Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) was measured on a salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) dominated river terrace on the Lower Colorado River from 2007 to 2009 using tissue-heat-balance sap flux sensors at six sites representing very dense, medium dense, and sparse stands of plants. Salt cedar ET varied markedly across sites, and sap flux sensors showed that plants were subject to various degrees of stress, detected as mid-day depression of transpiration and stomatal conductance. Sap flux results were scaled from the leaf level of measurement to the stand level by measuring plant-specific leaf area index and fractional ground cover at each site. Results were compared to Bowen ratio moisture tower data available for three of the sites. Sap flux sensors and flux tower results ranked the sites the same and had similar estimates of ET. A regression equation, relating measured ET of salt cedar and other riparian plants and crops on the Lower Colorado River to the Enhanced Vegetation Index from the MODIS sensor on the Terra satellite and reference crop ET measured at meteorological stations, was able to predict actual ET with an accuracy or uncertainty of about 20%, despite between-site differences for salt cedar. Peak summer salt cedar ET averaged about 6 mm d-1 across sites and methods of measurement.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing and hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Commission on Remote Sensing of IAHS","conferenceDate":"September 27-30 2010","conferenceLocation":"Jacksonhole, Wyoming","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS Press","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Glenn, E.P., and Morino, K., 2010, Comparison of sap flux, moisture flux tower and MODIS enhanced vegetation index methods for estimating riparian evapotranspiration, in Remote sensing and hydrology, v. 352, Jacksonhole, Wyoming, September 27-30 2010, p. 410-413.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"413","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024491","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iahs.info/Publications-News.do"}],"volume":"352","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91afe4b0518e354dd13a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Neale, Christopher M.U","contributorId":146997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neale","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.U","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569820,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cosh, Michael H.","contributorId":146998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cosh","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569821,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003603,"text":"70003603 - 2010 - Temperature inverted haloclines provide winter warm-water refugia for manatees in southwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T13:42:38.483245","indexId":"70003603","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature inverted haloclines provide winter warm-water refugia for manatees in southwest Florida","docAbstract":"Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) overwintering in the Ten Thousand Islands and western Everglades have no access to power plants or major artesian springs that provide warm-water refugia in other parts of Florida. Instead, hundreds of manatees aggregate at artificial canals, basins, and natural deep water sites that act as passive thermal refugia (PTR). Monitoring at two canal sites revealed temperature inverted haloclines, which provided warm salty bottom layers that generally remained above temperatures considered adverse for manatees. At the largest PTR, the warmer bottom layer disappeared unless significant salt stratification was maintained by upstream freshwater inflow over a persistent tidal wedge. A detailed three-dimensional hydrology model showed that salinity stratification inhibited vertical convection induced by atmospheric cooling. Management or creation of temperature inverted haloclines may be a feasible and desirable option for resource managers to provide passive thermal refugia for manatees and other temperature sensitive aquatic species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-010-9286-1","usgsCitation":"Stith, B., Reid, J.P., Langtimm, C.A., Swain, E.D., Doyle, T.J., Slone, D., Decker, J.D., and Soderqvist, L.E., 2010, Temperature inverted haloclines provide winter warm-water refugia for manatees in southwest Florida: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 34, no. 1, p. 106-119, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9286-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9286-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Ten Thousand Islands;Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 25.898761936567023\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 25.898761936567023\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 26.254009699865737\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 26.254009699865737\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 25.898761936567023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4c8e4b08c986b3205a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stith, Bradley bstith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"Bradley","email":"bstith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, James P. 0000-0002-8497-1132 jreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":3460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"James","email":"jreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doyle, Terry J.","contributorId":85706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Slone, Daniel H. 0000-0002-9903-9727 dslone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-9727","contributorId":1749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slone","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dslone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy D. 0000-0002-0700-515X jdecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-515X","contributorId":514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","email":"jdecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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The goal of some coal bed producers is to extend coal bed methane productivity and to utilize hydrocarbon wastes such as coal slurry to generate new methane. However, the process and factors controlling the process, and thus ways to stimulate it, are poorly understood. Subbituminous coal from a nonproductive well in south Texas was stimulated to produce methane in microcosms when the native population was supplemented with nutrients (biostimulation) or when nutrients and a consortium of bacteria and methanogens enriched from wetland sediment were added (bioaugmentation). The native population enriched by nutrient addition included Pseudomonas spp., Veillonellaceae, and Methanosarcina barkeri. The bioaugmented microcosm generated methane more rapidly and to a higher concentration than the biostimulated microcosm. Dissolved organics, including long-chain fatty acids, single-ring aromatics, and long-chain alkanes accumulated in the first 39 days of the bioaugmented microcosm and were then degraded, accompanied by generation of methane. The bioaugmented microcosm was dominated by Geobacter sp., and most of the methane generation was associated with growth of Methanosaeta concilii. The ability of the bioaugmentation culture to produce methane from coal intermediates was confirmed in incubations of culture with representative organic compounds. This study indicates that methane production could be stimulated at the nonproductive field site and that low microbial biomass may be limiting in situ methane generation. In addition, the microcosm study suggests that the pathway for generating methane from coal involves complex microbial partnerships.