A study was undertaken to evaluate the processes affecting the chemistry of shallow ground water associated with agricultural drainage systems in the western San Joaquin Valley, California. The study was prompted by a need for an understanding of selenium mobility in areas having high selenium concentrations in shallow ground water. Groundwater samples were collected along transects in three artificially drained fields where the age of the drainage system varied (15, 6, and 1.5 years). Selenium concentrations in the drainage water also varied (0F30, 58, and 3700 micrograms per liter, respectively). Isotopic enrichment and chemical composition of the ground-water samples indicate that saline- and selenium-enriched water has evolved as a result of evaporation of ground water. This evaporated, isotopically enriched water is being displaced by more recent, less saline irrigation water percolating through the root zone. This displace-ment seems to be a process whereby sodium chloride and sodium sulfate water is being replaced by more dilute calcium sulfate and calcium bicarbonate water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87220","usgsCitation":"Deverel, S.J., and Fujii, R., 1987, Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow ground water of agricultural areas, western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-220, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87220.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359563,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db654980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deverel, S. J.","contributorId":65478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deverel","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":179533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16066,"text":"ofr87692 - 1987 - Preliminary water-use estimates in the United States in 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:16","indexId":"ofr87692","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-692","title":"Preliminary water-use estimates in the United States in 1985","docAbstract":"Preliminary 1985 water use estimates are tabulated by State for the Und States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia. Preliminary estimates of water withdrawn from surface water and groundwater sources for offstream water use categories are presented prior to publication of the final estimates in a U.S. Geological Survey Circular to allow for the timely release of the estimates to the general public. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87692","usgsCitation":"Solley, W., Pierce, R., and Merk, C., 1987, Preliminary water-use estimates in the United States in 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-692, 5 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87692.","productDescription":"5 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0692/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44999,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0692/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e66e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solley, W.B.","contributorId":25960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solley","given":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, R.R.","contributorId":52201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merk, C.F.","contributorId":67517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merk","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":17732,"text":"ofr87222 - 1987 - Subsurface transport of radionuclides in shallow deposits of the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington: Review of selected previous work and suggestions for further study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T20:14:14.776811","indexId":"ofr87222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-222","title":"Subsurface transport of radionuclides in shallow deposits of the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington: Review of selected previous work and suggestions for further study","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87222","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987, Subsurface transport of radionuclides in shallow deposits of the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Washington: Review of selected previous work and suggestions for further study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-222, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87222.","productDescription":"61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410392,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17164.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":46951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0222/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hanford Nuclear Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.82166336036016,\n 46.73580140809722\n ],\n [\n -119.82166336036016,\n 46.348016743190186\n ],\n [\n -119.27098636785104,\n 46.348016743190186\n ],\n [\n -119.27098636785104,\n 46.73580140809722\n ],\n [\n -119.82166336036016,\n 46.73580140809722\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19115,"text":"ofr87224 - 1987 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T10:55:22","indexId":"ofr87224","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-224","title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas, 1985","docAbstract":"Hydrologic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1954. Studies are now in progress in Austin, and Houston. Studies have been completed in the Dallas, Fort Worth, and San Antonio areas.
\nThe Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Reources, began hydrologic studies in the Austin urban area in 1954. In cooperation with the city of Austin, the program was expanded in 1975 to include additional streamflow and rainfall gaging stations, and the collection of surface water-quality data. In 1978, the program was expanded to include a ground-water resources study of the South Austin metropolitan area in the Balcones Fault Zone.
\nThe objectives of the Austin urban hydrology study are as follows:
\nThis report presents the basic hydrologic data collected in the Austin urban area for the 1985 water year (Oct. 1, 1984 to Sept. 30, 1985). Additional explanations of terms related to streamflow, water quality, and other hydrologic data used in this report are defined in the U.S. Geological Survey annual report Water Resources Data for Texas, TX-85-3, 1985.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr87224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Austin","usgsCitation":"Gordon, J., Pate, D., and Dorsey, M., 1987, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-224, vi, 170 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87224.","productDescription":"vi, 170 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0224/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48578,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0224/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -97.38006591796874,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -97.38006591796874,\n 30.615459280672667\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 30.615459280672667\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.991812888666043\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6080d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, J.D.","contributorId":26684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pate, D.L.","contributorId":87145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pate","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":235,"text":"wsp2310 - 1987 - Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-23T11:36:05","indexId":"wsp2310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2310","title":"Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1986","docAbstract":"Water-quality data from long-term (24 years), fixed- station monitoring at the Cape Fear River at Lock 1 near Kelly, N.C., and various measures of basin development are correlated. Subbasin population, number of acres of cropland in the subbasin, number of people employed in manufacturing, and tons of fertilizer applied in the basin are considered as measures of basinwide development activity. Linear correlations show statistically significant posi- tive relations between both population and manufacturing activity and most of the dissolved constituents considered. Negative correlations were found between the acres of harvested cropland and most of the water-quality measures. The amount of fertilizer sold in the subbasin was not statistically related to the water-quality measures considered in this report. The statistical analysis was limited to several commonly used measures of water quality including specific conductance, pH, dissolved solids, several major dissolved ions, and a few nutrients. The major dissolved ions included in the analysis were calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, silica, bicarbonate, and fluoride. The nutrients included were dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, dissolved ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, dissolved phosphates, and total phosphorus. For the chemicals evaluated, manufacturing and population sources are more closely associated with water quality in the Cape Fear River at Lock 1 than are agricultural variables.