow crust (< 9 km deep) but appears to be diffusely E-W between 9 to 12 km deep. Although there is localized variability, the current seismicity and associated faulting in South Carolina probably represent a regional response to the NE-SW maximum horizontal compressive stress prevalent throughout eastern North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.59.4.165","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, K.M., 1988, Seismicity in South Carolina: Seismological Research Letters, v. 59, no. 4, p. 165-171, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.59.4.165.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.11119998356874,\n 35.01023290788176\n ],\n [\n -83.31606862062566,\n 34.73773119477824\n ],\n [\n -82.24585743653857,\n 33.68055625183999\n ],\n [\n -81.25191560426644,\n 32.40101840790609\n ],\n [\n -80.83242368941809,\n 32.078392275765026\n ],\n [\n -80.49876867802588,\n 32.15921712319552\n ],\n [\n -78.73480777221232,\n 33.28232451476005\n ],\n [\n -78.59177906612226,\n 33.90139801811003\n ],\n [\n -79.65010123771732,\n 34.809047318434686\n ],\n [\n -80.77875723907695,\n 34.835749705563\n ],\n [\n -81.08742558870982,\n 35.1596579758138\n ],\n [\n -82.29591995937459,\n 35.26068178662756\n ],\n [\n -83.11119998356874,\n 35.01023290788176\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b94e4b08c986b317942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Kaye M.","contributorId":61788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Kaye","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171481,"text":"70171481 - 1988 - Recovery efficiency from single-well injection/recovery tests in a limestone aquifer of high secondary porosity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T13:04:57","indexId":"70171481","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-14T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recovery efficiency from single-well injection/recovery tests in a limestone aquifer of high secondary porosity","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Irrigation and Drainage Division, Artificial Recharge of Ground Water, International Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"American Society of Civil Engineers, Irrigation and Drainage Division, Artificial Recharge of Ground Water, International Symposium","conferenceDate":"August 23-27, 1988","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, California","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","isbn":"9780872627130","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., 1988, Recovery efficiency from single-well injection/recovery tests in a limestone aquifer of high secondary porosity, in Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Irrigation and Drainage Division, Artificial Recharge of Ground Water, International Symposium, Anaheim, California, August 23-27, 1988, p. 54-63.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500770e4b0ee97d51bb705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70074645,"text":"70074645 - 1988 - The ecology of the soft-bottom benthos of San Francisco Bay: a community profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-15T11:20:36","indexId":"70074645","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-01T13:20:17","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":93,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"85(7.23)","title":"The ecology of the soft-bottom benthos of San Francisco Bay: a community profile","docAbstract":"This profile, part of a series of profiles concerning coastal habitats of the United States, is a detailed examination of the soft-bottom benthos of San Francisco Bay. A U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and California Department of Fish and Game report (1979) entitled \"Protection and Restoration of San Francisco Bay Fish and Wildlife Habitat\" provides clear recognition of the importance of intertidal and subtidal soft-bottom habitats and their associated organisms to the bay's birds and fishes and to the overall functioning of the estuary. The purpose of this profile is to provide a description of the structure and functioning of the benthic community in San Francisco Bay (exclusive of its tidal marshes, which are discussed by M. Josselyn [1983] in another profile). The habitats covered in this volume include all nonvegetated soft-bottom intertidal and subtidal areas of the bay between the Golden Gate and the mouths of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers to the northeast, and to the southern extremity of the bay.