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00728-10","usgsCitation":"Jones, E., Voytek, M.A., Corum, M., and Orem, W.H., 2010, Stimulation of methane generation from nonproductive coal by addition of nutrients or a microbial consortium: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 76, no. 21, p. 7013-7022, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00728-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7013","endPage":"7022","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2976240","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"76","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9842e4b08c986b31bf2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Elizabeth","contributorId":102998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corum, M.D. 0000-0002-9038-3935 mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007122,"text":"70007122 - 2010 - A role for analytical chemistry in advancing our understanding of the occurrence, fate, and effects of Corexit Oil Dispersants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T15:15:31.942135","indexId":"70007122","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T20:41:10","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A role for analytical chemistry in advancing our understanding of the occurrence, fate, and effects of Corexit Oil Dispersants","docAbstract":"On April 24, 2010, the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig resulted in the release of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. As of July 19, 2010, the federal government's Deepwater Horizon Incident Joint Information Center estimates the cumulative range of oil released is 3,067,000 to 5,258,000 barrels, with a relief well to be completed in early August. By comparison, the Exxon Valdez oil spill released a total of 260,000 barrels of crude oil into the environment. As of June 9, BP has used over 1 million gallons of Corexit oil dispersants to solubilize oil and help prevent the development of a surface oil slick. Oil dispersants are mixtures containing solvents and surfactants that can exhibit toxicity toward aquatic life and may enhance the toxicity of components of weathered crude oil. Detailed knowledge of the composition of both Corexit formulations and other dispersants applied in the Gulf will facilitate comprehensive monitoring programs for determining the occurrence, fate, and biological effects of the dispersant chemicals. The lack of information on the potential impacts of oil dispersants has caught industry, federal, and state officials off guard. Until compositions of Corexit 9500 and 9527 were released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency online, the only information available consisted of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), patent documentation, and a National Research Council report on oil dispersants. Several trade and common names are used for the components of the Corexits. For example, Tween 80 and Tween 85 are oligomeric mixtures.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es102319w","usgsCitation":"Place, B., Anderson, B., Mekebri, A., Furlong, E.T., Gray, J.L., Tjeerdema, R., and Field, J., 2010, A role for analytical chemistry in advancing our understanding of the occurrence, fate, and effects of Corexit Oil Dispersants: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 16, p. 6016-6018, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102319w.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"6016","endPage":"6018","costCenters":[{"id":140,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (National Water Quality Laboratory)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e565e4b0c8380cd46d32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Place, Ben","contributorId":103791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Place","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Brian","contributorId":55573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mekebri, Abdou","contributorId":41587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mekebri","given":"Abdou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tjeerdema, Ron","contributorId":83661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tjeerdema","given":"Ron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Field, Jennifer","contributorId":34650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003982,"text":"70003982 - 2010 - Source and fate of inorganic solutes in the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Trace element chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:14:55","indexId":"70003982","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T16:34:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source and fate of inorganic solutes in the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Trace element chemistry","docAbstract":"The Gibbon River in Yellowstone National Park receives inflows from several geothermal areas, and consequently the concentrations of many trace elements are elevated compared to rivers in non-geothermal watersheds. Water samples and discharge measurements were obtained from the Gibbon River and its major tributaries near Norris Geyser Basin under the low-flow conditions of September 2006 allowing for the identification of solute sources and their downstream fate. Norris Geyser Basin, and in particular Tantalus Creek, is the largest source of many trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Cs, Hg, Li, Sb, Tl, W, and REEs) to the Gibbon River. The Chocolate Pots area is a major source of Fe and Mn, and the lower Gibbon River near Terrace Spring is the major source of Be and Mo. Some of the elevated trace elements are aquatic health concerns (As, Sb, and Hg) and knowing their fate is important. Most solutes in the Gibbon River, including As and Sb, behave conservatively or are minimally attenuated over 29 km of fluvial transport. Some small attenuation of Al, Fe, Hg, and REEs occurs but primarily there is a transformation from the dissolved state to suspended particles, with most of these elements still being transported to the Madison River. Dissolved Hg and REEs loads decrease where the particulate Fe increases, suggesting sorption onto suspended particulate material. Attenuation from the water column is substantial for Mn, with little formation of Mn as suspended particulates.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.05.004","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Susong, D.D., Ball, J.W., and Taylor, H.E., 2010, Source and fate of inorganic solutes in the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Trace element chemistry: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 196, no. 3-4, p. 139-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.05.004.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"155","temporalStart":"2006-09-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Gibbon River;Yellowstone National Park","volume":"196","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b931ce4b08c986b31a2c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ball, James W.","contributorId":38946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70006107,"text":"ofr20091275 - 2010 - Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T13:26:41","indexId":"ofr20091275","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1275","title":"Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008","docAbstract":"The Upper Floridan aquifer is contaminated with saltwater in a 2-square-mile area of downtown Brunswick, Georgia. This contamination has limited development of the groundwater supply in the Glynn County area. Hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data are needed to effectively manage water resources. Since 1959, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted a cooperative water program with the City of Brunswick to monitor and assess the effect of groundwater development on saltwater contamination of the Floridan aquifer system. During calendar year 2008, the cooperative water program included continuous water-level recording of 12 wells completed in the Floridan, Brunswick, and surficial aquifer systems; collecting water levels from 21 wells to map the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 2008; and collecting and analyzing water samples from 26 wells to map chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 2008. Equipment was installed on 3 wells for real-time water level and specific conductance monitoring. In addition, work was continued to refine an existing groundwater-flow model for evaluation of water-management scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Brunswick and Glynn County","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., Peck, M., Painter, J.A., and Stayton, W.L., 2010, Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1275, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091275.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"60","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1275.jpg"},{"id":110960,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Glynn County","city":"Brunswick","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 31.399363152588798\n ],\n [\n -81.15188598632812,\n 31.399363152588798\n ],\n [\n -81.15188598632812,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 30.85625820510563\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db64140b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stayton, Welby L.","contributorId":19573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stayton","given":"Welby","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006096,"text":"ofr20101305 - 2010 - Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Broad River basin through March 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:23:45","indexId":"ofr20101305","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1305","title":"Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Broad River basin through March 2008","docAbstract":"In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, initiated a study to update low-flow statistics at continuous-record streamgaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in South Carolina. This report presents the low-flow statistics for 23 selected streamgaging stations in the Broad River basin in South Carolina, and includes flow durations of 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 75-, 90-, and 95-percent probability of exceedance and the annual minimum 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day mean flows with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years, depending on the length of record available at the streamgaging station. The low-flow statistics were computed from records available through March 31, 2008. In addition, flow duration information is presented for one streamgaging station 021556525, Pacolet River below Lake Blalock near Cowpens, SC, where recurrence interval computations were not appropriate.