A series of field and laboratory experiments were performed to measure the effects of air encapsulation within the soil's transmission zone upon several infiltration properties. In the field, infiltration rates were measured using a double-cap infiltrometer (DCI), and soil-water contents were measured using time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Before half of the infiltration experiments, CO2 was injected through the DCI into the soil to reduce the amount of air encapsulation in the soil's transmission zone. For a gravelly loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.38 cm3 cm−3 for control experiments and 0.43 cm3 cm−3 for CO2 experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.42 cm min−1 for the control experiments compared to 4.40 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. For a sandy loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.43 cm3 cm−3 for control experiments compared with 0.45 cm3 cm−3 for CO2 experiments. The average final infiltration rate was 0.09 cm min−1 for the control experiments compared with 0.42 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. In the laboratory, infiltration experiments were performed using repacked soil columns (15-cm i.d. by 140 cm long), again using TDR and CO2 flooding. For a medium sand as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.29 cm3 cm−3 for the control experiments and 0.36 cm3 cm−3 for the CO2 experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.25 cm min−1 for the control experiments and 1.23 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. For a loam as steady infiltration rates were approached, the average volumetric water content was 0.45 cm3 cm−3 for the control experiments and 0.50 cm3 cm−3 for the CO2 experiments. The average steady infiltration rate was 0.02 cm min−1 for the control experiments and 0.10 cm min−1 for the CO2 experiments. These results suggest that a significant portion of the total encapsulated air resided in interconnected pores within the soil's transmission zone. For the time scale considered, this residual air caused the effective hydraulic conductivity of the transmission zone to remain at a level no greater than 20% of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010002x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Herkelrath, W., and Murphy, F., 1988, Air encapsulation during infiltration: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 52, no. 1, p. 10-16, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010002x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e917e4b0c8380cd480bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, F.","contributorId":42358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013713,"text":"70013713 - 1988 - Interrelations among pyroclastic surge, pyroclastic flow, and lahars in Smith Creek valley during first minutes of 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:21","indexId":"70013713","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interrelations among pyroclastic surge, pyroclastic flow, and lahars in Smith Creek valley during first minutes of 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, USA","docAbstract":"A devastating pyroclastic surge and resultant lahars at Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 produced several catastrophic flowages into tributaries on the northeast volcano flank. The tributaries channeled the flows to Smith Creek valley, which lies within the area devastated by the surge but was unaffected by the great debris avalanche on the north flank. Stratigraphy shows that the pyroclastic surge preceded the lahars; there is no notable \"wet\" character to the surge deposits. Therefore the lahars must have originated as snowmelt, not as ejected water-saturated debris that segregated from the pyroclastic surge as has been inferred for other flanks of the volcano. In stratigraphic order the Smith Creek valley-floor materials comprise (1) a complex valley-bottom facies of the pyroclastic surge and a related pyroclastic flow, (2) an unusual hummocky diamict caused by complex mixing of lahars with the dry pyroclastic debris, and (3) deposits of secondary pyroclastic flows. These units are capped by silt containing accretionary lapilli, which began falling from a rapidly expanding mushroom-shaped cloud 20 minutes after the eruption's onset. The Smith Creek valley-bottom pyroclastic facies consists of (a) a weakly graded basal bed of fines-poor granular sand, the deposit of a low-concentration lithic pyroclastic surge, and (b) a bed of very poorly sorted pebble to cobble gravel inversely graded near its base, the deposit of a high-concentration lithic pyroclastic flow. The surge apparently segregated while crossing the steep headwater tributaries of Smith Creek; large fragments that settled from the turbulent surge formed a dense pyroclastic flow along the valley floor that lagged behind the front of the overland surge. The unusual hummocky diamict as thick as 15 m contains large lithic clasts supported by a tough, brown muddy sand matrix like that of lahar deposits upvalley. This unit contains irregular friable lenses and pods meters in diameter, blocks incorporated from the underlying dry and hot pyroclastic material that had been deposited only moments earlier. The hummocky unit is the deposit of a high-viscosity debris flow which formed when lahars mingled with the pyroclastic materials on Smith Creek valley floor. Overlying the debris flow are voluminous pyroclastic deposits of pebbly sand cut by fines-poor gas-escape pipes and containing charred wood. The deposits are thickest in topographic lows along margins of the hummocky diamict. Emplaced several minutes after the hot surge had passed, this is the deposit of numerous secondary pyroclastic flows derived from surge material deposited unstably on steep valley sides. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01073588","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., and Waitt, R., 1988, Interrelations among pyroclastic surge, pyroclastic flow, and lahars in Smith Creek valley during first minutes of 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, no. 5, p. 304-326, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01073588.","startPage":"304","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073588"},{"id":219819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3da3e4b0c8380cd636ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, S.R.","contributorId":42611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waitt, R. B.","contributorId":78766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014717,"text":"70014717 - 1988 - Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18670,"text":"ofr87220 - 1987 - Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow ground water of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"ofr87220","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow ground water of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70014717,"text":"70014717 - 1988 - Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"70014717","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:12:50","indexId":"70014717","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"A study was undertaken to evaluate the processes affecting the chemistry of shallow groundwater associated with agricultural drainage systems in the western San Joaquin Valley, California. The study was prompted by a need for an understanding of selenium mobility in areas having high selenium concentrations in shallow groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected along transects in three artificially drained fields where the age of the drainage system varied (15, 6, and 1.5 years). Selenium concentrations in the drain water also varied (430, 58, and 3700 μg/L, respectively). Isotopic enrichment and chemical composition of the groundwater samples indicate that saline- and selenium-enriched water has evolved as a result of evaporation or transpiration of groundwater. This evaporated, isotopically enriched water is being displaced by more recent, less saline irrigation water percolating through the root zone. This displacement seems to be a process whereby sodium chloride and sodium sulfate water is being replaced by more dilute calcium sulfate and calcium bicarbonate water.