Successful eutrophication control strategies need to address the limiting nutrient. We conducted a battery of laboratory and in situ nutrient-limitation tests with waters collected from 9 streams in an agricultural region of the upper Snake River basin, Idaho, USA. Laboratory tests used the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, the macrophyte Lemna minor (duckweed) with native epiphytes, and in situ nutrient-limitation tests of periphyton were conducted with nutrient-diffusing substrates (NDS). In the duckweed/epiphyte test, P saturation occurred when concentrations reached about 100 μg/L. Chlorophyll a in epiphytic periphyton was stimulated at low P additions and by about 100 μg/L P, epiphytic periphyton chlorophyll a appeared to be P saturated. Both duckweed and epiphyte response patterns with total N were weaker but suggested a growth stimulation threshold for duckweed when total N concentrations exceeded about 300 μg/L and approached saturation at the highest N concentration tested, 1300 μg/L. Nutrient uptake by epiphytes and macrophytes removed up to 70 and 90% of the N and P, respectively. The green algae and the NDS nutrient-limitation test results were mostly congruent; N and P co-limitation was the most frequent result for both test series. Across all tests, when N:P molar ratios >30 (mass ratios >14), algae or macrophyte growth was P limited; N limitation was observed at N:P molar ratios up to 23 (mass ratios up to 10). A comparison of ambient periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations with chlorophyll a accrued on control artificial substrates in N-limited streams, suggests that total N concentrations associated with a periphyton chlorophyll a benchmark for desirable or undesirable conditions for recreation would be about 600 to 1000 μg/L total N, respectively. For P-limited streams, the corresponding benchmark concentrations were about 50 to 90 μg/L total P, respectively. Our approach of integrating controlled experiments and matched biomonitoring field surveys was cost effective and more informative than either approach alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0252904","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., Ray, A.M., and Marcarelli, A.M., 2021, Nutrient limitation of algae and macrophytes in streams: Integrating laboratory bioassays, field experiments, and field data: PLoS ONE, v. 16, no. 6, e0252904, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252904.","productDescription":"e0252904, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127847","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252904","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Big Cottonwood Creek, Stalker Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.98040771484375,\n 42.176126260952934\n ],\n [\n -113.76480102539062,\n 42.176126260952934\n ],\n [\n -113.76480102539062,\n 42.33063116562984\n ],\n [\n -113.98040771484375,\n 42.33063116562984\n ],\n [\n -113.98040771484375,\n 42.176126260952934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.16468620300293,\n 43.311127198613335\n ],\n [\n -114.15696144104004,\n 43.320744323395154\n ],\n [\n -114.16399955749512,\n 43.32218051659263\n ],\n [\n -114.17404174804688,\n 43.31118965238512\n ],\n [\n -114.18365478515625,\n 43.316560436671395\n ],\n [\n -114.19017791748047,\n 43.32823713177707\n ],\n [\n -114.20339584350586,\n 43.34365692013493\n ],\n [\n -114.21223640441895,\n 43.33966188522517\n ],\n [\n -114.20125007629395,\n 43.328986361785745\n ],\n [\n -114.18837547302246,\n 43.313625299426235\n ],\n [\n -114.18022155761719,\n 43.307005107782196\n ],\n [\n -114.17326927185059,\n 43.306755275110774\n ],\n [\n -114.16468620300293,\n 43.311127198613335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ray, Andrew M.","contributorId":167601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marcarelli, Amy M 0000-0002-4175-9211","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-9211","contributorId":257363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcarelli","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221662,"text":"70221662 - 2021 - Land-based sediment sources and transport to southwest Puerto Rico coral reefs after Hurricane Maria, May 2017 to June 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-28T13:22:06.601915","indexId":"70221662","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-18T08:16:30","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land-based sediment sources and transport to southwest Puerto Rico coral reefs after Hurricane Maria, May 2017 to June 2018","docAbstract":"The effects of runoff from land on nearshore ecosystems, including coral reef communities, are influenced by both sediment supply and removal by coastal processes. Integrated studies across the land-sea interface describing sources and transport of terrestrial sediment and its nearshore fate allow reef protection initiatives to target key onshore and offshore areas. Geochemical signatures in the fine fraction of terrestrial sediment from watersheds in southwest Puerto Rico were determined by multivariate principal component analysis and used to identify terrestrial sources of sediment runoff to nearshore coral reefs. Sediment settling out of suspension at reefs was collected at approximately 2 month-long intervals in bottom-mounted sediment traps from May 2017 to June 2018, a period that included Hurricanes Irma and Maria. Bulk sediment accumulation rates in traps exceeded a 10 mg/cm2/d threshold found to stress corals at 5 of 7 reef sites throughout the 13 month-long study. Geochemical signatures showed that watersheds 10s km to the east were a predominant, year-round source of fine sediment to reefs offshore of Guánica Bay and could have introduced sediment-bound contaminants due to a higher degree of industrialization and urbanization than the local watershed. Sediment runoff from the local watershed appeared to be constrained to a narrow band close to shore. During the 2.5 months after Hurricanes Irma and Maria, bulk sediment accumulation rates increased substantially and fine sediment geochemical signatures were indicative of predominantly distal sources, except outside of the mouth of Guánica Bay, which was strongly impacted by local runoff. Mass wasting, sediment runoff, and coastal turbidity persisted for months after Hurricane Maria and could account for the appearance of a small fraction of geochemical variance from a distal sediment source that appeared in reef traps 4 months post-hurricane and persisted through the end of the study 9 months post-hurricane. Sediment geochemical sourcing in temporally resolved records from sediment traps showed how landscape-scale changes after a major hurricane affected both near-term and long-term sediment delivery to reef communities. In addition, the importance of fine sediment advection from distal sources indicates that successful reduction of land-based pressures on nearshore ecosystems will require cross-jurisdictional strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107476","usgsCitation":"Takesue, R.K., Sherman, C.E., Reyes, A.O., Cheriton, O.M., Ramirez, N.I., Viqueira Rios, R., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2021, Land-based sediment sources and transport to southwest Puerto Rico coral reefs after Hurricane Maria, May 2017 to June 2018: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 259, 107476, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107476.","productDescription":"107476, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113468","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107476","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.16354370117188,\n 17.770920015568638\n ],\n [\n -66.1761474609375,\n 17.770920015568638\n ],\n [\n -66.1761474609375,\n 18.135411517108345\n ],\n [\n -67.16354370117188,\n 18.135411517108345\n ],\n [\n -67.16354370117188,\n 17.770920015568638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takesue, Renee K. 0000-0003-1205-0825 rtakesue@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0825","contributorId":2159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takesue","given":"Renee","email":"rtakesue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherman, Clark E. 0000-0003-0758-7900","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0758-7900","contributorId":259180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherman","given":"Clark","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":34129,"text":"University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reyes, Aaron O.","contributorId":260655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reyes","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":52630,"text":"Westfield State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheriton, Olivia M. 0000-0003-3011-9136","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":204459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"Olivia","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramirez, Natalia I.","contributorId":260656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":52631,"text":"University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Viqueira Rios, Roberto","contributorId":260657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viqueira Rios","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52632,"text":"Protectores de Cuencas, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":213610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70230947,"text":"70230947 - 2021 - Regional occurrence of aqueous tungsten and relations with antimony, arsenic and molybdenum concentrations (Sardinia, Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-29T12:18:41.756084","indexId":"70230947","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-18T07:15:29","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional occurrence of aqueous tungsten and relations with antimony, arsenic and molybdenum concentrations (Sardinia, Italy)","docAbstract":"Tungsten (W) is rarely found in natural waters, yet it can be introduced into the food chain and cause potentially toxic effects. Uptake of W by plants and vegetables, or trace presence of W in drinking water are possible vectors for ingestion of W by humans. The latter is recognized as a possible cause of lymphatic leukemia. Increased uses of W might result in a degradation of water resources, with attendant adverse effects on biota and human health. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating regional occurrence and speciation of W in aquatic systems in Sardinia, Italy, factors affecting W mobility and possible relations with other oxyanion-forming trace elements such as Sb, As and Mo. Although our results are specifically from Sardinia, the implications are broader and should prompt future studies in other areas with known high W concentrations.