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wsp2310","usgsCitation":"Subitzky, S., 1987, Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2310, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2310.","productDescription":"142 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24845,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2310/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2310/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6553c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Subitzky, Seymour","contributorId":99111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Subitzky","given":"Seymour","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2739,"text":"wsp2268 - 1987 - Assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11292,"text":"ofr84439 - 1984 - Assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas","indexId":"ofr84439","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2739,"text":"wsp2268 - 1987 - Assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas","indexId":"wsp2268","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp2268","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2268","title":"Assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate water-resources problems related to abandoned lead and zinc mines in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas in Missouri and Oklahoma. Past mining activities have caused changes in the hydrogeology of the area. Lead and zinc mining has caused discontinuities and perforations in the confining shale west of the Pennsylvanian-Mississippian geologic contact (referred to as the western area), which have created artificial ground-water recharge and discharge areas. Recharge to the shallow aquifer (rocks of Mississippian age) through collapses, shafts, and drill holes in the shale has caused the formation of a ground-water 'mound' in the vicinity of the Picher Field in Kansas and Oklahoma. Discharge of mine-contaminated ground water to Tar Creek occurs in Oklahoma from drill holes and shafts where the potentiometric surface of the shallow aquifer is above the land surface. Mining of ore in the shallow aquifer has resulted in extensive fracturing and removal of material, which has created highly transmissive zones and voids and increased ground-water storage properties of the aquifer. In the area east of the Pennsylvanian-Mississippian geologic contact (referred to as the eastern area), fractured rock and tailings on the land surface increased the amount of water available for infiltration to the shallow aquifer; in the western area, tailings on the impermeable shale created artificial, perched aquifer systems that slowly drain to surface streams. \r\n\r\nPumping of the deep aquifer (rocks of Cambrian and Ordovician age) by towns and industries, which developed as a result of the mining industry, has resulted in a potential for downward movement of water from the shallow aquifer. The potential is greatest in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. Because of the large volume of water that may be transported from the shallow to the deep aquifer, open drill holes or casings present the greatest contamination hazard to water supplies in the deep aquifer. \r\n\r\nMining allowed oxidation of ore deposits which, on saturation with water, resulted in poor-quality water that generally contains large concentrations of sulfate and trace metals. Water from mines in the eastern area contained dissolved-solids concentrations of less than 500 mg/L (milligrams per liter), a median pH of 3.9, sulfate concentrations that ranged between 98 and 290 mg/L, and median concentrations for zinc of 37,600 micrograms/L (micrograms per liter), for lead of 240 micrograms/L, for cadmium of 180 micrograms/L, for iron of 70 micrograms/L, for manganese of 240 micrograms/L, and for silica of 15 mg/L. Water from mines in the western area contained dissolved-solids concentrations of generally more than 500 mg/L, a median pH of 6.8, sulfate concentrations that ranged between 170 and 2,150 mg/L, and median concentrations for zinc of 3,200 micrograms/L, for lead of 0 micrograms/L (minimum detection limit is 10 micrograms/L), for cadmium of 6 micrograms/L, for iron of 840 micrograms/L, for manganese of 440 micrograms/L, and for silica of 11 mg/L. \r\n\r\nNo conclusive evidence of lateral migration of water from the mines into domestic well-water supplies in the shallow aquifer was found in the study area in Kansas. Analyses of water from public-supply wells tapping the deep aquifer did not indicate contamination with trace metals, although chemical analyses from four of six wells exhibited increasing trends through time in sulfate concentrations. These increases probably reflect localized leakage of water from the shallow aquifer along corroded or leaky well casings. \r\n\r\nEffects of abandoned lead and zinc mines on tributaries of the Spring River in the eastern area are most severe in Short Creek. Compared with water samples from three other major streams in the eastern area, a sample collected from Short Creek, 2 miles west of Galena, Kansas, during August 1981, contained the largest concentrations of dissolved sulfate (240 mg/L), zinc (25,000 micrograms/L), ca","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2268","usgsCitation":"Spruill, T.B., 1987, Assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2268, vi, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2268.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2268/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29165,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2268/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spruill, Timothy B.","contributorId":51724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruill","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2713,"text":"wsp2307 - 1987 - Analysis and interpretation of water-quality trends in major U.S. rivers, 1974-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp2307","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2307","title":"Analysis and interpretation of water-quality trends in major U.S. rivers, 1974-81","docAbstract":"Water-quality records from two nationwide sampling networks are now of sufficient length to permit nationally consistent analysis of long-term water-quality trends at more than 300 locations on major U.S. rivers. Observed trends in 24 water-quality measures for the period 1974--81 provide evidence of both improvement and deterioration in stream quality during a time of major changes in atmospheric and terrestrial influences on surface waters. Particularly noteworthy are widespread decreases in lead and fecal bacteria concentrations and widespread increases in nitrate, arsenic, and cadmium concentrations. Changes in municipal waste treatment, leaded-gasoline consumption, highway-salt use, and nitrogen-fertilizer application, and regionally variable trends in coal production and combustion during the period, appear to be reflected in water-quality changes. There is evidence that atmospheric deposition of a variety of substances has played a surprisingly large role in water-quality changes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2307","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.A., Alexander, R.B., and Wolman, M.G., 1987, Analysis and interpretation of water-quality trends in major U.S. rivers, 1974-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2307, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2307.