{"pageNumber":"1937","pageRowStart":"48400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70189205,"text":"70189205 - 2010 - Comment on “Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction” by John Doherty and Randall J. Hunt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T16:10:38","indexId":"70189205","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction” by John Doherty and Randall J. Hunt","docAbstract":"<p>Doherty and Hunt (2009)<span><span>&nbsp;</span>present important ideas for first-order-second moment sensitivity analysis, but five issues are discussed in this comment. First, considering the composite-scaled sensitivity (CSS) jointly with parameter correlation coefficients (PCC) in a CSS/PCC analysis addresses the difficulties with CSS mentioned in the introduction. Second, their new parameter identifiability statistic actually is likely to do a poor job of parameter identifiability in common situations. The statistic instead performs the very useful role of showing how model parameters are included in the estimated singular value decomposition (SVD) parameters. Its close relation to CSS is shown. Third, the idea from p. 125 that a suitable truncation point for SVD parameters can be identified using the prediction variance is challenged using results from<span>&nbsp;</span></span>Moore and Doherty (2005)<span>. Fourth, the relative error reduction statistic of Doherty and Hunt is shown to belong to an emerging set of statistics here named perturbed calculated variance statistics. Finally, the perturbed calculated variance statistics OPR and PPR mentioned on p. 121 are shown to explicitly include the parameter null-space component of uncertainty. Indeed, OPR and PPR results that account for null-space uncertainty have appeared in the literature since 2000.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.011","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 2010, Comment on “Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction” by John Doherty and Randall J. Hunt: Journal of Hydrology, v. 380, no. 3-4, p. 481-488, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"488","ipdsId":"IP-013335","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"380","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595dfab9e4b0d1f9f056a7bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037377,"text":"70037377 - 2010 - Reduced body size and cub recruitment in polar bears associated with sea ice decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:21:19","indexId":"70037377","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduced body size and cub recruitment in polar bears associated with sea ice decline","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rates of reproduction and survival are dependent upon adequate body size and condition of individuals. Declines in size and condition have provided early indicators of population decline in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) near the southern extreme of their range. We tested whether patterns in body size, condition, and cub recruitment of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea of Alaska were related to the availability of preferred sea ice habitats and whether these measures and habitat availability exhibited trends over time, between 1982 and 2006. The mean skull size and body length of all polar bears over three years of age declined over time, corresponding with long‐term declines in the spatial and temporal availability of sea ice habitat. Body size of young, growing bears declined over time and was smaller after years when sea ice availability was reduced. Reduced litter mass and numbers of yearlings per female following years with lower availability of optimal sea ice habitat, suggest reduced reproductive output and juvenile survival. These results, based on analysis of a long‐term data set, suggest that declining sea ice is associated with nutritional limitations that reduced body size and reproduction in this population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/08-1036.1","usgsCitation":"Rode, K.D., Amstrup, S.C., and Regehr, E.V., 2010, Reduced body size and cub recruitment in polar bears associated with sea ice decline: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 3, p. 768-782, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1036.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"782","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3c5e4b0e8fec6cdb97c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037381,"text":"70037381 - 2010 - Temporal and spatial shifts in habitat use by Black Brant immediately following flightless molt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T13:40:14","indexId":"70037381","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial shifts in habitat use by Black Brant immediately following flightless molt","docAbstract":"Each year thousands of Pacific Black Brant (<i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>) undergo flightless wing molt in the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), Alaska, in two distinct habitats: inland, freshwater lakes and coastal, brackish wetlands. Brant lose body mass during wing molt and likely must add reserves upon regaining flight to help fuel their 2,500 km migration to autumn staging areas. We characterized movements and habitat use by Brant during post-molt (the period immediately following the recovery of flight) by (1) marking individual Brant with GPS (global positioning system) transmitters, and (2) conducting a series of replicate aerial surveys. Individuals molting in inland habitats promptly abandoned their molt wetland during the post-molt and moved into coastal habitats. Consequently, inland habitats were nearly deserted by early August when Brant had regained flight, a decrease of >5,000 individuals from the flightless period of early July. Conversely, coastal molting Brant largely remained in coastal habitats during the post-molt and many coastal wetlands were occupied by large flocks (>1,000 birds). Our results indicate that inland, freshwater wetlands were less suitable post-molt habitats for Brant, while coastal wetlands were preferred as they transitioned from flightless molt. The immediacy with which Brant vacated inland habitats upon regaining flight suggests that food may be limiting during molt and they are not selecting inland molt sites strictly for food resources, but rather a balance of factors including predator avoidance and acquisition of protein for feather growth. Our data clearly demonstrate that patterns of habitat use by Brant in the TLSA change over the course of the molt season, an important consideration for management of future resource development activities in this area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1676/09-114.