No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","usgsCitation":"Morman, S.A., 2010, Arsenic: a detective story in dusts: Earth, v. 55, no. 6, p. 40-47.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"40","endPage":"47","ipdsId":"IP-021184","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www2.usgs.gov/envirohealth/geohealth/pdfs/June2010EARTH_Feature_Arsenic_Morman.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"55","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c7e4b0d1f9f05067f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morman, Suzette A. 0000-0002-2532-1033 smorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1033","contributorId":996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"Suzette","email":"smorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98480,"text":"sir20105096 - 2010 - Modeling the Effects of Mortality on Sea Otter Populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"sir20105096","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5096","title":"Modeling the Effects of Mortality on Sea Otter Populations","docAbstract":"Conservation and management of sea otters can benefit from managing the magnitude and sex composition of human related mortality, including harvesting within sustainable levels. Using age and sex-specific reproduction and survival rates from field studies, we created matrix population models representing sea otter populations with growth rates of 1.005, 1.072, and 1.145, corresponding to stable, moderate, and rapid rates of change. In each modeled population, we incrementally imposed additional annual mortality over a 20-year period and calculated average annual rates of change (lambda). Additional mortality was applied to (1) males only, (2) at a 1:1 ratio of male to female, and (3) at a 3:1 ratio of male to female. Dependent pups (age 0-0.5) were excluded from the mortality. Maintaining a stable or slightly increasing population was largely dependent on (1) the magnitude of additional mortality, (2) the underlying rate of change in the population during the period of additional mortality, and (3) the extent that females were included in the additional mortality (due to a polygnous reproductive system where one male may breed with more than one female). In stable populations, additional mortality as high as 2.4 percent was sustainable if limited to males only, but was reduced to 1.2 percent when males and females were removed at ratios of 3:1 or 0.5 percent at ratios of 1:1. In moderate growth populations, additional mortality of 9.8 percent (male-only) and 15.0 percent (3:1 male to female) maximized the sustainable mortality about 3-10 ten-fold over the stable population levels. However, if additional mortality consists of males and females at equal proportions, the sustainable rate is 7.7 percent. In rapid growth populations, maximum sustainable levels of mortality as high as 27.3 percent were achieved when the ratio of additional mortality was 3:1 male to female. Although male-only mortality maximized annual harvest in stable populations, high male biased mortality in all simulations eventually led to low proportions of males, leading to instability in projected populations over time. Our findings identify the critical need to understand underlying rates of change that can be acquired only through frequent monitoring of managed populations. Models could be improved through better understanding of the effects of density and demographic and environmental stochasticity on sea otter vital rates. Although our primary objective was to provide information useful in managing harvests of sea otters, our findings have implications for the conservation and management of sea otter populations subjected to other sources of mortality that can be quantified, such as incidental, accidental, or illegal. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105096","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Ballachey, B.E., 2010, Modeling the Effects of Mortality on Sea Otter Populations: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5096, iv, 12 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105096.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13805,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70154942,"text":"70154942 - 2010 - Upper thermal tolerances of early life stages of freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-26T10:26:39","indexId":"70154942","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-29T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper thermal tolerances of early life stages of freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"Freshwater mussels (order Unioniformes) fulfill an essential role in benthic aquatic communities, but also are among the most sensitive and rapidly declining faunal groups in North America. Rising water temperatures, caused by global climate change, industrial discharges, drought, or land development, could further challenge imperiled unionid communities. The aim of our study was to determine the upper thermal tolerances of the larval (glochidia) and juvenile life stages of freshwater mussels. Glochidia of 8 species of mussels were tested: Lampsilis siliquoidea, Potamilus alatus, Ligumia recta, Ellipsaria lineolata,Lasmigona complanata, Megalonaias nervosa, Alasmidonta varicosa, and Villosa delumbis. Seven of these species also were tested as juveniles. Survival trends were monitored while mussels held at 3 acclimation temperatures (17, 22, and 27°C) were exposed to a range of common and extreme water temperatures (20–42°C) in standard acute laboratory tests. The average median lethal temperature (LT50) among species in 24-h tests with glochidia was 31.6°C and ranged from 21.4 to 42.7°C. The mean LT50 in 96-h juvenile tests was 34.7°C and ranged from 32.5 to 38.8°C. Based on comparisons of LT50s, thermal tolerances differed among species for glochidia, but not for juveniles. Acclimation temperature did not affect thermal tolerance for either life stage. Our results indicate that freshwater mussels already might be living close to their upper thermal tolerances in some systems and, thus, might be at risk from rising environmental temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"North American Benthological Society","publisherLocation":"Schaumberg, IL","doi":"10.1899/09-128.1","usgsCitation":"Pandolfo, T.J., Cope, W., Arellano, C., Bringolf, R.B., Barnhart, M., and Hammer, E., 2010, Upper thermal tolerances of early life stages of freshwater mussels: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 29, no. 3, p. 959-969, https://doi.org/10.1899/09-128.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"969","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034110","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dee336e4b0518e354e0829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pandolfo, Tamara J.","contributorId":146388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pandolfo","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W. Gregory","contributorId":70353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W. Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arellano, Consuelo","contributorId":147044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arellano","given":"Consuelo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bringolf, Robert B.","contributorId":139241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bringolf","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnhart, M. Christopher","contributorId":78061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M. Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hammer, E","contributorId":118928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammer","given":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70150460,"text":"70150460 - 2010 - The effects of road crossings on prairie stream habitat and function","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T09:18:13","indexId":"70150460","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-29T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of road crossings on prairie stream habitat and function","docAbstract":"Improperly designed stream crossing structures may alter the form and function of stream ecosystems and habitat and prohibit the movement of aquatic organisms. Stream sections adjoining five concrete box culverts, five low-water crossings (concrete slabs vented by one or multiple culverts), and two large, single corrugated culvert vehicle crossings in eastern Kansas streams were compared to reference reaches using a geomorphologic survey and stream classification. Stream reaches were also compared upstream and downstream of crossings, and crossing measurements were used to determine which crossing design best mimicked the natural dimensions of the adjoining stream. Four of five low-water crossings, three of five box culverts, and one of two large, single corrugated pipe culverts changed classification from upstream to downstream of the crossings. Mean riffle spacing upstream at low-water crossings (8.6 bankfull widths) was double that of downstream reaches (mean 4.4 bankfull widths) but was similar upstream and downstream of box and corrugated pipe culverts. There also appeared to be greater deposition of fine sediments directly upstream of these designs. Box and corrugated culverts were more similar to natural streams than low-water crossings at transporting water, sediments, and debris during bankfull flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oikos Publishers","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2010.9664398","usgsCitation":"Bouska, W.W., Keane, T., and Paukert, C.P., 2010, The effects of road crossings on prairie stream habitat and function: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 499-506, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2010.9664398.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"506","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013445","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77bee4b0b6d21dd6597b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouska, Wesley W.","contributorId":143724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouska","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keane, Timothy","contributorId":143725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keane","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98478,"text":"sir20105098 - 2010 - Nitrate Loads and Concentrations in Surface-Water Base Flow and Shallow Groundwater for Selected Basins in the United States, Water Years 1990-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"sir20105098","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5098","title":"Nitrate Loads and Concentrations in Surface-Water Base Flow and Shallow Groundwater for Selected Basins in the United States, Water Years 1990-2006","docAbstract":"Hydrograph separation was used to determine the base-flow component of streamflow for 148 sites sampled as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment program. Sites in the Southwest and the Northwest tend to have base-flow index values greater than 0.5. Sites in the Midwest and the eastern portion of the Southern Plains generally have values less than 0.5. Base-flow index values for sites in the Southeast and Northeast are mixed with values less than and greater than 0.5. Hypothesized flow paths based on relative scaling of soil and bedrock permeability explain some of the differences found in base-flow index. Sites in areas with impermeable soils and bedrock (areas where overland flow may be the primary hydrologic flow path) tend to have lower base-flow index values than sites in areas with either permeable bedrock or permeable soils (areas where deep groundwater flow paths or shallow groundwater flow paths may occur). \r\n\r\nThe percentage of nitrate load contributed by base flow was determined using total flow and base flow nitrate load models. These regression-based models were calibrated using available nitrate samples and total streamflow or base-flow nitrate samples and the base-flow component of total streamflow. Many streams in the country have a large proportion of nitrate load contributed by base flow: 40 percent of sites have more than 50 percent of the total nitrate load contributed by base flow. Sites in the Midwest and eastern portion of the Southern Plains generally have less than 50 percent of the total nitrate load contributed by base flow. Sites in the Northern Plains and Northwest have nitrate load ratios that generally are greater than 50 percent. Nitrate load ratios for sites in the Southeast and Northeast are mixed with values less than and greater than 50 percent. Significantly lower contributions of nitrate from base flow were found at sites in areas with impermeable soils and impermeable bedrock. These areas could be most responsive to nutrient management practices designed to reduce nutrient transport to streams by runoff. Conversely, sites with potential for shallow or deep groundwater contribution (some combination of permeable soils or permeable bedrock) had significantly greater contributions of nitrate from base flow. Effective nutrient management strategies would consider groundwater nitrate contributions in these areas. \r\n\r\nMean annual base-flow nitrate concentrations were compared to shallow-groundwater nitrate concentrations for 27 sites. Concentrations in groundwater tended to be greater than base-flow concentrations for this group of sites. Sites where groundwater concentrations were much greater than base-flow concentrations were found in areas of high infiltration and oxic groundwater conditions. The lack of correspondingly high concentrations in the base flow of the paired surface-water sites may have multiple causes. In some settings, there has not been sufficient time for enough high-nitrate shallow groundwater to migrate to the nearby stream. In these cases, the stream nitrate concentrations lag behind those in the shallow groundwater, and concentrations may increase in the future as more high-nitrate groundwater reaches the stream. Alternatively, some of these sites may have processes that rapidly remove nitrate as water moves from the aquifer into the stream channel. \r\n\r\nPartitioning streamflow and nitrate load between the quick-flow and base-flow portions of the hydrograph coupled with relative scales of soil permeability can infer the importance of surface water compared to groundwater nitrate sources. Study of the relation of nitrate concentrations to base-flow index and the comparison of groundwater nitrate concentrations to stream nitrate concentrations during times when base-flow index is high can provide evidence of potential nitrate transport mechanisms. Accounting for the surface-water and groundwater contributions of nitrate is crucial to effective management and remediat","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105098","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Spahr, N.E., Dubrovsky, N.M., Gronberg, J.M., Franke, O.L., and Wolock, D.M., 2010, Nitrate Loads and Concentrations in Surface-Water Base Flow and Shallow Groundwater for Selected Basins in the United States, Water Years 1990-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5098, vii, 20 p.; Supplemental Information, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105098.","productDescription":"vii, 20 p.; Supplemental Information","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1990-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5098.jpg"},{"id":13803,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franke, O. Lehn","contributorId":63357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lehn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156409,"text":"70156409 - 2010 - Analyzing turbidity, suspended-sediment concentration, and particle-size distribution resulting from a debris flow on Mount Jefferson, Oregon, November 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T20:09:00.146314","indexId":"70156409","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analyzing turbidity, suspended-sediment concentration, and particle-size distribution resulting from a debris flow on Mount Jefferson, Oregon, November 2006","docAbstract":"A debris flow and sediment torrent occurred on the flanks of Mt Jefferson in Oregon on November 6, 2006, inundating 150 acres of forest. The massive debris flow was triggered by a rock and snow avalanche from the Milk Creek glaciers and snowfields during the early onset of an intense storm originating near the Hawaiian Islands. The debris flow consisted of a heavy conglomerate of large boulders, cobbles, and coarse-grained sediment that was deposited at depths of up to 15 ft and within 3 mi of the glaciers, and a viscous slurry that deposited finer-grained sediments at depths of 0.5 to 3 ft. The muddy slurry coated standing trees within the lower reaches of Milk Creek as it moved downslope.
