Shifts in moss communities may affect the resilience of boreal ecosystems to a changing climate because of the role of moss species in regulating soil climate and biogeochemical cycling. Here, we use long-term data analysis and literature synthesis to examine the role of moss in ecosystem succession, productivity, and decomposition. In Alaskan forests, moss abundance showed a unimodal distribution with time since fire, peaking 30–70 years post-fire. We found no evidence of mosses compensating for low vascular productivity in low-fertility sites at large scales, although a trade-off between moss and vascular productivity was evident in intermediate-productivity sites. Mosses contributed 48% and 20% of wetland and upland productivity, respectively, but produced tissue that decomposed more slowly than both nonwoody and woody vascular tissues. Increasing fire frequency in Alaska is likely to favor feather moss proliferation and decrease Sphagnum abundance, which will reduce soil moisture retention and decrease peat accumulation, likely leading to deeper burning during wildfire and accelerated permafrost thaw. The roles of moss traits in regulating key aspects of boreal performance (ecosystem N supply, C sequestration, permafrost stability, and fire severity) represent critical areas for understanding the resilience of Alaska’s boreal forest region under changing climate and disturbance regimes.
In the 1970s, Viking and Mariner observed areas in the polar regions of Mars with winter brightness temperatures below the expected kinetic temperatures for CO2 ice sublimation. These areas have since been termed “cold spots” and have been identified as surface deposits of CO2 atmospheric condensates and, occasionally, active CO2 storms. Three Mars years of data from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer were used to observe autumn and winter cold spot activity. In this study, cold spots that occur near and on the southern perennial cap were compared to those found near or on the northern perennial cap. On the southern perennial cap, cold spots associated with topographic features (induced by orographic lifting) were less common than cold spots independent of topography, similar to the north. However, the cold spots in the south lasted longer than those observed in the north. There is also evidence that cold spot formation in the south was affected by the global dust storm of 2001, even though the dust storm occurred during the southern spring and summer seasons. Prior to the dust storm, the amount of overall cold spot activity closer to the perennial cap increased and the average CO2 grain size for most of the cold spots increased as well. Following the dust storm, the majority of cold spots in the south increased in size and duration but they did not form north of 62°S latitude, whereas, in other years, cold spots formed as far north as 48°S.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2009JE003514","usgsCitation":"Cornwall, C., and Titus, T.N., 2010, A comparison of Martian north and south polar cold spots and the long‐term effects of the 2001 global dust storm: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 115, no. E6, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003514.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009je003514","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"115","issue":"E6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornwall, C.","contributorId":43592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199985,"text":"70199985 - 2010 - Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T08:44:34","indexId":"70199985","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T08:43:58","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions","docAbstract":"The relative impact of a large upstream dam versus in‐reach groundwater pumping on stream temperatures was analyzed for humid, semiarid, and arid conditions with long dry seasons to represent typical climate regions where large dams are present, such as the western United States or eastern Australia. Stream temperatures were simulated using the CE‐QUAL‐W2 water quality model over a 110 km model grid, with the presence or absence of a dam at the top of the reach and pumping in the lower 60 km of the reach. Measured meteorological data from three representative locations were used as model input to simulate the impact of varying climate conditions on streamflow and stream temperature. For each climate condition four hypothetical streamflow scenarios were modeled: (1) natural (no dam or pumping), (2) large upstream dam present, (3) dam with in‐reach pumping, and (4) no dam with pumping, resulting in 12 cases. Dam removal, in the presence or absence of pumping, resulted in significant changes in stream temperature throughout the year for all three climate conditions. From March to August, the presence of a dam caused monthly mean stream temperatures to decrease on average by approximately 3.0°C, 2.5°C, and 2.0°C for the humid, semiarid, and arid conditions, respectively; however, stream temperatures generally increased from September to February. Pumping caused stream temperatures to warm in summer and cool in winter by generally less than 0.5°C because of a smaller pumping‐induced alteration in streamflow relative to the dam. Though the presence or absence of a large dam led to greater changes in stream temperature than the presence or absence of pumping, ephemeral conditions were increased both temporally and spatially because of pumping.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008587","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Constantz, J., Essaid, H.I., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 6, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008587.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008587","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6d3e4b034bf6a7f4918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98470,"text":"ofr20101132 - 2010 - Estimated minimum discharge rates of the Deepwater Horizon spill— Interim report to the flow rate technical group from the Mass Balance Team","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-02T20:05:52.539931","indexId":"ofr20101132","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1132","title":"Estimated minimum discharge rates of the Deepwater Horizon spill— Interim report to the flow rate technical group from the Mass Balance Team","docAbstract":"All of the calculations and results in this report are preliminary and intended for the purpose, and only for the purpose, of aiding the incident team in assessing the extent of the spilled oil for ongoing response efforts. Other applications of this report are not authorized and are not considered valid. Because of time constraints and limitations of data available to the experts, many of their estimates are approximate, are subject to revision, and certainly should not be used as the Federal Government's final values for assessing volume of the spill or its impact to the environment or to coastal communities. Each expert that contributed to this report reserves the right to alter his conclusions based upon further analysis or additional information. \r\n\r\nAn estimated minimum total oil discharge was determined by calculations of oil volumes measured as of May 17, 2010. This included oil on the ocean surface measured with satellite and airborne images and with spectroscopic data (129,000 barrels to 246,000 barrels using less and more aggressive assumptions, respectively), oil skimmed off the surface (23,500 barrels from U.S. Coast Guard [USCG] estimates), oil burned off the surface (11,500 barrels from USCG estimates), dispersed subsea oil (67,000 to 114,000 barrels), and oil evaporated or dissolved (109,000 to 185,000 barrels). Sedimentation (oil captured from Mississippi River silt and deposited on the ocean bottom), biodegradation, and other processes may indicate significant oil volumes beyond our analyses, as will any subsurface volumes such as suspended tar balls or other emulsions that are not included in our estimates. The lower bounds of total measured volumes are estimated to be within the range of 340,000 to 580,000 barrels as of May 17, 2010, for an estimated average minimum discharge rate of 12,500 to 21,500 barrels per day for 27 days from April 20 to May 17, 2010.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101132","usgsCitation":"Labson, V.F., Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K., Powers, M.H., Plumlee, G.S., and Meeker, G.P., 2010, Estimated minimum discharge rates of the Deepwater Horizon spill— Interim report to the flow rate technical group from the Mass Balance Team: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1132, iv, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101132.