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Flint, P.L., Schmutz, J.A., and Derksen, D.V., 2010, Temporal and spatial shifts in habitat use by Black Brant immediately following flightless molt: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 122, no. 3, p. 484-493, https://doi.org/10.1676/09-114.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/09-114.1"},{"id":245262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Teshekpuk Lake Special Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.6368,70.4992 ], [ -153.6368,70.9987 ], [ -151.8416,70.9987 ], [ -151.8416,70.4992 ], [ -153.6368,70.4992 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"122","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f2e4b08c986b3206bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler L.","contributorId":22904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler L.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037382,"text":"70037382 - 2010 - In situ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals by SIMS: Precision and accuracy, with application to thermometry of ~3.5Ga Pilbara cherts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T08:39:46","indexId":"70037382","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals by SIMS: Precision and accuracy, with application to thermometry of ~3.5Ga Pilbara cherts","docAbstract":"Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurement of sulfur isotope ratios is a potentially powerful technique for in situ studies in many areas of Earth and planetary science. Tests were performed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of sulfur isotope analysis by SIMS in a set of seven well-characterized, isotopically homogeneous natural sulfide standards. The spot-to-spot and grain-to-grain precision for δ34S is ± 0.3‰ for chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, and ± 0.2‰ for pyrite (2SD) using a 1.6 nA primary beam that was focused to 10 µm diameter with a Gaussian-beam density distribution. Likewise, multiple δ34S measurements within single grains of sphalerite are within ± 0.3‰. However, between individual sphalerite grains, δ34S varies by up to 3.4‰ and the grain-to-grain precision is poor (± 1.7‰, n = 20). Measured values of δ34S correspond with analysis pit microstructures, ranging from smooth surfaces for grains with high δ34S values, to pronounced ripples and terraces in analysis pits from grains featuring low δ34S values. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) shows that individual sphalerite grains are single crystals, whereas crystal orientation varies from grain-to-grain. The 3.4‰ variation in measured δ34S between individual grains of sphalerite is attributed to changes in instrumental bias caused by different crystal orientations with respect to the incident primary Cs+ beam. High δ34S values in sphalerite correlate to when the Cs+ beam is parallel to the set of directions < uuw>, from [111] to [110], which are preferred directions for channeling and focusing in diamond-centered cubic crystals. Crystal orientation effects on instrumental bias were further detected in galena. However, as a result of the perfect cleavage along {100} crushed chips of galena are typically cube-shaped and likely to be preferentially oriented, thus crystal orientation effects on instrumental bias may be obscured. Test were made to improve the analytical precision of δ34S in sphalerite, and the best results were achieved by either reducing the depth of the analysis pits using a Köhler illuminated primary beam, or by lowering the total impact energy from 20 keV to 13 keV. The resulting grain-to-grain precision in δ34S improves from ± 1.7‰ to better than 0.6‰ (2SD) in both procedures. With careful use of appropriate analytical conditions, the accuracy of SIMS analysis for δ34S approaches ± 0.3‰ (2SD) for chalcopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite and ± 0.6‰ for sphalerite. Measurements of δ34S in sub-20 µm grains of pyrite and sphalerite in ∼ 3.5 Ga cherts from the Pilbara craton, Western Australia show that this analytical technique is suitable for in situ sulfur isotope thermometry with ± 50 °C accuracy in appropriate samples, however, sulfides are not isotopically equilibrated in analyzed samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.015","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kozdon, R., Kita, N., Huberty, J., Fournelle, J., Johnson, C.A., and Valley, J., 2010, In situ sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals by SIMS: Precision and accuracy, with application to thermometry of ~3.5Ga Pilbara cherts: Chemical Geology, v. 275, no. 3-4, p. 243-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"253","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.015"},{"id":245263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"275","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39afe4b0c8380cd619e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozdon, R.","contributorId":22164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozdon","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kita, N.T.","contributorId":53202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kita","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huberty, J.M.","contributorId":26910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huberty","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fournelle, J.H.","contributorId":90074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournelle","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valley, J.W.","contributorId":28741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037515,"text":"70037515 - 2010 - Zircon reveals protracted magma storage and recycling beneath Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70037515","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zircon reveals protracted magma storage and recycling beneath Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"Current data and models for Mount St. Helens volcano (Washington, United States) suggest relatively rapid transport from magma genesis to eruption, with no evidence for protracted storage or recycling of magmas. However, we show here that complex zircon age populations extending back hundreds of thousands of years from eruption age indicate that magmas regularly stall in the crust, cool and crystallize beneath the volcano, and are then rejuvenated and incorporated by hotter, young magmas on their way to the surface. Estimated dissolution times suggest that entrained zircon generally resided in rejuvenating magmas for no more than about a century. Zircon elemental compositions reflect the increasing influence of mafic input into the system through time, recording growth from hotter, less evolved magmas tens of thousands of years prior to the appearance of mafic magmas at the surface, or changes in whole-rock geochemistry and petrology, and providing a new, time-correlated record of this evolution independent of the eruption history. Zircon data thus reveal the history of the hidden, long-lived intrusive portion of the Mount St. Helens system, where melt and crystals are stored for as long as hundreds of thousands of years and interact with fresh influxes of magmas that traverse the intrusive reservoir before erupting. ?? 2010 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G31285.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Claiborne, L., Miller, C.F., Flanagan, D., Clynne, M., and Wooden, J.L., 2010, Zircon reveals protracted magma storage and recycling beneath Mount St. Helens: Geology, v. 38, no. 11, p. 1011-1014, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31285.1.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1014","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G31285.1"},{"id":246093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd28fe4b08c986b32f8ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claiborne, L.L.","contributorId":45543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claiborne","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, C. F.","contributorId":89971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flanagan, D.M.","contributorId":66521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037383,"text":"70037383 - 2010 - Metrics of ecosystem status for large aquatic systems: a global comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T13:55:19","indexId":"70037383","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metrics of ecosystem status for large aquatic systems: a global comparison","docAbstract":"We identified an objective set of 25 commonly available ecosystem metrics applicable across the world's large continental freshwater and brackish aquatic ecosystem. These metrics measure trophic structure, exploited species, habitat alteration, and catchment changes. We used long-term trends in these metrics as indicators of perturbations that represent an ecosystem not in homeostasis. We defined a healthy ecosystem as being in a homeostatic state; therefore, ecosystems with many changing trends were defined as more disturbed than ecosystems with fewer changing trends. Healthy ecosystems (lakes Baikal, Superior, and Tanganyika) were large, deep lakes in relatively unpopulated areas with no signs of eutrophication and no changes to their trophic structure. Disturbed ecosystems (lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Victoria) had shallow to moderately deep basins with high watershed population pressure and intense agricultural and residential land use. Transitioning systems had widely varying trends and faced increasing anthropogenic pressures. Standardized methodologies for capturing data could improve our understanding of the current state of these ecosystems and allow for comparisons of the response of large aquatic ecosystems to local and global stressors thereby providing more reliable insights into future changes in ecosystem health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.11.003","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Dobiesz, N., Hecky, R., Johnson, T., Sarvala, J., Dettmers, J., Lehtiniemi, M., Rudstam, L.G., Madenjian, C., and Witte, F., 2010, Metrics of ecosystem status for large aquatic systems: a global comparison: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 123-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.11.003.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217349,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.11.003"},{"id":245293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5623e4b0c8380cd6d38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dobiesz, N.E.","contributorId":95723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobiesz","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hecky, R.E.","contributorId":94528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecky","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, T.B.","contributorId":21490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarvala, J.","contributorId":37179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarvala","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettmers, J.M.","contributorId":39724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lehtiniemi, M.","contributorId":33148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehtiniemi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudstam, L. G.","contributorId":24720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudstam","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Witte, F.","contributorId":102717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70037516,"text":"70037516 - 2010 - Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep basin gas: Evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70037516","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep basin gas: Evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"During studies of unconventional natural gas reservoirs of Silurian and Ordovician age in the northern Appalachian basin we observed complete reversal of the normal trend of carbon isotopic composition, such that ??13C methane (C1) &gt;??13C ethane (C2) &gt;??13C propane (C3). In addition, we have observed isotopic reversals in the ??2H in the deepest samples. Isotopic reversals cannot be explained by current models of hydrocarbon gas generation. Previous observations of partial isotopic reversals have been explained by mixing between gases from different sources and thermal maturities. We have constructed a model which, in addition to mixing, requires Rayleigh fractionation of C2 and C3 to cause enrichment in 13C and create reversals. In the deepest samples, the normal trend of increasing enrichment of 13C and 2H in methane with increasing depth reverses and 2H becomes depleted as 13C becomes enriched. We propose that the reactions that drive Rayleigh fractionation of C2 and C3 involve redox reactions with transition metals and water at late stages of catagenesis at temperatures on the order of 250-300??C. Published ab initio calculated fractionation factors for C-C bond breaking in ethane at these temperatures are consistent with our observations. The reversed trend in ??2H in methane appears to be caused by isotopic exchange with formation water at the same temperatures. Our interpretation that Rayleigh fractionation during redox reactions is causing isotopic reversals has important implications for natural gas resources in deeply buried sedimentary basins. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.09.008","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Burruss, R., and Laughrey, C., 2010, Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep basin gas: Evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons: Organic Geochemistry, v. 41, no. 12, p. 1285-1296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.09.008.","startPage":"1285","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.09.008"}],"volume":"41","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f35ae4b0c8380cd4b73e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laughrey, C.D.","contributorId":53212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laughrey","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187407,"text":"70187407 - 2010 - Tree-ring dated landslide movements and seismic events in southwestern Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T10:20:04","indexId":"70187407","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tree-ring dated landslide movements and seismic events in southwestern Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Because many tree species can live for several centuries or longer (Brown 1996), tree-ring analysis can be a valuable tool to date geomorphic events such as landslides, earthquakes, and avalanches in regions lacking long historical records. Typically, a catastrophic landslide will destroy all trees on the landslide, but trees on slower moving landslides may survive. For example, the Slumgullion earthflow, in southwestern Colorado, moves 0.5–5.5 m annually, yet is covered by aspen (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Populus tremuloides</i><span>) and conifers (Baum and Fleming 1996). Trees that survive such movements undoubtedly suffer damage, such as topping, tilting, impact, or root breakage. This damage is commonly recorded in the tree-ring record and analysis of this record can be used to reconstruct past landslide activity.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tree rings and natural hazards; Volume 41 of the series Advances in global change research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-8736-2_39","isbn":"978-90-481-8735-5","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., and O’Neill, J.M., 2010, Tree-ring dated landslide movements and seismic events in southwestern Montana, USA, chap. <i>of</i> Tree rings and natural hazards; Volume 41 of the series Advances in global change research, v. 41, p. 421-436, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8736-2_39.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"436","ipdsId":"IP-009836","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099ab2e4b0fc4e44915820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael jmoneill@usgs.gov","contributorId":718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.","email":"jmoneill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037512,"text":"70037512 - 2010 - Influences of acid mine drainage and thermal enrichment on stream fish reproduction and larval survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70037512","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of acid mine drainage and thermal enrichment on stream fish reproduction and larval survival","docAbstract":"Potential effects of acid mine drainage (AMD) and thermal enrichment on the reproduction of fishes were investigated through a larval-trapping survey in the Stony River watershed, Grant County, WV. Trapping was conducted at seven sites from 26 March to 2 July 2004. Overall larval catch was low (379 individuals in 220 hours of trapping). More larval White Suckers were captured than all other species. Vectors fitted to nonparametric multidimensional scaling ordinations suggested that temperature was highly correlated to fish communities captured at our sites. Survival of larval Fathead Minnows was examined in situ at six sites from 13 May to 11 June 2004 in the same system. Larval survival was lower, but not significantly different between sites directly downstream of AMD-impacted tributaries (40% survival) and non-AMD sites (52% survival). The lower survival was caused by a significant mortality event at one site that coincided with acute pH depression in an AMD tributary immediately upstream of the site. Results from a Cox proportional hazard test suggests that low pH is having a significant negative influence on larval fish survival in this system. The results from this research indicate that the combination of low pH events and elevated