A suite of slate samples collected along a 2 km transect crossing the Lishan fault in central Taiwan were evaluated to assess the role of ductile deformation in natural graphitization at lower greenschist facies metamorphic conditions. The process of natural aromatization, or graphitization, of an organic precursor is well established as a thermally driven process; however, experimental studies have shown that the energy provided by deformation can substantially reduce the activation energy required for graphitization. This study provides a natural example of deformation-induced graphitization. A strain gradient approaching the Lishan fault was established by scanning electron microscope imaging and X-ray diffraction analysis of phyllosilicates and quartz that showed an increase in the strength of slaty cleavage development via dissolution-precipitation processes. Thermal conditions were constrained to be near isothermal using calcite-dolomite geothermometry. Raman spectroscopic results from carbonaceous material, including D1-full width-at-half-maximum (FWHM), G-FWHM, Raman band separation (RBS), and a lesser-known vibrational mode B2g-FWHM, showed robust linear trends across the same sampling transect. However, the G-FWHM parameter showed a trend opposite of that expected from thermally driven graphitization. The Raman results are interpreted to reflect a strain-driven reduction in graphite crystallite size (decrease in G-FWHM) but improvement in structural ordering in individual coherent domains. A multiple linear regression with an R2 value of 0.92 predicts the graphite D1-FWHM values from the XRD-derived ratio of muscovite populations and muscovite microstrain, demonstrating the concomitant recrystallization of silicates and carbonaceous material across the strain gradient, despite the disparate processes accommodating the deformation. This study demonstrates the role of deformation in natural graphitization and provides a new perspective on the use of graphite as a geothermometer in strongly deformed greenschist facies rocks.
Climate change poses a pervasive threat to humans and wildlife by altering resource availability, changing co-occurrences, and directly or indirectly influencing human-wildlife interactions. For many wildlife agencies in North America, managing bears (Ursus spp.) and human-bear interactions is a priority, yet the direct and indirect effects of climate change are exacerbating management challenges. Understanding the underlying ecological drivers of bear responses to climate variability and change, and the implications for conflict, will be critical for maintaining human-bear coexistence in North America. We synthesized 120 articles that identified direct and indirect mechanisms by which climate variability and change affect brown bears (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (Ursus americanus) in North America. The literature focused on examining climate impacts on bear diet, body size, habitat selection, space use, activity, denning chronology, and population demographics and dynamics. Across these categories, we summarized the documented and projected bear responses and resulting implications for human-bear interactions. Climate-driven changes in natural food availability were frequently implicated in influencing bear behavior and demography, and creating conditions under which interactions with humans are likely to increase. Bears in North America may face increased challenges as habitat and natural food availability continue to be altered by climate change. Our review provides a foundation upon which to identify climate drivers of bear ecology, conditions conducive to human-bear interactions, and adaptive management strategies. Given substantial evidence of climate impacts to bears, incorporating climate considerations into bear management can help managers strategically allocate resources and promote human-bear coexistence.
Declining Arctic sea ice is increasing polar bear land use. Polar bears on land are thought to minimize activity to conserve energy. Here, we measure the daily energy expenditure (DEE), diet, behavior, movement, and body composition changes of 20 different polar bears on land over 19–23 days from August to September (2019–2022) in Manitoba, Canada. Polar bears on land exhibited a 5.2-fold range in DEE and 19-fold range in activity, from hibernation-like DEEs to levels approaching active bears on the sea ice, including three individuals that made energetically demanding swims totaling 54–175 km. Bears consumed berries, vegetation, birds, bones, antlers, seal, and beluga. Beyond compensating for elevated DEE, there was little benefit from terrestrial foraging toward prolonging the predicted time to starvation, as 19 of 20 bears lost mass (0.4–1.7 kg•day−1). Although polar bears on land exhibit remarkable behavioral plasticity, our findings reinforce the risk of starvation, particularly in subadults, with forecasted increases in the onshore period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44682-1","usgsCitation":"Pagano, A.M., Rode, K.D., Lunn, N.J., McGeachy, D., Atkinson, S.N., Farley, S.D., Erlenbach, J., and Robbins, C.T., 2024, Polar bear energetic and behavioral strategies on land with implications for surviving the ice-free period: Nature Communications, v. 15, 947, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44682-1.","productDescription":"947, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155899","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440425,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44682-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":425573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.8168742320063,\n 60.38318456710692\n ],\n [\n -95.8168742320063,\n 56.61419709748603\n ],\n [\n -88.99656081599208,\n 56.61419709748603\n ],\n [\n -88.99656081599208,\n 60.38318456710692\n ],\n [\n -95.8168742320063,\n 60.38318456710692\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 apagano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0909","contributorId":3884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagano","given":"Anthony","email":"apagano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J. 0000-0003-0189-5494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0189-5494","contributorId":312476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeachy, David 0000-0003-1958-5363","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-5363","contributorId":332301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGeachy","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atkinson, Stephen N.","contributorId":12365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Farley, Sean D.","contributorId":27642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Erlenbach, Joy A.","contributorId":334042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erlenbach","given":"Joy A.","affiliations":[{"id":37380,"text":"Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Robbins, Charles T.","contributorId":32436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70253922,"text":"70253922 - 2024 - Travertine records climate-induced transformations of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system from the late Pleistocene to the