A total of 350 sample sites are reported here, including surface waters, groundwaters, mine drainages, thermal waters and local seawater. The waters were analyzed for major and trace components, including W, Sb, As and Mo. The waters showed a variety of major chemical compositions and W concentrations. High concentrations of W were found in some mine waters and drainages from slag heaps, with W, Sb and As up to 140, 5000 and 800 μg L−1, respectively. The highest concentrations of W occurred under slightly alkaline pH and oxygenated conditions, and were likely due to the dissolution of scheelite [CaWO4] hosted in materials with which the water came into contact. High W concentrations also were observed in thermal waters, under alkaline pH and reducing conditions, and sometimes coincided with relatively high concentrations either of As or Mo.
Previous studies of W geochemistry have focused on WO42− as the major dissolved form of W. For this study, we have augmented the thermodynamic database in PHREEQC to include possible formation of many other W-bearing complexes gleaned from the literature. The results of the speciation calculations with the newly added complexation reactions shows that the neutral species CaWO4° and MgWO4° are particularly dominant in most W-bearing waters and lead to undersaturation with respect to scheelite and other W-bearing minerals.
Assessing W contamination in water systems and establishing W limits in drinking water may prevent potential adverse effects of W on human and ecosystem health.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2021.106846","usgsCitation":"Cidu, R., Biddau, R., Frau, F., Wanty, R., and Naitza, S., 2021, Regional occurrence of aqueous tungsten and relations with antimony, arsenic and molybdenum concentrations (Sardinia, Italy): Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 229, 106846, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2021.106846.","productDescription":"106846, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127822","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Sardinia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 7.943115234375001,\n 38.865374851611634\n ],\n [\n 9.920654296875,\n 38.865374851611634\n ],\n [\n 9.920654296875,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n 7.943115234375001,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n 7.943115234375001,\n 38.865374851611634\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"229","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cidu, Rosa","contributorId":290729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cidu","given":"Rosa","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biddau, Riccardo","contributorId":290730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biddau","given":"Riccardo","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frau, Franco","contributorId":290731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frau","given":"Franco","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wanty, Richard 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":209899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":841692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naitza, Stefano","contributorId":290732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naitza","given":"Stefano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70221492,"text":"70221492 - 2021 - Physiomorphic transformation in extreme endurance migrants: Revisiting the case of bar-tailed godwits preparing for trans-pacific flights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-18T20:44:34.055777","indexId":"70221492","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-17T15:40:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiomorphic transformation in extreme endurance migrants: Revisiting the case of bar-tailed godwits preparing for trans-pacific flights","docAbstract":"In a 1998 paper entitled “Guts don’t fly: small digestive organs in obese bar-tailed godwits,” Piersma and Gill (1998) showed that the digestive organs were tiny and the fat loads huge in individuals suspected of embarking on a non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand. It was suggested that prior to migratory departure, these godwits would shrink the digestive organs used during fuel deposition and boost the size and capacity of exercise organs to optimize flight performance. Here we document the verity of the proposed physiomorphic changes by comparing organ sizes and body composition of bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica baueri collected in modesty midway during their fueling period (mid-September; fueling, n = 7) with the previously published data for godwits that had just departed on their trans-Pacific flight (October 19; flying, n = 9). Mean total body masses for the two groups were nearly identical, but nearly half of the body mass of fueling godwits consisted of water, while fat constituted over half of total body mass of flying godwits. The two groups also differed in their fat-free mass components. The heart and flight muscles were heavier in fueling godwits, but these body components constituted a relatively greater fraction of the fat-free mass in flying godwits. In contrast, organs related to digestion and homeostasis were heavier in fueling godwits, and most of these organ groups were also relatively larger in fueling godwits compared to flying godwits. These results reflect the functional importance of organ and muscle groups related to energy acquisition in fueling godwits and the consequences of flight-related exertion in flying godwits. The extreme physiomorphic changes apparently occurred over a short time window (≤1 month). We conclude that the inferences made on the basis of the 1998 paper were correct. The cues and stimuli which moderate these changes remain to be studied.