temperature are negatively influencing the larval fish populations of the Stony River watershed. Management actions that address these problems would have the potential to substantially increase both reproduction rates and larval survival, therefore greatly enhancing the fishery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/045.017.0405","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Hafs, A.W., Horn, C., Mazik, P.M., and Hartman, K., 2010, Influences of acid mine drainage and thermal enrichment on stream fish reproduction and larval survival: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 17, no. 4, p. 575-592, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.017.0405.","startPage":"575","endPage":"592","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218096,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.017.0405"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b9be4b0c8380cd626c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hafs, Andrew W.","contributorId":57308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hafs","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horn, C.D.","contributorId":83773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazik, P. M.","contributorId":14185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartman, K.J.","contributorId":64007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037376,"text":"70037376 - 2010 - Feather lead concentrations and 207Pb/206Pb ratios reveal lead exposure history of California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T09:40:35","indexId":"70037376","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Feather lead concentrations and<sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb ratios reveal lead exposure history of California condors (<i>Gymnogyps californianus</i>)","title":"Feather lead concentrations and 207Pb/206Pb ratios reveal lead exposure history of California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lead poisoning is a primary factor impeding the survival and recovery of the critically endangered California Condor (</span><i>Gymnogyps californianus</i><span>). However, the frequency and magnitude of lead exposure in condors is not well-known in part because most blood lead monitoring occurs biannually, and biannual blood samples capture only ∼10% of a bird’s annual exposure history. We investigated the use of growing feathers from free-flying condors in California to establish a bird’s lead exposure history. We show that lead concentration and stable lead isotopic composition analyses of sequential feather sections and concurrently collected blood samples provided a comprehensive history of lead exposure over the 2−4 month period of feather growth. Feather analyses identified exposure events not evident from blood monitoring efforts, and by fitting an empirically derived timeline to actively growing feathers, we were able to estimate the time frame for specific lead exposure events. Our results demonstrate the utility of using sequentially sampled feathers to reconstruct lead exposure history. Since exposure risk in individuals is one determinant of population health, our findings should increase the understanding of population-level effects from lead poisoning in condors; this information may also be helpful for other avian species potentially impacted by lead poisoning.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es903176w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Finkelstein, M., George, D., Scherbinski, S., Gwiazda, R., Johnson, M., Burnett, J., Brandt, J., Lawrey, S., Pessier, A.P., Clark, M., Wynne, J., Grantham, J., and Smith, D., 2010, Feather lead concentrations and 207Pb/206Pb ratios reveal lead exposure history of California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 7, p. 2639-2647, https://doi.org/10.1021/es903176w.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2639","endPage":"2647","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217262,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es903176w"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"44","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f43e4b0c8380cd53839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelstein, M.E.","contributorId":94885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelstein","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, D.","contributorId":67338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scherbinski, S.","contributorId":37993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherbinski","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gwiazda, R.","contributorId":64920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gwiazda","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, M.","contributorId":85531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burnett, J.","contributorId":31602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brandt, J.","contributorId":41674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lawrey, S.","contributorId":10646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pessier, Allan P.","contributorId":19130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pessier","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, M.R.","contributorId":88135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wynne, Janna","contributorId":139295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynne","given":"Janna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12724,"text":"California Science Center, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Grantham, J.","contributorId":24885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantham","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70037384,"text":"70037384 - 2010 - Impact craters on Titan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037384","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact craters on Titan","docAbstract":"Five certain impact craters and 44 additional nearly certain and probable ones have been identified on the 22% of Titan's surface imaged by Cassini's high-resolution radar through December 2007. The certain craters have morphologies similar to impact craters