Sewage samples from 4 hospitals, 1 nursery, 1 slaughter house, 1 wastewater treatment plant and 5 source water samples of Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir were analyzed for macrolide, lincosamide, trimethoprim, fluorouinolone, sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics by online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that the concentration of ofloxacin (OFX) in hospital was the highest among all water environments ranged from 1.660 μg/L to 4.240 μg/L and norfloxacin (NOR, 0.136–1.620 μg/L), ciproflaxacin (CIP, ranged from 0.011 μg/L to 0.136 μg/L), trimethoprim (TMP, 0.061–0.174 μg/L) were commonly detected. Removal range of antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plant was 18–100% and the removal ratio of tylosin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were 100%. Relatively higher removal efficiencies were observed for tylosin (TYL), oxytetracycline (OXY) and tetracycline (TET)(100%), while lower removal efficiencies were observed for Trimethoprim (TMP, 1%), Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (EICIC, 18%) and Erythromycin-H2O (ERY-H2O, 24%). Antibiotics were removed more efficiently in primary treatment compared with those in secondary treatment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.034","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Chang, X., Meyer, M.T., Liu, X., Zhao, Q., Hao, C., Chen, J., Qiu, Z., Yang, L., Cao, J., and Shu, W., 2010, Determination of antibiotics in sewage from hospitals, nursery and slaughter house, wastewater treatment plant and source water in Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir in China: Environmental Pollution, v. 158, no. 5, p. 1444-1450, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.034.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1444","endPage":"1450","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.034"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Chongqing region, Three Gorge Reservoir","volume":"158","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff92e4b0c8380cd4f277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Xiaotian","contributorId":64834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Xiaotian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhao, Q.","contributorId":74985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hao, Chen","contributorId":89306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hao","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, J.-a.","contributorId":27715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.-a.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Qiu, Z.","contributorId":99802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qiu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cao, J.","contributorId":64483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shu, W.","contributorId":6290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70037358,"text":"70037358 - 2010 - Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:57:13","indexId":"70037358","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence","docAbstract":"Although livestock operations are known to harbor elevated levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria, few studies have examined the potential of livestock waste lagoons to reduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and examine the behavior of tetracycline [tet(O) and tet(W)] and sulfonamide [sul(I) and su/(II)] ARGsin a broad cross-section of livestock lagoons within the same semiarid western watershed. ARGs were monitored for one year in the water and the settled solids of eight lagoon systems by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, antibiotic residues and various bulk water quality constituents were analyzed. It was found that the lagoons of the chicken layer operation had the lowest concentrations of both tet and sul ARGs and low total antibiotic concentrations, whereas su ARGs were highest in the swine lagoons, which generally corresponded to the highest total antibiotic concentrations. A marginal benefit of organic and small dairy operations also was observed compared to conventional and large dairies, respectively. In all lagoons, su ARGs were observed to be generally more recalcitrant than tet ARGs. Also, positive correlations of various bulk water quality constituents were identified with tet ARGs but not sul ARGs. Significant positive correlations were identified between several metals and tet ARGs, but Pearson's correlation coefficients were mostly lower than those determined between antibiotic residues and ARGs. This study represents a quantitative characterization of ARGs in lagoons across a variety of livestock operations and provides insight into potential options for managing antibiotic resistance emanating from agricultural activities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es9038165","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"McKinney, C., Loftin, K.A., Meyer, M.T., Davis, J., and Pruden, A., 2010, Tet and sul antibiotic resistance genes in livestock lagoons of various operation type, configuration, and antibiotic occurrence: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 16, p. 6102-6109, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9038165.","productDescription":"8p.","startPage":"6102","endPage":"6109","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9038165"}],"volume":"44","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5e5e4b08c986b320d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, C.W.","contributorId":7943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.G.","contributorId":9447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruden, A.","contributorId":11451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037529,"text":"70037529 - 2010 - An analysis of the carbon balance of the Arctic Basin from 1997 to 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-04T11:12:06","indexId":"70037529","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3528,"text":"Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of the carbon balance of the Arctic Basin from 1997 to 2006","docAbstract":"This study used several model-based tools to analyse the dynamics of the Arctic Basin between 1997 and 2006 as a linked system of land-ocean-atmosphere C exchange. The analysis estimates that terrestrial areas of the Arctic Basin lost 62.9 Tg C yr-1 and that the Arctic Ocean gained 94.1 Tg C yr-1. Arctic lands and oceans were a net CO2 sink of 108.9 Tg C yr-1, which is within the range of uncertainty in estimates from atmospheric inversions. Although both lands and oceans of the Arctic were estimated to be CO2 sinks, the land sink diminished in strength because of increased fire disturbance compared to previous decades, while the ocean sink increased in strength because of increased biological pump activity associated with reduced sea ice cover. Terrestrial areas of the Arctic were a net source of 41.5 Tg CH4 yr-1 that increased by 0.6 Tg CH4 yr-1 during the decade of analysis, a magnitude that is comparable with an atmospheric inversion of CH4. Because the radiative forcing of the estimated CH4 emissions is much greater than the CO2 sink, the analysis suggests that the Arctic Basin is a substantial net source of green house gas forcing to the climate system.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Munksgaard","publisherLocation":"Copenhagen","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00497.x","issn":"02806509","usgsCitation":"McGuire, A., Hayes, D., Kicklighter, D., Manizza, M., Zhuang, Q., Chen, M., Follows, M., Gurney, K., McClelland, J., Melillo, J.M., Peterson, B.J., and Prinn, R., 2010, An analysis of the carbon balance of the Arctic Basin from 1997 to 2006: Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, v. 62, no. 5, p. 455-474, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00497.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475908,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00497.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217985,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00497.x"},{"id":245960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -299.53125,\n 60.23981116999893\n ],\n [\n -299.53125,\n 84.95930495623836\n ],\n [\n 85.078125,\n 84.95930495623836\n ],\n [\n 85.078125,\n 60.23981116999893\n ],\n [\n -299.53125,\n 60.23981116999893\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f4e4b0c8380cd48550","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, A. 