Fate and transport modeling of water-borne contaminants is a data demanding and costly endeavor, requiring considerable expes such, it becomes important to know when a complex modeling approach is required, and when a simpler approach is adequate. This is the main objective herein, where a conservative mixing model is used to characterize the transport of As, Cu, Fe, and SO4. The study area is divided into three sectors, corresponding to the upstream, middle, and downstream portions of the Elqui River Basin, Chile. In Sector 1, acidic conditions result in the conservative transport of constituents that are sourced from acid rock drainage. In Sector 2, pH increases and transport is influenced by pH-dependent reactions and the subsequent settling of the particulate phase. In Sector 3, there are no additional constituent inputs, and the constituents are conservatively transported downstream. Conservative transport within Sector 3 is confirmed through the development of a regression model that provides monthly estimates of SO4 load. Whereas SO4 and Cu concentrations are adequately approximated by the conservative mixing model, estimates of As and Fe concentrations exhibit larger errors, due to the more reactive behavior of these constituents. The fact that the simple, conservative mixing model describes SO4 transport is a valuable result, as this constituent is known to be one of the primary indicators of mining-related contamination in rivers. The approach could also be a useful starting point for further evaluations of the effects of climate change and hydrological variability on the water quality of rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3823","usgsCitation":"Rossi, C., Oyarzun, J., Pasten, P., Runkel, R.L., Núñez, J., Duhalde, D., Maturana, H., Rojas, E., Arumí, J., Castillo, D., and Oyarzun, R., 2021, Assessment of a conservative mixing model for the evaluation of constituent behavior below river confluences, Elqui River Basin, Chile: River Research and Applications, v. 37, no. 7, p. 967-978, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3823.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"978","ipdsId":"IP-117538","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Elqui River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.4605712890625,\n -30.741835717889778\n ],\n [\n -68.8348388671875,\n -30.741835717889778\n ],\n [\n -68.8348388671875,\n -29.176145182559758\n ],\n [\n -71.4605712890625,\n -29.176145182559758\n ],\n [\n -71.4605712890625,\n -30.741835717889778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rossi, Catalina","contributorId":267243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossi","given":"Catalina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55453,"text":"U. La Serena","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oyarzun, Jorge","contributorId":267244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oyarzun","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55453,"text":"U. 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The only comprehensive surface water feature map of Alaska is the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). NHD features are often digitized representations of historic topographic map blue lines and may be outdated. Here we test deep learning methods to automatically extract surface water features from airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IfSAR) data to update and validate Alaska hydrographic databases. U-net artificial neural networks (ANN) and high-performance computing (HPC) are used for supervised hydrographic feature extraction within a study area comprised of 50 contiguous watersheds in Alaska. Surface water features derived from elevation through automated flow-routing and manual editing are used as training data. Model extensibility is tested with a series of 16 U-net models trained with increasing percentages of the study area, from about 3 to 35 percent. Hydrography is predicted by each of the models for all watersheds not used in training. Input raster layers are derived from digital terrain models, digital surface models, and intensity images from the IfSAR data. Results indicate about 15 percent of the study area is required to optimally train the ANN to extract hydrography when F1-scores for tested watersheds average between 66 and 68. Little benefit is gained by training beyond 15 percent of the study area. Fully connected hydrographic networks are generated for the U-net predictions using a novel approach that constrains a D-8 flow-routing approach to follow U-net predictions. This work demonstrates the ability of deep learning to derive surface water feature maps from complex terrain over a broad area.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs13122368","usgsCitation":"Stanislawski, L.V., Shavers, E.J., Wang, S., Jiang, Z., Usery, E., Moak, E., Duffy, A., and Schott, J., 2021, Extensibility of U-net neural network model for hydrographic feature extraction and implications for hydrologic modeling: Remote Sensing, v. 13, no. 12, 2368, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122368.","productDescription":"2368, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128026","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122368","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Shaowen","contributorId":198966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Shaowen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jiang, Zhe","contributorId":267317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Zhe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36730,"text":"University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":204684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E. Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moak, Evan","contributorId":331666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moak","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37501,"text":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duffy, Alexander","contributorId":331667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":37501,"text":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schott, Joel","contributorId":331668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schott","given":"Joel","affiliations":[{"id":37501,"text":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70221457,"text":"sir20215057 - 2021 - Bathymetry of New York City’s East of Hudson reservoirs and controlled lakes, 2017 to 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-17T10:15:19.443423","indexId":"sir20215057","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-16T15:05:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5057","displayTitle":"Bathymetry of New York City’s East of Hudson Reservoirs and Controlled Lakes, 2017 to 2019","title":"Bathymetry of New York City’s East of Hudson reservoirs and controlled lakes, 2017 to 2019","docAbstract":"New York City maintains an extensive system of reservoirs and aqueducts to provide drinking water to its residents, including 16 reservoirs and controlled lakes in Westchester and Putnam Counties in southern New York, east of the Hudson River (also called “East of Hudson reservoirs and controlled lakes”). These reservoirs were put into service from 1842 to 1915, and their capacities have likely changed since their original construction. To provide updated bathymetric surface, contour, and capacity data, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with New York City Department of Environmental Protection, surveyed the bathymetry of the 16 East of Hudson reservoirs and controlled lakes from 2017 to 2019 using a multibeam echosounder. The points measured with the multibeam echosounder were combined with light detection and ranging data to generate 3.28-foot raster grids of the bathymetric surfaces, bathymetric contours at 2-foot intervals of elevation, and elevation-area-capacity tables. The results of the bathymetric survey show that the East of Hudson reservoirs range from about 25 feet deep (Kirk Lake) to about 162 feet deep (Kensico Reservoir) and have a total capacity of 142.9 billion gallons, with a combined surface area of more than 11,600 acres.
The accuracy of the mapped bathymetric data was evaluated using quality assurance datasets collected with a single-beam echosounder; about 284,000 quality assurance points were spatially joined with the mapped raster surface to compute measurement errors. The calculated mean point elevation error for the East of Hudson reservoirs was 0.35 foot, the median error was 0.21 foot, and the 95-percent accuracy was 1.68 feet; the 95-percent accuracy of the computed capacity at spillway elevation was 1.6 percent or less. The largest errors occurred in the steepest areas of the reservoirs and in areas where the data were interpolated. Geospatial files of the bathymetry data, including mapped bathymetric surfaces, contours, and capacity tables, quality assurance points, and associated metadata are available for download as part of an accompanying U.S. Geological Survey data release.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., Huston, C.J., and Welk, R.J., 2021, Bathymetry of New York City’s East of Hudson reservoirs and controlled lakes, 2017 to 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5057, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215057.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 46 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-119563","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386538,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZZQ2OT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial bathymetry datasets for New York City's East of Hudson Reservoirs and Controlled Lakes"},{"id":386537,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5057/sir20215057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"30.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5057"},{"id":386536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5057/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.992919921875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -73.49853515625,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -73.49853515625,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -73.992919921875,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -73.992919921875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
The HANDLEY nuclear test was detonated at about 2,700 feet below the water table on March 26, 1970, in Pahute Mesa, south-central Nevada. Measured tritium concentrations in boreholes ER-20-12 and PM-3 indicate that a shallow tritium plume has migrated more than 1 mile (mi) downgradient from the HANDLEY test within a semi-perched aquifer and deeper tritium plumes have migrated 4.5 miles (mi) within underlying regional aquifers. Boreholes ER-20-12 and PM-3 are in an area of moderate-to-low transmissivity, but observation of tritium moving 4.5 mi within 40 years of the detonation indicates that high-transmissivity intervals exist. However, the location of these permeable pathways is unknown.
