Since the first detection of bromine monoxide in volcanic plumes attention has focused on the atmospheric synthesis and impact of volcanogenic reactive halogens. We report here new measurements of BrO in the volcanic plume emitted from Kīlauea volcano – the first time reactive halogens have been observed in emissions from a hotspot volcano. Observations were carried out by ground-based Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy in 2007 and 2008 at Pu'u'O'o crater, and at the 2008 magmatic vent that opened within Halema'uma'u crater. BrO was readily detected in the Halema'uma'u plume (average column amount of 3×1015 molec cm−2) and its abundance was strongly correlated with that of SO2. However, anticorrelation between NO2 and SO2 (and BrO) abundances in the same plume strongly suggest an active role of NOx in reactive halogen chemistry. The calculated SO2/BrO molar ratio of ~1600 is comparable to observations at other volcanoes, although the BrO mixing ratio is roughly double that observed elsewhere. While BrO was not observed in the Pu'u'O'o plume this was probably merely a result of the detection limit of our measurements and based on understanding of the Summit and East Rift magmatic system we expect reactive halogens to be formed also in the Pu'u'O'o emissions. If this is correct then based on the long term SO2 flux from Pu'u'O'o we calculate that Kīlauea emits ~480 Mg yr−1 of reactive bromine and may thus represent an important source to the tropical Pacific troposphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/acpd-10-10313-2010","usgsCitation":"Salerno, G.G., Oppenheimer, C., Tsanev, V., Sutton, A., Roberts, T., and Elias, T., 2010, Enhancement of the volcanogenic \"bromine explosion\" via reactive nitrogen chemistry (Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i): Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, v. 10, p. 10313-10334, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-10313-2010.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"10313","endPage":"10334","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-10313-2010","text":"External Repository"},{"id":356047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3528594970703,\n 19.329286698998818\n ],\n [\n -155.17501831054688,\n 19.329286698998818\n ],\n [\n -155.17501831054688,\n 19.46400263520258\n ],\n [\n -155.3528594970703,\n 19.46400263520258\n ],\n [\n -155.3528594970703,\n 19.329286698998818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b794e4b0702d0e844eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salerno, G. G.","contributorId":206547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salerno","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oppenheimer, C.","contributorId":69767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsanev, V.","contributorId":40417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsanev","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, A.J. ajsutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":3584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.J.","email":"ajsutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, T.J.","contributorId":198344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98332,"text":"gip106 - 2010 - 100-Year flood–it's all about chance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T09:32:25","indexId":"gip106","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"106","title":"100-Year flood–it's all about chance","docAbstract":"In the 1960's, the United States government decided to use the 1-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood as the basis for the National Flood Insurance Program. The 1-percent AEP flood was thought to be a fair balance between protecting the public and overly stringent regulation. Because the 1-percent AEP flood has a 1 in 100 chance of being equaled or exceeded in any 1 year, and it has an average recurrence interval of 100 years, it often is referred to as the '100-year flood'. The term '100-year flood' is part of the national lexicon, but is often a source of confusion by those not familiar with flood science and statistics. This poster is an attempt to explain the concept, probabilistic nature, and inherent uncertainties of the '100-year flood' to the layman. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip106","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., and Dinicola, K., 2010, 100-Year flood–it's all about chance: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 106, Poster: 42.0 x 36.0 inches; Handout: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip106.","productDescription":"Poster: 42.0 x 36.0 inches; Handout: 4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_106.jpg"},{"id":13581,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":345382,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood_041210web.pdf","text":"Poster","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":345383,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood_041210.pdf","text":"Full resolution printable version","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":345384,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood-handout-042610.pdf","text":"Handout version","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4908e4b0b290850eed43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinicola, Karen","contributorId":87918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98331,"text":"cir1347 - 2010 - Water-the Nation's Fundamental Climate Issue A White Paper on the U.S. Geological Survey Role and Capabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"cir1347","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1347","title":"Water-the Nation's Fundamental Climate Issue A White Paper on the U.S. Geological Survey Role and Capabilities","docAbstract":"Of all the potential threats posed by climatic variability and change, those associated with water resources are arguably the most consequential for both society and the environment (Waggoner, 1990). Climatic effects on agriculture, aquatic ecosystems, energy, and industry are strongly influenced by climatic effects on water. Thus, understanding changes in the distribution, quantity and quality of, and demand for water in response to climate variability and change is essential to planning for and adapting to future climatic conditions. A central role of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) with respect to climate is to document environmental changes currently underway and to develop improved capabilities to predict future changes. Indeed, a centerpiece of the USGS role is a new Climate Effects Network of monitoring sites. Measuring the climatic effects on water is an essential component of such a network (along with corresponding effects on terrestrial ecosystems).\r\n\r\nThe USGS needs to be unambiguous in communicating with its customers and stakeholders, and with officials at the Department of the Interior, that although modeling future impacts of climate change is important, there is no more critical role for the USGS in climate change science than that of measuring and describing the changes that are currently underway. One of the best statements of that mission comes from a short paper by Ralph Keeling (2008) that describes the inspiration and the challenges faced by David Keeling in operating the all-important Mauna Loa Observatory over a period of more than four decades. Ralph Keeling stated: 'The only way to figure out what is happening to our planet is to measure it, and this means tracking changes decade after decade and poring over the records.'\r\n\r\nThere are three key ideas that are important to the USGS in the above-mentioned sentence. First, to understand what is happening requires measurement. While models are a tool for learning and testing our understanding, they are not a substitute for observations. The second key idea is that measurement needs to be done over a period of many decades. When viewing hydrologic records over time scales of a few years to a few decades, trends commonly appear. However, when viewed in the context of many decades to centuries, these short-term trends are recognized as being part of much longer term oscillations. Thus, while we might want to initiate monitoring of important aspects of our natural resources, the data that will prove to be most useful in the next few years are those records that already have long-term continuity. USGS streamflow and groundwater level data are excellent examples of such long-term records. These measured data span many decades, follow standard protocols for collection and quality assurance, and are stored in a database that provides access to the full period of record.\r\n\r\nThe third point from the Keeling quote relates to the notion of ?poring over the records.? Important trends will not generally jump off the computer screen at us. Thoughtful analyses are required to get past a number of important but confounding influences in the record, such as the role of seasonal variation, changes in water management, or influences of quasi-periodic phenomena, such as El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). No organization is better situated to pore over the records than the USGS because USGS scientists know the data, quality-assure the data, understand the factors that influence the data, and have the ancillary information on the watersheds within which the data are collected.\r\n\r\nTo fulfill the USGS role in understanding climatic variability and change, we need to continually improve and strengthen two of our key capabilities: (1) preserving continuity of long-term water data collection and (2) analyzing and interpreting water data to determine how the Nation's water resources are changing.\r\n\r\nUnderstanding change in water resources","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1347","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., Hirsch, R.M., and Kiang, J., 2010, Water-the Nation's Fundamental Climate Issue A White Paper on the U.S. Geological Survey Role and Capabilities: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1347, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1347.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1347.jpg"},{"id":13580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1347/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiang, Julie","contributorId":45804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198319,"text":"70198319 - 2010 - Contamination of basaltic lava by seawater: Evidence found in a lava pillar from Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T09:44:49","indexId":"70198319","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-16T10:07:35","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contamination of basaltic lava by seawater: Evidence found in a lava pillar from Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"A lava pillar formed during the 1998 eruption at Axial Seamount exhibits compositional and textural evidence for contamination by seawater under magmatic conditions. Glass immediately adjacent to anastomosing microfractures within 1 cm of the inner pillar wall is oxidized and significantly enriched in Na and Cl and depleted in Fe and K with respect to that in glassy selvages from the unaffected outer pillar wall. The affected glass contains up to 1 wt % Cl and is enriched by ∼2 wt % Na2O relative to unaffected glass, consistent with a nearly 1:1 (molar) incorporation of NaCl. Glass bordering the Cl‐enriched glass in the inner pillar wall is depleted in Na but enriched in K. The presence of tiny (<10 μm) grains of Cu‐Fe sulfides and Fe sulfides as well as elemental Ni, Ag, and Au in the Na‐depleted, K‐enriched glass of the inner pillar wall implies significant reduction of this glass, presumably by hydrogen generated during seawater contamination and oxidation of lava adjacent to microfractures. We interpret the compositional anomalies we see in the glass of the interior pillar wall as caused by rapid incorporation of seawater into the still‐molten lava during pillar growth, probably on the time scale of seconds to minutes. Only one of seven examined lava pillars shows this effect, and we interpret that seawater has to be trapped in contact with molten lava (inside the lava pillar, in this case) to produce the effects we see. Thus, under the right conditions, seawater contamination of lavas during submarine eruptions is one means by which the oceanic crust can sequester Cl during its global flux cycle. However, since very few recent lava flows have been examined in similar detail, the global significance of this process in effecting Earth's Cl budget remains uncertain.