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W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manizza, M.","contributorId":18210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manizza","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, M.","contributorId":73417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Follows, M.J.","contributorId":49217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follows","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gurney, K.R.","contributorId":102310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurney","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McClelland, J.W.","contributorId":62015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Peterson, B. J.","contributorId":53749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Prinn, R.G.","contributorId":26861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinn","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70037357,"text":"70037357 - 2010 - Transformation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a stream food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037357","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transformation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a stream food web","docAbstract":"The enantiomeric composition of chiral PCB congeners was determined in Twelvemile Creek (Clemson, SC) to examine potential mechanisms of biotransformation in a stream food web. We measured enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of six PCB atropisomers (PCBs 84, 91, 95, 136, 149, and 174) in surface sediment, fine benthic organic matter (FBOM), coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), periphyton, Asian clam, mayflies, yellowfin shiner, and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) using gas chromatography (GC-ECD). Nonracemic EFs of PCBs 91, 95, 136, and 149 were measured in almost all samples. Enantiomeric compositions of PCBs 84 and 174 were infrequently detected with racemic EFs measured in samples except for a nonracemic EF of PCB 84 in clams. Nonracemic EFs of PCBs 91, 136, and 149 in SPMDs may be due to desorption of nonracemic residues from FBOM. EFs for some atropisomers were significantly different among FBOM, CPOM, and periphyton, suggesting that their microbial communities have different biotransformation processes. Nonracemic EFs in clams and fish suggest both in vivo biotransformation and uptake of nonracemic residues from their food sources. Longitudinal variability in EFs was generally low among congeners observed in matrices. ?? 2010 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es902227a","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Dang, V., Walters, D., and Lee, C., 2010, Transformation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a stream food web: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 8, p. 2836-2841, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902227a.","startPage":"2836","endPage":"2841","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902227a"},{"id":245355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6d2e4b08c986b326ecf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dang, V.D.","contributorId":33558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dang","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, D.M.","contributorId":41507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, C.M.","contributorId":40031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037475,"text":"70037475 - 2010 - The relative influence of nutrients and habitat on stream metabolism in agricultural streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037475","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative influence of nutrients and habitat on stream metabolism in agricultural streams","docAbstract":"Stream metabolism was measured in 33 streams across a gradient of nutrient concentrations in four agricultural areas of the USA to determine the relative influence of nutrient concentrations and habitat on primary production (GPP) and respiration (CR-24). In conjunction with the stream metabolism estimates, water quality and algal biomass samples were collected, as was an assessment of habitat in the sampling reach. When data for all study areas were combined, there were no statistically significant relations between gross primary production or community respiration and any of the independent variables. However, significant regression models were developed for three study areas for GPP (r 2 = 0.79-0.91) and CR-24 (r 2 = 0.76-0.77). Various forms of nutrients (total phosphorus and area-weighted total nitrogen loading) were significant for predicting GPP in two study areas, with habitat variables important in seven significant models. Important physical variables included light availability, precipitation, basin area, and in-stream habitat cover. Both benthic and seston chlorophyll were not found to be important explanatory variables in any of the models; however, benthic ash-free dry weight was important in two models for GPP. ?? 2009 The Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-009-1127-y","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Frankforter, J., Weyers, H., Bales, J., Moran, P., and Calhoun, D., 2010, The relative influence of nutrients and habitat on stream metabolism in agricultural streams: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 461-479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1127-y.","startPage":"461","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475920,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1127-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1127-y"},{"id":244950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf2de4b08c986b3245e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankforter, J.D.","contributorId":80303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankforter","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weyers, H.S.","contributorId":8592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyers","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. 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The refugial hypothesis argues that populations retracted during glacial maxima and were isolated in separate refugia. One prediction of this hypothesis is that populations inhabiting different refugia diverged and then, during interglacial periods, rapidly expanded into deglaciated regions. The range of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was modified by these expansion and contraction cycles in the late Pleistocene. Our analyses of variation of mitochondrial control region sequences corroborate previous microsatellite analyses supporting independent evolutionary histories for Coastal and Continental wolves in North America. Coastal wolves represent the remnants of a formerly widespread and diverse southern clade that expanded into coastal Southeast Alaska, likely in the early Holocene. In contrast, extant northern Continental populations appear to be admixed, composed of lineages independently arising from ancestors that persisted in either southern or northern (Beringia) refugia. This pattern of diversification suggests the possibility of 3 temporally independent colonizations of North America by wolves from Asia. Coastal wolves are the last vestige of a formerly widespread phylogroup that largely was extirpated in North America by humans during the last century. The independent phylogeographic history of these Coastal wolves has yet to be characterized. Their distinctiveness among North American wolf populations may warrant a reevaluation of their conservation status and management. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/09-MAMM-A-036.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Weckworth, B.V., Talbot, S.L., and Cook, J.A., 2010, Phylogeography of wolves (Canis lupus) in the Pacific Northwest: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 91, no. 2, p. 363-375, https://doi.org/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-036.1.","startPage":"363","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475919,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/09-mamm-a-036.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217038,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-036.1"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a62e4b0c8380cd78e9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weckworth, Byron V.","contributorId":195766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weckworth","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, Joseph A.","contributorId":8323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037530,"text":"70037530 - 2010 - A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70037530","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)","docAbstract":"The birds in the family Parulidae-commonly termed the New World warblers or wood-warblers-are a classic model radiation for studies of ecological and behavioral differentiation. Although the monophyly of a 'core' wood-warbler clade is well established, no phylogenetic hypothesis for this group has included a full sampling of wood-warbler species diversity. We used parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods to reconstruct relationships among all genera and nearly all wood-warbler species, based on a matrix of mitochondrial DNA (5840 nucleotides) and nuclear DNA (6 loci, 4602 nucleotides) characters. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses provide a highly congruent picture of wood-warbler relationships, and indicate that the traditional generic classification of these birds recognizes many non-monophyletic groups. We recommend a revised taxonomy in which each of 14 genera (Seiurus, Helmitheros, Mniotilta, Limnothlypis, Protonotaria, Parkesia, Vermivora, Oreothlypis, Geothlypis, Setophaga, Myioborus, Cardellina, Basileuterus, Myiothlypis) corresponds to a well-supported clade; these nomenclatural changes also involve subsuming a number of well-known, traditional wood-warbler genera (Catharopeza, Dendroica, Ergaticus, Euthlypis, Leucopeza, Oporornis, Parula, Phaeothlypis, Wilsonia). We provide a summary phylogenetic hypothesis that will be broadly applicable to investigations of the historical biogeography, processes of diversification, and evolution of trait variation in this well studied avian group. ?? 2010 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018","issn":"10557903","usgsCitation":"Lovette, I., Perez-Eman, J., Sullivan, J., Banks, R., Fiorentino, I., Cordoba-Cordoba, S., Echeverry-Galvis, M., Barker, F., Burns, K., Klicka, J., Lanyon, S.M., and Bermingham, E., 2010, A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves): Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 57, no. 2, p. 753-770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018.","startPage":"753","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018"},{"id":245978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e384e4b0c8380cd4609f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovette, I.J.","contributorId":19252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovette","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perez-Eman, J. L.","contributorId":73444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Eman","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, J.P.","contributorId":49906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banks, R.C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fiorentino, I.","contributorId":78179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiorentino","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordoba-Cordoba, S.","contributorId":87010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordoba-Cordoba","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Echeverry-Galvis, M.","contributorId":63656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echeverry-Galvis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barker, F.K.","contributorId":68423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burns, K.J.","contributorId":32382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klicka, J.","contributorId":62054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klicka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lanyon, Scott M.","contributorId":42330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanyon","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33399,"text":"Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":27255,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bermingham, E.","contributorId":59391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bermingham","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70037473,"text":"70037473 - 2010 - Using chloride and other ions to trace sewage and road salt in the Illinois Waterway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037473","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using chloride and other ions to trace sewage and road salt in the Illinois Waterway","docAbstract":"Chloride concentrations in waterways of northern USA are increasing at alarming rates and road salt is commonly assumed to be the cause. However, there are additional sources of Cl- in metropolitan areas, such as treated wastewater (TWW) and water conditioning salts, which may be contributing to Cl- loads entering surface waters. In this study, the potential sources of Cl- and Cl- loads in the Illinois River Basin from the Chicago area to the Illinois River's confluence with the Mississippi River were investigated using halide data in stream samples and published Cl- and river discharge data. The investigation showed that road salt runoff and TWW from the Chicago region dominate Cl- loads in the Illinois Waterway, defined as the navigable sections of the Illinois River and two major tributaries in the Chicago region. Treated wastewater discharges at a relatively constant rate throughout the year and is the primary source of Cl- and other elements such as F- and B. Chloride loads are highest in the winter and early spring as a result of road salt runoff which can increase Cl- concentrations by up to several hundred mg/L. Chloride concentrations decrease downstream in the Illinois Waterway due to dilution, but are always elevated relative to tributaries downriver from Chicago. The TWW component is especially noticeable downstream under low discharge conditions during summer and early autumn when surface drainage is at a minimum and agricultural drain tiles are not flowing. Increases in population, urban and residential areas, and roadways in the Chicago area have caused an increase in the flux of Cl- from both road salt and TWW. Chloride concentrations have been increasing in the Illinois Waterway since around 1960 at a rate of about 1 mg/L/a. The increase is largest in the winter months due to road salt runoff. Shallow groundwater Cl- concentrations are also increasing, potentially producing higher base flow concentrations. Projected increases in population and urbanization over the next several decades suggest that the trend of increasing Cl- concentrations and loads will continue. Given the susceptibility of aquatic ecosystems to increasing Cl- concentrations, especially short-term spikes following snow melts, deleterious effects on riverine ecosystems would be expected. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.01.020","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kelly, W., Panno, S., Hackley, K.C., Hwang, H., Martinsek, A., and Markus, M., 2010, Using chloride and other ions to trace sewage and road salt in the Illinois Waterway: Applied Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 5, p. 661-673, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.01.020.","startPage":"661","endPage":"673","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217037,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.01.020"},{"id":244948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc03ee4b08c986b329fee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, W.R.","contributorId":74120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinsek, A.T.","contributorId":100107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinsek","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Markus, M.","contributorId":54781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markus","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037472,"text":"70037472 - 2010 - Abundances and distribution of minerals and elements in high-alumina coal fly ash from the Jungar Power Plant, Inner Mongolia, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70037472","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundances and distribution of minerals and elements in high-alumina coal fly ash from the Jungar Power Plant, Inner Mongolia, China","docAbstract":"The fly ash from the Jungar Power Plant, Inner Mongolia, China, is unique because it is highly enriched in alumina (Al2O3>50%). The fly ash mainly consists of amorphous glass and mullite and trace amounts of corundum, quartz, char, calcite, K-feldspar, clay minerals, and Fe-bearing minerals. The mullite content in fly ash is as high as 37.4% because of high boehmite and kaolinite contents in feed coal. Corundum is a characteristic mineral formed during the combustion of boehmite-rich coal.Samples from the economizer were sieved into six size fractions (<120, 120-160, 160-300, 300-360, 360-500, and >500 mesh) and separated into magnetic, mullite+corundum+quartz (MCQ) and glass phases for mineralogical and chemical analysis. The corundum content increases but amorphous glass decreases with decreasing particle size. Fractions of small particle sizes are relatively high in mullite, probably because mullite was formed from fine clay mineral particles under high-temperature combustion condition. Similarly, fine corundum crystals formed in the boiler from boehmite in feed coal. The magnetic phase consists of hematite, magnetite, magnesioferrite, and MgFeAlO4 crystals. The MCQ phase is composed of 89% mullite, 6.1% corundum, 4.5% quartz, and 0.5% K-feldspar.Overall, the fly ash from the power plant is significantly enriched in Al2O3 with an average of 51.9%, but poor in SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, P2O5, and As. Arsenic, TiO2, Th, Al2O3, Bi, La, Ga, Ni, and V are high in mullite, and the magnetic matter is enriched in Fe2O3, CaO, MnO, TiO2, Cs, Co, As, Cd, Ba, Ni, Sb, MgO, Zn, and V. The remaining elements are high in the glass fraction. The concentration of K2O, Na2O, P2O5, Nb, Cr, Ta, U, W, Rb, and Ni do not clearly vary with particle size, while SiO2 and Hg decrease and the remaining elements clearly increase with decreasing particle size. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.03.005","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Zhao, L., Peng, S., Chou, C.L., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Li, D., and Sun, Y., 2010, Abundances and distribution of minerals and elements in high-alumina coal fly ash from the Jungar Power Plant, Inner Mongolia, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 81, no. 4, p. 320-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.03.005.","startPage":"320","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217010,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.03.005"},{"id":244920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e660e4b0c8380cd4739c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, S.","contributorId":9757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhao, L.","contributorId":57196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, S.","contributorId":68688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, X.","contributorId":22076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":59969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, D.","contributorId":29990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sun, Y.","contributorId":47986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70037531,"text":"70037531 - 2010 - A fresh look at road salt: Aquatic toxicity and water-quality impacts on local, regional, and national scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70037531","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fresh look at road salt: Aquatic toxicity and water-quality impacts on local, regional, and national scales","docAbstract":"A new perspective on the severity of aquatic toxicity impact of road salt was gained by a focused research effort directed at winter runoff periods. Dramatic impacts were observed on local, regional, and national scales. Locally, samples from 7 of 13 Milwaukee, Wisconsin area streams exhibited toxicity in Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas bioassays during road-salt runoff. Another Milwaukee stream was sampled from 1996 to 2008 with 72% of 37 samples exhibiting toxicity in chronic bioassays and 43% in acute bioassays. The maximum chloride concentration was 7730 mg/L. Regionally, in southeast Wisconsin, continuous specific conductance was monitored as a chloride surrogate in 11 watersheds with urban land use from 6.0 to 100%. Elevated specific conductance was observed between November and April at all sites, with continuing effects between May and October at sites with the highest specific conductance. Specific conductance was measured as high as 30 800 ??S/cm (Cl = 11 200 mg/L). Chloride concentrations exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acute (860 mg/L) and chronic (230 mg/L) water-quality criteria at 55 and 100% of monitored sites, respectively. Nationally, U.S. Geological Survey historical data were examined for 13 northern and 4 southern metropolitan areas. Chloride concentrations exceeded USEPA water-quality criteria at 55% (chronic) and 25% (acute) of the 168 monitoring locations in northern metropolitan areas from November to April. Only 16% (chronic) and 1% (acute) of sites exceeded criteria from May to October. At southern sites, very few samples exceeded chronic water-quality criteria, and no samples exceeded acute criteria. ?? 2010 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es101333u","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Graczyk, D., Geis, S., Booth, N., and Richards, K., 2010, A fresh look at road salt: Aquatic toxicity and water-quality impacts on local, regional, and national scales: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 19, p. 7376-7382, https://doi.org/10.1021/es101333u.","startPage":"7376","endPage":"7382","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475783,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es101333u","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218004,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es101333u"},{"id":245979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e4e4b0c8380cd462a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, S.R.","contributorId":76346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graczyk, D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geis, S.W.","contributorId":86538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Booth, N.L.","contributorId":60815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richards, K.D.","contributorId":28635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037355,"text":"70037355 - 2010 - Predicting mercury concentrations in mallard eggs from mercury in the diet or blood of adult females and from duckling down feathers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T16:50:41","indexId":"70037355","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting mercury concentrations in mallard eggs from mercury in the diet or blood of adult females and from duckling down feathers","docAbstract":"Measurements of Hg concentrations in avian eggs can be used to predict possible harm to reproduction, but it is not always possible to sample eggs. When eggs cannot be sampled, some substitute tissue, such as female blood, the diet of the breeding female, or down feathers of hatchlings, must be used. When female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed diets containing methylmercury chloride, the concentration of Hg in a sample of their blood was closely correlated with the concentration of Hg in the egg they laid the day they were bled (r2=0.88; p<0.001). Even when the blood sample was taken more than two weeks after an egg was laid, there was a strong correlation between Hg concentrations in female blood and eggs (r2=0.67; p<0.0002). When we plotted the dietary concentrations of Hg we fed to the egg-laying females against the concentrations of Hg in their eggs, the r2 value was 0.96 (p<0.0001). When the concentrations of Hg in the down feathers of newly hatched ducklings were plotted against Hg in the whole ducklings, the r 2 value was 0.99 ( p<0.0003). Although measuring Hg in eggs may be the most direct way of predicting possible embryotoxicity, our findings demonstrate that measuring Hg in the diet of breeding birds, in the blood of egg-laying females, or in down feathers of hatchlings all can be used to estimate what concentration of Hg may have been in the egg.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/etc.50","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., Klimstra, J.D., and Stebbins, K.R., 2010, Predicting mercury concentrations in mallard eggs from mercury in the diet or blood of adult females and from duckling down feathers: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 2, p. 389-392, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.50.