{"pageNumber":"191","pageRowStart":"4750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16460,"records":[{"id":70120726,"text":"70120726 - 2010 - Overview of selected surrogate technologies for high-temporal resolution suspended-sediment monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T15:52:36","indexId":"70120726","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T15:49:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Overview of selected surrogate technologies for high-temporal resolution suspended-sediment monitoring","docAbstract":"<p> Traditional methods for characterizing selected properties of suspended sediments in rivers are being augmented and in some cases replaced by cost-effective surrogate instruments and methods that produce a temporally dense time series of quantifiably accurate data for use primarily in sediment-flux computations. Turbidity is the most common such surrogate technology, and the first to be sanctioned by the U.S. Geological Survey for use in producing data used in concert with water-discharge data to compute sediment concentrations and fluxes for storage in the National Water Information System. Other technologies, including laser-diffraction, digital photo-optic, acoustic-attenuation and backscatter, and pressure-difference techniques are being evaluated for producing reliable sediment concentration and, in some cases, particle-size distribution data. Each technology addresses a niche for sediment monitoring. Their performances range from compelling to disappointing. Some of these technologies have the potential to revolutionize fluvial-sediment data collection, analysis, and availability.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., and Gartner, J.W., 2010, Overview of selected surrogate technologies for high-temporal resolution suspended-sediment monitoring, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292340,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"},{"id":292339,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/Contents/3C_Gray_surrogates_3_3_2010_paper.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed6e4b0bfa1f993efe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70120717,"text":"70120717 - 2010 - Fluvial sediment in the environment: a national challenge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T12:49:07","indexId":"70120717","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fluvial sediment in the environment: a national challenge","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment and sediment-associated constituents can contribute substantially to water-quality impairment. In the past, sediment was viewed mainly as an engineering problem that affected reservoir storage capacity, shipping channel maintenance, and bridge scour, as well as the loss of agricultural soil. Sediment is now recognized as a major cause of aquatic system degradation in many rivers and streams as a result of light attenuation, loss of spawning substrate due to fine-grained sediment infilling, reduction in primary productivity, decreases in biotic diversity, and effects from sediment-associated chemical constituents. Recent advances in sediment measurement, assessment, source-identification, and analytical protocols provide new capabilities to quantify sediment and solid-phase chemical fluxes in aquatic systems. Developing, maintaining, and augmenting current sediment- and water-quality-monitoring networks is essential for determining the health of U.S. waterways and for evaluating the effectiveness of management actions in reducing sediment-related problems. The application of new scientific capabilities that address the adverse effects of sediment and sediment- associated constituents represents a major step in managing the Nation’s water quality. A robust Federal, national-scale eff rt, in collaboration with vested stakeholders, is needed to address these sediment-related water-quality issues across the United States.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"ACWI","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., Gellis, A., Glysson, G.D., Gray, J.R., and Horowitz, A.J., 2010, Fluvial sediment in the environment: a national challenge, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues, Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-020143","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292333,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/Contents/OS_Larsen_9fisc_sediment_vision_3_4_2010.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ecfe4b0bfa1f993ef58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":1709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen C.","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70120715,"text":"70120715 - 2010 - Development of a national, dynamic reservoir-sedimentation database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T09:11:49","indexId":"70120715","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T15:21:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a national, dynamic reservoir-sedimentation database","docAbstract":"<p>The importance of dependable, long-term water supplies, coupled with the need to quantify rates of capacity loss of the Nation’s re servoirs due to sediment deposition, were the most compelling reasons for developing the REServoir- SEDimentation survey information (RESSED) database and website. Created under the auspices of the Advisory Committee on Water Information’s Subcommittee on Sedimenta ion by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the RESSED database is the most comprehensive compilation of data from reservoir bathymetric and dry-basin surveys in the United States. As of March 2010, the database, which contains data compiled on the 1950s vintage Soil Conservation Service’s Form SCS-34 data sheets, contained results from 6,616 surveys on 1,823 reservoirs in the United States and two surveys on one reservoir in Puerto Rico. The data span the period 1755–1997, with 95 percent of the surveys performed from 1930–1990. The reservoir surface areas range from sub-hectare-scale farm ponds to 658 km<sup>2</sup> Lake Powell. The data in the RESSED database can be useful for a number of purposes, including calculating changes in reservoir-storage characteristics, quantifying sediment budgets, and estimating erosion rates in a reservoir’s watershed.</p><p><br></p><p>The March 2010 version of the RESSED database has a number of deficiencies, including a cryptic and out-of-date database architecture; some geospatial inaccuracies (although most have been corrected); other data errors; an inability to store all data in a readily retrievable manner; and an inability to store all data types that currently exist. Perhaps most importantly, the March 2010 version of RESSED database provides no publicly available means to submit new data and corrections to existing data. To address these and other deficiencies, the Subcommittee on Sedimentation, through the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, began a collaborative project in November 2009 to modernize the RESSED database architecture; provide public online input capability; and produce online reports. The ultimate goal of the Subcommittee on Sedimentation is to build a comprehensive, quality-assured database describing capacity changes over time for the largest suite of the Nation’s reservoirs.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., Bernard, J., Stewart, D.W., McFaul, E., Laurent, K., Schwarz, G., Stinson, J., Jonas, M., Randle, T., and Webb, J., 2010, Development of a national, dynamic reservoir-sedimentation database, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 27-July 1, 2010, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292327,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"},{"id":294561,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/Contents/7C_Gray_ressed_3_4_2010_paper.pdf"}],"country":"United States;Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec6e4b0bfa1f993ef07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. 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E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stinson, J.T.","contributorId":22700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jonas, M.M.","contributorId":42143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonas","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Randle, T. J.","contributorId":59074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randle","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Webb, J.W.","contributorId":40134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70120689,"text":"70120689 - 2010 - Computing time-series suspended-sediment concentrations and loads from in-stream turbidity-sensor and streamflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T14:14:44","indexId":"70120689","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T14:07:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Computing time-series suspended-sediment concentrations and loads from in-stream turbidity-sensor and streamflow data","docAbstract":"<p>Over the last decade, use of a method for computing suspended-sediment concentration and loads using turbidity sensors—primarily nephelometry, but also optical backscatter—has proliferated. Because an in- itu turbidity sensor is capa le of measuring turbidity instantaneously, a turbidity time series can be recorded and related directly to time-varying suspended-sediment concentrations. Depending on the suspended-sediment characteristics of the measurement site, this method can be more reliable and, in many cases, a more accurate means for computing suspended-sediment concentrations and loads than traditional U.S. Geological Survey computational methods.