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-05-17","temporalEnd":"2010-05-17","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1132.jpg"},{"id":388811,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93301.htm"},{"id":13754,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -87.484130859375,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -87.484130859375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 27.955591004642553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labson, Victor F. 0000-0003-1905-1820 vlabson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-1820","contributorId":326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"Victor","email":"vlabson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":26338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":98473,"text":"sir20095272 - 2010 - Indicators of streamflow alteration, habitat fragmentation, impervious cover, and water quality for Massachusetts stream basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:29:19","indexId":"sir20095272","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5272","title":"Indicators of streamflow alteration, habitat fragmentation, impervious cover, and water quality for Massachusetts stream basins","docAbstract":"Massachusetts streams and stream basins have been subjected to a wide variety of human alterations since colonial times. These alterations include water withdrawals, treated wastewater discharges, construction of onsite septic systems and dams, forest clearing, and urbanization—all of which have the potential to affect streamflow regimes, water quality, and habitat integrity for fish and other aquatic biota. Indicators were developed to characterize these types of potential alteration for subbasins and groundwater contributing areas in Massachusetts.\n\nThe potential alteration of streamflow by the combined effects of withdrawals and discharges was assessed under two water-use scenarios. Water-use scenario 1 incorporated publicly reported groundwater withdrawals and discharges, direct withdrawals from and discharges to streams, and estimated domestic-well withdrawals and septic-system discharges. Surface-water-reservoir withdrawals were excluded from this scenario. Water-use scenario 2 incorporated all the types of withdrawal and discharge included in scenario 1 as well as withdrawals from surface-water reservoirs—all on a long-term, mean annual basis. All withdrawal and discharge data were previously reported to the State for the 2000–2004 period, except domestic-well withdrawals and septic-system discharges, which were estimated for this study.\n\nThe majority of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were estimated to have relatively minor (less than 10 percent) alteration of streamflow under water-use scenario 1 (seasonally varying water use; no surface-water-reservoir withdrawals). However, about 12 percent of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were estimated to have extensive alteration of streamflows (greater than 40 percent) in August; most of these basins were concentrated in the outer metropolitan Boston region. Potential surcharging of streamflow in August was most commonly indicated for main-stem river subbasins, although surcharging was also indicated for some smaller tributary subbasins. In the high-flow month of April, only 4.8 percent of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas had more than 10 percent potential flow alteration. A majority of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were also indicated to have relatively minor alteration of streamflow under water-use scenario 2 (long-term average water use, including surface-water-reservoir withdrawals). Extensive alteration of mean annual flows was estimated for about 6 percent of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas. The majority of subbasins estimated to have extensive long-term flow alteration contained reservoirs that were specifically designed, constructed, and managed to supply drinking water to cities. Only a small number of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas (1 percent) were extensively surcharged on a long-term, mean annual basis. Because site-specific data concerning surface-water-reservoir storage dynamics and management practices are not available statewide, the seasonal effects of surface-water-reservoir withdrawals on downstream flows could not be assessed in this study.\n\nThe impounded storage ratio (volume of impounded subbasin or groundwater-contributing-area storage divided by mean annual predevelopment outflow from the subbasin or contributing area, in units of days) indicates the potential for alteration of streamflow, sediment-transport, and temperature regimes by dams, independent of water use. Storage ratios were less than 1 day for 33 percent of the subbasins and groundwater contributing areas, greater than 1 month for about 40 percent of the cases, and greater than 1 year for 3.2 percent of the cases statewide. Dam density, an indicator of stream-habitat fragmentation by dams, averaged 1 dam for every 6.7 stream miles statewide. Many of these dams are not presently (2009) being managed. The highest dam densities were in portions of Worcester County and in the Plymouth-Carver region, respectively, reflecting the historical reliance of Massachusetts industry upon water power and agricultural water-management practices in southeastern Massachusetts.\n\nImpervious cover is a frequently used indicator of urban land use. About 33 percent of the state’s 1,429 subbasins and groundwater contributing areas are relatively undeveloped at the local scale, with a local impervious cover of less than 4 percent. About 18 percent of Massachusetts subbasins and contributing areas are highly developed, with a local impervious cover greater than 16 percent. The remaining 49 percent of subbasins and contributing areas have levels of urban development between these extremes (4 to 16 percent local impervious cover). Cumulative impervious cover, defined for the entire upstream area encompassed by each subbasin, shows a smaller range (0 to 55 percent) than local impervious cover. Both local and cumulative impervious cover were highest in metropolitan Boston and other urban centers. High elevated impervious-cover values were also found along major transportation corridors.\n\nThe water-quality status of Massachusetts streams is assessed periodically by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection pursuant to the requirements of the Federal Clean Water Act. Streams selected for assessment are commonly located in larger subbasins where some degree of impairment is expected. In the 72 percent of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas with assessed streams in 2002, more than 50 percent of the assessed stream miles were considered impaired. All of the assessed stream miles were considered impaired in 66 percent of the subbasins and groundwater contributing areas with assessed streams. Large streams, such as the main stems of rivers that make up most of the assessed stream miles, also are in many cases the receiving waters for treated wastewater discharges and for this reason may be more susceptible to water-quality impairments than smaller streams. Subbasins and contributing areas with large fractions of assessed stream miles that are listed as impaired are distributed across the state, but are more prevalent in eastern Massachusetts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095272","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with theMassachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation","usgsCitation":"Weiskel, P.K., Brandt, S.L., DeSimone, L., Ostiguy, L., and Archfield, S.A., 2010, Indicators of streamflow alteration, habitat fragmentation, impervious cover, and water quality for Massachusetts stream basins (Originally posted June 2010; Revised September 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5272, Pamphlet: x, 70 p.; CD-ROM; 2 Appendixes; GIS Map, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095272.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: x, 70 p.; CD-ROM; 2 Appendixes; GIS Map","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5272.jpg"},{"id":14594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":269713,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5272/pdf/sir2009-5272_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.51,41.24 ], [ -73.51,42.89 ], [ -69.93,42.89 ], [ -69.93,41.24 ], [ -73.51,41.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted June 2010; Revised September 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Sara L.","contributorId":89240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ostiguy, Lance J. lostiguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostiguy","given":"Lance J.","email":"lostiguy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98472,"text":"sir20105035 - 2010 - Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T23:03:24.738826","indexId":"sir20105035","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5035","displayTitle":"Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kaua`i, O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui, and Hawai`i, State of Hawai`i","title":"Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii","docAbstract":"This study provides an updated analysis of the magnitude and frequency of peak stream discharges in Hawai`i. Annual peak-discharge data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during and before water year 2008 (ending September 30, 2008) at stream-gaging stations were analyzed. The existing generalized-skew value for the State of Hawai`i was retained, although three methods were used to evaluate whether an update was needed. \r\n\r\nRegional regression equations were developed for peak discharges with 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence intervals for unregulated streams (those for which peak discharges are not affected to a large extent by upstream reservoirs, dams, diversions, or other structures) in areas with less than 20 percent combined medium- and high-intensity development on