This report integrates geologic, hydrologic, and tritium data to infer the location of permeable pathways near and downgradient from the HANDLEY test. Numerical groundwater-flow and tritium-transport models were developed to estimate hydraulic and transport properties between the HANDLEY test and boreholes ER-20-12 and PM-3. Recharge, hydraulic-conductivity, specific-yield, specific-storage, and effective-porosity distributions were estimated with the numerical models by fitting simulated water-level altitudes, vertical-head differences, aquifer-test transmissivities, tritium concentrations, and drawdowns in wells PM-3-1 and PM-3-2 to measured equivalents. Drawdowns were estimated in wells PM-3-1 and PM-3-2 in response to groundwater withdrawals during the drilling of borehole ER-20-12. A modified hydrostratigraphic framework model (mHFM) was developed that incorporates hydrostratigraphic units (HSUs) from the Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley hydrostratigraphic framework model (PMOV HFM). HSUs in the mHFM were modified from the PMOV HFM by grouping HSUs that, conceptually, are hydraulically similar and splitting HSUs based on water-level, aquifer-test, and tritium data.
Shallow and deeper tritium plumes have migrated to borehole ER-20-12 from the HANDLEY test. The shallow plume migrated from the HANDLEY test through the Timber Mountain welded tuff aquifer, whereas the deeper plumes moved through the Belted Range aquifer (BRA) and modified pre-Belted Range lava flow aquifer (mPBRLFA). Simulated tritium concentrations indicate that the leading edges of tritium plumes reached borehole ER-20-12 by 1990. From 1970 to 2020, the simulated tritium load mostly occurs between borehole ER-20-12 and the HANDLEY test.
An unmapped permeable feature was simulated between borehole ER-20-12 and the downgradient Ribbon Cliff structural zone. This permeable feature hydraulically connects the BRA and mPBRLFA with the Tiva Canyon aquifer (TCA). The TCA is the most transmissive unit in the study area. Simulated tritium from the deeper plumes moves through the permeable feature downgradient from borehole ER-20-12 and then migrates toward well PM-3-1 through the TCA. The leading edge of the deeper simulated tritium plumes reaches well PM-3-1 by 2010.
The mHFM and PMOV HFM do not include a permeable HSU at the water table near borehole PM-3, which is necessary for numerical flow and transport models to match measured water levels, transmissivities, and tritium concentrations in well PM-3-2. Consistently higher measured tritium concentrations in shallow well PM-3-2, compared to deeper well PM-3-1, and a downward vertical gradient between these wells indicate that a permeable feature exists near the water table that causes faster tritium migration toward the shallow well. Reevaluation of the PMOV HFM and geologic investigations, such as drilling another well, are needed to more precisely understand the shallow permeable pathway from the Handley test to well PM-3-2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management, under Interagency Agreement DE-EM0004969","usgsCitation":"Jackson, T.R., 2021, Permeable groundwater pathways and tritium migration patterns from the HANDLEY underground nuclear test, Pahute Mesa, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5032, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215032.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 49 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120498","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5032/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386553,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5032/sir20215032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5032"},{"id":386554,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YRDQSN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release.","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-2005 and MT3DMS models and supplemental data used to simulate groundwater flow and tritium transport from the HANDLEY underground nuclear test, Pahute Mesa, southern Nevada"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pahute Mesa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -115.79589843749999,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -115.79589843749999,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 36.491973470593685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 89701
A description of historical and ambient water quality conditions is often required as part of navigational studies. This paper describes a series of tools developed by the USGS that can aid navigation managers in developing water quality assessments. The tools use R, a statistical software program, and provide methods to retrieve historical streamflow and water quality data, summarize observations, model concentrations and fluxes, and estimate seasonal, annual, and decadal trends. The utility of these tools is demonstrated by providing an analysis of the seasonal variability and long-term trends of nitrate plus nitrite, orthophosphate, and suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes at nine sites in the Mississippi River Basin. Trends in annual mean concentration and flux showed fairly stable nitrate plus nitrite at most of the nine sites, with increases in the Upper Mississippi and Missouri Rivers and decreases on the Illinois River over a 40-year period beginning in 1980. Orthophosphate concentration or flux increased at almost all sites over a similar time period. Conversely, a concurrent steady decline in suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes was noted at sites throughout the basin.
The flowing waters of surface rivers and streams efficiently transport sediment, organic material and nutrients, among other things, from hillsides and overland areas to downstream lakes, reservoirs and the ocean. Along the way, rivers and streams (hereafter referred to collectively as streams) provide important resources for our communities and support rich, complex ecosystems. Non-perennial streams, which do not flow year-round, are crucial in this context. However, because non-perennial streams are less reliable sources of surface water than perennial ones, they are less-well studied than their perennial counterparts. Writing in Nature, Messager et al.1 provide a much-needed estimate of the total proportion of the world’s stream network, by length, that is non-perennial — and find that most fall into this category.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/d41586-021-01528-4","usgsCitation":"Jaeger, K., 2021, Most rivers and streams run dry every year: Nature, v. 594, p. 335-336, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01528-4.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"336","ipdsId":"IP-129687","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"594","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaeger, Kristin 0000-0002-1209-8506 kjaeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-8506","contributorId":196686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Kristin","email":"kjaeger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221552,"text":"70221552 - 2021 - Evaluation of techniques for mitigating snowmelt infiltration-induced landsliding in a highway embankment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-22T11:58:55.208677","indexId":"70221552","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-16T06:53:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of techniques for mitigating snowmelt infiltration-induced landsliding in a highway embankment","docAbstract":"Infiltration-induced landslides threaten transportation infrastructure around the world, and impose both direct costs through repair and remediation work and indirect costs through lost economic activity. Therefore, finding the most cost-effective techniques to mitigate slope failures that can impact critical infrastructure links is desirable. The Straight Creek landslide, which affects a segment of Interstate 70 in Summit County, Colorado (USA), has experienced seasonal failure driven by rapid springtime snowmelt infiltration since the early 1970s, allowing changes in its stability to be studied. Past studies have established that seasonal failure is driven by pore-water pressure increase caused by the rapid infiltration of snowmelt and the hydraulic conductivity contrast between upper slope materials and the highway embankment. Two remediation designs have been applied to the site, including lightweight caissons beneath the highway surface in 2011 and 2012, and horizontal drains near the slide toe in 2012. The effects of the lightweight caissons and horizontal drains, as well as an alternative drain design that would extend into the hillslope above the highway embankment, are evaluated within a rigorous hydro-mechanical simulation framework along with a method to generate a field of local factor of safety. Model results show that the effect of the lightweight caissons on the factor of safety is no more than 1% during times of critical instability, as they do not affect the seasonal changes in hydrology that cause destabilizing decreases in effective stress along the failure surface. Horizontal drains are intended to reduce pore-water pressures, but the location of existing drains limit their efficacy due to the low hydraulic conductivity of subsurface materials underneath the highway. Model results indicate that these drains are only partially responsible for a reduction in movement rate since their installation, which is also due to lower annual cumulative snowmelt infiltration levels since 2012. Results also show that an alternative drain design could result in increased stability during critical periods by intercepting downslope subsurface flow before it arrives at the hydraulic conductivity contrast at the embankment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106240","usgsCitation":"Hinds, E., Lu, N., Mirus, B.B., Godt, J.W., and Wayllace, A., 2021, Evaluation of techniques for mitigating snowmelt infiltration-induced landsliding in a highway embankment: Engineering Geology, v. 291, 106240, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106240.","productDescription":"106240, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117388","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Straight