\nOf the 23 streamgaging stations for which recurrence interval computations were made, 14 had low-flow statistics that were published in previous U.S. Geological Survey reports. A comparison of the low-flow statistics for the minimum mean flow for a 7-consecutive-day period with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10) from this study with the most recently published values indicated that 8 of the 14 streamgaging stations had values that were within plus or minus 25 percent of the previous value. Ten of the 14 streamgaging stations had negative percent differences indicating the low-flow statistic had decreased since the previous study, and 4 streamgaging stations had positive percent differences indicating that the low-flow statistic had increased since the previous study. The low-flow statistics are influenced by length of record, hydrologic regime under which the record was collected, techniques used to do the analysis, and other changes, such as urbanization, diversions, and so on, that may have occurred in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101305","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Guimaraes, W.B., and Feaster, T., 2010, Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Broad River basin through March 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1305, vi, 47p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101305.","productDescription":"vi, 47p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1305.jpg"},{"id":110950,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1305/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.5,34 ], [ -82.5,36 ], [ -80.5,36 ], [ -80.5,34 ], [ -82.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006094,"text":"sir20105244 - 2010 - Analysis and simulation of water-level, specific conductance, and total phosphorus dynamics of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, 1995-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20105244","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5244","title":"Analysis and simulation of water-level, specific conductance, and total phosphorus dynamics of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, 1995-2006","docAbstract":"The Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) was established in 1951 through a license agreement between the South Florida Water Management District and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as part of the Migratory Bird Conservation Act. Under the license agreement, the State of Florida owns the land of the Refuge and the USFWS manages the land. Fifty-seven miles of levees and borrow canals surround the Refuge. Water in the canals surrounding the marsh is controlled by inflows and outflows through control structures. The transport of canal water with higher specific conductance and nutrient concentrations to the interior marsh has the potential to alter critical ecosystem functions of the marsh.\nData-mining techniques were applied to 12 years (1995-2006) of historical data to systematically synthesize and analyze the dataset to enhance the understanding of the hydrology and water quality of the Refuge. From the analysis, empirical models, including artificial neural network (ANN) models, were developed to answer critical questions related to the relative effects of controlled releases, precipitation, and meteorological forcing on water levels, specific conductance, and phosphorous concentrations of the interior marsh. Data mining is a powerful tool for converting large databases into information to solve complex problems resulting from large numbers of explanatory variables or poorly understood process physics. For the application of the linear regression and ANN models to the Refuge, data-mining methods were applied to maximize the information content in the raw data. Signal processing techniques used in the data analysis and model development included signal decomposition, digital filtering, time derivatives, time delays, and running averages. Inputs to the empirical models included time series, or signals, of inflows and outflows from the control structures, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. For a complex hydrologic system like the Refuge, the statistical accuracy of the models and predictive capability were good. The water-level models have coefficient of determination (R2 values ranging from 0.90 to 0.98. The R2 for the specific conductance model is 0.82, and the R2 for the total phosphorus model is 0.51. The accuracy of the models was attributable to the quantity and quality of the available data.\nTo make the models directly available to all stakeholders, an easy-to-use decision support system (DSS) called the Loxahatchee Artificial Neural Network Model (LOXANN) DSS was developed as a spreadsheet application that integrates the historical database, linear regression and ANN models, model controls, streaming graphics, and model output. The LOXANN DSS allows Refuge managers and other users to easily execute the water level, specific conductance, and phosphorous models to evaluate various water-resource management scenarios. The user is able to choose from three options in setting the control-structure flows: as a percentage of historical flow, as a constant flow, or as a user-defined hydrograph. Output from the LOXANN DSS includes tabular time series of predictions of the measured data and predictions of the user-specified conditions. A three-dimensional visualization routine also was developed that displays longitudinal specific conductance conditions.\nTwo scenarios were simulated with the LOXANN DSS. One scenario increased the historical flows at four control structures by 40 percent. The second scenario used a user-defined hydrograph to set the outflow from the Refuge to the weekly average inflow to the Refuge delayed by 2 days. Both scenarios decreased the potential of canal water intruding into the marsh by decreasing the slope of the water level between the canals and the marsh.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105244","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., and Roehl, E.A., 2010, Analysis and simulation of water-level, specific conductance, and total phosphorus dynamics of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, 1995-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5244, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105244.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5244.jpg"},{"id":110948,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Florida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf7e4b0c8380cd48b24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006083,"text":"sir20105066 - 2010 - Flood-depth frequency relations for rural streams in Alabama, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"sir20105066","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5066","title":"Flood-depth frequency relations for rural streams in Alabama, 2003","docAbstract":"Equations have been defined for estimating the depth of water for floods having a 67-, 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, and 1-percent chance exceedance on rural streams in Alabama. Multiple regression analyses of streamgage data were used to define the equations. Eight basin and climatic characteristics that were computed by using a geographical information system were evaluated as independent variables to determine their statistical significance for the dependent variable, flood depth.\nDrainage area was the most statistically significant independent variable tested. Addition of other significant variables did not decrease the standard error of prediction by more than 2 percent. Regression relations, for four different hydrologic regions, were developed to estimate flood depth for rural, ungaged streams as a function of the basin drainage area. These relations are based on computed depths that correspond to the flood magnitude and frequency for 164 streamgages in Alabama and 42 streamgages in adjacent States having at least 10 years of consecutive record. These relations utilize observed flood data collected through 2003. The geologic, physiographic, and climatic variability affecting flood depth is reflected in the constant (intercept) and exponent (slope) for each regional regression equation. Average standard errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 18 to 38 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., and Hedgecock, T., 2010, Flood-depth frequency relations for rural streams in Alabama, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5066, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105066.