Kaua`i, O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui, and Hawai`i. The generalized-least-squares (GLS) regression equations relate peak stream discharge to quantified basin characteristics (for example, drainage-basin area and mean annual rainfall) that were determined using geographic information system (GIS) methods. \r\n\r\nEach of the islands of Kaua`i,O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui, and Hawai`i was divided into two regions, generally corresponding to a wet region and a dry region. Unique peak-discharge regression equations were developed for each region. The regression equations developed for this study have standard errors of prediction ranging from 16 to 620 percent. Standard errors of prediction are greatest for regression equations developed for leeward Moloka`i and southern Hawai`i. In general, estimated 100-year peak discharges from this study are lower than those from previous studies, which may reflect the longer periods of record used in this study. Each regression equation is valid within the range of values of the explanatory variables used to develop the equation. The regression equations were developed using peak-discharge data from streams that are mainly unregulated, and they should not be used to estimate peak discharges in regulated streams. Use of a regression equation beyond its limits will produce peak-discharge estimates with unknown error and should therefore be avoided. Improved estimates of the magnitude and frequency of peak discharges in Hawai`i will require continued operation of existing stream-gaging stations and operation of additional gaging stations for areas such as Moloka`i and Hawai`i, where limited stream-gaging data are available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawai`i Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., Rosa, S.N., and Yeung, C.W., 2010, Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5035, v, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105035.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422860,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Island Sound are of great interest to the Connecticut and New York research and resource management communities because of their ecological, recreational, and commercial importance. Although advances in multibeam echosounder technology permit the construction of high-resolution representations of sea-floor topography in deeper waters, limitations inherent in collecting fixed-angle multibeam data make using this technology in shallower waters (less than 10 meters deep) difficult and expensive. These limitations have often resulted in data gaps between areas for which multibeam bathymetric datasets are available and the adjacent shoreline. \r\n\r\nTo address this problem, the geospatial data sets released in this report seamlessly integrate complete-coverage multibeam bathymetric data acquired off New London and Niantic Bay, Connecticut, with hydrographic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data acquired along the nearshore. The result is a more continuous sea floor representation and a much smaller gap between the digital bathymetric data and the shoreline than previously available. These data sets are provided online and on CD-ROM in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) raster-grid and GeoTIFF formats in order to facilitate access, compatibility, and utility.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091231","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Danforth, W.W., McMullen, K., Parker, C.E., Lewit, P., and Doran, E.F., 2010, Integrated Multibeam and LIDAR Bathymetry Data Offshore of New London and Niantic, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1231, , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091231.","productDescription":" ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1231.jpg"},{"id":13753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":28684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":305423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewit, P.G.","contributorId":76028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewit","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98471,"text":"ofr20101116 - 2010 - Geological Impacts and Sedimentary Record of the February 27, 2010, Chile Tsunami-La Trinchera to Concepcion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"ofr20101116","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1116","title":"Geological Impacts and Sedimentary Record of the February 27, 2010, Chile Tsunami-La Trinchera to Concepcion","docAbstract":"The February 27, 2010, Chilean tsunami substantially altered the coastal landscape and left a permanent depositional record that may be preserved at many locales along the central coast of Chile. From April 24 to May 2, 2010, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Chilean scientists examined the geological impacts of the tsunami at five sites along a 200-km segment of coast centered on the earthquake epicenter. Significant observations include: (1) substantial tsunami-induced erosion and deposition (+/- 1 m) on the coastal plain; (2) erosion from return flow, inundation scour around the bases of trees, and widespread planation of the land surface; (3) tsunami sand deposits at all sites that extended to near the limit of inundation except at one site; (4) evidence of multiple strong onshore waves that arrived at different times and from different directions; (5) vegetation height and density controlled the thickness of tsunami deposits at one site, (6) the abundance of layers of plane-parallel stratification in some deposits and the presence of large bedforms at one site indicated at least some of the sediment was transported as bed load and not as suspended load; (7) shoreward transport of mud boulders and rock cobbles where they were available; and (8) the maximum tsunami inundation distance (2.35 km) was up an alluvial valley. \r\n\r\nMost of the tsunami deposits were less than 25 cm thick, which is consistent with tsunami-deposit thicknesses found elsewhere (for example, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Sumatra, Sri Lanka). Exceptions were the thick tsunami deposits near the mouths of Rio Huenchullami (La Trinchera) and Rio Maule (Constitucion), where the sediment supply was abundant. The substantial vertical erosion of the coastal plain at Constitucion \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101116","collaboration":"United States and Chile International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST)","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Buckley, M.L., Gelfenbaum, G., Richmond, B.M., Cecioni, A., Artal, O., Hoffmann, C., and Perez, F., 2010, Geological Impacts and Sedimentary Record of the February 27, 2010, Chile Tsunami-La Trinchera to Concepcion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1116, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101116.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-04-24","temporalEnd":"2010-05-02","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1116.jpg"},{"id":13755,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,37 ], [ -74,35 ], [ -72,35 ], [ -72,37 ], [ -74,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, Mark L.","contributorId":41385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cecioni, Adriano","contributorId":106215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecioni","given":"Adriano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Artal, Osvaldo","contributorId":92367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artal","given":"Osvaldo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoffmann, Constanza","contributorId":63897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Constanza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perez, Felipe","contributorId":27564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"Felipe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":98468,"text":"sir20105019 - 2010 - Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"sir20105019","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5019","title":"Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado","docAbstract":"Land use in the South Platte River valley between the cities of Brighton and Fort Lupton, Colo., is undergoing change as urban areas expand, and the extent of aggregate mining in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area is increasing as the demand for aggregate grows in response to urban development. To improve understanding of land-use change and the potential effects of land-use change and aggregate mining on groundwater flow, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the cities of Brighton and Fort Lupton, analyzed socioeconomic and land-use trends and constructed a numerical groundwater flow model of the South Platte alluvial aquifer in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area. The numerical groundwater flow model was used to simulate (1) steady-state hydrologic effects of predicted land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040, (2) transient cumulative hydrologic effects of the potential extent of reclaimed aggregate pits in 2020 and 2040, (3) transient hydrologic effects of actively dewatered aggregate pits, and (4) effects of different hypothetical pit spacings and configurations on groundwater levels. The SLEUTH (Slope, Land cover, Exclusion, Urbanization, Transportation, and Hillshade) urban-growth modeling program was used to predict the extent of urban area in 2020 and 2040. Wetlands in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area were mapped as part of the study, and mapped wetland locations and areas of riparian herbaceous vegetation previously mapped by the Colorado Division of Wildlife were compared to simulation results to indicate areas where wetlands or riparian herbaceous vegetation might be affected by groundwater-level changes resulting from land-use change or aggregate mining. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of land-use conditions in 1957, 1977, and 2000 indicated that the general distribution of irrigated land and non-irrigated land remained similar from 1957 to 2000, but both land uses decreased as urban area increased. Urban area increased about 165 percent from 1957 to 1977 and about 56 percent from 1977 to 2000 with most urban growth occurring east of Brighton and Fort Lupton and along major transportation corridors. Land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 predicted by the SLEUTH modeling program indicated urban growth will continue to develop primarily east of Brighton and Fort Lupton and along major transportation routes, but substantial urban growth also is predicted south and west of Brighton. \r\n\r\nSteady-state simulations of the hydrologic effects of predicted land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 indicated groundwater levels declined less than 2 feet relative to simulated groundwater levels in 2000. Groundwater levels declined most where irrigated land was converted to urban area and least where non-irrigated land was converted to urban area. Simulated groundwater-level declines resulting from land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 are not predicted to substantially affect wetlands or riparian herbaceous vegetation in the study area because the declines are small and wetlands and riparian herbaceous vegetation generally are not located where simulated declines occur. \r\n\r\nSee Report PDF for unabridged abstract. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Fort Lupton and the City of Brighton","usgsCitation":"Arnold, L.R., Mladinich, C., Langer, W.H., and Daniels, J., 2010, Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5019, viii, 117 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105019.","productDescription":"viii, 117 p. ","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5019.jpg"},{"id":13773,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.88333333333334,39.95 ], [ -104.88333333333334,40.11666666666667 ], [ -104.7,40.11666666666667 ], [ -104.7,39.95 ], [ -104.88333333333334,39.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, L. R.","contributorId":92738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mladinich, C.S.","contributorId":61095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladinich","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniels, J.S.","contributorId":88832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230188,"text":"70230188 - 2010 - Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T14:28:11.815072","indexId":"70230188","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T09:17:31","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates","docAbstract":"In view of the current lack of reliable partition coefficients for organic compounds with carbohydrates (Kch), carefully measured values with cellulose and starch, the two major forms of carbohydrates, are provided for a wide range of compounds: short-chain chlorinated hydrocarbons, halogenated benzenes, alkyl benzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides. To ensure the accuracy of the Kch data, solute concentrations in both water and carbohydrate phases are measured by direct solvent extraction of the samples. For a given compound, the observed partition coefficient with cellulose (Kcl) is virtually the same as that with starch (Kst). This finding expedites the evaluation of organic contamination with different forms of carbohydrates. The presently determined Kch values of 13 PAHs are substantially lower (by 3−66 times) than the literature data; the latter are suspect as they were obtained with (i) presumably impure carbohydrate samples or (ii) indirectly measured equilibrium solute concentrations in carbohydrate and water phases. Although the Kch values are generally considerably lower than the respective Kow (octanol−water) or Klipid (lipid−water), accurate Kch data are duly required to accurately estimate the contamination of carbohydrates by organic compounds because of the abundance of carbohydrates over lipids in crops and plants. To overcome the current lack of reliable Kch data for organic compounds, a close correlation of log Kch with log Kow has been established for predicting the unavailable Kch data for low-polarity compounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es1004413","usgsCitation":"Hung, H., Lin, T., and Chiou, C.T., 2010, Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 14, p. 5430-5436, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1004413.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5430","endPage":"5436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hung, Hsu-Wen","contributorId":289600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"Hsu-Wen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Tsair-Fuh","contributorId":289601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Tsair-Fuh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, Cary T. 0000-0002-8743-0702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-0702","contributorId":189558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98466,"text":"fs20103043 - 2010 - Assessment of undiscovered natural gas resources of the Arkoma Basin province and geologically related areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T11:28:07","indexId":"fs20103043","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3043","title":"Assessment of undiscovered natural gas resources of the Arkoma Basin province and geologically related areas","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean volumes of 38 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of undiscovered natural gas, 159 million barrels of natural gas liquid (MMBNGL), and no oil in accumulations of 0.5 million barrels (MMBO) or larger in the Arkoma Basin Province and related areas. More than 97 percent of the undiscovered gas occurs in continuous accumulations-70 percent in shale gas formations, 18 percent in a basin-centered accumulation with tight sandstone reservoirs, and 9 percent in coal beds. Less than 3 percent of the natural gas occurs in conventional accumulations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103043","collaboration":"National Oil and Gas Assessment Project","usgsCitation":"Houseknecht, D.W., Coleman, J.L., Milici, R.C., Garrity, C.P., Rouse, W.A., Fulk, B.R., Paxton, S.T., Abbott, M.M., Mars, J.L., Cook, T.A., Schenk, C.J., Charpentier, R., Klett, T., Pollastro, R.M., and Ellis, G.S., 2010, Assessment of undiscovered natural gas resources of the Arkoma Basin province and geologically related areas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3043, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103043.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3043.jpg"},{"id":13751,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67290d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, James L. Jr. 0000-0002-5232-5849 jlcoleman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-5849","contributorId":549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milici, Robert C. rmilici@usgs.gov","contributorId":563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"Robert","email":"rmilici@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rouse, William A. 0000-0002-0790-370X wrouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-370X","contributorId":4172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouse","given":"William","email":"wrouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science 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M.","contributorId":89106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mars, John L. jmars@usgs.gov","contributorId":3428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"John","email":"jmars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 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tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pollastro, Richard M.","contributorId":25100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":98465,"text":"ds504 - 2010 - Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T21:06:01.109593","indexId":"ds504","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"504","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 766-square-mile South Coast Range–Coastal (SCRC) study unit was investigated from May to December 2008, as part of the Priority Basins Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basins Project was developed in response to legislative mandates (Supplemental Report of the 1999 Budget Act 1999-00 Fiscal Year; and, the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 [Sections 10780-10782.3 of the California Water Code, Assembly Bill 599]) to assess and monitor the quality of groundwater in California, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The SCRC study unit was the 25th study unit to be sampled as part of the GAMA Priority Basins Project.
