The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) occupies the tropical coastal waters of the Greater Antilles and Caribbean, extending from Mexico along Central and South America to Brazil. Historically, manatees were abundant in Mexico, but hunting during the pre-Columbian period, the Spanish colonization and throughout the history of Mexico, has resulted in the significantly reduced population occupying Mexico today. The genetic structure, using microsatellites, shows the presence of two populations in Mexico: the Gulf of Mexico (GMx) and Chetumal Bay (ChB) on the Caribbean coast, with a zone of admixture in between. Both populations show low genetic diversity (GMx: NA = 2.69; HE = 0.41 and ChB: NA = 3.0; HE = 0.46). The lower genetic diversity found in the GMx, the largest manatee population in Mexico, is probably due to a combination of a founder effect, as this is the northern range of the sub-species of T. m. manatus, and a bottleneck event. The greater genetic diversity observed along the Caribbean coast, which also has the smallest estimated number of individuals, is possibly due to manatees that come from the GMx and Belize. There is evidence to support limited or unidirectional gene flow between these two important areas. The analyses presented here also suggest minimal evidence of a handful of individual migrants possibly between Florida and Mexico. To address management issues we suggest considering two distinct genetic populations in Mexico, one along the Caribbean coast and one in the riverine systems connected to the GMx.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10709-011-9583-z","issn":"00166707","usgsCitation":"Nourisson, C., Morales-Vela, B., Padilla-Saldivar, J., Tucker, K., Clark, A., Olivera-Gomez, L.D., Bonde, R.K., and McGuire, P., 2011, Evidence of two genetic clusters of manatees with low genetic diversity in Mexico and implications for their conservation: Genetica, v. 139, no. 7, p. 833-842, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-011-9583-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"833","endPage":"842","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218363,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-011-9583-z"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Coastal waters of the Greater Antilles and Caribbean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.525390625,\n 17.056784609942554\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 17.056784609942554\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 22.105998799750566\n ],\n [\n -98.525390625,\n 22.105998799750566\n ],\n [\n -98.525390625,\n 17.056784609942554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"139","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d6fe4b0c8380cd52ffe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nourisson, C.","contributorId":103873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nourisson","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morales-Vela, B.","contributorId":32481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morales-Vela","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Padilla-Saldivar, J.","contributorId":77403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Padilla-Saldivar","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, K.P.","contributorId":98449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, A.","contributorId":50476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olivera-Gomez, L. D.","contributorId":98156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olivera-Gomez","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGuire, P.","contributorId":65039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70036176,"text":"70036176 - 2011 - Active aeolian processes on Mars: A regional study in Arabia and Meridiani Terrae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T21:38:10.324644","indexId":"70036176","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Active aeolian processes on Mars: A regional study in Arabia and Meridiani Terrae","docAbstract":"We present evidence of widespread aeolian activity in the Arabia Terra/Meridiani region (Mars), where different kinds of aeolian modifications have been detected and classified. Passing from the regional to the local scale, we describe one particular dune field in Meridiani Planum, where two ripple populations are distinguished by means of different migration rates. Moreover, a consistent change in the ripple pattern is accompanied by significant dune advancement (between 0.4–1 meter in one Martian year) that is locally triggered by large avalanche features. This suggests that dune advancement may be common throughout the Martian tropics.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011GL048955","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Silvestro, S., Vaz, D., Fenton, L., and Geissler, P.E., 2011, Active aeolian processes on Mars: A regional study in Arabia and Meridiani Terrae: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 20, L20201, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048955.","productDescription":"L20201, 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048955"}],"volume":"38","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6aae4b0c8380cd47580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silvestro, S.","contributorId":18211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silvestro","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaz, D.A.","contributorId":84606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaz","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenton, L.K.","contributorId":102189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"L.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geissler, Paul E. pgeissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"pgeissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036168,"text":"70036168 - 2011 - Resource selection by black-footed ferrets in South Dakota and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70036168","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource selection by black-footed ferrets in South Dakota and Montana","docAbstract":"The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), once extinct in the wild, remains one of the most critically endangered mammals in North America despite 18 years of reintroduction attempts. Because black-footed ferrets are specialized predators of prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.), a better understanding of how black-footed ferrets select resources might provide insight into how best to identify and manage reintroduction sites. We monitored ferret resource selection at two reintroduction sites with different densities of prairie dog populations-one that contained a high density of prairie dogs (Conata Basin, South Dakota) and one that was lower (UL Bend, Montana). We evaluated support for hypotheses about ferret resource selection as related to the distribution of active burrows used by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), interactions between ferrets, and habitat edge effects. We found support for all three factors within both populations; however, they affected ferret resource selection differently at each site. Ferrets at Conata Basin tended to select areas with high prairie dog burrow density, closer to the colony edge, and that overlapped other ferret ranges. In contrast, ferrets at UL Bend tended not to select areas of high active prairie dog burrow density, avoided areas close to edge habitat, and females avoided areas occupied by other ferrets. The differences observed between the two sites might be best explained by prairie dog densities, which were higher at Conata Basin (119.3 active burrows per ha) than at UL Bend (44.4 active burrows per ha). Given the positive growth of ferret populations at Conata Basin, management that increases the density of prairie dogs might enhance ferret success within natural areas. To achieve long-term recovery of ferrets in the wild, conservationists should increasingly work across and outside natural area boundaries to increase prairie dog populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Areas Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3375/043.031.0304","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Jachowski, D., Millspaugh, J., Biggins, E., Livieri, T., Matchett, M., and Rittenhouse, C., 2011, Resource selection by black-footed ferrets in South Dakota and Montana: Natural Areas Journal, v. 31, no. 3, p. 218-225, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.031.0304.","startPage":"218","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218334,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.031.0304"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9fee4b0c8380cd860b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jachowski, D.S.","contributorId":67309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, J.J.","contributorId":99105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livieri, T.M.","contributorId":96910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":53121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rittenhouse, C.D.","contributorId":101499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rittenhouse","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036153,"text":"70036153 - 2011 - Summer nitrate uptake and denitrification in an upper Mississippi River backwater lake: The role of rooted aquatic vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:38:04.983287","indexId":"70036153","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer nitrate uptake and denitrification in an upper Mississippi River backwater lake: The role of rooted aquatic vegetation","docAbstract":"In-stream nitrogen processing in the Mississippi River has been suggested as one mechanism to reduce coastal eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic macrophytes in river channels and flood plain lakes have the potential to temporarily remove large quantities of nitrogen through assimilation both by themselves and by the attached epiphyton. In addition, rooted macrophytes act as oxygen pumps, creating aerobic microsites around their roots where coupled nitrification–denitrification can occur. We used in situ 15N–NO3 − tracer mesocosm experiments to measure nitrate assimilation rates for macrophytes, epiphyton, and microbial fauna in the sediment in Third Lake, a backwater lake of the upper Mississippi River during June and July 2005. We measured assimilation over a range of nitrate concentrations and estimated a nitrate mass balance for Third Lake. Macrophytes assimilated the most nitrate (29.5 mg N m−2 d−1) followed by sediment microbes (14.4 mg N m−2 d−1) and epiphytes (5.7 mg N m−2 d−1). Assimilation accounted for 6.8% in June and 18.6% in July of total nitrate loss in the control chambers. However, denitrification (292.4 mg N m−2 d−1) is estimated to account for the majority (82%) of the nitrate loss. Assimilation and denitrification rates generally increased with increasing nitrate concentration but denitrification rates plateaued at about 5 mg N L−1. This suggests that backwaters have the potential to remove a relatively high amount of nitrate but will likely become saturated if the load becomes too large.