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR024i004p00516","usgsCitation":"Deverel, S.J., and Fujii, R., 1988, Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 4, p. 516-524, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i004p00516.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"516","endPage":"524","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8da9e4b0c8380cd7ed51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deverel, S. J.","contributorId":65478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deverel","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":369120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014725,"text":"70014725 - 1988 - The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014725","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes","docAbstract":"Freshwater ice deposits are described from seven, high elevation (4117-4730 m), shallow (mean depth <30 cm), saline (10-103 g l-1) lakes in the southwestern corner of Bolivia. The ice deposits range to several hundred meters in length and to 7 m in height above the lake or playa surface. They are located near the lake or salar margins; some are completely surrounded by water, others by playa deposits or salt crusts. Upper surfaces and sides of the ice deposits usually are covered by 20-40 cm of white to light brown, dry sedimentary materials. Calcite is the dominant crystalline mineral in these, and amorphous materials such as diatom frustules and volcanic glass are also often abundant. Beneath the dry overburden the ice occurs primarily as horizontal lenses 1-1000 mm thick, irregularly alternating with strata of frozen sedimentary materials. Ice represents from 10 to 87% of the volume of the deposits and yields freshwater (TFR <3 g l-1) when melted. Oxygen isotope ratios for ice are similar to those for regional precipitation and shoreline seeps but much lower than those for the lakewaters. Geothermal flux is high in the region as evidenced by numerous hot springs and deep (3.0-3.5 m) sediment temperatures of 5-10??C. This flux is one cause of the present gradual wasting away of these deposits. Mean annual air temperatures for the different lakes probably are all in the range of -2 to 4??C, and mean midwinter temperatures about 5??C lower. These deposits apparently formed during colder climatic conditions by the freezing of low salinity porewaters and the building up of segregation ice lenses. ?? 1988 Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00026285","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Hurlbert, S.H., and Chang, C.C., 1988, The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes: Hydrobiologia, v. 158, no. 1, p. 271-299, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026285.","startPage":"271","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026285"},{"id":225911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baae1e4b08c986b322a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurlbert, S. H.","contributorId":56192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurlbert","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014326,"text":"70014326 - 1988 - KAr ages, chemical composition and geothermal significance of cenozoic basalt near the Jordan rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T18:48:32.008578","indexId":"70014326","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"KAr ages, chemical composition and geothermal significance of cenozoic basalt near the Jordan rift","docAbstract":"Late Cenozoic mafic lavas crop out locally along the Jordan rift. Some of these lavas are spatially associated with thermal springs, and this association has prompted some workers to hypothesize that the hot water derives its thermal energy from the shallow, still hot intrusive roots of the volcanic rocks. However, all of the volcanic rocks appear to represent mantle-derived mafic magma that rose rather quickly to the Earth's surface, without filling crustal reservoirs within which differentiation would have produced evolved, derivative products. Moreover, the lavas are too old and of too small a volume to represent the surface expression of an active reservoir of magma within the crust. These interpretations of the volcanic geology are consistent with conclusions drawn from the chemistry of the thermal water; the water has equilibrated with host rocks at no more than 110°C, probably at depths of 2–3 km. Thus, thermal springs along the Jordan rift appear to reflect heating during circulation through a regional regime of average crustal heat flow (Galanis et at., 1986). The magmatic activity may only be a second or third order contributor to this heat flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(88)90048-X","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., McKee, E., El Salem, F., and Teimeh, M., 1988, KAr ages, chemical composition and geothermal significance of cenozoic basalt near the Jordan rift: Geothermics, v. 17, no. 4, p. 635-644, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(88)90048-X.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"635","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4048e4b0c8380cd64c38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"El Salem, F.","contributorId":87821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"El Salem","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teimeh, M.","contributorId":40863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teimeh","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013745,"text":"70013745 - 1988 - Oxygen isotope variations in granulite-grade iron formations: constraints on oxygen diffusion and retrograde isotopic exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:28","indexId":"70013745","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope variations in granulite-grade iron formations: constraints on oxygen diffusion and retrograde isotopic exchange","docAbstract":"The oxygen isotope ratios of various minerals were measured in a granulite-grade iron formation in the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Estimates of temperature and pressure for the terrane using well calibrated geothermometers and geobarometers are 730??50?? C and 5.5??0.5 kbar. The mineral constraints on fluid compositions in the iron formation during retrogression require either very CO2-rich fluids or no fluid at all. In the iron formation, isotopic temperature estimates from quartz-magnetite fractionations are controlled by the proximity to the enclosing granitic gneiss, and range from 500?? C (??qz - mt=10.0???) within 2-3 meters of the orthogneiss contact to 600?? C (??qz - mt=8.0???) farther from the contact. Temperature estimates from other isotopic thermometers are in good agreement with those derived from the quartz-magnetite fractionations. During prograde metamorphism, the isotopic composition of the iron formation was lowered by the infiltration of an external fluid. Equilibrium was achieved over tens of meters. Closed-system retrograde exchange is consistent with the nearly constant whole-rock ??18Owr value of 8.0??0.6???. The greater ??qz-mt values in the iron formation near the orthogneiss contact are most likely due to a lower oxygen blocking temperature related to greater exchange-ability of deformed minerals at the contact. Cooling rates required to preserve the quartz-magnetite fractionations in the central portion of the iron formation are unreasonably high (???800?? C/Ma). In order to preserve the 600?? C isotopic temperature, the diffusion coefficient D (for ??