The SCRC study unit was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated groundwater quality in the primary aquifer systems and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as primary aquifers) were defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the SCRC study unit. The quality of groundwater in shallow or deep water-bearing zones may differ from the quality of groundwater in the primary aquifers; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. In the SCRC study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 70 wells in two study areas (Basins and Uplands) in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties. Fifty-five of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and 15 wells were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells). In addition to the 70 wells sampled, 3 surface-water samples were collected in streams near 2 of the sampled wells in order to better comprehend the interaction between groundwater and surface water in the area.
The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, polar pesticides and metabolites, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-TCP), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], major and minor ions, silica, total dissolved solids [TDS], and alkalinity), and radioactive constituents (gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity). Naturally occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water, stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate, stable isotopes of sulfur in dissolved sulfate, stable isotopes of carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon, activities of tritium, and carbon-14 abundance), and dissolved gases (including noble gases) also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, 298 constituents and field water-quality indicators were investigated. Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix-spikes) were collected at approximately 3 to 12 percent of the wells in the SCRC study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples generally were less than 10 percent relative and/or standard deviation, indicating acceptable analytical reproducibility. Matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 84 percent of the compounds.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, untreated groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, and/or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH, and to non-regulatory thresholds established for aesthetic concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and thresholds for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or noncompliance with those thresholds. Most organic and inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 55 grid wells in the SCRC study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water thresholds. In addition, all detections of organic constituents in SCRC grid well samples were less than health-based thresholds. In total, VOCs were detected in 33 percent of the 55 grid wells sampled and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 27 percent of grid wells sampled in the SCRC study unit. In the Basins study area, VOCs and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in approximately 33 percent of the 39 grid wells. In the Uplands study area, VOCs were detected in approximately 31 percent and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in approximately 13 percent of the 16 grid wells. Trace elements and minor ions were sampled for at 32 grid wells and nutrients at 33 grid wells in the SCRC study unit, and most detections were less than health-based thresholds. Exceptions in the Basins study area include one detection of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 µg/L and three detections of nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (NO2-+NO3-) greater than the MCL-US of 10 mg/L. Exceptions in the Uplands study area include two detections of arsenic greater than the MCL-US and eight detections of molybdenum greater than the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) of 40 µg/L. All detections of major and minor ions and gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity from the SCRC grid wells were less than health-based thresholds.
Results for trace elements, major ions, and TDS with non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns from 16 Basins study area grid wells showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 µg/L were detected in grid wells. Manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA of 50 µg/L were detected in six grid wells.
Chloride concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L were detected in one grid well. Sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L were measured in 12 grid wells and 3 of these wells also were greater than the upper SMCL-CA threshold of 500 mg/L. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended threshold of 500 mg/L were measured in 14 of the 16 Basins study area grid wells and concentrations in 5 of these wells also were greater than the SMCL-CA upper threshold of 1,000 mg/L.
In the Uplands study area, iron concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA were detected in 2 of 16 grid wells and manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA were detected in 3 grid wells. TDS and sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA thresholds were detected in 11 and 2 grid wells, respectively, but none of these concentrations were greater than the SMCL-CA upper thresholds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds504","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., Burton, C., Land, M., and Belitz, K., 2010, Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 504, x, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds504.","productDescription":"x, 106 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_504.jpg"},{"id":404083,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93305.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13750,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/504/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Coast Range-Coastal study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.9056,\n 35.350\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 35.350\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 34.5417\n ],\n [\n -120.9056,\n 34.5417\n ],\n [\n -120.9056,\n 35.350\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98467,"text":"ofr20101070 - 2010 - Preliminary Aeromagnetic Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"ofr20101070","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1070","title":"Preliminary Aeromagnetic Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","docAbstract":"This aeromagnetic map of Joshua Tree National Park and vicinity is intended to promote further understanding of the geology and structure in the region by serving as a basis for geophysical interpretations and by supporting geological mapping, water-resource investigations, and various topical studies. Local spatial variations in the Earth's magnetic field (evident as anomalies on aeromagnetic maps) reflect the distribution of magnetic minerals, primarily magnetite, in the underlying rocks. In many cases the volume content of magnetic minerals can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in the amount of magnetic minerals commonly mark lithologic or structural boundaries. Bodies of mafic and ultramafic rocks tend to produce the most intense magnetic anomalies, but such generalizations must be applied with caution because rocks with more felsic compositions, or even some sedimentary units, also can cause measurable magnetic anomalies.\r\n\r\nThe database includes two ASCII files containing new aeromagnetic data and two ASCII files with point locations of the local maximum horizontal gradient derived from the aeromagnetic data. This metadata file describes the horizontal gradient locations derived from new and existing aeromagnetic data. This aeromagnetic map identifies magnetic features as a basis for geophysical interpretations; the gradients help define the edges of magnetic sources. This database updates geophysical information originally presented in smaller-scale formats and includes detailed aeromagnetic data collected by EON Geosciences, Inc. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101070","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Hill, P.L., 2010, Preliminary Aeromagnetic Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1070, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101070.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1070.jpg"},{"id":13752,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, P. L.","contributorId":30201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200012,"text":"70200012 - 2010 - Field note--Successful establishment of a phytoremediation system at a petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated shallow aquifer--Trends, trials, and tribulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T13:31:52","indexId":"70200012","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-21T13:31:29","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2064,"text":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field note--Successful establishment of a phytoremediation system at a petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated shallow aquifer--Trends, trials, and tribulations","docAbstract":"We report the establishment of a mixed hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.) phytoremediation system at a fuel-contaminated site. Several approaches were used to balance competing goals of cost-effectiveness yet successful tree establishment without artificial irrigation or trenching. Bare root and unrooted cuttings were installed using either: (1) 1.2 m deep holes excavated with an 8 cm diameter auger using a direct-push rig and backfilled with the excavated, in situ soil; (2) 1.2 m deep holes created with a 23 cm diameter auger attached to a Bobcat rig and backfilled with clean topsoil from offsite; and (3) shallow holes between 15–30 cm deep that were created with a 1.3 cm diameter rod and no backfill. Tree mortality from initial plantings indicated contaminated zones not quantified in prior site investigations and remedial actions. Aquifer heterogeneity, underground utilities, and prior remediation infrastructure hampered the ability of the site to support a traditional experimental design. Total stem length and mortality were measured for all planted trees and were incorporated into a geographic information system. Planting early in the growing season, augering a larger diameter hole, and backfilling with clean, uncontaminated topsoil was cost effective and allowed for greater tree cutting growth and survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/15226510903390395","usgsCitation":"Cook, R.L., Landmeyer, J., Atkinson, B., Messier, J., and Nichols, E.G., 2010, Field note--Successful establishment of a phytoremediation system at a petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated shallow aquifer--Trends, trials, and tribulations: International Journal of Phytoremediation, v. 12, no. 7, p. 716-732, https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510903390395.