Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) continue to impact the environment due to historic and ongoing anthropogenic sources (for example, industrial and agricultural), despite their ban. Contaminated stormwater has been identified as a vector for PCB transport to many estuaries impaired by PCBs. Management of these regulated discharges is typically achieved by best management practices (BMPs). This review focuses on PCB reduction practices and BMPs to assist management decision making and provide information on the current state of the science. Studies have quantitatively demonstrated the efficacy of green infrastructure BMPs and gray infrastructure improvements to reduce PCB loads, and other studies have demonstrated qualitative reductions for other BMP types. This review also highlights the disconnect between PCB load reduction and PCB bioavailability when selecting a remediation strategy. Additionally, the review evaluates modeling approaches to assess PCB load reduction to inform management decisions and suggests why there are still significant barriers to implementation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235074","usgsCitation":"Needham, T.P., Majcher, E., Foss, E., and Devereux, O.H., 2024, Evaluation and review of best management practices for the reduction of polychlorinated biphenyls to the Chesapeake Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5074, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235074.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-135599","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425826,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5074/sir20235074.XML"},{"id":425825,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5074/images/"},{"id":425824,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Catonsville, Maryland 21228
Numerous factors influence the timing of spring migration in birds, yet the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic variables on migration initiation remains unclear. To test for interactions among weather, migration distance, parasitism, and physiology in determining spring departure date, we used the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) as a model migratory species known to harbor diverse and common haemosporidian parasites. Prior to spring migration departure from their wintering grounds in Indiana, USA, we quantified the intrinsic variables of fat, body condition (i.e., mass ~ tarsus residuals), physiological stress (i.e., ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes), cellular immunity (i.e., leukocyte composition and total count), migration distance (i.e., distance to the breeding grounds) using stable isotopes of hydrogen from feathers, and haemosporidian parasite intensity. We then attached nanotags to determine the timing of spring migration departure date using the Motus Wildlife Tracking System. We used additive Cox proportional hazard mixed models to test how risk of spring migratory departure was predicted by the combined intrinsic measures, along with meteorological predictors on the evening of departure (i.e., average wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and temperature). Model comparisons found that the best predictor of spring departure date was average nightly wind direction and a principal component combining relative humidity and temperature. Juncos were more likely to depart for spring migration on nights with largely southwestern winds and on warmer and drier evenings (relative to cooler and more humid evenings). Our results indicate that weather conditions at take-off are more critical to departure decisions than the measured physiological and parasitism variables.
Climate-induced expansion of invasive hybridization (breeding between invasive and native species) poses a significant threat to the persistence of many native species worldwide. In the northern U.S. Rocky Mountains, hybridization between native cutthroat trout and non-native rainbow trout has increased in recent decades due, in part, to climate-driven increases in water temperature. It has been postulated that invasive hybridization may enhance physiological tolerance to climate-induced thermal stress because laboratory studies indicate that rainbow trout have a higher thermal tolerance than cutthroat trout. Here, we assessed whether invasive hybridization improves cardiac performance response to acute water temperature stress of native wild trout populations. We collected trout from four streams with a wide range of non-native admixture among individuals and with different temperature and streamflow regimes in the upper Flathead River drainage, USA. We measured individual cardiac performance (maximum heart rate, “MaxHR”, and temperature at arrhythmia, “ArrTemp”) during laboratory trials with increasing water temperatures (10–28°C). Across the study populations, we observed substantial variation in cardiac performance of individual trout when exposed to thermal stress. Notably, we found significant differences in the cardiac response to thermal regimes among native cutthroat trout populations, suggesting the importance of genotype-by-environment interactions in shaping the physiological performance of native cutthroat trout. However, rainbow trout admixture had no significant effect on cardiac performance (MaxHR and ArrTemp) within any of the three populations. Our results indicate that invasive hybridization with a warmer-adapted species does not enhance the cardiac performance of native trout under warming conditions. Maintaining numerous populations across thermally and hydrologically diverse stream environments will be crucial for native trout to adapt and persist in a warming climate.