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2307/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29097,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2307/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolman, M. Gordon","contributorId":85163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2025,"text":"wsp2306 - 1987 - Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior coal field, Alabama","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14452,"text":"ofr85678 - 1986 - Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior Coal Field, Alabama","indexId":"ofr85678","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior Coal Field, Alabama"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2025,"text":"wsp2306 - 1987 - Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior coal field, Alabama","indexId":"wsp2306","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior coal field, Alabama"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2306","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2306","title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior coal field, Alabama","docAbstract":"A deterministic precipitation-runoff model, the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, was applied in two small basins located in the Warrior coal field, Alabama. Each basin has distinct geologic, hydrologic, and land-use characteristics. Bear Creek basin (15.03 square miles) is undisturbed, is underlain almost entirely by consolidated coal-bearing rocks of Pennsylvanian age (Pottsville Formation), and is drained by an intermittent stream. Turkey Creek basin (6.08 square miles) contains a surface coal mine and is underlain by both the Pottsville Formation and unconsolidated clay, sand, and gravel deposits of Cretaceous age (Coker Formation). Aquifers in the Coker Formation sustain flow through extended rainless periods. \r\n\r\nPreliminary daily and storm calibrations were developed for each basin. Initial parameter and variable values were determined according to techniques recommended in the user's manual for the modeling system and through field reconnaissance. Parameters with meaningful sensitivity were identified and adjusted to match hydrograph shapes and to compute realistic water year budgets. When the developed calibrations were applied to data exclusive of the calibration period as a verification exercise, results were comparable to those for the calibration period. \r\n\r\nThe model calibrations included preliminary parameter values for the various categories of geology and land use in each basin. The parameter values for areas underlain by the Pottsville Formation in the Bear Creek basin were transferred directly to similar areas in the Turkey Creek basin, and these parameter values were held constant throughout the model calibration. Parameter values for all geologic and land-use categories addressed in the two calibrations can probably be used in ungaged basins where similar conditions exist. The parameter transfer worked well, as a good calibration was obtained for Turkey Creek basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2306","usgsCitation":"Kidd, R.E., and Bossong, C., 1987, Application of the precipitation-runoff model in the Warrior coal field, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2306, v, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2306.","productDescription":"v, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2306/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27494,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2306/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidd, Robert E.","contributorId":21523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bossong, C. R.","contributorId":39762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossong","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2767,"text":"wsp2301 - 1987 - Relations between quality of urban runoff and quality of Lake Ellyn at Glen Ellyn, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T21:05:46","indexId":"wsp2301","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2301","title":"Relations between quality of urban runoff and quality of Lake Ellyn at Glen Ellyn, Illinois","docAbstract":"Comparison of flow and chemical data collected at the principal inlet and at the outlets of Lake Ellynman urban lake in the Chicago metropolitan are--shows that detention storage alters the discharge and the quality of urban runoff. Peak water discharge and variation in the concentration of constituents transported by the runoff are usually reduced. Mass-balance relations based on comparison of measured constituent loads at the inlet and the outlets show that the lake is very efficient in trapping suspended solids, suspended sediment, and sediment-associated metals. Calculated trap efficiencies for many dissolved constituents were negative. However, negative efficiencies appear to be influenced mostly by insufficient sampling in winter. Trap efficiencies for nitrogen and phosphorus are intermediate to those determined for other constituents. \r\n\r\nSolids accumulate on the lake bottom as organic-rich muds that reduce lake storage and cover potential habitat for aquatic organisms. Lake sediments, particularly fine-grained sediments, have elevated concentrations of metals associated with them. Several organic compounds, not detected in inlet- or outlet-water samples, were detected in a lake-sediment sample collected near the inlet. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of many constituents dissolved in lake water are seasonally cyclic, with annual concentration peaks occurring during the winter. Establishment and maintenance of desirable benthic invertebrate and fish populations appear to be inhibited by sediment deposition.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2301","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., and Cowan, E., 1987, Relations between quality of urban runoff and quality of Lake Ellyn at Glen Ellyn, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2301, v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2301.","productDescription":"v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2301/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2301/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63465e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":145748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowan, Ellen A.","contributorId":103255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowan","given":"Ellen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2395,"text":"wsp2312 - 1987 - Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15210,"text":"ofr85198 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr85198","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2395,"text":"wsp2312 - 1987 - Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","indexId":"wsp2312","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T08:41:29","indexId":"wsp2312","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2312","title":"Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Low-level radioactive solid waste has been buried in trenches at a site near Beatty, Nev., since 1962. In 1976, as part of a national program, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study of the geohydrology of the waste-burial site to provide a basis for estimating the potential for radionuclide migration in the unsaturated zone beneath the waste-burial trenches. Data collected include meteorological information for calibration of a long-term water-budget analysis, soil-moisture profiles, soil-water potentials, and hydraulic properties of representative unsaturated sediment samples to a depth of about 10 meters (m).
The waste-burial facility is in the northern Amargosa Desert about 170 kilometers (km) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevo The region is arid; mean annual precipitation at Lathrop Wells, 30 km south of the site, is only 7.4 centimeters (cm). The mean daily maximum temperature at Lathrop Wells in July, the hottest month, is 37 °C. The site is underlain by poorly stratified deposits of gravelly or silty sand and sandy gravel, and thick beds of clayey sediments. The total thickness of valley-fill deposits beneath the site is about 175 m; the unsaturated zone is about 85 m thick. Volumetric soil moisture to depths of 4 m ranges from 4 to 10 percent but commonly is in the range of 6 to 8 percent. Soil-water potential, measured to depths of 3 to 10 m, ranged from -10 to -70 bars. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity computed from laboratory analyses of representative samples ranges from 10-13 to 10-14 centimeters per day (cm/d).
Evaporation studies over a 2-year (yr) period were used to calibrate a numerical procedure for analyzing long-term precipitation data and estimating annual water budgets during the 15-yr period 1962-76. This analysis (1) demonstrated that a potential exists for deep percolation (greater than 2 m), despite high annual evaporation demands, and (2) provided predictions of the time of year and the antecedent conditions that enhance the probability of deep percolation. Soil-moisture profiles obtained monthly over an 18-month (mo) period demonstrate that deep percolation does occur. Soil-moisture conditions antecedent to an observed deep-percolation event, and the time of year when the percolation occurred, support the interpretations based on long-term meteorological records.