Creek slide","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 39.75471275080197\n ],\n [\n -105.79147338867188,\n 39.75471275080197\n ],\n [\n -105.79147338867188,\n 39.930800820752765\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 39.930800820752765\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 39.75471275080197\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinds, Eric","contributorId":218084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinds","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":4064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wayllace, Alexandra","contributorId":203213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wayllace","given":"Alexandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70223270,"text":"70223270 - 2021 - Land use change influences ecosystem function in headwater streams of the Lowland Amazon Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T16:00:46.724126","indexId":"70223270","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-15T11:00:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use change influences ecosystem function in headwater streams of the Lowland Amazon Basin","docAbstract":"Intensive agriculture alters headwater streams, but our understanding of its effects is limited in tropical regions where rates of agricultural expansion and intensification are currently greatest. Riparian forest protections are an important conservation tool, but whether they provide adequate protection of stream function in these areas of rapid tropical agricultural development has not been well studied. To address these gaps, we conducted a study in the lowland Brazilian Amazon, an area undergoing rapid cropland expansion, to assess the effects of land use change on organic matter dynamics (OM), ecosystem metabolism, and nutrient concentrations and uptake (nitrate and phosphate) in 11 first order streams draining forested (n = 4) or cropland (n = 7) watersheds with intact riparian forests. We found that streams had similar terrestrial litter inputs, but OM biomass was lower in cropland streams. Gross primary productivity was low and not different between land uses, but ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem production showed greater seasonality in cropland streams. Although we found no difference in stream concentrations of dissolved nutrients, phosphate uptake exceeded nitrate uptake in all streams and was higher in cropland than forested streams. This indicates that streams will be more retentive of phosphorus than nitrogen and that if fertilizer nitrogen reaches streams, it will be exported in stream networks. Overall, we found relatively subtle differences in stream function, indicating that riparian buffers have thus far provided protection against major functional shifts seen in other systems. However, the changes we did observe were linked to watershed scale shifts in hydrology, water temperature, and light availability resulting from watershed deforestation. This has implications for the conservation of tens of thousands of stream kilometers across the expanding Amazon cropland region.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w13121667","usgsCitation":"Jankowski, K.J., Deegan, L.A., Neill, C., Sullivan, H.L., Ilha, P., Maracahipes-Santos, L., Marques, N.C., and Macedo, M., 2021, Land use change influences ecosystem function in headwater streams of the Lowland Amazon Basin: Water, v. 13, no. 12, 1667, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121667.","productDescription":"1667, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106176","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451868,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121667","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97KFMQ9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Land cover, discharge, terrestrial litterfall, organic matter, and nutrient concentrations of headwater streams in Mato Grosso, Brazil"},{"id":388156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Tanguro Ranch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -52.75,\n -13.25\n ],\n [\n -52.00,\n -13.25\n ],\n [\n -52.00,\n -12.5\n ],\n [\n -52.75,\n -12.5\n ],\n [\n -52.75,\n -13.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jankowski, Kathi Jo 0000-0002-3292-4182","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-4182","contributorId":207429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"Kathi","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deegan, Linda A.","contributorId":34094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deegan","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27818,"text":"The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Hole, MA 02543.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neill, Christopher","contributorId":218247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neill","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, HIllary L.","contributorId":264497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"HIllary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ilha, Paulo","contributorId":264462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ilha","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52936,"text":"Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maracahipes-Santos, Leonardo 0000-0002-8402-1399","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-1399","contributorId":264463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maracahipes-Santos","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52936,"text":"Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marques, Nubia C.S. 0000-0001-9183-9335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-9335","contributorId":261625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marques","given":"Nubia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.S.","affiliations":[{"id":52936,"text":"Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Macedo, Marcia N.","contributorId":218934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macedo","given":"Marcia N.","affiliations":[{"id":16705,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70222378,"text":"70222378 - 2021 - Cyanotoxin occurrence in the United States: A 20 year retrospective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T14:20:02.565247","indexId":"70222378","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-15T09:18:46","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2593,"text":"Lakeline","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyanotoxin occurrence in the United States: A 20 year retrospective","docAbstract":"Cyanobacterial blooms, and associated cyanotoxin occurrence, are a concern because of the potential harms posed to humans, wildlife, and aquatic ecosystem health. Evidence suggests the magnitude, frequency, and duration of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing, and these events represent a significant challenge to freshwaters and, increasingly, marine waters, worldwide. Cyanobacterial blooms routinely receive local and national attention because of occurrence in new locations, recreational closures, drinking-water impacts, animal illnesses and deaths, scientific advances, and novel management and mitigation strategies. Due to public information campaigns at local, state, and federal levels, the public is generally aware of what cyanobacterial blooms look like and potential risks posed to human and animal health. It is difficult now to imagine a time when cyanobacterial blooms were considered an occasional nuisance in lakes and reservoirs, well-known only by limnologists. When I began my career over twenty years ago, however, that was the status. Cyanobacteria were just beginning to capture attention, and they certainly captured mine.
","language":"English","publisher":"North American Lake Management Society","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.L., 2021, Cyanotoxin occurrence in the United States: A 20 year retrospective: Lakeline, v. 41, p. 8-11.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-129870","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222498,"text":"70222498 - 2021 - Movement of sediment through a burned landscape: Sediment volume observations and model comparisons in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-30T12:53:39.663168","indexId":"70222498","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-15T07:51:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of sediment through a burned landscape: Sediment volume observations and model comparisons in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Post-wildfire changes to hydrologic and geomorphic systems can lead to widespread sediment redistribution. Understanding how sediment moves through a watershed is crucial for assessing hazards, developing debris flow inundation models, engineering sediment retention solutions, and quantifying the role that disturbances play in landscape evolution. In this study, we used terrestrial and airborne lidar to measure sediment redistribution in the 2016 Fish Fire, in the San Gabriel Mountains in southern California, USA. The lidar areas are in two adjacent watersheds, at spatial scales of 900 m2 to 4 km2, respectively. Terrestrial lidar data were acquired prior to rainfall, and two subsequent surveys show erosional change after rainstorms. Two airborne lidar flights occurred (1) 7 months before, and (2) 14 months after the fire ignition, capturing the erosional effects after rainfall. We found hillslope erosion dominated the overall sediment budget in the first rainy season after wildfire. Only 7% of the total erosion came from the active channel bed and channel banks, and the remaining 93% of eroded sediment was derived from hillslopes. Within the channelized portion of the watershed erosion/deposition could be generally described with topographic metrics used in a stream power equation. Observed sediment volumes were compared with four empirical models and one process-based model. We found that the best predictions of sediment volume were obtained from an empirical model developed in the same physiographic region. Moreover, this study showed that post-wildfire erosion rates in the San Gabriel Mountains attain the same magnitude as millennial time scale bedrock erosion rates.
