{"pageNumber":"192","pageRowStart":"4775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":27988,"text":"wri894081 - 1989 - Hydrogeology and results of aquifer tests in the vicinity of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Byron, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T18:25:34.408189","indexId":"wri894081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4081","title":"Hydrogeology and results of aquifer tests in the vicinity of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Byron, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted an investigation of a Superfund Site near Byron, Illinois. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the hydrogeologic properties of the Galena-Platteville and St. Peter aquifers, the primary water-supply aquifers for domestic supply in the area. The Galena and Platteville Groups and older St. Peter Sandstone are separated by the Harmony Hill Shale Member of the Glenwood Formation. The Harmony Hill Shale Member is a semiconfining unit. Groundwater flow in the study area is from the site northwestward to the Rock River. Movement of groundwater in the dolomites is mainly through joints, fractures, and solution openings. Analysis of the Galena-Platteville aquifer-test data indicates that the calculated aquifer transmissivity ranges from 490 to 670 sq ft/day, and the calculated specific yield ranges from 0.017 to 0.140. Aquifer test data also indicate that the Galena-Platteville aquifer is heterogeneous and anisotropic. Analysis of the St. Peter aquifer-test data indicates that the calculated transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from 1,200 to 1 ,305 sq ft/day, storativity ranges from 0.000528 to 0.00128, horizontal hydraulic conductivity ranges from 2.9 to 3.1 ft/day, and leakage through the Harmony Hill Shale Member ranges from .000123 to .000217 ft/day/ft.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894081","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Olson, D.N., and Ryan, B.J., 1989, Hydrogeology and results of aquifer tests in the vicinity of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Byron, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4081, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894081.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414114,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47189.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56811,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4081/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Byron","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.3333,\n              42.1083\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3333,\n              42.0625\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.2917,\n              42.0625\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.2917,\n              42.1083\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3333,\n              42.1083\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6254b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, David N.","contributorId":66305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Barbara J.","contributorId":62989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":17502,"text":"ofr88492 - 1989 - Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T16:33:20.898321","indexId":"ofr88492","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-492","title":"Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The shallow groundwater system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River-Indiana Harbor Canal, Indiana was analyzed from June 1985 to May 1986. This analysis was done to obtain detailed information about the physical characteristics of the Calumet aquifer and the shallow groundwater flow system. 36 shallow wells were installed and sediment samples were collected at 26 sites. Water level measurements were made in 45 wells. Data indicate that the aquifer consists of fine-grained to medium-grained sand, locally overlain by slag fill. Aquifer thickness is 0 to 65 ft. This aquifer is underlain by about 100 ft of glacial till and lacustrine clay that overlies carbonate bedrock of Silurian age. Broad, low-relief water table mounds occur between the major surface water drains. The crests of these mounds form major east-west-trending water table divides. Northwest of the Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC), a narrow water table ridge parallels the Lake Michigan shoreline and connects to a somewhat circular, low mound northwest of the IHC. Shallow groundwater generally flows from these water table mounds to the major streams or to Lake Michigan. Groundwater also flows to small ditches, wetlands, and sewer lines. Stream/aquifer relations along the Grand Calumet River/IHC were quite complex. Digital model simulations of a conceptual north-south section near the middle of the study area indicate that discharge of groundwater to small ditches and leaky sewer lines has lowered the water table by several ft from predevelopment levels. Simulations also indicate that downward leakage to the bedrock may have contributed to the decline in the water table.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88492","usgsCitation":"Watson, L.R., Shedlock, R.J., Banaszak, K., Arihood, L.D., and Doss, P.K., 1989, Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-492, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88492.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17455.htm"},{"id":46653,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0492/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0492/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.41615295410155,\n              41.59310776407768\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.30697631835936,\n              41.59310776407768\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.30697631835936,\n              41.65470159090441\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.41615295410155,\n              41.65470159090441\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.41615295410155,\n              41.59310776407768\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67cac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Lee R.","contributorId":83545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shedlock, R. J.","contributorId":91510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banaszak, K. J.","contributorId":34935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banaszak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arihood, L. D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doss, P. K.","contributorId":22788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doss","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":16543,"text":"ofr89243 - 1989 - Hydraulic characteristics of the New River in the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr89243","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-243","title":"Hydraulic characteristics of the New River in the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Traveltime, dispersion, water-surface and streambed profiles, and cross-section data were collected for use in application of flow and solute-transport models to the New River in the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia. Dye clouds subjected to increasing and decreasing flow rates (unsteady flow) showed that increasing flows shorten the cloud and decreasing flows lengthen the cloud. After the flow rate was changed and the flow was again steady, traveltime and dispersion characteristics were determined by the new rate of flow. Seven stage/streamflow relations identified the general changes of stream geometry throughout the study reach. Channel cross sections were estimated for model input. Low water and streambed profiles were developed from surveyed water surface elevations and water depths. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies can be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89243","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J., and Appel, D.H., 1989, Hydraulic characteristics of the New River in the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-243, iv, 34 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89243.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0243/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45529,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0243/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a2ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, J.B.","contributorId":76739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appel, David H.","contributorId":45290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":59597,"text":"mf2008C - 1989 - Aeromagnetic maps of the Uinta and Piceance Basins and vicinity, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T17:00:45.946804","indexId":"mf2008C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008","chapter":"C","title":"Aeromagnetic maps of the Uinta and Piceance Basins and vicinity, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>In order to understand the evolution of sedimentary basins, it is important to understand their tectonic setting. In a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study of the Uinta and Piceance basins in Utah and Colorado, this understanding is approached through characterization of subsurface structure and lithology of a large region encompassing the basins. An important tool for interpreting these subsurface features is aeromagnetic data.