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Kreiling, R., Richardson, W.B., Cavanaugh, J., and Bartsch, L., 2011, Summer nitrate uptake and denitrification in an upper Mississippi River backwater lake: The role of rooted aquatic vegetation: Biogeochemistry, v. 104, no. 1-3, p. 309-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"324","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218571,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9503-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.60302734375,\n 47.08508535995386\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609375,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -92.94433593749999,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -91.77978515625,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -91.51611328125,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -91.64794921875,\n 39.57182223734374\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -89.62646484375,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -90.41748046874999,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -89.3408203125,\n 36.1733569352216\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 41.09591205639546\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 41.72213058512578\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -92.7685546875,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 47.204642388766935\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -95.60302734375,\n 47.08508535995386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f40e4b08c986b31e440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreiling, Rebecca 0000-0002-9295-4156 rkreiling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-4156","contributorId":147679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiling","given":"Rebecca","email":"rkreiling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cavanaugh, J.C.","contributorId":25269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavanaugh","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036152,"text":"70036152 - 2011 - Specificity of DNA vaccines against the U and M genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T10:27:11","indexId":"70036152","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Specificity of DNA vaccines against the U and M genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a fish rhabdovirus that causes significant mortality in salmonid species. In North America IHNV has three major genogroups designated U, M, and L. Host-specificity of the M and U genogroups of IHNV has been established both in the field and in experimental challenges, with M isolates being more prevalent and more virulent in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and U isolates being more prevalent and highly virulent in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). In this study, efficacy of DNA vaccines containing either M (pM) or U (pU) virus glycoprotein genes was investigated during intra- and cross-genogroup challenges in rainbow trout. In virus challenges at 7 days post-vaccination (early antiviral response), both pM and pU were highly protective against either M or U IHNV. In challenges at 28 days post-vaccination (specific antiviral response), both pM and pU were protective against M IHNV but the homologous pM vaccine was significantly more protective than pU in one of two experiments. At this stage both pM and pU induced comparably high protection against U IHNV challenge. Correlates of protection were also investigated by assessing the expression of the interferon-stimulated gene Mx-1 and the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) following pM or pU DNA vaccination. Mx-1 gene expression, measured at 4 and 7 days post-vaccination as an indicator of the host innate immune response, was found to be significantly higher after pM than pU vaccination in some cases. Neutralizing antibody was produced in response to the two vaccines, but antibody titers did not show consistent correlation with protection. The results show that the rainbow trout innate and adaptive immune responses have some ability to distinguish between the U and M genogroup IHNV, but overall the pM and pU vaccines were protective against both homologous and cross-genogroup challenges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.003","issn":"10504648","usgsCitation":"Penaranda, M., LaPatra, S., and Kurath, G., 2011, Specificity of DNA vaccines against the U and M genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.003.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218570,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.003"},{"id":246593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b952ae4b08c986b31ad97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penaranda, M.M.D.","contributorId":17845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penaranda","given":"M.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPatra, S. E.","contributorId":55371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPatra","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036136,"text":"70036136 - 2011 - Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:37:02.235544","indexId":"70036136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"Fungicides are used to prevent foliar diseases on a wide range of vegetable, field, fruit, and ornamental crops. They are generally more effective as protective rather than curative treatments, and hence tend to be applied before infections take place. Less than 1% of US soybeans were treated with a fungicide in 2002 but by 2006, 4% were treated. Like other pesticides, fungicides can move-off of fields after application and subsequently contaminate surface water, groundwater, and associated sediments. Due to the constant pressure from fungal diseases such as the recent Asian soybean rust outbreak, and the always-present desire to increase crop yields, there is the potential for a significant increase in the amount of fungicides used on US farms. Increased fungicide use could lead to increased environmental concentrations of these compounds. This study documents the occurrence of fungicides in select US streams soon after the first documentation of soybean rust in the US and prior to the corresponding increase in fungicide use to treat this problem. Water samples were collected from 29 streams in 13 states in 2005 and/or 2006, and analyzed for 12 target fungicides. Nine of the 12 fungicides were detected in at least one stream sample and at least one fungicide was detected in 20 of 29 streams. At least one fungicide was detected in 56% of the 103 samples, as many as five fungicides were detected in an individual sample, and mixtures of fungicides were common. Azoxystrobin was detected most frequently (45% of 103 samples) followed by metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), myclobutanil (9%), and tebuconazole (6%). Fungicide detections ranged from 0.002 to 1.15 μ/L. There was indication of a seasonal pattern to fungicide occurrence, with detections more common and concentrations higher in late summer and early fall than in spring. At a few sites, fungicides were detected in all samples collected suggesting the potential for season-long occurrence in some streams. Fungicide occurrence appears to be related to fungicide use in the associated drainage basins; however, current use information is generally lacking and more detailed occurrence data are needed to accurately quantify such a relation. Maximum concentrations of fungicides were typically one or more orders of magnitude less than current toxicity estimates for freshwater aquatic organisms or humans; however, gaps in current toxicological understandings of the effects of fungicides in the environment limit these interpretations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Sandstrom, M.W., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., and Meyer, M.T., 2011, Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 218, no. 1-4, p. 307-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bd3e4b0c8380cd748ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036125,"text":"70036125 - 2011 - Glacial influence on the geochemistry of riverine iron fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and effects of deglaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:26:26","indexId":"70036125","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial influence on the geochemistry of riverine iron fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and effects of deglaciation","docAbstract":"Riverine iron (Fe) derived from glacial weathering is a critical micronutrient source to ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA). Here we demonstrate that the source and chemical nature of riverine Fe input to the GoA could change dramatically due to the widespread watershed deglaciation that is underway. We examine Fe size partitioning, speciation, and isotopic composition in tributaries of the Copper River which exemplify a long-term GoA watershed evolution from one strongly influenced by glacial weathering to a boreal-forested watershed. Iron fluxes from glacierized tributaries bear high suspended sediment and colloidal Fe loads of mixed valence silicate species, with low concentrations of dissolved Fe and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Iron isotopic composition is indicative of mechanical weathering as the Fe source. Conversely, Fe fluxes from boreal-forested systems have higher dissolved Fe concentrations corresponding to higher DOC concentrations. Iron colloids and suspended sediment consist of Fe (hydr)oxides and organic complexes. These watersheds have an iron isotopic composition indicative of an internal chemical processing source. We predict that as the GoA watershed evolves due to deglaciation, so will the source, flux, and chemical nature of riverine Fe loads, which could have significant ramifications for Alaskan marine and freshwater ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011GL048367","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Schroth, A., Crusius, J., Chever, F., Bostick, B., and Rouxel, O., 2011, Glacial influence on the geochemistry of riverine iron fluxes to the Gulf of Alaska and effects of deglaciation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 16, L16605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048367.","productDescription":"L16605","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475266,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl048367","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218158,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048367"},{"id":246143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -170.5,47.0 ], [ -170.5,61.7 ], [ -123.6,61.7 ], [ -123.6,47.0 ], [ -170.5,47.