The imagery, interpretive data layers, and data presented herein were derived from multibeam echo-sounder data collected off Eastern Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and from the stations occupied to verify these acoustic data. The basic data layers show sea-floor topography, sun-illuminated shaded relief, and backscatter intensity; interpretive layers show the distributions of surficial sediment and sedimentary environments. Presented verification data include new and historical sediment grain-size analyses and a gallery of still photographs of the seabed.
The multibeam data, which cover a narrow band of the sea floor extending from Provincetown around the northern tip of Cape Cod and south southeastward to off Monomoy Island, were collected during transits between concurrent mapping projects in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Valentine and others, 2001; Butman and others, 2004; and Valentine, 2005) and Great South Channel (Valentine and others, 2003a, b, c, d). Although originally collected to maximize the use of time aboard ship, these data provide a fundamental framework for research and management activities in this part of the Gulf of Maine (Noji and others, 2004), show the composition and terrain of the seabed, and provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat. These data and interpretations also support ongoing modeling studies of the lower Cape’s aquifer system (Masterson, 2004) and of erosional hotspots along the Cape Cod National Seashore (List and others, 2006).
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foster, Dave S.","contributorId":80371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":77090,"text":"ofr20061174 - 2006 - Gas desorption and adsorption isotherm studies of coals in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and adjacent basins in Wyoming and North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T16:44:50","indexId":"ofr20061174","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1174","title":"Gas desorption and adsorption isotherm studies of coals in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and adjacent basins in Wyoming and North Dakota","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the State Office, Reservoir Management Group (RMG), of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Casper (Wyoming), investigated the coalbed methane resources (CBM) in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana, from 1999 to the present. Beginning in late 1999, the study also included the Williston Basin in Montana and North and South Dakota and Green River Basin and Big Horn Basin in Wyoming. The rapid development of CBM (referred to as coalbed natural gas by the BLM) during the early 1990s, and the lack of sufficient data for the BLM to fully assess and manage the resource in the Powder River Basin, in particular, gave impetus to the cooperative program.\r\n\r\nAn integral part of the joint USGS-BLM project was the participation of 25 gas operators that entered individually into confidential agreements with the USGS, and whose cooperation was essential to the study. The arrangements were for the gas operators to drill and core coal-bed reservoirs at their cost, and for the USGS and BLM personnel to then desorb, analyze, and interpret the coal data with joint funding by the two agencies. Upon completion of analyses by the USGS, the data were to be shared with both the BLM and the gas operator that supplied the core, and then to be released or published 1 yr after the report was submitted to the operator.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061174","usgsCitation":"Stricker, G.D., Flores, R.M., McGarry, D.E., Stillwell, D.P., Hoppe, D.J., Stillwell, C.R., Ochs, A.M., Ellis, M.S., Osvald, K.S., Taylor, S.L., Thorvaldson, M.C., Trippi, M.H., Grose, S.D., Crockett, F., and Shariff, A.J., 2006, Gas desorption and adsorption isotherm studies of coals in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and adjacent basins in Wyoming and North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1174, iv, 21 p.; 3 appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061174.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.; 3 appendices","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science 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acquired the 115,653 acre Kahuku Ranch unit adjacent to the existing Mauna Loa section of HAVO. Kahuku contains numerous exceptional natural resources including many federally listed threatened and endangered species. An apparently large and growing population of alien mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini musimon), however, threatens sensitive native plants and forest bird habitats. Population composition and abundance estimates were urgently needed to determine the magnitude of resources required to manage this species and justify costs. We surveyed 32,433 acres from helicopter over 2 days in November 2004 during breeding to determine the abundance and population structure. We estimated that there were more than 2,586 ? 705 (90% CI) mouflon at Kahuku. Overall, group sizes averaged 7.8 and the sex ratio was 1:2.4 rams:ewes, but approximately 44% of the population was concentrated in forested areas near ranching operations where group sizes averaged >15 and the sex ratio was 1:3.9 rams:ewes. The remaining 56% of the population occurred widely dispersed in subalpine shrubland and barren lava flows. Abundance estimates are likely to be conservative because they were not adjusted for detection probability. Ground-based surveys of lambs suggest upper biological limit to annual population increase of 33.1% under existing environmental conditions. Historical information used to calculate population trends indicated the apparent rate of population increase to be 21.1%. In the absence of removals, the population increment for 2004-2005, would be more than 546-856, and the population doubling time with these growth rates is 3-4 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061193","usgsCitation":"Hess, S., Kawakami, B., Okita, D., and Medeiros, K., 2006, A preliminary assessment of mouflon abundance at the Kahuku Unit of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1193, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061193.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8320,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061193.GIF"},{"id":279112,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1193/pdf/ofr2006-1193.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156,19 ], [ -156,20 ], [ -155,20 ], [ -155,19 ], [ -156,19 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aaf9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Steven C.","contributorId":74462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steven C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kawakami, Ben Jr.","contributorId":8192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawakami","given":"Ben","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okita, David","contributorId":39478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okita","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Medeiros, Keola","contributorId":96788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medeiros","given":"Keola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77065,"text":"ofr20061191 - 2006 - Soil data at sites near Geneva Lake, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, and Long Lake, near New Auburn, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20061191","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1191","title":"Soil data at sites near Geneva Lake, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, and Long Lake, near New Auburn, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The goals of this project are to describe how water moves through shallow soil and how vegetated buffers influence this flow. This was accomplished by using a series of soil-moisture probes which track the lateral and vertical movement of water during natural and artificial rainfall/runoff events. The purpose of this report is to summarize soil-moisture data collected at near-shore areas adjacent to two Wisconsin lakes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061191","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, D., and Greb, S.R., 2006, Soil data at sites near Geneva Lake, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, and Long Lake, near New Auburn, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1191, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061191.