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475840,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.50","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217379,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.50"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81bbe4b0c8380cd7b6d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, Gary H.","contributorId":85698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klimstra, Jon D.","contributorId":6985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimstra","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stebbins, Katherine R.","contributorId":94012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stebbins","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037354,"text":"70037354 - 2010 - Relationships between water temperatures and upstream migration, cold water refuge use, and spawning of adult bull trout from the Lostine River, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:02:42","indexId":"70037354","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between water temperatures and upstream migration, cold water refuge use, and spawning of adult bull trout from the Lostine River, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Understanding thermal habitat use by migratory fish has been limited by difficulties in matching fish locations with water temperatures. To describe spatial and temporal patterns of thermal habitat use by migratory adult bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus, that spawn in the Lostine River, Oregon, we employed a combination of archival temperature tags, radio tags, and thermographs. We also compared temperatures of the tagged fish to ambient water temperatures to determine if the fish were using thermal refuges. The timing and temperatures at which fish moved upstream from overwintering areas to spawning locations varied considerably among individuals. The annual maximum 7-day average daily maximum (7DADM) temperatures of tagged fish were 16-18 ??C and potentially as high as 21 ??C. Maximum 7DADM ambient water temperatures within the range of tagged fish during summer were 18-25 ??C. However, there was no evidence of the tagged fish using localized cold water refuges. Tagged fish appeared to spawn at 7DADM temperatures of 7-14 ??C. Maximum 7DADM temperatures of tagged fish and ambient temperatures at the onset of the spawning period in late August were 11-18 ??C. Water temperatures in most of the upper Lostine River used for spawning and rearing appear to be largely natural since there has been little development, whereas downstream reaches used by migratory bull trout are heavily diverted for irrigation. Although the population effects of these temperatures are unknown, summer temperatures and the higher temperatures observed for spawning fish appear to be at or above the upper range of suitability reported for the species. Published 2009. This article is a US Governmentwork and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00393.x","issn":"09066691","usgsCitation":"Howell, P., Dunham, J., and Sankovich, P., 2010, Relationships between water temperatures and upstream migration, cold water refuge use, and spawning of adult bull trout from the Lostine River, Oregon, USA: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 19, no. 1, p. 96-106, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00393.x.","startPage":"96","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00393.x"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa65ae4b0c8380cd84de9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, P.J.","contributorId":34361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sankovich, P.M.","contributorId":64487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankovich","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037532,"text":"70037532 - 2010 - Estimating aboveground biomass for broadleaf woody plants and young conifers in Sierra Nevada, California, forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T17:08:39.886939","indexId":"70037532","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3744,"text":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating aboveground biomass for broadleaf woody plants and young conifers in Sierra Nevada, California, forests","docAbstract":"Quantification of biomass is fundamental to a wide range of research and natural resource management goals. An accurate estimation of plant biomass is essential to predict potential fire behavior, calculate carbon sequestration for global climate change research, assess critical wildlife habitat, and so forth. Reliable allometric equations from simple field measurements are necessary for efficient evaluation of plant biomass. However, allometric equations are not available for many common woody plant taxa in the Sierra Nevada. In this report, we present more than 200 regression equations for the Sierra Nevada western slope that relate crown diameter, plant height, crown volume, stem diameter, and both crown diameter and height to the dry weight of foliage, branches, and entire aboveground biomass. Destructive sampling methods resulted in regression equations that accurately predict biomass from one or two simple, nondestructive field measurements. The tables presented here will allow researchers and natural resource managers to easily choose the best equations to fit their biomass assessment needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/wjaf/25.4.203","issn":"08856095","usgsCitation":"McGinnis, T., Shook, C., and Keeley, J., 2010, Estimating aboveground biomass for broadleaf woody plants and young conifers in Sierra Nevada, California, forests: Western Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 25, no. 4, p. 203-209, https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/25.4.203.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/25.4.203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada forests","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.5419921875,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -120.34423828125,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 37.501010429493284\n ],\n [\n -119.20166015625,\n 36.589068371399115\n ],\n [\n -118.58642578124999,\n 35.64836915737426\n ],\n [\n -116.510009765625,\n 35.65729624809628\n ],\n [\n -115.99365234375,\n 35.7019167328534\n ],\n [\n -116.30126953125,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -120.5419921875,\n 39.2832938689385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b06e4b0c8380cd52516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGinnis, T.W.","contributorId":30949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shook, C.D.","contributorId":50794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shook","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037564,"text":"70037564 - 2010 - Mercury in the blood and eggs of American kestrels fed methylmercury chloride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T20:48:02.316926","indexId":"70037564","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in the blood and eggs of American kestrels fed methylmercury chloride","docAbstract":"American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed diets containing methylmercury chloride (MeHg) at 0, 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, or 5.0 µg/g (dry wt) starting approximately eight weeks before the onset of egg laying. Dietary treatment was terminated after 12 to 14 weeks, and unhatched eggs were collected for Hg analysis. Blood samples were collected after four weeks of treatment and the termination of the study (i.e., 12–14 weeks of treatment). Clutch size decreased at dietary concentrations above 2.8 µg/g. The average total mercury concentration in clutches of eggs and in the second egg laid (i.e., egg B) increased linearly with dietary concentration. Mercury concentrations in egg B were approximately 25% lower than in the first egg laid and similar in concentration to the third egg laid. Mercury concentrations in whole blood and plasma also increased linearly with dietary concentration. Total Hg concentrations in June blood samples were lower than those in April, despite 8 to 10 weeks of additional dietary exposure to MeHg in the diet. This is likely because of excretion of Hg into growing flight feathers beginning shortly after the start of egg production. The strongest relationships between Hg concentrations in blood and eggs occurred when we used blood samples collected in April before egg laying and feather molt.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.284","usgsCitation":"French, J.B., Bennett, R.S., and Rossmann, R., 2010, Mercury in the blood and eggs of American kestrels fed methylmercury chloride: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 10, p. 2206-2210, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.284.