</p> <br> <p>Guidelines and procedures for estimating time s ries of suspended-sediment concentration and loading as a function of turbidity and streamflow data have been published in a U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods Report, Book 3, Chapter C4. This paper is a summary of these guidelines and discusses some of the concepts, s atistical procedures, and techniques used to maintain a multiyear suspended sediment time series.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P.P., Gray, J.R., Glysson, G.D., and Ziegler, A., 2010, Computing time-series suspended-sediment concentrations and loads from in-stream turbidity-sensor and streamflow data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292315,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"},{"id":292316,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/Contents/8B_Rasmussen_03_01_10_paper.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec4e4b0bfa1f993eef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glysson, G. Doug","contributorId":10340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Doug","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043154,"text":"70043154 - 2010 - HIMALA: climate impacts on glaciers, snow, and hydrology in the Himalayan region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T16:06:01.267169","indexId":"70043154","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2790,"text":"Mountain Research and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"HIMALA: climate impacts on glaciers, snow, and hydrology in the Himalayan region","docAbstract":"Glaciers are the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth, supporting one third of the world's population. The Himalaya possess one of the largest resources of snow and ice, which act as a freshwater reservoir for more than 1.3 billion people. This article describes a new project called HIMALA, which focuses on utilizing satellite-based products for better understanding of hydrological processes of the river basins of the region. With support from the US Agency for International Development (USAID), the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), together with its partners and member countries, has been working on the application of satellite-based rainfall estimates for flood prediction. The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) partners are working with ICIMOD to incorporate snowmelt and glacier melt into a widely used hydrological model. Thus, through improved modeling of the contribution of snow and ice meltwater to river flow in the region, the HIMALA project will improve the ability of ICIMOD and its partners to understand the impact of weather and climate on floods, droughts, and other water- and climate-induced natural hazards in the Himalayan region in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.","language":"English","publisher":"International Mountain Society","publisherLocation":"Bern, Switzerland","doi":"10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00071.1","usgsCitation":"Brown, M.E., Ouyang, H., Habib, S., Shrestha, B., Shrestha, M., Panday, P., Tzortziou, M., Policelli, F., Artan, G.A., Giriraj, A., Bajracharya, S.R., and Racoviteanu, A., 2010, HIMALA: climate impacts on glaciers, snow, and hydrology in the Himalayan region: Mountain Research and Development, v. 30, no. 4, p. 401-404, https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00071.1.","productDescription":"4 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Frederick","contributorId":69440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Policelli","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Giriraj, Amarnath","contributorId":75414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giriraj","given":"Amarnath","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bajracharya, Sagar R.","contributorId":44443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bajracharya","given":"Sagar","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Racoviteanu, Adina","contributorId":21049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Racoviteanu","given":"Adina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70044408,"text":"70044408 - 2010 - Chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn in stormwater, roadway dust and stormwater pond sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:44:19","indexId":"70044408","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn in stormwater, roadway dust and stormwater pond sediments","docAbstract":"This study evaluated the chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn from source to deposition in a stormwater system. Cu and Zn concentrations and chemical fractionation were determined for roadway dust, roadway runoff and pond sediments. Stormwater Cu and Zn concentrations were used to generate cumulative frequency distributions to characterize potential exposure to pond-dwelling organisms. Dissolved stormwater Zn exceeded USEPA acute and chronic water quality criteria in approximately 20% of storm samples and 20% of the storm duration sampled. Dissolved Cu exceeded the previously published chronic criterion in 75% of storm samples and duration and exceeded the acute criterion in 45% of samples and duration. The majority of sediment Cu (92–98%) occurred in the most recalcitrant phase, suggesting low bioavailability; Zn was substantially more available (39–62% recalcitrant). Most sediment concentrations for Cu and Zn exceeded published threshold effect concentrations and Zn often exceeded probable effect concentrations in surface sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.02.024","usgsCitation":"Camponelli, K.M., Lev, S.M., Snodgrass, J.W., Landa, E.R., and Casey, R.E., 2010, Chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn in stormwater, roadway dust and stormwater pond sediments: Environmental Pollution, v. 158, no. 6, p. 2143-2149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.02.024.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2143","endPage":"2149","ipdsId":"IP-016905","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5173b8e4e4b0e619a5806ed2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camponelli, Kimberly M.","contributorId":18649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camponelli","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lev, Steven M.","contributorId":28880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lev","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snodgrass, Joel W.","contributorId":61318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snodgrass","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casey, Ryan E.","contributorId":85485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044511,"text":"70044511 - 2010 - Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T11:09:54","indexId":"70044511","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers","docAbstract":"<p><span>We tested three models of mixing between old interbasin groundwater flow (IGF) and young, locally derived groundwater in a lowland rain forest in Costa Rica using a large suite of environmental tracers. We focus on the young fraction of water using the transient tracers CFC‐11, CFC‐12, CFC‐113, SF</span><sub>6</sub><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H, and bomb<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>14</sup><span>C. We measured<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>He, but<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He dating is generally problematic due to the presence of mantle<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>He. Because of their unique concentration histories in the atmosphere, combinations of transient tracers are sensitive not only to subsurface travel times but also to mixing between waters having different travel times. Samples fall into three distinct categories: (1) young waters that plot along a piston flow line, (2) old samples that have near‐zero concentrations of the transient tracers, and (3) mixtures of 1 and 2. We have modeled the concentrations of the transient tracers using (1) a binary mixing model (BMM) of old and young water with the young fraction transported via piston flow, (2) an exponential mixing model (EMM) with a distribution of groundwater travel times characterized by a mean value, and (3) an exponential mixing model for the young fraction followed by binary mixing with an old fraction (EMM/BMM). In spite of the mathematical differences in the mixing models, they all lead to a similar conceptual model of young (0 to 10 year) groundwater that is locally derived mixing with old (&gt;1000 years) groundwater that is recharged beyond the surface water boundary of the system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008341","usgsCitation":"Solomon, D., Genereux, D., Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 2010, Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 4, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008341.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-013232","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.96578,8.22503],[-83.50844,8.44693],[-83.71147,8.65684],[-83.59631,8.83044],[-83.63264,9.05139],[-83.90989,9.2908],[-84.3034,9.48735],[-84.64764,9.61554],[-84.71335,9.90805],[-84.97566,10.08672],[-84.91137,9.79599],[-85.11092,9.55704],[-85.33949,9.83454],[-85.66079,9.93335],[-85.79744,10.13489],[-85.79171,10.43934],[-85.65931,10.75433],[-85.94173,10.89528],[-85.71254,11.08844],[-85.56185,11.21712],[-84.903,10.9523],[-84.67307,11.08266],[-84.35593,10.99923],[-84.19018,10.79345],[-83.89505,10.72684],[-83.65561,10.93876],[-83.40232,10.39544],[-83.01568,9.99298],[-82.5462,9.56613],[-82.93289,9.47681],[-82.92715,9.07433],[-82.71918,8.92571],[-82.86866,8.80727],[-82.82977,8.6263],[-82.91318,8.42352],[-82.96578,8.22503]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Costa Rica\"}}]}","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653873e4b077fa94dae022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solomon, D. Kip","contributorId":71441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"D. Kip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Genereux, David P.","contributorId":43649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genereux","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046095,"text":"70046095 - 2010 - Groundwater hydrology--coastal flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T17:43:34","indexId":"70046095","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater hydrology--coastal flow","docAbstract":"How groundwater flow varies when long-term external conditions change is little documented. Geochemical evidence shows that sea-level rise at the end of the last glacial period led to a shift in the flow patterns of coastal groundwater beneath Florida.