{"pageNumber":"191","pageRowStart":"4750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16504,"records":[{"id":70036356,"text":"70036356 - 2011 - Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T23:38:31","indexId":"70036356","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context","docAbstract":"We synthesize existing evidence on the ecological history of the Florida Everglades since its inception ~7 ka (calibrated kiloannum) and evaluate the relative impacts of sea level rise, climate variability, and human alteration of Everglades hydrology on wetland plant communities. Initial freshwater peat accumulation began between 6 and 7 ka on the platform underlying modern Florida Bay when sea level was ~6.2 m below its current position. By 5 ka, sawgrass and waterlily peats covered the area bounded by Lake Okeechobee to the north and the Florida Keys to the south. Slower rates of relative sea level rise ~3 ka stabilized the south Florida coastline and initiated transitions from freshwater to mangrove peats near the coast. Hydrologic changes in freshwater marshes also are indicated ~3 ka. During the last ~2 ka, the Everglades wetland was affected by a series of hydrologic fluctuations related to regional to global-scale fluctuations in climate and sea level. Pollen evidence indicates that regional-scale droughts lasting two to four centuries occurred ~1 ka and ~0.4 ka, altering wetland community composition and triggering development of characteristic Everglades habitats such as sawgrass ridges and tree islands. Intercalation of mangrove peats with estuarine muds ~1 ka indicates a temporary slowing or stillstand of sea level. Although sustained droughts and Holocene sea level rise played large roles in structuring the greater Everglades ecosystem, twentieth century reductions in freshwater flow, compartmentalization of the wetland, and accelerated rates of sea level rise had unprecedented impacts on oxidation and subsidence of organic soils, changes/loss of key Everglades habitats, and altered distribution of coastal vegetation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Willard, D., and Bernhardt, C., 2011, Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context: Climatic Change, v. 107, no. 1, p. 59-80, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.52,24.85 ], [ -81.52,25.89 ], [ -80.39,25.89 ], [ -80.39,24.85 ], [ -81.52,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38f2e4b0c8380cd6174b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, Debra  A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra  A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035362,"text":"70035362 - 2011 - Effect of tidal fluctuations on transient dispersion of simulated contaminant concentrations in coastal aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T18:49:50.904694","indexId":"70035362","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of tidal fluctuations on transient dispersion of simulated contaminant concentrations in coastal aquifers","docAbstract":"<p>Variable-density groundwater models require extensive computational resources, particularly for simulations representing short-term hydrologic variability such as tidal fluctuations. Saltwater-intrusion models usually neglect tidal fluctuations and this may introduce errors in simulated concentrations. The effects of tides on simulated concentrations in a coastal aquifer were assessed. Three analyses are reported: in the first, simulations with and without tides were compared for three different dispersivity values. Tides do not significantly affect the transfer of a hypothetical contaminant into the ocean; however, the concentration difference between tidal and non-tidal simulations could be as much as 15%. In the second analysis, the dispersivity value for the model without tides was increased in a zone near the ocean boundary. By slightly increasing dispersivity in this zone, the maximum concentration difference between the simulations with and without tides was reduced to as low as 7%. In the last analysis, an apparent dispersivity value was calculated for each model cell using the simulated velocity variations from the model with tides. Use of apparent dispersivity values in models with a constant ocean boundary seems to provide a reasonable approach for approximating tidal effects in simulations where explicit representation of tidal fluctuations is not feasible.</p>","language":"English, French, Spanish","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0763-9","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"La Licata, I., Langevin, C.D., Dausman, A.M., and Alberti, L., 2011, Effect of tidal fluctuations on transient dispersion of simulated contaminant concentrations in coastal aquifers: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 7, p. 1313-1322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0763-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1322","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215161,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0763-9"}],"volume":"19","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0625e4b0c8380cd51108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Licata, Ivana","contributorId":15922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Licata","given":"Ivana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dausman, Alyssa M. adausman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dausman","given":"Alyssa","email":"adausman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alberti, Luca","contributorId":34817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alberti","given":"Luca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035060,"text":"70035060 - 2011 - Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:49:18","indexId":"70035060","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"aep-abstract-id19\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id20\"><p id=\"sp0045\">A 24-h field experiment was conducted during July 2008 at a wetland on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake (GSL) to assess the diurnal cycling of methylmercury (MeHg). Dissolved (&lt;&nbsp;0.45&nbsp;μm) MeHg showed a strong diurnal variation with consistently decreasing concentrations during daylight periods and increasing concentrations during non-daylight periods. The proportion of MeHg relative to total Hg in the water column consistently decreased with increasing sunlight duration, indicative of photodegradation. During the field experiment, measured MeHg photodegradation rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.06&nbsp;ng&nbsp;L<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>&nbsp;h<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>. Convective overturn of the water column driven by nighttime cooling of the water surface was hypothesized as the likely mechanism to replace the MeHg in the water column lost via photodegradation processes. A hydrodynamic model of the wetland successfully simulated convective overturn of the water column during the field experiment. Study results indicate that daytime monitoring of selected wetlands surrounding GSL may significantly underestimate the MeHg content in the water column. Wetland managers should consider practices that maximize the photodegradation of MeHg during daylight periods.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.005","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Cederberg, J., Krabbenhoft, D., Beisner, K.R., Whitehead, J., and Gardberg, J., 2011, Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 283, no. 1-2, p. 78-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":381,"text":"Mercury Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.236083984375,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.86279296875,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.86279296875,\n              41.763117447005875\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.236083984375,\n              41.763117447005875\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.236083984375,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"283","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0342e4b0c8380cd503bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cederberg, J.R.","contributorId":16239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederberg","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beisner, K. R. 0000-0002-2077-6899","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-6899","contributorId":30052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"K.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitehead, J.","contributorId":54409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardberg, J.","contributorId":42052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032670,"text":"70032670 - 2011 - Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-15T16:06:49","indexId":"70032670","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important hydrological process that can be studied and estimated at multiple spatial scales ranging from a leaf to a river basin. We present a review of methods in estimating basin scale ET and its applications in understanding basin water balance dynamics. The review focuses on two aspects of ET: (i) how the basin scale water balance approach is used to estimate ET; and (ii) how ‘direct’ measurement and modelling approaches are used to estimate basin scale ET. Obviously, the basin water balance-based ET requires the availability of good precipitation and discharge data to calculate ET as a residual on longer time scales (annual) where net storage changes are assumed to be negligible. ET estimated from such a basin water balance principle is generally used for validating the performance of ET models. On the other hand, many of the direct estimation methods involve the use of remotely sensed data to estimate spatially explicit ET and use basin-wide averaging to estimate basin scale ET. The direct methods can be grouped into soil moisture balance modelling, satellite-based vegetation index methods, and methods based on satellite land surface temperature measurements that convert potential ET into actual ET using a proportionality relationship. The review also includes the use of complementary ET estimation principles for large area applications. The review identifies the need to compare and evaluate the different ET approaches using standard data sets in basins covering different hydro-climatic regions of the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8379","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Leake, S., Nagler, P., Artan, G., Dickinson, J., Cordova, J., and Glenn, E.P., 2011, Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 26, p. 4037-4049, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8379.