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Aeromagnetic anomalies represent variations in the strength and direction of the Earth's magnetic field that are produced by rocks containing a significant number of magnetic minerals (commonly magnetite). The shape and magnitude of an anomaly produced by one body of rock are complexly related to the amount of magnetic minerals present, the magnetic properties of those minerals (determined by a number of factors, including the history of the rock), and the shape of the rock body. In the study area, only crystalline basement rocks and volcanic rocks are likely to contain enough magnetic minerals to produce anomalies; sedimentary rocks and metasediments are generally so poor in magnetic minerals that their magnetic effects cannot be detected by the types of surveys presented in this report. Patterns of anomalies on aeromagnetic maps can reveal not only lithologic differences related to magnetite content, but structural features as well, such as faults that have juxtaposed crystalline rocks against sedimentary rocks, and upwarps of crystalline basement underlying sedimentary sequences.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Tectonic features of regional extent may not become apparent until a number of aeromagnetic surveys have been compiled and plotted at the same scale. Commonly the compilation involves piecing together data from surveys that were flown at different times and have widely disparate flight specifications and data reduction procedures. The data may be compiled into a composite map, where all the pieces are plotted onto one map without regard to the differences in flight elevation and datum, or they may be compiled into a merged map, where all survey data are analytically reduced to a common flight elevation and datum, and then digitally merged at the survey boundaries. The composite map retains the original resolution of all survey data, but computer methods to enhance or model regional features crossing the survey boundaries cannot be applied. On the other hand, these computer methods can be applied to the merged data, but the resolution of the data may be somewhat diminished. This report presents both composite and merged aeromagnetic maps for a large region that includes the Uinta Basin in Utah and the Piceance basin in Colorado (fig. 1).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2008C","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., and Plesha, J.L., 1989, Aeromagnetic maps of the Uinta and Piceance Basins and vicinity, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2008, 2 Plates: 47.69 x 40.45 and 47.18 x 32.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2008C.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 47.69 x 40.45 and 47.18 x 32.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486653,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5600.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":278811,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2008c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2008c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":278812,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2008c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin, Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.1482,37.9269 ], [ -113.1482,41.0 ], [ -106.3559,41.0 ], [ -106.3559,37.9269 ], [ -113.1482,37.9269 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689eab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plesha, Joseph L.","contributorId":96335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plesha","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25875,"text":"wri884028 - 1989 - Hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south- central United States — A preliminary assessment of the regional flow system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T20:07:12.651795","indexId":"wri884028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4028","title":"Hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south- central United States — A preliminary assessment of the regional flow system","docAbstract":"<p>Data describing the aquifer framework and steady-state regional flow were assembled for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer north of Vicksburg, Mississippi. The aquifer is part of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system. The 60 to 140 ft thick alluvial aquifer grades from gravel at the bottom to fine sand near the top. It is overlain by the Mississippi River Valley confining unit, which consists of 10 to 50 ft of silts, clays, and fine-grained sands. Underlying units consist of alternating sands and clays corresponding to regional hydrogeologic units of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system. The three-layer finite difference model was used to simulate two-dimensional confined or unconfined steady-state flow for predevelopment and 1972. Preliminary analysis of predevelopment flow indicates that recharge to the alluvial aquifer was from underlying aquifers and the confining unit. Rivers accounted for almost all discharge. Pumpage from the alluvial aquifer for irrigation substantially changed regional flow direction toward depressions in the potentiometric surface. Recharge from rivers and the confining unit increased and recharge from underlying aquifers decreased. Discharge to underlying aquifers increased and discharge to rivers decreased. Recharge from the confining unit reached a maximum of 1.3 inch/year for large parts of the aquifer. Nearly all drawdown exceeding 20 ft was at two locations in Arkansas--the Grande Prairie region, and west of Crowleys Ridge. Model results indicate the importance of leakage from rivers and the confining unite to providing recharge to sustain large amounts of pumpage from the alluvial aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884028","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, D.J., 1989, Hydrology of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south- central United States — A preliminary assessment of the regional flow system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4028, vi, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884028.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54629,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394609,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46953.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              32\n            ],\n            [\n              -88,\n              37.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -92,\n              37.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -92,\n              32\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, D. J.","contributorId":53380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29482,"text":"wri894070 - 1989 - A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri894070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4070","title":"A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates","docAbstract":"A computer program was developed for converting the coordinates of any rectangular grid on a map to coordinates on a grid that is parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. Using this program in conjunction with groundwater flow models, the user can extract data and results from models with varying grid orientations and place these data into grid structure that is oriented parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. All cells in the rectangular grid must have equal dimensions, and all cells in the latitude-longitude grid measure one minute by one minute. This program is applicable if the map used shows lines of equal latitude as arcs and lines of equal longitude as straight lines and assumes that the Earth 's surface can be approximated as a sphere. The program user enters the row number , column number, and latitude and longitude of the midpoint of the cell for three test cells on the rectangular grid. The latitude and longitude of boundaries of the rectangular grid also are entered. By solving sets of simultaneous linear equations, the program calculates coefficients that are used for making the conversion. As an option in the program, the user may build a groundwater model file based on a grid that is parallel to lines of equal latitude and longitude. The program reads a data file based on the rectangular coordinates and automatically forms the new data file. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894070","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., 1989, A computer program for converting rectangular coordinates to latitude-longitude coordinates: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4070, iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894070.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58326,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b09b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29211,"text":"wri874211 - 1989 - Estimation of hydraulic characteristics of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers at East Meadow, New York, by use of aquifer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri874211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4211","title":"Estimation of hydraulic characteristics of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers at East Meadow, New York, by use of aquifer tests","docAbstract":"Drawdown and recovery data from two aquifer tests in central Nassau County, NY were used to calculate aquifer characteristics by several methods to aid in predicting the response of the aquifer system to stress. The first test, on May 12, 1978, entailed pumping the Magothy aquifer for 12 hours; the second on July 30-31, 1985, entailed pumping the upper glacial aquifer for 24 hours. Drawdown and recovery data from both tests were analyzed through analytical solutions and curve-matching procedures, and the resulting hydraulic values were used as initial values in a finite-element radial-flow numerical model to simulate the observed drawdowns and recoveries. Storativity values obtained by all methods were consistent with published estimates; but hydraulic conductivity values were higher than published estimates. The simple analytical solutions and curve-matching procedures gave reasonable values of most terms quickly, but the greatest confidence is in the estimates made with the finite-element model. These estimates for the Magothy aquifer were: horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 100 ft/d; ratio of horizontal to vertical conductivity, 5; and specific storage, 0.0001. Estimates for the upper glacial aquifer were: horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 380 ft/d; ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, 2.5; and specific yield, 0.15. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874211","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., and Schneider, B., 1989, Estimation of hydraulic characteristics of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers at East Meadow, New York, by use of aquifer tests: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4211, vi, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874211.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4211/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58067,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, K. R.","contributorId":7328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, B.J.","contributorId":93539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29060,"text":"wri884139 - 1989 - Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri884139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4139","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83","docAbstract":"The groundwater system at Anchorage, Alaska was analyzed by using a two-layer three-dimensional mathematical model. By use of existing data, both nonpumping and pumping steady-state conditions and transient conditions were simulated. Under steady-state conditions, calculated directions of groundwater flow were similar to observed flow patterns, and calculated stream discharges generally were within 10% of observed values. However, in many parts of the modeled area computed hydraulic head values were more than 20 ft higher or lower than observed values. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are the most sensitive hydraulic parameters under steady-state conditions. Under steady-state conditions, a pumping rate of 18.8 Mgal/d lowers heads in the confined aquifer by as much as 30 ft, but reduces streamflow by less than 5%. Transient conditions show that drawndowns due to withdrawals by production wells follow similar patterns of nearby observation wells. On the basis of analytical techniques, the confining layer does not appear to hold significant quantities of water. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri884139","usgsCitation":"Patrick, L., Brabets, T.P., and Glass, R.L., 1989, Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4139, v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884139.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64852f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Leslie","contributorId":36136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glass, R. L.","contributorId":80279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25518,"text":"wri894104 - 1989 - Geochemistry of soils and shallow ground water, with emphasis on arsenic and selenium, in part of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota, 1985-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:43:07","indexId":"wri894104","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4104","title":"Geochemistry of soils and shallow ground water, with emphasis on arsenic and selenium, in part of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota, 1985-87","docAbstract":"<p>The Garrison Diversion Unit is being constructed to transfer water from the Missouri River (Lake Sakakawea) to areas in east-central and southeastern North Dakota for expanded irrigation of agricultural lands. During initial investigations of irrigation return flows in 1969-76, the potential effects of toxic elements were considered, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation concluded these elements would have no adverse effects on streams receiving return flows. After the development of problems associated with selenium in irrigation return flows in the western San Joaquin Valley, Calif., in 1985, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation initiated additional studies, including an investigation conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, to assist in collecting and evaluating trace-element data. Also, in 1986, with the passage of the Garrison Diversion Unit Reformulation Act, Congress mandated that soil surveys be conducted to determine if there are \"*** soil characteristics which might result in toxic or hazardous irrigation return flows.\"</p><p>In order to address this issue, an investigation was conducted during 1995-87 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to determine the occurrence and distribution of arsenic, selenium, and other trace elements in the soils of six potential irrigation areas along the Garrison Diversion Unit route and in the James River basin. A total of 165 soil samples were collected and analyzed for total concentrations of as many as 42 elements, including arsenic and selenium. In addition, 81 of the samples were analyzed for water-extractable concentrations of 14 elements, including arsenic and selenium, to aid in determining the extent to which they might be mobilized by the irrigation water. In a detailed phase of the investigation, 376 water samples were collected in one of the six potential irrigation areas, the west Oakes irrigation area. Most of these samples were analyzed for arsenic, selenium, and as many as 28 other elements.</p><p>Results of the investigation indicate that soils in the potential irrigation areas contain small concentrations of arsenic, selenium, and other trace elements. The geometric mean concentrations of total arsenic and selenium were 4.15 and 0.13 milligrams per kilogram, respectively, which&nbsp;are considerably smaller than those measured in the western San Joaquin Valley, Calif., and soils from other areas in the western United States. Water-extractable concentrations of arsenic and selenium, determined on 1:5 soil to water extractions, generally were less than 10 percent of the total concentrations. The geometric mean water-extractable concentrations for both elements were 0.02 milligram per kilogram or less.</p><p>The median and maximum concentrations of all constituents and properties indicative of irrigation drainage were tens to hundreds of times smaller in the Oakes test area drains than in western San Joaquin Valley drains. The maximum arsenic concentration in ground-water samples was 44 micrograms per liter, and the median concentration was 4 micrograms per liter. The maximum concentration in drain samples was 11 micrograms per liter, and the median concentration was 3 micrograms per liter.</p><p>Only 22 percent of the water samples collected from wells in the Oakes test area contained detectable concentrations (1 microgram per liter or more) of selenium. However, selenium was detected in 63 percent of the samples collected from sites on drains. The greater incidence of detection of selenium in the drain samples is interpreted as an effect of the more oxidizing environment of the drains, which are about 8 feet below land surface near the top of the water table. The median selenium concentration in the drain samples, however, was only 1 microgram per liter, and the maximum concentration in 63 drain samples was 4 micrograms per liter. For comparison, the median selenium concentrations reported for drains in the western San Joaquin Valley, Calif., ranged from 84 to 320 micrograms per liter. Mater from two observation wells had the largest selenium concentrations (8 and 9 micrograms per liter) measured during the investigation. These were the only two samples that exceeded any of the water-quality regulations, standards, or criteria for selenium. </p><p>Mercury and boron were the only other trace elements that exceeded standards and criteria. The median concentration of mercury was less than 0.1 microgram per liter, and the maximum concentration was 0.8 microgram per liter. The chronic freshwater-aquatic-life criterion for mercury (0.012 microgram per liter) is about 10 times less than the laboratory detection limit and is derived from bioconcentration factors based on methylmercury. Two boron samples exceeded the irrigation criteria of 750 micrograms per liter. Comparisons with criteria and standards indicate that the concentrations of trace elements determined in samples from wells and drains in the Oakes test area during this investigation should not adversely affect human and aquatic life or irrigated crops. </p><p>The data collected indicate that the soils and ground water in the Garrison Diversion Unit contain small concentrations of trace elements, including arsenic and selenium. Based on a detailed study of soils and ground water in the west Oakes irrigation area, however, there is no evidence that expanded irrigation will mobilize these elements in concentrations large enough to adversely affect aquatic life in the James River ecosystem, based on current regulations, standards, and criteria. Data are not currently available to make definitive statements about selenium concentrations in ground water in Garrison Diversion Unit irrigation areas other than the west&nbsp;Oakes Irrigation area. Data available on total and water-extractable selenium concentrations in soils t however, indicate that concentrations in ground water would be similar to those determined in the west Oakes irrigation area. Plans have been developed to sample ground water in the additional areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894104","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Severson, R.C., Wilson, S., and Webber, K., 1989, Geochemistry of soils and shallow ground water, with emphasis on arsenic and selenium, in part of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota, 1985-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4104, viii, 132 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894104.","productDescription":"viii, 132 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4104/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa69c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, S. A. 0000-0002-9468-0005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":23561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webber, Kurt","contributorId":15660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26898,"text":"wri894100 - 1989 - Geohydrology, simulation of ground-water flow, and ground-water quality at two landfills, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T08:14:13","indexId":"wri894100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4100","title":"Geohydrology, simulation of ground-water flow, and ground-water quality at two landfills, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected at the Julietta and Tibbs-Banta landfills in Marion County. Both landfills were closed in the mid-1970's, and sewage sludge mixed with dirt was spread on the landfills in the mid-1980's as part of a revegetation project.