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2906e4b0c8380cd5a602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroth, A.W.","contributorId":79707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroth","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chever, F.","contributorId":44383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chever","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bostick, B.C.","contributorId":62813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bostick","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rouxel, O.J.","contributorId":32001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouxel","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036124,"text":"70036124 - 2011 - The trans-Himalayan flights of bar-headed geese (Anser indicus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T18:23:00.117717","indexId":"70036124","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The trans-Himalayan flights of bar-headed geese (Anser indicus)","docAbstract":"Birds that fly over mountain barriers must be capable of meeting the increased energetic cost of climbing in low-density air, even though less oxygen may be available to support their metabolism. This challenge is magnified by the reduction in maximum sustained climbing rates in large birds. Bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) make one of the highest and most iconic transmountain migrations in the world. We show that those populations of geese that winter at sea level in India are capable of passing over the Himalayas in 1 d, typically climbing between 4,000 and 6,000 m in 7–8 h. Surprisingly, these birds do not rely on the assistance of upslope tailwinds that usually occur during the day and can support minimum climb rates of 0.8–2.2 km·h−1, even in the relative stillness of the night. They appear to strategically avoid higher speed winds during the afternoon, thus maximizing safety and control during flight. It would seem, therefore, that bar-headed geese are capable of sustained climbing flight over the passes of the Himalaya under their own aerobic power.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Science","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1017295108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Hawkes, L., Balachandran, S., Batbayar, N., Butler, P., Frappell, P., Milsom, W., Tseveenmyadag, N., Newman, S.H., Scott, G., Sathiyaselvam, P., Takekawa, J.Y., Wikelski, M., and Bishop, C., 2011, The trans-Himalayan flights of bar-headed geese (Anser indicus): Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 23, p. 9516-9519, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1017295108.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"9516","endPage":"9519","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475139,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3111297","text":"External Repository"},{"id":246113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218129,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1017295108"}],"country":"China, India and Nepal","otherGeospatial":"Himalayas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 86.748046875,\n 24.046463999666567\n ],\n [\n 86.923828125,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n 77.607421875,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n 77.16796875,\n 23.725011735951796\n ],\n [\n 86.748046875,\n 24.046463999666567\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb137e4b08c986b32527b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkes, L.A.","contributorId":59551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balachandran, S.","contributorId":26891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balachandran","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batbayar, N.","contributorId":47074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batbayar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, P.J.","contributorId":55142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frappell, P.B.","contributorId":68573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frappell","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milsom, W.K.","contributorId":32383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milsom","given":"W.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tseveenmyadag, N.","contributorId":100663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tseveenmyadag","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Scott, G. R.","contributorId":61398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sathiyaselvam, P.","contributorId":51015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sathiyaselvam","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wikelski, M.","contributorId":95188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bishop, C.M.","contributorId":31103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70036123,"text":"70036123 - 2011 - Increased fitness of rice plants to abiotic stress via habitat adapted symbiosis: A strategy for mitigating impacts of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-06T21:05:23","indexId":"70036123","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased fitness of rice plants to abiotic stress via habitat adapted symbiosis: A strategy for mitigating impacts of climate change","docAbstract":"Climate change and catastrophic events have contributed to rice shortages in several regions due to decreased water availability and soil salinization. Although not adapted to salt or drought stress, two commercial rice varieties achieved tolerance to these stresses by colonizing them with Class 2 fungal endophytes isolated from plants growing across moisture and salinity gradients.\n\nPlant growth and development, water usage, ROS sensitivity and osmolytes were measured with and without stress under controlled conditions.\n\nThe endophytes conferred salt, drought and cold tolerance to growth chamber and greenhouse grown plants. Endophytes reduced water consumption by 20–30% and increased growth rate, reproductive yield, and biomass of greenhouse grown plants. In the absence of stress, there was no apparent cost of the endophytes to plants, however, endophyte colonization decreased from 100% at planting to 65% compared to greenhouse plants grown under continual stress (maintained 100% colonization).\n\nThese findings indicate that rice plants can exhibit enhanced stress tolerance via symbiosis with Class 2 endophytes, and suggest that symbiotic technology may be useful in mitigating impacts of climate change on other crops and expanding agricultural production onto marginal lands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0014823","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Redman, R.S., Kim, Y., Woodward, C., Greer, C., Espino, L., Doty, S., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2011, Increased fitness of rice plants to abiotic stress via habitat adapted symbiosis: A strategy for mitigating impacts of climate change: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 7, e14823, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014823.","productDescription":"e14823","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487299,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014823","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218128,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014823"}],"volume":"6","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39f8e4b0c8380cd61ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redman, R. S.","contributorId":26094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Y.-O.","contributorId":47593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Y.-O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodward, C.J.D.A.","contributorId":58879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"C.J.D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greer, C.","contributorId":15446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Espino, L.","contributorId":76583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espino","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doty, S.L.","contributorId":26174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doty","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036110,"text":"70036110 - 2011 - Using spatiotemporal models and distance sampling to map the space use and abundance of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:01:49","indexId":"70036110","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using spatiotemporal models and distance sampling to map the space use and abundance of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas)","title":"Using spatiotemporal models and distance sampling to map the space use and abundance of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas)","docAbstract":"High variability in abundance, cryptic coloration, and small body size of newly metamorphosed anurans have limited demographic studies of this life-history stage. We used line-transect distance sampling and Bayesian methods to estimate the abundance and spatial distribution of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) in terrestrial habitat surrounding a montane lake in central Washington, USA. We completed 154 line-transect surveys from the commencement of metamorphosis (15 September 2009) to the date of first snow accumulation in fall (1 October 2009), and located 543 newly metamorphosed toads. After accounting for variable detection probability associated with the extent of barren habitats, estimates of total surface abundance ranged from a posterior median of 3,880 (95% credible intervals from 2,235 to 12,600) in the first week of sampling to 12,150 (5,543 to 51,670) during the second week of sampling. Numbers of newly metamorphosed toads dropped quickly with increasing distance from the lakeshore in a pattern that differed over the three weeks of the study and contradicted our original hypotheses. Though we hypothesized that the spatial distribution of toads would initially be concentrated near the lake shore and then spread outward from the lake over time, we observed the opposite. Ninety-five percent of individuals occurred within 20, 16, and 15 m of shore during weeks one, two, and three respectively, probably reflecting continued emergence of newly metamorphosed toads from the lake and mortality or burrow use of dispersed individuals. Numbers of toads were highest near the inlet stream of the lake. Distance sampling may provide a useful method for estimating the surface abundance of newly metamorphosed toads and relating their space use to landscape variables despite uncertain and variable probability of detection. We discuss means of improving the precision of estimates of total abundance.","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","issn":"19317603","usgsCitation":"Chelgren, N.D., Samora, B., Adams, M.J., and McCreary, B., 2011, Using spatiotemporal models and distance sampling to map the space use and abundance of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas): Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 175-190.