{"pageNumber":"1906","pageRowStart":"47625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68924,"records":[{"id":70014175,"text":"70014175 - 1988 - Low molecular weight species in humic and fulvic fractions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T20:47:11.017634","indexId":"70014175","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low molecular weight species in humic and fulvic fractions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fourier transform solution&nbsp;</span><sup>1</sup><span>H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry with homogated water peak irradiation is a useful method for detecting low molecular weight substances in humic extracts. Succinate, acetate, methanol, formate, lactate and some aryl methoxyl compounds have been detected in extracts from a wide range of sources. In view of the controversy over whether low molecular weight substances are contaminants in humic extracts introduced by the concentration procedure, we report that some of these materials are not contaminants since&nbsp;</span><sup>1</sup><span>H-NMR can be used to follow their formation from higher molecular weight species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(88)90110-6","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M.A., Collin, P.J., Malcolm, R., Perdue, E.M., and Cresswell, P., 1988, Low molecular weight species in humic and fulvic fractions: Organic Geochemistry, v. 12, no. 1, p. 7-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90110-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a09e4b0c8380cd68a9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, M. A.","contributorId":107649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collin, P. J.","contributorId":45062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collin","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perdue, E. Michael","contributorId":86904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perdue","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cresswell, P.","contributorId":39949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cresswell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014414,"text":"70014414 - 1988 - The representativeness of pore water samples collected from the unsaturated zone using pressure-vacuum lysimeters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T17:23:17.897089","indexId":"70014414","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1863,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The representativeness of pore water samples collected from the unsaturated zone using pressure-vacuum lysimeters","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pressure-vacuum lysimeters are an inexpensive means of collecting numerous water samples from the same location in the unsaturated zone over a period of time. However, prior studies have indicated that the chemistry of water samples may be altered by the collection technique, creating concern about the representativeness of the pore water samples obtained. A study conducted using soil water pressure-vacuum lysimeters in outwash sand and glacial till deposits demonstrates that for non-dilute-solution samples the effect on pH of sampling with lysimeters is minimal, and that measured major cation and anion concentrations are representative of the natural pore water; trace-metal concentrations can be significantly altered by collection procedures at low concentrations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1988.tb00995.x","usgsCitation":"Peters, C.A., and Healy, R.W., 1988, The representativeness of pore water samples collected from the unsaturated zone using pressure-vacuum lysimeters: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 8, no. 2, p. 96-101, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1988.tb00995.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf33e4b08c986b324616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Charles A. capeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Charles","email":"capeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":368350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014419,"text":"70014419 - 1988 - A tentative protocol for measurement of radon availability from the ground","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-16T15:31:46.948915","indexId":"70014419","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3223,"text":"Radiation Protection Dosimetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tentative protocol for measurement of radon availability from the ground","docAbstract":"<p><span>A procedure is being tested in order to determine its suitability for assessing the intrinsic ability of the ground at a particular site to supply&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup><span>Rn to a basement structure to be built on the site. Soil gas is sucked from a borehole probe through an alpha scintillation chamber and flow meter by a pump. The permeability of the soil is calculated from the flow rate and the pressure difference between the atmosphere and the borehole at the intake point. The diffusion coefficient is estimated from the water fraction in the soil pores. The upward migration distance for radon in such soil during one mean life is computed from an arbitrary steady pressure difference. This mean migration distance, multiplied by the measured radon concentration, gives the 'radon availability number'. Measurements at sites of known indoor radon concentration suggest that numbers below 2 kBq.m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;indicate litte chance of elevated indoor radon and above 20 kBq.m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;indicate that elevated indoor radon is likely. The range of uncertainty and the point-to-point and seasonal variations to be expected are under investigation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080246","issn":"01448420","usgsCitation":"Tanner, A., 1988, A tentative protocol for measurement of radon availability from the ground: Radiation Protection Dosimetry, v. 24, no. 1-4, p. 79-83, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080246.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f5e4b0c8380cd47062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014160,"text":"70014160 - 1988 - Hydrodynamics of Denver basin: Explanation of subnormal fluid pressures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T15:50:27.948092","indexId":"70014160","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrodynamics of Denver basin: Explanation of subnormal fluid pressures","docAbstract":"<p>Anomalously low fluid potential (and hence subnormal fluid pressure) is found in Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks of the Denver basin. The potentiometric surface for the Dakota and basal Cretaceous sandstones is 2,000-3,000 ft (600-900 m) beneath the land surface in parts of the Denver basin in Colorado and Nebraska. The potentiometric surface for pre-Pennsylvanian carbonate rocks is 1,500 ft (450 m) lower than the potentiometric surface for the Dakota Sandstone in southeastern Colorado and western Kansas. The low fluid potential seems especially anomalous considering the high elevation of the outcrops along the Laramie and Front Ranges and the Black Hills.