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8322,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1191/appendixes/OFR2006-1191_Appendixes.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bfe4b07f02db5d1dc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graczyk, David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greb, Steven R.","contributorId":29010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greb","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":288438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77051,"text":"ofr20061206 - 2006 - Preliminary estimate of coal resources in the Gillette coalfield affected by the location of the Burlington Northern/Union Pacific joint mainline railroad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"ofr20061206","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1206","title":"Preliminary estimate of coal resources in the Gillette coalfield affected by the location of the Burlington Northern/Union Pacific joint mainline railroad","docAbstract":"This publication, primarily in graphic form, presents a preliminary resource assessment related to a major, near-term restriction to mining in that portion of the Gillette coalfield, Wyoming, that is traversed by the Burlington Northern/Union Pacific joint mainline railroad. This assessment is part of a current Powder River Basin regional coal assessment, including both resources and reserves, being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. The slides were used to illustrate a presentation of study results at a meeting of the Bureau of Land Management's Regional Coal Team in Casper, Wyoming on April 19, 2006 by the senior author.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061206","usgsCitation":"Rohrbacher, T.J., Haacke, J., Scott, D.C., Osmonson, L.M., and Luppens, J.A., 2006, Preliminary estimate of coal resources in the Gillette coalfield affected by the location of the Burlington Northern/Union Pacific joint mainline railroad (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1206, iv, 16 p. presentation, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061206.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. presentation","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8216,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohrbacher, Timothy J.","contributorId":20355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohrbacher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haacke, Jon E.","contributorId":86054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haacke","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, David C. 0000-0002-7925-7452 dscott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-7452","contributorId":629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David","email":"dscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osmonson, Lee M.","contributorId":33322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmonson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":288411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luppens, James A. 0000-0001-7607-8750 jluppens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-8750","contributorId":550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luppens","given":"James","email":"jluppens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":77045,"text":"ofr20061200 - 2006 - Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"ofr20061200","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1200","title":"Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Hampshire/ Vermont Water Science Center for scoping of flood-hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire, under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Inter-Agency agreement Number HSFE01-05X-0018. One of the priorities for FEMA, Region 1, is to develop updated Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMs) and Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) for Coos County, New Hampshire. The information provided in this report will be used to develop the scope for the first phase of a multiyear project that will ultimately result in the production of new DFIRMs and FIS for the communities and flooding sources in Coos County.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061200","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., 2006, Scoping of flood hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1200, vi, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061200.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8204,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.25,44.25 ], [ -71.25,45.25 ], [ -71,45.25 ], [ -71,44.25 ], [ -71.25,44.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd0ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77041,"text":"ofr20061130 - 2006 - Stability of leaning column at Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"ofr20061130","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1130","title":"Stability of leaning column at Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming","docAbstract":"In response to reports from climbers that an 8-meter section (referred to as the leaning column) of the most popular climbing route on Devils Tower in northeastern Wyoming is now moving when being climbed, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey inspected the site to determine the stability of the column and the underlying column that serves as a support pedestal. Evidence of a recent tensile spalling failure was observed on the pedestal surface immediately beneath the contact with the overlying leaning column. The spalling of a flake-shaped piece of the pedestal, probably due to the high stress concentration exerted by the weight of the leaning column along a linear contact with the pedestal, is likely causing the present movement of the leaning column. Although it is unlikely that climbers will dislodge the leaning column by their weight alone, the possibility exists that additional spalling failures may occur from the pedestal surface and further reduce the stability of the leaning column and result in its toppling. To facilitate detection of further spalling failures from the pedestal, its surface has been coated with a layer of paint. Any new failures from the pedestal could result in the leaning column toppling onto the climbing route or onto the section of the Tower trail below.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061130","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., and Lindsay, C., 2006, Stability of leaning column at Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1130, iii, 7 p.: ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061130.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.: ill.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8195,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ], [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ], [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ], [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ], [ -104.71694444444445,44.58388888888889 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsay, Charles R.","contributorId":56738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"Charles R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77034,"text":"ofr20061184 - 2006 - Preliminary results of sequential extraction experiments for selenium on mine waste and stream sediments from Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:11","indexId":"ofr20061184","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1184","title":"Preliminary results of sequential extraction experiments for selenium on mine waste and stream sediments from Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand","docAbstract":"We report the preliminary results of sequential partial dissolutions used to characterize the geochemical distribution of selenium in stream sediments, mine wastes, and flotation-mill tailings. In general, extraction schemes are designed to extract metals associated with operationally defined solid phases. Total Se concentrations and the mineralogy of the samples are also presented. Samples were obtained from the Elizabeth, Ely, and Pike Hill mines in Vermont, the Callahan mine in Maine, and the Martha mine in New Zealand. These data are presented here with minimal interpretation or discussion. Further analysis of the data will be presented elsewhere.