-quartz) should be two orders of magnitude lower than the experimentally determined value of 2.5??10-16 cm2/s at 833 K. There are no values for the activation energy (Q) and pre-exponential diffusion coefficient (D0), consistent with the experimentally determined values, that will result in reasonable cooling rates for the Wind River iron formation. The discrepancy between the diffusion coefficient inferred from the Wind River terrane and that measured experimentally is almost certainly due to the enhancement of exchange by the presence of water in the laboratory experiments. Cooling rate estimates were also determined for iron formation retrograded under water-rich conditions. Application of the experimentally determined data to these rocks results in a reasonable cooling rate estimate, supporting the conclusion that the presence of water greatly enhances oxygen diffusion. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00372366","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Sharp, Z., O’Neil, J.R., and Essene, E., 1988, Oxygen isotope variations in granulite-grade iron formations: constraints on oxygen diffusion and retrograde isotopic exchange: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 98, no. 4, p. 490-501, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372366.","startPage":"490","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480008,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/47346>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372366"},{"id":220500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72ade4b0c8380cd76c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, Z.D.","contributorId":58391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Z.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essene, E.J.","contributorId":91625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essene","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014738,"text":"70014738 - 1988 - Determining baseline element composition of lichens. II. Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. at Redwood National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T15:00:51.90163","indexId":"70014738","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining baseline element composition of lichens. II. Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. at Redwood National Park, California","docAbstract":"Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. were collected in the Little Bald Hills ultramafic region of Redwood National Park, California, to establish element-concentration norms. Baselines are presented for Ba, Ca, Cu, Mn, Ni, P, Sr, V, and Zn for both lichen species; for Li, Mg, and K for H. enteromorpha; and for Al, Ce, Cr, Co, Fe, Na, and Ti for Usnea. Element concentrations of future collections of this same material can be used to monitor possible air quality changes anticipated from mining activities planned nearby. The variability in the element concentrations was partitioned between geographical distance increments and sample preparation and analysis procedures. In general, most of this variability was found in samples less than a few hundreds of meters apart rather than those at about 1 km apart. Therefore, except for Ba and Co, no large geographical element-concentration trends were observed. Samples of both species contained elevated levels of Ni and Mg, which probably reflect the ultramafic terrain over which they occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00279595","usgsCitation":"Gough, L.P., Jackson, L.L., and Sacklin, J., 1988, Determining baseline element composition of lichens. II. Hypogymnia enteromorpha and Usnea spp. at Redwood National Park, California: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 38, no. 1-2, p. 169-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279595.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00279595","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.13040161132812,\n 41.067963104801336\n ],\n [\n -123.83102416992189,\n 41.067963104801336\n ],\n [\n -123.83102416992189,\n 41.53839396783225\n ],\n [\n -124.13040161132812,\n 41.53839396783225\n ],\n [\n -124.13040161132812,\n 41.067963104801336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffece4b0c8380cd4f49a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, L. L.","contributorId":39366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sacklin, J.A.","contributorId":24356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacklin","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013722,"text":"70013722 - 1988 - Wetland Boundary Determination in the Great Dismal Swamp Using Weighted Averages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:38:33","indexId":"70013722","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland Boundary Determination in the Great Dismal Swamp Using Weighted Averages","docAbstract":"A weighted average method was used to analyze transition zone vegetation in the Great Dismal Swamp to determine if a more uniform determination of wetland boundaries can be made nationwide. The method was applied to vegetation data collected on four transects and three vertical layers across the wetland-to-upland transition zone of the swamp. Ecological index values based on water tolerance were either taken from the literature or derived from local species tolerances. Wetland index values were calculated for 25-m increments using species cover and rankings based on the ecological indices. Wetland index values were used to designate increments as either wetland, transitional, or upland, and to examine the usefulness of a provisional wetland-upland break-point. The weighted average method did not provide for an objective placement of an absolute wetland boundary, but did serve to focus attention on the transitional boundary zone where supplementary information is necessary to select a wetland-upland breakpoint.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb02987.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., Garrett, M.K., and Gammon, P.T., 1988, Wetland Boundary Determination in the Great Dismal Swamp Using Weighted Averages: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 297-306, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb02987.x.","startPage":"297","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267761,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb02987.x"},{"id":220051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc39ee4b08c986b32b2a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Virginia","contributorId":12018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, Mary Keith","contributorId":12082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gammon, Patricia T.","contributorId":107251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gammon","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014765,"text":"70014765 - 1988 - Lateral fluid flow in a compacting sand-shale sequence: South Caspian basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T16:16:02.129163","indexId":"70014765","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lateral fluid flow in a compacting sand-shale sequence: South Caspian basin","docAbstract":"The South Caspian basin contains both sands and shales that have pore-fluid pressures substantially in excess of hydrostatic fluid pressure. Pore-pressure data from the South Caspian basin demonstrate that large differences in excess hydraulic head exist between sand and shale. The data indicate that sands are acting as drains for overlying and underlying compacting shales and that fluid flows laterally through the sand on a regional scale from the basin interior northward to points of discharge. The major driving force for the fluid movement is shale compaction. We present a first- order mathematical analysis in an effort to test if the permeability of the sands required to support a regional flow system is reasonable. The results of the analysis suggest regional sand permeabilities ranging from 1 to 30 md; a range that seems reasonable. This result supports the thesis that lateral fluid flow is occurring on a regional scale within the South Caspian basin. If vertical conduits for flow exist within the basin, they are sufficiently impermeable and do not provide a major outlet for the regional flow system. The lateral fluid flow within the sands implies that the stratigraphic sequence is divided into horizontal units that are hydraulically isolated from one another, a conclusion that has important implications for oil and gas migration.