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With its origins in the meteorological discipline, NetCDF was created by the Unidata Program Center at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, in conjunction with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and other organizations. NetCDF is a portable, scalable, self-describing, binary file format optimized for storing array-based scientific data. Despite attributes which make NetCDF desirable to the modeling community, many natural resource managers have few desktop software packages which can consume NetCDF and unlock the valuable data contained within. The U.S. Geological Survey and the Joint Ecosystem Modeling group, an ecological modeling community of practice, are working to address this need with the EverVIEW Data Viewer. Available for several operating systems, this desktop software currently supports graphical displays of NetCDF data as spatial overlays on a three-dimensional globe and views of grid-cell values in tabular form. An included Open Geospatial Consortium compliant, Web-mapping service client and charting interface allows the user to view Web-available spatial data as additional map overlays and provides simple charting visualizations of NetCDF grid values.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103046","usgsCitation":"Conzelmann, C., and Romañach, S., 2010, Visualizing NetCDF Files by Using the EverVIEW Data Viewer: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3046, , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103046.","productDescription":" ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3046.jpg"},{"id":13801,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conzelmann, Craig 0000-0002-4227-8719 conzelmannc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-8719","contributorId":2361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conzelmann","given":"Craig","email":"conzelmannc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":2331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70158669,"text":"70158669 - 2010 - Use of time series and harmonic constituents of tidal propagation to enhance estimation of coastal aquifer heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T15:48:42.260906","indexId":"70158669","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of time series and harmonic constituents of tidal propagation to enhance estimation of coastal aquifer heterogeneity","docAbstract":"A synthetic two‐dimensional model of a horizontally and vertically heterogeneous confined coastal aquifer system, based on the Upper Floridan aquifer in south Florida, USA, subjected to constant recharge and a complex tidal signal was used to generate 15‐minute water‐level data at select locations over a 7‐day simulation period. “Observed” water‐level data were generated by adding noise, representative of typical barometric pressure variations and measurement errors, to 15‐minute data from the synthetic model. Permeability was calibrated using a non‐linear gradient‐based parameter inversion approach with preferred‐value Tikhonov regularization and 1) “observed” water‐level data, 2) harmonic constituent data, or 3) a combination of “observed” water‐level and harmonic constituent data. In all cases, high‐frequency data used in the parameter inversion process were able to characterize broad‐scale heterogeneities; the ability to discern fine‐scale heterogeneity was greater when harmonic constituent data were used. These results suggest that the combined use of highly parameterized‐inversion techniques and high frequency time and/or processed‐harmonic constituent water‐level data could be a useful approach to better characterize aquifer heterogeneities in coastal aquifers influenced by ocean tides.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SWIM21 – 21st Salt Water Intrusion Meeting Proceedings Book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"21st Salt Water Intrusion Meeting (SWIM21 – AZORES 2010)","conferenceDate":"June 21-26, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Azores, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Wechselnde Verlagsorte","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., White, J., and Langevin, C.D., 2010, Use of time series and harmonic constituents of tidal propagation to enhance estimation of coastal aquifer heterogeneity, in SWIM21 – 21st Salt Water Intrusion Meeting Proceedings Book, Azores, Portugal, June 21-26, 2010, p. 329-332.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"332","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021172","costCenters":[{"id":286,"text":"Florida Water Science Center-Ft. Lauderdale","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560faad7e4b0ba4884c5eed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156775,"text":"70156775 - 2010 - Evaluating the effect of Tikhonov regularization schemes on predictions in a variable-density groundwater model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T15:48:19.844793","indexId":"70156775","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating the effect of Tikhonov regularization schemes on predictions in a variable-density groundwater model","docAbstract":"Calibration of highly‐parameterized numerical models typically requires explicit Tikhonovtype regularization to stabilize the inversion process. This regularization can take the form of a preferred parameter values scheme or preferred relations between parameters, such as the preferred equality scheme. The resulting parameter distributions calibrate the model to a user‐defined acceptable level of model‐to‐measurement misfit, and also minimize regularization penalties on the total objective function. To evaluate the potential impact of these two regularization schemes on model predictive ability, a dataset generated from a synthetic model was used to calibrate a highly-parameterized variable‐density SEAWAT model. The key prediction is the length of time a synthetic pumping well will produce potable water. A bi‐objective Pareto analysis was used to explicitly characterize the relation between two competing objective function components: measurement error and regularization error. Results of the Pareto analysis indicate that both types of regularization schemes affect the predictive ability of the calibrated model.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SWIM21 – 21st Salt Water Intrusion Meeting Proceedings Book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"21st Salt Water Intrusion Meeting (SWIM21 – AZORES 2010)","conferenceDate":"June 21-26, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Azores, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Wechselnde Verlagsorte","usgsCitation":"White, J., Langevin, C.D., and Hughes, J.D., 2010, Evaluating the effect of Tikhonov regularization schemes on predictions in a variable-density groundwater model, in SWIM21 – 21st Salt Water Intrusion Meeting Proceedings Book, Azores, Portugal, June 21-26, 2010, p. 344-348.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"348","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021176","costCenters":[{"id":286,"text":"Florida Water Science Center-Ft. Lauderdale","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.swim-site.nl/pdf/swim21.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8262e4b0824b2d1485a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98475,"text":"ds513 - 2010 - Geochemical Results of Lysimeter Sampling at the Manning Canyon Repository in the Mercur Mining District, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"ds513","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"513","title":"Geochemical Results of Lysimeter Sampling at the Manning Canyon Repository in the Mercur Mining District, Utah","docAbstract":"This report presents chemical characteristics of transient unsaturated-zone water collected by lysimeter from the Manning Canyon repository site in Utah. Data collected by U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management scientists under an intragovernmental order comprise the existing body of hydrochemical information on unsaturated-zone conditions at the site and represent the first effort to characterize the chemistry of the soil pore water surrounding the repository. Analyzed samples showed elevated levels of arsenic, barium, chromium, and strontium, which are typical of acidic mine drainage. The range of major-ion concentrations generally showed expected soil values. Although subsequent sampling is necessary to determine long-term effects of the repository, current results provide initial data concerning reactive processes of precipitation on the mine tailings and waste rock stored at the site and provide information on the effectiveness of reclamation operations at the Manning Canyon repository. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds513","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Earle, J., and Choate, L., 2010, Geochemical Results of Lysimeter Sampling at the Manning Canyon Repository in the Mercur Mining District, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 513, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds513.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":687,"text":"Yucca Mountain Project Branch","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_513.jpg"},{"id":13758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/513/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.28333333333333,40.483333333333334 ], [ -112.28333333333333,40.5 ], [ -112.25,40.5 ], [ -112.25,40.483333333333334 ], [ -112.28333333333333,40.483333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae98a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earle, John","contributorId":86733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choate, LaDonna","contributorId":32887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"LaDonna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236326,"text":"70236326 - 2010 - The role of mosses in ecosystem succession and function in Alaska’s boreal forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T17:18:55.044297","indexId":"70236326","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-24T12:10:01","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of mosses in ecosystem succession and function in Alaska’s boreal forest","docAbstract":"Shifts in moss communities may affect the resilience of boreal ecosystems to a changing climate because of the role of moss species in regulating soil climate and biogeochemical cycling. Here, we use long-term data analysis and literature synthesis to examine the role of moss in ecosystem succession, productivity, and decomposition. In Alaskan forests, moss abundance showed a unimodal distribution with time since fire, peaking 30–70 years post-fire. We found no evidence of mosses compensating for low vascular productivity in low-fertility sites at large scales, although a trade-off between moss and vascular productivity was evident in intermediate-productivity sites. Mosses contributed 48% and 20% of wetland and upland productivity, respectively, but produced tissue that decomposed more slowly than both nonwoody and woody vascular tissues. Increasing fire frequency in Alaska is likely to favor feather moss proliferation and decrease Sphagnum abundance, which will reduce soil moisture retention and decrease peat accumulation, likely leading to deeper burning during wildfire and accelerated permafrost thaw. The roles of moss traits in regulating key aspects of boreal performance (ecosystem N supply, C sequestration, permafrost stability, and fire severity) represent critical areas for understanding the resilience of Alaska’s boreal forest region under changing climate and disturbance regimes.
In the 1970s, Viking and Mariner observed areas in the polar regions of Mars with winter brightness temperatures below the expected kinetic temperatures for CO2 ice sublimation. These areas have since been termed “cold spots” and have been identified as surface deposits of CO2 atmospheric condensates and, occasionally, active CO2 storms. Three Mars years of data from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer were used to observe autumn and winter cold spot activity. In this study, cold spots that occur near and on the southern perennial cap were compared to those found near or on the northern perennial cap. On the southern perennial cap, cold spots associated with topographic features (induced by orographic lifting) were less common than cold spots independent of topography, similar to the north. However, the cold spots in the south lasted longer than those observed in the north. There is also evidence that cold spot formation in the south was affected by the global dust storm of 2001, even though the dust storm occurred during the southern spring and summer seasons. Prior to the dust storm, the amount of overall cold spot activity closer to the perennial cap increased and the average CO2 grain size for most of the cold spots increased as well. Following the dust storm, the majority of cold spots in the south increased in size and duration but they did not form north of 62°S latitude, whereas, in other years, cold spots formed as far north as 48°S.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2009JE003514","usgsCitation":"Cornwall, C., and Titus, T.N., 2010, A comparison of Martian north and south polar cold spots and the long‐term effects of the 2001 global dust storm: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 115, no. E6, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003514.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009je003514","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"115","issue":"E6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornwall, C.","contributorId":43592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199985,"text":"70199985 - 2010 - Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T08:44:34","indexId":"70199985","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T08:43:58","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions","docAbstract":"The relative impact of a large upstream dam versus in‐reach groundwater pumping on stream temperatures was analyzed for humid, semiarid, and arid conditions with long dry seasons to represent typical climate regions where large dams are present, such as the western United States or eastern Australia. Stream temperatures were simulated using the CE‐QUAL‐W2 water quality model over a 110 km model grid, with the presence or absence of a dam at the top of the reach and pumping in the lower 60 km of the reach. Measured meteorological data from three representative locations were used as model input to simulate the impact of varying climate conditions on streamflow and stream temperature. For each climate condition four hypothetical streamflow scenarios were modeled: (1) natural (no dam or pumping), (2) large upstream dam present, (3) dam with in‐reach pumping, and (4) no dam with pumping, resulting in 12 cases. Dam removal, in the presence or absence of pumping, resulted in significant changes in stream temperature throughout the year for all three climate conditions. From March to August, the presence of a dam caused monthly mean stream temperatures to decrease on average by approximately 3.0°C, 2.5°C, and 2.0°C for the humid, semiarid, and arid conditions, respectively; however, stream temperatures generally increased from September to February. Pumping caused stream temperatures to warm in summer and cool in winter by generally less than 0.5°C because of a smaller pumping‐induced alteration in streamflow relative to the dam. Though the presence or absence of a large dam led to greater changes in stream temperature than the presence or absence of pumping, ephemeral conditions were increased both temporally and spatially because of pumping.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008587","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Constantz, J., Essaid, H.I., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 6, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008587.