Vadose cements in the Late Pleistocene Miami Limestone contain regions with two-phase aqueous fluid inclusions that have consistent vapor to liquid (V-L) ratios. When heated, these seemingly primary inclusions homogenize to a liquid phase in a range between 75°C and 130°C (mean = 100°C) and have final melting temperatures between −0.3° and 0.0°C. The original distribution of Th was broadened during measurements because of fluid inclusion reequilibration. The narrow range of Th in these fluid inclusions suggest unusually consistent V-L ratios. They occur with small, obscure, single phase liquid-filled inclusions, which infer a low temperature origin (less than 60°C), and contradict the higher temperature origin implied by the two phase inclusions.
The diagenetic environment producing these seemingly primary fluid inclusions can be inferred from the origin of the host calcite enclosing them. The δ18O composition of these cements (−4 to−5.5%., PDB) and the fresh water in the fluid inclusions are consistent with precipitation from low-temperature meteoric water. The carbon-isotope composition of the vadose cements that contain only rare two-phase fluid inclusions are comparable to the host rock matrix (δ13C between 0 and +4%., PDB). Cements that contain common two-phase fluid-inclusions have a distinctly lighter carbon isotopic composition of −3 to −5%.. The carbon isotope composition of cements that contain common two-phase inclusions are about 6%. lighter than those of other vadose cements; models of early meteoric diagenesis indicate that this is the result of precipitation from water that has been influenced by soil gas CO2.
Our hypothesis is that the primary fluid inclusions, those with consistent V-L ratios and the single-phase liquid inclusions, form at near-surface temperature (25°C) and pressure when consistent proportions of soil gas and meteoric water percolating through the vadose zone are trapped within elongate vacuoles.
This study corroborates that Th measurements on two phase inclusions in vadose cements can be misleading evidence of thermal diagenesis, even if the measurements are well grouped.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(88)90256-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., and Halley, R.B., 1988, Fluid inclusions in vadose cement with consistent vapor to liquid ratios, Pleistocene Miami Limestone, southeastern Florida: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1019-1025, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90256-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1025","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1277e4b0c8380cd542fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013646,"text":"70013646 - 1988 - Experimental oxygen isotope fractionation between siderite-water and phosphoric acid liberated CO2-siderite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:24:19.801348","indexId":"70013646","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Experimental oxygen isotope fractionation between siderite-water and phosphoric acid liberated CO2-siderite","title":"Experimental oxygen isotope fractionation between siderite-water and phosphoric acid liberated CO2-siderite","docAbstract":"The equilibrium fractionation of O isotopes between synthetic siderite and water has been measured at temperatures ranging from 33° to 197°C. The fractionation between siderite and water over this temperature range can be represented by the equation: 103 ln α = 3.13 × 106T−2 − 3.50. Comparison between the experimental and theoretical fractionations is favorable only at approximately 200°C; at lower temperatures, they generally differ by up to 2 permil.
Siderite was prepared by the slow addition of ferrous chloride solutions to sodium bicarbonate solutions at the experimental temperatures. It was also used to determine the O isotope fractionation factors between phosphoric acid liberated CO2 and siderite. The fractionation factors for this pair at 25° and 50°C are 1.01175 and 1.01075, respectively.
Preliminary results of the measured C isotope fractionation between siderite and Co2 also indicate C isotopic equilibrium during precipitation of siderite. The measured distribution of 13C between siderite and CO2 coincides with the theoretical values only at about 120°C. Experimental and theoretical C fractionations differ up to 3 permil at higher and lower temperatures.
The Lantana landfill located in Palm Beach County rises 40 to 50 feet above normal ground level and consists of about 250 acres of compacted garbage and trash, some below the water table. Surface-resistivity measurements and water-quality analyses indicate a contaminant plume along the eastern perimeter of the landfill that has migrated about 300 feet eastward toward an adjacent lake. Concentrations of chloride, ammonia, and nitrate were elevated within the plume. The surficial aquifer consists primarily of sand from 0 to about 68 feet, and sand interbedded with sandstone and limestone from 68 to 220 feet. A slight hydraulic gradient exists, indicating ground-water movement from the landfill toward a lake to the east. Analyses of geoelectric, lithologic, and water-quality data indicate that surface geophysical techniques were successful in determining the areal and vertical extent of leachate migration at this location.