\n\n
The profile provides a reference to the scientific information concerning the animals and plants of the bay's benthic communities, their importance to the bay ecosystem, and their value as a resource measured in human terms. Because there have been few process-oriented studies of the benthos of San Francisco Bay (e.g., field and laboratory rate-measurement experiments), the material presented herein is largely descriptive. Nonetheless, we have described the processes that interconnect the various physical, chemical, and biological components of the benthic environment, and the important couplings between this environment and the water column above, with reference to research results from other estuaries where necessary. We consider the role of the benthic community as a food source for fish, aquatic birds, and humans; as a consumer or degrader of organic materials including wastes; as a recycler of minerals and nutrients; and as an accumulator of pollutants.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Slidell, LA","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F.H., and Pamatmat, M.M., 1988, The ecology of the soft-bottom benthos of San Francisco Bay: a community profile: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 85(7.23), xi, 73 p.","productDescription":"xi, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281777,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/techrpt/85-7-23.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River;San Francisco Bay;San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -126.0,32.3 ], [ -126.0,49.0 ], [ -114.0,49.0 ], [ -114.0,32.3 ], [ -126.0,32.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd77bfe4b0b2908510bae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Frederic H.","contributorId":25548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pamatmat, Mario M.","contributorId":91016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pamatmat","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70122708,"text":"70122708 - 1988 - Conservation of North American rallids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T13:37:22","indexId":"70122708","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-01T13:19:56","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation of North American rallids","docAbstract":"The Rallidae are a diverse group in their habitat selection, yet most North American species occur in or near wetlands As a consequence, most species are subject to habitat enhancement or perturbation from waterfowl management programs. The overall effects of these management programs relative to rallid conservation have been assessed for few species, and there is a need for synthesis of such information. In the cases of some species or raves, population status is not known, and suggested directions for conservation and management are needed. Rare, endangered, or status undetermined species or races often occur in areas where related species are classified as game birds, and the effects of such hunting on rarer forms are not known. Their generally secretive nature, the endangered status of several races and populations, and continued loss of habitat and threats to present habitat, warrant an examination of the conservation status of the North American taxa in this group.
\nIn 1977, a committee of the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies summarized available information on management and biology of American Coots (Fulica americana), rails, and gallinules in North America (Holliman 1977). That summary was intended to provide relatively complete information on conservation of these species, and also to provide guidance for research within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (FWS) Accelerated Research Program for Webless Migratory Shore and Upland Game Birds (ARP). Subsequently, a number of rallid studies were funded under this program. The program was eliminated in 1982, following substantial research activities on North American rallids.
\nSince the demise of the ARP, additional research on rallids in North America has focused on an area the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies report failed to cover in detail--that of endangered rallids in the U.S. and their possessions. Most of these studies have been of threatened and endangered taxa in western coastal marshes. This report updates and summarizes information on North American rallids since the ARP report and identifies the major conservation problems of this group with the intent of focusing future efforts on these priority issues. Consideration of island forms occurring within U.S. possessions is beyond the scope of this report, mainly because of the special conservation problems associated with their insular distribution. The major topics include habitat requirements, effects of habitat and hunting management techniques currently practiced on wetland areas, and conservation of endangered and threatened populations. Research needs are identified. Habitats of the American Coot are similar to those of several waterfowl species, and the biology of coots is considered only as it is typical of rails in general.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Eddleman, W.R., Knopf, F., Manley, B., Reid, F.A., and Zembal, R., 1988, Conservation of North American rallids: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 100, no. 3, p. 458-475.