</p><p>A quasi-three-dimensional numerical flow model is used to investigate the regional flow system in the Denver basin and adjacent Mid-Continent. The model simulates flow through the entire Phanerozoic sedimentary column and indicates that subnormal pressures are a consequence of hydraulic insulation of the strata within the basin from their recharge zones as compared to their discharge zones. The Dakota Sandstone and underlying hydrostratigraphic units are insulated from the overlying water table by low-permeability shales of Cretaceous age, and from their own high-elevation outcrops by a zone of low permeability coincident with the basin deep. Subnormal pressures in the area of Denver, Colorado, and southward are further enhanced by faulting along the Front Range that isolates the stra a within the basin from their outcrops. The results of this study show that (1) subnormal fluid pressures can be explained as a consequence of steady-state regional ground-water flow, (2) shale is an important factor in the regional flow system, and (3) depth is an important control on the distribution of hydraulic conductivity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/703C999C-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Belitz, K., and Bredehoeft, J.D., 1988, Hydrodynamics of Denver basin: Explanation of subnormal fluid pressures: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 72, no. 11, p. 1334-1359, https://doi.org/10.1306/703C999C-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1334","endPage":"1359","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226136,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Denver basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.40130307963295,\n              37.43273547761615\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.90669024004416,\n              37.278349382185866\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.73123888547872,\n              43.12625436891602\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46272051147162,\n              43.243836203561045\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.40130307963295,\n              37.43273547761615\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a333fe4b0c8380cd5ee62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":86747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014421,"text":"70014421 - 1988 - Effects of sulfur dioxide emissions on stream chemistry in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:05:57","indexId":"70014421","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sulfur dioxide emissions on stream chemistry in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 20-year record of water chemistry for seven headwater streams in the Rocky Mountain region of the western United States is compared to estimates of local and regional sulfur dioxide emissions for the same period. Emissions from smelters in the region comprise a significant part of sulfur dioxide emissions for the 11 states upwind of acid-sensitive watersheds in the Rocky Mountains, but smelter emissions have steadily decreased since 1970. Analysis of stream chemistry indicates conservative behavior of watershed sulfate, with atmospheric deposition as the dominant source of sulfate. No relation between regional stream chemistry and smelter or regional sulfur dioxide emissions is detected for the watersheds. Local emissions trends, however, do appear to affect sulfate concentrations in the streams. Year-to-year variability in stream sulfate concentration is much greater than any long-term trends that might be inferred.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i006p00871","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K., and Turk, J., 1988, Effects of sulfur dioxide emissions on stream chemistry in the western United States: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 6, p. 871-878, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i006p00871.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"878","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e8e4b0c8380cd518c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":368361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014149,"text":"70014149 - 1988 - Selenium in the Kendrick recalamation project, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014149","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Selenium in the Kendrick recalamation project, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations of selenium in water, bottom sediment, and biota were noted during a reconnaissance investigation of the Kendrick Reclamation Project in central Wyoming. Dissolved-selenium concentrations in 11 of 24 samples of surface or ground water exceeded the national drinking-water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Bottom-sediment samples contained concentrations of several elements, including selenium, that were greater than baseline concentrations in soils of western states. Samples of biota from several trophic levels at four wetlands contained selenium at concentrations associated with physiological problems and abnormalities as reported in laboratory studies and previously published literature.","conferenceTitle":"Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century","conferenceDate":"18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988","conferenceLocation":"Lincoln, NE, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626660","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.A., 1988, Selenium in the Kendrick recalamation project, Wyoming, Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage in the 21st Century, Lincoln, NE, USA, 18 July 1988 through 21 July 1988, p. 678-685.","startPage":"678","endPage":"685","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf7e4b08c986b3181e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David A. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":1742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014148,"text":"70014148 - 1988 - Methane cycling in the sediments of Lake Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T14:16:14","indexId":"70014148","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane cycling in the sediments of Lake Washington","docAbstract":"About half of the methane flux from depth is oxidized to CO2 in the upper 0.7 cm of the sediments and the remainder escapes into the water column. In terms of the total carbon budget of the lake, the upward flux of methane is insignificant with only about 2% of the carbon fixed by primary production being returned as methane. The upward flux of methane, however, does represent about 20% of the organic carbon decomposed within the sediments. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and OCeanography","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., Murray, J., Devol, A., Lidstrom, M., and Reimers, C., 1988, Methane cycling in the sediments of Lake Washington: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 33, no. 4, p. 571-581.","startPage":"571","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267944,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_33/issue_4/0571.pdf"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5523e4b0c8380cd6d137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, J.W.","contributorId":53540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Devol, A.H.","contributorId":16171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devol","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lidstrom, M.E.","contributorId":93207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidstrom","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reimers, C.E.","contributorId":85730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimers","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014147,"text":"70014147 - 1988 - Sedimentary biomarker and isotopic indicators of the paleoclimatic history of the Walker Lake basin, western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T20:52:52.708051","indexId":"70014147","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary biomarker and isotopic indicators of the paleoclimatic history of the Walker Lake basin, western Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>Walker Lake, a terminal saline lake in western Nevada, has experienced major fluctuations in its water level due to changes in the regional climate during Quaternary times. As part of a paleo-climatological study of western Nevada, we have investigated organic matter&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><i>C</i><span>&nbsp;and C/N values and lipid biomarker contents of sediments deposited at various periods over the past 150 thousand years of lake history. Surficial sediments from two cross-lake transects contain mostly lake-derived organic matter. Diagenetic losses of organic matter are evident in deeper sediments, and the proportion of aquatic and terrigenous organic materials changes in response to variations in preservational factors. Source identification of organic matter is complicated by the probability that Walker Lake has experienced desiccation at various times in its history which impacts the degree of preservation of organic substances.