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009GC003009","usgsCitation":"Schiffman, P., Zierenberg, R.A., Chadwick, W.W., Clague, D.A., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2010, Contamination of basaltic lava by seawater: Evidence found in a lava pillar from Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 11, no. 4, Q04004; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC003009.","productDescription":"Q04004; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gc003009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130,\n 45.9\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -130.1,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -130.1,\n 45.9\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 45.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b794e4b0702d0e844eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffman, Peter","contributorId":40119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffman","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chadwick, William W","contributorId":172468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199094,"text":"70199094 - 2010 - Tools for assessing contaminated sediments in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T14:08:03","indexId":"70199094","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-16T07:41:05","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Tools for assessing contaminated sediments in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems","docAbstract":"Traditionally, concerns about the management of aquatic resources in aquatic ecosystems have focused primarily on water quality. As such, early water resource management efforts were often directed at assuring the potability of surface water or groundwater sources. Subsequently, the scope of these management initiatives expanded to include protection of instream (i.e., fish and aquatic life), agricultural, industrial, and recreational water uses. Although initiatives undertaken in the past 30 years have unquestionably improved water quality conditions, a growing body of evidence indicates that management efforts directed solely at the attainment of surface -water quality criteria may not provide an adequate basis for protecting the designated uses of aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, concerns about the health and vitality of aquatic ecosystems have begun to re -emerge in North America. One of the principal reasons for this is that many toxic and bioaccumulative chemicals, which are found in only trace amounts in water, can accumulate to elevated levels in sediments. Some of these pollutants, such as organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were released into the environment long ago. The use of many of these substances has been banned in North America for 30 years or more; nevertheless, these chemicals continue to persist in the environment. Other contaminants enter our waters every day from industrial and municipal discharges, urban and agricultural runoff, and atmospheric deposition from remote sources. Owing to their physical and chemical properties, many of these substances tend to accumulate in sediments. In addition to providing sinks for many chemicals, sediments can also serve as potential sources of pollutants to the water column when conditions change in the receiving water system (for example during periods of anoxia, after severe storms).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology of aqueous systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781444317114.ch7","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D.D., and Ingersoll, C.G., 2010, Tools for assessing contaminated sediments in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems, chap. 7 of Sedimentology of aqueous systems, p. 171-199, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444317114.ch7.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"199","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b795e4b0702d0e844eb5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poleto, Cristiano","contributorId":113845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poleto","given":"Cristiano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744052,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlesworth, Susanne","contributorId":112974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlesworth","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744053,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":176179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208556,"text":"70208556 - 2010 - Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:04:56","indexId":"70208556","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-15T15:28:03","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5930,"text":"Science China Technological Sciences","printIssn":"1674-7321","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques","docAbstract":"Quantitative estimation of vegetation water content (VWC) using optical remote sensing techniques is helpful in forest fire assessment, agricultural drought monitoring and crop yield estimation. This paper reviews the research advances of VWC retrieval using spectral reflectance, spectral water index and radiative transfer model (RTM) methods. It also evaluates the reliability of VWC estimation using spectral water index from the observation data and the RTM. Focusing on two main definitions of VWC—the fuel moisture content (FMC) and the equivalent water thickness (EWT), the retrieval accuracies of FMC and EWT using vegetation water indices are analyzed. Moreover, the measured information and the dataset are used to estimate VWC, the results show there are significant correlations among three kinds of vegetation water indices (i.e., WSI, NDII, NDWI1640, WI/NDVI) and canopy FMC of winter wheat (n=45). Finally, the future development directions of VWC detection based on optical remote sensing techniques are also summarized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11431-010-0131-3","usgsCitation":"Zhang, J., Xu, Y., Yao, F., Wang, P., Guo, W., Li, L., and Yang, L., 2010, Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques: Science China Technological Sciences, v. 53, no. 5, p. 1159-1167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-010-0131-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1167","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Yun","contributorId":222535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Yun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yao, Fengmei","contributorId":107927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Fengmei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, PeiJuan","contributorId":222536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"PeiJuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guo, WenJuan","contributorId":222537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"WenJuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Li","contributorId":222539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Li","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70004471,"text":"70004471 - 2010 - Aggregation methodology for the circum-arctic resource appraisal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T16:42:25.147198","indexId":"70004471","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-15T13:50:04","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aggregation methodology for the circum-arctic resource appraisal","docAbstract":"This paper presents a methodology that intends to aggregate the results of a recent assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the Arctic by the U.S. Geological Survey. The assessment occurred in 48 geologically defined regions called assessment units. The methodology includes using assessor specified pair-wise correlations as the basis to construct a correlation matrix. Sampling from this matrix generates more realistic uncertainty estimates of aggregated resources than if assumptions of total independence or total dependence are made. The latter two assumptions result in overly narrow or overly broad estimates. Aggregation results for resources in regions north of the Arctic Circle are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-010-9274-9","usgsCitation":"Schuenemeyer, J.H., and Gautier, D.L., 2010, Aggregation methodology for the circum-arctic resource appraisal: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 42, no. 5, p. 583-594, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-010-9274-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"594","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Circle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.640625,\n 55.3791104480105\n ],\n [\n 187.734375,\n 55.3791104480105\n ],\n [\n 187.734375,\n 85.1709701284095\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 85.1709701284095\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 55.3791104480105\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuenemeyer, John H.","contributorId":54227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98329,"text":"fs20103001 - 2010 - Groundwater Quality in the Central Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"fs20103001","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3001","title":"Groundwater Quality in the Central Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The Central Eastside study unit is located in California's San Joaquin Valley. The 1,695 square mile study unit includes three groundwater subbasins: Modesto, Turlock, and Merced (California Department of Water Resources, 2003). The primary water-bearing units consist of discontinuous lenses of gravel, sand, silt, and clay, which are derived largely from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the east. Public-supply wells provide most of the drinking water supply in the Central Eastside. Consequently, the primary aquifer in the Central Eastside study unit is defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforated interval of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health database. Public-supply wells are typically drilled to depths of 200 to 350 feet, consist of solid casing from the land surface to a depth of about 100 to 200 feet, and they are perforated below the solid casing. Water quality in the shallower and deeper parts of the aquifer system may differ from that in the primary aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe Central Eastside study unit has hot and dry summers and cool, moist, winters. Average annual rainfall ranges from 11 to 15 inches. The Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and Merced Rivers, with headwaters in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, are the primary streams traversing the study unit.