on rocky planets, as well as two with radar bright, jagged rims. The less certain craters often appear to be eroded versions of the certain ones. Titan's craters are modified by a variety of processes including fluvial erosion, mass wasting, burial by dunes and submergence in seas, but there is no compelling evidence of isostatic adjustments as on other icy moons, nor draping by thick atmospheric deposits. The paucity of craters implies that Titan's surface is quite young, but the modeled age depends on which published crater production rate is assumed. Using the model of Artemieva and Lunine (2005) suggests that craters with diameters smaller than about 35 km are younger than 200 million years old, and larger craters are older. Craters are not distributed uniformly; Xanadu has a crater density 2-9 times greater than the rest of Titan, and the density on equatorial dune areas is much lower than average. There is a small excess of craters on the leading hemisphere, and craters are deficient in the north polar region compared to the rest of the world. The youthful age of Titan overall, and the various erosional states of its likely impact craters, demonstrate that dynamic processes have destroyed most of the early history of the moon, and that multiple processes continue to strongly modify its surface. The existence of 24 possible impact craters with diameters less than 20 km appears consistent with the Ivanov, Basilevsky and Neukum (1997) model of the effectiveness of Titan's atmosphere in destroying most but not all small projectiles. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.021","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Wood, C.A., Lorenz, R., Kirk, R., Lopes, R., Mitchell, K., and Stofan, E., 2010, Impact craters on Titan: Icarus, v. 206, no. 1, p. 334-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.021.","startPage":"334","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217350,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.021"},{"id":245294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"206","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38abe4b0c8380cd61650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, C. A.","contributorId":35057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, R.","contributorId":49503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, R.","contributorId":66829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopes, R.","contributorId":61554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitchell, Ken","contributorId":8211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stofan, E.","contributorId":99268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stofan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037388,"text":"70037388 - 2010 - The quixotic search for a comprehensive understanding of hydrologic response at the surface: Horton, Dunne, Dunton, and the role of concept-development simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037388","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The quixotic search for a comprehensive understanding of hydrologic response at the surface: Horton, Dunne, Dunton, and the role of concept-development simulation","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7834","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Loague, K., Heppner, C., Ebel, B., and VanderKwaak, J., 2010, The quixotic search for a comprehensive understanding of hydrologic response at the surface: Horton, Dunne, Dunton, and the role of concept-development simulation: Hydrological Processes, v. 24, no. 17, p. 2499-2505, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7834.","startPage":"2499","endPage":"2505","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217411,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7834"},{"id":245357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baeede4b08c986b32442c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loague, K.","contributorId":77307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loague","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heppner, C.S.","contributorId":37147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heppner","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebel, B.A.","contributorId":87772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanderKwaak, J.E.","contributorId":103497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKwaak","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037389,"text":"70037389 - 2010 - Spider-mediated flux of PCBs from contaminated sediments to terrestrial ecosystems and potential risks to arachnivorous birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037389","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spider-mediated flux of PCBs from contaminated sediments to terrestrial ecosystems and potential risks to arachnivorous birds","docAbstract":"We investigated aquatic insect utilization and PCB exposure in riparian spiders at the Lake Hartwell Superfund site (Clemson, SC). We sampled sediments, adult chironomids, terrestrial insects, riparian spiders (Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, and Mecynogea lemniscata), and upland spiders (Araneidae) along a sediment contamination gradient. Stable isotopes (?<sup>13</sup>C, ? <sup>15</sup>N) indicated that riparian spiders primarily consumed aquatic insects whereas upland spiders consumed terrestrial insects. PCBs in chironomids (mean 1240 ng/g among sites) were 2 orders of magnitude higher than terrestrial insects (15.2 ng/g), similar to differences between riparian (820?2012 ng/g) and upland spiders (30 ng/g). Riparian spider PCBs were positively correlated with sediment concentrations for all taxa (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.44?0.87). We calculated spider-based wildlife values (WVs, the minimum spider PCB concentrations causing physiologically significant doses in consumers) to assess exposure risks for arachnivorous birds. Spider concentrations exceeded WVs for most birds at heavily contaminated sites and were ?14-fold higher for the most sensitive species (chickadee nestlings, Poecile spp.). Spiders are abundant and ubiquitous in riparian habitats, where they