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061184","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N., Seal, R., Sanzolone, R.F., Lamothe, P.J., and Brown, Z.A., 2006, Preliminary results of sequential extraction experiments for selenium on mine waste and stream sediments from Vermont, Maine, and New Zealand (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1184, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061184.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8180,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1184/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, N.M. 0000-0002-1973-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":46636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":77036,"text":"ofr20061071 - 2006 - delta 15N and non-carbonate delta 13C values for two petroleum source rock reference materials and a marine sediment reference material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"ofr20061071","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1071","title":"delta 15N and non-carbonate delta 13C values for two petroleum source rock reference materials and a marine sediment reference material","docAbstract":"Samples of United States Geological Survey (USGS) Certified Reference Materials USGS Devonian Ohio Shale (SDO-1), and USGS Eocene Green River Shale (SGR-1), and National Research Council Canada (NRCC) Certified Marine Sediment Reference Material (PACS-2), were sent for analysis to four separate analytical laboratories as blind controls for organic rich sedimentary rock samples being analyzed\r\nfrom the Red Dog mine area in Alaska. The samples were analyzed for stable isotopes of carbon (delta13Cncc) and nitrogen (delta15N), percent non-carbonate carbon (Wt % Cncc) and percent nitrogen (Wt % N).\r\n\r\nSDO-1, collected from the Huron Member of the Ohio Shale, near Morehead, Kentucky, and SGR-1, collected from the Mahogany zone of the Green River Formation are petroleum source rocks used as reference materials for chemical analyses of sedimentary rocks. PACS-2 is modern marine sediment collected from the Esquimalt, British Columbia harbor.\r\n\r\nThe results presented in this study are, with the exceptions noted below, the first published for these reference materials. There are published information values for the elemental concentrations of 'organic' carbon (Wt % Corg measured range is 8.98 - 10.4) and nitrogen (Wt % Ntot 0.347 with SD 0.043) only for SDO-1. The suggested values presented here should be considered 'information values' as defined by the NRCC Institute for National Measurement Reference Materials and should be useful for the analysis of 13C, 15N, C and N in organic material in sedimentary rocks. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061071","usgsCitation":"Dennen, K., Johnson, C.A., Otter, M.L., Silva, S.R., and Wandless, G.A., 2006, delta 15N and non-carbonate delta 13C values for two petroleum source rock reference materials and a marine sediment reference material: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1071, 17 p. (some unnumbered), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061071.","productDescription":"17 p. (some unnumbered)","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":8187,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1071/508files/of2006-1071.doc"},{"id":8188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1071/508files/tables1-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1071/508files/figs1-3.zip"},{"id":8186,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4784e4b07f02db483df9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennen, Kristin O.","contributorId":61437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennen","given":"Kristin O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otter, Marshall L.","contributorId":61917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otter","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wandless, Gregory A. gwandless@usgs.gov","contributorId":4782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"Gregory","email":"gwandless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":77035,"text":"ofr20061173 - 2006 - Geologic map of the Stephens City quadrangle, Clark, Frederick, and Warren Counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr20061173","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1173","title":"Geologic map of the Stephens City quadrangle, Clark, Frederick, and Warren Counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Stephens City 1:24,000-scale quadrangle is one of several quadrangles in Frederick County, Virginia being mapped by geologists from the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, VA with funding from the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. This work is part of a project being lead by the U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Discipline, Virginia District, to investigate the geologic framework and groundwater resources of Frederick County as well as other areas in the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061173","usgsCitation":"Weary, D., Orndorff, R.C., and Aleman-Gonzalez, W., 2006, Geologic map of the Stephens City quadrangle, Clark, Frederick, and Warren Counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1173, 1 map sheet, 60 x 35 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061173.","productDescription":"1 map sheet, 60 x 35 in.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110661,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76932.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"76932"},{"id":191149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8183,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8185,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1173/data/metadata.zip"},{"id":8184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1173/data/GIS_data.zip"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"UTM Zone 17 NAD 83","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.25,39 ], [ -78.25,39.1175 ], [ -78.11749999999999,39.1175 ], [ -78.11749999999999,39 ], [ -78.25,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a525","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, D. J.","contributorId":40617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, R. C.","contributorId":17613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleman-Gonzalez, W.","contributorId":17707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleman-Gonzalez","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77028,"text":"ofr20061128 - 2006 - Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T09:56:05","indexId":"ofr20061128","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1128","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2005","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing freshwater are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer is the principal source of water in the Southwest Florida Water Management District and is used for major public-supply, domestic use, irrigation, and brackish-water desalination in coastal communities (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2000).