\r\n\r\nLand use in the study unit is approximately 59 percent (%) agricultural, 34% natural (primarily grassland), and 7% urban. The primary crops are almonds, walnuts, peaches, grapes, grain, corn, and alfalfa. The largest urban areas (2003 population in parentheses) are the cities of Modesto (206,872), Turlock (63,467), and Merced (69,512).\r\n\r\nMunicipal water use accounts for about 5% of the total water use in the Central Eastside study unit, with the remainder used for irrigated agriculture. Groundwater accounts for about 75% of the municipal supply, and surface water accounts for about 25%. Recharge to the groundwater flow system is primarily from percolation of irrigation return, precipitation, seepage from reservoirs and rivers, and urban return (Burow and others, 2004; Phillips and others, 2007). The primary sources of discharge are pumping for irrigation and municipal supply, evaporation from areas with a shallow depth to water, and discharge to streams. Recharge at shallow depths and pumping from wells at greater depths causes downward movement of groundwater in the aquifer in the Central Eastside. This vertical movement of water has the potential to carry chemical constituents from shallow depths to the greater depths where supply wells commonly are perforated.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103001","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Belitz, K., and Landon, M.K., 2010, Groundwater Quality in the Central Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3001, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103001.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010-3001.jpg"},{"id":13578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e991","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98328,"text":"ds501 - 2010 - Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Freshwater Flow and Salinity in the Ten Thousand Islands Estuary, Florida, 2007-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-08T06:32:08","indexId":"ds501","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"501","title":"Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Freshwater Flow and Salinity in the Ten Thousand Islands Estuary, Florida, 2007-2009","docAbstract":"The watershed of the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) estuary has been substantially altered through the construction of canals and roads for the Southern Golden Gate Estates (SGGE), Barron River Canal, and U.S. 41 (Tamiami Trail). Two restoration projects designed to improve freshwater delivery to the estuary are the Picayune Strand Restoration Project, which includes the Southern Golden Gate Estates, and the Tamiami Trail Culverts Project; both are part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. To address hydrologic information needs critical for monitoring the effects of these restoration projects, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a study in October 2006 to characterize freshwater outflows from the rivers, internal circulation and mixing within the estuary, and surface-water exchange between the estuary and Gulf of Mexico. The effort is conducted in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District and complemented by monitoring performed by the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. \r\n\r\nSurface salinity was measured during moving boat surveys using a flow-through system that operated at planing speeds averaging 20 miles per hour. The data were logged every 10 seconds by a data recorder that simultaneously logged location information from a Global Positioning System. The major rivers, bays, and nearshore Gulf of Mexico region of the TTI area were surveyed in approximately 5 hours by two boats traversing about 200 total miles. Salinity and coordinate data were processed using inverse distance weighted interpolation to create salinity contour maps of the entire TTI region. \r\n\r\nTen maps were created from salinity surveys performed between May 2007 and May 2009 and illustrate the dry season, transitional, and wet season salinity patterns of the estuarine rivers, inner bays, mangrove islands, and Gulf of Mexico boundary. The effects of anthropogenic activities are indicated by exceptionally low salinities associated with point discharge into the estuary from the Faka Union Canal and Barron River during the wet season. Low salinities in Faka Union Bay may cause reduced diversity and density of submerged aquatic vegetation, fish, and benthic organisms compared with neighboring Fakahatchee Bay. The Faka Union Canal System reduced the size of the watershed for the western TTI estuary, resulting in increased wet season salinities compared to those for the eastern TTI estuary, the watershed of which is composed of the relatively pristine Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park. Minimal river discharge and high evaporation caused hypersaline conditions to develop throughout the entire TTI region during the dry season. The 2007-2008 drought and passage of Tropical Storm Fay on August 18-19, 2008, demonstrated the effects of seasonal rainfall on salinity patterns, with substantially higher salinities observed during the 2007 wet season compared to those for the 2008 wet season. The salinity maps, coupled with data from the monitoring stations, provide baseline information of seasonal and spatial distribution of freshwater flow and salinity in the TTI estuary, and a means of monitoring the effects of restoration in improving freshwater delivery to the estuary. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds501","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Soderqvist, L.E., and Patino, E., 2010, Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Freshwater Flow and Salinity in the Ten Thousand Islands Estuary, Florida, 2007-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 501, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds501.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"2007-05-01","temporalEnd":"2009-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_501.jpg"},{"id":13577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/501/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.62155151367188,\n 25.977181684362176\n ],\n [\n -81.69261932373047,\n 25.857060917861336\n ],\n [\n -81.42345428466797,\n 25.759082934951692\n ],\n [\n -81.35890960693358,\n 25.90185031509369\n ],\n [\n -81.62155151367188,\n 25.977181684362176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc42b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderqvist, Lars E.","contributorId":92358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderqvist","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98330,"text":"sir20105018 - 2010 - Mercury assessment and monitoring protocol for the Bear Creek Watershed, Colusa County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:11:55","indexId":"sir20105018","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5018","title":"Mercury assessment and monitoring protocol for the Bear Creek Watershed, Colusa County, California","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the known information on the occurrence and distribution of mercury (Hg) in physical/chemical and biological matrices within the Bear Creek watershed. Based on these data, a matrix-specific monitoring protocol for the evaluation of the effectiveness of activities designed to remediate Hg contamination in the Bear Creek watershed is presented. The monitoring protocol documents procedures for collecting and processing water, sediment, and biota for estimation of total Hg (TotHg) and monomethyl mercury (MMeHg) in the Bear Creek watershed. The concurrent sampling of TotHg and MMeHg in biota as well as water and sediment from 10 monitoring sites is designed to assess the relative bioavailability of Hg released from Hg sources in the watershed and identify environments conducive to Hg methylation. These protocols are designed to assist landowners, land managers, water quality regulators, and scientists in determining whether specific restoration/mitigation actions lead to significant progress toward achieving water quality goals to reduce Hg in Bear and Sulphur Creeks.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105018","collaboration":"Prepared for the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Suchanek, T.H., Hothem, R.L., Rytuba, J.J., and Yee, J.L., 2010, Mercury assessment and monitoring protocol for the Bear Creek Watershed, Colusa County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5018, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105018.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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Thomas H.","contributorId":69235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchanek","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98320,"text":"gip105 - 2010 - Tsunami Preparedness Along the U.S. West Coast (video)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:48","indexId":"gip105","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"105","title":"Tsunami Preparedness Along the U.S. West Coast (video)","docAbstract":"Tsunamis are a constant threat to the coasts of our world. Although tsunamis are infrequent along the West coast of the United States, it is possible and necessary to prepare for potential tsunami hazards to minimize loss of life and property. Community awareness programs are important, as they strive to create an informed society by providing education and training. \r\n\r\nThis video about tsunami preparedness along the West coast distinguishes between a local tsunami and a distant event and focuses on the specific needs of each region. It offers guidelines for correct tsunami response and community preparedness from local emergency managers, first-responders, and leading experts on tsunami hazards and warnings, who have been working on ways of making the tsunami affected regions safer for the people and communities on a long-term basis. This video was produced by the US Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California Emergency Management Agency (CalEMA), Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI), Washington Emergency Management Division (EMD), Marin Office of Emergency Services, and Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E). \r\n\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip105","collaboration":"In cooperation with the California Emergency Management Agency (CalEMA), Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI), Washington Emergency Management Division (EMD), Marin Office of Emergency Services, and Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E)","usgsCitation":"Loeffler, K., and Gesell, J., 2010, Tsunami Preparedness Along the U.S. West Coast (video): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 105, video; soundfile with added text (MP3), https://doi.org/10.3133/gip105.","productDescription":"video; soundfile with added text (MP3)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623bce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeffler, Kurt","contributorId":78434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loeffler","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gesell, Justine","contributorId":18475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesell","given":"Justine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98322,"text":"sir20095259 - 2010 - Analysis of the Shallow Groundwater Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore, Suffolk County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095259","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5259","title":"Analysis of the Shallow Groundwater Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore, Suffolk County, New York","docAbstract":"Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS) occupies 42 kilometers of the barrier island for which it is named that lies off the southern shore of Suffolk County, N.Y. Freshwater in the highly permeable, sandy aquifer underlying Fire Island is bounded laterally by marine surface waters and at depth by saline groundwater. Interspersed throughout FIIS are 17 pre-existing residential communities that in summer months greatly increase in population through the arrival of summer residents and vacationers; in addition, the National Park Service (NPS) has established several facilities on the island to accommodate visitors to FIIS. The 2.2 million people estimated by the NPS to visit Fire Island annually impact groundwater quality through the release of waste-derived contaminants, such as nutrients, pathogens, and organic compounds, into the environment. Waste-contaminated groundwater can move through the aquifer and threaten the ecological health of the adjacent back-barrier estuaries to which much of the groundwater ultimately discharges. In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the NPS, began a 3-year investigation to (1) collect groundwater levels and water-quality (nutrient) samples, (2) develop a three-dimensional model of the shallow (water-table) aquifer system and adjacent marine surface waters, and (3) calculate nitrogen loads in simulated groundwater discharges from the aquifer to back-barrier estuaries and the ocean.\r\n\r\nThe hydrogeology of the shallow aquifer system was characterized from the results of exploratory drilling, geophysical surveying, water-level monitoring, and water-quality sampling. The investigation focused on four areas-the communities of Kismet and Robbins Rest, the NPS Visitor Center at Watch Hill, and the undeveloped Otis Pike Fire Island High Dune Wilderness. Thirty-five observation wells were installed within FIIS to characterize subsurface hydrogeology and establish a water-table monitoring network in the four study areas. A variable-density model of the shallow aquifer system and adjacent marine surface waters was developed to simulate groundwater flow patterns and rates. Nitrogen loads from the shallow aquifer system were calculated from representative total nitrogen (TN) concentrations and simulated groundwater discharges to back-barrier estuaries and the ocean.\r\n\r\nThe model simulates groundwater directions, velocities, and discharge rates under 2005 mean annual conditions. Groundwater budgets were developed for recharge areas of similar land use that contribute freshwater to back-barrier estuaries, the ocean, and subsea-discharge zones. Total freshwater discharge from the shallow aquifer system is about 43,500 cubic meters per day (m3/d) (79.8 percent) to back-barrier estuaries and about 10,200 m3/d (18.7 percent) to the ocean; about 836 m3/d (1.5 percent) may exit the system as subsea underflow. The total contribution of fresh groundwater to shoreline discharge zones amounts to about 53,700 m3/d (98.5 percent). The median age of freshwater discharged to back-barrier estuaries and the ocean was 3.4 years, and the 95th-percentile age was 20 years.\r\n\r\nThe TN concentrations and loads under 2005 mean annual conditions for areas that contribute fresh groundwater to back-barrier estuaries and the ocean were calculated for the principal land uses on Fire Island. The overall TN load from the shallow aquifer system to shoreline discharge zones is about 16,200 kilograms per year (kg/yr) (82.2 percent) to back-barrier estuaries and about 3,500 kg/yr (17.8 percent) to the ocean. The overall TN load to marine surface waters amounts to about 19,700 kg/yr-roughly 6 percent of the annual TN load from shallow groundwater entering the South Shore Estuary Reserve (SSER) from the Suffolk County mainland, which is about 345,000 kg/yr. In contrast to the TN load from shallow groundwater for the SSER watershed, which annually yields about 353 kilograms per square kilometer (kg/km2), the overall TN loa","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C., 2010, Analysis of the Shallow Groundwater Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5259, x, 107 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095259.","productDescription":"x, 107 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5259.jpg"},{"id":13571,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68004f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schubert, Christopher 0000-0003-0705-3933 schubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-3933","contributorId":1243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"Christopher","email":"schubert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98327,"text":"sir20095266 - 2010 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the central-eastside San Joaquin Basin, 2006: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T20:14:13.008933","indexId":"sir20095266","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5266","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the central-eastside San Joaquin Basin, 2006: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 1,695-square-mile Central Eastside San Joaquin Basin (Central Eastside) study unit was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project (PBP) of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The GAMA Central Eastside study unit was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. During March through June 2006, samples were collected from 78 wells in Stanislaus and Merced Counties, 58 of which were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and 20 of which were sampled to evaluate changes in water chemistry along groundwater-flow paths (understanding wells). Water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database also were used for the assessment.
An assessment of the current status of the groundwater quality included collecting samples from wells for analysis of anthropogenic constituents such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pesticides, as well as naturally occurring constituents such as major ions and trace elements. The assessment of status is intended to characterize the quality of untreated-groundwater resources within the primary aquifer system, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors. The primary aquifer system (hereinafter, primary aquifer) is defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the CDPH database for the Central Eastside study unit. The quality of groundwater in shallower or deeper water-bearing zones may differ from that in the primary aquifer; shallower groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. The primary aquifer is represented by the grid wells, of which 90 percent had depths to the tops of their perforations of about 80 to 330 feet and depths to bottom of about 100 to 670 feet. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by benchmark concentration) were used as the primary metric for assessing the status of water quality for those constituents that have Federal and (or) California human health or aesthetic benchmarks. A relative-concentration greater than (>) 1.0 indicates a concentration above a benchmark, and less than or equal to (≤) 1.0 indicates a concentration equal to or below a benchmark. For organic and special interest constituents, relative-concentrations were classified as high (>1.0), moderate (≤1.0 and >0.1), or low (≤0.1). For inorganic constituents, relative-concentrations were classified as high (>1.0), moderate (≤1.0 and >0.5), or low (≤0.5). The threshold between low and moderate classifications was lower for organic and special interest constituents than for inorganic constituents because organic constituents generally are less prevalent and have smaller relative-concentrations than inorganic constituents.
Grid-based and spatially-weighted approaches, the latter incorporating data from all CDPH wells, were used to evaluate the proportion of the primary aquifer (aquifer-scale proportions) with high, moderate, or low relative-concentrations. For individual constituents or classes of constituents, the aquifer-scale high proportion is the percentage of the area of the study unit having high relative-concentrations within the depth-zones of the primary aquifer. Aquifer-scale moderate and low proportions are defined similarly. Spatially-weighted aquifer-scale high proportions nearly always fell within the 90-percent confidence interval of grid-based aquifer-scale high proportions, indicating that the grid-based approach yielded statistically equivalent results to the spatially-weighted approach incorporating CDPH data.
The status assessment for inorganic constituents showed that inorganic constituents (one or more) were high, relative to human-health benchmarks, in 18.0 percent of the primary aquifer, moderate in 44.0 percent, and low in 38.0 percent. Of inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks, arsenic, vanadium, and nitrate were detected at high relative-concentrations in 15.6 percent, 3.6 percent, and 2.1 percent, respectively, of the primary aquifer. Of inorganic constituents with secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL), manganese, iron, and TDS were detected at high relative-concentrations in 4.5 percent, 2.2 percent, and 1.7 percent, respectively, of the primary aquifer.
The status assessment for organic constituents showed that organic constituents (one or more) were high, relative to human-health benchmarks, in a smaller proportion of the primary aquifer (1.2 percent) than inorganic constituents (18.0 percent). Organic constituents had moderate relative-concentrations in 14.3 percent, and had low relative-concentrations or were not detected in 84.5 percent, of the primary aquifer. The proportion of the primary aquifer with high relative-concentrations of organic constituents reflected high proportions of the discontinued soil fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3-chlororopane (DBCP; 1.0 percent) and the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE; 0.2 percent). Most of the organic and special interest constituents detected in groundwater in the Central Eastside study unit have human-health benchmarks. Of the 205 organic and special interest constituents analyzed for, 36 constituents were detected. Of these constituents, 32 were detected only at low relative-concentrations. Four constituents, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, DBCP, and perchlorate, were detected at moderate relative-concentrations in grid wells. Nine organic and special-interest constituents were detected frequently (detected in greater than 10 percent of samples): the trihalomethanes chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane; the solvent PCE; the herbicides atrazine, simazine, and metolachlor, and special-interest constituent perchlorate.
An assessment of understanding of the groundwater quality included sampling of understanding wells, some of which were perforated in shallower or deeper portions of the aquifer system than the primary aquifer, and analysis of correlations of groundwater quality with land use, depth, age classification, and other potential explanatory factors.