Climate warming has facilitated the expansion of black mangrove Avicennia germinans (hereafter ‘Avicennia’) into smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora (hereafter ‘Spartina’) salt marshes in southeastern Louisiana (USA). As macrophytes contribute to soil organic matter (SOM) and primary production, this transition could alter the basal energy pathways supporting salt marsh food webs. We used bulk-tissue and compound-specific stable isotope analyses (SIA) to determine if changes in dominant macrophytes alter basal energy pathways for 2 salt marsh residents: grass shrimp (Palaemonetes spp.) and marsh periwinkle snails Littoraria irrorata. Specifically, we used Bayesian stable isotope mixing models to quantify the relative contribution of basal energy sources to SOM and resident food webs across a Spartina-Avicennia gradient in southeastern Louisiana. We found that sources of SOM changed in Avicennia-dominated habitat and that foraging strategy dictated trophic responses of salt marsh residents to Avicennia expansion. Marsh periwinkle snail basal energy sources shifted from Spartina to algae (phytoplankton and epiphytic macroalgae) reliance, while grass shrimp basal energy sources remained reliant on algal production, regardless of macrophyte dominance. Compound-specific SIA improved basal energy source distinctions and provided more constrained estimates of their contributions to resident food webs than bulk-tissue SIA. The importance of algal energy across the landscape warrants future investigations into the ability of Avicennia to support the diversity and abundance of algal energy sources present in Louisiana salt marshes. Understanding coastal wetland food web dynamics could help with planning and evaluating the most effective coastal restoration techniques (e.g. prioritizing salt marsh or mangrove habitat) in southeastern Louisiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps14500","usgsCitation":"Loesser, K.B., Powell, C.E., Davis, B., Baustian, M.M., and Polito, M.J., 2024, Stable isotopes reveal that foraging strategy dictates trophic response of salt marsh residents to black mangrove Avicennia germinans range expansion: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 729, p. 81-97, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14500.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-156015","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"729","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loesser, Katherine B.","contributorId":334658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loesser","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Christina E.","contributorId":202058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36335,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Brandeus","contributorId":334659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Brandeus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baustian, Melissa Millman 0000-0003-2467-2533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-2533","contributorId":304015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baustian","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"Millman","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Polito, Michael J.","contributorId":334661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Polito","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251987,"text":"70251987 - 2024 - Strong variation in Brook Trout trends across geology, elevation, and stream size in Shenandoah National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T15:00:53.761614","indexId":"70251987","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-22T06:49:46","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong variation in Brook Trout trends across geology, elevation, and stream size in Shenandoah National Park","docAbstract":"Landscape context structures fish abundance and dynamics, and understanding trends in fish abundance across the landscape is often prerequisite for effective conservation. In this study, we evaluated the status and trends of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Shenandoah National Park to understand how these are structured across bedrock geology, elevation, and stream size.
We used long-term monitoring data from 94 sites in Shenandoah National Park to evaluate trends in Brook Trout abundance over a 27-year period (1996–2022) and assess the importance of local environmental covariates using a hierarchical Bayesian N-mixture model based on depletion sampling. Focal covariates were chosen for their demonstrated importance in structuring fish populations in Shenandoah National Park and elsewhere. Bedrock geology controls sensitivity to acid deposition, watershed area is related to stream habitat features such as complexity and flow variability, and elevation creates gradients in temperature.
Models revealed significant decreases in adult Brook Trout abundance over time (95% credible intervals < 0) for 31 of 94 sites (33%), and at least three sites exhibited apparent extirpations over the study period. Estimated Brook Trout abundance declined by 50% or more in approximately 70% of streams across the park over the study period. Sites with the warmest water temperatures exhibited the fastest declines in abundance. However, large watersheds on poorly buffered bedrock exhibited significant gains in abundance over time, suggesting some recovery from acid deposition due to improvements in air quality.