Fouling by the bryozoan Plumatella casmiana was observed on cages in which channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were being reared for a strain evaluation study at the Fish Farming Experimental Station, Stuttgart, Arkansas. Channel catfish growth was inversely correlated with encrustation. The extent of the encrustation was inversely related to pond water depth and to the distance of the cage from the pond water supply inlet. Fish growth was reduced in the cages most heavily fouled, which were in the shallowest water and nearest the water inflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050%3C0042:EOCEBT%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Greenland, D.C., Newton, S., and Faucette, R., 1988, Effects of cage encrustation by the bryozoan Plumatella casmiana on production of channel catfish: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 50, no. 1, p. 42-45, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050%3C0042:EOCEBT%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62489a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenland, Donald C.","contributorId":7214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenland","given":"Donald","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":319495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, S.H.","contributorId":92199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faucette, R.F. Jr.","contributorId":85128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faucette","given":"R.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014328,"text":"70014328 - 1988 - The chemical evolution of a travertine-depositing stream: Geochemical processes and mass transfer reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:05:36","indexId":"70014328","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical evolution of a travertine-depositing stream: Geochemical processes and mass transfer reactions","docAbstract":"This field study focuses on quantitatively defining the chemical changes occurring in Falling Spring Creek, a travertine-depositing stream located in Alleghany County, Virginia. The processes of CO2outgassing and calcite precipitation or dissolution control the chemical evolution of the stream. The observed chemical composition of the water was used with the computerized geochemical model WATEQF to calculate aqueous speciation, saturation indices, and CO2 partial pressure values. Mass balance calculations were performed to obtain mass transfers of CO2 and calcite. Reaction times, estimated from stream discharge, were used with the mass transfer results to calculate rates of CO2, outgassing and calcite precipitation between consecutive sampling points. The stream, which is fed by a carbonate spring, is supersaturated with respect to CO2 along the entire 5.2-km flow path. Outgassing of CO2 drives the solution to high degrees of supersaturation with respect to calcite. Metabolic uptake of CO2 by photosynthetic plants is insignificant, because the high supply rate of dissolved carbon dioxide and the extreme agitation of the stream at waterfalls and rapids causes a much greater amount of inorganic CO2 outgassing to occur. Calcite precipitation is kinetically inhibited until near the crest of a 20-m vertical waterfall. Calcite precipitation rates then reach a maximum at the waterfall where greater water turbulence allows the most rapid escape of CO2. Physical evidence for calcite precipitation exists in the travertine deposits which are first observed immediately above the waterfall and extend for at least 1.0 km below the falls. Net calcite precipitation occurs at all times of the year but is greatest during low-flow conditions in the summer and early fall.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i009p01541","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., and Herman, J.S., 1988, The chemical evolution of a travertine-depositing stream: Geochemical processes and mass transfer reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 9, p. 1541-1552, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i009p01541.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1541","endPage":"1552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2be4b08c986b322740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014714,"text":"70014714 - 1988 - Air encapsulation during infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:22:18.255661","indexId":"70014714","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air encapsulation during infiltration","docAbstract":"A series of field and laboratory experiments were performed to measure the effects of air encapsulation within the soil's transmission zone upon several infiltration properties. In the field, infiltration rates were measured using a double-cap infiltrometer (DCI), and soil-water contents were measured using time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Before half of the infiltration experiments, CO2 was injected through the DCI into the soil to reduce the amount of air encapsulation in the soil's transmission zone. For a gravelly loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.38 cm3 cm−3 for control experiments and 0.43 cm3 cm−3 for CO2 experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.42 cm min−1 for the control experiments compared to 4.40 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. For a sandy loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.43 cm3 cm−3 for control experiments compared with 0.45 cm3 cm−3 for CO2 experiments. The average final infiltration rate was 0.09 cm min−1 for the control experiments compared with 0.42 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. In the laboratory, infiltration experiments were performed using repacked soil columns (15-cm i.d. by 140 cm long), again using TDR and CO2 flooding. For a medium sand as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.29 cm3 cm−3 for the control experiments and 0.36 cm3 cm−3 for the CO2 experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.25 cm min−1 for the control experiments and 1.23 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. For a loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.45 cm3 cm−3 for the control experiments and 0.50 cm3 cm−3 for the CO2 experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.02 cm min−1 for the control experiments and 0.10 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. These