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0d1e4b01f35f8fd695e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddleman, William R.","contributorId":40685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddleman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manley, Brooke","contributorId":21474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"Brooke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, Frederic A.","contributorId":33235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zembal, Richard","contributorId":38482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zembal","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199720,"text":"70199720 - 1988 - Trace element residues in bluegills and common carp from the lower San Joaquin River, California, and its tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T10:56:44","indexId":"70199720","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-01T10:56:24","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element residues in bluegills and common carp from the lower San Joaquin River, California, and its tributaries","docAbstract":"Whole-body samples of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the San Joaquin River and two tributaries (Merced River and Salt Slough) were analyzed to determine if the concentrations of any of nine elements were elevated as a result of exposure of the fish to agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage water. Highest concentrations (μg/g dry weight) detected were as follows (first number in each pair applies to bluegills and the second to carp): arsenic (As), 0.97 and 1.5; boron (B), 14 and 20; cadmium (Cd), 0.14 and 0.27; chromium (Cr), 2.7 and 2.2; mercury (hg), 3.3 and 2.9; molybdenum (Mo), 2.8 and 3.6; nickel (Ni), 0.87 and 2.2; lead (Pb), 0.26 and 2.3; and selenium (Se), 3.2 and 5.5. The lowest concentrations were below the levels of detection, except for Hg (0.15 in bluegills and 0.12 in carp) and Se (0.43 and 0.56). As judged by comparisons with data from the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program and other published surveys, the concentrations of B, Hg, Mo, and Se were moderately elevated in fish from several sites in the San Joaquin Valley. However, only the Se concentrations were positively correlated with water quality variables (e.g., total alkalinity, conductivity, and turbidity) known to be influenced by irrigation return flows. Historical data from one site (Salt Slough), where trace elements in whole fish have been measured since 1969, indicated that Se concentrations increased more than twofold between 1973 and 1977, but thereafter remained near 3.0 μg g−1 (dry weight basis), presumably due to the continuing practice of disposing seleniferous tile drainage water into the most convenient stream channel.
The hydraulic potentiomanometer described herein consists of a potentiometer connected to a manometer by a flexible tube. The device is used to directly measure the direction of seepage as well as the hydraulic-head difference between groundwater and surface water. The device works most effectively in sandy materials. For accurate measurements the device must be free of air leaks.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.1988.33.5.1209","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., LaBaugh, J.W., and Rosenberry, D.O., 1988, The design and use of a hydraulic potentiomanometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 33, no. 5, p. 1209-1214, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.5.1209.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1214","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.5.1209","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3379e4b0da30c1bfd903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014452,"text":"70014452 - 1988 - Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T16:17:28.744597","indexId":"70014452","displayToPublicDate":"1988-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese oxide crusts, which accumulate on unsedimented surfaces in the open ocean1–6, derive most of their metal content from dissolved and particulate matter in ambient bottom water7,8, in proportions modified by the variable scavenging efficiency of the oxide phase for susceptible ions9. They differ in this respect from abyssal nodules, much of whose metals are remobilized from host sediments. Here we present maps of cobalt concentration and inferred accumulation rate of ferromanganese crusts from the Pacific Ocean. We propose that depletion of cobalt in Pacific crusts measures the location and intensity of submarine hydrothermal discharge. Use of the 'cobalt chronometer', an algorithm inversely relating cobalt content and crust growth rate, permits mapping of the accumulation rate of ferromanganese crusts with only indirect recourse to radioactivity-based dating methods. These maps show that crusts in hydrothermal areas grow from two to more than four orders of magnitude faster than in the Central Pacific Ocean. Cobalt-enriched crusts are found where water masses are most isolated from continental-coastal and hydrothermal sources of metals, now and in the past. This relationship can resolve the problem of cobalt enrichment in crusts without recourse to hypotheses invoking special cobalt sources or enrichment mechanisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/335059a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., and Lane-Bostwick, C., 1988, Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea floor: Nature, v. 335, no. 6185, p. 59-62, https://doi.org/10.1038/335059a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"335","issue":"6185","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f796e4b0c8380cd4cbc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane-Bostwick, C.M.","contributorId":90748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane-Bostwick","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176809,"text":"70176809 - 1988 - Pleistocene Proboscideans