Our analysis revealed large and divergent changes in Brook Trout abundance over recent decades and suggests the importance of local water temperature and acid sensitivity as probable causal mechanisms. These results highlight the importance of considering local factors when evaluating long-term trends in stream fish populations. Results of this study can assist the development of targeted conservation actions within Shenandoah National Park and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10460","usgsCitation":"Childress, E., Demarest, D., Wofford, J.E., Hitt, N.P., and Letcher, B., 2024, Strong variation in Brook Trout trends across geology, elevation, and stream size in Shenandoah National Park: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 153, no. 2, p. 250-263, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10460.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"263","ipdsId":"IP-150752","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10460","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.5730072818129,\n 37.84539890269417\n ],\n [\n -77.41219734606564,\n 37.84539890269417\n ],\n [\n -77.41219734606564,\n 39.434228970300325\n ],\n [\n -79.5730072818129,\n 39.434228970300325\n ],\n [\n -79.5730072818129,\n 37.84539890269417\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"153","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childress, Evan S.","contributorId":214287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childress","given":"Evan S.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demarest, David E","contributorId":334666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demarest","given":"David E","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wofford, John E.B.","contributorId":334667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wofford","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.B.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":238185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":242666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251695,"text":"70251695 - 2024 - A biodynamic model predicting copper and cadmium bioaccumulation in caddisflies: Linkages between field studies and laboratory exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T12:42:15.770548","indexId":"70251695","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-22T06:40:12","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7774,"text":"PLoSOne","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biodynamic model predicting copper and cadmium bioaccumulation in caddisflies: Linkages between field studies and laboratory exposures","docAbstract":"Hydropsyche and Arctopsyche are filter-feeding caddisflies (Order: Trichoptera; Family: Hydropsychidae) that are commonly used to monitor metal exposures in rivers. While tissue residue concentrations provide important bioaccumulation data regarding metal bioavailability, they do not provide information regarding the mechanisms of uptake and loss, or exposure history. This study examined the physiological processes that control Cu and Cd uptake and loss using a biokinetic bioaccumulation model. Larvae of each taxon were experimentally exposed to either water or food enriched with stable isotopes (65Cu and 106Cd). Dissolved Cu uptake (ku) was similar between species (2.6–3.4 L-1g 1d-1), but Cd uptake was 3-fold higher in Hydropsyche than Arctopsyche (1.85 L-1g 1d-1 and 0.60 L-1g 1d-1, respectively). Cu and Cd efflux rates (ke) were relatively fast (0.14 d-1–0.24 d-1) in both species, and may explain, in part, their metal tolerance to mine-impacted rivers. Food ingestion rates (IR), assimilation efficiency (AE) of 65Cu and 106Cd from laboratory diets were also derived and used in a biodynamic model to quantify the relative contribution of dissolved and dietary exposure routes. Results from the biodynamic model were compared to tissue concentrations observed in a long-term field study and indicated that because dissolved Cu and Cd exposures accounted for less than 20% of body concentrations of either taxon, dietary exposure was the predominant metal pathway. An estimation of exposure history was determined using the model to predict steady state concentrations. Under constant exposure conditions (dissolved plus diet), steady state concentrations were reached in less than 30 days, an outcome largely influenced by rapid efflux (ke).
Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko displays a pronounced hemispherical dichotomy in surface morphology, where the southern hemisphere exhibits more erosional features than the northern hemisphere due to receiving much greater solar radiation. Consequently, it is generally assumed that particles are ejected from the southern hemisphere through sublimation and a significant fraction eventually descends as airfall, covering the northern terrains. To investigate this south-to-north material transfer during the comet's perihelion passage, we used photoclinometry to measure material redistribution within its most extensive smooth terrain deposit around the Imhotep region. However, our findings do not align with this expected trend. Instead, we show that local-scale processes substantially impact the erosion and accumulation of material, with one area experiencing net erosion while another nearby region, just a few dozen meters away, sees sediment buildup. Our analysis underscores the complex interplay of processes shaping Comet 67P's surface and likely comets more generally.
Declining body size in fishes and other aquatic ectotherms associated with anthropogenic climate warming has significant implications for future fisheries yields, stock assessments and aquatic ecosystem stability. One proposed mechanism seeking to explain such body-size reductions, known as the gill oxygen limitation (GOL) hypothesis, has recently been used to model future impacts of climate warming on fisheries but has not been robustly empirically tested. We used brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a fast-growing, cold-water salmonid species of broad economic, conservation and ecological value, to examine the GOL hypothesis in a long-term experiment quantifying effects of temperature on growth, resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and gill surface area (GSA). Despite significantly reduced growth and body size at an elevated temperature, allometric slopes of GSA were not significantly different than 1.0 and were above those for RMR and MMR at both temperature treatments (15°C and 20°C), contrary to GOL expectations. We also found that the effect of temperature on RMR was time-dependent, contradicting the prediction that heightened temperatures increase metabolic rates and reinforcing the importance of longer-term exposures (e.g. >6 months) to fully understand the influence of acclimation on temperature–metabolic rate relationships. Our results indicate that although oxygen limitation may be important in some aspects of temperature–body size relationships and constraints on metabolic supply may contribute to reduced growth in some cases, it is unlikely that GOL is a universal mechanism explaining temperature–body size relationships in aquatic ectotherms. We suggest future research focus on alternative mechanisms underlying temperature–body size relationships, and that projections of climate change impacts on fisheries yields using models based on GOL assumptions be interpreted with caution.