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4037","endPage":"4049","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8379"}],"volume":"25","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b0ee4b0c8380cd52540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S.","contributorId":90551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Artan, G.","contributorId":27262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dickinson, J.","contributorId":78562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordova, J.T.","contributorId":7511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035865,"text":"70035865 - 2011 - Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T13:10:39.404755","indexId":"70035865","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northern Rocky Mountains (NRMs) are a critical headwaters region with the majority of water resources originating from mountain snowpack. Observations showing declines in western U.S. snowpack have implications for water resources and biophysical processes in high-mountain environments. This study investigates oceanic and atmospheric controls underlying changes in timing, variability, and trends documented across the entire hydroclimatic-monitoring system within critical NRM watersheds. Analyses were conducted using records from 25 snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations, 148 1 April snow course records, stream gauge records from 14 relatively unimpaired rivers, and 37 valley meteorological stations. Over the past four decades, midelevation SNOTEL records show a tendency toward decreased snowpack with peak snow water equivalent (SWE) arriving and melting out earlier. Temperature records show significant seasonal and annual decreases in the number of frost days (days ≤0°C) and changes in spring minimum temperatures that correspond with atmospheric circulation changes and surface–albedo feedbacks in March and April. Warmer spring temperatures coupled with increases in mean and variance of spring precipitation correspond strongly to earlier snowmeltout, an increased number of snow-free days, and observed changes in streamflow timing and discharge. The majority of the variability in peak and total annual snowpack and streamflow, however, is explained by season-dependent interannual-to-interdecadal changes in atmospheric circulation associated with Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures. Over recent decades, increased spring precipitation appears to be buffering NRM total annual streamflow from what would otherwise be greater snow-related declines in hydrologic yield. Results have important implications for ecosystems, water resources, and long-lead-forecasting capabilities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2010JCLI3729.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Pederson, G.T., Gray, S., Ault, T., Marsh, W., Fagre, D.B., Bunn, A., Woodhouse, C., and Graumlich, L., 2011, Climatic controls on the snowmelt hydrology of the northern Rocky Mountains: Journal of Climate, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1666-1687, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3729.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1666","endPage":"1687","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3729.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Northern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.44482421875,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13623046874999,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18017578125,\n              48.122101028190805\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.58740234375,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3896484375,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              45.920587344733654\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.44482421875,\n              48.99463598353405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f660e4b0c8380cd4c71b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ault, T.","contributorId":83760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ault","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsh, W.","contributorId":94884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bunn, A.G.","contributorId":105147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunn","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodhouse, C.A.","contributorId":62407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graumlich, L.J.","contributorId":30417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graumlich","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035873,"text":"70035873 - 2011 - Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T08:21:28","indexId":"70035873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation","docAbstract":"Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, largely in reduced form (NH<sub>4</sub>(T)≈NH<sub>4(aq)</sub><sup>+</sup>+NH<sub>3(aq)</sub><sup>o</sup>), has been documented in thermal waters throughout Yellowstone National Park, with concentrations ranging from a few micromolar along the Firehole River to millimolar concentrations at Washburn Hot Springs. Indirect evidence from rock nitrogen analyses and previous work on organic compounds associated with Washburn Hot Springs and the Mirror Plateau indicate multiple sources for thermal water NH<sub>4</sub>(T), including Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks, Eocene lacustrine deposits, and glacial deposits. A positive correlation between NH<sub>4</sub>(T) concentration and δ<sup>18</sup>O of thermal water indicates that boiling is an important mechanism for increasing concentrations of NH<sub>4</sub>(T) and other solutes in some areas. The isotopic composition of dissolved NH<sub>4</sub>(T) is highly variable (δ<sup>15</sup>N = −6‰ to +30‰) and is positively correlated with pH values. In comparison to likely δ<sup>15</sup>N values of nitrogen source materials (+1‰ to +7‰), high δ<sup>15</sup>N values in hot springs with pH >5 are attributed to isotope fractionation associated with NH<sub>3(aq)</sub><sup>o</sup> loss by volatilization. NH<sub>4</sub>(T) in springs with low pH typically is relatively unfractionated, except for some acid springs with negative δ<sup>15</sup>N values that are attributed to NH<sub>3(g)</sub><sup>o</sup> condensation. NH<sub>4</sub>(T) concentration and isotopic variations were evident spatially (between springs) and temporally (in individual springs). These variations are likely to be reflected in biomass and sediments associated with the hot springs and outflows. Elevated NH<sub>4</sub>(T) concentrations can persist for 10s to 1000s of meters in surface waters draining hot spring areas before being completely assimilated or oxidized.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J., Nordstrom, D.K., Böhlke, J., McCleskey, R.B., and Ball, J., 2011, Ammonium in thermal waters of Yellowstone National Park: Processes affecting speciation and isotope fractionation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 16, p. 4611-4636, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.036.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4611","endPage":"4636","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c0e4b0c8380cd48422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035928,"text":"70035928 - 2011 - Dissolved organic matter in the Florida everglades: Implications for ecosystem restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:48:53","indexId":"70035928","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic matter in the Florida everglades: Implications for ecosystem restoration","docAbstract":"<p>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Florida Everglades controls a number of environmental processes important for ecosystem function including the absorption of light, mineral dissolution/precipitation, transport of hydrophobic compounds (e.g., pesticides), and the transport and reactivity of metals, such as mercury. Proposed attempts to return the Everglades to more natural flow conditions will result in changes to the present transport of DOM from the Everglades Agricultural Area and the northern conservation areas to Florida Bay. In part, the restoration plan calls for increasing water flow throughout the Everglades by removing some of the manmade barriers to flow in place today. The land- and water-use practices associated with the plan will likely result in changes in the quality, quantity, and reactivity of DOM throughout the greater Everglades ecosystem. The authors discuss the factors controlling DOM concentrations and chemistry, present distribution of DOM throughout the Everglades, the potential effects of DOM on key water-quality issues, and the potential utility of dissolved organic matter as an indicator of success of restoration efforts.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis ","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.530934","issn":"10643389","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Gilmour, C., Krabbenhoft, D., and Orem, W., 2011, Dissolved organic matter in the Florida everglades: Implications for ecosystem restoration: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 217-248, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.530934.