Pesticides occur in urban streams globally, but the relation of occurrence to urbanization can be obscured by regional differences. In studies of five regions of the United States, we investigated the effect of region and urbanization on the occurrence and potential toxicity of dissolved pesticide mixtures. We analyzed 225 pesticide compounds in weekly discrete water samples collected during 6–12 weeks from 271 wadable streams; development in these basins ranged from undeveloped to highly urbanized. Sixteen pesticides were consistently detected in 16 urban centers across the five regions—we propose that these pesticides comprise a suite of urban signature pesticides (USP) that are all common in small U.S. urban streams. These USPs accounted for the majority of summed maximum pesticide concentrations at urban sites within each urban center. USP concentrations, mixture complexity, and potential toxicity increased with the degree of urbanization in the basin. Basin urbanization explained the most variability in multivariate distance-based models of pesticide profiles, with region always secondary in importance. The USPs accounted for 83% of pesticides in the 20 most frequently occurring 2-compound unique mixtures at urban sites, with carbendazim+prometon the most common. Although USPs were consistently detected in all regions, detection frequencies and concentrations varied by region, conferring differences in potential aquatic toxicity. Potential toxicity was highest for invertebrates (benchmarks exceeded in 51% of urban streams), due most often to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid and secondarily to organophosphate insecticides and fipronil. Benchmarks were rarely exceeded in urban streams for plants (at 3% of sites) or fish (<1%). We propose that the USPs identified here would make logical core (nonexclusive) constituents for monitoring dissolved pesticides in U.S. urban streams, and that unique mixtures containing imidacloprid, fipronil, and carbendazim are priority candidates for mixtures toxicity testing.
Landscape change in Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, California, was characterized using data derived from four lidar surveys: one airborne survey in 2006 and three terrestrial surveys in 2016, 2017, and 2018. These surveys were used to generate a better quantitative understanding of changes associated with fluvial processes along the reach of the Tuolumne River within Tuolumne Meadows. This research was performed to provide a scientific basis for restoration and management decisions made by the National Park Service in accordance with the Tuolumne Wild and Scenic River Final Comprehensive Management Plan. A total of 15 reaches of the streambanks along the Tuolumne River in Tuolumne Meadows were subject to measurable streambank erosion between 2006 and 2018. In these areas, streambank retreat rates ranged between 0 and 2.7 meters per year (m/yr), recorded as an average retreat distance along the length of changing streambank position, with most retreat rates being less than 0.50 m/yr. The highest streambank retreat rates are associated with a year of high spring streamflow in 2017. Based on the data available, it was concluded that deposition on channel and point bars balances streambank erosion over a period of 12 years along the Tuolumne River in Tuolumne Meadows. As such, the river could be considered to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium during this period; erosion and sedimentation occur in distinct pulses in response to hydrological forcing but it is not clear that there is a trend towards sediment accumulation or removal in Tuolumne Meadows nor is there an obvious trend toward channel widening or narrowing. The existence of visible paleochannels in the meadow are an indication that more dramatic channel planform geometry changes have occurred in Tuolumne Meadows over an undetermined period and may occur again in the future. Geomorphic change rates relate to hydrology; during the study period, the high water in 2017 led to the highest rates of geomorphic change. Land managers should anticipate that floods with discharge rates greater than the peak flow in 2017 may cause more substantial landscape change than what was observed in this study, but erosion resulting from these events may be balanced by channel and point-bar deposition over a period of years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Pickering, A.J., and Kuhn, T., 2021, Streambank erosion and related geomorphic change in Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5025, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215025.","productDescription":"viii, 87 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118934","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386473,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5025/sir20215025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":386472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5025/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.03936767578124,\n 37.461778479617465\n ],\n [\n -118.85284423828124,\n 37.461778479617465\n ],\n [\n -118.85284423828124,\n 38.0091482264894\n ],\n [\n -120.03936767578124,\n 38.0091482264894\n ],\n [\n -120.03936767578124,\n 37.461778479617465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center—Menlo Park, Calif. Office
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
River deltas are maintained by a continuous supply of terrestrial sediments that provide critical land building material to help sustain and protect vulnerable ecological communities and serve as natural storm protection barriers. Local hydrodynamics are important in determining the degree to which fluvial sediments are removed from the water column and retained on the delta complex. During 2014, we measured hydrodynamics and sediment transport characteristics at one of the world's most rapidly prograding deltas, the Wax Lake delta in Louisiana, USA. We observed waves to be the dominant source of bottom stress for 70% of our observations. Sediment concentration tended to increase with shear stress, but only after stresses exceeded 0.01–0.02 Pa. Significant wave height and bottom stress were substantially reduced after June, when the emergence of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) formed a dense canopy over the intertidal regions of the island splay. Hydrodynamics during these summer vegetated conditions were much more favorable to floc formation, and by extension particle settling, as shown by trends in the Kolmogorov microscale parameter over the course of the measurement campaign. Together, these findings suggest that the timing between peak river discharge and the emergence of vegetation may have a strong influence on rates of progradation in seasonally vegetated delta splays, whereby sediments delivered by flood events that extend late into summer may be governed by hydrodynamics that favor particle deposition, whereas those delivered prior to the summer may be more prone to remain in suspension and bypass the delta complex.
The latest release of MODFLOW 6, the current core version of the MODFLOW groundwater modeling software, debuted a new package dubbed the “mover” (MVR). Using a generalized approach, MVR facilitates the transfer of water among any arbitrary combination of simulated features (i.e., pumping wells, stream, drains, lakes, etc.) within a MODFLOW 6 simulation. Four “rules” controlling the amount of water transferred from a providing feature to a receiving feature are currently available. In this way, MVR can represent natural connections between features, for example streams entering or exiting lakes, and perhaps more interestingly, it also can transfer water among simulated features to more accurately simulate water management. An example model representative of an agricultural setting demonstrates some of the available MVR connections. For example, an irrigation event that transfers surface water from an irrigation delivery ditch to multiple cropped areas demonstrates a “one-to-many” connection that is possible within MVR. Conversely, irrigation or precipitation runoff from multiple fields may be routed to a particular stream segment using “many-to-one” MVR connections. MVR supports many additional connection types, several of which are demonstrated by the included example problem.