and Michigan salt deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T14:44:20","indexId":"70176809","displayToPublicDate":"1988-08-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2815,"text":"National Geographic Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene Proboscideans and Michigan salt deposits","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Geographic Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Holman, A., Abraczinskas, L., and Westjohn, D., 1988, Pleistocene Proboscideans and Michigan salt deposits: National Geographic Research, v. 4, no. 1, p. 4-5.","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08be4b0bc0bec09c7e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holman, A.J.","contributorId":175194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abraczinskas, L.M.","contributorId":175195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abraczinskas","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westjohn, D.B.","contributorId":68411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westjohn","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199731,"text":"70199731 - 1988 - Effects of spatial orientation of multiple plate artificial substrates on invertebrate colonization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T13:03:33","indexId":"70199731","displayToPublicDate":"1988-08-01T13:02:45","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of spatial orientation of multiple plate artificial substrates on invertebrate colonization","docAbstract":"Jumbo multiple plate samplers were suspended in a river at 0.3 and 1 m depth in one of three orientations: interplate spaces closed to downwelling light and open to flow, open to light and flow, or open to light and closed to flow. Mean numbers of colonizing taxa and individuals were not significantly different among orientations after eight weeks of submergence. All variables tested decreased significantly with depth. Mean number of taxa, number of individuals (1 m only), and insect diversity decreased between samplings at four and eight weeks for samplers that were closed to light and open to flow. All orientations, depths, and durations had one‐half to two‐thirds of the total taxa. Colonization was affected by location in the river and position on sampler suspension equipment. The results indicate lack of orientation effects on colonization or high variability that obscured such effects. The sampler suspension equipment possibly increased among‐sampler variability by forming artificial snag habitats, and interplate light and flow conditions at different orientations may not have been sufficiently distinct to elicit different biological responses. Individual samplers provided diverse microhabitats regardless of orientation, but it would be prudent to include orientation among the variables considered in use of multiple plate samplers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00929.x","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., Ferreira, R.F., Averert, R., and Kennelly, S., 1988, Effects of spatial orientation of multiple plate artificial substrates on invertebrate colonization: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 24, no. 4, p. 781-789, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00929.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"789","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c113001e4b034bf6a824cf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, K. V.","contributorId":82386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira, R. F.","contributorId":80690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Averert, R.C.","contributorId":208201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Averert","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennelly, S.S.","contributorId":75697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennelly","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211195,"text":"70211195 - 1988 - Stochastic analysis of solute arrival time in heterogeneous porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T19:55:17.312836","indexId":"70211195","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-16T14:40:55","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic analysis of solute arrival time in heterogeneous porous media","docAbstract":"Longitudinal advective solute movement in heterogeneous porous media is investigated by considering the solute arrival time at a plane perpendicular to the mean fluid velocity. The moments of the solute arrival time are defined in terms of the stochastic properties of a statistically anisotropic hydraulic conductivity field. The flux‐averaged concentration is specified by introducing the moments of the arrival time into a probability density function for the arrival time. The quadratic dependence of the arrival time variance on position in the vicinity of an injection point is indicative of a nondiffusive process. For the assumed spatial correlation of the hydraulic conductivity, the variance of the arrival time asymptotically approaches a linear dependence on the position from the injection point similar to a diffusion process. The impact of assuming solute movement to be a diffusive process from the onset of the solute injection causes erroneous estimates of flux‐averaged concentrations at distances from the injection point that are of the order of the correlation length of the hydraulic conductivity. The arrival time analysis and the particle position analysis given in Dagan (1982, 1984) are complementary interpretations of advective solute movement that yield different definitions of the solute concentration; the position analysis intrinsically defines the resident or volume‐averaged concentration, while the flux‐averaged concentration is defined from the arrival time analysis. The temporal variation of the resident and flux‐averaged concentration are similar at a given position for small values of the variance of the hydraulic conductivity, or at distances from the solute injection point that are large relative to correlation length of the hydraulic conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/WR024i010p01711","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., and Cvetkovic, V., 1988, Stochastic analysis of solute arrival time in heterogeneous porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 40, p. 1711-1718, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i010p01711.