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.61468505859375,\n              25.122905883812052\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43914794921875,\n              25.122905883812052\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43914794921875,\n              25.8814655232439\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.61468505859375,\n              25.8814655232439\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.61468505859375,\n              25.122905883812052\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a023ae4b0c8380cd4ff61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmour, C.C.","contributorId":63558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, W. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":87335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036035,"text":"70036035 - 2011 - Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: Stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T20:17:37.937394","indexId":"70036035","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: Stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the hydrology of tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) has become essential as deforestation of mountain areas proceeds at an increased rate worldwide. Passive and active cloud‐water collectors, throughfall and stemflow collectors, visibility or droplet size measurements, and micrometeorological sensors are typically used to measure the fog water inputs to ecosystems. In addition, stable isotopes may be used as a natural tracer for fog and rain. Previous studies have shown that the isotopic signature of fog tends to be more enriched in the heavier isotopes&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup><span>H and&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O than that of rain, due to differences in condensation temperature and history. Differences between fog and rain isotopes are largest when rain is from synoptic‐scale storms, and fog or orographic cloud water is generated locally. Smaller isotopic differences have been observed between rain and fog on mountains with orographic clouds, but only a few studies have been conducted. Quantifying fog deposition using isotope methods is more difficult in forests receiving mixed precipitation, because of limitations in the ability of sampling equipment to separate fog from rain, and because fog and rain may, under some conditions, have similar isotopic composition. This article describes the various types of fog most relevant to montane cloud forests and the importance of fog water deposition in the hydrologic budget. A brief overview of isotope hydrology provides the background needed to understand isotope applications in cloud forests. A summary of previous work explains isotopic differences between rain and fog in different environments, and how monitoring the isotopic signature of surface water, soil water and tree xylem water can yield estimates of the contribution of fog water to streamflow, groundwater recharge and transpiration. Next, instrumentation to measure fog and rain, and methods to determine isotopic concentrations in plant and soil water are discussed. The article concludes with the identification of some of the more pressing research questions in this field and offers various suggestions for future research.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7762","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Eugster, W., and Burkard, R., 2011, Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: Stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 3, p. 353-366, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7762.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"366","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475414,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7762","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7762"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc5fe4b08c986b328bc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eugster, W.","contributorId":32701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eugster","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkard, R.","contributorId":63250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkard","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036036,"text":"70036036 - 2011 - Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T19:32:01","indexId":"70036036","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the behavior of engineered&nbsp;nanoparticles&nbsp;in the environment and within organisms is perhaps the biggest obstacle to the safe development of&nbsp;nanotechnologies. Reliable tracing is a particular issue for nanoparticles such as ZnO, because Zn is an essential element and a common pollutant thus present at elevated background concentrations. We synthesized isotopically enriched (89.6%) with a rare isotope of Zn (</span><sup>67</sup><span>Zn) ZnO nanoparticles and measured the uptake of&nbsp;</span><sup>67</sup><span>Zn by&nbsp;</span><i>L. stagnalis</i><span>&nbsp;exposed to&nbsp;diatoms&nbsp;amended with the particles.&nbsp;Stable isotope technique&nbsp;is sufficiently sensitive to determine the uptake of Zn at an exposure equivalent to lower concentration range (&lt;15&nbsp;μg&nbsp;g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Without a tracer, detection of newly accumulated Zn is significant at Zn exposure concentration only above 5000&nbsp;μg&nbsp;g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;which represents some of the most contaminated Zn conditions. Only by using a tracer we can study Zn uptake at a range of environmentally realistic exposure conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Dybowska, A., Croteau, M.N., Misra, S., Berhanu, D., Luoma, S.N., Christian, P., O'Brien, P., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2011, Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers: Environmental Pollution, v. 159, no. 1, p. 266-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218295,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba355e4b08c986b31fc73","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Dybowska Agnieszka D., Croteau Marie-Noele, Misra Superb K., Berhanu Deborah, Luoma Samuel N., Christian Paul, O’Brien Paul, Valsami-Jones Eugenia","journalName":"Environmental Pollution","publicationDate":"1/2011"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dybowska, A.D.","contributorId":85443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Misra, S.K.","contributorId":47989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berhanu, D.","contributorId":86177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berhanu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christian, P.","contributorId":58527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O'Brien, P.","contributorId":98600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036039,"text":"70036039 - 2011 - Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:17:13","indexId":"70036039","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration","docAbstract":"<p>Sulfur is broadly recognized as a water quality issue of significance for the freshwater Florida Everglades. Roughly 60% of the remnant Everglades has surface water sulfate concentrations above 1 mg l-1, a restoration performance measure based on present sulfate levels in unenriched areas. Highly enriched marshes in the northern Everglades have average sulfate levels of 60 mg l-1. Sulfate loading to the Everglades is principally a result of land and water management in South Florida. The highest concentrations of sulfate (average 60-70 mg l-1) in the ecosystem are in canal water in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Potential sulfur sourcesin the watershed are many, but geochemical data and a preliminary sulfur mass balance for the EAA are consistent with sulfur presently used in agricultural, and sulfur released by oxidation of organic EAA soils (including legacy agricultural applications and natural sulfur) as the primary sources of sulfate enrichment in the EAA canals. Sulfate loading to the Everglades increases microbial sulfate reduction in soils, leading to more reducing conditions, greater cycling of nutrients in soils, production of toxic sulfide, and enhanced methylmercury (MeHg) production and bioaccumulation. Wetlands are zones of naturally high MeHg production, but the combination of high atmospheric mercury deposition rates in South Florida and elevated sulfate loading leads to increased MeHg production and MeHg risk to Everglades wildlife and human consumers. Sulfate from the EAA drainage canals penetrates deep into the Everglades Water Conservation Areas, and may extend into Everglades National Park. Present plans to restore sheet flow and to deliver more water to the Everglades may increase overall sulfur loads to the ecosystem, and move sulfate-enriched water further south. However, water management practices that minimize soil drying and rewetting cycles can mitigate sulfate release during soil oxidation. A comprehensive Everglades restoration strategy should include reduction of sulfur loads as a goal because of the many detrimental impacts of sulfate on the ecosystem. Monitoring data show that the ecosystem response to changes in sulfate levels is rapid, and strategies for reducing sulfate loading may be effective in the near term. A multifaceted approach employing best management practices for sulfur in agriculture, agricultural practices that minimize soil oxidation, and changes to stormwater treatment areas that increase sulfate retention could help achieve reduced sulfate loads to the Everglades, with resulting benefits.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis ","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2010.531201","issn":"10643389","usgsCitation":"Orem, W.H., Gilmour, C., Axelrad, D., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Scheidt, D., Kalla, P., McCormick, P., Gabriel, M., and Aiken, G., 2011, Sulfur in the South Florida ecosystem: Distribution, sources, biogeochemistry, impacts, and management for restoration: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 41, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 249-288, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.531201.