This map report shows the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer measured in September 2005. The potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface, connecting points of equal altitude to which water will rise in tightly cased wells that tap a confined aquifer system (Lohman, 1979). This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the wet season, when ground-water levels usually are at an annual high and withdrawals for agricultural use typically are low. The cumulative average rainfall of 55.19 inches for west-central Florida (from October 2004 through September 2005) was 2.00 inches above the historical cumulative average of 53.19 inches (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2005). Historical cumulative averages are calculated from regional rainfall summary reports (1915 to most recent complete calendar year) and are updated monthly by the Southwest Florida Water Management District.
This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District, is part of a semi-annual series of Upper Floridan aquifer potentiometric-surface map reports for west-central Florida. Potentiometric-surface maps have been prepared for January 1964, May 1969, May 1971, May 1973, May 1974, and for each May and September since 1975. Water-level data are collected in May and September each year to show the approximate annual low and high water-level conditions, respectively. Most of the water-level data for this map were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the period September 19-23, 2005. Supplemental water-level data were collected by other agencies and companies. A corresponding potentiometric-surface map was prepared for areas east and north of the Southwest Florida Water Management District boundary by the U.S. Geological Survey office in Altamonte Springs, Florida (Kinnaman, 2006). Most water-level measurements were made during a 5-day period; therefore, measurements do not represent a \"snapshot\" of conditions at a specific time, nor do they necessarily coincide with the seasonal high water-level condition.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, A., 2006, Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1128, 30 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061128.","productDescription":"30 x 34 inches","temporalStart":"2005-09-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341814,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1128/pdf/ofr2006-1128.pdf","text":"Report","size":"526 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":8171,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,27 ], [ -84,29 ], [ -81,29 ], [ -81,27 ], [ -84,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, A.G.","contributorId":53357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77037,"text":"ofr20061162 - 2006 - Chemical analyses of coal, coal-associated rocks and coal combustion products collected for the National Coal Quality Inventory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"ofr20061162","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1162","title":"Chemical analyses of coal, coal-associated rocks and coal combustion products collected for the National Coal Quality Inventory","docAbstract":"In 1999, the USGS initiated the National Coal Quality Inventory (NaCQI) project to address a need for quality information on coals that will be mined during the next 20-30 years. At the time this project was initiated, the publicly available USGS coal quality data was based on samples primarily collected and analyzed between 1973 and 1985. The primary objective of NaCQI was to create a database containing comprehensive, accurate and accessible chemical information on the quality of mined and prepared United States coals and their combustion byproducts. This objective was to be accomplished through maintaining the existing publicly available coal quality database, expanding the database through the acquisition of new samples from priority areas, and analysis of the samples using updated coal analytical chemistry procedures. Priorities for sampling include those areas where future sources of compliance coal are federally owned. This project was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), State geological surveys, universities, coal burning utilities, and the coal mining industry. Funding support came from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061162","usgsCitation":"Hatch, J.R., Bullock, J.H., and Finkelman, R.B., 2006, Chemical analyses of coal, coal-associated rocks and coal combustion products collected for the National Coal Quality Inventory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1162, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061162.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1162/NaCQI.xls"},{"id":8190,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bd996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullock, John H. Jr.","contributorId":105316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77029,"text":"ofr20061107 - 2006 - Characterization of the hydrology, water chemistry, and aquatic communities of selected springs in the St. Johns River Water Management District, Florida, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20061107","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1107","title":"Characterization of the hydrology, water chemistry, and aquatic communities of selected springs in the St. Johns River Water Management District, Florida, 2004","docAbstract":"The hydrology, water chemistry, and aquatic communities of Silver Springs, De Leon Spring, Gemini Springs, and Green Spring in the St. Johns River Water Management District, Florida, were studied in 2004 to provide a better understanding of each spring and to compile data of potential use in future water-management decisions. Ground water that discharges from these and other north-central Florida springs originates from the Upper Floridan aquifer of the Floridan aquifer system, a karstic limestone aquifer that extends throughout most of the State's peninsula. This report summarizes data about flow, water chemistry, and aquatic communities, including benthic invertebrates, fishes, algae, and aquatic macrophytes collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, the St. Johns River Water Management District, and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection during 2004, as well as some previously collected data.\r\n\r\nDifferences in water chemistry among these springs reflect local differences in water chemistry in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The three major springs sampled at the Silver Springs group (the Main Spring, Blue Grotto, and the Abyss) have similar proportions of cations and anions but vary in nitrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Water from Gemini Springs and Green Spring has higher proportions of sodium and chloride than the Silver Springs group. Water from De Leon Spring also has higher proportions of sodium and chloride than the Silver Springs group but lower proportions of calcium and bicarbonate. Nitrate concentrations have increased over the period of record at all of the springs except Green Spring. Compounds commonly found in wastewater were found in all the springs sampled. The most commonly detected compound was the insect repellant N,N'-diethyl-methyl-toluamide (DEET), which was found in all the springs sampled except De Leon Spring. The pesticide atrazine and its degradate 2-chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-amino-s-triazine (CIAT) were detected in water from the Silver Springs group and in both boils at Gemini Springs. No pesticides were detected in water samples from De Leon Spring and Green Spring. Evidence of denitrification was indicated by the presence of excess nitrogen gas in water samples from most of the springs.