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"716","endPage":"732","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6d3e4b034bf6a7f491c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Rachel L.","contributorId":88270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, Brad","contributorId":77848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Messier, Jean-Pierre","contributorId":208571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Messier","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie","contributorId":51210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Guthrie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70208540,"text":"70208540 - 2010 - A new process for organizing assessments of social, economic, and environmental outcomes: Case study of wildland fire management in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T16:23:36.975154","indexId":"70208540","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-21T11:58:21","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new process for organizing assessments of social, economic, and environmental outcomes: Case study of wildland fire management in the USA","docAbstract":"Ecological risk assessments typically are organized using the processes of planning (a discussion among managers, stakeholders, and analysts to clarify ecosystem management goals and assessment scope) and problem formulation (evaluation of existing information to generate hypotheses about adverse ecological effects, select assessment endpoints, and develop an analysis plan). These processes require modification to be applicable for integrated assessments that evaluate ecosystem management alternatives in terms of their ecological, economic, and social consequences. We present 8 questions that define the steps of a new process we term integrated problem formulation (IPF), and we illustrate the use of IPF through a retrospective case study comparing 2 recent phases of development of the Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system, a planning and budgeting system for the management of wildland fire throughout publicly managed lands in the United States. IPF extends traditional planning and problem formulation by including the explicit comparison of management alternatives, the valuation of ecological, economic and social endpoints, and the combination or integration of those endpoints. The phase 1, limited-prototype FPA system used a set of assessment endpoints of common form (i.e., probabilities of given flame heights over acres of selected land-resource types), which were specified and assigned relative weights at the local level in relation to a uniform national standard. This approach was chosen to permit system-wide optimization of fire management budget allocations according to a cost-effectiveness criterion. Before full development, however, the agencies abandoned this approach in favor of a phase 2 system that examined locally specified (rather than system-optimized) allocation alternatives and was more permissive as to endpoint form. We demonstrate how the IPF process illuminates the nature, rationale, and consequences of these differences, and argue that its early use for the FPA system may have enabled a smoother development path.
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F.","contributorId":222507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruins","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munns, W.R. Jr.","contributorId":69675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munns","given":"W.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Botti, S.J.","contributorId":9207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botti","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brink, Steve","contributorId":222508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brink","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cleland, David","contributorId":222509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleland","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kapustka, Lawrence A.","contributorId":222510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapustka","given":"Lawrence","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lee, Danny","contributorId":222511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Danny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luzadis, Valerie","contributorId":222512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luzadis","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Falk McCarthy, Laura","contributorId":222513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falk McCarthy","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rana, Naureen","contributorId":222514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rana","given":"Naureen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rideout, Douglas B.","contributorId":222515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rideout","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rollins, Matt mrollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Matt","email":"mrollins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Woodbury, Peter B.","contributorId":211674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodbury","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Zupko, Mike","contributorId":222516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zupko","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70200018,"text":"70200018 - 2010 - Sources of aerosol nitrate to the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from δ15N and δ18O of nitrate and trace metal chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T15:22:00","indexId":"70200018","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-20T15:21:31","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of aerosol nitrate to the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from δ15N and δ18O of nitrate and trace metal chemistry","docAbstract":"The nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) of water soluble aerosol nitrate was measured in aerosol samples collected in Eilat, Israel, from August 2003 to November 2004. During this period δ15N values ranged from − 6.9‰ to + 1.9‰ and δ18O from + 65.1‰ to + 84.9‰ and exhibited strong seasonal variability with higher average δ15N values observed in the summer and higher δ18O values in the winter. Nitrate isotopic composition was compared with bulk chemical composition and extractable ion and trace metals on co-collected samples linking nitrate isotopic composition to various sources of aerosols to this region. Atmospheric processes impacting the isotopic signatures of nitrate were also considered.
Based on back trajectory analyses, the majority of NO3− came from air masses originating over the Mediterranean Sea (34%), Western Europe (20%) and the local Negev desert (19%), which contain a larger anthropogenic imprint compared to southern and eastern air masses which are dominated by mineral dust. The potential role of reactive mineral dust aerosols as a regulator of NO3− isotopic composition is considered; however, based on factor analysis, neither δ15N nor δ18O were associated with mineral dust components (such as Fe or Al), but rather with anthropogenic indicators such as Cu, Cd, P and Pb. Seasonality in primary NOx cycling reactions driven by seasonal changes in solar radiation, relative humidity and temperature also influence the observed isotopic signatures. The isotope data, together with trace element analysis, suggests that seasonal variations in both δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 are related to both NOx source and transport processes as well as NOx chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