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(88)90104-0","usgsCitation":"Meyers, P., and Benson, L.V., 1988, Sedimentary biomarker and isotopic indicators of the paleoclimatic history of the Walker Lake basin, western Nevada: Organic Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 4-6, p. 807-813, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90104-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"813","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90104-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Walker Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.77679424485856,\n              38.810570409772254\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.77679424485856,\n              38.59042632666018\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.636087650418,\n              38.59042632666018\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.636087650418,\n              38.810570409772254\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.77679424485856,\n              38.810570409772254\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a16e4b08c986b317017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, P.A.","contributorId":53527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014425,"text":"70014425 - 1988 - Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T12:32:57.237036","indexId":"70014425","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15571787\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Icebergs and sea ice rework the sediments of high-latitude shelves, producing modern diamicts (ice-keel turbates) unrelated to glacial proximity. Off Antarctica, sidescan sonar data indicate the presence of ice-gouge features formed by the physical interaction between ice keels and the sea bed. These are recognized as incisions a few metres deep and tens of metres wide, in water depths up to 500 m. On the submarine bank tops and slopes off Wilkes Land and in the Weddell Sea, subcircular depressions 30 to 150 m in diameter, a washboard pattern, and hummocky bed features also represent iceberg-resting sites. The freshness of sea-bed morphology, nearby Holocene sediment ponding, and active hydraulic sedimentary processes indicate that the sea floor is being reworked by iceberg keels. Tabular iceberg drafts in excess of 330 m have been measured, and modeling studies suggest that nontabular iceberg drafts of 500 m are possible. We conclude that a modern ice-keel turbate deposit in the form of a poorly stratified diamicton is probably widespread on that part (54%) of the Antarctic shelf less than 500 m deep.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<1130:IRSSTM>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Barnes, P.W., and Lien, R., 1988, Icebergs rework shelf sediments to 500 m off Antarctica: Geology, v. 16, no. 12, p. 1130-1133, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<1130:IRSSTM>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1130","endPage":"1133","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37fce4b0c8380cd6133c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, P. W.","contributorId":8819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lien, R.","contributorId":104637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lien","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014432,"text":"70014432 - 1988 - A statistical evaluation of formation disturbance produced by well- casing installation methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:15:48","indexId":"70014432","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical evaluation of formation disturbance produced by well- casing installation methods","docAbstract":"Water-resources investigations concerned with contaminant transport through aquifers comprised of very loose, unconsolidated sediments have shown that small-scale variations in aquifer characteristics can significantly affect solute transport and dispersion. Commonly, measurement accuracy and resolution have been limited by a borehole environment consisting of an annulus of disturbed sediments produced by the casing-installation method. In an attempt to quantify this disturbance and recognize its impact on the characterization of unconsolidated deposits, three installation methods were examined and compared in a sand-and-gravel outwash at a test site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. These installation methods were: 1) casing installed in a mud-rotary hole; 2) casing installed in an augered hole; and 3) flush-joint steel casing hammer-driven from land surface. Fifteen wells were logged with epithermal neutron and natural gamma tools. Concludes that augering is the most disruptive of the three casing-installation methods and that driving casing directly, though typically a more time-consuming operation, transmits the least amount of disturbance into the surrounding formation. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00385.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., LeBlanc, D.R., and Teasdale, W., 1988, A statistical evaluation of formation disturbance produced by well- casing installation methods: Ground Water, v. 26, no. 2, p. 207-217, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00385.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.83984375,\n              41.6154423246811\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.862060546875,\n              41.6154423246811\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.862060546875,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83984375,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.83984375,\n              41.6154423246811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5afe4b0c8380cd46efb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teasdale, W.E.","contributorId":50177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teasdale","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014136,"text":"70014136 - 1988 - Ice gouge processes in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014136","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3519,"text":"Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice gouge processes in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"A generalized picture of ice gouge characteristics from shallow inshore depths to the outer shelf at about 60 m of water is presented. Data from recent studies show that the size and quantity of gouging increases in an offshore direction to depths of about 45 m where this trend then reverses and the features decrease in size and quantity as the shelf break is approached. Ice gouges are oriented east-west and this suggests that most gouging is caused by ice approaching from the east, possibly driven by the Beaufort Sea gyre. The most intense gouging occurs in the stamukhi zone, between 20 and 40 m of water, and is caused by a high rate of ice keel production owing to shearing forces between mobile and stable sea ice. Inshore of the stamukhi zone, ice gouging still presents a significant hazard but their greatly decreased size and number make it possible to design against this hazard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","isbn":"0872626393; 0872626393","usgsCitation":"Rearic, D.M., and Ticken, E.J., 1988, Ice gouge processes in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph, p. 85-107.","startPage":"85","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37eee4b0c8380cd612c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rearic, Douglas M.","contributorId":52969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rearic","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ticken, Edward J.","contributorId":32688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ticken","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014434,"text":"70014434 - 1988 - Calibration of water-velocity meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014434","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Calibration of water-velocity meters","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, as part of its responsibility to appraise the quantity of water resources in the United States, maintains facilities for the calibration of water-velocity meters at the Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center's Hydraulic Laboratory Facility, NSTL, Mississippi. These meters are used in hydrologic studies by the Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of Energy, state agencies, universities, and others in the public and private sector. This paper describes calibration facilities, types of water-velocity meters calibrated, and calibration standards, methods and results.