results suggest that a significant portion of the total encapsulated air resided in interconnected pores within the soil's transmission zone. For the time scale considered, this residual air caused the effective hydraulic conductivity of the transmission zone to remain at a level no greater than 20% of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010002x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Herkelrath, W., and Murphy, F., 1988, Air encapsulation during infiltration: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 52, no. 1, p. 10-16, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010002x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e917e4b0c8380cd480bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, F.","contributorId":42358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014772,"text":"70014772 - 1988 - The giant submarine alika debris slide, Mauna Loa, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-19T10:40:16","indexId":"70014772","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The giant submarine alika debris slide, Mauna Loa, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A 4000‐km2 area of submarine slump and slide deposits along the west flank of Mauna Loa volcano has been mapped with GLORIA side‐scan sonar images, seismic reflection profiles, and new bathymetry. The youngest deposits are two debris avalanche lobes that travelled from their breakaway area near the present shoreline as much as 100 km into the Hawaiian Deep at water depths of 4800 m. The two lobes partly overlap and together are designated the Alika slide. They were derived from the same source area and probably formed in rapid succession. Distinction hummocky topography, marginal levees, and other features on lower slopes (0.3°–0.6°) of these deposits resemble subaerial volcanic debris avalanche deposits such as 1980 Mount St. Helens and suggest high emplacement velocities. The breakaway area for the Alika slide (10°–15° slopes) is characterized by large block slumps, bounded by normal faults, that probably represent multiple subsidence events before, during, and after the debris avalanches. Lower slopes of the slide contain distinctive lobate‐terraced deposits that are interpreted as having been emplaced more slowly, prior to the debris avalanches. Estimated thicknesses of 50–200 m suggest volumes of 200–600 km3 for the two lobes. The combined volume of the entire slide and slump terrane is probably 1500–2000 km3. The slide deposits predate a 13‐ka coral reef and probably postdate the block‐faulted Ninole Basalt, roughly dated as a few hundred thousand years old. The Alika slide, or a similar deposit recognized on GLORIA images further north along the Hawaiian Ridge, probably triggered a giant wave that washed 325 m high on Lanai at about 100 ka. Slumping on Mauna Loa has been most intense adjacent to the large arcuate bend in its southwest rift zone, as the rift zone migrated westward away from the growing Kilauea volcano. Slumping events were probably triggered by seismic activity accompanying dike injection along the rift zone. Such massive slumps, landslides, and distal submarine turbidity flows appear to be widespread on the flanks of Hawaiian volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04279","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Normark, W.R., Moore, J.G., Wilson, J.B., and Gutmacher, C.E., 1988, The giant submarine alika debris slide, Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4279-4299, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04279.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"4279","endPage":"4299","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac85e4b08c986b323558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, J. B.","contributorId":28606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gutmacher, Christina E.","contributorId":28272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutmacher","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014285,"text":"70014285 - 1988 - Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:04:20","indexId":"70014285","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology","docAbstract":"A revision of the Birkenes model of streamwater acidification has been attempted to incorporate additional chemical and hydrologic information gained in the last 6 years since its original construction. The first stage of this effort has been an analysis of the hydrologic submodel with the goal of extending it to predict concentrations of a conservative tracer in streamwater. An objective calibration of the model indicated that the model is overparameterized. Only one passive store is identifiabile, not two as currently contained in the model and the routing between the two reservoirs is not determined by the data. Inclusion of the conservative tracer improved the identifiability of the dimensional parameters, but had little effect on the rate or routing parameters. If the hydrologic structure is to be determined from the hydrograph and conservative tracer alone, it must be simplified to eliminate unidentifiable parameters. The validity of using more complex rainfall-runoff models in hydrochemical models which seek to test chemical mechanisms is called into question by this analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i008p01308","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Stone, A., Christophersen, N., Grosbois, D., and Seip, H.M., 1988, Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal calibration methodology: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1308-1316, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i008p01308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede4e4b0c8380cd49aa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Alex","contributorId":198669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christophersen, Nils","contributorId":198668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christophersen","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosbois, de","contributorId":77668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosbois","given":"de","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seip, Hans M.","contributorId":69720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70014312,"text":"70014312 - 1988 - Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014312","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models","docAbstract":"Hydrologic