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              25.175116531621764\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.386962890625,\n              25.175116531621764\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.386962890625,\n              26.066652138577403\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              26.066652138577403\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              25.175116531621764\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd9e4b08c986b31db12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmour, C.","contributorId":62382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Axelrad, D.","contributorId":96128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axelrad","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scheidt, D.","contributorId":55674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheidt","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalla, P.","contributorId":86209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalla","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCormick, P.","contributorId":30022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gabriel, M.","contributorId":69000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabriel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":208828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":453729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036136,"text":"70036136 - 2011 - Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:37:02.235544","indexId":"70036136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"Fungicides are used to prevent foliar diseases on a wide range of vegetable, field, fruit, and ornamental crops. They are generally more effective as protective rather than curative treatments, and hence tend to be applied before infections take place. Less than 1% of US soybeans were treated with a fungicide in 2002 but by 2006, 4% were treated. Like other pesticides, fungicides can move-off of fields after application and subsequently contaminate surface water, groundwater, and associated sediments. Due to the constant pressure from fungal diseases such as the recent Asian soybean rust outbreak, and the always-present desire to increase crop yields, there is the potential for a significant increase in the amount of fungicides used on US farms. Increased fungicide use could lead to increased environmental concentrations of these compounds. This study documents the occurrence of fungicides in select US streams soon after the first documentation of soybean rust in the US and prior to the corresponding increase in fungicide use to treat this problem. Water samples were collected from 29 streams in 13 states in 2005 and/or 2006, and analyzed for 12 target fungicides. Nine of the 12 fungicides were detected in at least one stream sample and at least one fungicide was detected in 20 of 29 streams. At least one fungicide was detected in 56% of the 103 samples, as many as five fungicides were detected in an individual sample, and mixtures of fungicides were common. Azoxystrobin was detected most frequently (45% of 103 samples) followed by metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), myclobutanil (9%), and tebuconazole (6%). Fungicide detections ranged from 0.002 to 1.15 &mu;/L. There was indication of a seasonal pattern to fungicide occurrence, with detections more common and concentrations higher in late summer and early fall than in spring. At a few sites, fungicides were detected in all samples collected suggesting the potential for season-long occurrence in some streams. Fungicide occurrence appears to be related to fungicide use in the associated drainage basins; however, current use information is generally lacking and more detailed occurrence data are needed to accurately quantify such a relation. Maximum concentrations of fungicides were typically one or more orders of magnitude less than current toxicity estimates for freshwater aquatic organisms or humans; however, gaps in current toxicological understandings of the effects of fungicides in the environment limit these interpretations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Sandstrom, M.W., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., and Meyer, M.T., 2011, Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 218, no. 1-4, p. 307-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bd3e4b0c8380cd748ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036165,"text":"70036165 - 2011 - Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:14:42.384791","indexId":"70036165","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 326 ha Río Icacos watershed in the tropical wet forest of the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, is underlain by granodiorite bedrock with weathering rates among the highest in the world. We pooled stream chemistry and total suspended sediment (TSS) data sets from three discrete periods: 1983–1987, 1991–1997, and 2000–2008. During this period three major hurricanes crossed the site: Hugo in 1989, Hortense in 1996, and Georges in 1998. Stream chemistry reflects sea salt inputs (Na, Cl, and SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>), and high weathering rates of the granodiorite (Ca, Mg, Si, and alkalinity). During rainfall, stream composition shifts toward that of precipitation, diluting 90% or more in the largest storms, but maintains a biogeochemical watershed signal marked by elevated K and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. DOC exhibits an unusual “boomerang” pattern, initially increasing with flow but then decreasing at the highest flows as it becomes depleted and/or vigorous overland flow minimizes contact with watershed surfaces. TSS increased markedly with discharge (power function slope 1.54), reflecting the erosive power of large storms in a landslide‐prone landscape. The relations of TSS and most solute concentrations with stream discharge were stable through time, suggesting minimal long‐term effects from repeated hurricane disturbance. Nitrate concentration, however, increased about threefold in response to hurricanes then returned to baseline over several years following a pseudo first‐order decay pattern. The combined data sets provide insight about important hydrologic pathways, a long‐term perspective to assess response to hurricanes, and a framework to evaluate future climate change in tropical ecosystems.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009788","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., McDowell, W.H., and Stallard, R.F., 2011, Long-term patterns and short-term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 7, W07515, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009788.","productDescription":"W07515, 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009788"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Río Icacos watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.88775634765625,\n              18.21761162872689\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6982421875,\n              18.21761162872689\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6982421875,\n              18.35582895074145\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.88775634765625,\n              18.35582895074145\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.88775634765625,\n              18.21761162872689\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a499fe4b0c8380cd68772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036306,"text":"70036306 - 2011 - Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T10:04:19","indexId":"70036306","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The Powder River Basin is one of the largest producers of coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) in the United States. An important environmental concern in the Basin is the fate of the large amounts of groundwater extracted during CBNG production. Most of this produced water is disposed of in unlined surface impoundments. A 6-year study of groundwater flow and water chemistry at one impoundment, Skewed Reservoir, has produced the most detailed data set for any impoundment in the Basin. Data were collected from a network of 21 observation wells and three suction lysimeters. A groundwater mound formed atop bedrock within initially unsaturated, unconsolidated deposits underlying the reservoir. Heterogeneity in physical and chemical properties of sediments resulted in complex groundwater flow paths and highly variable groundwater chemistry. Sulfate, bicarbonate, sodium, and magnesium were the dominant ions in all areas, but substantial variability existed in relative concentrations; pH varied from less than 3 to more than 9, and total dissolved solids concentrations ranged from less than 5000 to greater than 100,000&nbsp;mg/L. Selenium was a useful tracer of reservoir water; selenium concentrations exceeded 300&nbsp;μg/L in samples obtained from 18 of the 24 sampling points. Groundwater travel time from the reservoir to a nearby alluvial aquifer (a linear distance of 177&nbsp;m) was calculated at 474&nbsp;days on the basis of selenium concentrations. The produced water is not the primary source of solutes in the groundwater. Naturally occurring salts and minerals within the unsaturated zone, dissolved and mobilized by infiltrating impoundment water, account for most of the solute mass in groundwater. Gypsum dissolution, cation-exchange, and pyrite oxidation appear to be important reactions. The complex geochemistry and groundwater flow paths at the study site underscore the difficulty in assessing effects of surface impoundments on water resources within the Powder River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.042","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., Bartos, T., Rice, C.A., McKinley, M., and Smith, B.D., 2011, Groundwater chemistry near an impoundment for produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 403, no. 1-2, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.042.