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5066.jpg"},{"id":110941,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,30 ], [ -89,35 ], [ -84,35 ], [ -84,30 ], [ -89,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, K.G.","contributorId":28319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedgecock, T.S.","contributorId":16107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedgecock","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006075,"text":"ofr20101213 - 2010 - Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20101213","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1213","title":"Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The Southeastern United States spans a broad range of physiographic settings and maintains exceptionally high levels of faunal diversity. Unfortunately, many of these ecosystems are increasingly under threat due to rapid human development, and management agencies are increasingly aware of the potential effects that climate change will have on these ecosystems. Natural resource managers and conservation planners can be effective at preserving ecosystems in the face of these stressors only if they can adapt current conservation efforts to increase the overall resilience of the system. Climate change, in particular, challenges many of the basic assumptions used by conservation planners and managers. Previous conservation planning efforts identified and prioritized areas for conservation based on the current environmental conditions, such as habitat quality, and assumed that conditions in conservation lands would be largely controlled by management actions (including no action). Climate change, however, will likely alter important system drivers (temperature, precipitation, and sea-level rise) and make it difficult, if not impossible, to maintain recent historic conditions in conservation lands into the future. Climate change will also influence the future conservation potential of non-conservation lands, further complicating conservation planning. Therefore, there is a need to develop and adapt effective conservation strategies to cope with the effects of climate and landscape change on future environmental conditions. Congress recognized this important issue and authorized the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC; http://nccw.usgs.gov/) in the Fiscal Year 2008. The NCCWSC will produce science that will help resource management agencies anticipate and adapt to climate change impacts to fish, wildlife, and their habitats. With the release of Secretarial Order 3289 on September 14, 2009, the mandate of the NCCWSC was expanded to address climate change-related impacts on all Department of the Interior (DOI) resources. The NCCWSC will establish a network of eight DOI Regional Climate Science Centers (RCSCs) that will work with a variety of partners to provide natural resource managers with tools and information that will help them anticipate and adapt conservation planning and design for projected climate change. The forecasting products produced by the RCSCs will aid fish, wildlife, and land managers in designing suitable adaptive management approaches for their programs. The DOI also is developing Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) as science and conservation action partnerships at subregional scales. The USGS is working with the Southeast Region of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to develop science collaboration between the future Southeast RCSC and future LCCs. The NCCWSC Southeast Regional Assessment Project (SERAP) will begin to develop regional downscaled climate models, land cover change models, regional ecological models, regional watershed models, and other science tools. Models and data produced by SERAP will be used in a collaborative process between the USGS, the FWS (LCCs), State and federal partners, nongovernmental organizations, and academia to produce science at appropriate scales to answer resource management questions. The SERAP will produce an assessment of climate change, and impacts on land cover, ecosystems, and priority species in the region. The predictive tools developed by the SERAP project team will allow end users to better understand potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise on terrestrial and aquatic populations in the Southeastern United States. The SERAP capitalizes on the integration of five existing projects: (1) the Multi-State Conservation Grants Program project \"Designing Sustainable Landscapes,\" (2) the USGS multidisciplinary Science Thrust project \"Water Availability for Ecological Needs,\" (3) the USGS Southeast Pilot Project \"Climate Change in the Southeastern U.S. and its Impacts on Bird Distributions and Habitats,\" (4) a sea-level rise impacts study envisioned jointly with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and (5) two USGS sea-level rise impact assessment projects that address inundation hazards and provide probabilistic forecasts of coastal geomorphic change. The SERAP will expand on these existing projects and include the following tasks, which were initiated in summer 2009: * Regionally downscaled probabilistic climate-change projections * Integrated coastal assessment * Integrated terrestrial assessment * Multi-resolution assessment of potential climate change effects on biological resources: aquatic and hydrologic dynamics * Optimal conservation strategies to cope with climate change The SERAP seeks to formally integrate these tasks to aid conservation planning and design so that ecosystem management decisions can be optimized for providing desirable outcomes across a range of species and environments. The following chapters detail SERAP's efforts in providing a suite of regional climate, watershed, and landscape-change analyses and develop the interdisciplinary framework required for the biological planning phases of adaptive management and strategic conservation. The planning phase will include the identification of conservation alternatives, development of predictive models and decision support tools, and development of a template to address similar challenges and goals in other regions. The project teams will explore and develop ways to link the various ecological models arising from each component. The SERAP project team also will work closely with members of the LCCs and other partnerships throughout the life of the project to ensure that the objectives of the project meet resources mangers needs in the Southeast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101213","usgsCitation":"Dalton, M.S., and Jones, S.A., 2010, Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1213, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101213.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"43","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1213.jpg"},{"id":110938,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Canada;Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52c1e3fce4b0cb5a2f1b26ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, Melinda S. 0000-0002-2929-5573 msdalton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-5573","contributorId":267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"Melinda","email":"msdalton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003936,"text":"70003936 - 2010 - Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T19:41:34","indexId":"70003936","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert","docAbstract":"Increasing human appropriation of freshwater resources presents a tangible limit to the sustainability of cities, agriculture, and ecosystems in the western United States. Marc Reisner tackles this theme in his 1986 classic Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. Reisner's analysis paints a portrait of region-wide hydrologic dysfunction in the western United States, suggesting that the storage capacity of reservoirs will be impaired by sediment infilling, croplands will be rendered infertile by salt, and water scarcity will pit growing desert cities against agribusiness in the face of dwindling water resources. Here we evaluate these claims using the best available data and scientific tools. Our analysis provides strong scientific support for many of Reisner's claims, except the notion that reservoir storage is imminently threatened by sediment. More broadly, we estimate that the equivalent of nearly 76% of streamflow in the Cadillac Desert region is currently appropriated by humans, and this figure could rise to nearly 86% under a doubling of the region's population. Thus, Reisner's incisive journalism led him to the same conclusions as those rendered by copious data, modern scientific tools, and the application of a more genuine scientific method. We close with a prospectus for reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert, including a suite of recommendations for reducing region-wide human appropriation of streamflow to a target level of 60%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1009734108","usgsCitation":"Sabo, J.L., Sinha, T., Bowling, L.C., Schoups, G.H., Wallender, W.W., Campana, M., Cherkauer, K., Fuller, P., Graf, W.L., Hopmans, J.W., Kominoski, J.S., Taylor, C., Trimble, S.W., Webb, R., and Wohl, E.E., 2010, Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 107, no. 50, p. 21263-21269, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009734108.