The understanding assessment indicated that the concentrations of many constituents were related to depth and groundwater age. However, concentrations of individual constituents or constituent classes also were sometimes related to geochemical conditions, lateral position in the flow system, or land use.
High and moderate relative-concentrations of uranium, nitrate, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were detected in some wells where the tops of perforations are within the upper 200 feet of the aquifer system. In wells with the depth to the top of perforations below this depth, concentrations were low. A similar pattern occurred for the sum of herbicide concentrations. These vertical water-chemistry patterns are consistent with the hydrogeologic setting, in which return flows from agricultural and urban land use are the major source of recharge, and withdrawals for irrigation and urban supply are the major source of discharge, resulting in substantial vertical components of groundwater flow.
The decrease in concentrations of many constituents with depth reflects in part that groundwater gets older with depth. Tritium, helium-isotopes, and carbon-14 data were used to classify the predominant age of groundwater samples into three categories: modern (water that has entered the aquifer in the last 50 years), pre-modern (water that entered the aquifer more than 50 years, up to tens of thousands of years, ago), and mixed (mixtures of waters with modern and pre-modern ages). Uranium, nitrate, and herbicide concentrations were significantly higher in groundwater having modern- and mixed-ages than pre-modern ages, indicating that these constituents may be affected by anthropogenic activities in the last 50 years.
Other patterns in the distribution of nitrate, uranium, and TDS are evident. Isotopic and geochemical data are consistent with partial denitrification of nitrate in some reducing groundwaters in the western and deeper parts of the flow system. Uranium and TDS concentrations increase from east to west across the valley, along the direction of regional lateral groundwater flow.
High and moderate relative-concentrations of arsenic can be attributed to reductive dissolution of manganese or iron oxides, or to desorption by high pH waters. Arsenic concentrations also increased with increasing depth and groundwater age. High to moderate relative-concentrations of vanadium primarily are related to high pH under oxic conditions.
The frequency of detections of DBCP was greater in areas with orchard-vineyard land use >40 percent and at depths <200 feet. THMs and solvents were correlated positively with percent urban land use. Herbicide concentrations were correlated negatively with percent natural land use. Perchlorate concentrations were significantly greater in waters having modern and mixed ages than waters having pre-modern ages and were significantly and positively correlated with two land uses—percent orchard/vineyard land use and percent urban land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., Belitz, K., Jurgens, B., Kulongoski, J., and Johnson, T., 2010, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the central-eastside San Joaquin Basin, 2006: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5266, xii, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095266.","productDescription":"xii, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13576,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463447,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92511.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5266.jpg"},{"id":339724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5266/pdf/sir20095266.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.41666666666667,37 ], [ -121.41666666666667,38 ], [ -119,38 ], [ -119,37 ], [ -121.41666666666667,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0eb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":59909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":64366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98324,"text":"fs20103022 - 2010 - River-corridor habitat dynamics, Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T16:12:07","indexId":"fs20103022","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3022","title":"River-corridor habitat dynamics, Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"Intensive management of the Missouri River for navigation, flood control, and power generation has resulted in substantial physical changes to the river corridor. Historically, the Missouri River was characterized by a shifting, multithread channel and abundant unvegetated sandbars. The shifting channel provided a wide variety of hydraulic environments and large areas of connected and unconnected off-channel water bodies.
Beginning in the early 1800s and continuing to the present, the channel of the Lower Missouri River (downstream from Sioux City, Iowa) has been trained into a fast, deep, single-thread channel to stabilize banks and maintain commercial navigation. Wing dikes now concentrate the flow, and revetments and levees keep the channel in place and disconnect it from the flood plain. In addition, reservoir regulation of the Missouri River upstream of Yankton, South Dakota, has substantially changed the annual hydrograph, sediment loads, temperature regime, and nutrient budgets.
While changes to the Missouri River have resulted in broad social and economic benefits, they have also been associated with loss of river-corridor habitats and diminished populations of native fish and wildlife species. Today, Missouri River stakeholders are seeking ways to restore some natural ecosystem benefits of the Lower Missouri River without compromising traditional economic uses of the river and flood plain.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103022","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., 2010, River-corridor habitat dynamics, Lower Missouri River: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3022, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103022.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3022.jpg"},{"id":341549,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3022/pdf/FS2010-3022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db6000fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98325,"text":"ofr20091250 - 2010 - Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T15:30:36.673536","indexId":"ofr20091250","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1250","title":"Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is studying coastal hazards and coastal change to improve our understanding of coastal ecosystems and to develop better capabilities of predicting future coastal change. One approach to understanding the dynamics of coastal systems is to monitor changes in barrier-island subenvironments through time. This involves examining morphological and topographic change at temporal scales ranging from millennia to years and spatial scales ranging from tens of kilometers to meters. Of particular interest are the processes that produce those changes and the determination of whether or not those processes are likely to persist into the future. In these analyses of hazards and change, both natural and anthropogenic influences are considered. Quantifying past magnitudes and rates of coastal change and knowing the principal factors that govern those changes are critical to predicting what changes are likely to occur under different scenarios, such as short-term impacts of extreme storms or long-term impacts of sea-level rise. Gulf Islands National Seashore was selected for detailed mapping of barrier-island morphology and topography because the islands offer a diversity of depositional subenvironments and the islands' areas and positions have changed substantially in historical time. The geomorphologic and subenvironmental maps emphasize the processes that formed the surficial features and also serve as a basis for documenting which subenvironments are relatively stable, such as the beach ridge complex, and those which are highly dynamic, such as the beach and active overwash zones.\r\n\r\nThe primary mapping procedures used supervised functions within a Geographic Information System (GIS) that classified depositional subenvironments and features (map units) and delineated boundaries of the features (shapefiles). The GIS classified units on the basis of tonal patterns of a feature in contrast to adjacent features observed on georeferenced aerial photographs. Land elevations from recent lidar surveys served as supplementary data to assist in delineating the map-unit boundaries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091250","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service (NPS).","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., and Rogers, B.E., 2010, Geomorphology and depositional subenvironments of Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1250, 4 Plates: 34.00 x 44.00 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091250.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 34.00 x 44.00 inches; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423274,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94715.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13574,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Cat Island, Horn Island, Petit Bois Island, Ship Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.40293885515848,\n 30.27097270274332\n ],\n [\n -89.16125785215971,\n 30.27097270274332\n ],\n [\n -89.16125785215971,\n 30.150027436564756\n ],\n [\n -88.40293885515848,\n 30.150027436564756\n ],\n [\n -88.40293885515848,\n 30.27097270274332\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Bryan E.","contributorId":67368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98323,"text":"ofr20101060 - 2010 - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center-Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"ofr20101060","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1060","title":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center-Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Report","docAbstract":"The Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) facility focused on providing science and imagery to better understand our Earth. As part of the USGS Geography Discipline, EROS contributes to the Land Remote Sensing (LRS) Program, the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) Program, and the National Geospatial Program (NGP), as well as our Federal partners and cooperators. The work of the Center is shaped by the Earth sciences, the missions of our stakeholders, and implemented through strong program and project management and application of state-of-the-art information technologies. Fundamentally, EROS contributes to the understanding of a changing Earth through 'research to operations' activities that include developing, implementing, and operating remote sensing based terrestrial monitoring capabilities needed to address interdisciplinary science and applications objectives at all levels-both nationally and internationally.