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-023386","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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,{"id":70036169,"text":"70036169 - 2011 - The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:02:09.805515","indexId":"70036169","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has developed a coupled general circulation model (CM3) for the atmosphere, oceans, land, and sea ice. The goal of CM3 is to address emerging issues in climate change, including aerosol–cloud interactions, chemistry–climate interactions, and coupling between the troposphere and stratosphere. The model is also designed to serve as the physical system component of earth system models and models for decadal prediction in the near-term future—for example, through improved simulations in tropical land precipitation relative to earlier-generation GFDL models. This paper describes the dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component (AM3) of this model. Relative to GFDL AM2, AM3 includes new treatments of deep and shallow cumulus convection, cloud droplet activation by aerosols, subgrid variability of stratiform vertical velocities for droplet activation, and atmospheric chemistry driven by emissions with advective, convective, and turbulent transport. AM3 employs a cubed-sphere implementation of a finite-volume dynamical core and is coupled to LM3, a new land model with ecosystem dynamics and hydrology. Its horizontal resolution is approximately 200 km, and its vertical resolution ranges approximately from 70 m near the earth’s surface to 1 to 1.5 km near the tropopause and 3 to 4 km in much of the stratosphere. Most basic circulation features in AM3 are simulated as realistically, or more so, as in AM2. In particular, dry biases have been reduced over South America. In coupled mode, the simulation of Arctic sea ice concentration has improved. AM3 aerosol optical depths, scattering properties, and surface clear-sky downward shortwave radiation are more realistic than in AM2. The simulation of marine stratocumulus decks remains problematic, as in AM2. The most intense 0.2% of precipitation rates occur less frequently in AM3 than observed. The last two decades of the twentieth century warm in CM3 by 0.32°C relative to 1881–1920. The Climate Research Unit (CRU) and Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyses of observations show warming of 0.56° and 0.52°C, respectively, over this period. CM3 includes anthropogenic cooling by aerosol–cloud interactions, and its warming by the late twentieth century is somewhat less realistic than in CM2.1, which warmed 0.66°C but did not include aerosol–cloud interactions. The improved simulation of the direct aerosol effect (apparent in surface clear-sky downward radiation) in CM3 evidently acts in concert with its simulation of cloud–aerosol interactions to limit greenhouse gas warming.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Donner, L., Wyman, B., Hemler, R., Horowitz, L., Ming, Y., Zhao, M., Golaz, J., Ginoux, P., Lin, S., Schwarzkopf, M., Austin, J., Alaka, G., Cooke, W., Delworth, T., Freidenreich, S., Gordon, C., Griffies, S., Held, I., Hurlin, W., Klein, S., Knutson, T., Langenhorst, A., Lee, H., Lin, Y., Magi, B., Malyshev, S., Milly, P., Naik, V., Nath, M., Pincus, R., Ploshay, J., Ramaswamy, V., Seman, C., Shevliakova, E., Sirutis, J., Stern, W., Stouffer, R., Wilson, R., Winton, M., Wittenberg, A., and Zeng, F., 2011, The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3: Journal of Climate, v. 24, no. 13, p. 3484-3519, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"3484","endPage":"3519","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475418,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3955.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1"}],"volume":"24","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baae9e4b08c986b322ac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donner, 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,{"id":70036225,"text":"70036225 - 2011 - Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T18:10:50.829732","indexId":"70036225","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0060\">This study aims to investigate the global hydrologic cycle during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse by utilizing the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates (calcite and siderite) as proxies for the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation. The data set builds on the Aptian–Albian sphaerosiderite δ<sup>18</sup>O data set presented by Ufnar et al. (2002) by incorporating additional low latitude data including pedogenic and early meteoric diagenetic calcite δ<sup>18</sup>O. Ufnar et al. (2002) used the proxy data derived from the North American Cretaceous Western Interior Basin (KWIB) in a mass balance model to estimate precipitation–evaporation fluxes. We have revised this mass balance model to handle sphaerosiderite and calcite proxies, and to account for longitudinal travel by tropical air masses. We use empirical and general circulation model (GCM) temperature gradients for the mid-Cretaceous, and the empirically derived δ<sup>18</sup>O composition of groundwater as constraints in our mass balance model. Precipitation flux, evaporation flux, relative humidity, seawater composition, and continental feedback are adjusted to generate model calculated groundwater δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions (proxy for precipitation δ<sup>18</sup>O) that match the empirically-derived groundwater δ<sup>18</sup>O compositions to within ±&nbsp;0.5‰. The model is calibrated against modern precipitation data sets.</p><p id=\"sp0065\">Four different Cretaceous temperature estimates were used: the leaf physiognomy estimates of Wolfe and Upchurch (1987) and Spicer and Corfield (1992), the coolest and warmest Cretaceous estimates compiled by Barron (1983) and model outputs from the GENESIS-MOM GCM by Zhou et al. (2008). Precipitation and evaporation fluxes for all the Cretaceous temperature gradients utilized in the model are greater than modern precipitation and evaporation fluxes. Balancing the model also requires relative humidity in the subtropical dry belt to be significantly reduced. As expected calculated precipitation rates are all greater than modern precipitation rates. Calculated global average precipitation rates range from 371&nbsp;mm/year to 1196&nbsp;mm/year greater than modern precipitation rates. Model results support the hypothesis that increased rainout produces δ<sup>18</sup>O-depleted precipitation.</p><p id=\"sp0070\">Sensitivity testing of the model indicates that the amount of water vapor in the air mass, and its origin and pathway, significantly affect the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation. Precipitation δ<sup>18</sup>O is also sensitive to seawater δ<sup>18</sup>O and enriched tropical seawater was necessary to simulate proxy data (consistent with fossil and geologic evidence for a warmer and evaporatively enriched Tethys). Improved constraints in variables such as seawater δ<sup>18</sup>O can help improve boundary conditions for mid-Cretaceous climate simulations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.027","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Suarez, M., Gonzalez, L.A., and Ludvigson, G.A., 2011, Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 307, no. 1-4, p. 301-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.027.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.027"}],"volume":"307","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91a6e4b0c8380cd80398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, M.B.","contributorId":18589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034275,"text":"70034275 - 2011 - Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for postfire debris-flow emergency-response planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034275","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for postfire debris-flow emergency-response planning","docAbstract":"Following wildfires, emergency-response and public-safety agencies can be faced with evacuation and resource-deployment decisions well in advance of coming winter storms and during storms themselves. Information critical to these decisions is provided for recently burned areas in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. A compilation of information on the hydrologic response to winter storms from recently burned areas in southern California steeplands is used to develop a system for classifying magnitudes of hydrologic response. The four-class system describes combinations of reported volumes of individual debris flows, consequences of debris flows and floods in an urban setting, and spatial extents of the hydrologic response. The range of rainfall conditions associated with different magnitude classes is defined by integrating local rainfall data with the response magnitude information. Magnitude I events can be expected when within-storm rainfall accumulations (A) of given durations (D) fall above the threshold A = 0.4D0.5 and below A = 0.5D0.6 for durations greater than 1 h. Magnitude II events will be generated in response to rainfall accumulations and durations between A = 0.4D0.5 and A = 0.9D0.5 for durations less than 1 h, and between A = 0.5D0.6 and A = 0.9D0.5 or durations greater than 1 h. Magnitude III events can be expected in response to rainfall conditions above the threshold A = 0.9D0.5. Rainfall threshold-magnitude relations are linked with potential emergency-response actions as an emergency-response decision chart, which leads a user through steps to determine potential event magnitudes and identify possible evacuation and resource-deployment levels. Use of this information in planning and response decision-making process could result in increased safety for both the public and emergency responders. ?? 