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872626709; 0872626709","usgsCitation":"Kaehrle, W.R., and Bowie, J.E., 1988, Calibration of water-velocity meters, Hydraulic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1988 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, 8 August 1988 through 12 August 1988, p. 60-65.","startPage":"60","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f319e4b0c8380cd4b5d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaehrle, William R.","contributorId":68044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehrle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowie, James E.","contributorId":29393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowie","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014442,"text":"70014442 - 1988 - Using exogenous variables in testing for monotonic trends in hydrologic time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:06:06","indexId":"70014442","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using exogenous variables in testing for monotonic trends in hydrologic time series","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content mainAbstract\"><p>One approach that has been used in performing a nonparametric test for monotonic trend in a hydrologic time series consists of a two-stage analysis. First, a regression equation is estimated for the variable being tested as a function of an exogenous variable. A nonparametric trend test such as the Kendall test is then performed on the residuals from the equation. By analogy to stagewise regression and through Monte Carlo experiments, it is demonstrated that this approach will tend to underestimate the magnitude of the trend and to result in some loss in power as a result of ignoring the interaction between the exogenous variable and time. An alternative approach, referred to as the adjusted variable Kendall test, is demonstrated to generally have increased statistical power and to provide more reliable estimates of the trend slope. In addition, the utility of including an exogenous variable in a trend test is examined under selected conditions.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i011p01955","usgsCitation":"Alley, W.M., 1988, Using exogenous variables in testing for monotonic trends in hydrologic time series: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 11, p. 1955-1961, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i011p01955.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1955","endPage":"1961","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc04be4b08c986b32a042","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014445,"text":"70014445 - 1988 - Deuterium in interstitial water from deep-sea cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:02:47.571472","indexId":"70014445","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deuterium in interstitial water from deep-sea cores","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions Deep Earth Sampling project, the interstitial waters of cores from 69 holes were sampled for deuterium analysis. Sixteen of the cores penetrated sediments as old as Eocene, and several sampled Cretaceous sediments, which allowed us to examine changes in the deuterium content of the oceans with time. Deuterium is shown to be a conservative constituent of the pore water. Its abundance in the pore fluids can be changed by diffusion, but the rate is slow, and corrections for this effect have been made. Changes in the abundance of deuterium can be related to changes in the amount of ice stored in continental glaciers, inasmuch as precipitation in the form of snow is highly depleted in deuterium compared with the oceans. Many of the cores show a change in isotopic composition of samples from early to late Miocene that can be ascribed to the buildup of the Antarctic ice sheets. After correcting for the role of diffusion in reducing the isotopic contrast between samples from a single core, we estimate an increase of 10 per mil (‰) δD (corresponding to a° δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O change of about 1.2‰) between the early and late Miocene. A similiar analysis of Pleistocene to Holocene changes indicates a δD rise of 8‰ during the time of maximum continental ice, which corresponds to a δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O increase of about 1.0‰. On the basis of limited data, we find no δD change in the oceans from Cretaceous to Miocene.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC093iC07p08249","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., and Hardcastle, K., 1988, Deuterium in interstitial water from deep-sea cores: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. C7, p. 8249-8263, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC07p08249.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"8249","endPage":"8263","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"C7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0004e4b0c8380cd4f539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardcastle, K.","contributorId":45825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardcastle","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014447,"text":"70014447 - 1988 - Stable isotope geochemistry of sphalerite and other mineral matter in coal beds of the Illinois and Forest City basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T15:39:57.267954","indexId":"70014447","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope geochemistry of sphalerite and other mineral matter in coal beds of the Illinois and Forest City basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cleat and clastic dikes of Middle Pennsylvanian-age coal beds of the Illinois and Forest City basins of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas locally contain appreciable amounts of sphalerite within a kaolinite-pyrite-sphalerite (+ or - pyrite)-calcite paragenetic sequence. The sphalerite and associated minerals are of interest as a partial record of the history of fluids in the sedimentary basin and as possible indicators of Mississippi Valley-type mineralization. Moreover, zinc from the sphalerite may represent an exploitable by-product of coal mining and combustion.Pyrite is abundant in these coals both as fine-grained disseminated framboids that formed during early diagenesis and as coarser grained cleat fillings, etc., that formed much later. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of this later pyrite, the sphalerite, and the coal organic matter range from -12 to 19 per mil. Within individual samples, however, pyrite, sphalerite, and organic matter sulfur delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values are nearly identical. This similarity strongly suggests related origins. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of pyrite, sphalerite, and organic matter from coals of the Illinois basin and the central and southern Forest City basin range from -12 to 0 per mil. This range is not unique to the sphalerite-bearing coals; pyrite and organic matter from sphalerite-free high sulfur coals have similar delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values (Price and Shieh, 1979). We believe that sulfur produced by the breakdown of organosulfur compounds in the coal is incorporated into the epigenetic sulfides. In the northern Forest City basin, however, many samples have delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values between 8 and 19 per mil. These are similar to the delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of sphalerite and pyrite from the Upper Mississippi Valley Zn-Pb district which lies northeast of the Forest City basin and north of the Illinois basin. This similarity suggests input from a Mississippi Valley-type hydrothermal system.Cleat kaolinite has delta D values of -36 to -24 per mil and delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O values of 19.2 to 20.2 per mil. Assuming that clearing postdated the lignite rank of coalification implies that kaolinite was deposited between 40 degrees and 100 degrees C. At the lower temperatures, the kaolinite fluid would have had an isotopic composition similar to seawater; at the higher temperatures, it would have had a composition similar to the sphalerite-depositing fluid. Sphalerite was deposited from a fluid that was chemically and isotopically similar to the fluids responsible for the main-stage ores of the Upper Mississippi Valley Zn-Pb district (75 degrees -113 degrees C, approximately 21 equiv wt % NaCl, delta D = -65 to -3ppm, and delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O = -0.9-9.9ppm). The isotopic compositions (delta&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>&nbsp;C = -12.4 to -2.7ppm and delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O = 21.1-25.8ppm) and paragenetic positions of the cleat calcite samples are similar to those of the late-stage calcite of the Upper Mississippi Valley Zn-Pb and Illinois-Kentucky fluorspar districts. Calcite inclusion fluids had delta D (sub H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;O) values of -80 and -58 per mil, implying a meteoric water source. At probable temperatures of 15 degrees to 75 degrees C, this calcite formed from fluids having calculated delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O (sub H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;O) values of -9 to 1 per mil, implying slight to moderate exchange with sedimentary rocks. The diagenetic-epigenetic history of fluids recorded by the cleat minerals probably began with a slightly evolved seawater, followed by a metal-bearing deep basin brine, and concluded with a cooler, slightly evolved, meteoric-water fluid.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.5.990","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Whelan, J.F., Cobb, J., and Rye, R.O., 1988, Stable isotope geochemistry of sphalerite and other mineral matter in coal beds of the Illinois and Forest City basins: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 5, p. 990-1007, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.5.990.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"990","endPage":"1007","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225640,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9679e4b08c986b31b51e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobb, J.C.","contributorId":103419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014451,"text":"70014451 - 1988 - Preliminary observations of streamflow generation during storms in a forested Piedmont watershed using temperature as a tracer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:36:55.997833","indexId":"70014451","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary observations of streamflow generation during storms in a forested Piedmont watershed using temperature as a tracer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Variations in streamwater temperature at the outlet of a 41-ha forested watershed at Panola Mountain in the Georgia Piedmont indicate that the initial rapid hydrologic response is caused by a combination of groundwater discharge and channel interception of rainwater. A storm in May 1986 caused a rapid increase in discharge that was accompanied by a decrease in streamwater temperature and a rise in the water table level adjacent to the stream. The higher water table provided the hydraulic gradient necessary to increase the discharge of colder groundwater to the stream. Storms that occurred under very dry antecedent conditions in July 1986 and June 1987 caused a rapid hydrologic response but no change in water table level, indicating the response was caused by channel interception of rainwater. This conclusion was supported by increases in streamwater temperature in the June storm and by chemical changes in the July storm. When rainfall is sufficient, flow in the ephemeral part of the stream in the catchment headwaters generates a second and larger discharge peak that reflects the chemistry and temperature of runoff from a 3-ha granite outcrop in the headwaters; sulfate concentration and temperature increase and alkalinity decreases relative to prestorm conditions. The initial response, however, results from channel interception and groundwater discharge. Rapid rises in the water table level during some storms suggest that macropore flow may play a major role in the hydrologic response of the watershed to rainstorms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(88)90040-X","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., and Peters, N., 1988, Preliminary observations of streamflow generation during storms in a forested Piedmont watershed using temperature as a tracer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 3, no. 2-4, p. 349-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(88)90040-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8936e4b0c8380cd7dd41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014454,"text":"70014454 - 1988 - Sorption of vapors of some organic liquids on soil humic acid and its relation to partitioning of organic compounds in soil organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T13:34:48","indexId":"70014454","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of vapors of some organic liquids on soil humic acid and its relation to partitioning of organic compounds in soil organic matter","docAbstract":"<p>Vapor sorption of water, ethanol, benzene, hexane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,2-dibromoethane on (Sanhedron) soil humic acid has been determined at room temperature. Isotherms for all organic liquids are highly linear over a wide range of relative pressure, characteristic of the partitioning (dissolution) of the organic compounds in soil humic acid. Polar liquids exhibit markedly greater sorption capacities on soil humic acid than relatively nonpolar liquids, in keeping with the polar nature of the soil humic acid as a partition medium. The limiting sorption (partition) capacities of relatively non-polar liquids are remarkably similar when expressed in terms of volumes per unit weight of soil humic acid. The soil humic acid is found to be about half as effective as soil organic matter in sorption of relatively nonpolar organic compounds. The nearly constant limiting sorption capacity for nonpolar organic liquids with soil humic acid on a volume-to-weight basis and its efficiency in sorption relative to soil organic matter provide a basis for predicting the approximate sorption (partition) coefficients of similar compounds in uptake by soil in aqueous systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00168a010","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chlou, G., Kile, D.E., and Malcolm, R., 1988, Sorption of vapors of some organic liquids on soil humic acid and its relation to partitioning of organic compounds in soil organic matter: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 298-303, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00168a010.