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo958","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., 2010, Groundwater hydrology--coastal flow: Nature Geoscience, v. 3, p. 671-672, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo958.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"672","ipdsId":"IP-022610","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273072,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo958"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ac6964e4b0cc85b6ed6b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046093,"text":"70046093 - 2010 - Current challenges using models to forecast seawater intrusion: lessons from the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T17:47:42","indexId":"70046093","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Current challenges using models to forecast seawater intrusion: lessons from the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional model of the aquifer system of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA was calibrated to reproduce historical water levels and forecast the potential for saltwater intrusion. Future scenarios were simulated with two pumping schemes to predict potential areas of saltwater intrusion. Simulations suggest that only a few wells would be threatened with detectable salinity increases before 2050. The objective was to examine whether salinity increases can be accurately forecast for individual wells with such a model, and to address what the challenges are in making such model forecasts given current (2009) simulation capabilities. The analysis suggests that even with current computer capabilities, accurate simulations of concentrations within a regional-scale (many km) transition zone are computationally prohibitive. The relative paucity of data that is typical for such regions relative to what is needed for accurate transport simulations suggests that even with an infinitely powerful computer, accurate forecasting for a single well would still be elusive. Useful approaches may include local-grid refinement near wells and geophysical surveys, but it is important to keep expectations for simulated forecasts at wells in line with chloride concentration and other data that can be obtained at that local scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-009-0513-4","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., and Pope, J.P., 2010, Current challenges using models to forecast seawater intrusion: lessons from the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 1, p. 73-93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0513-4.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-011118","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294165,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0513-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.6754,36.5408 ], [ -83.6754,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,39.466 ], [ -75.2422,36.5408 ], [ -83.6754,36.5408 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a08be0e4b0e42455806566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045102,"text":"70045102 - 2010 - Inference of lithologic distributions in an alluvial aquifer using airborne transient electromagnetic surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:21:41","indexId":"70045102","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inference of lithologic distributions in an alluvial aquifer using airborne transient electromagnetic surveys","docAbstract":"An airborne transient electromagnetic (TEM) survey was completed in the Upper San Pedro Basin in southeastern Arizona to map resistivity distributions within the alluvial aquifer. This investigation evaluated the utility of 1D vertical resistivity models of the TEM data to infer lithologic distributions in an alluvial aquifer. Comparisons of the resistivity values and layers in the 1D resistivity models of airborne TEM data to 1D resistivity models of ground TEM data, borehole resistivity logs, and lithologic descriptions in drill logs indicated that the airborne TEM identified thick conductive fine-grained sediments that result in semiconfined groundwater conditions. One-dimensional models of ground-based TEM surveys and subsurface lithology at three sites were used to determine starting models and constraints to invert airborne TEM data using a constrained Marquardt-styleunderparameterized method. A maximum structural resolution of six layers underlain by a half-space was determined from the resistivity structure of the 1D models of the ground TEM data. The 1D resistivity models of the airborne TEM data compared well with the control data to depths of approximately 100 m in areas of thick conductive silt and clay and to depths of 200 m in areas of resistive sand and gravel. Comparison of a 3D interpolation of the 1D resistivity models to drill logs indicated resistive (mean of 65 ohm-m ) coarse-grained sediments along basin margins and conductive (mean of 8 ohm-m ) fine-grained sediments at the basin center. Extents of hydrologically significant thick silt and clay were well mapped by the 1D resistivity models of airborne TEM data. Areas of uncertain lithology remain below conductive fine-grained sediments where the 1D resistivity structure is not resolved: in areas where multiple lithologies have similar resistivity values and in areas of high salinity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3464325","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, J.E., Pool, D.R., Groom, R., and Davis, L., 2010, Inference of lithologic distributions in an alluvial aquifer using airborne transient electromagnetic surveys: Geophysics, v. 75, no. 4, p. WA149-WA161, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3464325.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"WA149","endPage":"WA161","ipdsId":"IP-014910","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273424,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3464325"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b300e4e4b01368e589e3d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, Jesse E. 0000-0002-0048-0839 jdickins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0839","contributorId":152545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Jesse","email":"jdickins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, D. R.","contributorId":75581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groom, R.W.","contributorId":59634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groom","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, L.J.","contributorId":99454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046626,"text":"70046626 - 2010 - Isotopic composition and origin of indigenous natural perchlorate and co-occurring nitrate in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T17:32:02","indexId":"70046626","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition and origin of indigenous natural perchlorate and co-occurring nitrate in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Perchlorate (ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>) has been detected widely in groundwater and soils of the southwestern United States. Much of this ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> appears to be natural, and it may have accumulated largely through wet and dry atmospheric deposition. This study evaluates the isotopic composition of natural ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> indigenous to the southwestern U.S. Stable isotope ratios were measured in ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> (δ<sup>18</sup>O, Δ<sup>17</sup>O, δ<sup>37</sup>Cl) and associated NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (δ<sup>18</sup>O, Δ<sup>17</sup>O, δ<sup>15</sup>N) in groundwater from the southern High Plains (SHP) of Texas and New Mexico and the Middle Rio Grande Basin (MRGB) in New Mexico, from unsaturated subsoil in the SHP, and from NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-rich surface caliche deposits near Death Valley, California. The data indicate natural ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> in the southwestern U.S. has a wide range of isotopic compositions that are distinct from those reported previously for natural ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> from the Atacama Desert of Chile as well as all known synthetic ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>. ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> in Death Valley caliche has a range of high Δ<sup>17</sup>O values (+8.6 to +18.4 ‰), overlapping and extending the Atacama range, indicating at least partial atmospheric formation via reaction with ozone (O<sub>3</sub>). However, the Death Valley δ<sup>37</sup>Cl values (−3.1 to −0.8 ‰) and δ<sup>18</sup>O values (+2.9 to +26.1‰) are higher than those of Atacama ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>. In contrast, ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> from western Texas and New Mexico has much lower Δ<sup>17</sup>O (+0.3 to +1.3‰), with relatively high δ<sup>37</sup>Cl (+3.4 to +5.1 ‰) and δ<sup>18</sup>O (+0.5 to +4.8 ‰), indicating either that this material was not primarily generated with O<sub>3</sub> as a reactant or that the ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> was affected by postdepositional O isotope exchange. High Δ<sup>17</sup>O values in ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> (Atacama and Death Valley) are associated with high Δ<sup>17</sup>O values in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, indicating that both compounds preserve characteristics of O<sub>3</sub>-related atmospheric production in hyper-arid settings, whereas both compounds have low Δ<sup>17</sup>O values in less arid settings. Although Δ<sup>17</sup>O variations in terrestrial NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> can be attributed to mixing of atmospheric (high Δ<sup>17</sup>O) and biogenic (low Δ<sup>17</sup>O) NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, variations in Δ<sup>17</sup>O of terrestrial ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> are not readily explained in the same way. This study provides important new constraints for identifying natural sources of ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> in different environments by multicomponent isotopic characteristics, while presenting the possibilities of divergent ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> formation mechanisms and(or) ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> isotopic exchange in biologically active environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es903802j","usgsCitation":"Jackson, W., Bohlke, J., Gu, B., Hatzinger, P., and Sturchio, N.C., 2010, Isotopic composition and origin of indigenous natural perchlorate and co-occurring nitrate in the southwestern United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 13, p. 4869-4876, https://doi.org/10.1021/es903802j.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4869","endPage":"4876","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273836,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es903802j"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"44","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02fefe4b0ee1529ed3d0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, W. 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Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gu, Baohua","contributorId":15504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Baohua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":43204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":88188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044309,"text":"70044309 - 2010 - Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T15:50:12","indexId":"70044309","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland","docAbstract":"<p><span>A series of tracer experiments were conducted biannually at the start and end of the vegetation growing season in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland located near Phoenix, AZ. Tracer experiments were conducted prior to and following reconfiguration and replanting of a 1.2 ha treatment wetland from its original design of alternating shallow and deep zones to incorporate hummocks (shallow planting beds situated perpendicular to flow). Tracer test data were analyzed using analysis of moments and the one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage numerical model to evaluate the effects of the seasonal vegetation growth cycle and hummocks on solute transport. Following reconfiguration, vegetation coverage was relatively small, and minor changes in spatial distribution influenced wetland hydraulics. During start‐up conditions, the wetland underwent an acclimation period characterized by small vegetation coverage and large transport cross‐sectional areas. At the start of the growing season, new growth of emergent vegetation enhanced hydraulic performance. At the end of the growing season, senescing vegetation created short‐circuiting. Wetland hydrodynamics were associated with high volumetric efficiencies and velocity heterogeneities. The hummock design resulted in breakthrough curves characterized by multiple secondary tracer peaks indicative of varied flow paths created by bottom topography.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009512","usgsCitation":"Keefe, S.H., Daniels, J.S., Runkel, R.L., Wass, R.D., Stiles, E.A., and Barber, L.B., 2010, Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 11, W11518; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009512.","productDescription":"W11518; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-007397","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009512","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70042092,"text":"70042092 - 2010 - Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by mineral weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:43:43","indexId":"70042092","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by mineral weathering","docAbstract":"Concentrations of weathering products in streams often show relatively little variation compared to changes in discharge, both at event and annual scales. In this study, several hypothesized mechanisms for this “chemostatic behavior” were evaluated, and the potential for those mechanisms to influence relations between climate, weathering fluxes, and CO<sub>2</sub> consumption via mineral weathering was assessed. Data from Loch Vale, an alpine catchment in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, indicates that cation exchange and seasonal precipitation and dissolution of amorphous or poorly crystalline aluminosilicates are important processes that help regulate solute concentrations in the stream; however, those processes have no direct effect on CO<sub>2</sub> consumption in catchments. Hydrograph separation analyses indicate that old water stored in the subsurface over the winter accounts for about one-quarter of annual streamflow, and almost one-half of annual fluxes of Na and SiO<sub>2</sub> in the stream; thus, flushing of old water by new water (snowmelt) is an important component of chemostatic behavior. Hydrologic flushing of subsurface materials further induces chemostatic behavior by reducing mineral saturation indices and increasing reactive mineral surface area, which stimulate mineral weathering rates. CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by carbonic acid mediated mineral weathering was quantified using mass-balance calculations; results indicated that silicate mineral weathering was responsible for approximately two-thirds of annual CO<sub>2</sub> consumption, and carbonate weathering was responsible for the remaining one-third. CO<sub>2</sub> consumption was strongly dependent on annual precipitation and temperature; these relations were captured in a simple statistical model that accounted for 71% of the annual variation in CO<sub>2</sub> consumption via mineral weathering in Loch Vale.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., and Mast, M.A., 2010, Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by mineral weathering: Chemical Geology, v. 269, no. 1-2, p. 40-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-017755","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264970,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"269","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d168e4b0a4aa5bb0b274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006006,"text":"70006006 - 2010 - Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in Iowa streams: An examination of underinvestigated compounds in agricultural basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:55:00","indexId":"70006006","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-27T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in Iowa streams: An examination of underinvestigated compounds in agricultural basins","docAbstract":"This study provides the first broad-scale investigation on the spatial and temporal occurrence of phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in streams in the United States. Fifteen stream sites across Iowa were sampled five times throughout the 2008 growing season to capture a range of climatic and crop-growth conditions. Basin size upstream from sampling sites ranged from 7 km<sup>2</sup> to >836,000 km<sup>2</sup> Atrazine (herbicide) also was measured in all samples as a frame-of-reference agriculturally derived contaminant. Target compounds were frequently detected in stream samples: atrazine (100%), formononetin (80%), equol (45%), deoxynivalenol (43%), daidzein (32%), biochanin A (23%), zearalenone (13%), and genistein (11%). The nearly ubiquitous detection of formononetin (isoflavone) suggests a widespread agricultural source, as one would expect with the intense row crop and livestock production present across Iowa. Conversely, the less spatially widespread detections of deoxynivalenol (mycotoxin) suggest a more variable source due to the required combination of proper host and proper temperature and moisture conditions necessary to promote <i>Fusarium</i> spp. infections. Although atrazine concentrations commonly exceeded 100 ng L<sup>-1</sup> (42/75 measurements), only deoxynivalenol (6/56 measurements) had concentrations that occasionally exceeded this level. Temporal patterns in concentrations varied substantially between atrazine, formononetin, and deoxynivalenol, as one would expect for contaminants with different source inputs and processes of formation and degradation. The greatest phytoestrogen and mycotoxin concentrations were observed during spring snowmelt conditions. Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins were detected at all sampling sites regardless of basin size. The ecotoxicological effects from long-term, low-level exposures to phytoestrogens and mycotoxins or complex chemicals mixtures including these compounds that commonly take place in surface water are poorly understood and have yet to be systematically investigated in environmental studies.