-Authors","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/703C8EA7-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J.D., Djevanshir, R.D., and Belitz, K., 1988, Lateral fluid flow in a compacting sand-shale sequence: South Caspian basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 72, no. 4, p. 416-424, https://doi.org/10.1306/703C8EA7-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Azerbaijan, Iran, Russia","otherGeospatial":"South Caspian basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 54.06834519203673,\n 40.49282714086567\n ],\n [\n 49.02617788373277,\n 40.645788735394575\n ],\n [\n 48.264405462685716,\n 37.99132224800374\n ],\n [\n 51.312775955314294,\n 36.11873115433363\n ],\n [\n 54.056679406870785,\n 35.996731328314766\n ],\n [\n 54.83803852512622,\n 37.33443915347493\n ],\n [\n 54.06834519203673,\n 40.49282714086567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4570e4b0c8380cd67303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":298465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36206,"text":"Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":369233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Djevanshir, R. D.","contributorId":80551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Djevanshir","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013797,"text":"70013797 - 1988 - Comparison of Instream and Laboratory Methods of Measuring Sediment Oxygen Demand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:33:52","indexId":"70013797","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Instream and Laboratory Methods of Measuring Sediment Oxygen Demand","docAbstract":"Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) was determined at three sites in a gravel-bottomed central Missouri stream by: (1) two variations of an instream method, and (2) a laboratory method. SOD generally was greatest by the instream methods, which are considered more accurate, and least by the laboratory method. Disturbing stream sediment did not significantly decrease SOD by the instream method. Temperature ranges of up to 12 degree Celsius had no significant effect on the SOD. In the gravel-bottomed stream, the placement of chambers was critical to obtain reliable measurements. SOD rates were dependent on the method; therefore, care should be taken in comparing SOD data obtained by different methods. There is a need for a carefully researched standardized method for SOD determinations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00906.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.C., and Berkas, W.R., 1988, Comparison of Instream and Laboratory Methods of Measuring Sediment Oxygen Demand: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 571-575, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00906.x.","startPage":"571","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267757,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00906.x"},{"id":220451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d9e4b0c8380cd4b420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Dennis C.","contributorId":95473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkas, Wayne R. wrberkas@usgs.gov","contributorId":425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkas","given":"Wayne","email":"wrberkas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013798,"text":"70013798 - 1988 - Stability of loess","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T13:49:18.675763","indexId":"70013798","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of loess","docAbstract":"Lutenegger, A.J. and Hallberg, G.R., 1988. Stability of loess. Eng. Geol., 25: 247-261. The natural stability of loess soils can be related to fundamental geotechnical properties such as Atterberg limits, water content and void ratio. Field observations of unstable conditions in loess deposits in the upper midwest, U.S.A. show relationships between instability and the in situ moisture content and the liquidity index of the loess. Unstable loess can attain natural moisture contents equal to, or greater than, its liquid limit. Implications of these observations for applied engineering works are described.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0013-7952(88)90030-0","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Lutenegger, A., and Hallberg, G., 1988, Stability of loess: Engineering Geology, v. 25, no. 2-4, p. 247-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(88)90030-0.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9656e4b08c986b31b452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutenegger, A.J.","contributorId":43495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutenegger","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallberg, G.R.","contributorId":67216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014772,"text":"70014772 - 1988 - The giant submarine alika debris slide, Mauna Loa, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-19T10:40:16","indexId":"70014772","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The giant submarine alika debris slide, Mauna Loa, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A 4000‐km2 area of submarine slump and slide deposits along the west flank of Mauna Loa volcano has been mapped with GLORIA side‐scan sonar images, seismic reflection profiles, and new bathymetry. The youngest deposits are two debris avalanche lobes that travelled from their breakaway area near the present shoreline as much as 100 km into the Hawaiian Deep at water depths of 4800 m. The two lobes partly overlap and together are designated the Alika slide. They were derived from the same source area and probably formed in rapid succession. Distinction hummocky topography, marginal levees, and other features on lower slopes (0.3°–0.6°) of these deposits resemble subaerial volcanic debris avalanche deposits such as 1980 Mount St. Helens and suggest high emplacement velocities. The breakaway area for the Alika slide (10°–15° slopes) is characterized by large block slumps, bounded by normal faults, that probably represent multiple subsidence events before, during, and after the debris avalanches. Lower slopes of the slide contain distinctive lobate‐terraced deposits that are interpreted as having been emplaced more slowly, prior to the debris avalanches. Estimated thicknesses of 50–200 m suggest volumes of 200–600 km3 for the two lobes. The combined volume of the entire slide and slump terrane is probably 1500–2000 km3. The slide deposits predate a 13‐ka coral reef and probably postdate the block‐faulted Ninole Basalt, roughly dated as a few hundred thousand years old. The Alika slide, or a similar deposit recognized on GLORIA images further north along the Hawaiian Ridge, probably triggered a giant wave that washed 325 m high on Lanai at about 100 ka. Slumping on Mauna Loa has been most intense adjacent to the large arcuate bend in its southwest rift zone, as the rift zone migrated westward away from the growing Kilauea volcano. Slumping events were probably triggered by seismic activity accompanying dike injection along the rift zone. Such massive slumps, landslides, and distal submarine turbidity flows appear to be widespread on the flanks of Hawaiian volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04279","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Normark, W.R., Moore, J.G., Wilson, J.B., and Gutmacher, C.E., 1988, The giant submarine alika debris slide, Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4279-4299, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04279.