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21263","endPage":"21269","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3003073","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269479,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009734108"}],"country":"United States","volume":"107","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb8dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabo, John 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Carissa","contributorId":78078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Carissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Trimble, Stanley W.","contributorId":65088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wohl, Ellen 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Hamilton County, New York, and the McTier Creek watershed, Aiken County, South Carolina, 2008","docAbstract":"Mercury is an element of on-going concern for human and aquatic health. Mercury sequestered in upland and wetland soils represents a source that may contribute to mercury contamination in sensitive ecosystems. An improved understanding of mercury cycling in stream ecosystems requires identification and quantification of mercury speciation and transport dynamics in upland and wetland soils within a watershed. This report presents data for soils collected in 2008 from two small watersheds in New York and South Carolina. In New York, 163 samples were taken from multiple depths or soil horizons at 70 separate locations near Fishing Brook, located in Hamilton County. At McTier Creek, in Aiken County, South Carolina, 81 samples from various soil horizons or soil depths were collected from 24 locations. Sample locations within each watershed were selected to characterize soil geochemistry in distinct land-cover compartments. Soils were analyzed for total mercury, selenium, total and carbonate carbon, and 42 other elements. A subset of the samples was also analyzed for methylmercury.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds516","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W.F., Knightes, C.D., Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P.M., Burns, D.A., Brigham, M.E., and Lowery, M.A., 2010, Total mercury, methylmercury, and selected elements in soils of the Fishing Brook watershed, Hamilton County, New York, and the McTier Creek watershed, Aiken County, South Carolina, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 516, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds516.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","temporalStart":"2008-09-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_516.jpg"},{"id":110831,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/516/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers","datum":"NAD 83","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.65,33.7 ], [ -81.65,44.03333333333333 ], [ -74.25,44.03333333333333 ], [ -74.25,33.7 ], [ -81.65,33.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6281e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knightes, Christopher D.","contributorId":32666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knightes","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lowery, Mark A.","contributorId":77872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70005942,"text":"fs20103101 - 2010 - Extreme drought to extreme floods: summary of hydrologic conditions in Georgia, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T10:39:20","indexId":"fs20103101","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3101","title":"Extreme drought to extreme floods: summary of hydrologic conditions in Georgia, 2009","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey (USGS) Georgia Water Science Center (WSC) maintains a long-term hydrologic monitoring network of more than 317 real-time streamgages, more than 180 groundwater wells of which 31 are real-time, and 10 lake-level monitoring stations. One of the many benefits of data collected from this monitoring network is that analysis of the data provides an overview of the hydrologic conditions of rivers, creeks, reservoirs, and aquifers in Georgia.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Georgia Water Science Center","doi":"10.3133/fs20103101","usgsCitation":"Knaak, A.E., Pojunas, T.K., and Peck, M., 2010, Extreme drought to extreme floods: summary of hydrologic conditions in Georgia, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3101, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103101.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3101.jpg"},{"id":110819,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f89b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knaak, Andrew E. 0000-0003-1813-8959 aknaak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1813-8959","contributorId":3123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaak","given":"Andrew","email":"aknaak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pojunas, Timothy K.","contributorId":63679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojunas","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003367,"text":"70003367 - 2010 - Reduced channel conveyance on the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas, 1900-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"70003367","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2257,"text":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduced channel conveyance on the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas, 1900-2009","docAbstract":"Recent floods on the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas, have reached higher stages compared to historical floods of similar magnitude discharges. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has operated streamflow-gaging station 07312500 Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Tex., since 1938 and flood measurements near the location of the present gage were first made in 1900. Floods recorded in 2007 and 2008 at this gaging station, including the record flood of June 30, 2007, reached higher stages compared to historical floods before 1972 of similar peak discharges. For flood measurements made at stages of more than 18 feet, peak stages were about 1 to 3 feet higher compared to peak stages of similar peak discharges measured before 1972. Flood measurements made at stages of more than 18 feet also indicate a decrease in the measured mean velocity from about 3.5 to about 2.0 feet per second from 1941 to 2008. The increase in stage and decrease in streamflow velocity for similar magnitude floods indicates channel conveyance has decreased over time. A study to investigate the causes of reduced channel conveyance in the Wichita River reach from Loop 11 downstream to River Road in Wichita Falls was done by the USGS in cooperation with the City of Wichita Falls. Historical photographs indicate substantial growth of riparian vegetation downstream from Loop 11 between 1950 and 2009. Aerial photographs taken between 1950 and 2008 also indicate an increase in riparian vegetation. Twenty-five channel cross sections were surveyed by the USGS in this reach in 2009. These cross sections were located at bridge crossings or collocated with channel cross sections previously surveyed in 1986 for use in a floodplain mapping study by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Four channel cross sections 3,400 to 11,900 feet downstream from Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard indicate narrowing of the channel. The remaining channel cross sections surveyed in 2009 by the USGS compared favorably with cross sections surveyed in 1986 for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, with no substantial differences noted. Comparison of channel cross sections surveyed in 2009 to those from historic bridge plans indicate no change in cross section has occurred at most of the bridges from Loop 11 downstream to River Road in Wichita Falls, except for obstructions noted at the Scott Avenue bridge and Martin Luther King Jr. bridge. Although obstructions in the channel at these bridges only partially block flow, they could also be contributing to reduced channel conveyance. Step-backwater profiles were used by the USGS to verify channel roughness. The main channel roughness coefficients (Manning's n values) from 2009 surveys were virtually unchanged from those used in a 1991 hydraulic model done for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The average overbank roughness coefficient (Manning's n value) was 0.15, more than double the value of 0.06 used in the 1991 hydraulic model. Increased overbank vegetation has resulted in higher stages conveying the same amount of discharge, particularly for discharges more than 4,000 cubic feet per second.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Environmental Hydrology","publisherLocation":"San Antonio, TX","usgsCitation":"Winters, K., Baldys, S., and Schreiber, R., 2010, Reduced channel conveyance on the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas, 1900-2009: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 18.","startPage":"Paper 8","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.hydroweb.com/jehabs/wintersabs.