modeling of stream-aquifer interaction commonly has been used to quantify transit losses associated with water deliveries, such as those from reservoir storage. This technique requires estimation of model parameters that include stage-discharge relations, channel-storage coefficient, aquifer transmissivity, and aquifer-storage coefficient. Because data to reliably estimate or calibrate these parameters often may be lacking, it is beneficial to know how parameter errors will affect the determination of transit losses. In addition, transit loss varies considerably depending on the duration of the recovery period (time allowed for water to leave channel and bank storage) used in the calculation of hydrograph volume. Sensitivity analysis indicates that recovery period typically is more important to the determination of total transit loss than are errors in the estimated values of channel and aquifer characteristics.","conferenceTitle":"Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century","conferenceDate":"18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988","conferenceLocation":"Lincoln, NE, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626660","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1988, Determining transit losses for water deliveries by use of stream-aquifer models, Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century, Lincoln, NE, USA, 18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988, p. 165-175.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fffae4b0c8380cd4f4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014317,"text":"70014317 - 1988 - The design and use of a hydraulic potentiomanometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T14:22:34","indexId":"70014317","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The design and use of a hydraulic potentiomanometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water","docAbstract":"The hydraulic potentiomanometer described herein consists of a potentiometer connected to a manometer by a flexible tube. The device is used to directly measure the direction of seepage as well as the hydraulic-head difference between groundwater and surface water. The device works most effectively in sandy materials. For accurate measurements the device must be free of air leaks. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., LaBaugh, J.W., and Rosenberry, P., 1988, The design and use of a hydraulic potentiomanometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 33, no. 5, p. 1209-1214.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1214","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267945,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_33/issue_5/1209.pdf"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa90e4b08c986b3228ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, P.O.","contributorId":73347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"P.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007843,"text":"1007843 - 1988 - Predation, herbivory and kelp evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-05T16:25:15.955846","indexId":"1007843","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation, herbivory and kelp evolution","docAbstract":"We propose that the kelps (Laminariales) radiated in the North Pacific following the onset of late Cenozoic polar cooling. The evidence is that (1) extant kelps occur exclusively in cold-water habitats; (2) all but one of 27 kelp genera occur in the North Pacific, 19 of these exclusively; and (3) limpets and herbivorous marine mammals obligately associated with kelps or other stipitate brown algae appeared late in the Cenozoic, even though more generalized forms of both groups are much older. We propose, further, that sea otters and perhaps other groups of benthic-feeding predatory mammals, whose late Cenozoic distributions all were limited to the North Pacific, created an environment for the evolution of kelps in which the intensity of herbivory was unusually low. We hypothesize that this interaction created predictable differences among habitats in the intensity of herbivory on several spatial scales, with resulting trade-offs between anti-herbivore defenses and plant competitive abilities in their respective floras. Sea otters incur time and energy costs for diving, resulting in depth-related reductions to foraging efficiency and thus increased sizes and densities of herbivorous sea urchins. Thus, the deep-water flora is well defended, but competitively subordinate, compared with the shallow-water flora. Similarly, we argue that during the same period of earth history, predation had less of a limiting influence on herbivorous invertebrates in the temperate southwestern Pacific. We hypothesize that (1) consequent biogeographical differences in the intensity of herbivory may have selected the phenolic-rich brown algal flora in temperate Australia/New Zealand; and (2) tightly coevolved plant/herbivore interactions may explain why Australian and New Zealand herbivores are undeterred by phenolics and why other classes of secondary compounds in the Australian/New Zealand flora significantly deter herbivores.
The abundance of manatees, as with most marine mammals, is difficult to determine because they are visible for only short periods of time while at the surface of the water (Eberhardt et al. 1979, Powell et al. 1981). Aerial surveys are generally considered to be the most accurate method of counting manatees, although there is no doubt that some undetermined proportion is missed (Irvine and Campbell 1978, Shane 1981, Kinnaird 1985, Packard et al. 1985). When designing aerial censuses for manatees two types of aircraft are usually considered: fixed-wing and rotary-wing airplanes (Irvine 1982). Fixed-wing airplanes normally are used because helicopters are prohibitively expensive to hire (often over twice that of a fixed-wing airplane). Helicopters, however, have been assumed to yield more accurate counts for manatees (personal observations; J. Fletemeyer and J. Provancha, personal communication) because their slower air speed and greater maneuverability reduce the proportion of animals missed due to some of the biases inherent in fixed-wing airplane counts (Caughley 1974). To assess how effective fixed-wing aircraft are in determining the number of manatees in an area, a series of paired total-count aerial surveys were done in winter 1978-79.