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists Ltd","doi":"10.1242/jeb.246477","usgsCitation":"Lonthair, J., Wegner, N., Cheng, B.S., Fangue, N., O'Donnell, M.J., Regish, A.M., Swenson, J.D., Argueta, E., McCormick, S.D., Letcher, B., and Komoroske, L., 2024, Smaller body size under warming is not due to gill-oxygen limitation in a coldwater salmonid: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 227, no. 4, jeb246477, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.246477.","productDescription":"jeb246477, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154954","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.246477","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":484064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lonthair, Joshua K.","contributorId":352930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lonthair","given":"Joshua K.","affiliations":[{"id":84305,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation; 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University of Massachusetts at Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":242666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":932498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Komoroske, Lisa M","contributorId":152475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komoroske","given":"Lisa M","affiliations":[{"id":18933,"text":"NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":932499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70273289,"text":"70273289 - 2024 - Improving ecosystem health in highly altered river basins: A generalized framework and its application to the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-05T15:34:32.384968","indexId":"70273289","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-21T09:25:24","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5738,"text":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving ecosystem health in highly altered river basins: A generalized framework and its application to the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin","docAbstract":"Continued large-scale public investment in declining ecosystems depends on demonstrations of “success”. While the public conception of “success” often focuses on restoration to a pre-disturbance condition, the scientific community is more likely to measure success in terms of improved ecosystem health. Using a combination of literature review, workshops and expert solicitation we propose a generalized framework to improve ecosystem health in highly altered river basins by reducing ecosystem stressors, enhancing ecosystem processes and increasing ecosystem resilience. We illustrate the use of this framework in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) of the central United States (U.S.), by (i) identifying key stressors related to human activities, and (ii) creating a conceptual ecosystem model relating those stressors to effects on ecosystem structure and processes. As a result of our analysis, we identify a set of landscape-level indicators of ecosystem health, emphasizing leading indicators of stressor removal (e.g., reduced anthropogenic nutrient inputs), increased ecosystem function (e.g., increased water storage in the landscape) and increased resilience (e.g., changes in the percentage of perennial vegetative cover). We suggest that by including these indicators, along with lagging indicators such as direct measurements of water quality, stakeholders will be better able to assess the effectiveness of management actions. For example, if both leading and lagging indicators show improvement over time, then management actions are on track to attain desired ecosystem condition. If, however, leading indicators are not improving or even declining, then fundamental challenges to ecosystem health remain to be addressed and failure to address these will ultimately lead to declines in lagging indicators such as water quality. Although our model and indicators are specific to the MARB, we believe that the generalized framework and the process of model and indicator development will be valuable in an array of altered river basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2024.1332934","usgsCitation":"McLellan, E.L., Suttles, K.M., Bouska, K.L., Ellis, J., Flotemersch, J.E., Goff, M., Golden, H.E., Hill, R.A., Hohman, T.R., Keerthi, S., Keim, R.F., Kleiss, B.A., Lark, T.J., Piazza, B.P., Renfro, A.A., Robertson, D., Schilling, K.E., Schmidt, T.S., and Waite, I.R., 2024, Improving ecosystem health in highly altered river basins: A generalized framework and its application to the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin: Frontiers in Environmental Science, v. 12, 1332934, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1332934.","productDescription":"1332934, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159346","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1332934","text":"Publisher Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70259352,"text":"70259352 - 2024 - Statistical perspective on the petrologic utility of polyphase groundmass compositions inferred via defocused beam electron probe microanalysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-04T13:45:22.049439","indexId":"70259352","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-21T08:39:52","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1822,"text":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical perspective on the petrologic utility of polyphase groundmass compositions inferred via defocused beam electron probe microanalysis","docAbstract":"Polyphase groundmasses (micro-scale minerals with or without glass) are