Ecological forecasts are quantitative tools that can guide ecosystem management. The coemergence of extensive environmental monitoring and quantitative frameworks allows for widespread development and continued improvement of ecological forecasting systems. We use a relatively simple estuarine hypoxia model to demonstrate advances in addressing some of the most critical challenges and opportunities of contemporary ecological forecasting, including predictive accuracy, uncertainty characterization, and management relevance. We explore the impacts of different combinations of forecast metrics, drivers, and driver time windows on predictive performance. We also incorporate multiple sets of state-variable observations from different sources and separately quantify model prediction error and measurement uncertainty through a flexible Bayesian hierarchical framework. Results illustrate the benefits of (1) adopting forecast metrics and drivers that strike an optimal balance between predictability and relevance to management, (2) incorporating multiple data sources in the calibration data set to separate and propagate different sources of uncertainty, and (3) using the model in scenario mode to probabilistically evaluate the effects of alternative management decisions on future ecosystem state. In the Chesapeake Bay, the subject of this case study, we find that average summer or total annual hypoxia metrics are more predictable than monthly metrics and that measurement error represents an important source of uncertainty. Application of the model in scenario mode suggests that absent watershed management actions over the past decades, long-term average hypoxia would have increased by 7% compared to 1985. Conversely, the model projects that if management goals currently in place to restore the Bay are met, long-term average hypoxia would eventually decrease by 32% with respect to the mid-1980s.
A three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework of the Hot Springs anticlinorium beneath Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, was constructed to represent the complex hydrogeology of the park and surrounding areas to depths exceeding 9,000 feet below ground surface. The framework, composed of 6 rock formations and 1 vertical fault emplaced beneath the thermal springs, was discretized into 19 layers, 429 rows, and 576 columns and incorporated into a 3-dimensional steady-state groundwater-flow model constructed in MODFLOW-2005. Historical daily mean thermal spring flows were simulated for one stress period of approximately 34 years (1980–2014), chosen to represent the period of record for historical climate data used in the quantification of the boundary conditions. The groundwater-flow model was manually calibrated to historical daily mean thermal spring flows of 88,000 cubic feet per day observed over a 12-year period of record (1990–1995 and 1998–2005) at the thermal springs collection system. Calibration was achieved by calculating starting heads and general head boundary conditions from the Bernoulli equation and then adjusting the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities of the rock formations and vertical fault and the hydraulic conductance of head-dependent flux boundaries. The groundwater-flow model was coupled to a surface-water model developed in the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) by using PRMS-simulated gravity drainage as a specified flux recharge boundary condition in the groundwater-flow model. Together, the coupled models were used to (1) locate the areas of groundwater recharge to the thermal springs in the discretized hydrogeologic framework by using forward and reverse particle-tracking capabilities of MODPATH, (2) simulate the effects of variable recharge rates on the spring flows at the thermal springs, and (3) assess possible effects of climate and land-use change on the long-term variability of spring flows at the thermal springs.
Forward and backward particle-tracking maps indicated that the most prevalent areas of recharge in the discretized hydrogeologic framework used in this study were within about 0.6–0.9 mile of the thermal springs. Forward particle tracking indicated a recharge area southwest of the thermal springs that corresponded to a location where the predominant lithologies are the Arkansas Novaculite, Hot Springs Sandstone, and Bigfork Chert. Backward particle tracking indicated a second localized area of recharge to the northeast of the thermal springs that corresponded to a location where the dominant lithology is the Bigfork Chert. The groundwater-flow model indicated that the most probable recharge formations are the Arkansas Novaculite, Bigfork Chert, and Hot Springs Sandstone.
The simulated effects of climate and land-use changes on the variability of the spring-flow rates at the thermal springs generally resulted in reductions of thermal spring flow attributed to urban development and more extreme climates characterized by elevated mean surface air temperatures. The groundwater-flow model predicted a linear relation between the thermal spring discharge and the cumulative recharge volume applied to the hydrogeologic framework, and the positive slope of the predicted relation between recharge and simulated thermal spring flow indicates that more extreme precipitation events that supply more recharge may in fact increase the thermal spring-flow rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.M., Ikard, S.J., Hays, P.D., and Clark, B.R., 2021, Effects of climate and land-use change on thermal springs recharge—A system-based coupled surface-water and groundwater-flow model for Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5045, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215045.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091576","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5045/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386402,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5045/sir20215045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"43.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5045"},{"id":386403,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SBJVVL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model inputs and outputs for simulating and predicting the effects of climate and land-use changes on thermal springs recharge—A system-based coupled surface-water and groundwater-flow model for Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas"},{"id":386404,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5045/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Hot Springs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1475830078125,\n 34.487881874939866\n ],\n [\n -92.96012878417969,\n 34.487881874939866\n ],\n [\n -92.96012878417969,\n 34.57273337081573\n ],\n [\n -93.1475830078125,\n 34.57273337081573\n ],\n [\n -93.1475830078125,\n 34.487881874939866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
Rapids habitats are critical spawning and nursery grounds for multiple Laurentian Great Lakes fishes of ecological importance such as lake sturgeon, walleye, and salmonids. However, river modifications have destroyed important rapids habitat in connecting channels by modifying flow profiles and removing large quantities of cobble and gravel that are preferred spawning substrates of several fish species. The conversion of rapids habitat to slow moving waters has altered fish assemblages and decreased the spawning success of lithophilic species. The St. Marys River is a Great Lakes connecting channel in which the majority of rapids habitat has been lost. However, rapids habitat was restored at the Little Rapids in 2016 to recover important spawning habitat in this river. During the restoration, flow and substrate were recovered to rapids habitat. We sampled the fish community (pre- and post-restoration), focusing on age-0 fishes in order to characterize the response of the fish assemblage to the restoration, particularly for species of importance (e.g. lake whitefish, walleye, Atlantic salmon). Following restoration, we observed a 40% increase in age-0 fish catch per unit effort, increased presence of rare species, and a shift in assemblage structure of age-0 fishes (higher relative abundance of Salmonidae, Cottidae, and Gasterosteidae). We also observed a “transition” period in 2017, in which the assemblage was markedly different from the pre- and post-restoration assemblages and was dominated by Catostomidae. Responses from target species were mixed, with increased Atlantic salmon abundance, first documented presence of walleye and no presence of lake sturgeon or Coregoninae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2021.05.009","usgsCitation":"Molina-Moctezuma, A., Godby, N., Kapuscinski, K., Roseman, E., Skubik, K., and Moerke, A., 2021, Response of fish assemblages to restoration of rapids habitat in a Great Lakes connecting channel: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 47, no. 4, p. 1182-1191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.05.009.