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9310e4b08c986b31a27d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chlou, G.T.","contributorId":98475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chlou","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014460,"text":"70014460 - 1988 - Determining the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured limestone aquifer by simultaneous injection and geophysical logging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:12:59","indexId":"70014460","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured limestone aquifer by simultaneous injection and geophysical logging","docAbstract":"A field technique for assessing the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer was applied to a fractured carbonate formation in southeastern Nevada. The technique combines the simultaneous use of fluid injection and geophysical logging to measure in situ vertical distributions of fluid velocity and hydraulic head down the borehole; these data subsequently are analyzed to arrive at quantitative estimates of hydraulic conductivity across discrete intervals in the aquifer. The results of this analysis identified the contact margin between the Anchor and Dawn Members of the Monte Cristo Limestone as being the dominant transmissive unit. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00792.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Hess, A., and Paillet, F.L., 1988, Determining the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured limestone aquifer by simultaneous injection and geophysical logging: Ground Water, v. 26, no. 5, p. 587-595, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00792.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"595","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.521484375,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.99414062499999,\n              39.06184913429154\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.8623046875,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.828125,\n              39.36827914916014\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6416015625,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.521484375,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fff5e4b0c8380cd4f4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, A.E.","contributorId":71979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014462,"text":"70014462 - 1988 - Gold and other metals in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) as an exploration tool, Gold Run District, Humboldt County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T23:47:39.989859","indexId":"70014462","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gold and other metals in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) as an exploration tool, Gold Run District, Humboldt County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id6\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p>Big sagebrush — a cold-desert species that dominates the terrain over large parts of western United States — was sampled along several traverses that crossed thermally metamorphosed limestone, phyllitic shale, and schist of the Middle and Upper Cambrian Preble Formation that host skarn-, disseminated gold and silver-, and hot springs gold-type mineral occurrences. Patterns of detectable levels of gold (8 to 28 ppb or ng g<sup>−1</sup>) in ash of new growth were consistent with areas affected by known or suspected gold mineralization. Soils collected along one of the traverses where a selenium-indicator plant was common contained no gold above background levels of 2ppb, but were consistently high in As, Sb, and Zn, and several samples were unusually high in Se (maximum 11 ppm or μg g<sup>−1</sup>). Sagebrush along this traverse contained Li at levels above norms for this species. We also found a puzzling geochemical anomaly at a site basinward from active hot springs along a range-front fault scarp. Sagebrush at this site contained a trace of gold and an unusually high concentration of Cd (13 ppm) and the soil had anomalous concentrations of Cd and Bi (3.2 and 6 ppm, respectively). The source of this anomaly could be either metal-rich waters from an irrigation ditch or leakage along a buried fault. Despite the limited nature of the study, we conclude that gold in sagebrush could be a cost-effective guide to drilling locations in areas where the geology seems favorable for disseminated and vein precious metals.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(88)90065-9","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Erdman, J.A., Cookro, T., O’Leary, R.M., and Harms, T.F., 1988, Gold and other metals in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) as an exploration tool, Gold Run District, Humboldt County, Nevada: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 30, no. 1-3, p. 287-308, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(88)90065-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a297ae4b0c8380cd5a9a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdman, J. A.","contributorId":59786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cookro, T. M.","contributorId":81495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cookro","given":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Leary, R. M.","contributorId":44894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harms, T. F.","contributorId":76752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harms","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013789,"text":"70013789 - 1988 - Assessment of ground-water contamination near Lantana landfill, Southeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T11:20:27.156272","indexId":"70013789","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of ground-water contamination near Lantana landfill, Southeast Florida","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The Lantana landfill located in Palm Beach County rises 40 to 50 feet above normal ground level and consists of about 250 acres of compacted garbage and trash, some below the water table. Surface-resistivity measurements and water-quality analyses indicate a contaminant plume along the eastern perimeter of the landfill that has migrated about 300 feet eastward toward an adjacent lake. Concentrations of chloride, ammonia, and nitrate were elevated within the plume. The surficial aquifer consists primarily of sand from 0 to about 68 feet, and sand interbedded with sandstone and limestone from 68 to 220 feet. A slight hydraulic gradient exists, indicating ground-water movement from the landfill toward a lake to the east. Analyses of geoelectric, lithologic, and water-quality data indicate that surface geophysical techniques were successful in determining the areal and vertical extent of leachate migration at this location.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00378.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Russell, G., and Higer, A., 1988, Assessment of ground-water contamination near Lantana landfill, Southeast Florida: Groundwater, v. 26, no. 2, p. 156-164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00378.