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Wichita Falls","volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Karl","contributorId":107029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":347033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreiber, Russell","contributorId":72933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004013,"text":"70004013 - 2010 - Projected climate impacts for the amphibians of the western hemisphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70004013","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected climate impacts for the amphibians of the western hemisphere","docAbstract":"Given their physiological requirements, limited dispersal abilities, and hydrologically sensitive habitats, amphibians are likely to be highly sensitive to future climatic changes. We used three approaches to map areas in the western hemisphere where amphibians are particularly likely to be affected by climate change. First, we used bioclimatic models to project potential climate-driven shifts in the distribution of 413 amphibian species based on 20 climate simulations for 2071–2100. We summarized these projections to produce estimates of species turnover. Second, we mapped the distribution of 1099 species with restricted geographic ranges. Finally, using the 20 future climate-change simulations, we mapped areas that were consistently projected to receive less seasonal precipitation in the coming century and thus were likely to have altered microclimates and local hydrologies. Species turnover was projected to be highest in the Andes Mountains and parts of Central America and Mexico, where, on average, turnover rates exceeded 60% under the lower of two emissions scenarios. Many of the restricted-range species not included in our range-shift analyses were concentrated in parts of the Andes and Central America and in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Much of Central America, southwestern North America, and parts of South America were consistently projected to experience decreased precipitation by the end of the century. Combining the results of the three analyses highlighted several areas in which amphibians are likely to be significantly affected by climate change for multiple reasons. Portions of southern Central America were simultaneously projected to experience high species turnover, have many additional restricted-range species, and were consistently projected to receive less precipitation. Together, our three analyses form one potential assessment of the geographic vulnerability of amphibians to climate change and as such provide broad-scale guidance for directing conservation efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Lawler, J.J., Shafer, S., Bancroft, B.A., and Blaustein, A.R., 2010, Projected climate impacts for the amphibians of the western hemisphere: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 1, p. 38-50.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101704,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01403.x/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, Joshua J.","contributorId":73327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L.","contributorId":32623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bancroft, Betsy A.","contributorId":38700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bancroft","given":"Betsy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blaustein, Andrew R.","contributorId":44276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaustein","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044274,"text":"70044274 - 2010 - Applying dispersive changes to Lagrangian particles in groundwater transport models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T11:14:02","indexId":"70044274","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3646,"text":"Transport in Porous Media","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying dispersive changes to Lagrangian particles in groundwater transport models","docAbstract":"Method-of-characteristics groundwater transport models require that changes in concentrations computed within an Eulerian framework to account for dispersion be transferred to moving particles used to simulate advective transport. A new algorithm was developed to accomplish this transfer between nodal values and advecting particles more precisely and realistically compared to currently used methods. The new method scales the changes and adjustments of particle concentrations relative to limiting bounds of concentration values determined from the population of adjacent nodal values. The method precludes unrealistic undershoot or overshoot for concentrations of individual particles. In the new method, if dispersion causes cell concentrations to decrease during a time step, those particles in the cell having the highest concentration will decrease the most, and those with the lowest concentration will decrease the least. The converse is true if dispersion is causing concentrations to increase. Furthermore, if the initial concentration on a particle is outside the range of the adjacent nodal values, it will automatically be adjusted in the direction of the acceptable range of values. The new method is inherently mass conservative.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transport in Porous Media","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11242-010-9571-2","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 2010, Applying dispersive changes to Lagrangian particles in groundwater transport models: Transport in Porous Media, v. 85, no. 2, p. 437-449, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9571-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"449","ipdsId":"IP-015055","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270774,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9571-2"}],"country":"United States","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516689dee4b0bba30b388bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005648,"text":"70005648 - 2010 - Zn and Cu isotopes as tracers of anthropogenic contamination in a sediment core from an urban lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:02:13","indexId":"70005648","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zn and Cu isotopes as tracers of anthropogenic contamination in a sediment core from an urban lake","docAbstract":"In this work, we use stable Zn and Cu isotopes to identify the sources and timing of the deposition of these metals in a sediment core from Lake Ballinger near Seattle, Washington, USA. The base of the Lake Ballinger core predates settlement in the region, while the upper sections record the effects of atmospheric emissions from a nearby smelter and rapid urbanization of the watershed. δ66Zn and δ65Cu varied by 0.50‰ and 0.29‰, respectively, over the 500 year core record. Isotopic changes were correlated with the presmelter period (∼1450 to 1900 with δ66Zn = +0.39‰ ± 0.09‰ and δ65Cu = +0.77‰ ± 0.06‰), period of smelter operation (1900 to 1985 with δ66Zn = +0.14 ± 0.06‰ and δ65Cu = +0.94 ± 0.10‰), and postsmelting/stable urban land use period (post 1985 with δ66Zn = 0.00 ± 0.10‰ and δ65Cu = +0.82‰ ± 0.12‰). Rapid early urbanization during the post World War II era increased metal loading to the lake but did not significantly alter the δ66Zn and δ65Cu, suggesting that increased metal loads during this time were derived mainly from mobilization of historically contaminated soils. Urban sources of Cu and Zn were dominant since the smelter closed in the 1980s, and the δ66Zn measured in tire samples suggests tire wear is a likely source of Zn.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es902933y","usgsCitation":"Thapalia, A., Borrok, D.M., Van Metre, P., Musgrove, M., and Landa, E.R., 2010, Zn and Cu isotopes as tracers of anthropogenic contamination in a sediment core from an urban lake: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 5, p. 1544-1550, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902933y.