A Bell 47G helicopter was used to obtain a “count” to compare with counts made from a Cessna 172 fixed, high-wing airplane. The experiment was conducted at two different sites and on five consecutive days at each site. The first location was Crystal River, which is a clear, spring-fed river that flows about11 km into the Gulf of Mexico on the central west coast of Florida. The second site was an 8-km-long section of the Indian River, which is a large, turbid estuary adjacent to Cape Canaveral on the east coast of Florida.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00185.x","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, G.B., 1988, Fixed-wing airplane versus helicopter surveys of manatees (Trichechus manatus): Marine Mammal Science, v. 4, no. 1, p. 71-75, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00185.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"75","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef2e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, Galen B.","contributorId":17571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"Galen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013731,"text":"70013731 - 1988 - Trends in lead concentrations in major U.S. rivers and their relation to historical changes in gasoline-lead consumption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:37:18","indexId":"70013731","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in lead concentrations in major U.S. rivers and their relation to historical changes in gasoline-lead consumption","docAbstract":"Declines in concentrations of dissolved lead occurred at nearly two-thirds of 306 locations on major U.S. rivers from 1974 to 1985. Declines in dissolved lead concentrations are statistically significant (p < 0.10) at approximately one-third of the sampling locations. Statistically significant increases in dissolved lead concentrations occurred at only 6 percent of the sites, but are clustered in the Texas-Gulf and Lower Mississippi region. Possible explanations for the observed trends in lead concentrations are tested through comparisons with (1) records of lead discharges from major sources including leaded-gasoline consumption and municipal- and industrial-point source discharges, (2) trends in various water-quality constituents such as pH and total alkalinity, and (3) basin characteristics such as drainage area. Statistically significant declines in lead concentrations in streams and gasoline lead (i.e., the largest source of lead at these sites) are highly coincident for the 1979 to 1980 period at most sampling locations. The greatest amount of decline in gasoline lead occurred at sites showing statistically significant downtrends in stream concentrations of lead from 1974 to 1985. No more than 5 percent of the trends in stream lead are influenced by municipal- and industrial-point sources of lead. Factors that affect the transport of dissolved lead, including lead solubility, suspended sediment, and basin characteristics such as drainage basin size, are not significantly related to trends in dissolved lead. Trends in streamflow explain no more than 7 percent of the downtrends in concentrations of lead and may partly explain the frequent increases in lead concentrations in the Texas-Gulf and Lower Mississippi regions.Declines in concentrations of dissolved lead occurred at nearly two-thirds of 306 locations on major US rivers from 1974 to 1985. Declines in dissolved lead concentrations are statistically significant at approximately one-third of the sampling locations. Statistically significant increases in dissolved lead concentrations occurred at only 6 percent of the sites, but are clustered in the Texas-Gulf and Lower Mississippi regions. Possible explanations for the observed trends in lead concentrations are tested through comparisons with records of lead discharges from major sources including leaded-gasoline consumption and municipal- and industrial-point source discharges, trends in various water-quality constituents such as pH and total alkalinity, and basin characteristics such as drainage area. Study results are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00905.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., and Smith, R.A., 1988, Trends in lead concentrations in major U.S. rivers and their relation to historical changes in gasoline-lead consumption: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00905.x.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267760,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00905.x"},{"id":220162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7ede4b08c986b327587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014352,"text":"1014352 - 1988 - Lack of dietary effects on the timing of smoltification in Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:38:49.853602","indexId":"1014352","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lack of dietary effects on the timing of smoltification in Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"Six commercially available diets varying in lipid, protein, water, ash, and carbohydrate contents were fed to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for 2 years to determine if diet affected smoltification. Each month, from March to September of the second year, sampled fish were exposed to 33‰ seawater for 24 h to determine smolt readiness, defined as the ability to maintain water and salt balance in a