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263781,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/Volume_6/Issue_2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Rainier National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.876709,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.939905 ], [ -121.638906,46.939905 ], [ -121.638906,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.787719 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0a5e4b08c986b32a23f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan D.","contributorId":49062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samora, Barbara","contributorId":95770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samora","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCreary, Brome","contributorId":105005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036106,"text":"70036106 - 2011 - Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T19:44:34.24175","indexId":"70036106","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"A significant number of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquake swarms, some of which are accompanied by ground deformation and/or volcanic gas emissions, do not culminate in an eruption. These swarms are often thought to represent stalled intrusions of magma into the mid- or shallow-level crust. Real-time assessment of the likelihood that a VT swarm will culminate in an eruption is one of the key challenges of volcano monitoring, and retrospective analysis of non-eruptive swarms provides an important framework for future assessments. Here we explore models for a non-eruptive VT earthquake swarm located beneath Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, in May 1996–June 1997 through calculation and inversion of fault-plane solutions for swarm and background periods, and through Coulomb stress modeling of faulting types and hypocenter locations observed during the swarm. Through a comparison of models of deep and shallow intrusions to swarm observations, we aim to test the hypothesis that the 1996–97 swarm represented a shallow intrusion, or “failed” eruption. Observations of the 1996–97 swarm are found to be consistent with several scenarios including both shallow and deep intrusion, most likely involving a relatively small volume of intruded magma and/or a low degree of magma pressurization corresponding to a relatively low likelihood of eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Roman, D., and Power, J.A., 2011, Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 143-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Iliamna Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -147.67822265625,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -147.67822265625,\n 62.32920841458002\n ],\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 62.32920841458002\n ],\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 58.802361927759456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5367e4b0c8380cd6ca6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, Diana","contributorId":237832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","affiliations":[{"id":47620,"text":"Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington DC 20015","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":454216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036075,"text":"70036075 - 2011 - Role of the fish astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient neotropical streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T21:59:30.964283","indexId":"70036075","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of the fish astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient neotropical streams","docAbstract":"Nutrient recycling by animals is a potentially important biogeochemical process in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Stoichiometric traits of individual species may result in some taxa playing disproportionately important roles in the recycling of nutrients relative to their biomass, acting as keystone nutrient recyclers. We examined factors controlling the relative contribution of 12 Neotropical fish species to nutrient recycling in four streams spanning a range of phosphorus (P) levels. In high‐P conditions (135 μg/L soluble reactive phosphorus, SRP), most species fed on P‐enriched diets and P excretion rates were high across species. In low‐P conditions (3 μg/L SRP), aquatic food resources were depleted in P, and species with higher body P content showed low rates of P recycling. However, fishes that were subsidized by terrestrial inputs were decoupled from aquatic P availability and therefore excreted P at disproportionately high rates. One of these species, Astyanax aeneus (Characidae), represented 12% of the total population and 18% of the total biomass of the fish assemblage in our focal low‐P study stream but had P excretion rates >10‐fold higher than other abundant fishes. As a result, we estimated that P excretion by A. aeneus accounted for 90% of the P recycled by this fish assemblage and also supplied ∼90% of the stream P demand in this P‐limited ecosystem. Nitrogen excretion rates showed little variation among species, and the contribution of a given species to ecosystem N recycling was largely dependent upon the total biomass of that species. Because of the high variability in P excretion rates among fish species, ecosystem‐level P recycling could be particularly sensitive to changes in fish community structure in P‐limited systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-0081.1","usgsCitation":"Small, G.E., Pringle, C.M., Pyron, M., and Duff, J., 2011, Role of the fish astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient neotropical streams: Ecology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 386-397, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0081.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"397","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.012451171875,\n 9.589917307087418\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 9.589917307087418\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 10.919617760254697\n ],\n [\n -84.012451171875,\n 10.919617760254697\n ],\n [\n -84.012451171875,\n 9.589917307087418\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae70e4b0c8380cd870d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Small, G. E.","contributorId":14675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Small","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyron, M.","contributorId":6613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyron","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036072,"text":"70036072 - 2011 - Wintering bird response to fall mowing of herbaceous buffers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T17:21:42.926526","indexId":"70036072","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wintering bird response to fall mowing of herbaceous buffers","docAbstract":"Herbaceous buffers are strips of herbaceous vegetation planted between working agricultural land and streams or wetlands. Mowing is a common maintenance practice to control woody plants and noxious weeds in herbaceous buffers. Buffers enrolled in Maryland's Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) cannot be mowed during the primary bird nesting season between 15 April and 15 August. Most mowing of buffers in Maryland occurs in late summer or fall, leaving the vegetation short until the following spring. We studied the response of wintering birds to fall mowing of buffers. We mowed one section to 10–15 cm in 13 buffers and kept another section unmowed. Ninety-two percent of birds detected in buffers were grassland or scrub-shrub species, and 98% of all birds detected were in unmowed buffers. Total bird abundance, species richness, and total avian conservation value were significantly greater in unmowed buffers, and Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), and White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) were significantly more abundant in unmowed buffers. Wintering bird use of mowed buffers was less than in unmowed buffers. Leaving herbaceous buffers unmowed through winter will likely provide better habitat for wintering birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1676/09-202.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Blank, P., Parks, J., and Dively, G., 2011, Wintering bird response to fall mowing of herbaceous buffers: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 123, no. 1, p. 59-64, https://doi.org/10.1676/09-202.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218327,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/09-202.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Shore of Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.959228515625,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -75.750732421875,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -75.750732421875,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -76.959228515625,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -76.959228515625,\n 38.07404145941957\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd166e4b08c986b32f3e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blank, P.J.","contributorId":22176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blank","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parks, J.R.","contributorId":105155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dively, G.P.","contributorId":18604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dively","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036070,"text":"70036070 - 2011 - Evidence from lava flows for complex polarity transitions: The new composite Steens Mountain reversal record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T11:10:48","indexId":"70036070","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from lava flows for complex polarity transitions: The new composite Steens Mountain reversal record","docAbstract":"Geomagnetic polarity transitions may be significantly more complex than are currently depicted in many sedimentary and lava-flow records. By splicing together paleomagnetic results from earlier studies at Steens Mountain with those from three newly studied sections of Oregon Plateau flood basalts at Catlow Peak and Poker Jim Ridge 70–90 km to the southeast and west, respectively, we provide support for this interpretation with the most detailed account of a magnetic field reversal yet observed in volcanic rocks. Forty-five new distinguishable transitional (T) directions together with 30 earlier ones reveal a much more complex and detailed record of the 16.7 Ma reversed (R)-to-normal (N) polarity transition that marks the end of Chron C5Cr. Compared to the earlier R-T-N-T-N reversal record, the new record can be described as R-T-N-T-N-T-R-T-N. The composite record confirms earlier features, adds new west and up directions and an entire large N-T-R-T segment to the path, and fills in directions on the path between earlier directional jumps. Persistent virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) clusters and separate VGPs have a preference for previously described longitudinal bands from transition study compilations, which suggests the presence of features at the core–mantle boundary that influence the flow of core fluid and distribution of magnetic flux. Overall the record is consistent with the generalization that VGP paths vary greatly from reversal to reversal and depend on the location of the observer. Rates of secular variation confirm that the flows comprising these sections were erupted rapidly, with maximum rates estimated to be 85–120 m ka−1 at Catlow and 130–195 m ka−1 at Poker Jim South. Paleomagnetic poles from other studies are combined with 32 non-transitional poles found here to give a clockwise rotation of the Oregon Plateau of 11.4°± 5.6° with respect to the younger Columbia River Basalt Group flows to the north and 14.5°± 4.6° with respect to cratonic North America (95 per cent confidence interval).