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee35e4b0c8380cd49c1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, G.M.","contributorId":106154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higer, A.L.","contributorId":8501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higer","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013709,"text":"70013709 - 1988 - Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:32","indexId":"70013709","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States","docAbstract":"Degradation of water quality related to oxidation of iron disulfide minerals associated with coal is a naturally occurring process that has been observed since the late seventeenth century, many years before commencement of commercial coal mining in the United States. Disturbing coal strata during mining operations accelerates this natural deterioration of water quality by exposing greater surface areas of reactive minerals to the weathering effects of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Degraded water quality in the temperate eastern half of the United States is readily detected because of the low mineralization of natural water. Maps are presented showing areas in the eastern United States where concentrations of chemical constituents in water affected by coal mining (pH, dissolved sulfate, total iron, total manganese) exceed background values and indicate effects of coal mining. Areas in the East most affected by mine drainage are in western Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, western Maryland, West Virginia, southern Illinois, western Kentucky, northern Missouri, and southern Iowa. Effects of coal mining on water quality in the more arid western half of the United States are more difficult to detect because of the high degree of mineralization of natural water. Normal background concentrations of constituents are not useful in evaluating effects of coal mine drainage on streams in the more arid West. Three approaches to reduce the effects of coal mining on water quality are: (1) exclusion of oxygenated water from reactive minerals, (2) neutralization of the acid produced, (3) retardation of acid-producing bacteria population in spoil material, by application of detergents that do not produce byproducts requiring disposal. These approaches can be used to help prevent further degradation of water quality in streams by future mining. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02580450","issn":"00990094","usgsCitation":"Powell, J.D., 1988, Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the United States: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 11, no. 2, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02580450.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02580450"},{"id":220661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70b7e4b0c8380cd761c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, J. D.","contributorId":29828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013755,"text":"70013755 - 1988 - Columbia Bay, Alaska: An 'upside down' estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-05T18:28:11.101904","indexId":"70013755","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Columbia Bay, Alaska: An 'upside down' estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Circulation and water properties within Columbia Bay, Alaska, are dominated by the effects of Columbia Glacier at the head of the Bay. The basin between the glacier terminus and the terminal moraine (sill depth of about 22 m) responds as an ‘upside down’ estuary with the subglacial discharge of freshwater entering at the bottom of the basin. The intense vertical mixing caused by the bouyant plume of freshwater creates a homogeneous water mass that exchanges with the far-field water through either a two- or a three-layer flow. In general, the glacier acts as a large heat sink and creates a water mass which is cooler than that in fjords without tidewater glaciers. The predicted retreat of Columbia Glacier would create a 40 km long fjord that has characteristics in common with other fjords in Prince William Sound.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(88)90037-6","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., Josberger, E., and Driedger, C.L., 1988, Columbia Bay, Alaska: An 'upside down' estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 26, no. 6, p. 607-617, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(88)90037-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"617","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.1703347960633,\n              60.94871704435826\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.03930202977872,\n              60.94517622667948\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9992047476697,\n              60.95036862872803\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.93504909629522,\n              60.98604346821466\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9056444227487,\n              61.02685822073474\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9243564877329,\n              61.04692241618176\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.98858600449472,\n              61.07270649667444\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.00865983779067,\n              61.089580867265994\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.0206890224233,\n              61.115416571124825\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.93381157785387,\n              61.13671514213945\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9658894035411,\n              61.15735459345197\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9498504906975,\n              61.1902208362967\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.00999641386096,\n              61.20116863964486\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.05410342418082,\n              61.1857118114151\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.10756646699292,\n              61.170247399055626\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.14900032517224,\n              61.17218086544628\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.21449255261695,\n              61.1902208362967\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.27864820399142,\n              61.180557850104265\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.28132135613197,\n              61.16444628860765\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.22251200903878,\n              61.14510154675949\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.18904686104744,\n              61.12992757515542\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.1275643618137,\n              61.12347359213149\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.12622778574342,\n              61.106041251531394\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.19973946960997,\n              61.113144476736096\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.21043207817232,\n              61.101520186352616\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.1810274046258,\n              61.08859929538238\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.14093012251675,\n              61.084075736681626\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.12622778574342,\n              61.073087259067904\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.11553517718107,\n              61.051745794380025\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.17434452427426,\n              61.04009893443575\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.15563245928993,\n              61.02844779472787\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.1609787635712,\n              60.99735715725802\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.19305658925842,\n              60.988931534822285\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.1703347960633,\n              60.94871704435826\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7cae4b0c8380cd4ccdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, R. A.","contributorId":34174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driedger, C. L.","contributorId":101656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013756,"text":"70013756 - 1988 - Statistical Methods and Sampling Design for Estimating Step Trends in Surface-Water Quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:36:35","indexId":"70013756","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical Methods and Sampling Design for Estimating Step Trends in Surface-Water Quality","docAbstract":"This paper addresses two components of the problem of estimating the magnitude of step trends in surface water quality. The first is finding a robust estimator appropriate to the data characteristics expected in water-quality time series. The J. L. Hodges-E. L. Lehmann class of estimators is found to be robust in comparison to other nonparametric and moment-based estimators. A seasonal Hodges-Lehmann estimator is developed and shown to have desirable properties. Second, the effectiveness of various sampling strategies is examined using Monte Carlo simulation coupled with application of this estimator. The simulation is based on a large set of total phosphorus data from the Potomac River. To assure that the simulated records have realistic properties, the data are modeled in a multiplicative fashion incorporating flow, hysteresis, seasonal, and noise components. The results demonstrate the importance of balancing the length of the two sampling periods and balancing the number of data values between the two periods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00899.