Calculation of downward moisture movement through the waste-trench backfill material, on the basis of simplified assumptions, suggests that moisture could have penetrated as much as 6 m below land surface from 1963, when the oldest trenches were closed, to 1980, but that the moisture requirement for such penetration far exceeded the amount of moisture actually available. Steady-state downward movement of moisture at depths greater than 10 m and beneath the waste-burial trenches would be on the order of 4 cm per 1,000 yr, assuming a steady flux rate of 1x10-5 cm/d.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2312","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 1987, Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2312, Report: v, 57 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 28.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2312.","productDescription":"Report: v, 57 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 28.53 inches","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2312/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28372,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2312/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28373,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2312/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a87f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1901,"text":"wsp2314 - 1987 - Monthly streamflow and ground-water conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years, 1945-85","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2314","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2314","title":"Monthly streamflow and ground-water conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years, 1945-85","docAbstract":"The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey has been measuring streamflow since 1888 and collecting ground-water data since 1894. The monthly publication Water Resources Review (now National Water Conditions) was established in water year 1945 to provide information quickly to the public on the status of surface- and ground-water resources of the Nation. Each monthly issue contains a map depicting the status of water conditions relative to normal for that month. \r\n\r\nThis report presents these maps and a synopsis of surface and ground-water conditions for the last 41 water years (194585); a water year begins October 1 and ends September 30 of the following year.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2314","usgsCitation":"Holmes, S.L., 1987, Monthly streamflow and ground-water conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years, 1945-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2314, xv, 250 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2314.","productDescription":"xv, 250 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2314/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27197,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2314/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e76ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Sandra L.","contributorId":106873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1903,"text":"wsp2248 - 1987 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9549,"text":"ofr83271 - 1983 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"ofr83271","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1903,"text":"wsp2248 - 1987 - Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","indexId":"wsp2248","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:24:02","indexId":"wsp2248","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2248","title":"Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"The potential for developing oil-shale resources in the southeastern Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado has created the need for information on the quantity and quality of water available in the area. This report describes the availability and chemical quality of ground water, which might provide a source or supplement of water supply for an oil-shale industry.
Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin occurs in three major aquifers. Alluvial aquifers of small areal extent are present i n val ley-f i 11 deposits of six major drainages. Consolidated-rock aquifers include the birds's-nest aquifer i n the Parachute Creek Member of the G reen River Formation, which is limited to the central part of the study area; and the Douglas Creek aquifer, which includes parts of the Douglas Creek Member of the Green River Formation and parts of the intertonguing Renegade Tongue of the Wasatch Formation; this aquifer underlies most of the study area.
The alluvial aquifers are recharged by infiltration of streamflow and leakage from consolidated-rock aquifers. Recharge is estimated to average about 32,000 acre-feet per year. Discharge from alluvial aquifers, primarily by evapotranspiration, also averages about 32,000 acre-feet per year. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage in alluvial aquifers is about 200,000 acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells are less than 1,000 gallons per minute.
Recharge to the bird's-nest aquifer, primarily from stream infiltration and downward leakage from the overlying Uinta Formation, is estimated to average 670 acre-feet per year. Discharge from the bird's-nest aquifer, which is primarily by seepage to Bitter Creek and the White River, is estimated to be at 670 acre-feet per year. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage in the bird's-nest aquifer is 1.9 million acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells in some areas may be as much as 5,000 gallons per minute.
A digital-computer model of the flow system was used to evaluate the effects of oil-shale development on the bird's-nest aquifer at the Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub. Results of model simulations indicate that during construction of a vertical access shaft, a pumping rate of about 900 gallons per minute would be required to dewaterthe aquifer. The model also indicates that the construction of a proposed reservoir on the White River may raise water levels in the bird's-nest aquifer near the reservoir site by as much as 45 feet.
The flow model was used to evaluate the potential ground-water supply available for oil-shale development in the vicinity of the Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub. The results of the simulation indicate that bird's-nest aquifer could supply about 10,000 acre-feet of water per year at that site, for a period of 20 years. Downdraw after 20 years of pumping would exceed 250 feet near the simulated well field. Based on the results of the model simulation, it is estimated that the aquifer could simultaneously supply another 10,000 acre-feet of water per year in the northern part of the study area, but some interference between well fields could be expected.
The Douglas Creek aquifer is recharged by precipitation and stream infiltration at an average rate of about 20.000 acre-feet per year. Discharge is estimated to be about the same and is primarily through springs and diffuse seepage. The estimated volume of recoverable water in storage is 16 million acre-feet. Maximum yields to individual wells are estimated to be less than 500 gallons per minute.
A model of the flow system in the Douglas Creek aquifer indicates that the aquifer could supply about 700 acre-feet of water per year for oil-shale development at Federal lease tracts Ua and Ub and at the TOSCO Corp. site. After 20 years of pumping, water levels in production wells would be near the base of the aquifer. Based on the results of the model simulation, it is estimated that the aquifer could supply another 700 acre-feet of water per year in the southern part of the modeled area, but some interference between wells could be expected.
Chemical quality of the ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin varies considerably. Water from alluvial wells ranges from about 440 to 27,800 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Water from two consolidated-rock aquifers has dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 870 to 5,810 milligrams per liter in the bird's-nest aquifer, and from 640 to 6,100 milligrams per liter in the Douglas Creek aquifer. Water from alluvial wells generally is a sodium sulfate type, whereas water in both the consolidated-rock aquifers generally changes from a sodium sulfate type to a sodium bicarbonate type. All ground water is very alkaline, and the alluvial aquifers contain very hard water. None of the water is suitable for public supply, but all the water could be used for industrial purposes such as washing and cooling.
