Groundwater provides much of the fresh drinking water to more than 1.5 billion people in the world (Clarke et al., 1996) and in the United States more that 50 percent of citizens rely on groundwater for drinking water (Solley et al., 1998). As aquifer systems are developed for water supply, the hydrologic system is changed. Water pumped from the aquifer system initially can come from some combination of inducing more recharge, water permanently removed from storage, and decreased groundwater discharge. Once a new equilibrium is achieved, all of the pumpage must come from induced recharge and decreased discharge (Alley et al., 1999). Further development of groundwater resources may result in reductions of surface water runoff and base flows. Competing demands for groundwater resources require good management. Adequate data to characterize the aquifers and confining units of the system, like hydrologic boundaries, groundwater levels, streamflow, and groundwater pumping and climatic data for recharge estimation are to be collected in order to quantify the effects of groundwater withdrawals on wetlands, streams, and lakes. Once collected, three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow models can be developed and calibrated and used as a tool for groundwater management. The main hydraulic parameters that comprise a regional or subregional model of an aquifer system are the hydraulic conductivity and storage properties of the aquifers and confining units (hydrogeologic units) that confine the system. Many 3D groundwater flow models used to help assess groundwater/surface-water interactions require calculating ?effective? or composite hydraulic properties of multilayered lithologic units within a hydrogeologic unit. The calculation of composite hydraulic properties stems from the need to characterize groundwater flow using coarse model layering in order to reduce simulation times while still representing the flow through the system accurately. The accuracy of flow models with simplified layering and hydraulic properties will depend on the effectiveness of the methods used to determine composite hydraulic properties from a number of lithologic units.
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elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035060,"text":"70035060 - 2011 - Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:49:18","indexId":"70035060","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"A 24-h field experiment was conducted during July 2008 at a wetland on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake (GSL) to assess the diurnal cycling of methylmercury (MeHg). Dissolved (< 0.45 μm) MeHg showed a strong diurnal variation with consistently decreasing concentrations during daylight periods and increasing concentrations during non-daylight periods. The proportion of MeHg relative to total Hg in the water column consistently decreased with increasing sunlight duration, indicative of photodegradation. During the field experiment, measured MeHg photodegradation rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 ng L− 1 h− 1. Convective overturn of the water column driven by nighttime cooling of the water surface was hypothesized as the likely mechanism to replace the MeHg in the water column lost via photodegradation processes. A hydrodynamic model of the wetland successfully simulated convective overturn of the water column during the field experiment. Study results indicate that daytime monitoring of selected wetlands surrounding GSL may significantly underestimate the MeHg content in the water column. Wetland managers should consider practices that maximize the photodegradation of MeHg during daylight periods.
We conducted electrical geophysical measurements at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site (Bemidji, MN). Borehole and surface self-potential measurements do not show evidence for the existence of a biogeobattery mechanism in response to the redox gradient resulting from biodegradation of oil. The relatively small self potentials recorded are instead consistent with an electrodiffusion mechanism driven by differences in the mobility of charge carriers associated with biodegradation byproducts. Complex resistivity measurements reveal elevated electrical conductivity and interfacial polarization at the water table where oil contamination is present, extending into the unsaturated zone. This finding implies that the effect of microbial cell growth/attachment, biofilm formation, and mineral weathering accompanying hydrocarbon biodegradation on complex interfacial conductivity imparts a sufficiently large electrical signal to be measured using field-scale geophysical techniques.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the first international symposium on bioremediation and sustainable environmental technologies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"First international symposium on bioremediation and sustainable environmental technologies","conferenceDate":"June 27-30, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Memorial Institute","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","isbn":"978-0-9819730-4-3","usgsCitation":"Slater, L., Ntarlagiannis, D., Atekwana, E., Mewafy, F., Revil, A., Skold, M., Gorby, Y., Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane, J.W., Trost, J.J., Werkema, D.D., Delin, G.N., and Herkelrath, W.N., 2011, Assessing field-scale biogeophysical signatures of bioremediation over a mature crude oil spill, in Proceedings of the first international symposium on bioremediation and sustainable environmental technologies, Reno, NV, June 27-30, 2011, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-029602","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350356,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.battelle.org/conference-proceedings/conference-proceedings"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","otherGeospatial":"National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.1170539855957,\n 47.56390159961883\n ],\n [\n -95.08100509643555,\n 47.56390159961883\n ],\n [\n -95.08100509643555,\n 47.58393661978134\n ],\n [\n -95.1170539855957,\n 47.58393661978134\n ],\n [\n -95.1170539855957,\n 47.56390159961883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107fce4b06e28e9c2562a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rectanus, H.V.","contributorId":14189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rectanus","given":"H.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725442,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sirabian, R.","contributorId":6991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sirabian","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725443,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Slater, Lee","contributorId":55707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios","contributorId":150729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ntarlagiannis","given":"Dimitrios","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atekwana, Estella","contributorId":197899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atekwana","given":"Estella","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mewafy, Farag","contributorId":150731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mewafy","given":"Farag","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Revil, Andre","contributorId":117980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revil","given":"Andre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skold, Magnus","contributorId":145461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skold","given":"Magnus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gorby, Yuri","contributorId":149870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorby","given":"Yuri","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Werkema, Dale D.","contributorId":40488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werkema","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Trost, Jared J. 0000-0003-0431-2151 jtrost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-2151","contributorId":3749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Jared","email":"jtrost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70003749,"text":"70003749 - 