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 1988, Statistical Methods and Sampling Design for Estimating Step Trends in Surface-Water Quality: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 493-503, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00899.x.","startPage":"493","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267759,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00899.x"},{"id":220665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf8be4b0c8380cd87658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013732,"text":"70013732 - 1988 - Atmospheric deposition effects on the chemistry of a stream in Northeastern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T15:03:23.47676","indexId":"70013732","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric deposition effects on the chemistry of a stream in Northeastern Georgia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The quantity and quality of precipitation and streamwater were measured from August 1985 through September 1986 in the Brier Creek watershed, a 440-ha drainage in the Southern Blue Ridge Province of northeastern Georgia, to determine stream sensitivity to acidic deposition. Precipitation samples collected at 2 sites had a volume-weighted average pH of 4.40 whereas stream samples collected near the mouth of Brier Creek had a discharge-weighted average pH of 6.70. Computed solute fluxes through the watershed and observed changes in streamwater chemistry during storm flow suggest that cation exchange, mineral weathering, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;adsorption by the soil, and groundwater discharge to the stream are probable factors affecting neutralization of precipitation acidity. Net solute fluxes for the watershed indicate that, of the precipitation input, &gt; 99% of the H</span><sup>+</sup><span>, 93% of the NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;and NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup><span>, and 77% of the SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;were retained. Sources within the watershed yielded base cations, Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span>, and HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;and accounted for 84, 47, and 100% of the net transport, respectively. Although streamwater SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;and NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;concentrations increased during stormflow, peak concentrations of these anions were much less than average concentrations in the precipitation. This suggests retention of these solutes occurs even when water residence time is short.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00279474","usgsCitation":"Buell, G.R., and Peters, N., 1988, Atmospheric deposition effects on the chemistry of a stream in Northeastern Georgia: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 275-291, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279474.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378116,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00279474","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.39697265625,\n              34.243594729697406\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.045654296875,\n              34.243594729697406\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.045654296875,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.39697265625,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.39697265625,\n              34.243594729697406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eebfe4b0c8380cd49f16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buell, G. R.","contributorId":57103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013731,"text":"70013731 - 1988 - Trends in lead concentrations in major U.S. rivers and their relation to historical changes in gasoline-lead consumption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:37:18","indexId":"70013731","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in lead concentrations in major U.S. rivers and their relation to historical changes in gasoline-lead consumption","docAbstract":"Declines in concentrations of dissolved lead occurred at nearly two-thirds of 306 locations on major U.S. rivers from 1974 to 1985. Declines in dissolved lead concentrations are statistically significant (p < 0.10) at approximately one-third of the sampling locations. Statistically significant increases in dissolved lead concentrations occurred at only 6 percent of the sites, but are clustered in the Texas-Gulf and Lower Mississippi region. Possible explanations for the observed trends in lead concentrations are tested through comparisons with (1) records of lead discharges from major sources including leaded-gasoline consumption and municipal- and industrial-point source discharges, (2) trends in various water-quality constituents such as pH and total alkalinity, and (3) basin characteristics such as drainage area. Statistically significant declines in lead concentrations in streams and gasoline lead (i.e., the largest source of lead at these sites) are highly coincident for the 1979 to 1980 period at most sampling locations. The greatest amount of decline in gasoline lead occurred at sites showing statistically significant downtrends in stream concentrations of lead from 1974 to 1985. No more than 5 percent of the trends in stream lead are influenced by municipal- and industrial-point sources of lead. Factors that affect the transport of dissolved lead, including lead solubility, suspended sediment, and basin characteristics such as drainage basin size, are not significantly related to trends in dissolved lead. Trends in streamflow explain no more than 7 percent of the downtrends in concentrations of lead and may partly explain the frequent increases in lead concentrations in the Texas-Gulf and Lower Mississippi regions.Declines in concentrations of dissolved lead occurred at nearly two-thirds of 306 locations on major US rivers from 1974 to 1985. Declines in dissolved lead concentrations are statistically significant at approximately one-third of the sampling locations. Statistically significant increases in dissolved lead concentrations occurred at only 6 percent of the sites, but are clustered in the Texas-Gulf and Lower Mississippi regions. Possible explanations for the observed trends in lead concentrations are tested through comparisons with records of lead discharges from major sources including leaded-gasoline consumption and municipal- and industrial-point source discharges, trends in various water-quality constituents such as pH and total alkalinity, and basin characteristics such as drainage area. Study results are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00905.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., and Smith, R.A., 1988, Trends in lead concentrations in major U.S. rivers and their relation to historical changes in gasoline-lead consumption: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00905.x.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267760,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00905.x"},{"id":220162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7ede4b08c986b327587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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