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008587","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6d3e4b034bf6a7f4918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98472,"text":"sir20105035 - 2010 - Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T23:03:24.738826","indexId":"sir20105035","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5035","displayTitle":"Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kaua`i, O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui, and Hawai`i, State of Hawai`i","title":"Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii","docAbstract":"This study provides an updated analysis of the magnitude and frequency of peak stream discharges in Hawai`i. Annual peak-discharge data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during and before water year 2008 (ending September 30, 2008) at stream-gaging stations were analyzed. The existing generalized-skew value for the State of Hawai`i was retained, although three methods were used to evaluate whether an update was needed. \r\n\r\nRegional regression equations were developed for peak discharges with 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence intervals for unregulated streams (those for which peak discharges are not affected to a large extent by upstream reservoirs, dams, diversions, or other structures) in areas with less than 20 percent combined medium- and high-intensity development on Kaua`i, O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui, and Hawai`i. The generalized-least-squares (GLS) regression equations relate peak stream discharge to quantified basin characteristics (for example, drainage-basin area and mean annual rainfall) that were determined using geographic information system (GIS) methods. \r\n\r\nEach of the islands of Kaua`i,O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui, and Hawai`i was divided into two regions, generally corresponding to a wet region and a dry region. Unique peak-discharge regression equations were developed for each region. The regression equations developed for this study have standard errors of prediction ranging from 16 to 620 percent. Standard errors of prediction are greatest for regression equations developed for leeward Moloka`i and southern Hawai`i. In general, estimated 100-year peak discharges from this study are lower than those from previous studies, which may reflect the longer periods of record used in this study. Each regression equation is valid within the range of values of the explanatory variables used to develop the equation. The regression equations were developed using peak-discharge data from streams that are mainly unregulated, and they should not be used to estimate peak discharges in regulated streams. Use of a regression equation beyond its limits will produce peak-discharge estimates with unknown error and should therefore be avoided. Improved estimates of the magnitude and frequency of peak discharges in Hawai`i will require continued operation of existing stream-gaging stations and operation of additional gaging stations for areas such as Moloka`i and Hawai`i, where limited stream-gaging data are available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawai`i Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., Rosa, S.N., and Yeung, C.W., 2010, Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5035, v, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105035.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422860,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado","docAbstract":"Land use in the South Platte River valley between the cities of Brighton and Fort Lupton, Colo., is undergoing change as urban areas expand, and the extent of aggregate mining in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area is increasing as the demand for aggregate grows in response to urban development. To improve understanding of land-use change and the potential effects of land-use change and aggregate mining on groundwater flow, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the cities of Brighton and Fort Lupton, analyzed socioeconomic and land-use trends and constructed a numerical groundwater flow model of the South Platte alluvial aquifer in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area. The numerical groundwater flow model was used to simulate (1) steady-state hydrologic effects of predicted land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040, (2) transient cumulative hydrologic effects of the potential extent of reclaimed aggregate pits in 2020 and 2040, (3) transient hydrologic effects of actively dewatered aggregate pits, and (4) effects of different hypothetical pit spacings and configurations on groundwater levels. The SLEUTH (Slope, Land cover, Exclusion, Urbanization, Transportation, and Hillshade) urban-growth modeling program was used to predict the extent of urban area in 2020 and 2040. Wetlands in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area were mapped as part of the study, and mapped wetland locations and areas of riparian herbaceous vegetation previously mapped by the Colorado Division of Wildlife were compared to simulation results to indicate areas where wetlands or riparian herbaceous vegetation might be affected by groundwater-level changes resulting from land-use change or aggregate mining. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of land-use conditions in 1957, 1977, and 2000 indicated that the general distribution of irrigated land and non-irrigated land remained similar from 1957 to 2000, but both land uses decreased as urban area increased. Urban area increased about 165 percent from 1957 to 1977 and about 56 percent from 1977 to 2000 with most urban growth occurring east of Brighton and Fort Lupton and along major transportation corridors. Land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 predicted by the SLEUTH modeling program indicated urban growth will continue to develop primarily east of Brighton and Fort Lupton and along major transportation routes, but substantial urban growth also is predicted south and west of Brighton. \r\n\r\nSteady-state simulations of the hydrologic effects of predicted land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 indicated groundwater levels declined less than 2 feet relative to simulated groundwater levels in 2000. Groundwater levels declined most where irrigated land was converted to urban area and least where non-irrigated land was converted to urban area. Simulated groundwater-level declines resulting from land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 are not predicted to substantially affect wetlands or riparian herbaceous vegetation in the study area because the declines are small and wetlands and riparian herbaceous vegetation generally are not located where simulated declines occur. \r\n\r\nSee Report PDF for unabridged abstract. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Fort Lupton and the City of Brighton","usgsCitation":"Arnold, L.R., Mladinich, C., Langer, W.H., and Daniels, J., 2010, Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5019, viii, 117 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105019.","productDescription":"viii, 117 p. 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Although advances in multibeam echosounder technology permit the construction of high-resolution representations of sea-floor topography in deeper waters, limitations inherent in collecting fixed-angle multibeam data make using this technology in shallower waters (less than 10 meters deep) difficult and expensive. These limitations have often resulted in data gaps between areas for which multibeam bathymetric datasets are available and the adjacent shoreline. \r\n\r\nTo address this problem, the geospatial data sets released in this report seamlessly integrate complete-coverage multibeam bathymetric data acquired off New London and Niantic Bay, Connecticut, with hydrographic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data acquired along the nearshore. The result is a more continuous sea floor representation and a much smaller gap between the digital bathymetric data and the shoreline than previously available. These data sets are provided online and on CD-ROM in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) raster-grid and GeoTIFF formats in order to facilitate access, compatibility, and utility.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091231","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Danforth, W.W., McMullen, K., Parker, C.E., Lewit, P., and Doran, E.F., 2010, Integrated Multibeam and LIDAR Bathymetry Data Offshore of New London and Niantic, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1231, , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091231.","productDescription":" ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1231.jpg"},{"id":13753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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[-72.24969181255085, 41.241076441845465, -71.99116190013433, 41.375186460715426], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091912\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e17d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L. J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMullen, K. Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":28684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":305423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewit, P.G.","contributorId":76028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewit","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98471,"text":"ofr20101116 - 2010 - Geological Impacts and Sedimentary Record of the February 27, 2010, Chile Tsunami-La Trinchera to Concepcion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"ofr20101116","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1116","title":"Geological Impacts and Sedimentary Record of the February 27, 2010, Chile Tsunami-La Trinchera to Concepcion","docAbstract":"The February 27, 2010, Chilean tsunami substantially altered the coastal landscape and left a permanent depositional record that may be preserved at many locales along the central coast of Chile. From April 24 to May 2, 2010, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Chilean scientists examined the geological impacts of the tsunami at five sites along a 200-km segment of coast centered on the earthquake epicenter. Significant observations include: (1) substantial tsunami-induced erosion and deposition (+/- 1 m) on the coastal plain; (2) erosion from return flow, inundation scour around the bases of trees, and widespread planation of the land surface; (3) tsunami sand deposits at all sites that extended to near the limit of inundation except at one site; (4) evidence of multiple strong onshore waves that arrived at different times and from different directions; (5) vegetation height and density controlled the thickness of tsunami deposits at one site, (6) the abundance of layers of plane-parallel stratification in some deposits and the presence of large bedforms at one site indicated at least some of the sediment was transported as bed load and not as suspended load; (7) shoreward transport of mud boulders and rock cobbles where they were available; and (8) the maximum tsunami inundation distance (2.35 km) was up an alluvial valley. \r\n\r\nMost of the tsunami deposits were less than 25 cm thick, which is consistent with tsunami-deposit thicknesses found elsewhere (for example, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Sumatra, Sri Lanka). Exceptions were the thick tsunami deposits near the mouths of Rio Huenchullami (La Trinchera) and Rio Maule (Constitucion), where the sediment supply was abundant. The substantial vertical erosion of the coastal plain at Constitucion \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101116","collaboration":"United States and Chile International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST)","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Buckley, M.L., Gelfenbaum, G., Richmond, B.M., Cecioni, A., Artal, O., Hoffmann, C., and Perez, F., 2010, Geological Impacts and Sedimentary Record of the February 27, 2010, Chile Tsunami-La Trinchera to Concepcion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1116, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101116.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-04-24","temporalEnd":"2010-05-02","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1116.jpg"},{"id":13755,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,37 ], [ -74,35 ], [ -72,35 ], [ -72,37 ], [ -74,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, Mark L.","contributorId":41385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cecioni, Adriano","contributorId":106215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecioni","given":"Adriano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Artal, Osvaldo","contributorId":92367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artal","given":"Osvaldo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoffmann, Constanza","contributorId":63897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Constanza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perez, Felipe","contributorId":27564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"Felipe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":98470,"text":"ofr20101132 - 2010 - Estimated minimum discharge rates of the Deepwater Horizon spill— Interim report to the flow rate technical group from the Mass Balance Team","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-02T20:05:52.539931","indexId":"ofr20101132","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1132","title":"Estimated minimum discharge rates of the Deepwater Horizon spill— Interim report to the flow rate technical group from the Mass Balance Team","docAbstract":"All of the calculations and results in this report are preliminary and intended for the purpose, and only for the purpose, of aiding the incident team in assessing the extent of the spilled oil for ongoing response efforts. Other applications of this report are not authorized and are not considered valid. Because of time constraints and limitations of data available to the experts, many of their estimates are approximate, are subject to revision, and certainly should not be used as the Federal Government's final values for assessing volume of the spill or its impact to the environment or to coastal communities. Each expert that contributed to this report reserves the right to alter his conclusions based upon further analysis or additional information. \r\n\r\nAn estimated minimum total oil discharge was determined by calculations of oil volumes measured as of May 17, 2010. This included oil on the ocean surface measured with satellite and airborne images and with spectroscopic data (129,000 barrels to 246,000 barrels using less and more aggressive assumptions, respectively), oil skimmed off the surface (23,500 barrels from U.S. Coast Guard [USCG] estimates), oil burned off the surface (11,500 barrels from USCG estimates), dispersed subsea oil (67,000 to 114,000 barrels), and oil evaporated or dissolved (109,000 to 185,000 barrels). Sedimentation (oil captured from Mississippi River silt and deposited on the ocean bottom), biodegradation, and other processes may indicate significant oil volumes beyond our analyses, as will any subsurface volumes such as suspended tar balls or other emulsions that are not included in our estimates. The lower bounds of total measured volumes are estimated to be within the range of 340,000 to 580,000 barrels as of May 17, 2010, for an estimated average minimum discharge rate of 12,500 to 21,500 barrels per day for 27 days from April 20 to May 17, 2010.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101132","usgsCitation":"Labson, V.F., Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K., Powers, M.H., Plumlee, G.S., and Meeker, G.P., 2010, Estimated minimum discharge rates of the Deepwater Horizon spill— Interim report to the flow rate technical group from the Mass Balance Team: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1132, iv, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101132.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-05-17","temporalEnd":"2010-05-17","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1132.jpg"},{"id":388811,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93301.htm"},{"id":13754,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -87.484130859375,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -87.484130859375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 27.955591004642553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labson, Victor F. 0000-0003-1905-1820 vlabson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-1820","contributorId":326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"Victor","email":"vlabson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":26338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":98473,"text":"sir20095272 - 2010 - Indicators of streamflow alteration, habitat fragmentation, impervious cover, and water quality for Massachusetts stream basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:29:19","indexId":"sir20095272","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5272","title":"Indicators of streamflow alteration, habitat fragmentation, impervious cover, and water quality for Massachusetts stream basins","docAbstract":"Massachusetts streams and stream basins have been subjected to a wide variety of human alterations since colonial times. These alterations include water withdrawals, treated wastewater discharges, construction of onsite septic systems and dams, forest clearing, and urbanization—all of which have the potential to affect streamflow regimes, water quality, and habitat integrity for fish and other aquatic biota. Indicators were developed to characterize these types of potential alteration for subbasins and groundwater contributing areas in Massachusetts.