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2206","endPage":"2210","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-013355","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.284","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a541be4b0c8380cd6cea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, John B. 0000-0001-8901-7092 jbfrench@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","email":"jbfrench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Richard S.","contributorId":116131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossmann, Ronald","contributorId":149112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossmann","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17646,"text":"U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Grosse Ile, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037552,"text":"70037552 - 2010 - Steroid determination in fish plasma using capillary electrophoresis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T09:08:19","indexId":"70037552","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steroid determination in fish plasma using capillary electrophoresis","docAbstract":"A capillary separation method that incorporates pH-mediated stacking is employed for the simultaneous determination of circulating steroid hormones in plasma from Perca flavescens (yellow perch) collected from natural aquatic environments. The method can be applied to separate eight steroid standards: progesterone, 17α,20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, estrone, 11-ketotestosterone, ethynyl estradiol, and 17β-estradiol. Based on screening of plasma, the performance of the analytical method was determined for 17α,20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17β-estradiol. The within-day reproducibility in migration time for these four steroids in aqueous samples was ≤2%. Steroid quantification was accomplished using a calibration curve obtained with external standards. Plasma samples from fish collected from the Choptank and Severn Rivers, Maryland, USA, stored for up to one year were extracted with ethyl acetate and then further processed with anion exchange and hydrophobic solid phase extraction cartridges. The recovery of testosterone and 17β-estradiol from yellow perch plasma was 84 and 85%, respectively. Endogenous levels of testosterone ranged from 0.9 to 44 ng/ml, and when detected 17α,20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one ranged from 5 to 34 ng/ml. The reported values for testosterone correlated well with the immunoassay technique. Endogenous concentrations of 17β-estradiol were ≤1.7 ng/ml. 11-Ketotestosterone was not quantified because of a suspected interferant. Higher levels of 17α,20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one were found in male and female fish in which 17β-estradiol was not detected. Monitoring multiple steroids can provide insight into hormonal fluctuations in fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.252","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Bykova, L., Archer-Hartmann, S.A., Holland, L., Iwanowicz, L.R., and Blazer, V., 2010, Steroid determination in fish plasma using capillary electrophoresis: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 9, p. 1950-1956, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.252.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1950","endPage":"1956","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475806,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.252","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217904,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.252"},{"id":245877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River, Severn River","volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9837e4b08c986b31beea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bykova, L.","contributorId":64926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bykova","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archer-Hartmann, S. A.","contributorId":85444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archer-Hartmann","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, L.A.","contributorId":40049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":190787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037381,"text":"70037381 - 2010 - Temporal and spatial shifts in habitat use by Black Brant immediately following flightless molt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T13:40:14","indexId":"70037381","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial shifts in habitat use by Black Brant immediately following flightless molt","docAbstract":"Each year thousands of Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) undergo flightless wing molt in the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), Alaska, in two distinct habitats: inland, freshwater lakes and coastal, brackish wetlands. Brant lose body mass during wing molt and likely must add reserves upon regaining flight to help fuel their 2,500 km migration to autumn staging areas. We characterized movements and habitat use by Brant during post-molt (the period immediately following the recovery of flight) by (1) marking individual Brant with GPS (global positioning system) transmitters, and (2) conducting a series of replicate aerial surveys. Individuals molting in inland habitats promptly abandoned their molt wetland during the post-molt and moved into coastal habitats. Consequently, inland habitats were nearly deserted by early August when Brant had regained flight, a decrease of >5,000 individuals from the flightless period of early July. Conversely, coastal molting Brant largely remained in coastal habitats during the post-molt and many coastal wetlands were occupied by large flocks (>1,000 birds). Our results indicate that inland, freshwater wetlands were less suitable post-molt habitats for Brant, while coastal wetlands were preferred as they transitioned from flightless molt. The immediacy with which Brant vacated inland habitats upon regaining flight suggests that food may be limiting during molt and they are not selecting inland molt sites strictly for food resources, but rather a balance of factors including predator avoidance and acquisition of protein for feather growth. Our data clearly demonstrate that patterns of habitat use by Brant in the TLSA change over the course of the molt season, an important consideration for management of future resource development activities in this area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1676/09-114.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Flint, P.L., Schmutz, J.A., and Derksen, D.V., 2010, Temporal and spatial shifts in habitat use by Black Brant immediately following flightless molt: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 122, no. 3, p. 484-493, https://doi.org/10.1676/09-114.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/09-114.1"},{"id":245262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Teshekpuk Lake Special Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.6368,70.4992 ], [ -153.6368,70.9987 ], [ -151.8416,70.9987 ], [ -151.8416,70.4992 ], [ -153.6368,70.4992 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"122","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f2e4b08c986b3206bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler L.","contributorId":22904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler L.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037382,"text":"70037382 - 2010 - In situ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals by SIMS: Precision and accuracy, with application to thermometry of ~3.5Ga Pilbara cherts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T08:39:46","indexId":"70037382","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals by SIMS: Precision and accuracy, with application to thermometry of ~3.5Ga Pilbara cherts","docAbstract":"Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurement of sulfur isotope ratios is a potentially powerful technique for in situ studies in many areas of Earth and planetary science. Tests were performed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of sulfur isotope analysis by SIMS in a set of seven well-characterized, isotopically homogeneous natural sulfide standards. The spot-to-spot and grain-to-grain precision for δ34S is ± 0.3‰ for chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, and ± 0.2‰ for pyrite (2SD) using a 1.6 nA primary beam that was focused to 10 µm diameter with a Gaussian-beam density distribution. Likewise, multiple δ34S measurements within single grains of sphalerite are within ± 0.3‰. However, between individual sphalerite grains, δ34S varies by up to 3.4‰ and the grain-to-grain precision is poor (± 1.7‰, n = 20). Measured values of δ34S correspond with analysis pit microstructures, ranging from smooth surfaces for grains with high δ34S values, to pronounced ripples and terraces in analysis pits from grains featuring low δ34S values. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) shows that individual sphalerite grains are single crystals, whereas crystal orientation varies from grain-to-grain. The 3.4‰ variation in measured δ34S between individual grains of sphalerite is attributed to changes in instrumental bias caused by different crystal orientations with respect to the incident primary Cs+ beam. High δ34S values in sphalerite correlate to when the Cs+ beam is parallel to the set of directions < uuw>, from [111] to [110], which are preferred directions for channeling and focusing in diamond-centered cubic crystals. Crystal orientation effects on instrumental bias were further detected in galena. However, as a result of the perfect cleavage along {100} crushed chips of galena are typically cube-shaped and likely to be preferentially oriented, thus crystal orientation effects on instrumental bias may be obscured. Test were made to improve the analytical precision of δ34S in sphalerite, and the best results were achieved by either reducing the depth of the analysis pits using a Köhler illuminated primary beam, or by lowering the total impact energy from 20 keV to 13 keV. The resulting grain-to-grain precision in δ34S improves from ± 1.7‰ to better than 0.6‰ (2SD) in both procedures. With careful use of appropriate analytical conditions, the accuracy of SIMS analysis for δ34S approaches ± 0.3‰ (2SD) for chalcopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite and ± 0.6‰ for sphalerite. Measurements of δ34S in sub-20 µm grains of pyrite and sphalerite in ∼ 3.5 Ga cherts from the Pilbara craton, Western Australia show that this analytical technique is suitable for in situ sulfur isotope thermometry with ± 50 °C accuracy in appropriate samples, however, sulfides are not isotopically equilibrated in analyzed samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.015","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kozdon, R., Kita, N., Huberty, J., Fournelle, J., Johnson, C.A., and Valley, J., 2010, In situ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals by SIMS: Precision and accuracy, with application to thermometry of ~3.5Ga Pilbara cherts: Chemical Geology, v. 275, no. 3-4, p. 243-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"253","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.015"},{"id":245263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"275","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39afe4b0c8380cd619e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozdon, R.","contributorId":22164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozdon","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kita, N.T.","contributorId":53202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kita","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huberty, J.M.","contributorId":26910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huberty","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fournelle, J.H.","contributorId":90074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournelle","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valley, J.W.","contributorId":28741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037383,"text":"70037383 - 2010 - Metrics of ecosystem status for large aquatic systems: a global comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T13:55:19","indexId":"70037383","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metrics of ecosystem status for large aquatic systems: a global comparison","docAbstract":"We identified an objective set of 25 commonly available ecosystem metrics applicable across the world's large continental freshwater and brackish aquatic ecosystem. These metrics measure trophic structure, exploited species, habitat alteration, and catchment changes. We used long-term trends in these metrics as indicators of perturbations that represent an ecosystem not in homeostasis. We defined a healthy ecosystem as being in a homeostatic state; therefore, ecosystems with many changing trends were defined as more disturbed than ecosystems with fewer changing trends. Healthy ecosystems (lakes Baikal, Superior, and Tanganyika) were large, deep lakes in relatively unpopulated areas with no signs of eutrophication and no changes to their trophic structure. Disturbed ecosystems (lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Victoria) had shallow to moderately deep basins with high watershed population pressure and intense agricultural and residential land use. Transitioning systems had widely varying trends and faced increasing anthropogenic pressures. Standardized methodologies for capturing data could improve our understanding of the current state of these ecosystems and allow for comparisons of the response of large aquatic ecosystems to local and global stressors thereby providing more reliable insights into future changes in ecosystem health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.11.003","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Dobiesz, N., Hecky, R., Johnson, T., Sarvala, J., Dettmers, J., Lehtiniemi, M., Rudstam, L.G., Madenjian, C., and Witte, F., 2010, Metrics of ecosystem status for large aquatic systems: a global comparison: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 123-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.11.003.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217349,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.11.003"},{"id":245293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5623e4b0c8380cd6d38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dobiesz, N.E.","contributorId":95723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobiesz","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hecky, R.E.","contributorId":94528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecky","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, T.B.","contributorId":21490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarvala, J.","contributorId":37179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarvala","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettmers, J.M.","contributorId":39724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lehtiniemi, M.","contributorId":33148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehtiniemi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudstam, L. G.","contributorId":24720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Witte, F.","contributorId":102717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70037576,"text":"70037576 - 2010 - Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:11:07.466551","indexId":"70037576","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective","docAbstract":"We present an empirical estimate of maximum slip in continental normal-faulting earthquakes and present evidence that stress drop in intraplate extensional environments is dependent on fault maturity. A survey of reported slip in historical earthquakes globally and in latest Quaternary paleoearthquakes in the Western Cordillera of the United States indicates maximum vertical displacements as large as 6–6.5 m. A difference in the ratio of maximum-to-mean displacements between data sets of prehistoric and historical earthquakes, together with constraints on bias in estimates of mean paleodisplacement, suggest that applying a correction factor of 1.4±0.3 to the largest observed displacement along a paleorupture may provide a reasonable estimate of the maximum displacement. Adjusting the largest paleodisplacements in our regional data set (∼6 m) by a factor of 1.4 yields a possible upper-bound vertical displacement for the Western Cordillera of about 8.4 m, although a smaller correction factor may be more appropriate for the longest ruptures. Because maximum slip is highly localized along strike, if such large displacements occur, they are extremely rare.
Static stress drop in surface-rupturing earthquakes in the Western Cordillera, as represented by maximum reported displacement as a fraction of modeled rupture length, appears to be larger on normal faults with low cumulative geologic displacement (<2 km) and larger in regions such as the Rocky Mountains, where immature, low-throw faults are concentrated. This conclusion is consistent with a growing recognition that structural development influences stress drop and indicates that this influence is significant enough to be evident among faults within a single intraplate environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120090356","usgsCitation":"Hecker, S., Dawson, T.E., and Schwartz, D.P., 2010, Normal-faulting slip maxima and stress-drop variability: A geological perspective: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 100, no. 6, p. 3130-3147, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090356.