present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-11T16:12:56.404239","indexId":"70253922","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-13T10:15:13","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Travertine records climate-induced transformations of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system from the late Pleistocene to the present","docAbstract":"Chemical changes in hot springs, as recorded by thermal waters and their deposits, provide a window into the evolution of the postglacial hydrothermal system of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field. Today, most hydrothermal travertine forms to the north and south of the ca. 631 ka Yellowstone caldera where groundwater flow through subsurface sedimentary rocks leads to calcite saturation at hot springs. In contrast, low-Ca rhyolites dominate the subsurface within the Yellowstone caldera, resulting in thermal waters that rarely deposit travertine. We investigated the timing and origin of five small travertine deposits in the Upper and Lower Geyser Basins to understand the conditions that allowed for travertine deposition. New 230Th-U dating, oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13C), and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopic ratios, and elemental concentrations indicate that travertine deposits within the Yellowstone caldera formed during three main episodes that correspond broadly with known periods of wet climate: 13.9−13.6 ka, 12.2−9.5 ka, and 5.2−2.9 ka. Travertine deposition occurred in response to the influx of large volumes of cold meteoric water, which increased the rate of chemical weathering of surficial sediments and recharge into the hydrothermal system. The small volume of intracaldera travertine does not support a massive postglacial surge of CO2 within the Yellowstone caldera, nor was magmatic CO2 the catalyst for postglacial travertine deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B37317.1","usgsCitation":"Harrison, L.N., Hurwitz, S., Paces, J., Whitlock, C., Peek, S., and Licciardi, J., 2024, Travertine records climate-induced transformations of the Yellowstone hydrothermal system from the late Pleistocene to the present: GSA Bulletin, v. 136, no. 9-10, p. 3605-3618, https://doi.org/10.1130/B37317.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3605","endPage":"3618","ipdsId":"IP-149989","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440430,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsab.s.24891144","text":"External Repository"},{"id":428360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Terrace Spring","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.854,\n 44.6583\n ],\n [\n -110.854,\n 44.641667\n ],\n [\n -110.841667,\n 44.641667\n ],\n [\n -110.841667,\n 44.6583\n ],\n [\n -110.854,\n 44.6583\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"136","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Lauren N. 0000-0002-6621-5958","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-5958","contributorId":336192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":118216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlock, Cathy","contributorId":79745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitlock","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peek, Sara 0000-0002-9770-6557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-6557","contributorId":209971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peek","given":"Sara","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Licciardi, Joseph","contributorId":229595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Licciardi","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":41689,"text":"U. New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70253907,"text":"70253907 - 2024 - Environmental variation structures reproduction and recruitment in long-lived mega-herbivores: Galapagos giant tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-03T15:09:34.873647","indexId":"70253907","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-13T10:03:53","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental variation structures reproduction and recruitment in long-lived mega-herbivores: Galapagos giant tortoises","docAbstract":"Migratory, long-lived animals are an important focus for life-history theory because they manifest extreme trade-offs in life-history traits: delayed maturity, low fecundity, variable recruitment rates, long generation times, and vital rates that respond to variation across environments. Galapagos tortoises are an iconic example: they are long-lived, migrate seasonally, face multiple anthropogenic threats, and have cryptic early life-history stages for which vital rates are unknown. From 2012 to 2021, we studied the reproductive ecology of two species of Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis porteri and C. donfaustoi) along elevation gradients that coincided with substantial changes in climate and vegetation productivity. Specifically, we (1) measured the body and reproductive condition of 166 adult females, (2) tracked the movements of 33 adult females using global positioning system telemetry, and monitored their body condition seasonally, (3) recorded nest temperatures, clutch characteristics, and egg survival from 107 nests, and (4) used radiotelemetry to monitor growth, survival, and movements of 104 hatchlings. We also monitored temperature and rainfall from field sites, and remotely sensed primary productivity along the elevation gradient. Our study showed that environmental variability, mediated by elevation, influenced vital rates of giant tortoises, specifically egg production by adult females and juvenile recruitment. Adult females were either elevational migrants or year-round lowland residents. Migrants had higher body condition than residents, and body condition was positively correlated with the probability of being gravid. Nests occurred in the hottest, driest parts of the tortoise's range, between 6 and 165 m elevation. Clutch size increased with elevation, whereas egg survival decreased. Hatchling survival and growth were highest at intermediate elevations. Hatchlings dispersed rapidly to 100–750 m from their nests before becoming sedentary (ranging over <0.2 ha). Predicted future climates may impact the relationships between elevation and vital rates of Galapagos tortoises and other species living across elevation gradients. Resilience will be maximized by ensuring the connectivity of foraging and reproductive areas within the current and possible future elevational ranges of these species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1599","usgsCitation":"Blake, S., Cabrera, F., Cruz, S., Ellis-Soto, D., Yackulic, C., Bastille-Rousseau, G., Wikelski, M., Kuemmeth, F., Gibbs, J.P., and Deem, S.L., 2024, Environmental variation structures reproduction and recruitment in long-lived mega-herbivores: Galapagos giant tortoises: Ecological Monographs, v. 94, no. 2, e1599, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1599.","productDescription":"e1599, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-081238","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1599","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":428358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Galapagos Islands, Santa Cruz Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.56105950601605,\n -0.5968399941543368\n ],\n [\n -90.56105950601605,\n -0.7783452498541266\n ],\n [\n -90.1639880007019,\n -0.7783452498541266\n ],\n [\n -90.1639880007019,\n -0.5968399941543368\n ],\n [\n -90.56105950601605,\n -0.5968399941543368\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, Stephen","contributorId":65339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blake","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12472,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":30787,"text":"Saint Louis University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cabrera, Fredy","contributorId":177205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cabrera","given":"Fredy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruz, Sebastian","contributorId":336162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruz","given":"Sebastian","affiliations":[{"id":12472,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis-Soto, Diego","contributorId":246177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellis-Soto","given":"Diego","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":218825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume 0000-0001-6799-639X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-639X","contributorId":190877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastille-Rousseau","given":"Guillaume","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40724,"text":"Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, 251 Life Science II, Mail Code 6504, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wikelski, Martin","contributorId":205674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wikelski","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37137,"text":"Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuemmeth, Franz","contributorId":336164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuemmeth","given":"Franz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80765,"text":"E-obs GmbH, Grünwald, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gibbs, James P.","contributorId":102418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Deem, Sharon L.","contributorId":139277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deem","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12719,"text":"Whitney R. Harris, World Ecology Center, Uni. of Missouri St. Louis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70251780,"text":"70251780 - 2024 - Thermal traits of anurans database for the southeastern United States (TRAD): A database of thermal trait values for 40 anuran species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-28T15:14:44.513167","indexId":"70251780","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-13T09:09:52","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9341,"text":"Ichthyology & Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal traits of anurans database for the southeastern United States (TRAD): A database of thermal trait values for 40 anuran species","docAbstract":"Thermal traits, or how an animal responds to changing temperatures, impacts species persistence and thus biodiversity. Trait databases, as repositories of consolidated, measured organismal attributes, allow researchers to link study species with specific trait values, enabling comparisons within and among species. Trait databases also help lay the groundwork to build mechanistic linkages between organisms and the environment. However, missing or hidden physiological trait data preclude building mechanistic estimates of climate change vulnerability for many species. Thus, physiologically focused trait databases present an opportunity to consolidate data and enable species-specific or multispecies, mechanistic evaluations of climate change vulnerability. Here, we present TRAD: thermal traits of anurans database for the southeastern United States, a database of thermal trait values related to physiological thermoregulation (critical thermal minima and maxima, preferred temperature), behavioral thermoregulation (activity period, retreat emergence temperature, basking temperature, minimum and maximum foraging temperatures), and body mass for 37 anuran species found within the southeastern United States. In total, TRAD contains 858 reported trait values for 37 of 40 species found in the region from 267 peer-reviewed papers, dissertations, or theses and is easily linked with trait data available in ATraiU, an ecological trait database for anurans in the United States. TRAD contains trait values for multiple life stages and a summarization of interspecific adult trait values. Availability of trait data varied widely among traits and species. Estimates of mass were the most common trait values reported, with values available for 32 species. Behavioral trait values comprised 23% of our database, with activity period available for 34 species. We found the most trait values for Cope's Gray Treefrog (Dryophytes chrysoscelis), with at least one trait value for eight traits in the database. Conversely, species in the genus Pseudacris generally had the fewest trait values available. Species with the largest geographic range sizes also had the greatest coverage of data across traits (rho 5 0.75, P , 0.001). TRAD can aid studies of anuran response to changing temperatures, physiological niche space and limitations, and potential drivers of anuran geographic range limits, influencing our understanding of other ecological and evolutionary patterns and processes and enabling multispecies comparisons of potential risk and resilience in the face of climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"American society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/h2022102","usgsCitation":"DuBose, T.P., Catalan, V., Moore, C.E., Farallo, V.R., Benson, A., Dade, J., Hopkins, W., and Mims, M.C., 2024, Thermal traits of anurans database for the southeastern United States (TRAD): A database of thermal trait values for 40 anuran species: Ichthyology & Herpetology, v. 112, no. 1, p. 21-30, https://doi.org/10.1643/h2022102.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-146981","costCenters":[{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1643/h2022102","text":"External Repository"},{"id":426056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southeastern United 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2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:56:30.550181","indexId":"sir20235143","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-13T07:37:40","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5143","displayTitle":"Water-Level and Recoverable Water in Storage Changes, High Plains Aquifer, Predevelopment to 2019 and 2017 to 2019","title":"Water-level and recoverable water in storage changes, High Plains Aquifer, predevelopment to 2019 and 2017 to 2019","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies 111.8 million acres (about 175,000 square miles) in parts of eight States: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Water-level declines began in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the beginning of substantial groundwater irrigation (about 1950). This report presents water-level changes and change in recoverable water in storage in the High Plains aquifer from predevelopment (about 1950) to 2019 and from 2017 to 2019.