The flux-weighted δ15N of aerosol NO3− in this area averaged − 2.6‰ making aerosol deposition a substantial contributor of low δ15N nitrogen to the oligotrophic waters of the Gulf of Aqaba. Thus, while the flux of atmospheric N to oligotrophic marine systems is smaller than the upward flux of NO3− from deep water, it nonetheless represents an important source of new N having a low δ15N. Further, if this low δ15N signature is not considered, it could interfere with N-fixation estimates based on isotopic composition of dissolved nitrate or particulate organic nitrogen. Thus, atmospheric deposition should be constrained for accurate estimates of marine N-fixation when based on δ15N in the ocean. Indeed, in the Gulf of Aqaba, low upper water δ15NNO3 values could be related to inputs of atmospheric NO3− as well as N-fixation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.013","usgsCitation":"Wankel, S.D., Chen, Y., Kendall, C., Post, A., and Paytan, A., 2010, Sources of aerosol nitrate to the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from δ15N and δ18O of nitrate and trace metal chemistry: Marine Chemistry, v. 120, no. 1-4, p. 90-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Aqaba, Eliat","volume":"120","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6d3e4b034bf6a7f4925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Ying","contributorId":208599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Ying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Post, A.F.","contributorId":104729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paytan, Adina 0000-0001-8360-4712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4712","contributorId":193046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paytan","given":"Adina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198318,"text":"70198318 - 2010 - An improved proximal tephrochronology for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T09:43:50","indexId":"70198318","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-20T09:57:50","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved proximal tephrochronology for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Sediment cores from lakes in volcanically active regions can be used to reconstruct the frequency of tephra-fall events. We studied sediment cores from two lakes within 25 km of the summit of Redoubt Volcano, western Cook Inlet, to develop a robust age model for the Holocene tephrochronology, and to assess the extent to which the tephrostratigraphies were correlative between the two nearby lakes. Visually distinct tephra layers were correlated among cores from Bear and Cub lakes, located within 17 km of each other, to construct a composite age model, which incorporates two Pu-activity profiles and 27 radiocarbon ages, and extends the record back to 11,540 cal a BP. The age model was used to interpolate the ages and quantify the uncertainties of ages for all tephras at least 1 mm thick. Between − 55 and 3850 a BP, 31 tephras were deposited in Bear Lake and 41 tephras in Cub Lake. Bear Lake contains an additional 38 tephras deposited between 11,540 and 3850 a BP. During the period of overlap, (− 55 to 3850 a BP), 24 tephras are of significantly different ages, including nine from Bear Lake and 17 from Cub Lake. The presence of these unique tephras indicates that ejecta plumes erupted from Redoubt Volcano can be highly directional, and that sediment cores from more than one lake are needed for a comprehensive reconstruction of tephra-fall events. Unlike distal lakes in south Alaska, where geomorphic and limnological factors dominate the quality of the tephrostratigraphic record, the variability in tephra-fall trajectory near a Redoubt Volcano appears to be a major control on the number of tephras contained in the sediment of proximal lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.03.015","usgsCitation":"Schiff, C., Kaufman, D.S., Wallace, K.L., and Ketterer, M.E., 2010, An improved proximal tephrochronology for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 193, no. 3-4, p. 203-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.03.015.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.19287109375,\n 59.52317553544798\n ],\n [\n -149.139404296875,\n 59.52317553544798\n ],\n [\n -149.139404296875,\n 62.04213770379758\n ],\n [\n -155.19287109375,\n 62.04213770379758\n ],\n [\n -155.19287109375,\n 59.52317553544798\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"193","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b760e4b0702d0e844e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiff, C.J.","contributorId":34735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiff","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell S. 0000-0002-7572-1414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-1414","contributorId":28308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ketterer, Michael E.","contributorId":28479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketterer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177890,"text":"70177890 - 2010 - Volcano collapse promoted by progressive strength reduction: New data from Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T12:54:54","indexId":"70177890","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-20T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano collapse promoted by progressive strength reduction: New data from Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"Rock shear strength plays a fundamental role in volcano flank collapse, yet pertinent data from modern collapse surfaces are rare. Using samples collected from the inferred failure surface of the massive 1980 collapse of Mount St. Helens (MSH), we determined rock shear strength via laboratory tests designed to mimic conditions in the pre-collapse edifice. We observed that the 1980 failure shear surfaces formed primarily in pervasively shattered older dome rocks; failure was not localized in sloping volcanic strata or in weak, hydrothermally altered rocks. Our test results show that rock shear strength under large confining stresses is reduced ∼20% as a result of large quasi-static shear strain, as preceded the 1980 collapse of MSH. Using quasi-3D slope-stability modeling, we demonstrate that this mechanical weakening could have provoked edifice collapse, even in the absence of transiently elevated pore-fluid pressures or earthquake ground shaking. Progressive strength reduction could promote collapses at other volcanic edifices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0377-4","usgsCitation":"Reid, M.E., Keith, T.E., Kayen, R.E., Iverson, N.R., Iverson, R.M., and Brien, D., 2010, Volcano collapse promoted by progressive strength reduction: New data from Mount St. Helens: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 72, no. 6, p. 761-766, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0377-4.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"766","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017065","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ge_at_pubs/272","text":"External Repository"},{"id":330411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Saint Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 45.9568782506322\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 46.449212403852584\n ],\n [\n -121.90704345703124,\n 46.449212403852584\n ],\n [\n -121.90704345703124,\n 45.9568782506322\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 45.9568782506322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f5e4b0f497e79a5a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, Terry E.C.","contributorId":79099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. 0000-0002-0356-072X rkayen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":140764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, Neal R.","contributorId":176272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brien, Dianne dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":176271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98462,"text":"tm6A35 - 2010 - PHAST version 2-A program for simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-02T10:32:34","indexId":"tm6A35","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A35","title":"PHAST version 2-A program for simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions","docAbstract":"The computer program PHAST (PHREEQC And HST3D) simulates multicomponent, reactive solute transport in three-dimensional saturated groundwater flow systems. PHAST is a versatile groundwater flow and solute-transport simulator with capabilities to model a wide range of equilibrium and kinetic geochemical reactions. The flow and transport calculations are based on a modified version of HST3D that is restricted to constant fluid density and constant temperature. The geochemical reactions are simulated with the geochemical model PHREEQC, which is embedded in PHAST. Major enhancements in PHAST Version 2 allow spatial data to be defined in a combination of map and grid coordinate systems, independent of a specific model grid (without node-by-node input). At run time, aquifer properties are interpolated from the spatial data to the model grid; regridding requires only redefinition of the grid without modification of the spatial data.\r\n\r\nPHAST is applicable to the study of natural and contaminated groundwater systems at a variety of scales ranging from laboratory experiments to local and regional field scales. PHAST can be used in studies of migration of nutrients, inorganic and organic contaminants, and radionuclides; in projects such as aquifer storage and recovery or engineered remediation; and in investigations of the natural rock/water interactions in aquifers. PHAST is not appropriate for unsaturated-zone flow, multiphase flow, or density-dependent flow.\r\n\r\nA variety of boundary conditions are available in PHAST to simulate flow and transport, including specified-head, flux (specified-flux), and leaky (head-dependent) conditions, as well as the special cases of rivers, drains, and wells. Chemical reactions in PHAST include (1) homogeneous equilibria using an ion-association or Pitzer specific interaction thermodynamic model; (2) heterogeneous equilibria between the aqueous solution and minerals, ion exchange sites, surface complexation sites, solid solutions, and gases; and (3) kinetic reactions with rates that are a function of solution composition. The aqueous model (elements, chemical reactions, and equilibrium constants), minerals, exchangers, surfaces, gases, kinetic reactants, and rate expressions may be defined or modified by the user.\r\n\r\nA number of options are available to save results of simulations to output files. The data may be saved in three formats: a format suitable for viewing with a text editor; a format suitable for exporting to spreadsheets and postprocessing programs; and in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), which is a compressed binary format. Data in the HDF file can be visualized on Windows computers with the program Model Viewer and extracted with the utility program PHASTHDF; both programs are distributed with PHAST.