generated from silicate liquids during the cooling of natural lavas often alongside larger minerals formed long before eruption. Many researchers have posited that compositions gleaned from the analysis of groundmasses closely approximate the compositions of the melts they were derived from, and these have been used frequently to model pre-eruptive magma conditions. However, it is difficult to confidently identify and sample these groundmasses once they are formed. Using a sample of lava that exhibits a wide degree of textural variation (ranging from holocrystalline to hypohyaline) we show that compositions of groundmasses sampled using defocused electron beams are significantly different from glass compositions in terms of mean composition and covariance. Despite this, several groundmass compositions qualify as ‘in equilibrium’ with matrix/rim olivine. When processed using available thermometers, however, modelled equilibrium temperatures are significantly higher than those produced using glass data, on average. Because of this, we prescribe caution in using polyphase groundmass data generated using defocused beam analysis even as a rudimentary approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ggr.12546","usgsCitation":"Coulthard, D.A., Iizuka, Y., Zellmer, G., and Brahm, R., 2024, Statistical perspective on the petrologic utility of polyphase groundmass compositions inferred via defocused beam electron probe microanalysis: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 48, no. 2, p. 345-358, https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12546.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-152919","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coulthard, Daniel A. Jr. 0000-0003-1688-1378","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-1378","contributorId":344950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coulthard","given":"Daniel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iizuka, Yoshiyuki","contributorId":344930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iizuka","given":"Yoshiyuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36479,"text":"Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellmer, Georg F.","contributorId":344933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zellmer","given":"Georg F.","affiliations":[{"id":82435,"text":"Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brahm, Raimundo","contributorId":344934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brahm","given":"Raimundo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82437,"text":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70257187,"text":"70257187 - 2024 - Rupture jumping and seismic complexity in models of earthquake cycles for fault stepovers with off‐fault plasticity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-13T12:13:56.685113","indexId":"70257187","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-21T07:10:06","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18330,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Șociety of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture jumping and seismic complexity in models of earthquake cycles for fault stepovers with off‐fault plasticity","docAbstract":"Fault stepovers are prime examples of geometric complexity in natural fault zones that may affect seismic hazard by determining whether an earthquake rupture continues propagating or abruptly stops. However, the long‐term pattern of seismicity near‐fault stepovers and underlying mechanisms of rupture jumping in the context of earthquake cycles are rarely studied. Leveraging a hybrid numerical scheme combining the finite element and the spectral boundary integral methods, FEBE, we carry out fully dynamic simulations of sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip for both compressive and tensile stepovers with off‐fault plasticity. We consider a rate‐and‐state friction law for the fault friction and pressure‐sensitive Drucker–Prager plasticity for the off‐fault bulk response. We observe that the accumulation of plastic deformation, an indication of off‐fault damage, is significantly different in the two cases, with more plastic deformation projected in the overlapping region for the tensile stepover. The seismic pattern for a tensile stepover is more complex than for a compressive stepover, and incorporating plasticity also increases complexity, relative to the elastic case. A tensile stepover with off‐fault plasticity shows rupture segmentation, temporal clustering, and frequent rupture jumping from one fault to another. These results shed light on possible mechanisms of rupture jumping in fault stepovers as well as the long‐term evolution of the fault zone.
Terrestrial soils in forested landscapes represent some of the largest mercury (Hg) reserves globally. Wildfire can alter the storage and distribution of terrestrial-bound Hg via reemission to the atmosphere or mobilization in watersheds where it may become available for methylation and uptake into food webs. Using data associated with the 2007 Moonlight and Antelope Fires in California, we examined the long-term direct effects of wildfire burn severity on the distribution and magnitude of Hg concentrations in riparian food webs. Additionally, we quantified the cross-ecosystem transfer of Hg from aquatic invertebrate to riparian bird communities; and assessed the influence of biogeochemical, landscape variables, and ecological factors on Hg concentrations in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Benthic macroinvertebrate methylmercury (MeHg) and riparian bird blood total mercury (THg) concentrations varied by 710- and 760-fold, respectively, and Hg concentrations were highest in predators. We found inconsistent relationships between Hg concentrations across and within taxa and guilds in response to stream chemical parameters and burn severity. Macroinvertebrate scraper MeHg concentrations were influenced by dissolved organic carbon (DOC); however, that relationship was moderated by burn severity (as burn severity increased the effect of DOC declined). Omnivorous bird Hg concentrations declined with increasing burn severity. Overall, taxa more linked to in situ energetic pathways may be more responsive to the biogeochemical processes that influence MeHg cycling. Remarkably, 8 years post-fire, we still observed evidence of burn severity influencing Hg concentrations within riparian food webs, illustrating its overarching role in altering the storage and redistribution of Hg and influencing biogeochemical processes.