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2010.0121","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Hoerger, C.C., Meyer, M.T., Wettstein, F.E., Hubbard, L.E., and Bucheli, T.D., 2010, Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in Iowa streams: An examination of underinvestigated compounds in agricultural basins: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 39, no. 6, p. 2089-2099, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0121.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2099","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0121","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b30e4b0c8380cd792e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoerger, Corinne C.","contributorId":104357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoerger","given":"Corinne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wettstein, Felix E.","contributorId":96974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wettstein","given":"Felix","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hubbard, Laura E. 0000-0003-3813-1500 lhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-1500","contributorId":4221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Laura","email":"lhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bucheli, Thomas D.","contributorId":71455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucheli","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037768,"text":"70037768 - 2010 - Effects of hydrologic infrastructure on flow regimes of California's Central Valley rivers: Implications for fish populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-16T01:01:49","indexId":"70037768","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-06T20:16:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hydrologic infrastructure on flow regimes of California's Central Valley rivers: Implications for fish populations","docAbstract":"Alteration of natural flow regimes is generally acknowledged to have negative effects on native biota; however, methods for defining ecologically appropriate flow regimes in managed river systems are only beginning to be developed. Understanding how past and present water management has affected rivers is an important part of developing such tools. In this paper, we evaluate how existing hydrologic infrastructure and management affect streamflow characteristics of rivers in the Central Valley, California and discuss those characteristics in the context of habitat requirements of native and alien fishes. We evaluated the effects of water management by comparing observed discharges with estimated discharges assuming no water management (\"full natural runoff\"). Rivers in the Sacramento River drainage were characterized by reduced winter&ndash;spring discharges and augmented discharges in other months. Rivers in the San Joaquin River drainage were characterized by reduced discharges in all months but particularly in winter and spring. Two largely unaltered streams had hydrographs similar to those based on full natural runoff of the regulated rivers. The reduced discharges in the San Joaquin River drainage streams are favourable for spawning of many alien species, which is consistent with observed patterns of fish distribution and abundance in the Central Valley. However, other factors, such as water temperature, are also important to the relative success of native and alien resident fishes. As water management changes in response to climate change and societal demands, interdisciplinary programs of research and monitoring will be essential for anticipating effects on fishes and to avoid unanticipated ecological outcomes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/rra.1293","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., and Bauer, M.L., 2010, Effects of hydrologic infrastructure on flow regimes of California's Central Valley rivers: Implications for fish populations: River Research and Applications, v. 26, no. 6, p. 751-765, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1293.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"765","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1293","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071fe4b0c8380cd51581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, Marissa L.","contributorId":30359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Marissa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038187,"text":"70038187 - 2010 - A comparison of litter production in young and old baldcypress (Taxodium distichum L.) stands at Caddo Lake, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"70038187","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T10:29:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3534,"text":"Texas Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of litter production in young and old baldcypress (Taxodium distichum L.) stands at Caddo Lake, Texas","docAbstract":"Aboveground primary productivity for cypress forests was assessed from measurements of litter production in two age groups and in two hydrological regimes (standing water and free-flowing). Caddo Lake, located in northeast Texas on the Texas-Louisiana border, offered a unique study site since it is dominated by extensive stands composed entirely of Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich, (baldcypress) in different age groups. Young stands (approximately 100 years old) are found along the shoreline and on shallow flooded islands. Old stands (-150 to 300 years old) are found in deeper water where they were continuously flooded. Litter production over three years from October 1998 to September 2001 was measured. Litter consisting of leaves, twigs, bark, reproductive parts, and Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Spanish moss) was collected monthly using 0.5 m<sup>2</sup> floating traps. Tree diameters were measured within 200 m<sup>2</sup> circular plots in each stand. The young stands supported densities greater than 2,000 stems/ha and a mean stand basal area of 72.3 m<sup>2</sup>/ha, whereas old stands supported lower densities of about 500 stems/ha but with a similar mean stand basal area of 73.3 m<sup>2</sup>/ha. There was a significant difference between old and young stands for overall yearly litter production, averaging about 670 g/m<sup>2</sup>/yr in the young stands and 460 g/m<sup>2</sup>/yr in the old stands. Leaves and twigs were significantly greater in the young stands, while reproductive parts were higher in old stands. Litter collections between years or hydrological regimes were not significantly different.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Texas Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Texas Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"www.texasacademyofscience.org","usgsCitation":"McCoy, J.W., Draugelis-Dale, R.O., Keeland, B.D., and Darville, R., 2010, A comparison of litter production in young and old baldcypress (Taxodium distichum L.) stands at Caddo Lake, Texas: Texas Journal of Science, v. 62, no. 1, p. 25-40.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Caddo Lake","volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e35de4b0c8380cd45fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy, John W. 0000-0003-3013-730X mccoyj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3013-730X","contributorId":3082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"John","email":"mccoyj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O. 0000-0001-8532-3287 daler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-3287","contributorId":20422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draugelis-Dale","given":"Rassa","email":"daler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeland, Bobby D.","contributorId":103506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"Bobby","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Darville, Roy","contributorId":91723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darville","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70007374,"text":"sim3109 - 2010 - Surficial geologic map of the Amboy 30' x 60' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T19:28:26.983869","indexId":"sim3109","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3109","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Amboy 30' x 60' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map of the Amboy 30' x 60' quadrangle presents characteristics of surficial materials for an area of approximately 5,000 km<sup>2</sup> in the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California. This map consists of new surficial mapping conducted between 2000 and 2007, as well as compilations from previous surficial mapping. Surficial geologic units are mapped and described based on depositional process and age categories that reflect the mode of deposition, pedogenic effects following deposition, and, where appropriate, the lithologic nature of the material. Many physical properties were noted and measured during the geologic mapping. This information was used to classify surficial deposits and to understand their ecological importance. We focus on physical properties that drive hydrologic, biologic, and physical processes such as particle-size distribution (PSD) and bulk density. The database contains point data representing locations of samples for both laboratory determined physical properties and semiquantitative field-based information in the database. We include the locations of all field observations and note the type of information collected in the field to help assist in assessing the quality of the mapping. The publication is separated into three parts: documentation, spatial data, and printable map graphics of the database. Documentation includes this pamphlet, which provides a discussion of the surficial geology and units and the map. Spatial data are distributed as ArcGIS Geodatabase in Microsoft Access format and are accompanied by a readme file, which describes the database contents, and FGDC metadata for the spatial map information. Map graphics files are distributed as Postscript and Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files that provide a view of the spatial database at the mapped scale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3109","usgsCitation":"Bedford, D., Miller, D., and Phelps, G., 2010, Surficial geologic map of the Amboy 30' x 60' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3109, Pamphlet: iv, 20 p.; 1 Plate: 56.00 x 30.