2011 - Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T14:56:58.941982","indexId":"70003749","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications","docAbstract":"Most of eastern North America receives elevated levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) that result from anthropogenic SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Atmospheric S deposition has acidified sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region; however, deposition has been declining since the 1970s, resulting in some recovery in previously acidified aquatic ecosystems. Accurate watershed S mass balances help to evaluate the extent to which atmospheric S deposition is retained within ecosystems, and whether internal cycling sources and biogeochemical processes may be affecting the rate of recovery from decreasing S atmospheric loads. This study evaluated S mass balances for 15 sites with watersheds in southeastern Canada and northeastern US for the period 1985 to 2002. These 15 sites included nine in Canada (Turkey Lakes, ON; Harp Lake, ON; Plastic Lake, ON; Hermine, QC; Lake Laflamme, QC; Lake Clair, QC; Lake Tirasse, QC; Mersey, NS; Moosepit, NS) and six in the US (Arbutus Lake, NY; Biscuit Brook, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Cone Pond, NH; Bear Brook Watershed, ME). Annual S wet deposition inputs were derived from measured bulk or wet-only deposition and stream export was obtained by combining drainage water fluxes with SO4 2− concentrations. Dry deposition has the greatest uncertainty of any of the mass flux calculations necessary to develop accurate watershed balances, and here we developed a new method to calculate this quantity. We utilized historical information from both the US National Emissions Inventory and the US (CASTNET) and the Canadian (CAPMoN) dry deposition networks to develop a formulation that predicted SO2 concentrations as a function of SO2 emissions, latitude and longitude. The SO2 concentrations were used to predict dry deposition using relationships between concentrations and deposition flux derived from the CASTNET or CAPMoN networks. For the year 2002, we compared the SO2 concentrations and deposition predictions with the predictions of two continental-scale air quality models, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System (AURAMS) that utilize complete inventories of emissions and chemical budgets. The results of this comparison indicated that the predictive relationship provides an accurate representation of SO2 concentrations and S deposition for the region that is generally consistent with these models, and thus provides confidence that our approach could be used to develop accurate watershed S budgets for these 15 sites. Most watersheds showed large net losses of SO4 2− on an annual basis, and the watershed mass balances were grouped into five categories based on the relative value of mean annual net losses or net gains. The net annual fluxes of SO4 2− showed a strong relationship with hydrology; the largest net annual negative fluxes were associated with years of greatest precipitation amount and highest discharge. The important role of catchment hydrology on S budgets suggests implications for future predicted climate change as it affects patterns of precipitation and drought. The sensitivity of S budgets is likely to be greatest in watersheds with the greatest wetland area, which are particularly sensitive to drying and wetting cycles. A small number of the watersheds in this analysis were shown to have substantial S sources from mineral weathering, but most showed evidence of an internal source of SO4 2−, which is likely from the mineralization of organic S stored from decades of increased S deposition. Mobilization of this internal S appears to contribute about 1–6 kg S ha−1 year−1 to stream fluxes at these sites and is affecting the rate and extent of recovery from acidification as S deposition rates have declined in recent years. This internal S source should be considered when developing critical deposition loads that will promote ecosystem recovery from acidification and the depletion of nutrient cations in the northeastern US and southeastern Canada.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M.J., Lovett, G., Bailey, S., Beall, F., Burns, D., Buso, D., Clair, T.A., Courchesne, F., Duchesne, L., Eimers, C., Fernandez, I., Houle, D., Jeffries, D.S., Likens, G.E., Moran, M.D., Rogers, C., Schwede, D., Shanley, J., Weathers, K.C., and Vet, R., 2011, Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications: Biogeochemistry, v. 103, no. 1-3, p. 181-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, New 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Starting in the 1980s, crop coefficients developed through lysimeter studies or set by expert opinion began to be supplemented by remotely sensed vegetation indices (VI) that measured the actual status of the crop on a field-by-field basis. VIs measure the density of green foliage based on the reflectance of visible and near infrared (NIR) light from the canopy, and are highly correlated with plant physiological processes that depend on light absorption by a canopy such as ET and photosynthesis. Reflectance-based crop coefficients have now been developed for numerous individual crops, including corn, wheat, alfalfa, cotton, potato, sugar beet, vegetables, grapes and orchard crops. Other research has shown that VIs can be used to predict ET over fields of mixed crops, allowing them to be used to monitor ET over entire irrigation districts. VI-based crop coefficients can help reduce agricultural water use by matching irrigation rates to the actual water needs of a crop as it grows instead of to a modeled crop growing under optimal conditions. Recently, the concept has been applied to natural ecosystems at the local, regional and continental scales of measurement, using time-series satellite data from the MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite. VIs or other visible-NIR band algorithms are combined with meteorological data to predict ET in numerous biome types, from deserts, to arctic tundra, to tropical rainforests. These methods often closely match ET measured on the ground at the global FluxNet array of eddy covariance moisture and carbon flux towers. The primary advantage of VI methods for estimating ET is that transpiration is closely related to radiation absorbed by the plant canopy, which is closely related to VIs. The primary disadvantage is that they cannot capture stress effects or soil evaporation. 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U.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunsaker, D.J.","contributorId":51549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004004,"text":"70004004 - 2011 - Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T19:44:08.913963","indexId":"70004004","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","docAbstract":"Nightlight surveys are commonly used to evaluate status and trends of crocodilian populations, but imperfect detection caused by survey- and location-specific factors makes it difficult to draw population inferences accurately from uncorrected data. We used a two-stage hierarchical model comprising population abundance and detection probability to examine recent abundance trends of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in subareas of Everglades wetlands in Florida using nightlight survey data. During 2001–2008, there were declining trends in abundance of small and/or medium sized animals in a majority of subareas, whereas abundance of large sized animals had either demonstrated an increased or unclear trend. For small and large sized class animals, estimated detection probability declined as water depth increased. Detection probability of small animals was much lower than for larger size classes. The declining trend of smaller alligators may reflect a natural population response to the fluctuating environment of Everglades wetlands under modified hydrology. It may have negative implications for the future of alligator populations in this region, particularly if habitat conditions do not favor recruitment of offspring in the near term. Our study provides a foundation to improve inferences made from nightlight surveys of other crocodilian populations.