\n\nThe potential alteration of streamflow by the combined effects of withdrawals and discharges was assessed under two water-use scenarios. Water-use scenario 1 incorporated publicly reported groundwater withdrawals and discharges, direct withdrawals from and discharges to streams, and estimated domestic-well withdrawals and septic-system discharges. Surface-water-reservoir withdrawals were excluded from this scenario. Water-use scenario 2 incorporated all the types of withdrawal and discharge included in scenario 1 as well as withdrawals from surface-water reservoirs—all on a long-term, mean annual basis. All withdrawal and discharge data were previously reported to the State for the 2000–2004 period, except domestic-well withdrawals and septic-system discharges, which were estimated for this study.\n\nThe majority of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were estimated to have relatively minor (less than 10 percent) alteration of streamflow under water-use scenario 1 (seasonally varying water use; no surface-water-reservoir withdrawals). However, about 12 percent of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were estimated to have extensive alteration of streamflows (greater than 40 percent) in August; most of these basins were concentrated in the outer metropolitan Boston region. Potential surcharging of streamflow in August was most commonly indicated for main-stem river subbasins, although surcharging was also indicated for some smaller tributary subbasins. In the high-flow month of April, only 4.8 percent of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas had more than 10 percent potential flow alteration. A majority of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were also indicated to have relatively minor alteration of streamflow under water-use scenario 2 (long-term average water use, including surface-water-reservoir withdrawals). Extensive alteration of mean annual flows was estimated for about 6 percent of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas. The majority of subbasins estimated to have extensive long-term flow alteration contained reservoirs that were specifically designed, constructed, and managed to supply drinking water to cities. Only a small number of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas (1 percent) were extensively surcharged on a long-term, mean annual basis. Because site-specific data concerning surface-water-reservoir storage dynamics and management practices are not available statewide, the seasonal effects of surface-water-reservoir withdrawals on downstream flows could not be assessed in this study.\n\nThe impounded storage ratio (volume of impounded subbasin or groundwater-contributing-area storage divided by mean annual predevelopment outflow from the subbasin or contributing area, in units of days) indicates the potential for alteration of streamflow, sediment-transport, and temperature regimes by dams, independent of water use. Storage ratios were less than 1 day for 33 percent of the subbasins and groundwater contributing areas, greater than 1 month for about 40 percent of the cases, and greater than 1 year for 3.2 percent of the cases statewide. Dam density, an indicator of stream-habitat fragmentation by dams, averaged 1 dam for every 6.7 stream miles statewide. Many of these dams are not presently (2009) being managed. The highest dam densities were in portions of Worcester County and in the Plymouth-Carver region, respectively, reflecting the historical reliance of Massachusetts industry upon water power and agricultural water-management practices in southeastern Massachusetts.\n\nImpervious cover is a frequently used indicator of urban land use. About 33 percent of the state’s 1,429 subbasins and groundwater contributing areas are relatively undeveloped at the local scale, with a local impervious cover of less than 4 percent. About 18 percent of Massachusetts subbasins and contributing areas are highly developed, with a local impervious cover greater than 16 percent. The remaining 49 percent of subbasins and contributing areas have levels of urban development between these extremes (4 to 16 percent local impervious cover). Cumulative impervious cover, defined for the entire upstream area encompassed by each subbasin, shows a smaller range (0 to 55 percent) than local impervious cover. Both local and cumulative impervious cover were highest in metropolitan Boston and other urban centers. High elevated impervious-cover values were also found along major transportation corridors.\n\nThe water-quality status of Massachusetts streams is assessed periodically by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection pursuant to the requirements of the Federal Clean Water Act. Streams selected for assessment are commonly located in larger subbasins where some degree of impairment is expected. In the 72 percent of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas with assessed streams in 2002, more than 50 percent of the assessed stream miles were considered impaired. All of the assessed stream miles were considered impaired in 66 percent of the subbasins and groundwater contributing areas with assessed streams. Large streams, such as the main stems of rivers that make up most of the assessed stream miles, also are in many cases the receiving waters for treated wastewater discharges and for this reason may be more susceptible to water-quality impairments than smaller streams. Subbasins and contributing areas with large fractions of assessed stream miles that are listed as impaired are distributed across the state, but are more prevalent in eastern Massachusetts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095272","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with theMassachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation","usgsCitation":"Weiskel, P.K., Brandt, S.L., DeSimone, L., Ostiguy, L., and Archfield, S.A., 2010, Indicators of streamflow alteration, habitat fragmentation, impervious cover, and water quality for Massachusetts stream basins (Originally posted June 2010; Revised September 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5272, Pamphlet: x, 70 p.; CD-ROM; 2 Appendixes; GIS Map, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095272.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: x, 70 p.; CD-ROM; 2 Appendixes; GIS Map","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5272.jpg"},{"id":14594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":269713,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5272/pdf/sir2009-5272_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.51,41.24 ], [ -73.51,42.89 ], [ -69.93,42.89 ], [ -69.93,41.24 ], [ -73.51,41.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted June 2010; Revised September 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Sara L.","contributorId":89240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ostiguy, Lance J. lostiguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostiguy","given":"Lance J.","email":"lostiguy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70230188,"text":"70230188 - 2010 - Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T14:28:11.815072","indexId":"70230188","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T09:17:31","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates","docAbstract":"In view of the current lack of reliable partition coefficients for organic compounds with carbohydrates (Kch), carefully measured values with cellulose and starch, the two major forms of carbohydrates, are provided for a wide range of compounds: short-chain chlorinated hydrocarbons, halogenated benzenes, alkyl benzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides. To ensure the accuracy of the Kch data, solute concentrations in both water and carbohydrate phases are measured by direct solvent extraction of the samples. For a given compound, the observed partition coefficient with cellulose (Kcl) is virtually the same as that with starch (Kst). This finding expedites the evaluation of organic contamination with different forms of carbohydrates. The presently determined Kch values of 13 PAHs are substantially lower (by 3−66 times) than the literature data; the latter are suspect as they were obtained with (i) presumably impure carbohydrate samples or (ii) indirectly measured equilibrium solute concentrations in carbohydrate and water phases. Although the Kch values are generally considerably lower than the respective Kow (octanol−water) or Klipid (lipid−water), accurate Kch data are duly required to accurately estimate the contamination of carbohydrates by organic compounds because of the abundance of carbohydrates over lipids in crops and plants. To overcome the current lack of reliable Kch data for organic compounds, a close correlation of log Kch with log Kow has been established for predicting the unavailable Kch data for low-polarity compounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es1004413","usgsCitation":"Hung, H., Lin, T., and Chiou, C.T., 2010, Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 14, p. 5430-5436, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1004413.