\r\n\r\nAquatic communities varied among the springs. Large floating mats of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), identified as Lyngbya wollei, were observed in De Leon Spring during all sampling events in 2004. At Gemini Springs, the dominant periphyton was Rhizoclonium sp. Of the three springs sampled for benthic invertebrates, De Leon Spring had the highest overall species richness and most disturbance intolerant species (Florida Index = 4). Green Spring had the lowest species richness of the springs sampled. Based on qualitative comparisons, overall macroinvertebrate species richness seemed to be negatively related to magnesium, potassium, sodium, and specific conductance. Invertebrate abundance was greatest when dissolved oxygen and nitrate were high but phosphorus and potassium concentrations were low. Dipteran abundance seemed to be positively associated with specific conductance and total organic carbon but negatively associated with nitrate-N. Amphipods were the numerically dominant group collected in most (six of nine) collections. Shifts in amphipod abundance of the two species collected (Gammarus sp. and Hyalella azteca) varied by season among the three springs, but there were no trends evident in the variation. Fish populations were relatively species-rich at the Silver Springs group, De Leon Spring, and Gemini Springs, but not at Green Spring. Nonindigenous fish species were observed at all springs except Green Spring. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061107","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., Walsh, S.J., Gerwig, R.M., and Tate, W., 2006, Characterization of the hydrology, water chemistry, and aquatic communities of selected springs in the St. Johns River Water Management District, Florida, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1107, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061107.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8172,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,28.5 ], [ -82,29.5 ], [ -81,29.5 ], [ -81,28.5 ], [ -82,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Stephen J. 0000-0002-1009-8537 swalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":1456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Stephen","email":"swalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerwig, Robert M.","contributorId":78427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerwig","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, William B.","contributorId":55538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"William B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77027,"text":"ofr20051430 - 2006 - Sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration and simulated flow to varying meteorological inputs, Salt Creek watershed, DuPage County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T19:45:35.815747","indexId":"ofr20051430","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1430","title":"Sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration and simulated flow to varying meteorological inputs, Salt Creek watershed, DuPage County, Illinois","docAbstract":"The Lamoreux Potential Evapotranspiration (LXPET) Program computes potential evapotranspiration (PET) using inputs from four different meteorological sources: temperature, dewpoint, wind speed, and solar radiation. PET and the same four meteorological inputs are used with precipitation data in the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) to simulate streamflow in the Salt Creek watershed, DuPage County, Illinois. Streamflows from HSPF are routed with the Full Equations (FEQ) model to determine water-surface elevations. Consequently, variations in meteorological inputs have potential to propagate through many calculations. Sensitivity of PET to variation was simulated by increasing the meteorological input values by 20, 40, and 60 percent and evaluating the change in the calculated PET. Increases in temperatures produced the greatest percent changes, followed by increases in solar radiation, dewpoint, and then wind speed. Additional sensitivity of PET was considered for shifts in input temperatures and dewpoints by absolute differences of ?10, ?20, and ?30 degrees Fahrenheit (degF). Again, changes in input temperatures produced the greatest differences in PET. Sensitivity of streamflow simulated by HSPF was evaluated for 20-percent increases in meteorological inputs. These simulations showed that increases in temperature produced the greatest change in flow. Finally, peak water-surface elevations for nine storm events were compared among unmodified meteorological inputs and inputs with values predicted 6, 24, and 48 hours preceding the simulated peak. Results of this study can be applied to determine how errors specific to a hydrologic system will affect computations of system streamflow and water-surface elevations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051430","usgsCitation":"Whitbeck, D.E., 2006, Sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration and simulated flow to varying meteorological inputs, Salt Creek watershed, DuPage County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1430, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051430.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408280,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76921.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8170,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1430/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"DuPage County","otherGeospatial":"Salt Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.125,\n 41.925\n ],\n [\n -87.8833,\n 41.925\n ],\n [\n -87.8833,\n 41.9889\n ],\n [\n -88.125,\n 41.9889\n ],\n [\n -88.125,\n 41.925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e233c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitbeck, David E.","contributorId":42314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitbeck","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77021,"text":"ofr20061139 - 2006 - Shallow-landslide hazard map of Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-11T10:38:00","indexId":"ofr20061139","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1139","title":"Shallow-landslide hazard map of Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"Landslides, particularly debris flows, have long been a significant cause of damage and destruction to people and property in the Puget Sound region. Following the years of 1996 and 1997, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) designated Seattle as a 'Project Impact' city with the goal of encouraging the city to become more disaster resistant to the effects of landslides and other natural hazards. A major recommendation of the Project Impact council was that the city and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collaborate to produce a landslide hazard map of the city. An exceptional data set archived by the city, containing more than 100 years of landslide data from severe storm events, allowed comparison of actual landslide locations with those predicted by slope-stability modeling. We used an infinite-slope analysis, which models slope segments as rigid friction blocks, to estimate the susceptibility of slopes to shallow landslides which often mobilize into debris flows, water-laden slurries that can form from shallow failures of soil and weathered bedrock, and can travel at high velocities down steep slopes. Data used for analysis consisted of a digital slope map derived from recent Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) imagery of Seattle, recent digital geologic mapping, and shear-strength test data for the geologic units in the surrounding area. The combination of these data layers within a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform allowed the preparation of a shallow landslide hazard map for the entire city of Seattle.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061139","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Michael, J.A., and Laprade, W.T., 2006, Shallow-landslide hazard map of Seattle, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1139, Report: iii, 20 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061139.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 20 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 48 inches","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8165,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110660,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76929.