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05086.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Jarboe, N.A., Coe, R.S., and Glen, J.M., 2011, Evidence from lava flows for complex polarity transitions: The new composite Steens Mountain reversal record: Geophysical Journal International, v. 186, no. 2, p. 580-602, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05086.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"580","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-026136","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487294,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05086.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218298,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05086.x"},{"id":246297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d5ae4b0c8380cd52f87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarboe, Nicholas A.","contributorId":196084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarboe","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Robert S.","contributorId":20477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G. jglen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M. G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036041,"text":"70036041 - 2011 - Permafrost-associated natural gas hydrate occurrences on the Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T20:11:59.832334","indexId":"70036041","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permafrost-associated natural gas hydrate occurrences on the Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"In the 1960s Russian scientists made what was then a bold assertion that gas hydrates should occur in abundance in nature. Since this early start, the scientific foundation has been built for the realization that gas hydrates are a global phenomenon, occurring in permafrost regions of the arctic and in deep water portions of most continental margins worldwide. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey made the first systematic assessment of the in-place natural gas hydrate resources of the United States. That study suggested that the amount of gas in the gas hydrate accumulations of northern Alaska probably exceeds the volume of known conventional gas resources on the North Slope. Researchers have long speculated that gas hydrates could eventually become a producible energy resource, yet technical and economic hurdles have historically made gas hydrate development a distant goal. This view began to change in recent years with the realization that this unconventional resource could be developed with existing conventional oil and gas production technology. One of the most significant developments was the completion of the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well on the Alaska North Slope, which along with the Mallik project in Canada, have for the first time allowed the rational assessment of gas hydrate production technology and concepts. Almost 40 years of gas hydrate research in northern Alaska has confirmed the occurrence of at least two large gas hydrate accumulations on the North Slope. We have also seen in Alaska the first ever assessment of how much gas could be technically recovered from gas hydrates. However, significant technical concerns need to be further resolved in order to assess the ultimate impact of gas hydrate energy resource development in northern Alaska.
Cassini Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observations of Mimas, Tethys, and Dione obtained during the nominal and extended missions at large solar phase angles were analyzed to search for plume activity. No forward scattered peaks in the solar phase curves of these satellites were detected. The upper limit on water vapor production for Mimas and Tethys is one order of magnitude less than the production for Enceladus. For Dione, the upper limit is two orders of magnitude less, suggesting this world is as inert as Rhea (Pitman, K.M., Buratti, B.J., Mosher, J.A., Bauer, J.M., Momary, T., Brown, R.H., Nicholson, P.D., Hedman, M.M. [2008]. Astrophys. J. Lett. 680, L65–L68). Although the plumes are best seen at ∼2.0 μm, Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) Narrow Angle Camera images obtained at the same time as the VIMS data were also inspected for these features. None of the Cassini ISS images shows evidence for plumes. The absence of evidence for any Enceladus-like plumes on the medium-sized saturnian satellites cannot absolutely rule out current geologic activity. The activity may below our threshold of detection, or it may be occurring but not captured on the handful of observations at large solar phase angles obtained for each moon. Many VIMS and ISS images of Enceladus at large solar phase angles, for example, do not contain plumes, as the active “tiger stripes” in the south pole region are pointed away from the spacecraft at these times. The 7-year Cassini Solstice Mission is scheduled to gather additional measurements at large solar phase angles that are capable of revealing activity on the saturnian moons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.030","usgsCitation":"Buratti, B.J., Faulk, S., Mosher, J., Baines, K.H., Brown, R.H., Clark, R.C., and Nicholson, P.D., 2011, Search for and limits on plume activity on Mimas, Tethys, and Dione with the Cassini Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS): Icarus, v. 214, no. 2, p. 534-540, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.030.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"540","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Dione, Mimas, Tethys","volume":"214","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b883ee4b08c986b316894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulk, S.P.","contributorId":98575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulk","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosher, J.","contributorId":89759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosher","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, Randal C. rcclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Randal","email":"rcclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":453591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035990,"text":"70035990 - 2011 - Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:19:42.215385","indexId":"70035990","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations","docAbstract":"In February 2007, the U.S. Department of Energy, BP Exploration (Alaska), and the U.S. Geological Survey, collected open-hole pressure-response data, as well as gas and water sample collection, in a gas hydrate reservoir (the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well) using Schlumberger's Modular Dynamics Formation Tester (MDT) wireline tool. Four such MDT tests, ranging from six to twelve hours duration, and including a series of flow, sampling, and shut-in periods of various durations, were conducted. Locations for the testing were selected based on NMR and other log data to assure sufficient isolation from reservoir boundaries and zones of excess free water. Test stages in which pressure was reduced sufficiently to mobilize free water in the formation (yet not cause gas hydrate dissociation) produced readily interpretable pressure build-up profiles. Build-ups following larger drawdowns consistently showed gas-hydrate dissociation and gas release (as confirmed by optical fluid analyzer data), as well as progressive dampening of reservoir pressure build-up during sequential tests at a given MDT test station.