Water-level changes from predevelopment to 2019, by well, ranged from a rise of 86 feet to a decline of 265 feet; the range for 99 percent of the wells was from a rise of 42 feet to a decline of 203 feet. Water-level changes from 2017 to 2019, by well, ranged from a rise of 34 feet to a decline of 27 feet; the range for 99 percent of the wells was from a rise of 11 feet to a decline of 11 feet. The area-weighted, average water-level changes in the aquifer were an overall decline of 16.5 feet from predevelopment to 2019 and a rise of 0.1 foot from 2017 to 2019. Recoverable water in storage in the aquifer in 2019 was about 2.91 billion acre-feet, which was a decline of about 286.4 million acre-feet since predevelopment and a rise of 1.6 million acre-feet from 2017 to 2019.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235143","programNote":"Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program","usgsCitation":"McGuire, V.L., and Strauch, K.R., 2024, Water-level and recoverable water in storage changes, High Plains Aquifer, predevelopment to 2019 and 2017 to 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5143, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235143.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 15 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-117286","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425299,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5143/images/"},{"id":425296,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5143/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425298,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5143/sir20235143.XML"},{"id":425300,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WPP01S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from maps of water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, predevelopment (about 1950) to 2019 and 2017 to 2019"},{"id":425301,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235143/full"},{"id":499405,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116026.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425297,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5143/sir20235143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023–5143"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
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Fluvial silicon (Si) plays a critical role in controlling primary production, water quality, and carbon sequestration through supporting freshwater and marine diatom communities. Geological, biogeochemical, and hydrological processes, as well as climate and land use, dictate the amount of Si exported by streams. Understanding Si regimes—the seasonal patterns of Si concentrations—can help identify processes driving Si export. We analyzed Si concentrations from over 200 stream sites across the Northern Hemisphere to establish distinct Si regimes and evaluated how often sites moved among regimes over their period of record. We observed five distinct regimes across diverse stream sites, with nearly 60% of sites exhibiting multiple regime types over time. Our results indicate greater spatial and interannual variability in Si seasonality than previously recognized and highlight the need to characterize the watershed and climate variables that affect Si cycling across diverse ecosystems.
We develop Attenuated ProPagation of Local Earthquake Shaking (APPLES), a new configuration for the United States West Coast version of the Propagation of Local Undamped Motion (PLUM) earthquake early warning (EEW) algorithm that incorporates attenuation into its ground-motion prediction procedures. Under APPLES, instead of using a fixed radius to forward-predict observed peak ground shaking to the area surrounding a seismic station, the forward-predicted intensity at a location depends on the distance from the station using an intensity prediction relationship. We conduct conceptual tests of maximum intensity distribution predictions in APPLES and PLUM using a catalog of ShakeMaps to confirm that the attenuation relationship in APPLES is appropriately modeling shaking distributions for West Coast earthquakes. Then, we run APPLES and PLUM in simulated real-time tests to determine warning time performance. Finally, we compare real-time alert behavior during the 2022 M6.4 Ferndale, California, earthquake and other recent events. We find that APPLES presents two potential improvements to PLUM by reducing over-alerting during smaller magnitude earthquakes and by increasing warning times in some locations during larger earthquakes. APPLES can produce missed and late alerts in locations that experience shaking intensities close to the level used to issue alerts, so preferred alerting strategies with APPLES would use alert thresholds that are lower than the intensities targeted for EEW alerts. We find alerts using APPLES are also similar to those for the source-based approaches currently used in the ShakeAlert EEW system, which will make APPLES easier to integrate into the system.