2011 US Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11069-011-9747-2","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S., Boldt, E., Laber, J., Kean, J., and Staley, D., 2011, Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for postfire debris-flow emergency-response planning: Natural Hazards, v. 59, no. 1, p. 209-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9747-2.","startPage":"209","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9747-2"},{"id":244432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a945fe4b0c8380cd81387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boldt, E.M.","contributorId":33552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boldt","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laber, J.L.","contributorId":83350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kean, J. W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, D.M.","contributorId":17851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034334,"text":"70034334 - 2011 - Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T14:07:06","indexId":"70034334","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change","docAbstract":"Broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. We use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western United States (1.01 million km<sup>2</sup>), based on empirical statistical models built from fish surveys at 9,890 sites. Projections under the 2080s A1B emissions scenario forecast a mean 47% decline in total suitable habitat for all trout, a group of fishes of major socioeconomic and ecological significance. We project that native cutthroat trout <i>Oncorhynchus clarkii</i>, already excluded from much of its potential range by nonnative species, will lose a further 58% of habitat due to an increase in temperatures beyond the species' physiological optima and continued negative biotic interactions. Habitat for nonnative brook trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> and brown trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> is predicted to decline by 77% and 48%, respectively, driven by increases in temperature and winter flood frequency caused by warmer, rainier winters. Habitat for rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>, is projected to decline the least (35%) because negative temperature effects are partly offset by flow regime shifts that benefit the species. These results illustrate how drivers other than temperature influence species response to climate change. Despite some uncertainty, large declines in trout habitat are likely, but our findings point to opportunities for strategic targeting of mitigation efforts to appropriate stressors and locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1103097108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Wenger, S., Isaak, D., Luce, C., Neville, H., Fausch, K., Dunham, J., Dauwalter, D., Young, M., Elsner, M., Rieman, B., Hamlet, A., and Williams, J., 2011, Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 34, p. 14175-14180, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103097108.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"14175","endPage":"14180","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475397,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3161569","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216976,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103097108"},{"id":244881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"108","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124ee4b0c8380cd5425f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenger, S.J.","contributorId":51883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luce, C.H.","contributorId":81057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neville, H.M.","contributorId":79836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neville","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fausch, K.D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":84097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dauwalter, D.C.","contributorId":91687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauwalter","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Young, M.K.","contributorId":62038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Elsner, M.M.","contributorId":43202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsner","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rieman, B.E.","contributorId":67283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hamlet, A.F.","contributorId":81723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlet","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Williams, J.E.","contributorId":14768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70034361,"text":"70034361 - 2011 - Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:31:19","indexId":"70034361","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","docAbstract":"The light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) oil pool in an aquifer that resulted from a pipeline spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, was analyzed for volatile hydrocarbons (VHCs) to determine if the composition of the oil remains constant over time. Oil samples were obtained from wells at five locations in the oil pool in an anaerobic part of the glacial outwash aquifer. Samples covering a 21-year period were analyzed for 25 VHCs. Compared to the composition of oil from the pipeline source, VHCs identified in oil from wells sampled in 2008 were 13 to 64% depleted. The magnitude of loss for the VHCs analyzed was toluene ≫ o-xylene, benzene, C<sub>6</sub> and C<sub>10–12</sub>n-alkanes > C<sub>7</sub>–C<sub>9</sub>n-alkanes > m-xylene, cyclohexane, and 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene > 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and ethylbenzene. Other VHCs including p-xylene, 1,3,5- and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzenes, the tetramethylbenzenes, methyl- and ethyl-cyclohexane, and naphthalene were not depleted during the time of the study. Water–oil and air–water batch equilibration simulations indicate that volatilization and biodegradation is most important for the C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>9</sub>n-alkanes and cyclohexanes; dissolution and biodegradation is important for most of the other hydrocarbons. Depletion of the hydrocarbons in the oil pool is controlled by: the lack of oxygen and nutrients, differing rates of recharge, and the spatial distribution of oil in the aquifer. The mass loss of these VHCs in the 5 wells is between 1.6 and 7.4% in 29 years or an average annual loss of 0.06–0.26%/year. The present study shows that the composition of LNAPL changes over time and that these changes are spatially variable. This highlights the importance of characterizing the temporal and spatial variabilities of the source term in solute-transport models.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M.J., Eganhouse, R., Bekins, B.A., and Delin, G.N., 2011, Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 140-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.0373,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.3762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49dee4b0c8380cd68956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157548,"text":"70157548 - 2011 - Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T18:51:28.662101","indexId":"70157548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California was an historic, vast inland freshwater wetland, where organic soils almost 20 meters deep formed over the last several millennia as the land surface elevation of marshes kept pace with sea level rise. A system of levees and pumps were installed in the late 1800s and early 1900s to drain the land for agricultural use. Since then, land surface has subsided more than 7 meters below sea level in some areas as organic soils have been lost to aerobic decomposition. As land surface elevations decrease, costs for levee maintenance and repair increase, as do the risks of flooding. Wetland restoration can be a way to mitigate subsidence by re-creating the environment in which the organic soils developed. A preliminary study of the effect of hydrologic regime on carbon cycling conducted on Twitchell Island during the mid-1990s showed that continuous, shallow flooding allowing for the growth of emergent marsh vegetation re-created a wetland environment where carbon preservation occurred. Under these conditions annual plant biomass carbon inputs were high, and microbial decomposition was reduced. Based on this preliminary study, the U.S. Geological Survey re-established permanently flooded wetlands in fall 1997, with shallow water depths of 25 and 55 centimeters, to investigate the potential to reverse subsidence of delta islands by preserving and accumulating organic substrates over time. Ten years after flooding, elevation gains from organic matter accumulation in areas of emergent marsh vegetation ranged from almost 30 to 60 centimeters, with average annual carbon storage rates approximating 1 kg/m2, while areas without emergent vegetation cover showed no significant change in elevation. Differences in accretion rates within areas of emergent marsh vegetation appeared to result from temporal and spatial variability in hydrologic factors and decomposition rates in the wetlands rather than variability in primary production. Decomposition rates were related to differences in hydrologic conditions, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and availability of alternate electron acceptors. The study showed that marsh re-establishment with permanent, low energy, shallow flooding can limit oxidation of organic soils, thus, effectively turning subsiding land from atmospheric carbon sources to carbon sinks, and at the same time reducing flood vulnerability.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River deltas: Types, structures and ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"New York City, NY","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., and Fujii, R., 2011, Re-establishing marshes can return carbon sink functions to a current carbon source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA, chap. <i>of</i> River deltas: Types, structures and ecology, p. 1-34.