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1711","endPage":"1718","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cvetkovic, V.D.","contributorId":52335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cvetkovic","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013384,"text":"1013384 - 1988 - Summer production of coho salmon stocked in Mount St. Helens streams 3-6 years after the 1980 eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-07T16:13:40.267998","indexId":"1013384","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer production of coho salmon stocked in Mount St. Helens streams 3-6 years after the 1980 eruption","docAbstract":"We monitored habitat use and summer production of stocked underyearling coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from 1983 to 1986 in three streams affected by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Two streams were in the blast area and one was on a volcanic mudflow terrace, Midsummer water temperatures frequently exceeded presumed stressful thresholds and occasionally surpassed the incipient lethal limit. Temperatures at the study sites (up to 29.5°C) may have been the highest ever recorded in small streams in western Washington. In addition, there was relatively little submerged cover and limited pool habitat. Despite the severe conditions created by the eruption, production rates of stocked coho salmon at all sites ranged from 15.1 to 143.8 mg/m2·d (2.3–21.6 g/m2 over an average 150‐d summer period) and were equal to or greater than those measured in other streams of comparable size in the region. Coho salmon production in the streams was more strongly influenced by population biomass and density than by average individual growth rate. Production was also influenced by timing and average weight at stocking; larger fish stocked later in the summer had higher survival than smaller fish stocked earlier. Apparent summer mortality (true mortality plus emigration) may have been influenced by the presence of other salmonids. Coho salmon density at the end of summer was consistently lowest in the mudflow stream, the only site to have a large population of steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, formerly Salmo gairdneri). We suspected that an abundance of both terrestrial and aquatic food was partly responsible for the high summer production of stocked coho salmon in what was an otherwise hostile environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0322:SPOCSS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bisson, P., Nielsen, J., and Ward, J., 1988, Summer production of coho salmon stocked in Mount St. Helens streams 3-6 years after the 1980 eruption: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 117, no. 4, p. 322-335, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0322:SPOCSS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.3695048526613,\n 46.32827537459718\n ],\n [\n -122.3695048526613,\n 46.07975816647601\n ],\n [\n -122.00137080284843,\n 46.07975816647601\n ],\n [\n -122.00137080284843,\n 46.32827537459718\n ],\n [\n -122.3695048526613,\n 46.32827537459718\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bisson, P.A.","contributorId":17944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, J.W.","contributorId":54930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007429,"text":"1007429 - 1988 - Status of dugongs in waters around Palau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T15:17:27.052644","indexId":"1007429","displayToPublicDate":"1988-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of dugongs in waters around Palau","docAbstract":"The dugong, Dugong dugon, is widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region in shallow tropical and subtropical waters (Nishiwaki and Marsh 1985).The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists the species as vulnerable (Thornback and Jenkins 1982), as it is severely depleted or extinct in many parts of its former range (Nishiwaki and Marsh 1985). Many populations at isolated archipelagos have been exterminated through direct human exploitation. Husar (1975) cited evidence of the former existence of dugongs around the Mascarene, Laccadive, Maldive, Barren, Narcondom, Cocos (Keeling), Christmas, and Lesser Sunda islands.
An isolated dugong population still occurs around Palau (Republic of Belau), Western Caroline Islands, about 850 km from both Papua New Guinea to the south and the Philippines to the west. The first aerial surveys of this population, in 1977 and 1978, indicated that it was small and other evidence suggested it was subject to persistent poaching (Brownell et al. 1981). We resurveyed this population in 1983 to reassess its status and attempt to detect any changes in distribution or abundance. With the assistance of the Palau Department of Natural Resources, we also interviewed fishermen and knowledgeable residents about dugong abundance, distribution, mortality, and natural history.