</p>\n<p>The landfills were constructed in unconsolidated glacial sediments that consist of sand, gravel, silt, and clay. The maximum thickness of the sediments is 180 feet at Julietta and 100 feet at Tibbs-Banta. Both landfills are underlain by sand and gravel aquifers and are adjacent to gaining streams. Ground water flows toward and into the streams at each study area. Two sand and gravel aquifers were mapped at Julietta and four were mapped at TibbsBanta. The aquifers are separated in places by discontinuous clay layers.</p>\n<p>Ground-water-flow models, calibrated to simulate steady-state low-flow conditions, indicate that about 19,000 gallons of water per day move through the refuse at Julietta and 42,000 gallons per day move through the refuse at Tibbs-Banta. The Julietta model also indicates that recharge through the surface of the landfill is less than in the surrounding natural areas, probably because of the addition and compaction of the sludge/soil mixture.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of dissolved inorganic substances in ground-water samples indicate that leachate from both landfills is reaching the shallow aquifers. The effect on deeper aquifers is small because of the predominance of horizontal ground-water flow and discharge to the streams. Increases in almost all dissolved constituents were observed in shallow wells that are screened beneath and downgradient from the landfills. Several analyses, especially those for bromide, dissolved solids, and ammonia, were useful in delineating the plume of leachate at both landfills.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri894100","collaboration":"City of Indianapolis, Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R., and Greeman, T., 1989, Geohydrology, simulation of ground-water flow, and ground-water quality at two landfills, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4100, viii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894100.","productDescription":"viii, 135 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"143","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, R.F.","contributorId":28250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greeman, T. K.","contributorId":58275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeman","given":"T. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16412,"text":"ofr8963 - 1989 - Water-quality data for selected wells and drains in the Oakes study area, south-central North Dakota, December 1986 through September 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T16:48:59","indexId":"ofr8963","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-63","title":"Water-quality data for selected wells and drains in the Oakes study area, south-central North Dakota, December 1986 through September 1987","docAbstract":"<p>Operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit in North Dakota will divert water from the Missouri River near Lake Audubon into the upper James River basin (fig. 1). The diverted water will augment flows in the James River sufficiently to permit expanded irrigation and to provide additional water supplies for municipal and industrial use. The proposed Garrison Diversion Unit development and associated expanded irrigation has caused environmental concerns regarding potential mobilization, transport, and concentration of potentially toxic trace elements. In order to address'these concerns, a study of trace elements was made cooperatively by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Geological Survey during 1986-88. The traceelement study area consists of approximately 130,000 acres and includes the Turtle Lake, Lincoln Valley, Harvey, New Rockford, LaMoure, and Oakes areas. As part of this study, Severson and others (1988) reported on the baseline geochemistry of soils, with special emphasis on selenium, for an irrigation test area of about 15 square miles near Oakes, N.Dak. This report presents the water-quality data collected during December 1986 through September 1987 from selected wells and drain sites in the Oakes study area. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8963","usgsCitation":"Wald, J.D., Helgesen, C., and Pokladnik, M., 1989, Water-quality data for selected wells and drains in the Oakes study area, south-central North Dakota, December 1986 through September 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-63, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8963.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0063/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45378,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, James D.","contributorId":64263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helgesen, C.S.","contributorId":29834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pokladnik, M.C.","contributorId":51762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pokladnik","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30620,"text":"wri884044 - 1989 - Salinity and flow relations and effects of reduced flow in the Chassahowitzka River and Homosassa River estuaries, southwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"wri884044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4044","title":"Salinity and flow relations and effects of reduced flow in the Chassahowitzka River and Homosassa River estuaries, southwest Florida","docAbstract":"The Chassahowitzka and Homosassa Rivers Florida, are spring-fed streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico that may be affected by future development of groundwaters. Reduction of streamflow may cause an upstream movement of saltwater in the rivers. Data on flow, tide, and salinity define the physical characteristics of both estuaries. Vertical and longitudinal salinity profiles indicate that the estuaries are reasonably well mixed for the streamflow and high-tide conditions observed during the study. Estimates of the daily maximum upstream locations of the vertically averaged 3-ppt and 5-ppt salinities in the Chassahowitzka River and the vertically averaged 2-ppt and 5-ppt salinities in the Homosassa River are described by multiple linear regression analysis using daily mean streamflow of each river and high-tide stage of the gulf. For the vertically averaged 3-ppt and 2-ppt salinities, the square of the correlation coefficient for the predictive equations ranged from 0.77 to 0.85. For the vertically averaged 5-ppt salinities, the square of the correlation coefficient for the predictive equations ranged from 0.73 to 0.88. Upstream movement of salt-water due to pumping 40 million gal/day from a well field near the headwater springs of the Chassahowitzka and Homosassa Rivers was determined. Pumping at this rate from the Chassahowitzka River would cause a 15% reduction of average spring flow, resulting in an upstream movement of both the vertically averaged 3-ppt and 5-ppt of about 0.3 mile. In the Homosassa River, pumping would cause a 13% reduction of average spring flow, resulting in an upstream movement of both the vertically averaged 2-ppt and 5-ppt salinities of about 0.1 mile. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884044","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., and Knochenmus, L.A., 1989, Salinity and flow relations and effects of reduced flow in the Chassahowitzka River and Homosassa River estuaries, southwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4044, iv, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884044.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59385,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa4c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knochenmus, L. A.","contributorId":60683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18305,"text":"ofr89598 - 1989 - Channel evolution of the Hatchie River near the U.S. Highway 51 crossing in Lauderdale and Tipton counties, West Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr89598","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-598","title":"Channel evolution of the Hatchie River near the U.S. Highway 51 crossing in Lauderdale and Tipton counties, West Tennessee","docAbstract":"An investigation was conducted to describe the channel cross-section evolution near the bridge crossing of the Hatchie River at U.S. Highway 51 in Lauderdale and Tipton Counties, in West Tennessee. The study also included velocity and discharge distributions near the bridge crossing, and definition of streamflow duration and flood frequencies at the bridge site and comparison of these statistics with flows prior to the bridge collapse. Cross-section measurements at the site indicated that the channel was widening at a rate of 0.8 ft/year from 1931 through about 1975. The channel bed was stable at an elevation of about 235 ft. Construction of a south bound bridge in 1974 and 1975 reduced the effective flow width from about 4,000 to about 1,000 ft. Data collected from 1975 to 1981 indicated that the channel bed degraded to an elevation of about 230 ft and the widening rate increased to about 4.5 ft/year. The channel bed returned to approximately the pre-construction elevation of 235 ft as channel width increased. The widening rate decreased to about 1.8 ft/year from 1981 through 1989. Channel-geometry data indicated that recent channel morphology changes along the toe of the right bank have resulted in continued bank undercutting and bank failure. Cross-section geometry and flow-velocity distributions from measurements made from April 6 through 10, 1989, indicate that there is a high-flow meander pattern through this river reach and that the bridges are located at the point where the current strikes the right bank. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89598","usgsCitation":"Bryan, B., 1989, Channel evolution of the Hatchie River near the U.S. Highway 51 crossing in Lauderdale and Tipton counties, West Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-598, viii, 59 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89598.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1094,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_89-598","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e4774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, B.A.","contributorId":95080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57449,"text":"wdrMS881 - 1989 - Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T14:05:07.296689","indexId":"wdrMS881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MS-88-1","title":"Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1988","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1988 water year for Mississippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains records of water discharge at 70 gaging stations; stage records for 19 of these gaging stations; stage only at 6 gaging stations; water quality for 11 streamflow gaging stations, 2 engaged stream sites, 3 precipitation quality stations, and 205 wells; and water levels for 498 observation wells. Also included are peak-discharge data for 55 crest-stage partial-record stations, discharge data at 5 flood hydrograph partial-record stations and 158 low-flow partial-record stations, and water quality data at 12 partial-record or miscellaneous sites and 26 short-term study sites. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 7-9. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Mississippi.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMS881","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Mississippi and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Tharpe, E., Plunkett, M., Morris, F., and Oakley, W.T., 1989, Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MS-88-1, viii, 428 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMS881.","productDescription":"viii, 428 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494300,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/ms-88-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174622,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/ms-88-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fccf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tharpe, E.J.","contributorId":57534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tharpe","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plunkett, M.L.","contributorId":82368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkett","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, F.","contributorId":17299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27470,"text":"wri894212 - 1989 - Effects of the 1986 drought on streamflow in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T20:31:29.970668","indexId":"wri894212","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4212","title":"Effects of the 1986 drought on streamflow in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>A severe drought in the Southeastern United States during 1986 resulted in the lowest flows of record for many streams. Minimum flows in many streams occurred in mid-summer, several months earlier in the year than the minimums that occurred during notable regional droughts of 1954 and 1981. Streamflow data for 370 continuous-record gaging stations in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and southern Virginia were analyzed to determine the severity and areal extent of this drought. Minimum average streamflows for periods of 1, 7, 30, 60, and 90 consecutive days were evaluated to estimate the frequency of recurrence of the 1986 drought and generalized areas of similar recurrence intervals were delineated for the 7-day and 30-day minimum average flows. Flows in parts of Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee receded to rates estimated to occur on the average of once in 50 to 100 years. A much larger area that extended from central Alabama to central North Carolina experienced flows with estimated recurrence intervals of 20 to 50 years.</p><p>In addition to the continuous-record station data, discharge measurements and observations of zero flow were made at 694 non-recording stream sites in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and eastern Tennessee during the 1986 drought. These measurements were used in conjunction with the continuous-record station flow data to estimate minimum 1986 drought flows at the non-recording sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Charleston District, Mobile District, Savannah District and Wilmington District; and the Tennessee Valley Authority","usgsCitation":"Hale, T.W., Hopkins, E.H., and Carter, R.F., 1989, Effects of the 1986 drought on streamflow in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4212, Report: iv, 102 p.; 2 Plates: 30.60 x 28.00 inches and 18.88 x 28.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894212.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 102 p.; 2 Plates: 30.60 x 28.00 inches and 18.88 x 28.90 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422851,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4212/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":422850,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4212/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":422849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157975,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4212/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.533012,35.787377],[-75.960069,36.495025],[-75.791637,36.082267],[-76.132005,36.287773],[-76.191715,36.107197],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.575936,36.006167],[-76.721445,36.147838],[-76.675462,36.266882],[-76.722996,36.066585],[-76.608052,35.936668],[-76.014685,35.960361],[-76.046813,35.717935],[-75.86042,35.978262],[-75.747225,35.610248],[-76.165392,35.328659],[-76.499251,35.381492],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.476706,35.511707],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-76.472273,35.294936],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.958465,35.047647],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.332044,34.970917],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.093349,35.048705],[-76.524199,34.615416],[-76.726969,34.69669],[-77.209161,34.605032],[-77.713322,34.294879],[-77.956881,33.87779],[-78.383964,33.901946],[-78.862931,33.705654],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-80.905378,32.051943],[-80.841913,32.002643],[-81.065255,31.877095],[-81.254218,31.55594],[-81.17831,31.52241],[-81.276862,31.254734],[-81.490586,30.984952],[-81.408484,30.977718],[-81.461065,30.753684],[-82.004973,30.791744],[-82.116385,30.367335],[-82.227254,30.561041],[-84.836324,30.710709],[-84.997628,30.971186],[-85.145835,31.000695],[-87.598928,30.997457],[-87.615367,30.837031],[-87.39643,30.617734],[-87.558097,30.274437],[-88.014572,30.222366],[-87.766626,30.262353],[-88.008396,30.684956],[-88.115432,30.35657],[-88.341345,30.38947],[-88.468879,31.930262],[-88.097888,34.892202],[-88.253825,34.995553],[-90.309297,34.995694],[-90.09061,35.118287],[-90.166594,35.274588],[-89.992975,35.560774],[-89.923161,35.514428],[-89.915491,35.754917],[-89.68182,35.88999],[-89.699677,36.230821],[-89.534507,36.261802],[-89.5391,36.498201],[-88.045304,36.504081],[-88.068208,36.659747],[-87.872062,36.665089],[-83.690714,36.582581],[-83.156696,36.742187],[-81.968297,37.537798],[-81.695113,37.21357],[-81.367052,37.334504],[-81.225104,37.234874],[-80.947896,37.295872],[-80.865174,37.416996],[-80.332038,37.493744],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-79.291813,38.419627],[-79.023053,38.798613],[-78.869276,38.762991],[-78.439429,39.132146],[-78.346718,39.427618],[-77.828157,39.132329],[-77.6059,39.303688],[-77.46021,39.228359],[-77.47701,39.100331],[-77.058254,38.880069],[-77.286202,38.347025],[-77.024866,38.386791],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.251358,37.833072],[-76.443254,37.652347],[-76.722156,37.83668],[-76.252415,37.447274],[-76.475927,37.250543],[-76.300352,37.00885],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.482407,36.917364],[-76.058154,36.916947],[-75.867044,36.550754]]],[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.523952,35.318198],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-75.982812,35.081513],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-75.242266,38.027209],[-75.962596,37.117535],[-75.981624,37.434116],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.242266,38.027209]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alabama\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6107d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, Timothy W.","contributorId":81947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, Evelyn