Changes in chemical composition of the ground water can be attributed to several physiochemical processes, including mineral precipitation and dissolution, oxidation and reduction, mixing, ion exchange, and evaporative concentration. Mass-transfer modeling of these processes shows how they can account for the variability in the ground-water quality. The mass-transfer model of the Bitter Creek alluvial aquifer shows that evaporative concentration, combined with precipitation of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere results in the documented changes in the pH and dissolved solids in the water. The water-quality changes in the consolidated-rock aquifers are a result of precipitation of calcium carbonate and perhaps dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) with the reduction of sulfate by organic carbon, as well as ion exchange of magnesium for sodium. These processes result in large values of pH and alkalinity in the water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2248","usgsCitation":"Holmes, W.F., and Kimball, B.A., 1987, Ground water in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2248, Report: vi, 47 p.; Plate: 20.50 in. x 25.00 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2248.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 47 p.; Plate: 20.50 in. x 25.00 in.","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27200,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2248/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27199,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2248/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Walter F.","contributorId":31737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2519,"text":"wsp2283 - 1987 - Relation of urban land-use and dry-weather, storm, and snowmelt flow characteristics to stream-water quality, Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20944,"text":"ofr8475 - 1984 - Identification and tabulation of geological contacts in the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas","indexId":"ofr8475","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Identification and tabulation of geological contacts in the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2519,"text":"wsp2283 - 1987 - Relation of urban land-use and dry-weather, storm, and snowmelt flow characteristics to stream-water quality, Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas","indexId":"wsp2283","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Relation of urban land-use and dry-weather, storm, and snowmelt flow characteristics to stream-water quality, Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"wsp2283","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2283","title":"Relation of urban land-use and dry-weather, storm, and snowmelt flow characteristics to stream-water quality, Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2283","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., and Bevans, H.E., 1987, Relation of urban land-use and dry-weather, storm, and snowmelt flow characteristics to stream-water quality, Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2283, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2283.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2283/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28719,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2283/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Larry M.","contributorId":93455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bevans, Hugh E.","contributorId":11589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevans","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":231,"text":"wsp2296 - 1987 - Sediment/water-column flux of nutrients and oxygen in the tidal Patuxent River and Estuary, Maryland","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48933,"text":"ofr85499 - 1985 - Sediment/water-column flux of nutrients and oxygen in the tidal Patuxent River and Estuary, Maryland","indexId":"ofr85499","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment/water-column flux of nutrients and oxygen in the tidal Patuxent River and Estuary, Maryland"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":231,"text":"wsp2296 - 1987 - Sediment/water-column flux of nutrients and oxygen in the tidal Patuxent River and Estuary, Maryland","indexId":"wsp2296","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment/water-column flux of nutrients and oxygen in the tidal Patuxent River and Estuary, Maryland"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:12","indexId":"wsp2296","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2296","title":"Sediment/water-column flux of nutrients and oxygen in the tidal Patuxent River and Estuary, Maryland","docAbstract":"Abstract contains content that can not be displayed, please see the publication for abstract","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2296","usgsCitation":"Lantrip, B.M., Summers, R.M., Phelan, D.J., and Andrle, W., 1987, Sediment/water-column flux of nutrients and oxygen in the tidal Patuxent River and Estuary, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2296, v, 76 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2296.","productDescription":"v, 76 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2296/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24841,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2296/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbe25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lantrip, Bruce M.","contributorId":14795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantrip","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Summers, Robert M.","contributorId":90285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summers","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phelan, Daniel J.","contributorId":51716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelan","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrle, William","contributorId":21933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrle","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1038,"text":"wsp2234B - 1987 - Transport of dissolved and suspended material by the Potomac River at Chain Bridge, at Washington, D.C., water years 1978-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T21:50:18.748676","indexId":"wsp2234B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"B","title":"Transport