Surveys were conducted from 19 through 26 August, using a Cessna 206high-wing airplane flown at an altitude of 150 to 300 m and an airspeed of about 170 km/h. An observer sat in each rear seat, and a third observer, who also navigated and recorded the data directly onto maps, sat in the right front seat. Small animals close to another dugong were considered calves. The survey route, based on that of Brownell et al. (19Sl), covered much of the approximately 1,380 sq km of dugong habitat within the archipelago. The islands are surrounded by very deep water, which restricts dugong habitat to lagoon areas within about 3 km of shore. Surveys were flown about 0.5 km offshore and the same distance inside the fringing reefs, with transects about 1 km apart across the larger lagoons. The coast was divided into the same 12 segments used by Brownell et al. (1981) (Fig. 1). However, the area outside the western fringing reef was not surveyed because no dugongs were sighted there in either1977 or 1978. We surveyed the entire archipelago twice and carried out replicated surveys of the lagoon areas and Malakal Harbor, which had been used by relatively large numbers of dugongs in 1977 and 1978 (Table 1). The total survey time was 15 h.265Help Volumes Main Menu
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00206.x","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, G.B., Brownell, R.L., Ralls, K., and Engbring, J., 1988, Status of dugongs in waters around Palau: Marine Mammal Science, v. 4, no. 3, p. 265-270, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00206.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Palau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 133.35332416276947,\n 9.076820896257118\n ],\n [\n 133.35332416276947,\n 5.97862182054736\n ],\n [\n 136.64143081495126,\n 5.97862182054736\n ],\n [\n 136.64143081495126,\n 9.076820896257118\n ],\n [\n 133.35332416276947,\n 9.076820896257118\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df60a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, Galen B.","contributorId":17571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"Galen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownell, Robert L. Jr.","contributorId":62948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralls, Katherine","contributorId":37900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralls","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":315329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engbring, John","contributorId":6324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engbring","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013302,"text":"70013302 - 1988 - A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T16:25:20.210733","indexId":"70013302","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa","docAbstract":"The earliest tetrapods known are from two or three Upper Devonian1–3 and some 20 Lower Carboniferous localities in Scotland4 and North America5–8. Most sites yield few and fragmentary specimens; well-preserved and even partially articulated material is exceedingly rare. This report discusses a middle Lower Carboniferous site rich in amphibian and fish remains discovered near Delta, south-east Iowa, and represents the first Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality found in mid-continental North America. The bones occur within collapse-structures or depressions, and appear to represent a fresh- or brackish-water pond fauna. The Delta site contains the oldest well-preserved tetrapod fauna in North America, and one of the oldest in the world. Several hundred tetrapod fossils have been collected to date, with excavation somewhat more than half completed. Specimens range from isolated bones to articulated, nearly complete skeletons of at least two apparently new amphibian species. This material will make an important contribution to knowledge of the mor-phology and interrelationships of early tetrapods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/333768a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Bolt, J., McKay, R., Witzke, B., and McAdams, M., 1988, A new Lower Carboniferous tetrapod locality in Iowa: Nature, v. 333, no. 6175, p. 768-770, https://doi.org/10.1038/333768a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"770","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.69321098034271,\n 43.54256954893344\n ],\n [\n -96.72858624817624,\n 42.73699803843523\n ],\n [\n -96.1161908673356,\n 41.780553985192824\n ],\n [\n -95.90624885835399,\n 40.48760168558948\n ],\n [\n -91.92848582950946,\n 40.58236406842123\n ],\n [\n -91.4363674865877,\n 40.29164457407646\n ],\n [\n -90.90527191776219,\n 40.891384940468015\n ],\n [\n -90.09462276356368,\n 41.90527987432017\n ],\n [\n -90.63381627372756,\n 42.729413795212736\n ],\n [\n -91.24190728304254,\n 43.53316060224191\n ],\n [\n -96.69321098034271,\n 43.54256954893344\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"333","issue":"6175","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e499e4b0c8380cd46758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolt, J.R.","contributorId":57205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolt","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, R.M.","contributorId":91238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAdams, M.P.","contributorId":81633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAdams","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70122169,"text":"70122169 - 1988 - Problems with surface water models from a user's perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-26T11:15:51","indexId":"70122169","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-19T11:14:26","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Problems with surface water models from a user's perspective","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the international symposium on water quality modeling of agricultural non-point sources","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Water Quality Modeling of Agricultural Non-Point Sources","conferenceDate":"1988-06-19T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Logan, Utah","language":"English","publisher":"Agricultural Research Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Thornton, K., Stalnaker, C., and Baun, K., 1988, Problems with surface water models from a user's perspective.