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A system of levees and pumps were installed in the late 1800s and early 1900s to drain the land for agricultural use. Since then, land surface has subsided more than 7 meters below sea level in some areas as organic soils have been lost to aerobic decomposition. As land surface elevations decrease, costs for levee maintenance and repair increase, as do the risks of flooding. Wetland restoration can be a way to mitigate subsidence by re-creating the environment in which the organic soils developed. A preliminary study of the effect of hydrologic regime on carbon cycling conducted on Twitchell Island during the mid-1990s showed that continuous, shallow flooding allowing for the growth of emergent marsh vegetation re-created a wetland environment where carbon preservation occurred. Under these conditions annual plant biomass carbon inputs were high, and microbial decomposition was reduced. Based on this preliminary study, the U.S. Geological Survey re-established permanently flooded wetlands in fall 1997, with shallow water depths of 25 and 55 centimeters, to investigate the potential to reverse subsidence of delta islands by preserving and accumulating organic substrates over time. Ten years after flooding, elevation gains from organic matter accumulation in areas of emergent marsh vegetation ranged from almost 30 to 60 centimeters, with average annual carbon storage rates approximating 1 kg/m2, while areas without emergent vegetation cover showed no significant change in elevation. Differences in accretion rates within areas of emergent marsh vegetation appeared to result from temporal and spatial variability in hydrologic factors and decomposition rates in the wetlands rather than variability in primary production. Decomposition rates were related to differences in hydrologic conditions, including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and availability of alternate electron acceptors. The study showed that marsh re-establishment with permanent, low energy, shallow flooding can limit oxidation of organic soils, thus, effectively turning subsiding land from atmospheric carbon sources to carbon sinks, and at the same time reducing flood vulnerability.
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An important question facing the state—in terms of protecting the public and formulating water management responses to climate change—is “how might future climate changes affect flood characteristics in California?” To help address this, we simulate floods on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the state’s primary catchment, based on downscaled daily precipitation and temperature projections from three General Circulation Models (GCMs). These climate projections are fed into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model, and the VIC-simulated streamflows and hydrologic conditions, from historical and from projected climate change runs, allow us to evaluate possible changes in annual maximum 3-day flood magnitudes and frequencies of floods. By the end of the 21st Century, all projections yield larger-than-historical floods, for both the Northern Sierra Nevada (NSN) and for the Southern Sierra Nevada (SSN). The increases in flood magnitude are statistically significant (at p <= 0.01) for all the three GCMs in the period 2051–2099. The frequency of flood events above selected historical thresholds also increases under projections from CNRM CM3 and NCAR PCM1 climate models, while under the third scenario, GFDL CM2.1, frequencies remain constant or decline slightly, owing to an overall drying trend. These increases appear to derive jointly from increases in heavy precipitation amount, storm frequencies, and days with more precipitation falling as rain and less as snow. Increases in antecedent winter soil moisture also play a role in some areas. Thus, a complex, as-yet unpredictable interplay of several different climatic influences threatens to cause increased flood hazards in California’s complex western Sierra landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Das, T., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and Hidalgo, H., 2011, Potential increase in floods in California's Sierra Nevada under future climate projections: Climatic Change, v. 109, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 71-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487253,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-011-0298-z","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215230,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0298-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -122.82714843749999,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f43e4b0c8380cd7aa11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033872,"text":"70033872 - 2011 - The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T12:03:40.324623","indexId":"70033872","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka","docAbstract":"A sediment core taken from the western edge of the Bonneville Basin has provided high-resolution proxy records of relative lake-size change for the period 45.1–10.5 calendar ka (hereafter ka). Age control was provided by a paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV)-based age model for Blue Lake core BL04-4. Continuous records of δ18O and total inorganic carbon (TIC) generally match an earlier lake-level envelope based on outcrops and geomorphic features, but with differences in the timing of some hydrologic events/states. The Stansbury Oscillation was found to consist of two oscillations centered on 25 and 24 ka. Lake Bonneville appears to have reached its geomorphic highstand and began spilling at 18.5 ka. The fall from the highstand to the Provo level occurred at 17.0 ka and the lake intermittently overflowed at the Provo level until 15.2 ka, at which time the lake fell again, bottoming out at ∼14.7 ka. The lake also fell briefly below the Provo level at ∼15.9 ka. Carbonate and δ18O data indicate that between 14.7 and 13.1 ka the lake slowly rose to the Gilbert shoreline and remained at about that elevation until 11.6 ka, when it fell again. Chemical and sedimentological data indicate that a marsh formed in the Blue Lake area at 10.5 ka.
Relatively dry periods in the BL04-4 records are associated with Heinrich events H1–H4, suggesting that either the warming that closely followed a Heinrich event increased the evaporation rate in the Bonneville Basin and (or) that the core of the polar jet stream (PJS) shifted north of the Bonneville Basin in response to massive losses of ice from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during the Heinrich event. The second Stansbury Oscillation occurred during Heinrich event H2, and the Gilbert wet event occurred during the Younger Dryas cold interval. Several relatively wet events in BL04-4 occur during Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) warm events.