of dissolved and suspended material by the Potomac River at Chain Bridge, at Washington, D.C., water years 1978-81","docAbstract":"The measuring station Potomac River at Chain Bridge at Washington, D.C., is located at the upstream end of the tidal Potomac River. Water-quality data were collected intensively at this site from December 1977 through September 1981 as part of a study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary. Analysis of water-discharge data from the long-term gage at Little Falls, just up stream from Chain Bridge, shows that streamflow for the 1979-81 water years had characteristics similar to the 51-year average discharge (1931-81). Loads were computed for various forms of phosphorus and nitrogen, major cations and anions, silica, biochemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll a and pheophytin, and suspended sediment. \r\n\r\nLoad duration curves for the 1979-81 water years show that 50 percent of the time, water passing Chain Bridge carried at least 28 metric tons per day of total nitrogen, 1.0 metric tons per day of total phosphorus, 70 metric tons per day of silica, and 270 metric tons per day of suspended sediment. No consistent seasonal change in constituent concentrations was observed; however, a seasonal trend in loads due to seasonal changes in runoff was noted. Some storm runoff events transported as much dissolved and suspended material as is transported during an entire low-flow year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234B","usgsCitation":"Blanchard, S.F., and Hahl, D.C., 1987, Transport of dissolved and suspended material by the Potomac River at Chain Bridge, at Washington, D.C., water years 1978-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, vii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234B.","productDescription":"vii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410323,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25455.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":25679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington D.C.","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River at Chain Bridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.1212303914433,\n 38.94062267044046\n ],\n [\n -77.1212303914433,\n 38.92650228246097\n ],\n [\n -77.10761600772042,\n 38.92650228246097\n ],\n [\n -77.10761600772042,\n 38.94062267044046\n ],\n [\n -77.1212303914433,\n 38.94062267044046\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hahl, D. C.","contributorId":57436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1373,"text":"wsp2315 - 1987 - The effects of boundary conditions on the steady-state response of three hypothetical ground-water systems; results and implications of numerical experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp2315","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2315","title":"The effects of boundary conditions on the steady-state response of three hypothetical ground-water systems; results and implications of numerical experiments","docAbstract":"The most critical and difficult aspect of defining a groundwater system or problem for conceptual analysis or numerical simulation is the selection of boundary conditions . This report demonstrates the effects of different boundary conditions on the steady-state response of otherwise similar ground-water systems to a pumping stress. Three series of numerical experiments illustrate the behavior of three hypothetical groundwater systems that are rectangular sand prisms with the same dimensions but with different combinations of constant-head, specified-head, no-flow, and constant-flux boundary conditions. In the first series of numerical experiments, the heads and flows in all three systems are identical, as are the hydraulic conductivity and system geometry . However, when the systems are subjected to an equal stress by a pumping well in the third series, each differs significantly in its response . The highest heads (smallest drawdowns) and flows occur in the systems most constrained by constant- or specified-head boundaries. These and other observations described herein are important in steady-state calibration, which is an integral part of simulating many ground-water systems. Because the effects of boundary conditions on model response often become evident only when the system is stressed, a close match between the potential distribution in the model and that in the unstressed natural system does not guarantee that the model boundary conditions correctly represent those in the natural system . In conclusion, the boundary conditions that are selected for simulation of a ground-water system are fundamentally important to groundwater systems analysis and warrant continual reevaluation and modification as investigation proceeds and new information and understanding are acquired.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2315","usgsCitation":"Franke, O.L., and Reilly, T.E., 1987, The effects of boundary conditions on the steady-state response of three hypothetical ground-water systems; results and implications of numerical experiments: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2315, iv, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2315.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":13,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2315/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635b1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franke, O. Lehn","contributorId":63357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lehn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":122,"text":"wsp2299 - 1987 - Laboratory data on coarse-sediment transport for bedload-sampler calibrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-10T12:41:51","indexId":"wsp2299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2299","title":"Laboratory data on coarse-sediment transport for bedload-sampler calibrations","docAbstract":"A unique facility capable of recirculating and continuously measuring the transport rates of sediment particles ranging in size from about 1 to 75 millimeters in diameter was designed and used in an extensive program involving the calibration of bedload samplers. The facility consisted of a 9-footwide by 6-foot-deep by 272-foot-long rectangular channel that incorporated seven automated collection pans and a sedimentreturn system. The collection pans accumulated, weighed, and periodically dumped bedload