Large dam removal can trigger changes to physical and biological processes that influence vegetation dynamics in former reservoirs, along river corridors downstream of former dams, and at a river’s terminus in deltas and estuaries. We present the first comprehensive review of vegetation response to major fluvial disturbance caused by the world’s largest dam removal. After being in place for nearly a century, two large dams were removed along the Elwha River, Washington, USA, between 2011 and 2014. The exposure, erosion, transport, and deposition of large volumes of sediment and large wood that were impounded behind the dams created new fluvial surfaces where plant colonization and growth have occurred. In the former reservoirs, dam removal exposed ~290 ha of unvegetated sediment distributed on three main landforms: valley walls, high terraces, and dynamic floodplains. In addition to natural revegetation in the former reservoirs, weed control and seeding and planting of desirable plants influenced vegetation trajectories. In early years following dam removal, ~20.5 Mt of trapped sediment were eroded from the former reservoirs and transported downstream. This sediment pulse, in combination with transport of large wood, led to channel widening, an increase in gravel bars, and floodplain deposition. The primary vegetation responses along the river corridor were a reduction in vegetated area associated with channel widening, plant establishment on new gravel bars, increased hydrochory, and altered plant community composition on gravel bars and floodplains. Plant species diversity increased in some river segments. In the delta, sediment deposition led to the creation of ~26.8 ha of new land surfaces and altered the distribution and dynamics of intertidal water bodies. Vegetation colonized ~16.4 ha of new surfaces: mixed pioneer vegetation colonized supratidal beach, river bars, and river mouth bars, and emergent marsh vegetation colonized intertidal aquatic habitats. In addition to the sediment-dominated processes that have created opportunities for plant colonization and growth, biological processes such as restored hydrochory and anadromous fish passage with associated delivery of marine-derived nutrients may influence vegetation dynamics over time. Rapid changes to landforms and vegetation growth were related to the large sediment pulse in the early years following dam removal, and the rate of change is expected to attenuate as the system adjusts to natural flow and sediment regimes.
Genetic resiliency is the likelihood that populations retain sufficient genetic diversity to respond to environmental change. It is rarely examined through time in conservation genetic studies due to challenges of acquiring and sequencing historical specimens. Focusing on populations of two sibling bumble bee species of conservation concern with different recent patterns of decline, we used museum specimens collected between 1960 and 2020 and 15 microsatellite markers to assess genetic resiliency (allelic richness, expected heterozygosity, and inbreeding) through time and across geographic space. We find evidence of decreasing allelic richness through time, starting at least 30 years before observed abundance declines in one species and at least 20 years before present in a species with apparently stable abundance. We also found increasing expected heterozygosity through time, indicating increased inbreeding, in the putatively stable species. We demonstrate that genetic measurements taken from specimens collected through time can be used to detect population decline in imperiled species before decreases in abundance are detected. We also demonstrate the importance of interpreting population genetic metrics within the context of historical patterns to assess species' conservation statuses. Finally, we discuss the limitations of currently available population genetic methods, including the influence of isolation by distance and sampling density on measurements of genetic structure, and the influence of demographic characteristics and choice of genetic markers on estimates of genetic diversity and structure. We call for further development of individual-based modeling methods to measure genetic structure, as opposed to commonly applied population-based metrics, to overcome these limitations.
Large variations in redox-related water parameters, like pH and dissolved oxygen (DO), have been documented in New Hampshire (United States) drinking-water wells over the course of a few hours under pumping conditions. These findings suggest that comparable sub-daily variability in dissolved concentrations of redox-reactive and toxic arsenic (As) also may occur, representing a potentially critical public-health data gap and a fundamental challenge for long-term As-trends monitoring. To test this hypothesis, discrete groundwater As samples were collected approximately hourly during one day in May and again in August 2019 from three New Hampshire drinking-water wells (2 public-supply, 1 private) under active pumping conditions. Collected samples were assessed by laboratory analysis (total As [AsTot], As(III), As(V)) and by field analysis (AsTot) using a novel integrated biosensor system. Laboratory analysis revealed sub-daily variability (range) in AsTot concentrations equivalent to 16 % – 36 % of that observed in the antecedent 3-year bimonthly trend monitoring. Thus, the results indicated that, along with previously demonstrated seasonality effects, the timing and duration of pumping are important considerations when assessing trends in drinking-water As exposures and concomitant risks. Results also illustrated the utility of the field sensor for monitoring and management of AsTot exposures in near-real-time.