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fd9f61e4b0adaeea6c4e64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornton, K.","contributorId":85895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stalnaker, Clair B.","contributorId":30871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalnaker","given":"Clair B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baun, K.","contributorId":92183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baun","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220765,"text":"5220765 - 1988 - Empirical estimates of body drag of large waterfowl and raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:34:22.244769","indexId":"5220765","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical estimates of body drag of large waterfowl and raptors","docAbstract":"Measurements of the body frontal area of some large living waterfowl (Anatidae) and raptors (Falconiformes) were found to vary with the two-thirds power of the body mass, with no distinction between the two groups. Wind tunnel measurements on frozen bodies gave drag coefficients ranging from 0·25 to 0·39, in the Reynolds number range 145 000 to 462000. Combining these observations with those of Prior (1984), which extended to lower Reynolds numbers, a practical rule is proposed for choosing a value of the body drag coefficient for use in performance estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.135.1.253","usgsCitation":"Pennycuick, C., Obrecht, H., and Fuller, M., 1988, Empirical estimates of body drag of large waterfowl and raptors: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 135, p. 253-264, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.135.1.253.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennycuick, C.J.","contributorId":59133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennycuick","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obrecht, H.H. III","contributorId":18868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrecht","given":"H.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70217596,"text":"70217596 - 1988 - Comment on ''Hydroseismicity-A hypothesis for the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity''","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T15:13:05.15442","indexId":"70217596","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-01T09:10:02","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on ''Hydroseismicity-A hypothesis for the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity''","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0562:CAROHA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Iverson, R.M., Costain, J.K., Bollinger, G.A., and Speer, J.A., 1988, Comment on ''Hydroseismicity-A hypothesis for the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity'': Geology, v. 16, no. 6, p. 562-564, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0562:CAROHA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"562","endPage":"564","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costain, John K.","contributorId":70080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costain","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bollinger, G. A.","contributorId":55809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Speer, J. Alexander","contributorId":248287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Speer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185529,"text":"70185529 - 1988 - The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:09:26","indexId":"70185529","displayToPublicDate":"1988-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25°C","docAbstract":"The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25° and standard pressure was investigated by the batch dissolution method. The bulk dissolution rate of quartz in 20 mmole/Kg citrate solutions at pH 7 was 8 to 10 times faster than that in pure water. After 1750 hours the concentration of dissolved silica in the citrate solution was 167 μmole/Kg compared to 50 μmole/Kg in water and a 20 mmole/Kg solution of acetate at pH 7. Solutions of salicylic, oxalic, and humic acids also accelerated the dissolution of quartz in aqueous solution at pH 7. The rate of dissolution in organic acids decreased sharply with decreasing pH.
The possibility of a silica-organic acid complex was investigated using UV-difference spectroscopy. Results suggest that dissolved silica is complexed by citrate, oxalate and pyruvate at pH 7 by an electron-donor acceptor complex, whereas no complexation occurs between silica and acetate, lactate, malonate, or succinate. Three models are proposed for the solution and surface complexation of silica by organic acid anions which result in the accelerated dissolution and increased solubility of quartz in organic rich water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90222-0","usgsCitation":"Bennett, P., Melcer, M., Siegel, D.I., and Hassett, J., 1988, The dissolution of quartz in dilute aqueous solutions of organic acids at 25°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 6, p. 1521-1530, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90222-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1530","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90222-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df09e4b05ec79911d1cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, P.C.","contributorId":24357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melcer, M.E.","contributorId":57270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcer","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siegel, D. I.","contributorId":77562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hassett, J.P.","contributorId":189734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassett","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}