The growth of the Bear River glacier between 32 and 17 ka paralleled changes in the values of proxy indicators of Bonneville Basin wetness and terminal moraines on the western side of the Wasatch Mountains have ages ranging from 16.9 to 15.2 ka. This suggests a near synchroneity of change in the hydrologic and cryologic balances occurring in the Bonneville drainage system and that glacial extent was linked to lake size.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.014","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Lund, S., Smoot, J.P., Rhode, D., Spencer, R.J., Verosub, K., Louderback, L., Johnson, C.A., Rye, R.O., and Negrini, R., 2011, The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka: Quaternary International, v. 235, no. 1-2, p. 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","issue":"1-2","tableOfContents":"Generally, growth rates of living organisms are considered to be at steady state, varying only under environmental forcing factors. For example, these rates may be described as a function of light for plants or organic food resources for animals and these could be regulated (or not) by temperature or other conditions. But, what are the consequences for an individual's growth (and also for the population growth) if growth rate variations are themselves dynamic and not steady state? For organisms presenting phases of dormancy or long periods of stress, this is a crucial question. A dynamic perspective for quantifying short-term growth was explored using the daily growth record of the scallop Pecten maximus (L.). This species is a good biological model for ectotherm growth because the shell records growth striae daily. Independently, a generic mathematical function representing the dynamics of mean daily growth rate (MDGR) was implemented to simulate a diverse set of growth patterns. Once the function was calibrated with the striae patterns, the growth rate dynamics appeared as a forced damped oscillation during the growth period having a basic periodicity during two transitory phases (mean duration 43. days) and appearing at both growth start and growth end. This phase is most likely due to the internal dynamics of energy transfer within the organism rather than to external forcing factors. After growth restart, the transitory regime represents successive phases of over-growth and regulation. This pattern corresponds to a typical representation of compensatory growth, which from an evolutionary perspective can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy to coping with a fluctuating environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2011.02.001","issn":"13851101","usgsCitation":"Guarini, J.-., Chauvaud, L., Cloern, J.E., Clavier, J., Coston-Guarini, J., and Patry, Y., 2011, Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an intermittent non steady state compensatory process: Journal of Sea Research, v. 65, no. 3, p. 355-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2011.02.001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"361","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88f0e4b08c986b316c51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guarini, J. -M.","contributorId":64829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guarini","given":"J.","middleInitial":"-M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chauvaud, Laurent","contributorId":72982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauvaud","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clavier, J.","contributorId":38789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clavier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coston-Guarini, J.","contributorId":67307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston-Guarini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Patry, Y.","contributorId":59641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patry","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036960,"text":"70036960 - 2011 - Using Cl/Br ratios and other indicators to assess potential impacts on groundwater quality from septic systems: A review and examples from principal aquifers in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T13:08:03.731019","indexId":"70036960","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using Cl/Br ratios and other indicators to assess potential impacts on groundwater quality from septic systems: A review and examples from principal aquifers in the United States","docAbstract":"A detailed review was made of chemical indicators used to identify impacts from septic tanks on groundwater quality. Potential impacts from septic tank leachate on groundwater quality were assessed using the mass ratio of chloride–bromide (Cl/Br), concentrations of selected chemical constituents, and ancillary information (land use, census data, well depth, soil characteristics) for wells in principal aquifers of the United States. Chemical data were evaluated from 1848 domestic wells in 19 aquifers, 121 public-supply wells in 6 aquifers, and associated monitoring wells in four aquifers and their overlying hydrogeologic units. Based on previously reported Cl/Br ratios, statistical comparisons between targeted wells (where Cl/Br ratios range from 400 to 1100 and Cl concentrations range from 20 to 100 mg/L) and non-targeted wells indicated that shallow targeted monitoring and domestic wells (<20 m depth below land surface) had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher median percentage of houses with septic tanks (1990 census data) than non-targeted wells. Higher (p = 0.08) median nitrate–N concentration (3.1 mg/L) in oxic (dissolved oxygen concentrations >0.5 mg/L) shallow groundwater from target domestic wells, relative to non-target wells (1.5 mg/L), corresponded to significantly higher potassium, boron, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, and sulfate concentrations, which may also indicate the influence of septic-tank effluent. Impacts on groundwater quality from septic systems were most evident for the Eastern Glacial Deposits aquifer and the Northern High Plains aquifer that were associated with the number of housing units using septic tanks, high permeability of overlying sediments, mostly oxic conditions, and shallow wells. Overall, little or no influence from septic systems were found for water samples from the deeper public-supply wells.