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"76929"}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Washington State Plane, FIPS zone 4601, NAD83","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.41666666666667,47.5 ], [ -122.41666666666667,47.666666666666664 ], [ -122.25,47.666666666666664 ], [ -122.25,47.5 ], [ -122.41666666666667,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3dae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laprade, William T.","contributorId":39023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laprade","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77031,"text":"ofr20061009 - 2006 - Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, May 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr20061009","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1009","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, May 2005","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing freshwater are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer is a highly productive aquifer and supplies more than 10 times the amount of water pumped from either the surficial aquifer system or the intermediate aquifer system in most of the study area (Duerr and others, 1988).\r\n\r\nThis map report shows the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer measured in May 2005. The potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface connecting points of equal altitude to which water will rise in a tightly cased well that taps a confined aquifer system (Lohman, 1979). This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the dry season, when ground-water levels usually are at an annual low and withdrawals for agricultural use typically are high. The cumulative average rainfall of 67.27 inches for west-central Florida (from June 2004 through May 2005) was 14.20 inches above the historical cumulative average of 53.07 inches (Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD), 2005). The above average precipitation is attributed to the active hurrican season for Florida in 2004. Historical cumulative averages are calculated from regional rainfall summary reports (1915 to the most recent completed calendar year) and are updated monthly by the SWFWMD.\r\n\r\nThis report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the SWFWMD, is part of a semiannual series of Upper Floridan aquifer potentiometric-surface map reports for west-central Florida. Potentiometric-surface maps have been prepared for January 1964, May 1969, May 1971, May 1973, May 1974, and for each May and September since 1975. Water-level data are collected in May and September each year to show the approximate annual low and high water-level conditions, respectively. Most of the water-level data for this map were collected by the USGS during May 23-27, 2005. Supplemental water-level data were collected by other agencies and companies. A corresponding potentiometric-surface map was prepared for areas east and north of the SWFWMD boundary by the USGS office in Altamonte Springs, Florida (Kinnaman, 2006). Most water-level measurements were made during a 5-day period; therefore, measurements do not represent a 'snapshot' of conditions at a specific time, nor do they necessarily coincide with the seasonal low water-level condition.\r\n\r\nWater levels in about 19 percent of the wells measured in May 2005 were lower than the May 2004 water levels (Blanchard and others, 2004). Data from 409 wells indicate that the May 2005 water levels ranged from about 5 feet below to about 18 feet above the May 2004 water levels (fig. 1). The largest water-level declines occurred in southwestern Hernando County, northeastern Hillsborough County, and parts of Hillsborough, Sumter, and Sarasota Counties. The largest water-level rises occurred in southeastern Hillsborough County, eastern Manatee County, and western Hardee County (fig. 1).\r\n\r\nWater levels in about 95 percent of the wells measured in May 2005 were lower than the September 2004 water levels (Blanchard and Seidenfeld, 2005). Data from 405 wells indicate that the May 2005 water levels ranged from about 22 feet below to 14 feet above the September 2004 water levels. The largest water-level decline was in east-central Manatee County and the largest water-level rise was in central Sarasota County. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061009","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, A., and Blanchard, R., 2006, Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, May 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1009, 1 map sheet, 30 x 34 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061009.","productDescription":"1 map sheet, 30 x 34 in.","temporalStart":"2005-05-01","temporalEnd":"2005-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8175,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","projection":"UTM Zone 17 NAD 27","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,27 ], [ -84,29 ], [ -81,29 ], [ -81,27 ], [ -84,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6056ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, A.G.","contributorId":53357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, R.A.","contributorId":35389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77017,"text":"ofr20061170 - 2006 - Digital data from the Questa-San Luis and Santa Fe East helicopter magnetic surveys in Santa Fe and Taos Counties, New Mexico, and Costilla County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr20061170","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1170","title":"Digital data from the Questa-San Luis and Santa Fe East helicopter magnetic surveys in Santa Fe and Taos Counties, New Mexico, and Costilla County, Colorado","docAbstract":"This report contains digital data, image files, and text files describing data formats and survey procedures for aeromagnetic data collected during high-resolution aeromagnetic surveys in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico in December, 2005. One survey covers the eastern edge of the San Luis basin, including the towns of Questa, New Mexico and San Luis, Colorado. A second survey covers the mountain front east of Santa Fe, New Mexico, including the town of Chimayo and portions of the Pueblos of Tesuque and Nambe. Several derivative products from these data are also presented as grids and images, including reduced-to-pole data and data continued to a reference surface. Images are presented in various formats and are intended to be used as input to geographic information systems, standard graphics software, or map plotting packages.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061170","usgsCitation":"Bankey, V., Grauch, V.J., Drenth, B., and Geophex Ltd., 2006, Digital data from the Questa-San Luis and Santa Fe East helicopter magnetic surveys in Santa Fe and Taos Counties, New Mexico, and Costilla County, Colorado (Revised and reprinted 2006, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1170, ii, 6 p.; maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061170.","productDescription":"ii, 6 p.; maps","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1170/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8158,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1170/downloads/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106,35.3675 ], [ -106,37.25 ], [ -105.86749999999999,37.25 ], [ -105.86749999999999,35.3675 ], [ -106,35.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised and reprinted 2006, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b465f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bankey, Viki viki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bankey","given":"Viki","email":"viki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drenth, B. J.","contributorId":49885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geophex Ltd.","contributorId":128195,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Geophex Ltd.","id":534798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77020,"text":"ofr20061125 - 2006 - Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawaii: Part II: Tracking recent fluvial sedimentation: Isotope stratigraphy obtained in Summer 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T18:36:29.716971","indexId":"ofr20061125","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1125","title":"Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawaii: Part II: Tracking recent fluvial sedimentation: Isotope stratigraphy obtained in Summer 2005","docAbstract":"Delivery and dispersal of fluvial sediment in Hanalei Bay, Kaua’i, Hawaii, have important implications for the health of local coral reefs. The reef community in Hanalei Bay represents a relatively healthy ecosystem. However, the reefs are periodically stressed by storm waves, and increases in sediment and dissolved substances from the Hanalei River have the potential to cause additional stress. Increased turbidity and sedimentation on corals during Hanalei River floods that occur in seasons of low wave energy, when sediment would not be readily remobilized and advected out of the bay, could affect the health and sustainability of coral reefs and the many associated species.