Effective ecological restoration requires empirical assessment to determine outcomes of projects, but conclusions regarding the effects of restoration treatments on the whole ecosystem remain rare. Control of invasive shrubs and trees in the genus Tamarix and associated riparian restoration in the American Southwest has been of interest to scientists and resource managers for decades; dozens of studies have reported highly variable outcomes of Tamarix control efforts, as measured by a range of response variables, temporal and spatial scales and monitoring strategies. We conducted a literature search and review, meta-analysis and vote count (comparison of numerical outcomes lacking reported variances and/or sample sizes) on published papers that quantitatively measured a variety of responses to control of Tamarix. From 96 publications obtained through a global search on terms related to Tamarix control, we found 52 publications suitable for a meta-analysis (n = 777 comparisons) and 63 publications suitable for two vote counts (n = 1,460 comparisons total; 622 comparisons reported as statistically significant) of response to Tamarix control. We estimated responses to control by treatment type (e.g. cut-stump treatment, burning, biocontrol) and ecosystem component (e.g. vegetation, fauna, fluvial processes). Finally, we compared results of the various synthesis methods to determine whether the increasingly stringent requirements for inclusion led to biased outcomes. Vegetation metrics, especially measures of Tamarix response, were the most commonly assessed. Ecosystem components other than vegetation, such as fauna, soils and hydrogeomorphic dynamics, were under-represented. The meta-analysis showed significantly positive responses by vegetation overall to biocontrol, herbicide and cut-stump treatments. This was primarily due to reduction of Tamarix cover; impacts on replacement vegetation were highly variable. We found concordance amongst our varied synthesis approaches, indicating that increased granularity from stricter quantitative techniques does not come at the cost of a biased sample. Overall, our results indicate that common control methods are generally effective for reducing Tamarix, but the indirect effects on other aspects of the ecosystem are variable and remain understudied. Given that this is a relatively well-studied invasive plant species, our results also illustrate the limitations of not only individual studies, but also of reviews for measuring the impact of invasive species control. We call on researchers to investigate the less commonly studied responses to Tamarix control and riparian restoration including the effects on fauna, soil and hydrogeomorphic characteristics.
Continental rejuvenation results from the tectonic reactivation of crustal structures and lithospheric reworking by mantle flow. Geochemical observations and field mapping have traditionally provided the primary evidence for the secular evolution of crustal composition and tectonic processes during continental rejuvenation. Nonetheless, the impact of continental rejuvenation on the observed present-day strain rate and orogenic-scale lithospheric structure has not been well constrained. The pre-existing E-W–trending Central China Orogenic Belt has been overprinted by the N-S–trending Central Longitudinal Seismic Belt and constitutes the intracontinental West Qinling Syntaxis in central China, where the tectonic setting changes eastward from contraction to extension. Combining updated global positioning system data and high-resolution crustal seismic tomography, we reveal a modern continental rejuvenation process within the West Qinling Syntaxis in central China. The northward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau's weak lithospheric layer (middle-lower crust and lithospheric mantle) of southwestern China relative to the rigid Sichuan Basin/Ordos Block of the eastern West Qinling Syntaxis results in regional dextral shearing that shapes the Central Longitudinal Seismic Belt and defines the eastern Tibetan Plateau margin. The pre-existing E-W–trending Central China Orogenic Belt has been preserved above the brittle-ductile transition zone, and the northward movement of the deep lithospheric layer drives the deformation of the upper crust in the West Qinling Syntaxis. Our results, along with previous studies, suggest the presence of an intracontinental lithospheric interchange structure in central China. The continental rejuvenation of the West Qinling Syntaxis results from a combination of fault reactivation in the upper crust (Stage I, Eocene–Oligocene) and reworking of the deep lithosphere (Stage II, middle–late Miocene) related to the plateau-wide shift in stress accommodation ultimately driven by the redistribution of mass outward from the central Tibetan Plateau. At present, the transition zone between the high- and low-velocity anomalies along the Central Longitudinal Seismic Belt not only shapes the landscape boundary but controls the size and recurrence interval of earthquakes within the West Qinling Syntaxis in central China.
Sedimentary basins provide a deep time archive of tectonic and Earth-surface processes that can be leveraged by detrital mineral U-Pb dating and geochemistry to track paleogeography, magmatism, and crustal evolution. Zircon preserves the long-term (billions of years) record of supercontinent cycles; however, it is biased toward preserving felsic crustal records. Detrital rutile complements the detrital zircon record by providing constraints on the time and temperature of rifting and mafic magmatism, metamorphism, exhumation of the middle and lower crust, subduction, and amagmatic orogenesis. We use detrital zircon U-Pb and detrital rutile U-Pb geochronology and trace element analysis of Permian to Eocene siliciclastic rocks in the southern Pyrenees to capture supercontinent cycles of ocean basins opening and closing. Detrital rutile age spectra show peaks at ca. 100 Ma associated with rifting and hyperextension in the Pyrenean realm, 200 Ma associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, and 330 Ma, 375 Ma, and 400 Ma associated with subduction and Rheic Ocean crust formation. Zr-in-rutile thermometry and rutile Cr-Nb systematics provide further insight into metamorphic facies (peak metamorphic temperatures) and source rock lithology (mafic versus felsic affinity). Detrital zircon age spectra have peaks at ca. 300 Ma, 450 Ma, and 600 Ma associated with major orogenic events and felsic magmatism, and Th/U ratios provide information on relative zircon formation temperatures. Comparison of these independent records shows that detrital rutile reflects rifting, magma-poor orogenesis, and oceanic lithospheric processes, while detrital zircon detects continental lithospheric processes. Integrated detrital zircon and rutile data sets archive past geological events across multiple Wilson cycles.