Wildlife populations at the peripheries of their distributions or on isolated islands often display divergent and poorly understood morphological or life-history characteristics compared to core populations. We used a capture–mark–recapture dataset collected over a 19-year period to characterize a northern, insular snake assemblage in coastal Maine. We captured 611 individual snakes of 4 species (Thamnophis sirtalis [Common Gartersnake; n = 221 individuals], Diadophis punctatus [Ring-necked Snake; n = 258 individuals], Storeria occipitomaculata [Red-bellied Snake; n = 81 individuals], and Opheodrys vernalis [Smooth Greensnake; n = 51 individuals]) and recorded 104 recaptures. We provide some of the first data on growth, reproduction, and movement for these species in northern New England, expanding our understanding of insular and northern snake populations. Specifically, we found that Common Gartersnakes fed primarily on earthworms and amphibians and grew rapidly, in accordance with mainland populations, but exhibited smaller size at maturity and average litter sizes. We captured an unusually large number of Ring-necked Snakes, which are uncommon elsewhere in Maine, and recorded an apparently localized nesting area for this species, as well as relatively long-distance (230–300 m) dispersal away from that location. In our population, female Ring-necked Snakes mature in their third year, and this species exhibits weak sexual size dimorphism (SSD). We found the ecology of Red-bellied Snakes at our study site to be similar to other populations, with individuals feeding on slugs, and females maturing in their second year; however, our population exhibited the strongest pattern of (female-biased) SSD. Smooth Greensnakes were restricted to the most extensive old-field habitat within our study site and fed on a variety of arthropods. We confirmed communal nesting and short incubation period for this species and provide among the first data on growth and longevity (at least 7 years) of this relatively understudied species.
Midcontinent sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis) are managed as a single population, but hunting regulations are structured so harvest is targeted towards the more numerous lesser sandhill cranes (A. c. canadensis). However, research indicates that greater sandhill cranes (A. c. tabida) have been disproportionally exposed to harvest at a rate exceeding their proportion within the midcontinent population. In addition, harvest has increased 22% per year in the U.S. Central Flyway states. The midcontinent population appears to be growing in recent years, but variability in annual abundance estimates has increased substantially. With limited resources and harvest management uncertainty increasing, we developed methods for a citizen science, photography-based harvest survey to estimate age and subspecies composition of harvested midcontinent sandhill cranes. To develop survey methods, we collected physical parts from 284 sandhill cranes in North Dakota in 2019 and 2020. We manually measured the culmen and tarsus using calipers, and digitally measured these parts using photographs and computer software. All digitally derived measurements were 2.5% to 5.9% larger than manual measurements; therefore, we developed linear models that adjusted digital measurements, facilitating subspecies prediction using an existing morphometric-based technique. In 2021, we requested an equal number of hunters to participate using 2 data collection methods to test if hunters could reliably take photographs suitable for digital measurement. Collection method 1 involved photographing the head and leg simultaneously, and Collection method 2 involved photographing the head only. Hunters submitted a total of 239 photographs. Only 80 of these photographs were submitted using Collection method 1, and 72% were suitable for digital measurement. Conversely, hunters submitted twice as many photographs using Collection method 2, and 88% of these photographs were deemed suitable. Although obtaining the tarsus measurement slightly improved subspecies predictability, Collection method 2 increased participation and usable data. We believe our results could be used to develop an operational survey of age and subspecies composition of midcontinent sandhill cranes, wherein a sample of crane hunters throughout the midcontinent population range would be asked to electronically submit a photograph of the head of each bird they harvest. A time series of age and subspecies composition of this population would provide managers with valuable information and improve harvest management at minimal additional cost and burden, compared to a traditional parts collection survey administered by mail.