History matches of one multi-stage, 12-h test (the C2 test) were accomplished using five different reservoir simulators: CMG-STARS, HydrateResSim, MH21-HYDRES, STOMP-HYD, and TOUGH + HYDRATE. Simulations utilized detailed information collected across the reservoir either obtained or determined from geophysical well logs, including thickness (11.3 m, 37 ft.), porosity (35%), hydrate saturation (65%), both mobile and immobile water saturations, intrinsic permeability (1000 mD), pore water salinity (5 ppt), and formation temperature (3.3–3.9 °C). This paper will present the approach and preliminary results of the history-matching efforts, including estimates of initial formation permeability and analyses of the various unique features exhibited by the MDT results.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.012","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B., Hancock, S., Wilson, S., Enger, C., Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., and Hunter, R., 2011, Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 478-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"492","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"The North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.080078125,\n 67.20403234340081\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 67.20403234340081\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 71.63599288330609\n ],\n [\n -167.080078125,\n 71.63599288330609\n ],\n [\n -167.080078125,\n 67.20403234340081\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a135ae4b0c8380cd54621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, B.","contributorId":34705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hancock, S.","contributorId":71742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hancock","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, S.","contributorId":98935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Enger, C.","contributorId":83762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enger","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunter, R.","contributorId":36778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035986,"text":"70035986 - 2011 - Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T10:58:24","indexId":"70035986","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars","docAbstract":"Columbus crater in the Terra Sirenum region of the Martian southern highlands contains light‐toned layered deposits with interbedded sulfate and phyllosilicate minerals, a rare occurrence on Mars. Here we investigate in detail the morphology, thermophysical properties, mineralogy, and stratigraphy of these deposits; explore their regional context; and interpret the crater's aqueous history. Hydrated mineral‐bearing deposits occupy a discrete ring around the walls of Columbus crater and are also exposed beneath younger materials, possibly lava flows, on its floor. Widespread minerals identified in the crater include gypsum, polyhydrated and monohydrated Mg/Fe‐sulfates, and kaolinite; localized deposits consistent with montmorillonite, Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates, jarosite, alunite, and crystalline ferric oxide or hydroxide are also detected. Thermal emission spectra suggest abundances of these minerals in the tens of percent range. Other craters in northwest Terra Sirenum also contain layered deposits and Al/Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates, but sulfates have so far been found only in Columbus and Cross craters. The region's intercrater plains contain scattered exposures of Al‐phyllosilicates and one isolated mound with opaline silica, in addition to more common Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates with chlorides. A Late Noachian age is estimated for the aqueous deposits in Columbus, coinciding with a period of inferred groundwater upwelling and evaporation, which (according to model results reported here) could have formed evaporites in Columbus and other craters in Terra Sirenum. Hypotheses for the origin of these deposits include groundwater cementation of crater‐filling sediments and/or direct precipitation from subaerial springs or in a deep (∼900 m) paleolake. Especially under the deep lake scenario, which we prefer, chemical gradients in Columbus crater may have created a habitable environment at this location on early Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003694","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wray, J., Milliken, R., Dundas, C.M., Swayze, G.A., Andrews-Hanna, J.C., Baldridge, A., Chojnacki, M., Bishop, J., Ehlmann, B., Murchie, S., Clark, R.N., Seelos, F., Tornabene, L., and Squyres, S.W., 2011, Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 1, E01001; 41 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003694.","productDescription":"E01001; 41 p.","ipdsId":"IP-021564","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475082,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003694","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003694"},{"id":244254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7cfe4b0c8380cd4ccf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wray, J.J.","contributorId":26049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milliken, R.E.","contributorId":98022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews-Hanna, J. C.","contributorId":37532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews-Hanna","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldridge, A.M.","contributorId":15037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldridge","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chojnacki, M.","contributorId":25385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bishop, J.L.","contributorId":83244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ehlmann, B.L.","contributorId":107837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murchie, S.L.","contributorId":7369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Seelos, F.P.","contributorId":44350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tornabene, L.L.","contributorId":99679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornabene","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70035981,"text":"70035981 - 2011 - Cosmogenic nuclide and uranium-series dating of old, high shorelines in the western Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:53:22.174716","indexId":"70035981","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cosmogenic nuclide and uranium-series dating of old, high shorelines in the western Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Closed-basin pluvial lakes are sensitive recorders of effective moisture, and they provide a terrestrial signal of climate change that can be compared to marine and ice records of glacial-interglacial cycles. Although the most recent deep-lake cycle in the western Great Basin (at ca. 16 ka) has been studied intensively, comparatively little is known about the longer-term Quaternary lacustrine history of the region. Lacustrine features higher than those of the most recent highstand have been discovered in many locations throughout the western Great Basin. Qualitative geomorphic and soil studies of shoreline sequences above the latest Pleistocene level suggest that their ages increase as a function of increasing altitude.
The results of cosmogenic nuclide dating using chlorine-36 depth profiles from three sites in Nevada (Walker Lake, Columbus Salt Marsh, and Newark Valley), combined with uranium-series and radiocarbon ages, corroborate the geomorphic and soil evidence. The 36Cl results are consistent with available 14C ages and together indicate that the most recent highstands of all three lakes occurred ca. 20–15 ka, late in marine isotope stage (MIS) 2, as shown by previous ages. The 36Cl ages indicate that older lakes in all three basins reached highstands between 100 and 50 ka, and most likely during MIS 4. Shorelines of this age are at about the same or higher altitudes as the younger, MIS 2 shorelines in those basins. The 36Cl results combined with uranium-series ages and one tephra correlation obtained on shorelines higher in altitude than those of MIS 4 and 2 lakes suggest that there were also major lake highstands in the western Great Basin at ca. 100–200 ka, likely corresponding with MIS 6, and during at least two older periods. From these results, we conclude that the preserved shorelines show an apparent decrease in maximum levels with time, suggesting long-term drying of the region since the early middle Pleistocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30010.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Kurth, G., Phillips, F.M., Reheis, M.C., Redwine, J., and Paces, J.B., 2011, Cosmogenic nuclide and uranium-series dating of old, high shorelines in the western Great Basin, USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, no. 3-4, p. 744-768, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30010.1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"744","endPage":"768","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216296,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30010.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, and Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Western Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -116.21337890625,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -116.23535156249999,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -121.11328124999999,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -121.31103515625,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -118.67431640625,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc60e4b0c8380cd4e268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurth, G.","contributorId":22991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurth","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, F. M.","contributorId":24493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":138571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redwine, J.L.","contributorId":60468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redwine","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035979,"text":"70035979 - 2011 - Derivation of S and Pb in phanerozoic intrusion-related metal deposits from neoproterozoic sedimentary pyrite, Great Basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T10:10:42","indexId":"70035979","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Derivation of S and Pb in phanerozoic intrusion-related metal deposits from neoproterozoic sedimentary pyrite, Great Basin, United States","docAbstract":"The thick (≤8 km), regionally extensive section of Neoproterozoic siliciclastic strata (terrigenous detrital succession, TDS) in the central and eastern Great Basin contains sedimentary pyrite characterized by mostly high δ34S values (−11.6 to 40.8‰, >70% exceed 10‰; 51 analyses) derived from reduction of seawater sulfate, and by markedly radiogenic Pb isotopes (207Pb/204Pb >19.2; 15 analyses) acquired from clastic detritus eroded from Precambrian cratonal rocks to the east-southeast. In the overlying Paleozoic section, Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au deposits associated with Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary granitic intrusions (intrusion-related metal deposits) contain galena and other sulfide minerals with S and Pb isotope compositions similar to those of TDS sedimentary pyrite, consistent with derivation of deposit S and Pb from TDS pyrite. Minor element abundances in TDS pyrite (e.g., Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, and Au) compared to sedimentary and hydrothermal pyrite elsewhere are not noticeably elevated, implying that enrichment in source minerals is not a precondition for intrusion-related metal deposits.