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"4279","endPage":"4299","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac85e4b08c986b323558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, J. B.","contributorId":28606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gutmacher, Christina E.","contributorId":28272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutmacher","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":29153,"text":"wri894008 - 1988 - Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T21:39:42.49658","indexId":"wri894008","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4008","title":"Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985","docAbstract":"Aqueous chemical and radioactive wastes discharged since 1952 to unlined ponds and wells at the INEL (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory) have affected water quality in perched groundwater zones and in the Snake River Plain Aquifer. Routine waste water disposal was changed from deep injection wells to ponds at the ICPP (Idaho Chemical Processing Plant) in 1984. During 1982-85, tritium concentrations increased in perched groundwater zones under disposal ponds, but cobalt-60 concentrations decreased. In 1985, perched groundwater under TRA disposal ponds contained up to 1,770 ± 30 pCi/mL (picocuries/milliliter) of tritium and 0.36 ± 0.05 pCi/mL of cobalt-60.
During 1982-85, tritium concentrations in water in the Snake River Plain aquifer decreased as much as 80 pCi/mL near the ICPP. In 1985, measurable tritium concentrations ranged from 0.9 ± 0.3 to 93.4 ± 2.0 pCi/mL. Tritium was detected in groundwater near the southern boundary of the INEL, 9 miles south of the ICPP and TRA. Strontium-90 concentrations in groundwater, up to 63 ± 5 pCi/L (picocuries per liter) near the ICPP, generally were smaller than 1981 concentrations. Cesium-137 concentrations in groundwater near the ICPP ranged from 125 ± 14 to 237 ± 45 pCi/L. Maximum concentrations of plutonium-238 and plutonium-239 , -240 (undivided) were 1.31 ± .0019 pCi/ml and 1.9 ± 0.00003 pCi/L. Sodium and chloride generally decreased during 1982-85. Nitrate concentrations increased near the TRA and NRF (Naval Reactors Facility) and decreased near the ICPP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894008","usgsCitation":"Pittman, J.R., Fischer, P.R., and Jensen, R.G., 1988, Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4008, vi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894008.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414754,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47138.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4008/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.1917,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -113.1917,\n 43.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.4667,\n 43.4667\n ],\n [\n -112.4667,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -113.1917,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481fe4b07f02db4e0ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pittman, J. R.","contributorId":71571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, P. R.","contributorId":68786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, R. G.","contributorId":63799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29426,"text":"wri864334 - 1988 - Water required, water used, and potential water sources for rice irrigation, north coast of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T20:28:23.889047","indexId":"wri864334","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4334","title":"Water required, water used, and potential water sources for rice irrigation, north coast of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"A 3-yr investigation was conducted to determine the water required and used (both consumed and applied) for irrigation in the rice-growing areas of Vega Baja, Manati, and Arecibo along the north coast. In addition, the investigation evaluated the water resources of each area with regard to the full development of rice farming areas. Based on experiments conducted at selected test farms, water required ranged from 3.13 to 5.25 acre-ft/acre/crop. The amount of water required varies with the wet and dry seasons. Rainfall was capable of supplying from 31 to 70% of the water required for the measured crop cycles. Statistical analyses demonstrated that as much as 95% of rainfall is potentially usable for rice irrigation. The amount of water consumed differed from the quantity required at selected test farms. The difference between the amount of water consumed and that required was due to unaccounted losses or gains, seepage to and from the irrigation and drainage canals, and lateral leakage through levees. Due to poor water-management practices, the amount of water applied to the farms was considerably larger than the sum of the water requirement and the unaccounted losses or gains. Rivers within the rice growing areas constitute the major water supply for rice irrigation. Full development of these areas will require more water than the rivers can supply. Efficient use of rainfall can significantly reduce the water demand from streamflow. The resulting water demand, however, would still be in excess of the amount available from streamflow. Groundwater development in the area is limited because of seawater intrusion in the aquifers underlying the rice-growing areas. Capture of seepage to the aquifers using wells located near streams, artificial recharge, and development of the deep artesian system can provide additional water for rice irrigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864334","usgsCitation":"Roman-Mas, A., 1988, Water required, water used, and potential water sources for rice irrigation, north coast of Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4334, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864334.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415296,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36651.