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Data Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3109.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 20 p.; 1 Plate: 56.00 x 30.00 inches; Readme; Metadata; Data Download","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3109.png"},{"id":398861,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93795.htm"},{"id":115885,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"NAD27","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernadino County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,34.5 ], [ -116,35 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -115,34.5 ], [ -116,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba1dce4b08c986b31f362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":17262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007518,"text":"70007518 - 2010 - Tapping environmental history to recreate America's colonial hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"70007518","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-19T15:42:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tapping environmental history to recreate America's colonial hydrology","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout American history water resources have played integral roles in shaping patterns of human settlement and networks of biological and economic exchange. In turn, humans have altered hydrologic systems to meet their needs. A paucity of climate and water discharge data for the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, however, has left America's preindustrial hydrology largely unstudied. As a result, there have been few detailed, quantifiable, regional assessments of hydrologic change between the time of first European settlement and the dawn of industrial expansion.</p>\n<p>As scientists labor to understand present-day hydrologic systems and make predictions about the future, the value of expanding the geographic (1, 2) and temporal scopes (3, 4) of their studies has become increasingly evident. Pollen and tree-ring analyses have helped shed light on past climate and land-use patterns. But other nonscientific sources and methods can be equally revealing and in some cases complement empirical studies (5). This paper argues that environmental science, particularly that concerned with the human dimensions of water resources, stands to profit from using historical literature and archival sources. By considering work in environmental history, forging closer working relationships between the geophysical and social sciences, and seriously entertaining narratives as a form of evidence, environmental scientists can not only look farther into the past and across broader geographic areas, but they can also more accurately describe the nuances and complexities that define the ways humans have changed the world around them. In this paper, we present the recommendations of a multidisciplinary summer institute that developed 1) a conceptual and methodological framework for conducting historical hydrology, and 2) suggestions for ways that historical information can be used to inform the hydrologic sciences. Our intent here is to encourage further work along these or similar lines. We believe that future efforts that build on our famework and draw and expand upon the sources referenced below will produce scholarship of great utility to both environmental and social sciences.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es102672c","usgsCitation":"Pastore, C.L., Green, M., Bain, D., Munoz-Hernandez, A., Vorosmarty, C.J., Arrigo, J., Brandt, S., Duncan, J., Greco, F., Kim, H., Kumar, S., Lally, M., Parolari, A.J., Pellerin, B.A., Salant, N., Schlosser, A., and Zalzal, K., 2010, Tapping environmental history to recreate America's colonial hydrology: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 23, p. 8798-8803, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102672c.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8798","endPage":"8803","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493327,"rank":101,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://epublications.marquette.edu/civengin_fac/180","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204711,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es102672c","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"44","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3e0e4b08c986b31ff4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pastore, Christopher L.","contributorId":98182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastore","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Mark B.","contributorId":86231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Mark B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bain, Daniel J.","contributorId":29276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munoz-Hernandez, Andrea","contributorId":12332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munoz-Hernandez","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vorosmarty, Charles J.","contributorId":77004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vorosmarty","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arrigo, Jennifer","contributorId":92528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrigo","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brandt, Sara","contributorId":23023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Sara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duncan, Jonathan M.","contributorId":105977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Jonathan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Greco, Francesca","contributorId":73070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greco","given":"Francesca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kim, Hyojin","contributorId":36019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Hyojin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kumar, Sanjiv","contributorId":48448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Sanjiv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lally, Michael","contributorId":50790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lally","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Parolari, Anthony J.","contributorId":77425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parolari","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Salant, Nira","contributorId":35197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salant","given":"Nira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schlosser, Adam","contributorId":36426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Zalzal, Kate","contributorId":71447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zalzal","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70005927,"text":"70005927 - 2010 - Vegetation index methods for estimating evapotranspiration by remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-10T17:08:31.176037","indexId":"70005927","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-29T12:26:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3503,"text":"Surveys in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation index methods for estimating evapotranspiration by remote sensing","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) is the largest term after precipitation in terrestrial water budgets. Accurate estimates of ET are needed for numerous agricultural and natural resource management tasks and to project changes in hydrological cycles due to potential climate change. We explore recent methods that combine vegetation indices (VI) from satellites with ground measurements of actual ET (ETa) and meteorological data to project ETa over a wide range of biome types and scales of measurement, from local to global estimates. The majority of these use time-series imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer on the Terra satellite to project ET over seasons and years. The review explores the theoretical basis for the methods, the types of ancillary data needed, and their accuracy and limitations. Coefficients of determination between modeled ETa and measured ETa are in the range of 0.45&ndash;0.95, and root mean square errors are in the range of 10&ndash;30% of mean ETa values across biomes, similar to methods that use thermal infrared bands to estimate ETa and within the range of accuracy of the ground measurements by which they are calibrated or validated. The advent of frequent-return satellites such as Terra and planed replacement platforms, and the increasing number of moisture and carbon flux tower sites over the globe, have made these methods feasible. Examples of operational algorithms for ET in agricultural and natural ecosystems are presented. The goal of the review is to enable potential end-users from different disciplines to adapt these methods to new applications that require spatially-distributed ET estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Surveys in Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10712-010-9102-2","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., and Huete, A.R., 2010, Vegetation index methods for estimating evapotranspiration by remote sensing: Surveys in Geophysics, v. 31, no. 6, p. 531-555, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-010-9102-2.