Three mechanisms for transferring components of TDS sedimentary pyrite to intrusion-related metal deposits are qualitatively evaluated. One mechanism involves (1) decomposition of TDS pyrite in thermal aureoles of intruding magmas, and (2) aqueous transport and precipitation in thermal or fluid mixing gradients of isotopically heavy S, radiogenic Pb, and possibly other sedimentary pyrite and detrital mineral components, as sulfide minerals in intrusion-related metal deposits. A second mechanism invokes mixing and S isotope exchange in thermal aureoles of Pb and S exsolved from magma and derived from decomposition of sedimentary pyrite. A third mechanism entails melting of TDS strata or assimilation of TDS strata by crustal or mantle magmas. TDS-derived or assimilated magmas ascend, decompress, and exsolve a mixture of TDS volatiles, including isotopically heavy S and radiogenic Pb from sedimentary pyrite, and volatiles acquired from deeper crustal or mantle sources.
In the central and eastern Great Basin, the wide distribution and high density of small to mid-sized vein, replacement, and skarn intrusion-related metal deposits in lower Paleozoic rocks that contain TDS sedimentary pyrite S and Pb reflect (1) prolific Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary magmatism, (2) a regional, substrate reservoir of S and Pb in permeable and homogeneous siliciclastic strata, and (3) relatively small scale concentration of substrate and magmatic components. Large intrusion-related metal deposits in the central and eastern Great Basin acquired S and most Pb from thicker lithospheric sections.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.106.5.883","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Vikre, P., Poulson, S., and Koenig, A.E., 2011, Derivation of S and Pb in phanerozoic intrusion-related metal deposits from neoproterozoic sedimentary pyrite, Great Basin, United States: Economic Geology, v. 106, no. 5, p. 883-912, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.5.883.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"883","endPage":"912","numberOfPages":"30","ipdsId":"IP-021544","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216264,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.5.883"}],"volume":"106","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fedce4b0c8380cd4ef6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. pvikre@usgs.gov","contributorId":1800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter G.","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":453438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poulson, S.R.","contributorId":98859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koenig, Alan E. 0000-0002-5230-0924 akoenig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":1564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Alan","email":"akoenig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035957,"text":"70035957 - 2011 - A behavior-oriented dynamic model for sandbar migration and 2DH evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T19:35:12.244475","indexId":"70035957","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A behavior-oriented dynamic model for sandbar migration and 2DH evolution","docAbstract":"A nonlinear model is developed to study the time‐dependent relationship between the alongshore variability of a sandbar, a(t), and alongshore‐averaged sandbar position, xc(t). Sediment transport equations are derived from energetics‐based formulations. A link between this continuous physical representation and a parametric form describing the migration of sandbars of constant shape is established through a simple transformation of variables. The model is driven by offshore wave conditions. The parametric equations are dynamically coupled such that changes in one term (i.e., xc) drive changes in the other (i.e., a(t)). The model is tested on 566 days of data from Palm Beach, New South Wales, Australia. Using weighted nonlinear least squares to estimate best fit model coefficients, the model explained 49% and 41% of the variance in measured xc and a(t), respectively. Comparisons against a 1‐D horizontal (1DH) version of the model showed significant improvements when the 2DH terms were included (1DH and 2DH Brier skill scores were −0.12 and 0.42, respectively). Onshore bar migration was not predicted in the 1DH model, while the 2DH model correctly predicted onshore migration in the presence of 2DH morphology and allowed the bar to remain closer to shore for a given amount of breaking, providing an important hysteresis to the system. The model is consistent with observations that active bar migration occurs under breaking waves with onshore migration occurring at timescales of days to weeks and increasing 2DH morphology, while offshore migration occurs rapidly under high waves and coincides with a reduction in 2DH morphology.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JC006382","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Splinter, K., Holman, R., and Plant, N.G., 2011, A behavior-oriented dynamic model for sandbar migration and 2DH evolution: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. 1, C01020, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006382.","productDescription":"C01020, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475129,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006382","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006382"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e31ae4b0c8380cd45e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Splinter, K.D.","contributorId":68134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Splinter","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, R.A.","contributorId":73751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035952,"text":"70035952 - 2011 - Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:35:01","indexId":"70035952","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1799,"text":"Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images","docAbstract":"Twenty-five C-band Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired from the summer of 2002 to the summer of 2005 are used to map a 2003 boreal wildfire (B346) in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska under conditions of near-persistent cloud cover. Our analysis is primarily based on the 15 SAR scenes acquired during arctic growing seasons. The Radarsat-1 intensity data are used to map the onset and progression of the fire, and interferometric coherence images are used to qualify burn severity and monitor post-fire recovery. We base our analysis of the fire on three test sites, two from within the fire and one unburned site. The B346 fire increased backscattered intensity values for the two burn study sites by approximately 5–6 dB and substantially reduced coherence from background levels of approximately 0.8 in unburned background forested areas to approximately 0.2 in the burned area. Using ancillary vegetation information from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and information on burn severity from Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) data, we conclude that burn site 2 was more severely burned than burn site 1 and that C-band interferometric coherence data are useful for mapping landscape changes due to fire. Differences in burn severity and topography are determined to be the likely reasons for the observed differences in post-fire intensity and coherence trends between burn sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/19475705.2010.532971","issn":"19475705","usgsCitation":"Rykhus, R.P., and Lu, Z., 2011, Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images: Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, v. 2, no. 1, p. 15-32, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2010.532971.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2010.532971"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d7fe4b0c8380cd703e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rykhus, Russell P.","contributorId":27337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":453283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035951,"text":"70035951 - 2011 - Functional profiles reveal unique ecological roles of various biological soil crust organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T20:32:47.894469","indexId":"70035951","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional profiles reveal unique ecological roles of various biological soil crust organisms","docAbstract":"At the heart of the body of research on biodiversity effects on ecosystem function is the debate over whether different species tend to be functionally singular or redundant. When we consider ecosystem multi‐function, the provision of multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously, we may find that seemingly redundant species may in fact play unique roles in ecosystems.