\r\n\r\nThe Center's programs and projects continually strive to meet and/or exceed the changing needs of the USGS, the Department of the Interior, our Nation, and international constituents. The Center's multidisciplinary staff uses their unique expertise in remote sensing science and technologies to conduct basic and applied research, data acquisition, systems engineering, information access and management, and archive preservation to address the Nation's most critical needs. Of particular note is the role of EROS as the primary provider of Landsat data, the longest comprehensive global land Earth observation record ever collected.\r\n\r\nThis report is intended to provide an overview of the scientific and engineering achievements and illustrate the range and scope of the activities and accomplishments at EROS throughout fiscal year (FY) 2009. Additional information concerning the scientific, engineering, and operational achievements can be obtained from the scientific papers and other documents published by EROS staff.\r\n\r\nWe welcome comments and follow-up questions on any aspect of this Annual Report and invite any of our customers or partners to contact us at their convenience. To communicate with us, or for more information about EROS, contact: Communications and Outreach, USGS EROS Center, 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198, jsnelson@usgs.gov, http://eros.usgs.gov/.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101060","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.S., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center-Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1060, xv, 83 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101060.","productDescription":"xv, 83 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1060.jpg"},{"id":13572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69624a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Janice S. jsnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Janice","email":"jsnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98318,"text":"ofr20101062 - 2010 - The transition of benthic nutrient sources after planned levee breaches adjacent to upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T11:37:36","indexId":"ofr20101062","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1062","title":"The transition of benthic nutrient sources after planned levee breaches adjacent to upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","docAbstract":"Four sampling trips were coordinated after planned levee breaches that hydrologically reconnected both Upper Klamath Lake and Agency Lake, Oregon, to adjacent wetlands. Sets of nonmetallic pore-water profilers were deployed during these trips in November 2007, June 2008, May 2009, and July 2009. Deployments temporally spanned the annual cyanophyte bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) and spatially involved three lake and four wetland sites. Profilers, typically deployed in triplicate at each lake or wetland site, provided high-resolution (centimeter-scale) estimates of the vertical concentration gradients for diffusive-flux determinations. Estimates based on molecular diffusion may underestimate benthic flux because solute transport across the sediment-water interface can be enhanced by processes including bioturbation, bioirrigation and groundwater advection. Water-column and benthic samples were also collected to help interpret spatial and temporal trends in diffusive-flux estimates. Data from these samples complement taxonomic and geochemical analyses of bottom-sediments taken from Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) in prior studies. \r\n\r\nThis ongoing study provides information necessary for developing process-interdependent solute-transport models for the watershed (that is, models integrating physical, geochemical, and biological processes) and supports efforts to evaluate remediation or load-allocation strategies. To augment studies funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), the Department of the Interior supported an additional full deployment of pore-water profilers in November 2007 and July 2009, immediately following the levee breaches and after the crash of the annual summer AFA bloom. \r\n\r\nAs observed consistently since 2006, benthic flux of 0.2-micron filtered, soluble reactive phosphorus (that is, biologically available phosphorus, primarily as orthophosphate; SRP) was consistently positive (that is, out of the sediment into the overlying water column) and ranged from a negligible value (-0.19?0.91 milligrams per square meter per day; mg m-2 d-1) within wetlands of the Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge to 74?48 mg m-2 d-1 at the newly restored wetland site removed from the levee breach (TNC1); both observed in May 2009 before the annual AFA bloom. When areally averaged (13 km2 for the newly restored wetlands), an SRP flux to the overlying water column is determined of approximately 87,000 kilograms (kg) over the 3-month AFA bloom season that exceeds the magnitude of riverine inputs (42,000 kg for the season). Elevated SRP benthic flux at TNC1 relative to all other lake and wetland sites (including TNC2 near the breached levee) in 2009 suggests that the restored wetlands, at least chemically, remain in a transition period after engineered blasts on October 30, 2007, restored hydrologic connectivity between lake and wetland environments. As reported in previous lake studies, ammonium fluxes to the water column were consistently positive, with the exception of two measurements at the restored wetland sites (TNC1 and TNC2) immediately following the levee breaches in November 2007. The flux of ammonia, particularly at elevated pH in the overlying water column, has toxicological implications for endangered fish populations in both lake and wetland environments. For dissolved nitrate, with the exception of a single positive flux measurement at TNC1 in June 2008 (0.16?0.02 mg m-2 d-1), consistently negative (consumed by the sediment) or undetectable nitrate-flux values were observed (-21?12 mg m-2 d-1 to undetectable fluxes due to concentrations for dissolved nitrate <0.03 milligrams per liter (mg L-1) in both porewaters and overlying waters near the sediment-water interface). Such negative fluxes for dissolved nitrate are typical of microbial transformations, such as dinitrification (dissimilatory nitrate reduction), that benthically consume nitrate from the water column. The diffusive-flux measurements reported herei","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation\r\n","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Topping, B.R., Carter, J.L., Parchaso, F., Cameron, J.M., Asbill, J.R., Fend, S.V., Duff, J.H., and Engelstad, A., 2010, The transition of benthic nutrient sources after planned levee breaches adjacent to upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1062, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101062.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":340,"text":"Hydrologic Research and Development Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1062.jpg"},{"id":13568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2,42.2 ], [ -122.2,42.7 ], [ -121.585,42.7 ], [ -121.585,42.2 ], [ -122.2,42.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db67366a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parchaso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":173016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchaso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cameron, Jason M.","contributorId":71289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Asbill, Jessica R.","contributorId":39896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asbill","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Engelstad, Anita C. 0000-0002-0211-4189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-4189","contributorId":24884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelstad","given":"Anita C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":98317,"text":"fs20103024 - 2010 - The pallid sturgeon: Scientific investigations help understand recovery needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:18:07","indexId":"fs20103024","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3024","title":"The pallid sturgeon: Scientific investigations help understand recovery needs","docAbstract":"Understanding of the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) has increased significantly since the species was listed as endangered over two decades ago. Since 2005, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC) have been engaged in an interdisciplinary research program in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, and numerous other State and Federal cooperators to provide managers and policy makers with the knowledge needed to evaluate recovery options. During that time, the USGS has worked collaboratively with river scientists and managers to develop methods, baseline information, and research approaches that are critical contributions to recovery success.\r\n\r\nThe pallid sturgeon is endangered throughout the Missouri River because of insufficient reproduction and survival of early life stages. Primary management actions on the Missouri River designed to increase reproductive success and survival have focused on flow regime, channel morphology, and propagation. The CERC research strategies have, therefore, been designed to examine the linkages among flow regime, re-engineered channel morphology, and reproductive success and survival. Specific research objectives include the following: (1) understanding reproductive physiology of pallid sturgeon and relations to environmental conditions; (2) determining movement, habitat use, and reproductive behavior of pallid sturgeon; and (3) quantifying availability and dynamics of aquatic habitats needed by pallid sturgeon for all life stages.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Missouri River Recovery - Integrated Science Program","usgsCitation":"DeLonay, A.J., 2010, The pallid sturgeon: Scientific investigations help understand recovery needs: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3024, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103024.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3024.jpg"},{"id":13567,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334538,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3024/pdf/FS2010-3024.pdf","size":"819 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.58416666666666,39.13333333333333 ], [ -94.58416666666666,39.134166666666665 ], [ -94.58361111111111,39.134166666666665 ], [ -94.58361111111111,39.13333333333333 ], [ -94.58416666666666,39.13333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J.","contributorId":53360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98319,"text":"ofr20101054 - 2010 - Assessment of soil-gas, surface-water, and soil contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T10:48:46","indexId":"ofr20101054","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1054","title":"Assessment of soil-gas, surface-water, and soil contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, assessed soil gas, surface water, and soil for contaminants at the Installation Railhead (IR) at Fort Gordon, Georgia, from October 2008 to September 2009. The assessment included delineation of organic contaminants present in soil-gas samples beneath the IR, and in a surface-water sample collected from an unnamed tributary to Marcum Branch in the western part of the IR. Inorganic contaminants were determined in a surface-water sample and in soil samples. This assessment was conducted to provide environmental contamination data to Fort Gordon personnel pursuant to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process. \r\n\r\nSoil-gas samples collected within a localized area on the western part of the IR contained total petroleum hydrocarbons; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes (referred to as BTEX); and naphthalene above the method detection level. These soil-gas samples were collected where buildings had previously stood. Soil-gas samples collected within a localized area contained perchloroethylene (PCE). These samples were collected where buildings 2410 and 2405 had been. Chloroform and toluene were detected in a surface-water sample collected from an unnamed tributary to Marcum Branch but at concentrations below the National Primary Drinking Water Standard maximum contaminant level (MCL) for each compound. Iron was detected in the surface-water sample at 686 micrograms per liter (ug/L) and exceeded the National Secondary Drinking Water Standard MCL for iron. Metal concentrations in composite soil samples collected at three locations from land surface to a depth of 6 inches did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Screening Levels for industrial soil.