H.","contributorId":59025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Evelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Robert F.","contributorId":82724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28392,"text":"wri894095 - 1989 - Peak-flow characteristics of small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri894095","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4095","title":"Peak-flow characteristics of small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah","docAbstract":"Designers and planners for local, State, and Federal agencies need up-to- date methods for determining peak-flow characteristics for urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah. This report summarizes methods used to develop equations that estimate peak-flows for small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front. Mathematical equations were developed that estimate peak flows for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, for small urban drainages. Data entry to the equations requires measurements of basin slope, size and percent impervious area. Rainfall and runoff data collected from eight urban drainages along the Wasatch Front from 1984-86, were used to calibrate a rainfall-runoff model called DR3M-II. Rainfall data collected from 1948-83 at the National Weather Service Salt Lake City Airport station provided additional long-term data to the calibrated models. Log Pearson fits made to the peak flow data were used to estimate the recurrence interval peaks for each basin. Paired stations on Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City were used to help determine the effects of intervening urban drainage on peaks of larger streams. In general, peaks on larger streams caused by snowmelt and peaks caused by rainfall (where urban areas may have a significant effect) did not occur simultaneously. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894095","usgsCitation":"Lindskov, K., and Thompson, K.R., 1989, Peak-flow characteristics of small urban drainages along the Wasatch Front, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4095, v, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894095.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57191,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindskov, K.L.","contributorId":91077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskov","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, K. R.","contributorId":92677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30554,"text":"wri884129 - 1989 - Cost-effectiveness of the streamflow-gaging program in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:11:57","indexId":"wri884129","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4129","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the streamflow-gaging program in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>A three-step analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the streamflow-gaging program in Minnesota is documented in this report.</p>\n<p>In the first step of the analysis, the data uses and funding sources were identified for the 96 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations operated in 1985. Nineteen sources of funding and 42 uses were identified for the data collected in this program. Two stations were identified as producing data no longer sufficiently needed to warrant continuing their operation. Three other stations were identified as having uses specific to short-term studies. One station was destroyed in 1985. It is recommended that the remaining 90 station be maintained in the program for the foreseeable future.</p>\n<p>In the second step, multiple-linear-regression analysis was investigated as a possible method for providing the data collected at 23 stations. The multiple-linear-regression method was not sufficiently accurate to provide the needed data, and it is recommended that the 23 stations remain in the program. It also is recommended that flow-routing methods be investigated to see if they could provide the needed data for stations on the Red Lake River, the upper Minnesota River, and on the Mississippi River in the Minneapolis-St Paul metropolitan area.</p>\n<p>In the third step, the cost-effectiveness of collecting data from 77 of the remaining 90 stations was determined for the open-water period, April 1 through October 30. Data for 13 stations are provided to the U.S. Geological Survey or are collected at fixed intervals and were, therefore, not used in the analysis. The average standard error per station for estimation of the streamflow records is about 24 percent for the statewide network, about 11 percent for the stations operated by the St. Paul field office, about 22 percent for the stations operated by the Grand Rapids field office, and about 37 percent for the stations operated by the Montevideo field office.</p>\n<p>The current policy for collecting data from the 77 stations during the open-water period cost $198,000 in 1985. The estimated average standard error per station for the statewide network could be reduced from 24.4 percent to 20.6 percent at the $198,000 budget, if the minimum number of discharge measurements at each station were reduced from five to three during the open-water period and the remaining budget were used to make additional discharge measurements at stations with large standard errors.</p>\n<p>It is recommended that, before this data-collection plan is implemented, the effects of the plan on the cost of collecting data be evaluated for (1) possible increased lost record because of the data collection plan, and (2) the possible need for additional trips to visit noncontinuous-record stations. It also is recommended that the data-accuracy needs of the funding agencies be considered before the plan is implemented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri884129","usgsCitation":"Winterstein, T.A., and Arntson, A., 1989, Cost-effectiveness of the streamflow-gaging program in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4129, v, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884129.","productDescription":"v, 94 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4129/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59321,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4129/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":15638,"text":"ofr8932 - 1989 - Geologic and hydrologic data for the Rustler Formation near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr8932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-32","title":"Geologic and hydrologic data for the Rustler Formation near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is investigating the geohydrology in the vicinity of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico. Data presented were compiled in support of a regional groundwater flow model. The data include water level measurements obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey 's Groundwater Site-Inventory and OMNIANA data bases and stratigraphic information interpreted from commercial geophysical logs. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8932","usgsCitation":"Richey, S.F., 1989, Geologic and hydrologic data for the Rustler Formation near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, southeastern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-32, iii, 72 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8932.","productDescription":"iii, 72 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44602,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a53f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richey, Steven F.","contributorId":50511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55921,"text":"wdrNV871 - 1989 - Water resources data, Nevada, water year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-22T13:37:07.369373","indexId":"wdrNV871","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NV-87-1","title":"Water resources data, Nevada, water year 1987","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data published herein for the 1987 water year comprise the following records: Water discharge for 86 gaging stations on streams, canals, and drains.; Discharge data for 144 peak-flow stations and miscellaneous sites, and 35 springs.; Stage and contents for 14 lakes and reservoirs.; Water levels for 304 observation wells. .; Water-quality data for 29 stream, canal, and drain sites, and 5 wells.; Precipitation totals for 12 stations.</p><p>Additional water data, collected at various sites that are not part of the systematic data-collection program, are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Nevada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNV871","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with several Federal, State, and local agencies.","usgsCitation":"Pupacko, A., La Camera, R., Riek, M., and Swartwood, J., 1989, Water resources data, Nevada, water year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NV-87-1, vi, 250 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNV871.","productDescription":"vi, 250 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484816,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/nv-87-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/nv-87-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":14259,"text":"ofr89401 - 1989 - Compilation of geohydrologic data collected as part of the areal appraisal of ground-water resources near Branson, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr89401","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-401","title":"Compilation of geohydrologic data collected as part of the areal appraisal of ground-water resources near Branson, Missouri","docAbstract":"A rapidly developing retirement community and tourist industry in the Branson, Missouri area has created an increased demand for potable water, especially in the summer months. The rapid pace of residential and business expansion has created concerns regarding the future groundwater availability and quality. Water levels measured in the Ozark aquifer during the summer of 1988 and March 1989 show water levels increasing in 22 wells, decreasing in 2 wells, and remaining the same in 1 well. The water level increases ranged from 1 to 111 ft. These measurements and similar measurements during the summer of 1989 will be used to calibrate a three-dimensional model of groundwater flow in the Branson area and estimate the long-term effect of large groundwater withdrawals during the summer tourist season. A reconnaissance of water quality in 34 wells that are open to the Ozark aquifer shows specific conductance ranging from 347 to 841 microsiemens/cm at 25 C and no fecal coliform bacteria present in any well. Chloride and nitrate concentrations in all wells were well below the Missouri Department of Natural Resources recommended maximum concentrations of 250 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. Analysis of 5 water samples for 33 volatile organic compounds failed to detect any concentrations in excess of the detection limits. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr89401","usgsCitation":"Imes, J., 1989, Compilation of geohydrologic data collected as part of the areal appraisal of ground-water resources near Branson, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-401, v, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89401.","productDescription":"v, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0401/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0401/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a984e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imes, J. L.","contributorId":61428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12576,"text":"ofr89384 - 1989 - Mineralogy and grain size of surficial sediment from the Big Lost River drainage and vicinity, with chemical and physical characteristics of geologic materials from selected sites at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:49","indexId":"ofr89384","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-384","title":"Mineralogy and grain size of surficial sediment from the Big Lost River drainage and vicinity, with chemical and physical characteristics of geologic materials from selected sites at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey 's Idaho National Engineering Laboratory project office, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected 35 samples of surficial sediments from the Big Lost River drainage and vicinity from July 1987 through August 1988 for analysis of grain-size distribution, bulk mineralogy, and clay mineralogy. Samples were collected from 11 sites in the channel and 5 sites in overbank deposits of the Big Lost River, 6 sites in the spreading areas that receive excess flow from the Big Lost River during peak flow conditions, 7 sites in the natural sinks and playas of the Big Lost River, 1 site in the Little Lost River Sink, and 5 sites from other small, isolated closed basins. Eleven samples from the Big Lost River channel deposits had a mean of 1.9 and median of 0.8 weight percent in the less than 0.062 mm fraction. The other 24 samples had a mean of 63.3 and median of 63.7 weight percent for the same size fraction. Mineralogy data are consistent with grain-size data. The Big Lost River channel deposits had mean and median percent mineral abundances of total clays and detrital mica of 10 and 10%, respectively, whereas the remaining 24 samples had mean and median values of 24% and 22.5% , respectively. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89384","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Knobel, L., and Davis, L., 1989, Mineralogy and grain size of surficial sediment from the Big Lost River drainage and vicinity, with chemical and physical characteristics of geologic materials from selected sites at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-384, vi, 74 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89384.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0384/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40964,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0384/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, R. C.","contributorId":66271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knobel, L.L.","contributorId":83115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knobel","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, L.C.","contributorId":82291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28539,"text":"wri884171 - 1989 - Potential for saltwater intrusion into the Upper Floridan aquifer, Hernando and Manatee Counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T17:44:09.51239","indexId":"wri884171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4171","title":"Potential for saltwater intrusion into the Upper Floridan aquifer, Hernando and Manatee Counties, Florida","docAbstract":"Pumpage from the Upper Floridan aquifer has caused a lowering of the potentiometric surface and has increased potential for saltwater intrusion into the aquifer in coastal areas of west-central Florida. Groundwater withdrawals are likely to increase because of expected population growth, especially in coastal areas. To increase the understanding of the potential and mechanics of saltwater intrusion, two sites were selected for study. Data were collected at each site from a centrally located deep well, and digital models were developed to simulate groundwater flow and solute transport. The northern site is in Hernando County near the town of Aripeka. The test well in the area was drilled about 1 mile from the coast to a depth of 820 ft. Freshwater was present in the carbonate rock aquifer to a depth of about 500 ft and saltwater occurred from 560 ft to the base of the aquifer at about 750 ft. Between the freshwater and saltwater is the zone of transition, also referred to as the freshwater-saltwater interface. The southern site is in Manatee County near the town of Rubonia. Drilling of the test well was completed at 1,260 ft, just below the base of the Upper Floridan aquifer. The transition zone in this well occurs between 875 and 975 ft within a highly permeable zone. Digital simulations show flow patterns similar to the cyclic flow of seawater and interface theory. Simulations have shown that saltwater contamination of coastal wells would not be noticed as quickly as water-level declines resulting from inland pumpage. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884171","usgsCitation":"Mahon, G., 1989, Potential for saltwater intrusion into the Upper Floridan aquifer, Hernando and Manatee Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4171, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884171.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4171/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466123,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47075.htm","text":"Hernando County"},{"id":466124,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47076.htm","text":"Manatee 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G.L. 0000-0002-7410-0261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-0261","contributorId":28636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahon","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28423,"text":"wri884098 - 1989 - Preliminary hydrogeologic evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch region for underground high-level radioactive waste disposal, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:06:08.377081","indexId":"wri884098","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4098","title":"Preliminary hydrogeologic evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch region for underground high-level radioactive waste disposal, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio","docAbstract":"<p>Preliminary interpretation of available hydrogeologic data suggests that some areas underlying eastern Indiana, north-central Kentucky, and western Ohio might be worthy of further study regarding the disposal of high-level radioactive waste in Precambrian crystalline rocks buried beneath Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the area. The data indicate that (1) largest areas of deepest potential burial and thickest sedimentary rock cover occur in eastern Indiana; (2) highest concentrations of dissolved solids in the basal sandstone aquifer, suggesting the most restricted circulation, are found in the southern part of the area near the Kentucky-Ohio State line and in southeastern Indiana; (3) largest areas of lowest porosity in the basal sandstone aquifer, low porosity taken as an indicator of the lowest groundwater flow velocity and contaminant migration, are found in northeastern Indiana and northwestern Ohio, central and southeastern Indiana, and central Kentucky; (4) the thickest confining units that directly overlie the basal sandstone aquifer are found in central Kentucky and eastern Indiana where their thickness exceeds 500 ft; (5) steeply dipping faults that form potential hydraulic connections between crystalline rock, the basal sandstone aquifer, and the freshwater circulation system occur on the boundaries of the study area mainly in central Kentucky and central Indiana. Collectively, these data indicate that the hydrogeology of the sedimentary rocks in the western part of the study area is more favorably suited than that in the remainder of the area for the application of the buried crystalline-rock concept.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884098","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, O., and Davis, R.W., 1989, Preliminary hydrogeologic evaluation of the Cincinnati Arch region for underground high-level radioactive waste disposal, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4098, Report: iv, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 19.79 × 33.65 inches and 24.14 × 25.