falling through a slot in the channel floor. Variations of the Helley-Smith bedload sampler, an Arnhem sampler, and two VUV-type samplers were used to obtain transport rates for comparison with rates measured at the bedload slot (trap). Tests were conducted under 20 different hydraulic and sedimentologic conditions (runs) with 3 uniform-size bed materials and a bed-material mixture. Hydraulic and sedimentologic data collected concurrently with the calibration measurements are described and, in part, summarized in tabular and graphic form. Tables indicate the extent of the data, which are available on magnetic media. The information includes sediment-transport rates; particle-size distributions; water discharges, depths, and slopes; longitudinal profiles of streambed-surface elevations; and temporal records of streambed-surface elevations at fixed locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2299","usgsCitation":"Hubbell, D.W., Stevens, H., Skinner, J.V., and Beverage, J., 1987, Laboratory data on coarse-sediment transport for bedload-sampler calibrations: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2299, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2299.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24729,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2299/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2299/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b44a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbell, David Wellington","contributorId":88330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Wellington","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, H.H. Jr.","contributorId":104874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"H.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beverage, J.P.","contributorId":44120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beverage","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2220,"text":"wsp2291 - 1987 - Statistical analysis of surface-water-quality data in and near the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana, 1957-80","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T09:14:05","indexId":"wsp2291","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2291","title":"Statistical analysis of surface-water-quality data in and near the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana, 1957-80","docAbstract":"The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires that applications for coal-mining permits contain information about the water quality of streams at and near a proposed mine. To meet this need for information, streamflow, specific conductance, pH, and concentrations of total alkalinity, sulfate, dissolved solids, suspended solids, total iron, and total manganese at 37 stations were analyzed to determine the spatial and seasonal variations in water quality and to develop equations for predicting water quality. The season of lowest median streamflow was related to the size of the drainage area. Median streamflow was least during fall at 15 of 16 stations having drainage areas greater than 1,000 square miles but was least during summer at 17 of 21 stations having drainage areas less than 1,000 square miles. In general, the season of lowest median specific conductance occurred during the season of highest streamflow except at stations on the Wabash River. Median specific conductance was least during summer at 9 of 9 stations on the Wabash River, but was least during winter or spring (the seasons of highest streamflow) at 27 of the remaining 28 stations. Linear, inverse, semilog, log-log, and hyperbolic regression models were used to investigate the functional relations between water-quality characteristics and streamflow. Of 186 relations investigated, 143 were statistically significant. Specific conductance and concentrations of total alkalinity and sulfate were negatively related to streamflow at all stations except for a positive relation between total alkalinity concentration and streamflow at Patoka River near Princeton. Concentrations of total alkalinity and sulfate were positively related to specific conductance at all stations except for a negative relation at Patoka River near Princeton and for a positive and negative relation at Patoka River at Jasper. Most of these relations are good, have small confidence intervals, and will give reliable predictions of the water-quality variables listed above. The poorest relations are typically at stations in the Patoka River watershed. Suspended-solids concentration was positively related to streamflow at all but two stations on the Patoka River. These relations are poor, have large confidence intervals, and will give less reliable predictions of suspended-solids concentration. Predictive equations for the regional relations between dissolved-solids concentration and specific conductance and between sulfate concentration and specific conductance, and the seasonal patterns of water quality, are probably valid for the coal-mining regions of Illinois and western Kentucky.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2291","usgsCitation":"Martin, J.D., and Crawford, C.G., 1987, Statistical analysis of surface-water-quality data in and near the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana, 1957-80: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2291, vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2291.","productDescription":"vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2291/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27969,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2291/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Benton, Clay, Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Fountain, Gibson, Greene, Knox, Lawrence, Martin, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Orange, Owen, Parke, Perry, Pike, Posey, Putnam, Spencer, Sullivan, Tippecanoe, Vanderburgh, Vermillion, Vigo, Warren, Warrick","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.0987,40.7383],[-87.0954,40.5637],[-86.696,40.5631],[-86.6961,40.1282],[-86.6929,39.8643],[-86.6845,39.8648],[-86.6858,39.63],[-86.6404,39.6305],[-86.6403,39.6201],[-86.6522,39.6087],[-86.6546,39.6001],[-86.4642,39.6006],[-86.4648,39.6297],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.249,39.342],[-86.3816,39.3399],[-86.38,39.2525],[-86.3723,39.252],[-86.3702,39.0485],[-86.3181,39.0489],[-86.3177,38.9936],[-86.2786,38.9935],[-86.2752,38.7642