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1544","endPage":"1550","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ballinger","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.34778404235838,\n 47.77296414636152\n ],\n [\n -122.2938823699951,\n 47.77296414636152\n ],\n [\n -122.2938823699951,\n 47.81401910494435\n ],\n [\n -122.34778404235838,\n 47.81401910494435\n ],\n [\n -122.34778404235838,\n 47.77296414636152\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e477ae4b07f02db47f6e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thapalia, Anita","contributorId":38270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thapalia","given":"Anita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borrok, David M.","contributorId":26056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. pcvanmet@usgs.gov","contributorId":486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn 0000-0003-1607-3864 mmusgrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-3864","contributorId":197013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","email":"mmusgrov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":352995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003821,"text":"70003821 - 2010 - Flood hydrology and methylmercury availability in Coastal Plain rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:15:50","indexId":"70003821","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood hydrology and methylmercury availability in Coastal Plain rivers","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) burdens in top-predator fish differ substantially between adjacent South Carolina Coastal Plain river basins with similar wetlands coverage. In the Congaree River, floodwaters frequently originate in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont regions, where wetlands coverage and surface water dissolved methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations are low. Piedmont-driven flood events can lead to downward hydraulic gradients in the Coastal Plain riparian wetland margins, inhibiting MeHg transport from wetland sediments, and decreasing MeHg availability in the Congaree River habitat. In the adjacent Edisto River basin, floodwaters originate only within Coastal Plain sediments, maintaining upward hydraulic gradients even during flood events, promoting MeHg transport to the water column, and enhancing MeHg availability in the Edisto River habitat. These results indicate that flood hydrodynamics contribute to the variability in Hg vulnerability between Coastal Plain rivers and that comprehensive regional assessment of the relationship between flood hydrodynamics and Hg risk in Coastal Plain streams is warranted.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es102917j","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Journey, C.A., Chapelle, F.H., Lowery, M.A., and Conrads, P., 2010, Flood hydrology and methylmercury availability in Coastal Plain rivers: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 24, p. 9285-9290, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102917j.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9285","endPage":"9290","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es102917j","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain, Congaree River basin, Edisto River 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"44","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef17d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowery, Mark A.","contributorId":77872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004062,"text":"70004062 - 2010 - Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:16:23","indexId":"70004062","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary bedrock at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), Trenton, New Jersey, a trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated site in the Newark Basin, is developed using an understanding of the geologic history of the strata, gamma-ray logs, and rock cores. NAWC is the newest field research site established as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, and DoD Environmental Security Technology Certification Program to investigate contaminant remediation in fractured rock.\n\nSedimentary bedrock at the NAWC research site comprises the Skunk Hollow, Byram, and Ewing Creek Members of the Lockatong Formation and Raven Rock Member of the Stockton Formation. Muds of the Lockatong Formation that were deposited in Van Houten cycles during the Triassic have lithified to form the bedrock that is typical of much of the Newark Basin. Four lithotypes formed from the sediments include black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone, dark-gray laminated mudstone, light-gray massive mudstone, and red massive mudstone. Diagenesis, tectonic compression, off-loading, and weathering have altered the rocks to give some strata greater hydraulic conductivity than other strata. Each stratum in the Lockatong Formation is 0.3 to 8 m thick, strikes N65 degrees E, and dips 25 degrees to 70 degrees NW. The black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone tends to fracture easily, has a relatively high hydraulic conductivity and is associated with high natural gamma-ray count rates. The dark-gray laminated mudstone is less fractured and has a lower hydraulic conductivity than the black carbon-rich laminated mudstone. The light-gray and the red massive mudstones are highly indurated and tend to have the least fractures and a low hydraulic conductivity.\n\nThe differences in gamma-ray count rates for different mudstones allow gamma-ray logs to be used to correlate and delineate the lithostratigraphy from multiple wells. Gamma-ray logs and rock cores were correlated to develop a 13-layer gamma-ray stratigraphy and 41-layer lithostratigraphy throughout the fractured sedimentary rock research site.\n\nDetailed hydrogeologic framework shows that black carbon-rich laminated mudstones are the most hydraulically conductive. Water-quality and aquifer-test data indicate that groundwater flow is greatest and TCE contamination is highest in the black, carbon- and clay-rich laminated mudstones. Large-scale groundwater flow at the NAWC research site can be modeled as highly anisotropic with the highest component of permeability occurring along bedding planes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01275.x","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., and Burton, W.C., 2010, Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 30, no. 2, p. 35-45, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01275.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Newark Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003736,"text":"70003736 - 2010 - Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish: measurement challenges and research opportunities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T15:15:28","indexId":"70003736","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish: measurement challenges and research opportunities","docAbstract":"In other parts of the world, previous workers have shown that sparry dolomite in carbonate rocks may be produced by the generation and movement of hot basinal brines in response to arid paleoclimates and tectonism, and that some of these brines served as the transport medium for metals fixed in Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) and sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) deposits of Zn, Pb, Ag, Au, or barite.
Numerous occurrences of hydrothermal zebra dolomite (HZD), comprised of alternating layers of dark replacement and light void-filling sparry or saddle dolomite, are present in Paleozoic platform and slope carbonate rocks on the eastern side of the Great Basin physiographic province. Locally, it is associated with mineral deposits of barite, Ag-Pb-Zn, and Au. In this paper the spatial distribution of HZD occurrences, their stratigraphic position, morphological characteristics, textures and zoning, and chemical and stable isotopic compositions were determined to improve understanding of their age, origin, and relation to dolostone, ore deposits, and the tectonic evolution of the Great Basin.
In northern and central Nevada, HZD is coeval and cogenetic with Late Devonian and Early Mississippian Sedex Au, Zn, and barite deposits and may be related to Late Ordovician Sedex barite deposits. In southern Nevada and southwest California, it is cogenetic with small MVT Ag-Pb-Zn deposits in rocks as young as Early Mississippian. Over Paleozoic time, the Great Basin was at equatorial paleolatitudes with episodes of arid paleoclimates. Several occurrences of HZD are crosscut by Mesozoic or Cenozoic intrusions, and some host younger pluton-related polymetallic replacement and Carlin-type gold deposits.
The distribution of HZD in space (carbonate platform, margin, and slope) and stratigraphy (Late Neoproterozoic Ediacaran–Mississippian) roughly parallels that of dolostone and both are prevalent in Devonian strata. Stratabound HZD is best developed in Ediacaran and Cambrian units, whereas discordant HZD is proximal to high-angle structures at the carbonate platform margin, such as strike-slip and growth faults and dilational jogs. Fabric-selective replacement and dissolution features (e.g., collapse breccias, voids with geopetal textures) are common, with remaining void space lined with light-colored dolomite crystals that exhibit zoning under cathodoluminescence. Zoned crystals usually contain tiny (<1–3 μm) fluid inclusions with vapor bubbles, requiring Th > ∼70 °C. The oxygen isotopic compositions of HZD are consistent with formation temperatures of 50–150 °C requiring brine circulation to depths of 2–5 km, or more. The few HZD occurrences with the highest concentrations of metals (especially Fe, Mn, and Zn) and the largest isotopic shifts are closely associated with Sedex or MVT deposits known to have formed from hotter brines (e.g., Th > 150–250 °C).