seawater challenge. Regardless of diet, Atlantic salmon were able to regulate plasma sodium and chloride ions (smoltify) only during early May. It is unlikely that hatchery managers could effectively use high‐energy diets to control the time of smoltification in Atlantic salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050%3C0007:ALODEO%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Redell, L.A., Rottiers, D.V., and Lemm, C.A., 1988, Lack of dietary effects on the timing of smoltification in Atlantic salmon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 50, p. 7-11, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050%3C0007:ALODEO%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131419,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rottiers, D. V.","contributorId":49301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rottiers","given":"D.","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemm, C. A.","contributorId":42162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemm","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013659,"text":"70013659 - 1988 - General two‐point method for Determining velocity in open channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:48:43.686032","indexId":"70013659","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"General two‐point method for Determining velocity in open channel","docAbstract":"The generally accepted procedure is to average velocity measurements at 0. 2D and 0. 8D, measured vertically from the water surface,or alternatively to measure velocity at a position equal to 0. 6D, where D is the total depth of flow. In some situations, one may wish to measure at depths other than 0. 2D and 0. 8D. For instance, a temporary stream gage may be continuously monitoring velocity with two probes located at fixed vertical positions. As the total depth changes, the relative measurement position changes. This paper presents a general two-point method that can be used to determine the depth-averaged velocity when measurements at two arbitrary but known depths are available.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:7(801)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Walker, J.F., 1988, General two‐point method for Determining velocity in open channel: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 7, p. 801-805, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:7(801).","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"801","endPage":"805","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1449e4b0c8380cd549a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013665,"text":"70013665 - 1988 - Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T00:51:20.658789","indexId":"70013665","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport","docAbstract":"Eulerian current measurements made 5-7 m above bottom at six stations along the United States east coast continental margin show a net downslope flow of 1-5 cm s-1. Although the scalar current speed decreases with water depth and toward the bottom, fluctuations in the cross-isobath flow were stronger and increasingly asymmetric near the bottom. Maximum downslope flow exceeded maximum upslope flow by a factor of two to three. The strength of the low-passed downslope flow was proportional to the upslope Reynolds flux of density as well as to the amplitude of the current fluctuations that have periods shorter than 30 h. These flow characteristics may be caused by differential vertical mixing in the bottom boundary layer where a stratified fluid flows upslope (unstable) and downslope (stable). The asymmetry in current strength clearly favors net downslope transport of sediments that move as bedload. ?? 1988.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(88)90078-7","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., 1988, Downslope Eulerian mean flow associated with high-frequency current fluctuations observed on the outer continental shelf and upper slope along the northeastern United States continental margin: Implications for sediment transport: Continental Shelf Research, v. 8, no. 5-7, p. 811-840, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(88)90078-7.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b4e4b0c8380cd50605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014387,"text":"70014387 - 1988 - Predicting tidal currents in San Francisco Bay using a spectral model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:37:41","indexId":"70014387","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Predicting tidal currents in San Francisco Bay using a spectral model","docAbstract":"This paper describes the formulation of a spectral (or frequency based) model which solves the linearized shallow water equations. To account for highly variable basin bathymetry, spectral solutions are obtained using the finite element method which allows the strategic placement of the computation points in the specific areas of interest or in areas where the gradients of the dependent variables are expected to be large. Model results are compared with data using simple statistics to judge overall model performance in the San Francisco Bay estuary. Once the model is calibrated and verified, prediction of the tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay is accomplished by applying astronomical tides (harmonic constants deduced from field data) at the prediction time along the model boundaries.