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Harrelson, L.G., Ratliff, W.H., and Wellborn, J.B., 2010, Assessment of soil-gas, surface-water, and soil contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1054, vi, 22 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101054.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1054.jpg"},{"id":13569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.36666666666666,32.266666666666666 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.5 ], [ -82.11666666666666,32.5 ], [ -82.11666666666666,32.266666666666666 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671cd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrelson, Larry G.","contributorId":70059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrelson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98316,"text":"sir20105002 - 2010 - Estimated Withdrawals and Use of Water in Colorado, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"sir20105002","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5002","title":"Estimated Withdrawals and Use of Water in Colorado, 2005","docAbstract":"The future health and economic welfare of the people and environment of Colorado depend on a continuous supply of fresh water. Detailed, comprehensive information on the use of water from Colorado's diverse surface-water and groundwater resources is important to water managers and planners by providing information they need to quantify current stresses and estimate and plan for future water needs. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water Use Information Program (NWUIP), Statewide water withdrawal and water-use data have been collected or estimated and summarized in this report by county and by four-digit hydrologic unit code for the following seven water-use categories: irrigation (crop and golf course), public supply, self-supplied domestic, self-supplied industrial, livestock, mining, and thermoelectric power generation. A summary for instream water use for hydroelectric power generation also is included. This report is published in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board.\r\n\r\nIn 2005, an estimated 13,581.22 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) was withdrawn from groundwater and surface-water sources in Colorado for the seven water-use categories. Withdrawals from surface water represented about 11,035 Mgal/d, or 81.3 percent of the total, whereas withdrawals from groundwater sources represented an estimated 2,546 Mgal/d or 18.7 percent of the total. Irrigation (combined crop and golf course) totaled 12,362.49 Mgal/d or 91 percent of the total water withdrawals in the State of Colorado. Crop irrigation accounted for 99.7 percent (12,321.85 Mgal/d) of the irrigation, whereas the 243 turf golf courses in Colorado accounted for 0.3 percent (40.64 Mgal/d) of the total irrigation water withdrawals. Total withdrawals for the other water-use categories were public supply, 864.17 Mgal/d; self-supplied domestic, 34.43 Mgal/d; self-supplied industrial, 142.44 Mgal/d; livestock, 33.06 Mgal/d; mining, 21.42 Mgal/d (includes both fresh and saline water); and thermoelectric, 123.21 Mgal/d. The counties with the largest total withdrawals (greater than 500 Mgal/d) were Mesa, Weld, Rio Grande, Montrose, Gunnison, and Saguache. Counties with the smallest total withdrawals (less than 5 Mgal/d) were Clear Creek, Gilpin, and San Juan. Four-digit hydrologic unit codes with the greatest withdrawals were 1019 (South Platte River Basin), 1301 (Rio Grande Basin), and 1102 (Arkansas River Basin); the high withdrawal rates were driven by crop irrigation withdrawals. Total instream water use for hydroelectric power generation was 5,253.60 Mgal/d.\r\n\r\nGroundwater withdrawals were estimated for 2004 for the bedrock and overlying alluvial aquifers in the Denver Basin for irrigation, public supply, commercial/industrial, household use only, and domestic/livestock water-use categories. Withdrawals were estimated for input into the USGS Denver Basin model by using the equations in the Senate Bill 96-074 groundwater model. The greatest withdrawals were for public supply. The smallest withdrawals were for household-use-only wells. Douglas County had the greatest groundwater withdrawals (183.98 Mgal/d), whereas Broomfield County had the smallest (3.09 Mgal/d). Of the seven Denver Basin aquifers, the Lower Arapahoe aquifer had the greatest total estimated withdrawals (287.11 Mgal/d), with Douglas County having the greatest public-supply withdrawal of any county (95.29 Mgal/d) from this aquifer. The Upper Dawson aquifer was the least used of the Denver Basin aquifers, based on estimated withdrawals of 17.64 Mgal/d.\r\n\r\nAs part of the Colorado Statewide Water Supply Initiative (SWSI), forecasts of future water demand were made based on information such as population, climate, and then-current (2000) water-use information and did not include the effects of future water conservation. Categories compared between estimates in the SWSI baseline forecasted water demand and the USGS water-use compilation were limited to county population and w","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Ivahnenko, T., and Flynn, J.L., 2010, Estimated Withdrawals and Use of Water in Colorado, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5002, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105002.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5002.jpg"},{"id":13566,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,37 ], [ -109,41 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -102,37 ], [ -109,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivahnenko, Tamara 0000-0002-1124-7688 ivahnenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-7688","contributorId":93524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"Tamara","email":"ivahnenk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Jennifer L.","contributorId":66298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98312,"text":"fs20103018 - 2010 - Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T10:22:20","indexId":"fs20103018","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3018","title":"Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS)","docAbstract":"In 1990, the U.S. Congress enacted the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) in response to growing awareness of a land loss crisis in Louisiana. Projects funded by CWPPRA require monitoring and evaluation of project effectiveness, and there is also a need to assess the cumulative effects of all projects to achieve a sustainable coastal environment. \r\n\r\nIn 2003, the Louisiana Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration (OCPR) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) received approval from the CWPPRA Task Force to implement the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) as a mechanism to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of CWPPRA projects at the project, region, and coastwide levels. The CRMS design implements a multiple reference approach by using aspects of hydrogeomorphic functional assessments and probabilistic sampling.\r\n\r\nThe CRMS program is as dynamic as the coastal habitats it monitors. The program is currently funded through CWPPRA and provides data for a variety of user groups, including resource managers, academics, landowners, and researchers.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103018","usgsCitation":"Steyer, G.D., 2010, Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3018, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103018.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3018.jpg"},{"id":13565,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -88.79150390625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -88.79150390625,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51c6e4b0b290850f418c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98308,"text":"ofr20101067 - 2010 - Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-11T07:38:28","indexId":"ofr20101067","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1067","title":"Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti","docAbstract":"In response to the urgent need for earthquake-hazard information after the tragic disaster caused by the moment magnitude (M) 7.0 January 12, 2010, earthquake, we have constructed initial probabilistic seismic hazard maps for Haiti. These maps are based on the current information we have on fault slip rates and historical and instrumental seismicity. These initial maps will be revised and improved as more data become available. In the short term, more extensive logic trees will be developed to better capture the uncertainty in key parameters. In the longer term, we will incorporate new information on fault parameters and previous large earthquakes obtained from geologic fieldwork. These seismic hazard maps are important for the management of the current crisis and the development of building codes and standards for the rebuilding effort.\r\n\r\nThe boundary between the Caribbean and North American Plates in the Hispaniola region is a complex zone of deformation. The highly oblique ~20 mm/yr convergence between the two plates (DeMets and others, 2000) is partitioned between subduction zones off of the northern and southeastern coasts of Hispaniola and strike-slip faults that transect the northern and southern portions of the island. There are also thrust faults within the island that reflect the compressional component of motion caused by the geometry of the plate boundary.\r\n\r\nWe follow the general methodology developed for the 1996 U.S. national seismic hazard maps and also as implemented in the 2002 and 2008 updates. This procedure consists of adding the seismic hazard calculated from crustal faults, subduction zones, and spatially smoothed seismicity for shallow earthquakes and Wadati-Benioff-zone earthquakes. Each one of these source classes will be described below. The lack of information on faults in Haiti requires many assumptions to be made. These assumptions will need to be revisited and reevaluated as more fieldwork and research are accomplished.