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.22828954974031,\n              38.050594319491694\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1992763879824,\n              38.02322247745954\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06581584389886,\n              37.99121787309585\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.98602964906627,\n              38.03122144544275\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70315132193262,\n              37.98321453920093\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.64077302415454,\n              37.95004857076803\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.65382894694523,\n              37.77482161472676\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.48990458301647,\n              37.68418194249246\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2505459985187,\n              37.646286958808716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.24909534043141,\n              37.703646260559424\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.27520718601272,\n              37.85041111778014\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2882631088037,\n              37.98316493870175\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37530259407546,\n              38.07115364272096\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38400654260289,\n              38.16816126824645\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4333289175903,\n              38.24795309829756\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.49135524110478,\n              38.43341488449104\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.03825334022991,\n              38.27073469555026\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.22974020782794,\n              38.07800546676111\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.22828954974031,\n              38.050594319491694\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5606703ae4b058f706e51950","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Paul E.","contributorId":147998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034449,"text":"70034449 - 2011 - Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T16:50:44.05911","indexId":"70034449","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China","docAbstract":"<p><span>Responses of hydrological processes to climate change are key components in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) assessment. Understanding these responses is critical for developing appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies for sustainable water resources management and protection of public safety. However, these responses are not well understood and little long‐term evidence exists. Herein, we show how climate change, specifically increased air temperature and storm intensity, can affect soil moisture dynamics and hydrological variables based on both long‐term observation and model simulations using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in an intact forested watershed (the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve) in Southern China. Our results show that, although total annual precipitation changed little from 1950 to 2009, soil moisture decreased significantly. A significant decline was also found in the monthly 7‐day low flow from 2000 to 2009. However, the maximum daily streamflow in the wet season and unconfined groundwater tables have significantly increased during the same 10‐year period. The significant decreasing trends on soil moisture and low flow variables suggest that the study watershed is moving towards drought‐like condition. Our analysis indicates that the intensification of rainfall storms and the increasing number of annual no‐rain days were responsible for the increasing chance of both droughts and floods. We conclude that climate change has indeed induced more extreme hydrological events (e.g. droughts and floods) in this watershed and perhaps other areas of Southern China. This study also demonstrated usefulness of our research methodology and its possible applications on quantifying the impacts of climate change on hydrology in any other watersheds where long‐term data are available and human disturbance is negligible.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Zhou, G., Wei, X., Wu, Y., Huang, Y., Yan, J., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Liu, J., Meng, Z., Wang, C., Chu, G., Liu, S., Tang, X., and Liu, X., 2011, Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China: Global Change Biology, v. 17, no. 12, p. 3736-3746, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3736","endPage":"3746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91e7e4b0c8380cd8052b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huang, Y.","contributorId":62000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yan, J.","contributorId":24480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Q.","contributorId":84163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meng, Z.","contributorId":54818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wang, C.","contributorId":50689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chu, G.","contributorId":87001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tang, X.","contributorId":43082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70034461,"text":"70034461 - 2011 - Looking beyond fertilizer: Assessing the contribution of nitrogen from hydrologic inputs and organic matter to plant growth in the cranberry agroecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T15:44:36.170781","indexId":"70034461","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2915,"text":"Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Looking beyond fertilizer: Assessing the contribution of nitrogen from hydrologic inputs and organic matter to plant growth in the cranberry agroecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Even though nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient for successful cranberry production, N cycling in cranberry agroecosystems is not completely understood. Prior research has focused mainly on timing and uptake of ammonium fertilizer, but the objective of our study was to evaluate the potential for additional N contributions from hydrologic inputs (flooding, irrigation, groundwater, and precipitation) and organic matter (OM). Plant biomass, soil, surface and groundwater samples were collected from five cranberry beds (cranberry production fields) on four different farms, representing both upland and lowland systems. Estimated average annual plant uptake (63.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;22.5&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) exceeded total average annual fertilizer inputs (39.5&nbsp;±&nbsp;11.6&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Irrigation, precipitation, and floodwater N summed to an average 23&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.7&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, which was about 60% of fertilizer N. Leaf and stem litterfall added 5.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.2 and 24.1&nbsp;±&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;respectively. The estimated net N mineralization rate from the buried bag technique was 5&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.2&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, which was nearly 15% of fertilizer N. Dissolved organic nitrogen represented a significant portion of the total N pool in both surface water and soil samples. Mixed-ion exchange resin core incubations indicated that 80% of total inorganic N from fertilizer, irrigation, precipitation, and mineralization was nitrate, and approximately 70% of recovered inorganic N from groundwater was nitrate. There was a weak but significant negative relationship between extractable soil ammonium concentrations and ericoid mycorrhizal colonization (ERM) rates (</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;−0.22,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.045). Growers may benefit from balancing the N inputs from hydrologic sources and OM relative to fertilizer N in order to maximize the benefits of ERM fungi in actively mediating N cycling in cranberry agroecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10705-011-9442-4","issn":"13851314","usgsCitation":"Stackpoole, S., Kosola, K., Workmaster, B., Guldan, N., Browne, B., and Jackson, R.D., 2011, Looking beyond fertilizer: Assessing the contribution of nitrogen from hydrologic inputs and organic matter to plant growth in the cranberry agroecosystem: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, v. 91, no. 1, p. 41-54, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9442-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216533,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-011-9442-4"}],"volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49c8e4b0c8380cd688b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackpoole, S.M.","contributorId":98004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackpoole","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kosola, K.R.","contributorId":21008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosola","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Workmaster, B.A.A.","contributorId":57294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Workmaster","given":"B.A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guldan, N.M.","contributorId":38809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guldan","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Browne, B.A.","contributorId":85006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, R. D.","contributorId":30758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034509,"text":"70034509 - 2011 - In situ rates of sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T14:06:23","indexId":"70034509","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ rates of sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations","docAbstract":"<p>Rates of in situ microbial sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations were determined using Native Organism Geochemical Experimentation Enclosures (NOGEEs), a new in situ technique developed to facilitate evaluation of controls on microbial reaction rates. NOGEEs function by first trapping a native microbial community in situ and then subjecting it to geochemical perturbations through the introduction of various test solutions. On three occasions, NOGEEs were used at the Norman Landfill research site in Norman, Oklahoma, to evaluate sulfate-reduction rates in wetland sediments impacted by landfill leachate. The initial experiment, in May 2007, consisted of five introductions of a sulfate test solution over 11 d. Each test stimulated sulfate reduction with rates increasing until an apparent maximum was achieved. Two subsequent experiments, conducted in October 2007 and February 2008, evaluated the effects of concentration on sulfate-reduction rates. Results from these experiments showed that faster sulfate-reduction rates were associated with increased sulfate concentrations. Understanding variability in sulfate-reduction rates in response to perturbations may be an important factor in predicting rates of natural attenuation and bioremediation of contaminants in systems not at biogeochemical equilibrium.