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58274,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4334/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4334/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.717,\n 18.483\n ],\n [\n -66.717,\n 18.433\n ],\n [\n -66.35,\n 18.433\n ],\n [\n -66.35,\n 18.483\n ],\n [\n -66.717,\n 18.483\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db546da0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman-Mas, A. J.","contributorId":55839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28045,"text":"wri874063 - 1988 - Estimates of gains and losses for reservoirs on the Snake River from Blackfoot to Milner, Idaho, for selected periods, 1912 to 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T21:29:48.109018","indexId":"wri874063","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4063","title":"Estimates of gains and losses for reservoirs on the Snake River from Blackfoot to Milner, Idaho, for selected periods, 1912 to 1983","docAbstract":"Croplands in the semiarid central part of the Snake River Plain are dependent on the availability of irrigation water, most of which comes from the Snake River. Allocation of irrigation water from the river requires that gains and losses be determined for American Falls Reservoir, Lake Walcott, and Milner Lake. From 1912 to 1983, average ungaged inflow to American Falls Reservoir , determined from monthly water budgets, was 2,690 cu ft/sec. About 94% of this inflow was spring discharge and groundwater seepage; the remainder was from small tributaries and irrigation-return flow. Ungaged inflow estimated from water budgets for various periods correlated favorably with measured discharge of two springs and water levels in two wells. Discharge of Spring Creek was a better indicator of ungaged inflow than groundwater levels. Therefore, correlation with Spring Creek discharge was used in estimating ungaged inflow to American Falls Reservoir in 1983. Daily water budget calculations of ungaged inflow to American Falls Reservoir are less variable when storage changes are determined by using three stage-recording stations rather than one. Water budgets do not indicate large amounts of leakage from American Falls Reservoir, but small amounts of leakage are indicated because flow in downstream springs increased about 25% after reservoir storage began in 1926. Water budgets for Lake Walcott and Milner Lake show average annual net gains (1951-83) to Lake Walcott and Milner Lake of 245 and 290 cu ft/sec. These amounts are verified by monthly water budgets when discharge in the Snake River is low, and measured and estimated sources of inflow. Gains and losses estimated from daily water budgets are variable, owing to inadequate determination of (1) changes in reservoir storage, (2) streamflow, (3) lake surface precipitation, and (4) lake surface evaporation. Backwater effects are accounted for in the process used to determine storage in Milner Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874063","usgsCitation":"Kjelstrom, L., 1988, Estimates of gains and losses for reservoirs on the Snake River from Blackfoot to Milner, Idaho, for selected periods, 1912 to 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4063, iv, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874063.","productDescription":"iv, 62 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413789,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46740.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56883,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4063/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 43.7083\n ],\n [\n -114.3333,\n 43.7083\n ],\n [\n -114.3333,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 43.7083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kjelstrom, L.C.","contributorId":89104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjelstrom","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26827,"text":"wri874237 - 1988 - Preliminary evaluation of the ground-water resources of Bainbridge Island, Kitsap County, Washington, with a section on geohydrologic units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:16:45.298995","indexId":"wri874237","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4237","title":"Preliminary evaluation of the ground-water resources of Bainbridge Island, Kitsap County, Washington, with a section on geohydrologic units","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874237","usgsCitation":"Dion, N.P., Olsen, T.D., Payne, K.L., and Jones, M.A., 1988, Preliminary evaluation of the ground-water resources of Bainbridge Island, Kitsap County, Washington, with a section on geohydrologic units: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4237, v, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874237.","productDescription":"v, 82 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55719,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":422856,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46890.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4237/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap County","otherGeospatial":"Bainbridge Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.58617788993861,\n 47.68607949212313\n ],\n [\n -122.59513390533918,\n 47.65941221314023\n ],\n [\n -122.58617788993864,\n 47.58851768341307\n ],\n [\n -122.54923432641083,\n 47.592039045067594\n ],\n [\n -122.51527610134973,\n 47.56334190657415\n ],\n [\n -122.47422769742955,\n 47.5663649084112\n ],\n [\n -122.49213972823098,\n 47.7111953167439\n ],\n [\n -122.53094912830078,\n 47.72776498652425\n ],\n [\n -122.5645341860535,\n 47.71696651344584\n ],\n [\n -122.58617788993861,\n 47.68607949212313\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, T. D.","contributorId":41463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Payne, K. L.","contributorId":31771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, M. A.","contributorId":119985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28201,"text":"wri884004 - 1988 - Simulation of three lahars in the Mount St Helens area, Washington using a one-dimensional, unsteady-state streamflow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T18:57:07.538832","indexId":"wri884004","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4004","title":"Simulation of three lahars in the Mount St Helens area, Washington using a one-dimensional, unsteady-state streamflow model","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional, unsteady-state, open-channel model was used to analytically reproduce three lahar events. Factors contributing to the success of the modeling were: (1) the lahars were confined to a channel, (2) channel roughness was defined by field information, and (3) the volume of the flow remained relatively unchanged for the duration of the peak. Manning 's 'n ' values used in computing conveyance in the model were subject to the changing rheology of the debris flow and were calculated from field cross-section information (velocities used in these calculations were derived from super-elevation or run-up formulas). For the events modeled in this exercise, Manning 's 'n ' calculations ranged from 0.020 to 0.099. In all lahar simulations, the rheology of the flow changed in a downstream direction during the course of the event. Chen's 'U ', the mudflow consistency index, changed approximately an order of magnitude for each event. The ' u ' values ranged from 5-2,260 kg/m for three events modeled. The empirical approach adopted in this paper is useful as a tool to help predict debris-flow behavior, but does not lead to understanding the physical processes of debris flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884004","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Hansen, R.P., 1988, Simulation of three lahars in the Mount St Helens area, Washington using a one-dimensional, unsteady-state streamflow model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4004, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884004.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414481,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46936.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57039,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.5\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 46.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697729","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, R. P.","contributorId":106538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28258,"text":"wri864053 - 1988 - Yield and quality of ground water from stratified-drift aquifers, Taunton River basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T14:56:14.468209","indexId":"wri864053","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4053","title":"Yield and quality of ground water from stratified-drift aquifers, Taunton River basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Glacial stratified-drift deposits composed primarily of sand and gravel form the major aquifers in the Taunton River basin. In the northern half of the basin, the aquifers are long, narrow, and thin, and saturated thicknesses range from about 20 feet to slightly more than 100 feet. Aquifer widths range from about 0.1 mile to 1.5 miles, and lengths range from about 1 mile to 5 miles.