2. Over the last few decades, the significance of biological soil crusts (BSCs) as ecological boundaries and ecosystem engineers, and their multi‐functional nature, has become increasingly well documented. We compiled ‘functional profiles’ of the organisms in this understudied community, to determine whether functional singularity emerges when multiple ecosystem functions are considered.
3. In two data sets, one representing multiple sites around the semi‐arid regions of Spain (regional scale), and another from a single site in central Spain (local scale), we examined correlations between the abundance or frequency of BSC species in a community, and multiple surrogates of ecosystem functioning. There was a wide array of apparent effects of species on specific functions.
4. Notably, in gypsiferous soils and at regional scale, we found that indicators of carbon (C) and phosphorus cycling were apparently suppressed and promoted by the lichens Diploschistes diacapsis and Squamarina lentigera, respectively. The moss Pleurochaete squarrosa appears to promote C cycling in calcareous soils at this spatial scale. At the local scale in gypsiferous soils, D. diacapsis positively correlated with carbon cycling, but negatively with nitrogen cycling, whereas numerous lichens exhibited the opposite profile.
5. We found a high degree of functional singularity, i.e. that species were highly individualistic in their effects on multiple functions. Many functional attributes were not easily predictable from existing functional grouping systems based primarily on morphology.
6. Our results suggest that maintaining species‐rich BSC communities is crucial to maintain the overall functionality of ecosystems dominated by these organisms, and that dominance and the outcome of competition could be highly influential in the determination of such functionality.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01835.x","issn":"02698463","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Mau, R., Maestre, F., Escolar, C., and Castillo-Monroy, A.P., 2011, Functional profiles reveal unique ecological roles of various biological soil crust organisms: Functional Ecology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 787-795, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01835.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"795","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216293,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01835.x"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1414e4b0c8380cd548ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":453277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mau, R.L.","contributorId":51573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mau","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maestre, F.T.","contributorId":98959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maestre","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Escolar, C.","contributorId":92079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escolar","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Castillo-Monroy, A. P.","contributorId":18990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castillo-Monroy","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035949,"text":"70035949 - 2011 - Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T21:04:55.472534","indexId":"70035949","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","docAbstract":"In February 2007, BP Exploration (Alaska), the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Geological Survey completed the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well (Mount Elbert well) in the Milne Point Unit on the Alaska North Slope. The program achieved its primary goals of validating the pre-drill estimates of gas hydrate occurrence and thickness based on 3-D seismic interpretations and wireline log correlations and collecting a comprehensive suite of logging, coring, and pressure testing data. The upper section of the Mount Elbert well was drilled through the base of ice-bearing permafrost to a casing point of 594 m (1950 ft), approximately 15 m (50 ft) above the top of the targeted reservoir interval. The lower portion of the well was continuously cored from 606 m (1987 ft) to 760 m (2494 ft) and drilled to a total depth of 914 m. Ice-bearing permafrost extends to a depth of roughly 536 m and the base of gas hydrate stability is interpreted to extend to a depth of 870 m. Coring through the targeted gas hydrate bearing reservoirs was completed using a wireline-retrievable system. The coring program achieved 85% recovery of 7.6 cm (3 in) diameter core through 154 m (504 ft) of the hole. An onsite team processed the cores, collecting and preserving approximately 250 sub-samples for analyses of pore water geochemistry, microbiology, gas chemistry, petrophysical analysis, and thermal and physical properties. Eleven samples were immediately transferred to either methane-charged pressure vessels or liquid nitrogen for future study of the preserved gas hydrate. Additional offsite sampling, analyses, and detailed description of the cores were also conducted. Based on this work, one lithostratigraphic unit with eight subunits was identified across the cored interval. Subunits II and Va comprise the majority of the reservoir facies and are dominantly very fine to fine, moderately sorted, quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragment-bearing to -rich sands. Lithostratigraphic and palynologic data indicate that this section is most likely early Eocene to late Paleocene in age. The examined units contain evidence for both marine and non-marine lithofacies, and indications that the depositional environment for the reservoir facies may have been shallower marine than originally interpreted based on pre-drill wireline log interpretations. There is also evidence of reduced salinity marine conditions during deposition that may be related to the paleo-climate and depositional conditions during the early Eocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Rose, K., Boswell, R., and Collett, T.S., 2011, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 311-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"331","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216262,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.34375,\n 67.7427590666639\n ],\n [\n -140.537109375,\n 67.7427590666639\n ],\n [\n -140.537109375,\n 71.44117085172385\n ],\n [\n -167.34375,\n 71.44117085172385\n ],\n [\n -167.34375,\n 67.7427590666639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e91e4b0c8380cd70b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035929,"text":"70035929 - 2011 - Process-based modeling of tsunami inundation and sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035929","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Process-based modeling of tsunami inundation and sediment transport","docAbstract":"The infrequent and unpredictable nature of tsunamis precludes the use of field experiments to measure the hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes that occur. Instead, these processes are often approximated from laboratory, numerical, and theoretical studies or inferred from observations of the resultant sediment deposits. Here Delft3D, a three-dimensional numerical model, is used to simulate the inundation and sediment transport of a tsunami similar in magnitude to the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami over one measured and three idealized morphologies. The model is first shown to match well the observations taken at Kuala Meurisi, Sumatra, and then used to examine in detail the processes that occur during the tsunami. The model predicts that at a given cross-shore location the onshore flow accelerates rapidly to a maximum as the wavefront passes, and then gradually decelerates before reversing direction and flowing offshore. The onshore flow does not tend to zero everywhere at maximum inundation, but instead flow reversal occurs near the shoreline even as the wavefront continues to inundate landward. While some sediment is eroded by the passing wavefront, the suspension of sandy sediment is dominated by the long-duration, high-velocity backwash that occurs along the beach face and offshore of the shoreline. Some of the sediment suspended during backwash is advected shoreward by the subsequent wave, creating large spatial gradients in the suspended sediment concentrations, which may not be in equilibrium with the local hydrodynamics. The inundation and transport of sediment during a tsunami can be affected by complexities in the morphological profile and interactions between multiple waves, and many of the hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes predicted here are similar to analogous processes previously observed in the swash zone. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JF001797","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Apotsos, A., Gelfenbaum, G., and Jaffe, B., 2011, Process-based modeling of tsunami inundation and sediment transport: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 116, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001797.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475179,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jf001797","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001797"},{"id":244313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8d8be4b0c8380cd7eca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apotsos, A.","contributorId":68989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apotsos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, B.","contributorId":78517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}