\r\n\r\nWe made two sets of maps using different assumptions about site conditions. One set of maps is for a firm-rock site condition (30-m averaged shear-wave velocity, Vs30, of 760 m/s). We also developed hazard maps that contain site amplification based on a grid of Vs30 values estimated from topographic slope. These maps take into account amplification from soils.\r\n\r\nWe stress that these new maps are designed to quantify the hazard for Haiti; they do not consider all the sources of earthquake hazard that affect the Dominican Republic and therefore should not be considered as complete hazard maps for eastern Hispaniola. For example, we have not included hazard from earthquakes in the Mona Passage nor from large earthquakes on the subduction zone interface north of Puerto Rico. Furthermore, they do not capture all the earthquake hazards for eastern Cuba.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101067","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Harmsen, S., Mueller, C., Calais, E., and Haase, J., 2010, Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1067, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101067.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":235,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program - Northern California","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1067.jpg"},{"id":13561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,16 ], [ -75,21 ], [ -68,21 ], [ -68,16 ], [ -75,16 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen","contributorId":95977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Charles","contributorId":57178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calais, Eric","contributorId":98838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calais","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haase, Jennifer","contributorId":55932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98309,"text":"fs20103020 - 2010 - Studies of Climate Change in the Yukon River Basin: Connecting Community and Science Through a Unique Partnership","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"fs20103020","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3020","title":"Studies of Climate Change in the Yukon River Basin: Connecting Community and Science Through a Unique Partnership","docAbstract":"An exciting new partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council (YRITWC) is yielding critical data for the assessment of climate change effects in the Yukon River Basin. The foundation of this partnership is a shared interest in the current and future water quality of the Yukon River and its relation to climate. The USGS began a landmark study of the Yukon River and its major tributaries in 2000. A key objective of this study is to establish a baseline dataset of water quality, which will serve as an important frame of reference to assess future changes in the basin that may result from a warmer climate. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103020","collaboration":"In cooperation with the the Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council","usgsCitation":"Schuster, P.F., and Maracle, K.B., 2010, Studies of Climate Change in the Yukon River Basin: Connecting Community and Science Through a Unique Partnership: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3020, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103020.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3020.gif"},{"id":13562,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 159,51 ], [ 159,68 ], [ -109,68 ], [ -109,51 ], [ 159,51 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maracle, Karonhiakta’tie Byran","contributorId":41930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maracle","given":"Karonhiakta’tie","email":"","middleInitial":"Byran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98311,"text":"sim3119 - 2010 - Reconnaissance geologic map of the Hayfork 15' quadrangle, Trinity County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T21:25:57.250117","indexId":"sim3119","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3119","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of the Hayfork 15' quadrangle, Trinity County, California","docAbstract":"The Hayfork 15' quadrangle is located just west of the Weaverville 15' quadrangle in the southern part of the Klamath Mountains geologic province of northern California. It spans parts of six generally north-northwest-trending tectonostratigraphic terranes that are, from east to west, the Eastern Klamath, Central Metamorphic, North Fork, Eastern Hayfork, Western Hayfork, and Rattlesnake Creek terranes. Remnants of a once-widespread postaccretionary overlap assemblage, the Cretaceous Great Valley sequence, crop out at three localities in the southern part of the Hayfork quadrangle. The Tertiary fluvial and lacustrine Weaverville Formation occupies a large, shallow, east-northeast-trending graben in the south half of the quadrangle. \r\n\r\nThe small area of Eastern Klamath terrane is part of the Oregon Mountain outlier, which is more widely exposed to the east in the Weaverville 15' quadrangle. It was originally mapped as a thrust plate of Bragdon(?) Formation, but it is now thought by some to be part of an outlier of Yreka terrane that has been dislocated 60 km southward by the La Grange Fault. The Central Metamorphic terrane, which forms the footwall of the La Grange Fault, was formed by the eastward subduction of oceanic crustal basalt (the Salmon Hornblende Schist) and its overlying siliceous sediments with interbedded limestone (the Abrams Mica Schist) beneath the Eastern Klamath terrane. Rb-Sr analysis of the Abrams Mica Schist indicates a Middle Devonian metamorphic age of approximately 380 Ma, which probably represents the age of subduction. \r\n\r\nThe North Fork terrane, which is faulted against the western boundary of the Central Metamorphic terrane, consists of the Permian(?) North Fork ophiolite and overlying broken formation and melange of Permian to Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) marine metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks. The ophiolite, which crops out along the western border of the terrane, is thrust westward over the Eastern Hayfork terrane. \r\n\r\nThe Eastern Hayfork terrane is a broken formation and melange of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, including chert and blocks of amphibolite, limestone, and serpentinized ultramafic rocks. The chert contains radiolarians of Permian and Triassic ages, but none of clearly Jurassic age. In contrast, the cherts of the North Fork terrane contain Early and Middle Jurassic radiolarians in addition to those of Permian and Triassic ages; also, some limestones of the Eastern Hayfork terrane contain fossil faunas of Tethyan affinity, but those of the North Fork terrane do not. \r\n\r\nThe Western Hayfork terrane is an andesitic volcanic arc that was accreted to the Eastern Hayfork terrane. It consists mainly of metavolcaniclastic andesitic agglomerate and tuff, as well as argillite and chert, and it includes the dioritic Ironside Mountain batholith, which intruded during Middle Jurassic time. Two large patches of Western Hayfork terrane mapped in the central part of the Eastern Hayfork terrane may be exposed through windows in the Eastern Hayfork terrane, although the structural relation is not clear. \r\n\r\nThe Rattlesnake Creek terrane is a melange that occupies only a small area in the southwest corner of the Hayfork quadrangle; however, it is a major unit in the Hyampom 15' quadrangle to the west. It consists mainly of broken and sheared ophiolitic rocks of probable Permian or early Mesozoic age. \r\n\r\nThe Cretaceous Great Valley sequence overlap assemblage here postdates the Early Cretaceous (approximately 136 Ma) emplacement of the Shasta Bally batholith, which is widely exposed to the east in the Weaverville 15' quadrangle. The Great Valley sequence once covered much of the southern Klamath Mountains; however, in the Hayfork quadrangle, only three small patches remain near its southern boundary. \r\n\r\nWeakly consolidated nonmarine sedimentary rocks of the Weaverville Formation of mid-Tertiary age, which contain abundant fossil plants, occupy a large, shallow, east-northeast-trending graben","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3119","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 2010, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Hayfork 15' quadrangle, Trinity County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3119, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 40.85 x 28.36 inches; GIS Sources, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3119.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 40.85 x 28.36 inches; GIS Sources","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":235,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program - Northern California","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3119.jpg"},{"id":398786,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92496.htm"},{"id":13564,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Trinity County","otherGeospatial":"Hayfork 15' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.25,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -123,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -123.25,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -123.25,\n 40.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64442e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98310,"text":"ofr20101026 - 2010 - National GAP Conference 2007-Discussion Groups Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"ofr20101026","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1026","title":"National GAP Conference 2007-Discussion Groups Report","docAbstract":"We led two discussion groups during the 2007 National GAP Conference. These discussion groups provided information to help develop a survey of National Gap Analysis Program (GAP) data users. One group discussed technical issues, and the second group discussed the use of GAP data for decisionmaking. Themes emerging from the technical issues group included concerns about data quality, need for information on how to use data, and passive data distribution. The decisionmaking discussion included a wide range of topics including the need to understand presentation of information, the need to connect with and understand users of data, the revision of GAP's mission, and the adaptability of products and data. The decisionmaking group also raised concerns regarding technical issues. One conclusion is that a deep commitment to ongoing information transfer and support is a key component of success for the GAP program.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101026","usgsCitation":"Ratz, J., and Lamb, B.L., 2010, National GAP Conference 2007-Discussion Groups Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1026, iii, 8 p., Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101026.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p., Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1026.jpg"},{"id":13563,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratz, Joan M.","contributorId":22739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}