\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A35","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., Kipp, K.L., and Charlton, S.R., 2010, PHAST version 2-A program for simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A35, xii, 235 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A35.","productDescription":"xii, 235 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a35.png"},{"id":13736,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06A35/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6896d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. klkipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","email":"klkipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charlton, Scott R. 0000-0001-7332-3394 charlton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3394","contributorId":1632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"Scott","email":"charlton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98463,"text":"gip113 - 2010 - Using land-cover data to understand effects of agricultural and urban development on regional water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"gip113","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"113","title":"Using land-cover data to understand effects of agricultural and urban development on regional water quality","docAbstract":"The Land-Cover Trends project is a collaborative effort between the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to understand the rates, trends, causes, and consequences of contemporary land-use and land-cover change in the United States. The data produced from this research can lead to an enriched understanding of the drivers of future landuse change, effects on environmental systems, and any associated feedbacks.\r\n\r\nUSGS scientists are using the EPA Level III ecoregions as the geographic framework to process geospatial data collected between 1973 and 2000 to characterize ecosystem responses to land-use changes. General land-cover classes for these periods were interpreted from Landsat Multispectral Scanner, Thematic Mapper, and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery to categorize and evaluate land-cover change using a modified Anderson Land-Use/Land-Cover Classification System for image interpretation.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip113","usgsCitation":"Karstensen, K.A., and Warner, K., 2010, Using land-cover data to understand effects of agricultural and urban development on regional water quality: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 113, , https://doi.org/10.3133/gip113.","productDescription":" ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":383,"text":"Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_113.jpg"},{"id":13737,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.53416666666666,38.11666666666667 ], [ -92.53416666666666,44.250277777777775 ], [ -85.41722222222222,44.250277777777775 ], [ -85.41722222222222,38.11666666666667 ], [ -92.53416666666666,38.11666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603c94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karstensen, Krista A. kkarstensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karstensen","given":"Krista","email":"kkarstensen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, Kelly L. klwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Kelly L.","email":"klwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98464,"text":"sir20105008 - 2010 - Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:12","indexId":"sir20105008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5008","title":"Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon","docAbstract":"Management of water quality in streams of the United States is becoming increasingly complex as regulators seek to control aquatic pollution and ecological problems through Total Maximum Daily Load programs that target reductions in the concentrations of certain constituents. Sediment, nutrients, and bacteria, for example, are constituents that regulators target for reduction nationally and in the Tualatin River basin, Oregon. These constituents require laboratory analysis of discrete samples for definitive determinations of concentrations in streams. Recent technological advances in the nearly continuous, in situ monitoring of related water-quality parameters has fostered the use of these parameters as surrogates for the labor intensive, laboratory-analyzed constituents. Although these correlative techniques have been successful in large rivers, it was unclear whether they could be applied successfully in tributaries of the Tualatin River, primarily because these streams tend to be small, have rapid hydrologic response to rainfall and high streamflow variability, and may contain unique sources of sediment, nutrients, and bacteria. \r\n\r\nThis report evaluates the feasibility of developing correlative regression models for predicting dependent variables (concentrations of total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and Escherichia coli bacteria) in two Tualatin River basin streams: one draining highly urbanized land (Fanno Creek near Durham, Oregon) and one draining rural agricultural land (Dairy Creek at Highway 8 near Hillsboro, Oregon), during 2002-04. An important difference between these two streams is their response to storm runoff; Fanno Creek has a relatively rapid response due to extensive upstream impervious areas and Dairy Creek has a relatively slow response because of the large amount of undeveloped upstream land. Four other stream sites also were evaluated, but in less detail. Potential explanatory variables included continuously monitored streamflow (discharge), stream stage, specific conductance, turbidity, and time (to account for seasonal processes). Preliminary multiple-regression models were identified using stepwise regression and Mallow's Cp, which maximizes regression correlation coefficients and accounts for the loss of additional degrees of freedom when extra explanatory variables are used. Several data scenarios were created and evaluated for each site to assess the representativeness of existing monitoring data and autosampler-derived data, and to assess the utility of the available data to develop robust predictive models. The goodness-of-fit of candidate predictive models was assessed with diagnostic statistics from validation exercises that compared predictions against a subset of the available data.\r\n\r\nThe regression modeling met with mixed success. Functional model forms that have a high likelihood of success were identified for most (but not all) dependent variables at each site, but there were limitations in the available datasets, notably the lack of samples from high-flows. These limitations increase the uncertainty in the predictions of the models and suggest that the models are not yet ready for use in assessing these streams, particularly under high-flow conditions, without additional data collection and recalibration of model coefficients. Nonetheless, the results reveal opportunities to use existing resources more efficiently. Baseline conditions are well represented in the available data, and, for the most part, the models reproduced these conditions well. Future sampling might therefore focus on high flow conditions, without much loss of ability to characterize the baseline. Seasonal cycles, as represented by trigonometric functions of time, were not significant in the evaluated models, perhaps because the baseline conditions are well characterized in the datasets or because the other explanatory variables indirectly incorporate seasonal aspects. Multicollinearity among independent variabl","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5008, viii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105008.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5008.jpg"},{"id":13749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Oregon Lambert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,45.36666666666667 ], [ -123.5,45.750277777777775 ], [ -122.5,45.750277777777775 ], [ -122.5,45.36666666666667 ], [ -123.5,45.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236327,"text":"70236327 - 2010 - Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T17:32:38.884172","indexId":"70236327","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-18T12:22:25","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change","docAbstract":"The resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change depends on complex interactions among topography, water, soil, vegetation, and snow, which allow permafrost to persist at mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) as high as +2 °C and degrade at MAATs as low as –20 °C. To assess these interactions, we compiled existing data and tested effects of varying conditions on mean annual surface temperatures (MASTs) and 2 m deep temperatures (MADTs) through modeling. Surface water had the largest effect, with water sediment temperatures being ~10 °C above MAAT. A 50% reduction in snow depth reduces MADT by 2 °C. Elevation changes between 200 and 800 m increases MAAT by up to 2.3 °C and snow depths by ~40%. Aspect caused only a ~1 °C difference in MAST. Covarying vegetation structure, organic matter thickness, soil moisture, and snow depth of terrestrial ecosystems, ranging from barren silt to white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) forest to tussock shrub, affect MASTs by ~6 °C and MADTs by ~7 °C. Groundwater at 2–7 °C greatly affects lateral and internal permafrost thawing. Analyses show that vegetation succession provides strong negative feedbacks that make permafrost resilient to even large increases in air temperatures. Surface water, which is affected by topography and ground ice, provides even stronger negative feedbacks that make permafrost vulnerable to thawing even under cold temperatures.