","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Burau, J.R., and Cheng, R.T., 1988, Predicting tidal currents in San Francisco Bay using a spectral model, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 634-639.","startPage":"634","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81dbe4b0c8380cd7b792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014384,"text":"70014384 - 1988 - Dry Stream Reaches in Carbonate Terranes: Surface Indicators of Ground-Water Reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:32:27","indexId":"70014384","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dry Stream Reaches in Carbonate Terranes: Surface Indicators of Ground-Water Reservoirs","docAbstract":"In areas where dry stream reaches occur, subsurface drainage successfully competes with surface drainage, and sheet-like dissolution openings have developed parallel to bedding creating the ground-water reservoir. Union Hollow in south-central Tennessee is the setting for a case study that illustrates the application of the dry stream reach technique. In this technique, dry stream reach identification is based on two types of readily acquired information: remotely sensed black and white infrared aerial photography; and surface reconnaissance of stream channel characteristics. Test drilling in Union Hollow subsequent to identification of the dry reach proved that a localized ground-water reservoir was present.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00907.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Brahana, J., and Hollyday, E., 1988, Dry Stream Reaches in Carbonate Terranes: Surface Indicators of Ground-Water Reservoirs: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 577-580, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00907.x.","startPage":"577","endPage":"580","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267756,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00907.x"},{"id":225572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd52e4b0c8380cd4e796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brahana, J. V.","contributorId":32926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahana","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollyday, E. F.","contributorId":95062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollyday","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014383,"text":"70014383 - 1988 - Estimation of urban stormwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014383","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimation of urban stormwater quality","docAbstract":"Two data-based methods for estimating urban stormwater quality have recently been made available - a planning level method developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and a nationwide regression method developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Each method uses urban stormwater water-quality constituent data collected for the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) during 1979-83. The constituents analyzed include 10 chemical constituents - chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved solids (DS), total nitrogen (TN), total ammonia plus nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved phosphorous (DP), total copper (CU), total lead (PB), and total zinc (ZN). The purpose of this report is to briefly compare features of the two estimation methods.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.E., and Tasker, G.D., 1988, Estimation of urban stormwater quality, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 78-83.","startPage":"78","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bbde4b0c8380cd52861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014367,"text":"70014367 - 1988 - Permeability of rock samples from Cajon Pass, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T01:11:29.469073","indexId":"70014367","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permeability of rock samples from Cajon Pass, California","docAbstract":"Hydrologic rock properties are important to the debate about the state of stress and heat flow regime of the San Andreas fault. In particular, these properties are pertinent to whether frictional heat generated by high shear stresses can be convected away by circulating ground water, thus accounting for the absence of a measurable heat flow anomaly across the fault. To help resolve this debate, we have conducted laboratory permeability measurements on intact core samples from the Cajon Pass drill hole extracted from depths between 2100 and 3500 m. These rocks were all crystalline in nature, including granodiorites, tonalites, monzogranites and gneisses. Confining and pore pressures matched the in situ pressures for each depth, and distilled water was used as the permeating medium. Permeabilities ranged from 10−22 to 10−19 m2 for effective pressures between 36 and 56 MPa. In general, the permeability values decreased with depth in a manner consistent with earlier studies of rocks between 500 and 2100 m in the drill hole. Petrographic observations indicate that repeated episodes of crack healing and sealing are the mechanisms responsible for the extremely low permeability values. Secondary minerals that seal the microfractures include abundant laumontite, calcite, quartz, chlorite, and other phyllosilicates. The permeability results suggest that water circulation in the vicinity of the drill hole must be restricted to major fracture zones, with minimal exchange of water in more intact regions. This finding is consistent with geochemical evidence of little mixing of the pore waters sampled from different sections of the borehole. The results also suggest that massive water circulation through the bulk of the rock is unlikely as a mechanism for obscuring the heat flow anomaly that would be expected if shear stresses along the San Andreas fault are high.