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884098.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 19.79 × 33.65 inches and 24.14 × 25.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57225,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57224,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396291,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47018.htm"},{"id":57226,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cincinnati Arch region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.923828125,\n              37.49229399862877\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94677734375,\n              37.49229399862877\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94677734375,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.923828125,\n              41.78769700539063\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.923828125,\n              37.49229399862877\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, O. B.","contributorId":75189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"O. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R. W.","contributorId":93459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44834,"text":"wri884218 - 1989 - Precipitation, streamflow, and base flow in west-central Texas, December 1974 through March 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:43:00","indexId":"wri884218","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4218","title":"Precipitation, streamflow, and base flow in west-central Texas, December 1974 through March 1977","docAbstract":"<p>Precipitation, streamflow, and base-flow data were analyzed for December 1974 through March 1977 as a part of the Edwards-Trinity Regional Aquifer-System Analysis in west-central Texas. The period of record analyzed corresponds to the calibrating period of a digital groundwater-flow model of the aquifer system currently (1988) being developed. Precipitation at individual stations ranged from 6 to 45 in/yr. Precipitation normally (1951-80) ranged from 10 to 32 in/year from east to west in the study area. Precipitation was near normal over most of the area and above normal in the southeastern part of the study area. Streamflow ranged from less than 1 in/year in the western part of the study area to 13 in/yr in the southeastern part. Streamflow was 8 in/yr above normal in the southeast. Base flow ranged from less than 0.1 in/yr in the western part of the study area to 6 in/yr in the southeastern part. (USGS)</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri884218","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., 1989, Precipitation, streamflow, and base flow in west-central Texas, December 1974 through March 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4218, 2 Sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884218.","productDescription":"2 Sheets","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":82191,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4218/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4218/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39648,"text":"pp1403I - 1989 - Geochemistry of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T18:52:27.70877","indexId":"pp1403I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"I","title":"Geochemistry of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama","docAbstract":"The chemical quality of the ground water in the Floridan aquifer system is determined primarily by mineral-water interaction. However, some changes in water quality have been imposed by development, particularly near coastal pumping centers. A total of 601 chemical analyses, all from different wells, most completed in the upper part of the aquifer system, were used to describe the variations in water chemistry and to study the processes responsible for observed changes. \r\n\r\nThe Floridan aquifer system is a vertically continuous sequence of Tertiary carbonate rocks that are of generally high permeability and are hydraulically connected in varying degrees. The rocks are principally limestone and dolomite, but they grade into limy sands and clays near the aquifer system's updip limits. Major minerals in the aquifer system are calcite, dolomite, and, locally, gypsum or quartz; minor minerals include apatite, glauconite, and clay minerals such as kaolinite and montmorillonite. Trace amounts of metallic oxides or sulfides are present in some areas. \r\n\r\nThe aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, separated in most places by a less permeable confining unit that has highly variable hydraulic properties. Only the Upper Floridan aquifer is present throughout the study area. Freshwater enters the aquifer system in outcrop areas located primarily in central Georgia and north-central Florida. Discharge occurs chiefly to streams and springs and, to a lesser extent, directly into the sea. Most of the flow into and out of the system takes place where it is unconfined or where the upper confining unit is thin. Secondary permeability developed by dissolution of aquifer material is most prominent in these areas of dynamic flow. \r\n\r\nDissolved-solids concentrations in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer generally range from less than 25 milligrams per liter near outcrops to more than 25,000 milligrams per liter along the coasts. The dominant cations in the ground water are Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+; the dominant anions are HCO3-, Cl-, and SO42-, The concentration of Ca2+ is controlled primarily by calcite saturation. Concentrations of Mg2+, NA+, and Cl- are highest where mixing of freshwater and saltwater occurs. Concentrations of HCO3- reflect the control of calcite solubility. The concentration of SO42- is highest where gypsiferous rock units are present in the aquifer system. \r\n\r\nThe major geochemical processes that occur in the Upper Floridan aquifer, based on water-quality maps and computations using a geochemical model, are (1) dissolution of aquifer minerals toward equilibrium, (2) mixing of ground water with recharge, leakage, or seawater, (3) sulfate reduction, and (4) cation exchange between water and aquifer minerals. \r\n\r\nSimilar processes apparently control minor dissolved constituents, although quantification is difficult with the available data. Statistical tests of available nutrient data indicate that concentrations of N (nitrogen) species in unconfined recharge areas may be increasing over time; more detailed studies of all N species are needed to test this hypothesis, however. Data on trace metals, radionuclides, and man-made organic contaminants are limited. Available data indicate that most freshwater within the Upper Floridan is potable, but detection of pesticides in a few samples indicates that the system is susceptible to contamination from the land surface in some areas, particularly where its upper confining unit is thin or absent. \r\n\r\nGeochemical models were used to examine changes in major chemical elements along selected ground-water paths within the Upper Floridan aquifer. Water in the Upper Floridan aquifer can be categorized into four hydrochemical facies, whose exact distribution is determined by confined or unconfined conditions of the aquifer and by chloride concentrations. The reaction models are considered plausible based on available chemical, isotopic, and hydrologic information, and they","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1403I","usgsCitation":"Geochemistry of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama; 1989; PP; 1403-I; Sprinkle, Craig L.","productDescription":"Report: 105 p.; 9 Plates: 21.00 x 26.30 inches or smaller; Database","numberOfPages":"105","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":67334,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67325,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"1.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67326,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"1.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67330,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","size":"1.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67331,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67332,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-8.pdf","text":"Plate 8","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67333,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-9.pdf","text":"Plate 9","size":"1.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67328,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"1.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67327,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"1.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104625,"rank":12,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4840.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4840"},{"id":484733,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4840.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":67329,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403i/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"1.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.97973632812499,\n              24.577099744289427\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              24.457150524185852\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.090087890625,\n              24.686952411999155\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.43090820312499,\n              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Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"1989-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprinkle, Craig L.","contributorId":41802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprinkle","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}