Integrating recent scientific knowledge into management decisions supports effective natural resource management and can lead to better resource outcomes. However, finding and accessing scientific knowledge can be time consuming and costly. To assist in this process, the U.S. Geological Survey is creating a series of annotated bibliographies on topics of management concern for western lands. Previously published reports introduced a methodology for preparing annotated bibliographies to facilitate the integration of recent, peer-reviewed science into resource management decisions. Therefore, relevant text from those efforts is reproduced here to frame the presentation. Invasive annual grasses are widely distributed throughout the western United States and threaten native ecosystems by altering fire regimes, replacing native plants, and altering grazing patterns, often with tremendous associated costs. One invasive annual grass, Taeniatherum caput-medusae (hereafter, medusahead), was first documented in the United States in 1887 and has been identified as a species of management concern. Medusahead’s life history traits allow it to quickly and effectively dominate native plant communities, and it has already taken over millions of acres in western North America. Although medusahead can spread widely and disrupt ecosystem function, it has been studied less than other western invasive grass species. We compiled and summarized peer-reviewed journal articles, data products, and formal technical reports (such as U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Reports and U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports) on medusahead, published between January 2010 and January 2022. We first performed a systematic search of three reference databases and three government databases using the search phrase “medusahead” OR “medusa head” OR “Taeniatherum caput-medusae” OR “Taeniatherum caputmedusae” OR “Taeniatherum asperum.” We refined the initial list of products by removing (1) duplicates, (2) products not written in English, (3) publications that were not focused on North America, (4) publications that were not published as research, data products, or scientific review articles in peer-reviewed journals or as formal technical reports, and (5) products for which medusahead was not a research focus, or the study did not present new data or findings about medusahead. We summarized each product using a consistent structure (background, objectives, methods, location, findings, and implications) and identified the management topics (for example, species and population characteristics; habitat; and control and management efforts) addressed by each product. We also noted which publications included new geospatial data. The review process for this annotated bibliography included an initial internal colleague review of each summary, requesting input on each summary from an author of the original publication, and a formal peer review. Our initial searches resulted in 4,245 total products, of which 211 met our criteria for inclusion. The most commonly addressed management topics addressed in products summarized in the annotated bibliography were as follows: nonnative invasive plants, weed management, site-scale habitat characteristics, habitat restoration or reclamation, and cultural management of weeds. All published bibliographies, including the online version of this bibliography, are available at the Science for Resource Managers (https://apps.usgs.gov/science-for-resource-managers). This database is searchable by topic, location, and year and includes links to each original publication. The studies compiled and summarized here may inform planning and management actions that seek to maintain and restore sagebrush landscapes and associated native species across the western United States.
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U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01036-z","usgsCitation":"Daubar, I.J., Hayes, A.G., Collins, G.C., Craft, K., Rathbun, J.A., Spencer, J., Wyrick, D., Bland, M.T., Davies, A.G., Ernst, C.M., Howell, S., Leonard, E.J., McEwen, A.S., Moore, J.M., Phillips, C.B., Prockter, L., Quick, L.C., Scully, J.E., Soderblom, J.M., Brooks, S.M., Cable, M., Cameron, M.E., Chan, K., Chivers, C.J., Choukroun, M., Cochrane, C., Diniega, S., Dombard, A.J., Elder, C., Gerekos, C., Glein, C.R., Greathouse, T., Grima, C., Gudipati, M., Hand, K.L., Hansen, C., Hayne, P., Hedman, M., Hughson, K., Jia, X., Lawrence, J., Meyer, H.M., Miller, H.L., Patterson, G.W., Persaud, D., Piqueux, S., Retherford, K., Scanlan, K., Schenk, P., Schmidt, B., Schroeder, D., Steinbrugge, G., Stern, A., Tobie, G., Withers, P., Young, D., Buratti, B., Korth, H., Senske, D., and Pappalardo, R., 2024, Planned geological investigations of the Europa Clipper mission: Space Science Reviews, v. 220, 18, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01036-z.","productDescription":"18, 55 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150985","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01036-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"220","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daubar, I. 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Sustained space-based Earth observations are critical infrastructure to support the delivery of science and decision-support information with local, national, and global utility. This is reflected in part through the United States' sustained support of a suite of weather and land-imaging satellites. However, outside of these two areas, the US lacks an overarching, systematic plan or framework to identify, prioritize, fund, and implement sustained space-based Earth observations to meet the Nation's full range of needs for science, government policy, and societal support. To aid and accelerate the discussion on our nation's needs, challenges and opportunities associated with sustained critical space-based Earth observations, the Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) sponsored a multi-week think-tank study to offer ways forward. Based on this study, the KISS study team suggests the establishment of a robust coordination framework to help address US needs for sustained Earth observations. This coordination framework could account for: (a) approaches to identify and prioritize satellite observations needed to meet US needs for science and services, (b) the rapidly evolving landscape of space-based Earth viewing architecture options and technology improvements with increasing opportunities and lower cost access to space, and (c) the technical and programmatic underpinnings required for proper and comprehensive data stewardship to support a wide range of research and public services.
Microbial breakdown of organic matter is one of the most important processes on Earth, yet the controls of decomposition are poorly understood. Here we track 36 terrestrial human cadavers in three locations and show that a phylogenetically distinct, interdomain microbial network assembles during decomposition despite selection effects of location, climate and season. We generated a metagenome-assembled genome library from cadaver-associated soils and integrated it with metabolomics data to identify links between taxonomy and function. This universal network of microbial decomposers is characterized by cross-feeding to metabolize labile decomposition products. The key bacterial and fungal decomposers are rare across non-decomposition environments and appear unique to the breakdown of terrestrial decaying flesh, including humans, swine, mice and cattle, with insects as likely important vectors for dispersal. The observed lockstep of microbial interactions further underlies a robust microbial forensic tool with the potential to aid predictions of the time since death.