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"531","endPage":"555","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1d8e4b08c986b32a7b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo R.","contributorId":87291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003525,"text":"70003525 - 2010 - Use and environmental occurrence of pharmaceuticals in freestall dairy farms with manured forage fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T12:28:52","indexId":"70003525","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-22T15:08:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use and environmental occurrence of pharmaceuticals in freestall dairy farms with manured forage fields","docAbstract":"<p><span>Environmental releases of antibiotics from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are of increasing regulatory concern. This study investigates the use and occurrence of antibiotics in dairy CAFOs and their potential transport into first-encountered groundwater. On two dairies we conducted four seasonal sampling campaigns, each across 13 animal production and waste management systems and associated environmental pathways: application to animals, excretion to surfaces, manure collection systems, soils, and shallow groundwater. Concentrations of antibiotics were determined using on line solid phase extraction (OLSPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) for water samples, and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) LC/MS/MS with ESI for solid samples. A variety of antibiotics were applied at both farms leading to antibiotics excretion of several hundred grams per farm per day. Sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and their epimers/isomers, and lincomycin were most frequently detected. Yet, despite decades of use, antibiotic occurrence appeared constrained to within farm boundaries. The most frequent antibiotic detections were associated with lagoons, hospital pens, and calf hutches. When detected below ground, tetracyclines were mainly found in soils, whereas sulfonamides were found in shallow groundwater reflecting key differences in their physicochemical properties. In manure lagoons, 10 compounds were detected including tetracyclines and trimethoprim. Of these 10, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, and lincomycin were found in shallow groundwater directly downgradient from the lagoons. Antibiotics were sporadically detected in field surface samples on fields with manure applications, but not in underlying sandy soils. Sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethazine were detected in shallow groundwater near field flood irrigation gates, but at highly attenuated levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es100834s","usgsCitation":"Watanabe, N., Bergamaschi, B., Loftin, K.A., Meyer, M.T., and Harter, T., 2010, Use and environmental occurrence of pharmaceuticals in freestall dairy farms with manured forage fields: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 17, p. 6591-6600, https://doi.org/10.1021/es100834s.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6591","endPage":"6600","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2931405","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe4de4b08c986b3294fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watanabe, Naoko","contributorId":102629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"Naoko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harter, Thomas","contributorId":48705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harter","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003972,"text":"70003972 - 2010 - The role of discharge variation in scaling of drainage area and food chain length in rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T13:46:10.750299","indexId":"70003972","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T11:58:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of discharge variation in scaling of drainage area and food chain length in rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Food chain length (FCL) is a fundamental component of food web structure. Studies in a variety of ecosystems suggest that FCL is determined by energy supply, environmental stability, and/or ecosystem size, but the nature of the relationship between environmental stability and FCL, and the mechanism linking ecosystem size to FCL, remain unclear. Here we show that FCL increases with drainage area and decreases with hydrologic variability and intermittency across 36 North American rivers. Our analysis further suggests that hydrologic variability is the mechanism underlying the correlation between ecosystem size and FCL in rivers. Ecosystem size lengthens river food chains by integrating and attenuating discharge variation through stream networks, thereby enhancing environmental stability in larger river systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1196005","usgsCitation":"Sabo, J.L., Finlay, J.C., Kennedy, T., and Post, D., 2010, The role of discharge variation in scaling of drainage area and food chain length in rivers: Science, v. 330, no. 6006, p. 965-967, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196005.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"967","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"330","issue":"6006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf67e4b08c986b324778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabo, John L.","contributorId":39929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlay, Jacques C.","contributorId":19695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlay","given":"Jacques","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. tkennedy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","email":"tkennedy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Post, David M.","contributorId":69700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003861,"text":"70003861 - 2010 - Measurement of dissolved organic matter fluorescense in aquatic environments: An interlaboratory comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:13:35","indexId":"70003861","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of dissolved organic matter fluorescense in aquatic environments: An interlaboratory comparison","docAbstract":"The fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are often studied in order to infer DOM characteristics in aquatic environments, including source, quantity, composition, and behavior. While a potentially powerful technique, a single widely implemented standard method for correcting and presenting fluorescence measurements is lacking, leading to difficulties when comparing data collected by different research groups. This paper reports on a large-scale interlaboratory comparison in which natural samples and well-characterized fluorophores were analyzed in 20 laboratories in the U.S., Europe, and Australia. Shortcomings were evident in several areas, including data quality-assurance, the accuracy of spectral correction factors used to correct EEMs, and the treatment of optically dense samples. Data corrected by participants according to individual laboratory procedures were more variable than when corrected under a standard protocol. Wavelength dependency in measurement precision and accuracy were observed within and between instruments, even in corrected data. In an effort to reduce future occurrences of similar problems, algorithms for correcting and calibrating EEMs are described in detail, and MATLAB scripts for implementing the study's protocol are provided. Combined with the recent expansion of spectral fluorescence standards, this approach will serve to increase the intercomparability of DOM fluorescence studies.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es102362t","usgsCitation":"Murphy, K.R., Butler, K.D., Spencer, R., Stedmon, C.A., Boehme, J.R., and Aiken, G.R., 2010, Measurement of dissolved organic matter fluorescense in aquatic environments: An interlaboratory comparison: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 24, p. 9405-9412, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102362t.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9405","endPage":"9412","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52fce4b0c8380cd6c7d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Kathleen R.","contributorId":61714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. 0000-0001-9604-4603 kebutler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4603","contributorId":178885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stedmon, Colin A.","contributorId":10679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedmon","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boehme, Jennifer R.","contributorId":69849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehme","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70003627,"text":"70003627 - 2010 - The importance of the riparian zone and in-stream processes in nitrate attenuation in undisturbed and agricultural watersheds &ndash; a review of the scientific literature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-03T17:03:08","indexId":"70003627","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:41:30","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of the riparian zone and in-stream processes in nitrate attenuation in undisturbed and agricultural watersheds &ndash; a review of the scientific literature","docAbstract":"We reviewed published studies from primarily glaciated regions in the United States, Canada, and Europe of the (1) transport of nitrate from terrestrial ecosystems to aquatic ecosystems, (2) attenuation of nitrate in the riparian zone of undisturbed and agricultural watersheds, (3) processes contributing to nitrate attenuation in riparian zones, (4) variation in the attenuation of nitrate in the riparian zone, and (5) importance of in-stream and hyporheic processes for nitrate attenuation in the stream channel. Our