Sex-related differences in vital rates that drive population change reflect the basic life history of a species. However, for visually monomorphic bird species, determining the effect of sex on demographics can be a challenge. In this study, we investigated the effect of sex on apparent survival, recruitment, and breeding propensity in the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), a monochromatic, slightly size dimorphic species with known age, known sex, and known breeding history data collected during 1996–2019 (n = 2127 birds) from three breeding colonies on Ross Island, Antarctica. Using a multistate capture–mark–recapture maximum-likelihood model, we estimated apparent survival (
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.10859","usgsCitation":"Morandini, V., Dugger, K., Schmidt, A., Varsani, A., Lescroel, A., Ballard, G., Lyver, P., Barton, K., and Ainley, D., 2024, Sex-specific recruitment rates contribute to male-biased sex ratio in Adélie penguins: Ecology and Evolution, v. 14, no. 2, e10859, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10859.","productDescription":"e10859, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156686","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10859","text":"External Repository"},{"id":429929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morandini, Virginia","contributorId":264177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morandini","given":"Virginia","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Annie","contributorId":197714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Annie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varsani, Arvind","contributorId":287197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varsani","given":"Arvind","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lescroel, Amelie","contributorId":197715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lescroel","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Grant","contributorId":275195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Grant","affiliations":[{"id":48619,"text":"pbcs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyver, Phil O'B.","contributorId":338019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyver","given":"Phil O'B.","affiliations":[{"id":81069,"text":"Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barton, Kerry","contributorId":65746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Kerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ainley, David","contributorId":275713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":56884,"text":"htha","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70251235,"text":"fs20233037 - 2024 - The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida's economy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T17:40:52.522326","indexId":"fs20233037","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-20T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-3037","displayTitle":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida’s Economy","title":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida's economy","docAbstract":"Florida has the longest coastline of any State in the contiguous United States, and its coastal resources are one of the main drivers of its economic growth. High-quality elevation data are beneficial for use in emergency management, especially for hurricane response, recovery, and mitigation, as well as for coastal zone management, flood risk management, infrastructure planning, agriculture, forestry, and natural resources management. Having regional or statewide elevation data coverage that was collected at about the same time allows for improved results from in-depth modeling and more meaningful analysis to support the State’s Chief Science Officer, Geographic Information Officer, State agencies, water management districts, and local governments that will use these data for decision making. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
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National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"The conceptual risk framework, previously developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, for uranium mining was updated to include indigenous knowledge components informed by the Havasupai Tribe perspective. This General Information Product was designed to show the contaminant risk framework from the Havasupai perspective.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip240","usgsCitation":"Tilousi, C., and Hinck, J.E., 2024, Conceptual risk framework—Havasupai perspective: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 240, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip240.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-159837","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/240/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425789,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231092","text":"Open-File Report 2023–1092"},{"id":425863,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/gip241","text":"General Information Product 241"},{"id":425725,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/240/gip240.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 240"},{"id":425788,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/gip239","text":"General Information Product 239"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.19147841939832,\n 38.32491175913418\n ],\n [\n -117.19147841939832,\n 32.88011313999995\n ],\n [\n -110.33600966939846,\n 32.88011313999995\n ],\n [\n -110.33600966939846,\n 38.32491175913418\n ],\n [\n -117.19147841939832,\n 38.32491175913418\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Associate Director, Natural Hazards Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The conceptual risk framework, previously developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, for uranium mining was updated to include indigenous knowledge components informed by the Havasupai Tribe perspective. This General Information Product was designed to show the contaminant exposure framework from the Havasupai perspective.