U.S. forests, particularly in the eastern states, provide an important offset to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Some have proposed that forest-based natural climate solutions can be strengthened via a number of strategies, including increases in the production of forest biomass energy. We used output from a forest dynamics model (SORTIE-ND) in combination with a GHG accounting tool (ForGATE) to estimate the carbon consequences of current and intensified timber harvest regimes in the Northeastern United States. We considered a range of carbon pools including forest ecosystem pools, forest product pools, and waste pools, along with different scenarios of feedstock production for biomass energy. The business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, which represents current harvest practices derived from the analysis of U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data, sequestered more net CO2 equivalents than any of the intensified harvest and feedstock utilization scenarios over the next decade, the most important time period for combatting climate change. Increasing the intensity of timber harvest increased total emissions and reduced landscape average forest carbon stocks, resulting in reduced net carbon sequestration relative to current harvest regimes. Net carbon sequestration “parity points,” where the regional cumulative net carbon sequestration from alternate intensified harvest scenarios converge with and then exceed the BAU baseline, ranged from 12 to 40 years. A “no harvest” scenario provides an estimate of an upper bound on forest carbon sequestration in the region given the expected successional dynamics of the region's forests but ignores leakage. Regional net carbon sequestration is primarily influenced by (1) the harvest regime and amount of forest biomass removal, (2) the degree to which bioenergy displaces fossil fuel use, and (3) the proportion of biomass diverted to energy feedstocks versus wood products.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4758","usgsCitation":"Brown, M.L., Canham, C., Buchholz, T., Gunn, J.S., and Donovan, T.M., 2024, Net carbon sequestration implications of intensified timber harvest in Northeastern U.S. forests: Ecosphere, v. 15, no. 2, e4758, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4758.","productDescription":"e4758, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145783","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4758","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Northeastern United 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\"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Michelle L.","contributorId":342622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Canham, Charles D.","contributorId":342623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canham","given":"Charles D.","affiliations":[{"id":36248,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchholz, Thomas","contributorId":342627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchholz","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81895,"text":"Spatial Informatics Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunn, John S.","contributorId":342628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donovan, Therese M. 0000-0001-8124-9251 tdonovan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-9251","contributorId":204296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251990,"text":"70251990 - 2024 - Lake water temperature modeling in an era of climate change: Data sources, models, and future prospects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-11T12:12:03.22485","indexId":"70251990","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-11T07:10:38","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17172,"text":"Review of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake water temperature modeling in an era of climate change: Data sources, models, and future prospects","docAbstract":"Lake thermal dynamics have been considerably impacted by climate change, with potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. To better understand the potential impacts of future climate change on lake thermal dynamics and related processes, the use of mathematical models is essential. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of lake water temperature modeling. We begin by discussing the physical concepts that regulate thermal dynamics in lakes, which serve as a primer for the description of process-based models. We then provide an overview of different sources of observational water temperature data, including in situ monitoring and satellite Earth observations, used in the field of lake water temperature modeling. We classify and review the various lake water temperature models available, and then discuss model performance, including commonly used performance metrics and optimization methods. Finally, we analyze emerging modeling approaches, including forecasting, digital twins, combining process-based modeling with deep learning, evaluating structural model differences through ensemble modeling, adapted water management, and coupling of climate and lake models. This review is aimed at a diverse group of professionals working in the fields of limnology and hydrology, including ecologists, biologists, physicists, engineers, and remote sensing researchers from the private and public sectors who are interested in understanding lake water temperature modeling and its potential applications.
Climate change is projected to impact river, lake, and wetland hydrology, with global implications for the condition and productivity of aquatic ecosystems. We integrated Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 based algorithms to track monthly surface water extent (2017–2021) for 32 sites across the central United States (U.S.). Median surface water extent was highly variable across sites, ranging from 3.9% to 45.1% of a site. To account for landscape-based differences (e.g., water storage capacity, land use) in the response of surface water extents to meteorological conditions, individual statistical models were developed for each site. Future changes to climate were defined as the difference between 2006–2025 and 2061–2080 using MACA-CMIP5 (MACAv2-METDATA) Global Circulation Models. Time series of climate change adjusted surface water extents were projected. Annually, 19 of the 32 sites under RCP4.5 and 22 of the 32 sites under RCP8.5 were projected to show an average decline in surface water extent, with drying most consistent across the southeast central, southwest central, and midwest central U.S. Projected declines under surface water dry conditions at these sites suggest greater impacts of drought events are likely in the future. Projected changes were seasonally variable, with the greatest decline in surface water extent expected in summer and fall seasons. In contrast, many north central sites showed a projected increase in surface water in most seasons, relative to the 2017–2021 period, likely attributable to projected increases in winter and spring precipitation exceeding increases in projected temperature.