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3130","endPage":"3147","ipdsId":"IP-011112","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67c3e4b0c8380cd7349b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hecker, Suzanne 0000-0002-5054-372X shecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-372X","contributorId":3553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecker","given":"Suzanne","email":"shecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, T. E.","contributorId":84537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037577,"text":"70037577 - 2010 - Automated feature extraction and spatial organization of seafloor pockmarks, Belfast Bay, Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T10:56:24","indexId":"70037577","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated feature extraction and spatial organization of seafloor pockmarks, Belfast Bay, Maine, USA","docAbstract":"Seafloor pockmarks occur worldwide and may represent millions of m3 of continental shelf erosion, but few numerical analyses of their morphology and spatial distribution of pockmarks exist. We introduce a quantitative definition of pockmark morphology and, based on this definition, propose a three-step geomorphometric method to identify and extract pockmarks from high-resolution swath bathymetry. We apply this GIS-implemented approach to 25 km2 of bathymetry collected in the Belfast Bay, Maine USA pockmark field. Our model extracted 1767 pockmarks and found a linear pockmark depth-to-diameter ratio for pockmarks field-wide. Mean pockmark depth is 7.6 m and mean diameter is 84.8 m. Pockmark distribution is non-random, and nearly half of the field's pockmarks occur in chains. The most prominent chains are oriented semi-normal to the steepest gradient in Holocene sediment thickness. A descriptive model yields field-wide spatial statistics indicating that pockmarks are distributed in non-random clusters. Results enable quantitative comparison of pockmarks in fields worldwide as well as similar concave features, such as impact craters, dolines, or salt pools.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.009","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Andrews, B., Brothers, L.L., and Barnhardt, W., 2010, Automated feature extraction and spatial organization of seafloor pockmarks, Belfast Bay, Maine, USA: Geomorphology, v. 124, no. 1-2, p. 55-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.009.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-019314","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475860,"rank":10001,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4169","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438840,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90QQCOR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"High-resolution marine geophysical data collected by the USGS in the Belfast Bay, Maine pockmark field in 2006, 2008, and 2009."},{"id":246056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218076,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.009"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef4e4b0c8380cd4a071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. bandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":138513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Laura L. lbrothers@usgs.gov","contributorId":131142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Laura","email":"lbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A. wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","contributorId":2474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","email":"wbarnhardt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037578,"text":"70037578 - 2010 - Perspectives on animal welfare legislation and study considerations for field-oriented studies of raptors in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70037578","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives on animal welfare legislation and study considerations for field-oriented studies of raptors in the United States","docAbstract":"Concern for the welfare of animals used in research and teaching has increased over the last 50 yr. Animal welfare legislation has resulted in guidelines for the use of animals in research, but the guidelines can be problematic because they focus on animals used in laboratory and agriculture research. Raptor biologists can be constrained by guidelines, restrictions, and oversight that were not intended for field research methods or wild animals in the wild or captivity. Field researchers can be further hampered by not understanding animal welfare legislation, who is subject to oversight, or that oversight is often provided by a committee consisting primarily of scientists who work with laboratory animals. Raptor researchers in particular may experience difficulty obtaining approval due to use of various species-specific trapping and handling methods. We provide a brief review of animal welfare legislation and describe the basic components and responsibilities of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) in the United States. We identify topics in raptor research that are especially problematic to obtaining IACUC approval, and we provide insight on how to address these issues. Finally, we suggest that all raptor researchers, regardless of legal requirements, abide by the spirit of the animal welfare principles. Failure to do so may bring about further regulatory and permitting restrictions. ?? 2010 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3356/JRR-09-80.1","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., Wallace, M., and Strobel, B., 2010, Perspectives on animal welfare legislation and study considerations for field-oriented studies of raptors in the United States: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 44, no. 4, p. 268-276, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-09-80.1.","startPage":"268","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475872,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-09-80.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3356/JRR-09-80.1"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7702e4b0c8380cd783e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, C. W.","contributorId":102614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, M.C.","contributorId":59162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strobel, B.","contributorId":38399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strobel","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037353,"text":"70037353 - 2010 - Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the origin of polar bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:16:31","indexId":"70037353","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the origin of polar bear","docAbstract":"The polar bear has become the flagship species in the climate-change discussion. However, little is known about how past climate impacted its evolution and persistence, given an extremely poor fossil record. Although it is undisputed from analyses of mitochondrial (mt) DNA that polar bears constitute a lineage within the genetic diversity of brown bears, timing estimates of their divergence have differed considerably. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we have generated a complete, high-quality mt genome from a stratigraphically validated 130,000- to 110,000-year-old polar bear jawbone. In addition, six mt genomes were generated of extant polar bears from Alaska and brown bears from the Admiralty and Baranof islands of the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska and Kodiak Island. We show that the phylogenetic position of the ancient polar bear lies almost directly at the branching point between polar bears and brown bears, elucidating a unique morphologically and molecularly documented fossil link between living mammal species. Molecular dating and stable isotope analyses also show that by very early in their evolutionary history, polar bears were already inhabitants of the Artic sea ice and had adapted very rapidly to their current and unique ecology at the top of the Arctic marine food chain. As such, polar bears provide an excellent example of evolutionary opportunism within a widespread mammalian lineage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PNAS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Baltimore, MD","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0914266107","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Lindqvist, C., Schuster, S.C., Sun, Y., Talbot, S.L., Qi, J., Ratan, A., Tomsho, L.P., Kasson, L., Zeyl, E., Aars, J., Miller, W., Ingolfsson, O., Bachmann, L., and Wiig, Ø., 2010, Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the origin of polar bear: PNAS, v. 107, no. 11, p. 5053-5057, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914266107.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5053","endPage":"5057","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475866,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access 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