Aquifer yield from storage, representative of short-term yield during severe drought conditions, were estimated for 26 selected aquifers in the basin. For a 30-day pumping period, 14 aquifers have yields less than 5 ft3/s (cubic feet per second), 7 have yields of from 5 to 10 ft3/s; and 5 have yields of from 10 to 15 ft3/s. Aquifer yields under normal climatic conditions were estimated for the 26 aquifers by considering the cumulative yield from intercepted ground-water discharge, induced infiltration, and storage. These yield estimates are related to the estimated duration of flow of the stream that drains the aquifer. The two highest aquifer yields equal or exceed 11.9 and 11.3 ft3/s 90 percent of the time, respectively, if minimum stream discharge is maintained at 99.5 percent flow duration. Water for public supply was pumped in 18 of the 26 aquifers during 1983, and all the developed aquifers were pumped at a rate either equal to or greater than 70 percent of the estimated rate of aquifer yield determined in this study.
The pH of the ground water ranges from 5.4 to 7.0, which categorizes the water as mildly corrosive. Hardness of the ground water ranges from 9 to 112 mg/L (milligrams per liter). No concentrations of sulfate or chloride exceeded EPA recommended limits for drinking water. However, concentrations of sodium exceeded the Massachusetts recommended limit for drinking water for those individuals on a sodium-restricted diet of 20 mg/L in 19 of the samples. Natural concentrations of iron and manganese commonly exceed the limits of 0.3 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L recommended for drinking water.
Of 51 analyses for trace metals, including arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, zinc, and nickel, only lead, with a concentration of 60 ug/L (micrograms per liter) exceeded the recommended limit of 50 ug/L at one site. In 13 of 74 analyses for selected organic compounds, one or more of the following compounds were detected: Chloroform; carbon tetrachloride; 1,1 dichloroethane; 1,2 transdichloroethylene; tetrachloroethylene; toluene; 1,1,1 trichloroethane; and trichloroethylene. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has set Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for three of these compounds. These three compounds and their MCLs are: Trichloroethylene, 5 ug/L; carbon tetrachloride, 5 ug/L; and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 200 ug/L. Trichloroethylene was detected in five samples. The concentration of trichloroethylene in one of these five samples exceeded the limit of 5 ug/L. A concentration of carbon tetrachloride of 0.8 ug/L was detected in one sample, which is below the limit of 5 ug/L. Concentrations of 1,1,1 trichloroethane were detected in ten samples, but none exceeded the limit for that compound.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Environmental Management Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Lapham, W.W., 1988, Yield and quality of ground water from stratified-drift aquifers, Taunton River basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4053, Report: vii, 69 p.; 2 Plates: 42.00 x 55.68 inches and 42.57 x 55.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864053.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 69 p.; 2 Plates: 42.00 x 55.68 inches and 42.57 x 55.67 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413235,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4053/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413234,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4053/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57083,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4053/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Taunton River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.41662745828884,\n 41.43500749851978\n ],\n [\n -70.70768488845253,\n 41.43500749851978\n ],\n [\n -70.70768488845253,\n 42.16985112683676\n ],\n [\n -71.41662745828884,\n 42.16985112683676\n ],\n [\n -71.41662745828884,\n 41.43500749851978\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44852,"text":"wri884057 - 1988 - Areal variation in recharge to and discharge from the Floridan aquifer system in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T20:22:24.794333","indexId":"wri884057","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4057","title":"Areal variation in recharge to and discharge from the Floridan aquifer system in Florida","docAbstract":"This report is a revision and update of existing recharge maps of the Floridan aquifer system to include quantitative information derived from Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis models as well as other recent information and also includes information on discharge from the system. The report represents predevelopment conditions with inset map that describes the change in recharge resulting from development. Recharge is greater in areas where the Floridan is unconfined, poorly confined, or the overlying confining layer is breached by sinkholes, such as is commonly found in the area extending from Tallahassee to Tampa. Discharge from the Floridan is dominated by spring flow. Spring flow is common in the area between Tallahassee and Tampa. Offshore discharge by upward leakage and submarine springs also is an important component of the flow system. Little inflow or outflow occurs from the Floridan in large areas of Florida, including south Florida and the extreme panhandle. The principal factors affecting recharge to the Florida aquifer system are the thickness and hydraulic conductivity of the overlying confining bed. Other factors of importance include the vertical hydraulic gradient, water available for recharge, and aquifer transmissivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884057","usgsCitation":"Aucott, W.R., 1988, Areal variation in recharge to and discharge from the Floridan aquifer system in Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4057, 1 Plate: 39.90 x 35.35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884057.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.90 x 35.35 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161613,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414380,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46980.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":274634,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4057/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.81898559997501,\n 30.9788108343064\n ],\n [\n -87.81898559997501,\n 24.90908840831331\n ],\n [\n -79.66372299066961,\n 24.90908840831331\n ],\n [\n -79.66372299066961,\n 30.9788108343064\n ],\n [\n -87.81898559997501,\n 30.9788108343064\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db67323e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aucott, Walter R.","contributorId":90275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44413,"text":"wri864314 - 1988 - Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 3: Altitude of the base of freshwater in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:19:10.04064","indexId":"wri864314","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4314","title":"Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 3: Altitude of the base of freshwater in Louisiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864314","usgsCitation":"Smoot, C.W., 1988, Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 3: Altitude of the base of freshwater in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4314, 1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864314.