\nMeasurements of short-lived isotopes 7Be and 137Cs in sediment cores have been used to trace the thickness and distribution of terrestrial sediment in Hanalei Bay, in order to assess spatial and temporal patterns of sediment deposition and remobilization relative to coral-reef locations. A third isotope, 210Pb, derived primarily from seawater, provides additional information about recent sedimentary history. Isotope profiles and observations of sedimentary facies from cores collected at multiple locations in June 2005, and again in August 2005, indicate the presence of recent fluvial sediment and organic debris in the east part of the bay near the mouth of the Hanalei River. Away from the immediate vicinity of the river mouth, sediment in the uppermost 1 m below the sea floor had not retained a significant quantity of fluvial sediment within the eight months prior to either sampling effort. During the study interval in summer 2005 the Hanalei River had no major floods and there was relatively little sediment input to the bay. Sediment away from the river mouth was dominated by carbonate sand, although some terrestrial sediment was present in sub-sea-floor horizons. Sedimentary facies and isotope inventories throughout the bay showed substantial spatial heterogeneity.
\nSediment cores will be collected again at the same sites discussed here during early and late summer 2006. If possible, additional sites will be sampled in the Black Hole depocenter near the river mouth. Major floods in winter and spring 2006 are expected to leave a significant new sediment signal in the bay that should be detected in summer 2006.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061125","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., Field, M.E., Bothner, M., Logan, J., Casso, M.A., Baldwin, S., and Storlazzi, C., 2006, Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawaii: Part II: Tracking recent fluvial sedimentation: Isotope stratigraphy obtained in Summer 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1125, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061125.","productDescription":"52 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-06-01","temporalEnd":"2005-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061125.JPG"},{"id":407628,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76916.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295698,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1125/of2006-1125.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8164,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.5203,\n 22.2\n ],\n [\n -159.4961,\n 22.2\n ],\n [\n -159.4961,\n 22.2308\n ],\n [\n -159.5203,\n 22.2308\n ],\n [\n -159.5203,\n 22.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casso, Michael A. mcasso@usgs.gov","contributorId":13306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casso","given":"Michael","email":"mcasso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldwin, Sandra M. sbrosnahan@usgs.gov","contributorId":75620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Sandra M.","email":"sbrosnahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":76997,"text":"ofr20041441 - 2006 - Sea floor topography and backscatter intensity of the Hudson Canyon region offshore of New York and New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T14:46:30","indexId":"ofr20041441","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1441","title":"Sea floor topography and backscatter intensity of the Hudson Canyon region offshore of New York and New Jersey","docAbstract":"These maps show the sea floor topography and backscatter intensity of the Hudson Canyon region on the continental slope and rise offshore of New Jersey and New York (fig. 1 and fig. 2). Sheet 1 shows sea floor topography as shaded relief. Sheet 2 shows sea floor topography as shaded relief with backscatter intensity superimposed in color. Both sheets are at a scale of 1:300,000 and also show smoothed topographic contours at selected intervals. The maps are based on new multibeam echo-sounder data collected on an 18-day cruise carried out aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship Ronald H. Brown during August and September 2002. Additional multibeam data of the Hudson Canyon collected by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), on the continental shelf collected by the STRATAFORM project (Goff and others, 1999), and a survey of the Hudson Shelf Valley (Butman and others, 2003), and a compilation of bathymetric data from the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Coastal Relief Model provide coverage of areas surrounding Hudson Canyon (fig. 2). Interpretations of the surficial geology also utilize widely spaced 3.5- and 10-kiloHertz (kHz) high-resolution seismic profiles collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (fig.2).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041441","isbn":"1411310438","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Twichell, D.C., Rona, P.A., Tucholke, B.E., Middleton, T.J., and Robb, J.M., 2006, Sea floor topography and backscatter intensity of the Hudson Canyon region offshore of New York and New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1441, HTML Document; 2 Plates: 42.0 x 62.0 inches and 42.0 x 54.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041441.","productDescription":"HTML Document; 2 Plates: 42.0 x 62.0 inches and 42.0 x 54.0 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science 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39.11786606500014], [-71.60004653699986, 39.838006299999996]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-72.48776694599985, 37.62217990200007, -70.08181765199993, 39.846466441000075], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091862\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69768e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rona, Peter A.","contributorId":14912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rona","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucholke, Brian E.","contributorId":96710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucholke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Middleton, Tammie J.","contributorId":27532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Tammie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":60225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":77005,"text":"ofr20061144 - 2006 - Summary of surface-water quality, ground-water quality, and water withdrawals for the Spirit Lake Reservation, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T11:28:56","indexId":"ofr20061144","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1144","title":"Summary of surface-water quality, ground-water quality, and water withdrawals for the Spirit Lake Reservation, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Available surface-water quality, ground-water quality, and water-withdrawal data for the Spirit Lake Reservation were summarized. The data were collected intermittently from 1948 through 2004 and were compiled from U.S. Geological Survey databases, North Dakota State Water Commission databases, and Spirit Lake Nation tribal agencies. Although the quality of surface water on the reservation generally is satisfactory, no surface-water sources are used for consumable water supplies. Ground water on the reservation is of sufficient quality for most uses. The Tokio and Warwick aquifers have better overall water quality than the Spiritwood aquifer. Water from the Spiritwood aquifer is used mostly for irrigation. The Warwick aquifer provides most of the consumable water for the reservation and for the city of Devils Lake. Annual water withdrawals from the Warwick aquifer by the Spirit Lake Nation ranged from 71 million gallons to 122 million gallons during 2000-04.