These relationships permit that HZD formed at about the same time as dolostone, from brines produced by the evaporation of seawater during arid paleoclimates at equatorial paleolatitudes. Both dolostone and HZD may have formed as basinal brines, which migrated seaward from evaporative pans on the platform, with dolostone forming at low temperatures along shallow migration pathways through permeable limestones, and HZD forming at high temperatures along deeper migration pathways through basal aquifers and dilatant high-angle faults. The small MVT deposits were chemical traps where hot brines encountered rocks or fluids containing reduced sulfur. The abundant Sedex deposits mark sites where hot brine discharged at the seafloor in adjacent basins. Thus the distribution of HZD may map deep migration pathways and upflow zones between eastern shallow marine facies, where evaporative brine could have been generated, and western Sedex deposits, where heated brines discharged along faults into platform margin, slope, and basin facies. The small size and scarcity of Pb-Zn deposits and the abundance of barite deposits in the Great Basin suggests the brines were generally reduced, possibly due to reactions with carbonaceous rocks along deep migration pathways. While this scenario may have occurred at several times, the age and abundance of Sedex deposits suggest that such a hydrology was best developed in the Late Ordovician, Late Devonian, and Early Mississippian, possibly in response to episodes of extension and forebulge faults associated with the Antler orogeny. The improved understanding of HZD may aid future exploration for ore deposits in the Great Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00530.1","usgsCitation":"Diehl, S.F., Hofstra, A., Koenig, A., Emsbo, P., Christiansen, W., and Johnson, C., 2010, Hydrothermal zebra dolomite in the Great Basin, Nevada--attributes and relation to Paleozoic stratigraphy, tectonics, and ore deposits: Geosphere, v. 6, no. 5, p. 663-690, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00530.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"690","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00530.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -120.01464843749997,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 38.85682013474361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diehl, S. F.","contributorId":84780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koenig, A.E. 0000-0002-5230-0924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":23679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christiansen, W.","contributorId":22892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Chad","contributorId":88678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003333,"text":"70003333 - 2010 - Assessment of PDMS-water partition coefficients: implications for passive environmental sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:56:21","indexId":"70003333","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of PDMS-water partition coefficients: implications for passive environmental sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds","docAbstract":"Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has shown potential as an in situ passive-sampling technique in aquatic environments. The reliability of this method depends upon accurate determination of the partition coefficient between the fiber coating and water (Kf). For some hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), Kf values spanning 4 orders of magnitude have been reported for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and water. However, 24% of the published data examined in this review did not pass the criterion for negligible depletion, resulting in questionable Kf values. The range in reported Kf is reduced to just over 2 orders of magnitude for some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) when these questionable values are removed. Other factors that could account for the range in reported Kf, such as fiber-coating thickness and fiber manufacturer, were evaluated and found to be insignificant. In addition to accurate measurement of Kf, an understanding of the impact of environmental variables, such as temperature and ionic strength, on partitioning is essential for application of laboratory-measured Kf values to field samples. To date, few studies have measured Kf for HOCs at conditions other than at 20 degrees or 25 degrees C in distilled water. The available data indicate measurable variations in Kf at different temperatures and different ionic strengths. Therefore, if the appropriate environmental variables are not taken into account, significant error will be introduced into calculated aqueous concentrations using this passive sampling technique. A multiparameter linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) was developed to estimate log Kf in distilled water at 25 degrees C based on published physicochemical parameters. This method provided a good correlation (R2 = 0.94) between measured and predicted log Kf values for several compound classes. Thus, an LSER approach may offer a reliable means of predicting log Kf for HOCs whose experimental log Kf values are presently unavailable. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of environmental variables on Kf. Obtaining the data needed for an LSER approach to estimate Kf for all environmentally relevant HOCs would be beneficial to the application of SPME as a passive-sampling technique.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es101103x","usgsCitation":"DiFilippo, E.L., and Eganhouse, R., 2010, Assessment of PDMS-water partition coefficients: implications for passive environmental sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 18, p. 6917-6925, https://doi.org/10.1021/es101103x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6917","endPage":"6925","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67291f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiFilippo, Erica L.","contributorId":90449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiFilippo","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003743,"text":"70003743 - 2010 - Assessing transportation infrastructure impacts on rangelands: test of a standard rangeland assessment protocol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70003743","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing transportation infrastructure impacts on rangelands: test of a standard rangeland assessment protocol","docAbstract":"Linear disturbances associated with on- and off-road vehicle use on rangelands has increased dramatically throughout the world in recent decades. This increase is due to a variety of factors including increased availability of all-terrain vehicles, infrastructure development (oil, gas, renewable energy, and ex-urban), and recreational activities. In addition to the direct impacts of road development, the presence and use of roads may alter resilience of adjoining areas through indirect effects such as altered site hydrologic and eolian processes, invasive seed dispersal, and sediment transport. There are few standardized methods for assessing impacts of transportation-related land-use activities on soils and vegetation in arid and semi-arid rangelands. Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health (IIRH) is an internationally accepted qualitative assessment that is applied widely to rangelands. We tested the sensitivity of IIRH to impacts of roads, trails, and pipelines on adjacent lands by surveying plots at three distances from these linear disturbances. We performed tests at 16 randomly selected sites in each of three ecosystems (Northern High Plains, Colorado Plateau, and Chihuahuan Desert) for a total of 208 evaluation plots. We also evaluated the repeatability of IIRH when applied to road-related disturbance gradients. Finally, we tested extent of correlations between IIRH plot attribute departure classes and trends in a suite of quantitative indicators. Results indicated that the IIRH technique is sensitive to direct and indirect impacts of transportation activities with greater departure from reference condition near disturbances than far from disturbances. Trends in degradation of ecological processes detected with qualitative assessments were highly correlated with quantitative data. Qualitative and quantitative assessments employed in this study can be used to assess impacts of transportation features at the plot scale. Through integration with remote sensing technologies, these methods could also potentially be used to assess cumulative impacts of transportation networks at the landscape scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Wheat Ridge, CO","usgsCitation":"Duniway, M.C., Herrick, J.E., Pyke, D.A., and Toledo, D., 2010, Assessing transportation infrastructure impacts on rangelands: test of a standard rangeland assessment protocol: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 63, no. 5, p. 524-536.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"536","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":24473,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.srmjournals.org/doi/abs/10.2111/REM-D-09-00176.1?journalCode=rama","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrick, Jeffrey E.","contributorId":26054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrick","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12627,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toledo, David","contributorId":91228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toledo","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}