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415861,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36634.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4314/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.046,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -94.046,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -94.046,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6409f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, Charles W.","contributorId":88398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44400,"text":"wri874159 - 1988 - Hydrogeology of the Croton-Ossining area, Westchester County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T18:46:32.72238","indexId":"wri874159","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4159","title":"Hydrogeology of the Croton-Ossining area, Westchester County, New York","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of a 29-sq-mi area surrounding the village of Croton-on-Hudson, New York, is summarized on 6 sheets at 1:12 ,000 scale that show locations of wells and test holes, surficial geology, geologic sections, bedrock geology, land use, and soil permeability. The primary stratified-drift aquifer in this area is the Croton River aquifer, which consists of outwash sand and gravel that partly fills the Croton River valley from the New Croton Dam to the Hudson River--a distance of approximately 3 miles. The valley is narrow and ranges in width from 100 to 1,900 ft, and its v-notch bedrock floor ranges from 30 to 50 ft below sea level. Detailed hydrogeologic studies during 1936-38 showed the stratigraphy to consist of an upper water-table aquifer with a saturated thickness of about 35 ft, underlain by a silt and clay confining unit 8 to o0 ft in thickness that in turn is underlain by a lower confined outwash aquifer up to 40 ft thick. Aquifer-test data and laboratory permeability tests show that the average hydraulic conductivity of the upper outwash aquifer is 475 ft/d, and that of the lower confined aquifer is about 300 ft/d. The aquifer is recharged through direct precipitation, runoff from adjacent hillsides, and leakage under the new Croton Dam. Previous studies estimate the average leakage under the dam to be 0.65 Mgal/d and the total average daily recharge to the aquifer between New Croton Dam and Quaker Bridge to be 1.73 Mgal/d.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874159","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., 1988, Hydrogeology of the Croton-Ossining area, Westchester County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4159, 5 Plates: 46.20 x 34.52 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874159.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 46.20 x 34.52 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414118,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46819.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81689,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81688,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81687,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81686,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81685,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4159/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Westchester County","otherGeospatial":"Croton-Ossining area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.925,\n 41.1528\n ],\n [\n -73.8306,\n 41.1528\n ],\n [\n -73.8306,\n 41.2389\n ],\n [\n -73.925,\n 41.2389\n ],\n [\n -73.925,\n 41.1528\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6151f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44824,"text":"wri884082 - 1988 - Distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations and temperature in ground water of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T21:12:22.25239","indexId":"wri884082","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4082","title":"Distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations and temperature in ground water of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south-central United States","docAbstract":"The distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations and temperature in waters of 10 of the aquifers comprising the gulf coast aquifer systems of the Gulf Mexico Coastal Plain are mapped at a scale of 1:3,500,000. Dissolved solids concentration in the aquifers of the Tertiary System ranges from less than 500 mg/L at the outcrop and subcrop areas to as much as 150,000 mg/L at the downdip extent of these aquifers. A distinct band of sharply increasing concentration of dissolved-solids occurs at about middip of each aquifer of the Tertiary System. Dissolved-solids concentration in younger aquifers ranges from less than 500 mg/L in outcrop and subcrop areas to about 70,000 mg/L at the downdip extent of these aquifers. Temperature of waters in permeable Tertiary deposits ranges from about 18 C at the outcrop and subcrop areas to 90 C at the downdip extent of these aquifers. Temperature of waters in younger deposits ranges from about 14 C at the outcrop and subcrop areas to 30 C at their downdip extent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884082","usgsCitation":"Pettijohn, R.A., Weiss, J.S., and Williamson, A.K., 1988, Distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations and temperature in ground water of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4082, 5 Plates: 32.00 x 2.82 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884082.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 32.00 x 2.82 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":82159,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4082/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82158,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4082/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82162,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4082/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82161,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4082/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82160,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4082/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414387,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47002.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast aquifer systems","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.1667,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -87.1375,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -87.1375,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -100.1667,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -100.1667,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettijohn, Robert A.","contributorId":77502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettijohn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiss, Jonathan S.","contributorId":32973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Alex K.","contributorId":36543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":69537,"text":"hu21 - 1988 - Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T19:19:37.397831","indexId":"hu21","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":319,"text":"Hydrologic Unit","code":"HU","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Hydrologic Unit Map – 1988, states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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