objectives were to synthesize the results of these studies and suggest methodologies to (1) monitor regional trends in nitrate concentration in undisturbed 1st order watersheds and (2) reduce nitrate loads in streams draining agricultural watersheds. Our review reveals that undisturbed headwater watersheds have been shown to be very retentive of nitrogen, but the importance of biogeochemical and hydrological riparian zone processes in retaining nitrogen in these watersheds has not been demonstrated as it has for agricultural watersheds. An understanding of the role of the riparian zone in nitrate attenuation in undisturbed watersheds is crucial because these watersheds are increasingly subject to stressors, such as changes in land use and climate, wildfire, and increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition. In general, understanding processes controlling the concentration and flux of nitrate is critical to identifying and mapping the vulnerability of watersheds to water quality changes due to a variety of stressors. In undisturbed and agricultural watersheds we propose that understanding the importance of riparian zone processes in 2nd order and larger watersheds is critical. Research is needed that addresses the relative importance of how the following sources of nitrate along any given stream reach might change as watersheds increase in size and with flow: (1) inputs upstream from the reach, (2) tributary inflow, (3) water derived from the riparian zone, (4) groundwater from outside the riparian zone (intermediate or regional sources), and (5) in-stream (hyporheic) processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.045","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A.J., and Macalady, D.L., 2010, The importance of the riparian zone and in-stream processes in nitrate attenuation in undisturbed and agricultural watersheds &ndash; a review of the scientific literature: Journal of Hydrology, v. 389, p. 406-415, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.045.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"415","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258096,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.045","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"389","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad01e4b08c986b3238f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, Anthony J. tranalli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"Anthony","email":"tranalli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":348012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macalady, Donald L.","contributorId":62049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039774,"text":"70039774 - 2010 - Geomorphic Framework to assess changes to aquatic habitat due to flow regulation and channel and floodplain alteration, Cedar River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-31T01:01:45","indexId":"70039774","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:25:02","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":371,"text":"Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Geomorphic Framework to assess changes to aquatic habitat due to flow regulation and channel and floodplain alteration, Cedar River, Washington","docAbstract":"Flow regulation, bank armoring, and floodplain alteration since the early 20th century have contributed to significant changes in the hydrologic regime and geomorphic processes of the Cedar River in Washington State. The Cedar River originates in the Cascade Range, provides drinking water to the Seattle metropolitan area, and supports several populations of anadromous salmonids. Flow regulation currently has limited influence on the magnitude, duration, and timing of high-flow events, which affect the incubation of salmonids as well as the production and maintenance of their habitat. Unlike structural changes to the channel and floodplain, flow regulation may be modified in the short-term to improve the viability of salmon populations. An understanding of the effects of flow regulation on those populations must be discerned over a range of scales from individual floods that affect the size of individual year classes to decadal high flow regime that influences the amount and quality of channel and off-channel habitat available for spawning and rearing. We present estimates of reach-scale sediment budgets and changes to channel morphology derived from historical orthoimagery, specific gage analyses at four long-term streamflow-gaging stations to quantify trends in aggradation, and hydrologic statistics of the magnitude and duration of peak streamflows. These data suggest a gradient of channel types from unconfined, sediment-rich segments to confined, sediment-poor segments that are likely to have distinct responses to high flows. Particle-size distribution data and longitudinal water surface and streambed profiles for the 56 km downstream of Chester Morse Lake measured in 2010 show the spatial extent of preferred salmonid habitat along the Cedar River. These historical and current data constitute a geomorphic framework to help assess different river management scenarios for salmonid habitat and population viability.  PDF version of a presentation on changes to aquatic habitat at the Cedar River in Washington state. Presented at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2010.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039774","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., Magirl, C.S., Czuba, C.R., Konrad, C.P., and Little, R., 2010, Geomorphic Framework to assess changes to aquatic habitat due to flow regulation and channel and floodplain alteration, Cedar River, Washington: Monograph, 1 Sheet: 48 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70039774.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 48 x 36 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260042,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wa.water.usgs.gov/projects/cedarriverpeakflows/data/gendaszek_AGU_2010.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2779e4b0c8380cd5990f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Little, Rand","contributorId":39630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Rand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003371,"text":"70003371 - 2010 - Use of regression‐based models to map sensitivity of aquatic resources to atmospheric deposition in Yosemite National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T14:22:23","indexId":"70003371","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of regression‐based models to map sensitivity of aquatic resources to atmospheric deposition in Yosemite National Park, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>An abundance of exposed bedrock, sparse soil and vegetation, and fast hydrologic flushing rates make aquatic ecosystems in Yosemite National Park susceptible to nutrient enrichment and episodic acidification due to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). In this study, multiple linear regression (MLR) models were created to estimate fall‐season nitrate and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in surface water in Yosemite wilderness. Input data included estimated winter N deposition, fall‐season surface‐water chemistry measurements at 52 sites, and basin characteristics derived from geographic information system layers of topography, geology, and vegetation. The MLR models accounted for 84% and 70% of the variance in surface‐water nitrate and ANC, respectively. Explanatory variables (and the sign of their coefficients) for nitrate included elevation (positive) and the abundance of neoglacial and talus deposits (positive), unvegetated terrain (positive), alluvium (negative), and riparian (negative) areas in the basins. Explanatory variables for ANC included basin area (positive) and the abundance of metamorphic rocks (positive), unvegetated terrain (negative), water (negative), and winter N deposition (negative) in the basins. The MLR equations were applied to 1407 stream reaches delineated in the National Hydrography Data Set for Yosemite, and maps of predicted surface‐water nitrate and ANC concentrations were created. Predicted surface‐water nitrate concentrations were highest in small, high‐elevation cirques, and concentrations declined downstream. Predicted ANC concentrations showed the opposite pattern, except in high‐elevation areas underlain by metamorphic rocks along the Sierran Crest, which had relatively high predicted ANC (&gt;200&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>eq L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Maps were created to show where basin characteristics predispose aquatic resources to nutrient enrichment and acidification effects from N and S deposition. The maps can be used to help guide development of water‐quality programs designed to monitor and protect natural resources in national parks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008316","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., Nanus, L., and Huggett, B., 2010, Use of regression‐based models to map sensitivity of aquatic resources to atmospheric deposition in Yosemite National Park, USA: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 9, Article W09529; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008316.","productDescription":"Article W09529; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008316","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite Nataional Park","volume":"46","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf6be4b08c986b329b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nanus, Leora","contributorId":27930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"Leora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huggett, Brian","contributorId":33164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huggett","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}