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1182","endPage":"1191","ipdsId":"IP-126170","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.05.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.37362670898438,\n 46.150345757336574\n ],\n [\n -83.9190673828125,\n 46.150345757336574\n ],\n [\n -83.9190673828125,\n 46.538082005463075\n ],\n [\n -84.37362670898438,\n 46.538082005463075\n ],\n [\n -84.37362670898438,\n 46.150345757336574\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina-Moctezuma, A.","contributorId":247565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molina-Moctezuma","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49581,"text":"Lake Superior State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godby, N.","contributorId":265347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godby","given":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kapuscinski, K.","contributorId":247567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapuscinski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49581,"text":"Lake Superior State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":217909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skubik, K.","contributorId":265348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skubik","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49581,"text":"Lake Superior State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moerke, A.","contributorId":247569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moerke","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49581,"text":"Lake Superior State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70222099,"text":"70222099 - 2021 - Integrating thermal infrared stream temperature imagery and spatial stream network models to understand natural spatial thermal variability in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T12:18:00.475837","indexId":"70222099","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-12T07:15:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2476,"text":"Journal of Thermal Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating thermal infrared stream temperature imagery and spatial stream network models to understand natural spatial thermal variability in streams","docAbstract":"Under a warmer future climate, thermal refuges could facilitate the persistence of species relying on cold-water habitat. Often these refuges are small and easily missed or smoothed out by averaging in models. Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery can provide empirical water surface temperatures that capture these features at a high spatial resolution (<1 m) and over tens of kilometers. Our study examined how TIR data could be used along with spatial stream network (SSN) models to characterize thermal regimes spatially in the Middle Fork John Day (MFJD) River mainstem (Oregon, USA). We characterized thermal variation in seven TIR longitudinal temperature profiles along the MFJD mainstem and compared them with SSN model predictions of stream temperature (for the same time periods as the TIR profiles). TIR profiles identified reaches of the MFJD mainstem with consistently cooler temperatures across years that were not consistently captured by the SSN prediction models. SSN predictions along the mainstem identified ~80% of the 1-km reach scale temperature warming or cooling trends observed in the TIR profiles. We assessed whether landscape features (e.g., tributary junctions, valley confinement, geomorphic reach classifications) could explain the fine-scale thermal heterogeneity in the TIR profiles (after accounting for the reach-scale temperature variability predicted by the SSN model) by fitting SSN models using the TIR profile observation points. Only the distance to the nearest upstream tributary was identified as a statistically significant landscape feature for explaining some of the thermal variability in the TIR profile data. When combined, TIR data and SSN models provide a data-rich evaluation of stream temperature captured in TIR imagery and a spatially extensive prediction of the network thermal diversity from the outlet to the headwaters.
In May 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected borehole nuclear magnetic resonance (bNMR) logs in three boreholes completed in sandstone and siltstone of the Balls Bluff Member of the Bull Run Formation at a Superfund Site in Culpeper Basin, Virginia. The bNMR logs were used to aid in the evaluation of the aquifer by measuring the porosity, determining the mobile and immobile fractions of water, and estimating the hydraulic conductivity, to evaluate the potential storage and transport properties at the site. The bNMR method measures the transverse (T2) decay in nuclear magnetism in response to radio-frequency pulses. The relaxation decay is related to water content and the size of the pores where the water resides. In addition, the relaxation decay parameters are used to estimate hydraulic conductivity. The results were compared to other borehole logs collected at the site and to regional groundwater investigations in similar rock formations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2021","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/sageep.33-029","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Phillips, S.N., Day-Lewis, F.D., Tiedeman, C.R., Rundell, B., and Gilbert, E., 2021, Nuclear magnetic resonanance logs of fractured bedrock at the Hidden Lane Landfill site, Culpeper Basin, Virginia, in Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems proceedings, p. 63-68, https://doi.org/10.4133/sageep.33-029.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-125623","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Culpeper","otherGeospatial":"Hidden Lane Landfill site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5169563293457,\n 38.783126804001704\n ],\n [\n -77.44245529174805,\n 38.783126804001704\n ],\n [\n -77.44245529174805,\n 38.81630492781235\n ],\n [\n -77.5169563293457,\n 38.81630492781235\n ],\n [\n -77.5169563293457,\n 38.783126804001704\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":245365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Stephanie N. 0000-0002-2022-7726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2022-7726","contributorId":214857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rundell, Bruce","contributorId":270239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rundell","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56119,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilbert, Edward","contributorId":270240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56120,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223335,"text":"70223335 - 2021 - Abundance of Gulf Coast Waterdogs (Necturus beyeri) along Bayou Lacombe, Saint Tammany Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T14:10:31.349995","indexId":"70223335","displayToPublicDate":"2021-06-11T08:18:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance of Gulf Coast Waterdogs (Necturus beyeri) along Bayou Lacombe, Saint Tammany Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Few ecological studies have been conducted on Gulf Coast Waterdogs (Necturus beyeri), and published studies have focused on relatively small stream sections of 125 m to 1.75 km. In 2015, we sampled 25 sites along a 13.4-km stretch of Bayou Lacombe (Saint Tammany Parish, Louisiana, USA) to better understand factors that may influence the distribution of Gulf Coast Waterdogs within streams. We checked 250 unbaited traps once per week for 3 weeks, capturing 170 Gulf Coast Waterdogs at 18 of 25 sites. We used hierarchical models of abundance to estimate abundance at each site, as a function of site covariates including pH, turbidity, and distance from headwaters. The abundance of Gulf Coast Waterdogs within Bayou Lacombe was highest toward the center of the sampled stream segment, but we found no evidence that pH or turbidity affected abundance within our study area. Site-level abundance estimates of Gulf Coast Waterdogs ranged from 0 to 82, and we estimated there were 767 (95% Bayesian credible interval [CRI]: 266–983) Gulf Coast Waterdogs summed across all 25 sampling sites. We derived an estimate of 6,321 (95% CRI: 2,139–15,922) Gulf Coast Waterdogs for the entire 13.4-km stream section, which includes our 25 sites and the adjoining stream reaches between sites. Our results suggest that Gulf Coast Waterdogs may be uncommon or absent in the headwaters, possibly because of shallow water and swift currents with limited preferred habitats. Gulf Coast Waterdogs favor the middle stream reaches with adequate depth and abundant preferred microhabitats.