The Cl/Br ratio is a useful first-level screening tool for assessing possible septic tank influence in water from shallow wells (<20 m) with the range of 400–1100. The use of this ratio would be enhanced with information on other chloride sources, temporal variability of chloride and bromide concentrations in shallow groundwater, knowledge of septic-system age and maintenance, and the use of multiple tracers (combination of additional chemical and microbiological indicators).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.017","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Eberts, S.M., and Kauffman, L.J., 2011, Using Cl/Br ratios and other indicators to assess potential impacts on groundwater quality from septic systems: A review and examples from principal aquifers in the United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 397, no. 3-4, p. 151-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.017.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -65.390625,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -65.390625,\n 51.39920565355378\n ],\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 51.39920565355378\n ],\n [\n -128.32031249999997,\n 25.48295117535531\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"397","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc00de4b08c986b329ed0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176896,"text":"70176896 - 2011 - Source identification of Florida Bay's methylmercury problem: Mainland runoff versus atmospheric deposition and in situ production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:03:41","indexId":"70176896","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-22T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source identification of Florida Bay's methylmercury problem: Mainland runoff versus atmospheric deposition and in situ production","docAbstract":"The first advisory to limit consumption of Florida Bay fish due to mercury was issued in 1995. Studies done by others in the late 1990s found elevated water column concentrations of both total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in creeks discharging from the Everglades, which had its own recognized mercury problem. To investigate the significance of allochthonous MeHg discharging from the upstream freshwater Everglades, we collected surface water and sediment along two transects from 2000 to 2002. Concentrations of THg and MeHg, ranging from 0.36 ng THg/L to 5.98 ng THg/L and from <0.02 ng MeHg/L to 1.79 ng MeHg/L, were elevated in the mangrove transition zone when compared both to upstream canals and the open waters of Florida Bay. Sediment concentrations ranged from 5.8 ng THg/g to 145.6 ng THg/g and from 0.05 ng MeHg/g to 5.4 ng MeHg/g, with MeHg as a percentage of THg occasionally elevated in the open bay. Methylation assays indicated that sediments from Florida Bay have the potential to methylate Hg. Assessment of mass loading suggests that canals delivering stormwater from the northern Everglades are not as large a source as direct atmospheric deposition and in situ methylation, especially within the mangrove transition zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","doi":"10.1007/s12237-010-9290-5","usgsCitation":"Rumbold, D.G., Evans, D.W., Niemczyk, S., Fink, L.E., Laine, K.A., Howard, N., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Zucker, M., 2011, Source identification of Florida Bay's methylmercury problem: Mainland runoff versus atmospheric deposition and in situ production: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 34, no. 3, p. 494-513, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9290-5.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"513","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021473","costCenters":[{"id":381,"text":"Mercury Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81,\n 24.9\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 25.6\n ],\n [\n -80.1,\n 25.6\n ],\n [\n -80.1,\n 24.9\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 24.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8150e4b0824b2d1480ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumbold, Darren G.","contributorId":140777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rumbold","given":"Darren","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, David W.","contributorId":175266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niemczyk, Sharon","contributorId":175269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemczyk","given":"Sharon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fink, Larry E.","contributorId":175268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fink","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laine, Krysten A.","contributorId":175267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laine","given":"Krysten","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Howard, Nicole","contributorId":140036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zucker, Mark mzucker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zucker","given":"Mark","email":"mzucker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":650642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70193012,"text":"70193012 - 2011 - Effect of land cover change on runoff curve number estimation in Iowa, 1832-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T14:08:36","indexId":"70193012","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of land cover change on runoff curve number estimation in Iowa, 1832-2001","docAbstract":"Within the first few decades of European-descended settlers arriving in Iowa, much of the land cover across the state was transformed from prairie and forest to farmland, patches of forest, and urbanized areas. Land cover change over the subsequent 126 years was minor in comparison. Between 1832 and 1859, the General Land Office conducted a survey of the State of Iowa to aid in the disbursement of land. In 1875, an illustrated atlas of the State of Iowa was published, and in 2001, the US Geological Survey National Land Cover Dataset was compiled. Using these three data resources for classifying land cover, the hydrologic impact of the land cover change at three points in time over a period of 132+ years is presented in terms of the effect on the area-weighted average curve number, a term commonly used to predict peak runoff from rainstorms. In the four watersheds studied, the area-weighted average curve number associated with the first 30 years of settlement increased from 61·4 to 77·8. State-wide mapped forest area over this same period decreased 19%. Over the next 126 years, the area-weighted average curve number decreased to 76·7, despite an additional forest area reduction of 60%. This suggests that degradation of aquatic resources (plants, fish, invertebrates, and habitat) arising from hydrologic alteration was likely to have been much higher during the 30 years of initial settlement than in the subsequent period of 126 years in which land cover changes resulted primarily from deforestation and urbanization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.162","usgsCitation":"Wehmeyer, L.L., Weirich, F.H., and Cuffney, T.F., 2011, Effect of land cover change on runoff curve number estimation in Iowa, 1832-2001: Ecohydrology, v. 4, no. 2, p. 315-321, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.162.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"321","ipdsId":"IP-017288","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5185","displayTitle":"Estimation of Selected Seasonal Streamflow Statistics Representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia","title":"Estimation of selected seasonal streamflow statistics representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia","docAbstract":"Regional equations and procedures were developed for estimating seasonal 1-day 10-year, 7-day 10-year, and 30-day 5-year hydrologically based low-flow frequency values for unregulated streams in West Virginia. Regional equations and procedures also were developed for estimating the seasonal U.S. Environmental Protection Agency harmonic-mean flows and the 50-percent flow-duration values. The seasons were defined as winter (January 1-March 31), spring (April 1-June 30), summer (July 1-September 30), and fall (October 1-December 31).\r\n\r\nRegional equations were developed using ordinary least squares regression using statistics from 117 U.S. Geological Survey continuous streamgage stations as dependent variables and basin characteristics as independent variables. Equations for three regions in West Virginia-North, South-Central, and Eastern Panhandle Regions-were determined. Drainage area, average annual precipitation, and longitude of the basin centroid are significant independent variables in one or more of the equations. The average standard error of estimates for the equations ranged from 12.6 to 299 percent.\r\n\r\nProcedures developed to estimate the selected seasonal streamflow statistics in this study are applicable only to rural, unregulated streams within the boundaries of West Virginia that have independent variables within the limits of the stations used to develop the regional equations: drainage area from 16.3 to 1,516 square miles in the North Region, from 2.78 to 1,619 square miles in the South-Central Region, and from 8.83 to 3,041 square miles in the Eastern Panhandle Region; average annual precipitation from 42.3 to 61.4 inches in the South-Central Region and from 39.8 to 52.9 inches in the Eastern Panhandle Region; and longitude of the basin centroid from 79.618 to 82.023 decimal degrees in the North Region. All estimates of seasonal streamflow statistics are representative of the period from the 1930 to the 2002 climatic year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with\r\nthe West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, \r\nDivision of Water and Waste Management","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.B., and Atkins, J.T., Jr., 2010, Estimation of selected seasonal streamflow statistics representative of 1930–2002 in West Virginia (ver. 1.1, July 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5185, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105185.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1930-10-01","temporalEnd":"2002-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386953,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5185/versionHist.txt","size":"2.14 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":386949,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5185/sir20105185.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2010-5185"},{"id":126109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5185/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":14344,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5185/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,37 ], [ -83,41 ], [ -77,41 ], [ -77,37 ], [ -83,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: July 2021; Version 1.0: December 2010","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 E. Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
The annual minimum 7-day average streamflow with a 10-year recurrence interval, often referred to as the 7Q10, has a long history of being an important low-flow statistic used in water-quality management in South Carolina as evidenced by its adoption into South Carolina law in 1967. State agencies, such as the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, use such lowflow statistics to determine Wasteload Allocations for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System discharges, develop Total Maximum Daily Loads for streams, prepare the State Water Plan, and restrict the quantity of water that can be transferred out of basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, working cooperatively with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, is updating low-flow statistics at continuous-record streamflow gages in South Carolina on a basin-by-basin approach. Such statistics are influenced by length of record and hydrologic conditions under which the record was collected. Statewide low-flow statistics in South Carolina were last updated in 1987. Since that time several droughts have occurred with the most severe occurring from 1998-2002 and the most recent occurring from 2006-2009. The low-flow statistics for the Pee Dee River basin were the first to be completed in this ongoing investigation.