],[-86.2876,38.7533],[-86.2906,38.7356],[-86.3106,38.733],[-86.3091,38.4225],[-86.2544,38.4224],[-86.2645,38.412],[-86.2522,38.407],[-86.2516,38.3947],[-86.2458,38.3879],[-86.2616,38.3812],[-86.2582,38.3667],[-86.2488,38.3644],[-86.2482,38.3603],[-86.257,38.3544],[-86.2641,38.3612],[-86.2705,38.3617],[-86.2758,38.3499],[-86.2711,38.3413],[-86.2764,38.3386],[-86.2747,38.32],[-86.2818,38.3232],[-86.2894,38.3164],[-86.2765,38.3091],[-86.2589,38.3064],[-86.2648,38.2946],[-86.2543,38.2964],[-86.2531,38.2914],[-86.2578,38.2837],[-86.266,38.2865],[-86.2696,38.2783],[-86.2749,38.2783],[-86.2774,38.2271],[-86.2844,38.2208],[-86.2932,38.2249],[-86.2979,38.2217],[-86.2891,38.214],[-86.2956,38.2095],[-86.2903,38.2018],[-86.3085,38.2009],[-86.3114,38.1891],[-86.3167,38.1895],[-86.3097,38.1818],[-86.3126,38.1782],[-86.3261,38.1828],[-86.3314,38.18],[-86.3497,38.1951],[-86.359,38.1979],[-86.3729,38.1899],[-86.3752,38.1835],[-86.3716,38.1701],[-86.3637,38.1645],[-86.3259,38.1558],[-86.3198,38.1465],[-86.3232,38.1383],[-86.3389,38.1291],[-86.3765,38.1275],[-86.386,38.1216],[-86.3988,38.1049],[-86.406,38.1059],[-86.4368,38.1248],[-86.4498,38.1251],[-86.4619,38.1167],[-86.4625,38.1049],[-86.4351,38.0882],[-86.4315,38.0729],[-86.4392,38.0605],[-86.4526,38.0494],[-86.5017,38.0447],[-86.5179,38.0376],[-86.5219,38.0289],[-86.5246,37.974],[-86.5076,37.9422],[-86.5082,37.9289],[-86.5285,37.9178],[-86.5816,37.921],[-86.5932,37.9168],[-86.6,37.904],[-86.5979,37.8769],[-86.6015,37.8639],[-86.6169,37.8511],[-86.644,37.8402],[-86.6617,37.8445],[-86.6673,37.8555],[-86.6513,37.8981],[-86.6547,37.9086],[-86.6784,37.9133],[-86.7158,37.894],[-86.7292,37.8924],[-86.7577,37.9152],[-86.7963,37.9874],[-86.8206,37.9984],[-86.8599,37.9849],[-86.9126,37.9409],[-86.986,37.929],[-87.0263,37.9109],[-87.0443,37.8947],[-87.0438,37.8679],[-87.0552,37.8288],[-87.0658,37.8083],[-87.0835,37.7917],[-87.1062,37.7834],[-87.1241,37.7835],[-87.133,37.7874],[-87.151,37.8247],[-87.1673,37.8387],[-87.2233,37.8487],[-87.3002,37.8956],[-87.3434,37.9128],[-87.3899,37.9375],[-87.4166,37.9442],[-87.446,37.9416],[-87.5103,37.9067],[-87.5619,37.9336],[-87.5807,37.9661],[-87.5943,37.9735],[-87.6011,37.9708],[-87.6063,37.9501],[-87.6243,37.9331],[-87.6279,37.9235],[-87.6175,37.906],[-87.5934,37.8902],[-87.5888,37.8822],[-87.5878,37.8673],[-87.6045,37.8405],[-87.6206,37.8303],[-87.6525,37.8253],[-87.6642,37.8265],[-87.6784,37.8338],[-87.6828,37.8464],[-87.682,37.8573],[-87.6665,37.8871],[-87.6701,37.8963],[-87.6794,37.9021],[-87.7204,37.892],[-87.7545,37.8932],[-87.7909,37.8763],[-87.8177,37.8762],[-87.8347,37.8801],[-87.8623,37.9059],[-87.8698,37.9178],[-87.8921,37.9283],[-87.9051,37.9243],[-87.9387,37.8889],[-87.9407,37.8815],[-87.9366,37.8706],[-87.9119,37.8457],[-87.9055,37.821],[-87.908,37.8103],[-87.9317,37.7969],[-87.9464,37.7782],[-87.9547,37.7733],[-87.9627,37.7743],[-87.9788,37.7877],[-88.0043,37.8013],[-88.0125,37.8029],[-88.027,37.799],[-88.031,37.8098],[-88.0367,37.8119],[-88.0659,37.8059],[-88.0763,37.8106],[-88.0819,37.8205],[-88.0833,37.8318],[-88.0793,37.835],[-88.0418,37.826],[-88.0267,37.8302],[-88.024,37.8389],[-88.0278,37.8444],[-88.0625,37.8598],[-88.0864,37.8931],[-88.0889,37.9051],[-88.0826,37.908],[-88.0606,37.896],[-88.0304,37.8964],[-88.0194,37.8925],[-88.0124,37.8998],[-88.0185,37.9137],[-88.0619,37.9183],[-88.0688,37.9249],[-88.0598,37.9345],[-88.0438,37.9266],[-88.03,37.9308],[-88.0323,37.9584],[-88.0155,37.9673],[-88.0106,37.9752],[-88.0124,37.9859],[-88.0251,38.0103],[-88.0092,38.0313],[-88.0134,38.0344],[-88.0344,38.0341],[-88.0426,38.0431],[-88.0301,38.0525],[-88.0073,38.0512],[-87.992,38.0556],[-87.9613,38.0716],[-87.9546,38.0856],[-87.9592,38.1003],[-87.9656,38.1016],[-88.0055,38.0853],[-88.0121,38.0865],[-88.0157,38.0985],[-88.0044,38.107],[-87.977,38.1115],[-87.9691,38.1299],[-87.9452,38.1309],[-87.915,38.1603],[-87.9218,38.1703],[-87.9341,38.1618],[-87.9401,38.1763],[-87.9656,38.1869],[-87.9764,38.1994],[-87.9832,38.2179],[-87.9808,38.2456],[-87.9869,38.2574],[-87.98,38.2596],[-87.9613,38.2416],[-87.9544,38.2556],[-87.9439,38.2622],[-87.9498,38.2767],[-87.942,38.282],[-87.9344,38.2952],[-87.9204,38.3007],[-87.908,38.2958],[-87.9175,38.2753],[-87.9151,38.2704],[-87.9092,38.2696],[-87.8707,38.313],[-87.8637,38.3087],[-87.8656,38.29],[-87.8625,38.2834],[-87.855,38.2765],[-87.8431,38.2793],[-87.8323,38.2975],[-87.8316,38.3228],[-87.8224,38.3458],[-87.8077,38.3618],[-87.7754,38.3742],[-87.7445,38.4109],[-87.7403,38.4373],[-87.7307,38.4486],[-87.7347,38.4536],[-87.7529,38.4575],[-87.7507,38.4694],[-87.7381,38.4794],[-87.7087,38.4811],[-87.6893,38.4888],[-87.6722,38.5073],[-87.6585,38.5042],[-87.648,38.508],[-87.6483,38.5185],[-87.6576,38.5275],[-87.6687,38.5476],[-87.6534,38.5579],[-87.6507,38.5687],[-87.641,38.5767],[-87.6369,38.5937],[-87.6186,38.5884],[-87.6138,38.591],[-87.6158,38.5971],[-87.6271,38.6047],[-87.6187,38.6284],[-87.6199,38.6394],[-87.6061,38.6493],[-87.5994,38.6641],[-87.5933,38.6684],[-87.5321,38.6865],[-87.5241,38.6935],[-87.5168,38.7171],[-87.4971,38.7431],[-87.502,38.7498],[-87.498,38.7676],[-87.5145,38.7709],[-87.4993,38.7785],[-87.4992,38.7884],[-87.5256,38.8179],[-87.5219,38.8309],[-87.5294,38.8515],[-87.5505,38.8595],[-87.5533,38.8641],[-87.5443,38.8694],[-87.5449,38.8771],[-87.5356,38.8817],[-87.5442,38.8964],[-87.5352,38.896],[-87.5182,38.9052],[-87.5272,38.9163],[-87.5173,38.9288],[-87.5206,38.9455],[-87.5132,38.9554],[-87.5344,38.9749],[-87.5781,38.99],[-87.5656,38.9932],[-87.5765,39.0045],[-87.5669,39.0216],[-87.5776,39.0417],[-87.5713,39.0589],[-87.5931,39.0805],[-87.6173,39.0863],[-87.6195,39.0931],[-87.6123,39.1025],[-87.6135,39.1057],[-87.6505,39.1095],[-87.6503,39.1176],[-87.6325,39.1183],[-87.6318,39.1214],[-87.6552,39.1364],[-87.6463,39.1539],[-87.6262,39.1554],[-87.6296,39.1605],[-87.6379,39.1623],[-87.6364,39.168],[-87.6206,39.1745],[-87.6177,39.186],[-87.6068,39.1869],[-87.5871,39.1996],[-87.5748,39.2162],[-87.5764,39.2439],[-87.5713,39.2543],[-87.5793,39.2569],[-87.5926,39.2491],[-87.6023,39.2626],[-87.602,39.2768],[-87.6068,39.2874],[-87.5988,39.2968],[-87.599,39.3016],[-87.6047,39.3052],[-87.6148,39.3042],[-87.6169,39.3089],[-87.6078,39.3116],[-87.5826,39.3402],[-87.5518,39.3437],[-87.5418,39.3542],[-87.5322,39.3507],[-87.5327,40.1309],[-87.5254,40.5505],[-87.5263,40.7378],[-87.0987,40.7383]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Benton\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4893e4b07f02db520f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}