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061144","usgsCitation":"Vining, K.C., and Cates, S.W., 2006, Summary of surface-water quality, ground-water quality, and water withdrawals for the Spirit Lake Reservation, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1144, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061144.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Spirit Lake Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.83333333333333,47.75 ], [ -99.83333333333333,48.833333333333336 ], [ -98,48.833333333333336 ], [ -98,47.75 ], [ -99.83333333333333,47.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cates, Steven W.","contributorId":71592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cates","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77011,"text":"ofr20061103 - 2006 - Borehole dilatometer installation, operation, and maintenance at sites in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T09:43:40","indexId":"ofr20061103","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1103","title":"Borehole dilatometer installation, operation, and maintenance at sites in Hawaii","docAbstract":"In response to concerns about the potential hazard of Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii, the USGS began efforts in 1998 to add four high-resolution borehole sites. Located at these sites are; strainmeters, tiltmeters, seismometers, accelerometers and other instrumentation. These instruments are capable of providing continuous monitoring of the magma movement under Mauna Loa. Each site was planned to provide multi-parameter monitoring of volcanic activity.\r\n\r\nIn June of 2000, a contract was let for the core drilling of three of these four sites. They are located at Hokukano (west side of Mauna Loa) above Captain Cook, Hawaii; at Mauna Loa Observatory (11,737 feet near the summit), and at Mauna Loa Strip Road (east side of Mauna Loa). Another site was chosen near Halema'uma u' and Kilauea's summit, in the Keller deep well. (See maps). The locations of these instruments are shown in Figure 1 with their latitude and longitude in Table 1.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this network is to monitor crustal deformation associated with volcanic intrusions and earthquakes on Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes. This report describes the methods used to locate sites, install dilatometers, other instrumentation, and telemetry. We also provide a detailed description of the electronics used for signal amplification and telemetry, plus techniques used for instrument maintenance. Instrument sites were selected in regions of hard volcanic rock where the expected signals from magmatic activity were calculated to be a maximum and the probability of earthquakes with magnitude 4 or greater is large. At each location, an attempt was made to separate tectonic and volcanic signals from known noise sources for each instrument type. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061103","usgsCitation":"Myren, G., Johnston, M., and Mueller, R., 2006, Borehole dilatometer installation, operation, and maintenance at sites in Hawaii (Version 1.0, Revised and reprinted 2006): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1103, Report: 81 p.; Additional report: 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061103.","productDescription":"Report: 81 p.; Additional report: 32 p.","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8149,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1103/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8150,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1103/of2006-1103_drawings.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.55679321289062, 20.128155311797183 ], [ -155.58425903320312, 20.117839630491634 ], [ -155.64056396484375, 20.153941536577403 ], [ -155.65841674804688, 20.168122145270342 ], [ -155.68862915039062, 20.179723502765153 ], [ -155.73394775390625, 20.204212422008773 ], [ -155.73394775390625, 20.218388457307814 ], [ -155.78475952148438, 20.246736652244206 ], [ -155.84381103515625, 20.267350272759373 ], [ -155.88363647460938, 20.260908810382347 ], [ -155.89874267578125, 20.235140288260343 ], [ -155.90423583984375, 20.188746184002486 ], [ -155.88912963867188, 20.13202351682182 ], [ -155.86441040039062, 20.075280256655788 ], [ -155.82733154296875, 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G.D.","contributorId":46947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myren","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, R.J.","contributorId":77135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76980,"text":"ofr2003295 - 2006 - Trends of Abutment-Scour Prediction Equations Applied to 144 Field Sites in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T16:17:20","indexId":"ofr2003295","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-295","title":"Trends of Abutment-Scour Prediction Equations Applied to 144 Field Sites in South Carolina","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration in which predicted abutment-scour depths computed with selected predictive equations were compared with field measurements of abutment-scour depth made at 144 bridges in South Carolina. The assessment used five equations published in the Fourth Edition of 'Evaluating Scour at Bridges,' (Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18), including the original Froehlich, the modified Froehlich, the Sturm, the Maryland, and the HIRE equations. An additional unpublished equation also was assessed. Comparisons between predicted and observed scour depths are intended to illustrate general trends and order-of-magnitude differences for the prediction equations. Field measurements were taken during non-flood conditions when the hydraulic conditions that caused the scour generally are unknown. The predicted scour depths are based on hydraulic conditions associated with the 100-year flow at all sites and the flood of record for 35 sites. Comparisons showed that predicted scour depths frequently overpredict observed scour and at times were excessive. The comparison also showed that underprediction occurred, but with less frequency. The performance of these equations indicates that they are poor predictors of abutment-scour depth in South Carolina, and it is probable that poor performance will occur when the equations are applied in other geographic regions. Extensive data and graphs used to compare predicted and observed scour depths in this study were compiled into spreadsheets and are included in digital format with this report. In addition to the equation-comparison data, Water-Surface Profile Model tube-velocity data, soil-boring data, and selected abutment-scour data are included in digital format with this report. The digital database was developed as a resource for future researchers and is especially valuable for evaluating the reasonableness of future equations that may be developed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003295","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., Deshpande, N., Aziz, N.M., and Conrads, P., 2006, Trends of Abutment-Scour Prediction Equations Applied to 144 Field Sites in South Carolina (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-295, vi, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003295.","productDescription":"vi, 131 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8797,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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