","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 13-14, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., and Cantrell, W.M., 2010, The 7Q10 in South Carolina water-quality regulation: Nearly fifty years later, Proceedings of the 2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, SC, October 13-14, 2010, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022536","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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The generation of EDEN waterlevel surfaces is derived from real-time data. Real-time data are automatically checked for outliers using minimum, maximum, and rate-of-change thresholds for each station. Smaller errors in the real-time data, such as gradual drift of malfunctioning pressure transducers, are more difficult to immediately identify with visual inspection of time-series plots and may only be identified during on-site inspections of the gages. Correcting smaller errors in the data often is time consuming and water-level data may not be finalized for several months. To provide water-level surfaces on a daily basis, EDEN needed an automated process to identify errors in water-level data and to provide estimates for missing or erroneous waterlevel data.
\nA technology often used for industrial applications is “inferential sensor.” Rather than installing a redundant sensor to measure a process, such as an additional waterlevel gage, an inferential sensor, or virtual sensor, is developed that estimates the processes measured by the physical sensor. The advantage of an inferential sensor is that it provides a redundant signal to the sensor in the field but without exposure to environmental threats. In the event that a gage does malfunction, the inferential sensor provides an estimate for the period of missing data. The inferential sensor also can be used in the quality assurance and quality control of the data. Inferential sensors for gages in the EDEN network are currently (2010) under development. The inferential sensors will be automated so that the real-time EDEN data will continuously be compared to the inferential sensor signal and digital reports of the status of the real-time data will be sent periodically to the appropriate support personnel. The development and application of inferential sensors is easily transferable to other real-time hydrologic monitoring networks.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., and Gartner, J.W., 2010, Overview of selected surrogate technologies for high-temporal resolution suspended-sediment monitoring, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292340,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"},{"id":292339,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/Contents/3C_Gray_surrogates_3_3_2010_paper.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ed6e4b0bfa1f993efe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120717,"text":"70120717 - 2010 - Fluvial sediment in the environment: a national challenge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T12:49:07","indexId":"70120717","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fluvial sediment in the environment: a national challenge","docAbstract":"Sediment and sediment-associated constituents can contribute substantially to water-quality impairment. In the past, sediment was viewed mainly as an engineering problem that affected reservoir storage capacity, shipping channel maintenance, and bridge scour, as well as the loss of agricultural soil. Sediment is now recognized as a major cause of aquatic system degradation in many rivers and streams as a result of light attenuation, loss of spawning substrate due to fine-grained sediment infilling, reduction in primary productivity, decreases in biotic diversity, and effects from sediment-associated chemical constituents. Recent advances in sediment measurement, assessment, source-identification, and analytical protocols provide new capabilities to quantify sediment and solid-phase chemical fluxes in aquatic systems. Developing, maintaining, and augmenting current sediment- and water-quality-monitoring networks is essential for determining the health of U.S. waterways and for evaluating the effectiveness of management actions in reducing sediment-related problems. The application of new scientific capabilities that address the adverse effects of sediment and sediment- associated constituents represents a major step in managing the Nation’s water quality. A robust Federal, national-scale eff rt, in collaboration with vested stakeholders, is needed to address these sediment-related water-quality issues across the United States.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"ACWI","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., Gellis, A., Glysson, G.D., Gray, J.R., and Horowitz, A.J., 2010, Fluvial sediment in the environment: a national challenge, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues, Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-020143","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292333,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/Contents/OS_Larsen_9fisc_sediment_vision_3_4_2010.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ecfe4b0bfa1f993ef58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":1709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen C.","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70120715,"text":"70120715 - 2010 - Development of a national, dynamic reservoir-sedimentation database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T09:11:49","indexId":"70120715","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T15:21:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a national, dynamic reservoir-sedimentation database","docAbstract":"The importance of dependable, long-term water supplies, coupled with the need to quantify rates of capacity loss of the Nation’s re servoirs due to sediment deposition, were the most compelling reasons for developing the REServoir- SEDimentation survey information (RESSED) database and website. Created under the auspices of the Advisory Committee on Water Information’s Subcommittee on Sedimenta ion by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the RESSED database is the most comprehensive compilation of data from reservoir bathymetric and dry-basin surveys in the United States. As of March 2010, the database, which contains data compiled on the 1950s vintage Soil Conservation Service’s Form SCS-34 data sheets, contained results from 6,616 surveys on 1,823 reservoirs in the United States and two surveys on one reservoir in Puerto Rico. The data span the period 1755–1997, with 95 percent of the surveys performed from 1930–1990. The reservoir surface areas range from sub-hectare-scale farm ponds to 658 km2 Lake Powell. The data in the RESSED database can be useful for a number of purposes, including calculating changes in reservoir-storage characteristics, quantifying sediment budgets, and estimating erosion rates in a reservoir’s watershed.