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5430","endPage":"5436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hung, Hsu-Wen","contributorId":289600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"Hsu-Wen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Tsair-Fuh","contributorId":289601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Tsair-Fuh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, Cary T. 0000-0002-8743-0702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-0702","contributorId":189558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98465,"text":"ds504 - 2010 - Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T21:06:01.109593","indexId":"ds504","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"504","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 766-square-mile South Coast Range–Coastal (SCRC) study unit was investigated from May to December 2008, as part of the Priority Basins Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basins Project was developed in response to legislative mandates (Supplemental Report of the 1999 Budget Act 1999-00 Fiscal Year; and, the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 [Sections 10780-10782.3 of the California Water Code, Assembly Bill 599]) to assess and monitor the quality of groundwater in California, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The SCRC study unit was the 25th study unit to be sampled as part of the GAMA Priority Basins Project.
The SCRC study unit was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated groundwater quality in the primary aquifer systems and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as primary aquifers) were defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the SCRC study unit. The quality of groundwater in shallow or deep water-bearing zones may differ from the quality of groundwater in the primary aquifers; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. In the SCRC study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 70 wells in two study areas (Basins and Uplands) in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties. Fifty-five of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and 15 wells were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells). In addition to the 70 wells sampled, 3 surface-water samples were collected in streams near 2 of the sampled wells in order to better comprehend the interaction between groundwater and surface water in the area.
The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, polar pesticides and metabolites, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-TCP), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], major and minor ions, silica, total dissolved solids [TDS], and alkalinity), and radioactive constituents (gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity). Naturally occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water, stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate, stable isotopes of sulfur in dissolved sulfate, stable isotopes of carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon, activities of tritium, and carbon-14 abundance), and dissolved gases (including noble gases) also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, 298 constituents and field water-quality indicators were investigated. Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix-spikes) were collected at approximately 3 to 12 percent of the wells in the SCRC study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples generally were less than 10 percent relative and/or standard deviation, indicating acceptable analytical reproducibility. Matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 84 percent of the compounds.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, untreated groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, and/or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH, and to non-regulatory thresholds established for aesthetic concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and thresholds for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or noncompliance with those thresholds. Most organic and inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 55 grid wells in the SCRC study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water thresholds. In addition, all detections of organic constituents in SCRC grid well samples were less than health-based thresholds. In total, VOCs were detected in 33 percent of the 55 grid wells sampled and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 27 percent of grid wells sampled in the SCRC study unit. In the Basins study area, VOCs and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in approximately 33 percent of the 39 grid wells. In the Uplands study area, VOCs were detected in approximately 31 percent and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in approximately 13 percent of the 16 grid wells. Trace elements and minor ions were sampled for at 32 grid wells and nutrients at 33 grid wells in the SCRC study unit, and most detections were less than health-based thresholds. Exceptions in the Basins study area include one detection of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 µg/L and three detections of nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (NO2-+NO3-) greater than the MCL-US of 10 mg/L. Exceptions in the Uplands study area include two detections of arsenic greater than the MCL-US and eight detections of molybdenum greater than the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) of 40 µg/L. All detections of major and minor ions and gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity from the SCRC grid wells were less than health-based thresholds.
Results for trace elements, major ions, and TDS with non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns from 16 Basins study area grid wells showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 µg/L were detected in grid wells. Manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA of 50 µg/L were detected in six grid wells.
Chloride concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L were detected in one grid well. Sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L were measured in 12 grid wells and 3 of these wells also were greater than the upper SMCL-CA threshold of 500 mg/L. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended threshold of 500 mg/L were measured in 14 of the 16 Basins study area grid wells and concentrations in 5 of these wells also were greater than the SMCL-CA upper threshold of 1,000 mg/L.
In the Uplands study area, iron concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA were detected in 2 of 16 grid wells and manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA were detected in 3 grid wells. TDS and sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA thresholds were detected in 11 and 2 grid wells, respectively, but none of these concentrations were greater than the SMCL-CA upper thresholds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds504","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., Burton, C., Land, M., and Belitz, K., 2010, Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 504, x, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds504.","productDescription":"x, 106 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_504.jpg"},{"id":404083,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93305.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13750,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/504/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Coast Range-Coastal study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.9056,\n 35.350\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 35.350\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 34.5417\n ],\n [\n -120.9056,\n 34.5417\n ],\n [\n -120.9056,\n 35.350\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}