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00782.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Kneeshaw, T., McGuire, J., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Smith, E., 2011, In situ rates of sulfate reduction in response to geochemical perturbations: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 6, p. 903-913, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00782.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"913","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3985e4b0c8380cd6195b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kneeshaw, T.A.","contributorId":78552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kneeshaw","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, J.T.","contributorId":17023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, E.W.","contributorId":15411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033791,"text":"70033791 - 2011 - Trends in pesticide concentrations in streams of the western United States, 1993-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:53:28","indexId":"70033791","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in pesticide concentrations in streams of the western United States, 1993-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>Trends in pesticide concentrations for 15 streams in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho were determined for the organophosphate insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon and the herbicides atrazine, s‐ethyl diproplythiocarbamate (EPTC), metolachlor, simazine, and trifluralin. A parametric regression model was used to account for flow, seasonality, and antecedent hydrologic conditions and thereby estimate trends in pesticide concentrations in streams arising from changes in use amount and application method in their associated catchments. Decreasing trends most often were observed for diazinon, and reflect the shift to alternative pesticides by farmers, commercial applicators, and homeowners because of use restrictions and product cancelation. Consistent trends were observed for several herbicides, including upward trends in simazine at urban‐influenced sites from 2000 to 2005, and downward trends in atrazine and EPTC at agricultural sites from the mid‐1990s to 2005. The model provided additional information about pesticide occurrence and transport in the modeled streams. Two examples are presented and briefly discussed: (1) timing of peak concentrations for individual compounds varied greatly across this geographic gradient because of different application periods and the effects of local rain patterns, irrigation, and soil drainage and (2) reconstructions of continuous diazinon concentrations at sites in California are used to evaluate compliance with total maximum daily load targets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00507.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H.M., Domagalski, J.L., and Saleh, D., 2011, Trends in pesticide concentrations in streams of the western United States, 1993-2005: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 2, p. 265-286, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00507.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487145,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00507.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214145,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00507.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7d9e4b08c986b32750d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994 hjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"hjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saleh, Dina 0000-0002-1406-9303 dsaleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"Dina","email":"dsaleh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034515,"text":"70034515 - 2011 - Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T12:12:30.228932","indexId":"70034515","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although sediment is a natural constituent of rivers, excess loading to rivers and streams is a leading cause of impairment and biodiversity loss. Remedial actions require identification of the sources and mechanisms of sediment supply. This task is complicated by the scale and complexity of large watersheds as well as changes in climate and land use that alter the drivers of sediment supply. Previous studies in Lake Pepin, a natural lake on the Mississippi River, indicate that sediment supply to the lake has increased 10-fold over the past 150 years. Herein we combine geochemical fingerprinting and a suite of geomorphic change detection techniques with a sediment mass balance for a tributary watershed to demonstrate that, although the sediment loading remains very large, the dominant source of sediment has shifted from agricultural soil erosion to accelerated erosion of stream banks and bluffs, driven by increased river discharge. Such hydrologic amplification of natural erosion processes calls for a new approach to watershed sediment modeling that explicitly accounts for channel and floodplain dynamics that amplify or dampen landscape processes. Further, this finding illustrates a new challenge in remediating nonpoint sediment pollution and indicates that management efforts must expand from soil erosion to factors contributing to increased water runoff.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2019109","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Belmont, P., Gran, K., Schottler, S., Wilcock, P., Day, S., Jennings, C., Lauer, J., Viparelli, E., Willenbring, J., Engstrom, D., and Parker, G., 2011, Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 20, p. 8804-8810, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2019109.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8804","endPage":"8810","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4485e4b0c8380cd66b90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belmont, P.","contributorId":67322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belmont","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gran, K.B.","contributorId":44688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gran","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schottler, S.P.","contributorId":20491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schottler","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcock, P.R.","contributorId":36709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcock","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Day, S.S.","contributorId":42805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jennings, C.","contributorId":78536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lauer, J.W.","contributorId":104303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Viparelli, E.","contributorId":97344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viparelli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Willenbring, J.K.","contributorId":107960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willenbring","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Engstrom, D.R.","contributorId":88496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70032674,"text":"70032674 - 2011 - NETPATH-WIN: an interactive user version of the mass-balance model, NETPATH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T19:36:27","indexId":"70032674","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NETPATH-WIN: an interactive user version of the mass-balance model, NETPATH","docAbstract":"NETPATH-WIN is an interactive user version of NETPATH, an inverse geochemical modeling code used to find mass-balance reaction models that are consistent with the observed chemical and isotopic composition of waters from aquatic systems. NETPATH-WIN was constructed to migrate NETPATH applications into the Microsoft WINDOWS® environment. The new version facilitates model utilization by eliminating difficulties in data preparation and results analysis of the DOS version of NETPATH, while preserving all of the capabilities of the original version. Through example applications, the note describes some of the features of NETPATH-WIN as applied to adjustment of radiocarbon data for geochemical reactions in groundwater systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00779.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"El-Kadi, A., Plummer, N., and Aggarwal, P., 2011, NETPATH-WIN: an interactive user version of the mass-balance model, NETPATH: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 4, p. 593-599, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00779.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"599","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6141e4b0c8380cd71895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"El-Kadi, A. I.","contributorId":103838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Kadi","given":"A. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aggarwal, P.","contributorId":14650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aggarwal","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}