The March 2010 version of the RESSED database has a number of deficiencies, including a cryptic and out-of-date database architecture; some geospatial inaccuracies (although most have been corrected); other data errors; an inability to store all data in a readily retrievable manner; and an inability to store all data types that currently exist. Perhaps most importantly, the March 2010 version of RESSED database provides no publicly available means to submit new data and corrections to existing data. To address these and other deficiencies, the Subcommittee on Sedimentation, through the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, began a collaborative project in November 2009 to modernize the RESSED database architecture; provide public online input capability; and produce online reports. The ultimate goal of the Subcommittee on Sedimentation is to build a comprehensive, quality-assured database describing capacity changes over time for the largest suite of the Nation’s reservoirs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., Bernard, J., Stewart, D.W., McFaul, E., Laurent, K., Schwarz, G., Stinson, J., Jonas, M., Randle, T., and Webb, J., 2010, Development of a national, dynamic reservoir-sedimentation database, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 27-July 1, 2010, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292327,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"},{"id":294561,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/Contents/7C_Gray_ressed_3_4_2010_paper.pdf"}],"country":"United States;Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec6e4b0bfa1f993ef07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. 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E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stinson, J.T.","contributorId":22700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jonas, M.M.","contributorId":42143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonas","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Randle, T. J.","contributorId":59074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randle","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Webb, J.W.","contributorId":40134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70120689,"text":"70120689 - 2010 - Computing time-series suspended-sediment concentrations and loads from in-stream turbidity-sensor and streamflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T14:14:44","indexId":"70120689","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T14:07:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Computing time-series suspended-sediment concentrations and loads from in-stream turbidity-sensor and streamflow data","docAbstract":"Over the last decade, use of a method for computing suspended-sediment concentration and loads using turbidity sensors—primarily nephelometry, but also optical backscatter—has proliferated. Because an in- itu turbidity sensor is capa le of measuring turbidity instantaneously, a turbidity time series can be recorded and related directly to time-varying suspended-sediment concentrations. Depending on the suspended-sediment characteristics of the measurement site, this method can be more reliable and, in many cases, a more accurate means for computing suspended-sediment concentrations and loads than traditional U.S. Geological Survey computational methods.
Guidelines and procedures for estimating time s ries of suspended-sediment concentration and loading as a function of turbidity and streamflow data have been published in a U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods Report, Book 3, Chapter C4. This paper is a summary of these guidelines and discusses some of the concepts, s atistical procedures, and techniques used to maintain a multiyear suspended sediment time series.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P.P., Gray, J.R., Glysson, G.D., and Ziegler, A., 2010, Computing time-series suspended-sediment concentrations and loads from in-stream turbidity-sensor and streamflow data, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292315,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"},{"id":292316,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/Contents/8B_Rasmussen_03_01_10_paper.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1ec4e4b0bfa1f993eef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Patrick P. 0000-0002-3287-6010 pras@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-6010","contributorId":3530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Patrick","email":"pras@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glysson, G. Doug","contributorId":10340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Doug","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043154,"text":"70043154 - 2010 - HIMALA: climate impacts on glaciers, snow, and hydrology in the Himalayan region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T16:06:01.267169","indexId":"70043154","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2790,"text":"Mountain Research and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"HIMALA: climate impacts on glaciers, snow, and hydrology in the Himalayan region","docAbstract":"Glaciers are the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth, supporting one third of the world's population. The Himalaya possess one of the largest resources of snow and ice, which act as a freshwater reservoir for more than 1.3 billion people. This article describes a new project called HIMALA, which focuses on utilizing satellite-based products for better understanding of hydrological processes of the river basins of the region. With support from the US Agency for International Development (USAID), the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), together with its partners and member countries, has been working on the application of satellite-based rainfall estimates for flood prediction. The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) partners are working with ICIMOD to incorporate snowmelt and glacier melt into a widely used hydrological model. Thus, through improved modeling of the contribution of snow and ice meltwater to river flow in the region, the HIMALA project will improve the ability of ICIMOD and its partners to understand the impact of weather and climate on floods, droughts, and other water- and climate-induced natural hazards in the Himalayan region in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.","language":"English","publisher":"International Mountain Society","publisherLocation":"Bern, Switzerland","doi":"10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00071.1","usgsCitation":"Brown, M.E., Ouyang, H., Habib, S., Shrestha, B., Shrestha, M., Panday, P., Tzortziou, M., Policelli, F., Artan, G.A., Giriraj, A., Bajracharya, S.R., and Racoviteanu, A., 2010, HIMALA: climate impacts on glaciers, snow, and hydrology in the Himalayan region: Mountain Research and Development, v. 30, no. 4, p. 401-404, https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00071.1.","productDescription":"4 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}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5187716be4b078fc9c244b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Molly