Element-concentration baselines are given for Parmelia sulcata and associated soils. Parmelia chlorochroa was found sporadically and therefore only representative concentration ranges are reported for this species. Element data include (1) for lichens; Al, As, Ba, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Sr, S, Ti, V, Y, and Zn; and (2) for soils: Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cs, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Nb, P, Pb, Sr, S, Ti, V, Y, and Zn. Very little (usually < 10 %) of the variability in the element data for lichen material occurs regionally (> 7.2 km); thus, P sukata is, in general, chemically similar throughout the park. This same uniformity was found for soil geochemistry. Numerous samples collected at close intervals would be required, therefore, to produce detailed element-concentration maps for P. sulcata and soils. No instances of elemental phytotoxic conditions were found; however, P. sulcata apparently possesses large concentrations of Ba, Cu, Fe, Pb, S, V, and possibly Zn.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00279594","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Severson, R.C., and Jackson, L.L., 1988, Determining baseline element composition of lichens. I. Parmelia sulcata at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 157-167, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279594.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00279594","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.48297119140625,\n 47.518128167602484\n ],\n [\n -103.2220458984375,\n 47.518128167602484\n ],\n [\n -103.2220458984375,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -103.48297119140625,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -103.48297119140625,\n 47.518128167602484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffece4b0c8380cd4f497","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, L. L.","contributorId":39366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014349,"text":"70014349 - 1988 - Observed oil and gas field size distributions: A consequence of the discovery process and prices of oil and gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014349","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observed oil and gas field size distributions: A consequence of the discovery process and prices of oil and gas","docAbstract":"If observed oil and gas field size distributions are obtained by random samplings, the fitted distributions should approximate that of the parent population of oil and gas fields. However, empirical evidence strongly suggests that larger fields tend to be discovered earlier in the discovery process than they would be by random sampling. Economic factors also can limit the number of small fields that are developed and reported. This paper examines observed size distributions in state and federal waters of offshore Texas. Results of the analysis demonstrate how the shape of the observable size distributions change with significant hydrocarbon price changes. Comparison of state and federal observed size distributions in the offshore area shows how production cost differences also affect the shape of the observed size distribution. Methods for modifying the discovery rate estimation procedures when economic factors significantly affect the discovery sequence are presented. A primary conclusion of the analysis is that, because hydrocarbon price changes can significantly affect the observed discovery size distribution, one should not be confident about inferring the form and specific parameters of the parent field size distribution from the observed distributions. ?? 1988 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00892971","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Drew, L., Attanasi, E.D., and Schuenemeyer, J., 1988, Observed oil and gas field size distributions: A consequence of the discovery process and prices of oil and gas: Mathematical Geology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 939-953, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00892971.","startPage":"939","endPage":"953","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892971"},{"id":226017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6af1e4b0c8380cd74424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013707,"text":"70013707 - 1988 - Coarse-sediment bands on the inner shelf of southern Monterey Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T11:07:37.902757","indexId":"70013707","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coarse-sediment bands on the inner shelf of southern Monterey Bay, California","docAbstract":"Walker Lake, a terminal saline lake in western Nevada, has experienced major fluctuations in its water level due to changes in the regional climate during Quaternary times. As part of a paleo-climatological study of western Nevada, we have investigated organic matter δ13C and C/N values and lipid biomarker contents of sediments deposited at various periods over the past 150 thousand years of lake history. Surficial sediments from two cross-lake transects contain mostly lake-derived organic matter. Diagenetic losses of organic matter are evident in deeper sediments, and the proportion of aquatic and terrigenous organic materials changes in response to variations in preservational factors. Source identification of organic matter is complicated by the probability that Walker Lake has experienced desiccation at various times in its history which impacts the degree of preservation of organic substances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(88)90104-0","usgsCitation":"Meyers, P., and Benson, L.V., 1988, Sedimentary biomarker and isotopic indicators of the paleoclimatic history of the Walker Lake basin, western Nevada: Organic Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 4-6, p. 807-813, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90104-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"813","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90104-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Walker Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.77679424485856,\n 38.810570409772254\n ],\n [\n -118.77679424485856,\n 38.59042632666018\n ],\n [\n -118.636087650418,\n 38.59042632666018\n ],\n [\n -118.636087650418,\n 38.810570409772254\n ],\n [\n -118.77679424485856,\n 38.810570409772254\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a16e4b08c986b317017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, P.A.","contributorId":53527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013708,"text":"70013708 - 1988 - Effects of Precipitation and Land Use on Storm Runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:40:38","indexId":"70013708","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of Precipitation and Land Use on Storm Runoff","docAbstract":"Storm-runoff quantity and quality were studied in three watersheds located near St. Paul in Ramsey County, Minnesota, from April 15 through September 15 of 1984, 1985, and 1986 to qualitatively determine the effects of precipitation and selected land uses on storm runoff. In respect to precipitation effects, differences in storm-runoff quantity between years in an urban watershed that lacks wetlands appear to be related to the average storm size (amount of precipitation) during the study period of each year. In contrast, the differences in storm-runoff quantity from watersheds that contain wetlands appear to be related to total precipitation during study period of each year. In respect to land use, the differences in storm-runoff quantity appear to be related to the amounts of impervious and wetland area. The watershed that contains the largest amount of impervious area and smallest amount of wetland area has the largest amount of storm runoff.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03001.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., 1988, Effects of Precipitation and Land Use on Storm Runoff: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 421-426, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03001.x.","startPage":"421","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267762,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb03001.x"},{"id":220606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045ae4b0c8380cd50922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}