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip239","usgsCitation":"Tilousi, C., and Hinck, J.E., 2024, Contaminant exposure framework—Havasupai perspective: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 239, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip239.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-159833","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/239/gip239.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 239"},{"id":425698,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/239/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":425792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/gip240","text":"General Information Product 240"},{"id":425862,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/gip241","text":"General Information Product 241"},{"id":425793,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231092","text":"Open-File Report 2023–1092"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.19147841939832,\n 38.32491175913418\n ],\n [\n -117.19147841939832,\n 32.88011313999995\n ],\n [\n -110.33600966939846,\n 32.88011313999995\n ],\n [\n -110.33600966939846,\n 38.32491175913418\n ],\n [\n -117.19147841939832,\n 38.32491175913418\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Associate Director, Natural Hazards Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Oceanic seabirds have suffered population declines and extirpations due to human disturbance and still face multiple threats. Here, we assessed the potential genetic vulnerability of the red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda, a seabird species threatened by human disturbance and listed as ‘least concern’ by the IUCN. Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) we evaluated the genetic population structure of the red-tailed tropicbird throughout the Pacific Ocean using samples from 132 individuals from six islands. We sampled individuals from islands without human-related disturbance (non-impacted islands) and with human-related disturbance (impacted islands). Results of genome-wide SNP analyses were consistent with previous results using mitochondrial DNA sequences analyses. Genetic diversity did not differ between impacted and non-impacted islands, and low inbreeding estimates were detected for all colonies. The SNPs analyses confirmed a pattern of isolation by distance and significant inter-regional (Chile, Australasia, and Hawaiʻi) genetic structure, but revealed greater differentiation of tropicbirds in Hawaiʻi compared with Chile and Australasia. Within regions, our results further indicated significant differentiation between Rapa Nui and Salas & Gómez Island (Chile), and between Meyer and Phillip islands (Australasia) that was not detected using mitochondrial DNA analyses. Within Hawaiʻi, we found a lack of significant genetic differentiation between Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, separated by 200 km. Our findings indicated that red-tailed tropicbird colonies are at genetic risk due to limited dispersal among colonies which may reduce the fitness of the species in the long-term. We suggest that red-tailed tropicbird colonies are vulnerable to future population declines because recovery through immigration from other islands may be limited by geographic distance. Conservation actions will help preserve genetic diversity and discrete populations for this native seabird at colonies throughout the Pacific.
The crustal evolution of the southernmost ∼2000–1800 Ma Trans-Hudson orogen (THO) is enigmatic due to burial by Phanerozoic sediments. We provide new insights through petrochronologic analysis of a paragneiss drill core sample. Detrital zircon age peaks at 2625, 2340, and 1880 Ma and Hf isotopes suggest Paleoproterozoic arc development proximal to Archean source(s). Phase equilibria modeling and ternary feldspar thermometry suggest peak conditions of ≥1 GPa, ≥900°C, the first recognition of extreme, ultra-high temperature metamorphism in the THO. The largely isobaric P-T path, rapid heating rate, and ∼20 Myr duration (1872–1850 Ma) of peak conditions suggest that this metamorphism occurred in a back-arc tectonic setting. The sample records post-peak (1850–1815 Ma) mid-crustal residence, slow cooling, and exhumation. Further retrogression occurred during Proterozoic regional exhumation (1630–1470 Ma) and Phanerozoic (360–220 Ma) reheating and/or fluid influx. Evidence for Paleoproterozoic arc(s) supports geophysical data for Archean cratonic and Paleoproterozoic arc crust in this region.
Legacy contaminants and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were assessed in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) tissue and diet samples from three drainages in the Milwaukee estuary, Wisconsin, USA, to understand exposures and possible biomarker responses. Two remote Wisconsin lakes were assessed for comparative purposes. Bioaccumulative classes of contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, while at higher concentrations than the reference lakes, did not vary significantly among sites or among the three drainages. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were assessed in diet and sediment and were from primarily pyrogenic sources. Ten biomarkers were assessed relative to contaminant exposure. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were elevated above reference conditions at all Milwaukee sites but did not correlate with any measured biomarker responses. Only one site, Cedarburg, just downstream from a Superfund site, had elevated PCBs compared to other sites in the Milwaukee estuary. Few non-organochlorine insecticides or herbicides were detected in tree swallow liver tissue, except for the atrazine metabolite desethylatrazine. Few pharmaceuticals and personal care products were detected in liver tissue except for N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, iopamidol, and two antibiotics. The present study is one of the most comprehensive assessments to date, along with the previously published Maumee River data, on the exposure and effects of a wide variety of CECs in birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–22. © 2024 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.