Elizabeth","contributorId":50066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ouyang, Hua","contributorId":42505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouyang","given":"Hua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Habib, Shahid","contributorId":103952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Habib","given":"Shahid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shrestha, Basanta","contributorId":69036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Basanta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shrestha, Mandira","contributorId":87051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Mandira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Panday, Prajjwal","contributorId":60520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panday","given":"Prajjwal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tzortziou, Maria","contributorId":55309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tzortziou","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Policelli, Frederick","contributorId":69440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Policelli","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Giriraj, Amarnath","contributorId":75414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giriraj","given":"Amarnath","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bajracharya, Sagar 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We focus on the young fraction of water using the transient tracers CFC‐11, CFC‐12, CFC‐113, SF6, 3H, and bomb 14C. We measured 3He, but 3H/3He dating is generally problematic due to the presence of mantle 3He. Because of their unique concentration histories in the atmosphere, combinations of transient tracers are sensitive not only to subsurface travel times but also to mixing between waters having different travel times. Samples fall into three distinct categories: (1) young waters that plot along a piston flow line, (2) old samples that have near‐zero concentrations of the transient tracers, and (3) mixtures of 1 and 2. We have modeled the concentrations of the transient tracers using (1) a binary mixing model (BMM) of old and young water with the young fraction transported via piston flow, (2) an exponential mixing model (EMM) with a distribution of groundwater travel times characterized by a mean value, and (3) an exponential mixing model for the young fraction followed by binary mixing with an old fraction (EMM/BMM). In spite of the mathematical differences in the mixing models, they all lead to a similar conceptual model of young (0 to 10 year) groundwater that is locally derived mixing with old (>1000 years) groundwater that is recharged beyond the surface water boundary of the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008341","usgsCitation":"Solomon, D., Genereux, D., Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 2010, Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 4, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008341.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-013232","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.96578,8.22503],[-83.50844,8.44693],[-83.71147,8.65684],[-83.59631,8.83044],[-83.63264,9.05139],[-83.90989,9.2908],[-84.3034,9.48735],[-84.64764,9.61554],[-84.71335,9.90805],[-84.97566,10.08672],[-84.91137,9.79599],[-85.11092,9.55704],[-85.33949,9.83454],[-85.66079,9.93335],[-85.79744,10.13489],[-85.79171,10.43934],[-85.65931,10.75433],[-85.94173,10.89528],[-85.71254,11.08844],[-85.56185,11.21712],[-84.903,10.9523],[-84.67307,11.08266],[-84.35593,10.99923],[-84.19018,10.79345],[-83.89505,10.72684],[-83.65561,10.93876],[-83.40232,10.39544],[-83.01568,9.99298],[-82.5462,9.56613],[-82.93289,9.47681],[-82.92715,9.07433],[-82.71918,8.92571],[-82.86866,8.80727],[-82.82977,8.6263],[-82.91318,8.42352],[-82.96578,8.22503]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Costa Rica\"}}]}","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653873e4b077fa94dae022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solomon, D. Kip","contributorId":71441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"D. Kip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Genereux, David P.","contributorId":43649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genereux","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044408,"text":"70044408 - 2010 - Chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn in stormwater, roadway dust and stormwater pond sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:44:19","indexId":"70044408","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn in stormwater, roadway dust and stormwater pond sediments","docAbstract":"This study evaluated the chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn from source to deposition in a stormwater system. Cu and Zn concentrations and chemical fractionation were determined for roadway dust, roadway runoff and pond sediments. Stormwater Cu and Zn concentrations were used to generate cumulative frequency distributions to characterize potential exposure to pond-dwelling organisms. Dissolved stormwater Zn exceeded USEPA acute and chronic water quality criteria in approximately 20% of storm samples and 20% of the storm duration sampled. Dissolved Cu exceeded the previously published chronic criterion in 75% of storm samples and duration and exceeded the acute criterion in 45% of samples and duration. The majority of sediment Cu (92–98%) occurred in the most recalcitrant phase, suggesting low bioavailability; Zn was substantially more available (39–62% recalcitrant). Most sediment concentrations for Cu and Zn exceeded published threshold effect concentrations and Zn often exceeded probable effect concentrations in surface sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.02.024","usgsCitation":"Camponelli, K.M., Lev, S.M., Snodgrass, J.W., Landa, E.R., and Casey, R.E., 2010, Chemical fractionation of Cu and Zn in stormwater, roadway dust and stormwater pond sediments: Environmental Pollution, v. 158, no. 6, p. 2143-2149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.02.024.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2143","endPage":"2149","ipdsId":"IP-016905","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5173b8e4e4b0e619a5806ed2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camponelli, Kimberly M.","contributorId":18649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camponelli","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lev, Steven M.","contributorId":28880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lev","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snodgrass, Joel W.","contributorId":61318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snodgrass","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casey, Ryan E.","contributorId":85485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044309,"text":"70044309 - 2010 - Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T15:50:12","indexId":"70044309","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland","docAbstract":"A series of tracer experiments were conducted biannually at the start and end of the vegetation growing season in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland located near Phoenix, AZ. Tracer experiments were conducted prior to and following reconfiguration and replanting of a 1.2 ha treatment wetland from its original design of alternating shallow and deep zones to incorporate hummocks (shallow planting beds situated perpendicular to flow). Tracer test data were analyzed using analysis of moments and the one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage numerical model to evaluate the effects of the seasonal vegetation growth cycle and hummocks on solute transport. Following reconfiguration, vegetation coverage was relatively small, and minor changes in spatial distribution influenced wetland hydraulics. During start‐up conditions, the wetland underwent an acclimation period characterized by small vegetation coverage and large transport cross‐sectional areas. At the start of the growing season, new growth of emergent vegetation enhanced hydraulic performance. At the end of the growing season, senescing vegetation created short‐circuiting. Wetland hydrodynamics were associated with high volumetric efficiencies and velocity heterogeneities. The hummock design resulted in breakthrough curves characterized by multiple secondary tracer peaks indicative of varied flow paths created by bottom topography.
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