depend on aquatic insect prey. These traits, along with the high degree of spatial correlation between spider and sediment concentrations we observed, suggest that they are model indicator species for monitoring contaminated sediment sites and assessing risks associated with contaminant flux into terrestrial ecosystems. ?? This article not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2009 by the American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es9023139","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Walters, D., Mills, M., Fritz, K., and Raikow, D., 2010, Spider-mediated flux of PCBs from contaminated sediments to terrestrial ecosystems and potential risks to arachnivorous birds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 8, p. 2849-2856, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9023139.","startPage":"2849","endPage":"2856","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9023139"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95c3e4b08c986b31b0eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, D.M.","contributorId":41507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, M.A.","contributorId":77764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritz, K.M.","contributorId":93300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raikow, D.F.","contributorId":98972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raikow","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037522,"text":"70037522 - 2010 - Fault weakening and earthquake instability by powder lubrication","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70037522","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault weakening and earthquake instability by powder lubrication","docAbstract":"Earthquake instability has long been attributed to fault weakening during accelerated slip1, and a central question of earthquake physics is identifying the mechanisms that control this weakening2. Even with much experimental effort2-12, the weakening mechanisms have remained enigmatic. Here we present evidence for dynamic weakening of experimental faults that are sheared at velocities approaching earthquake slip rates. The experimental faults, which were made of room-dry, solid granite blocks, quickly wore to form a fine-grain rock powder known as gouge. At modest slip velocities of 10-60mms-1, this newly formed gouge organized itself into a thin deforming layer that reduced the fault's strength by a factor of 2-3. After slip, the gouge rapidly 'aged' and the fault regained its strength in a matter of hours to days. Therefore, only newly formed gouge can weaken the experimental faults. Dynamic gouge formation is expected to be a common and effective mechanism of earthquake instability in the brittle crust as (1) gouge always forms during fault slip5,10,12-20; (2) fault-gouge behaves similarly to industrial powder lubricants21; (3) dynamic gouge formation explains various significant earthquake properties; and (4) gouge lubricant can form for a wide range of fault configurations, compositions and temperatures15. ?? 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature09348","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Reches, Z., and Lockner, D., 2010, Fault weakening and earthquake instability by powder lubrication: Nature, v. 467, no. 7314, p. 452-455, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09348.","startPage":"452","endPage":"455","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09348"},{"id":245904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"467","issue":"7314","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1de4b0c8380cd53796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reches, Z.","contributorId":104743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reches","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037511,"text":"70037511 - 2010 - Generation and emplacement of fine-grained ejecta in planetary impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70037511","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation and emplacement of fine-grained ejecta in planetary impacts","docAbstract":"We report here on a survey of distal fine-grained ejecta deposits on the Moon, Mars, and Venus. On all three planets, fine-grained ejecta form circular haloes that extend beyond the continuous ejecta and other types of distal deposits such as run-out lobes or ramparts. Using Earth-based radar images, we find that lunar fine-grained ejecta haloes represent meters-thick deposits with abrupt margins, and are depleted in rocks 1cm in diameter. Martian haloes show low nighttime thermal IR temperatures and thermal inertia, indicating the presence of fine particles estimated to range from ???10??m to 10mm. Using the large sample sizes afforded by global datasets for Venus and Mars, and a complete nearside radar map for the Moon, we establish statistically robust scaling relationships between crater radius R and fine-grained ejecta run-out r for all three planets. On the Moon, ???R-0.18 for craters 5-640km in diameter. For Venus, radar-dark haloes are larger than those on the Moon, but scale as ???R-0.49, consistent with ejecta entrainment in Venus' dense atmosphere. On Mars, fine-ejecta haloes are larger than lunar haloes for a given crater size, indicating entrainment of ejecta by the atmosphere or vaporized subsurface volatiles, but scale as R-0.13, similar to the ballistic lunar scaling. Ejecta suspension in vortices generated by passage of the ejecta curtain is predicted to result in ejecta run-out that scales with crater size as R1/2, and the wind speeds so generated may be insufficient to transport particles at the larger end of the calculated range. The observed scaling and morphology of the low-temperature haloes leads us rather to favor winds generated by early-stage vapor plume expansion as the emplacement mechanism for low-temperature halo materials. ?? 2010 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.005","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Ghent, R., Gupta, V., Campbell, B., Ferguson, S., Brown, J., Fergason, R., and Carter, L., 2010, Generation and emplacement of fine-grained ejecta in planetary impacts: Icarus, v. 209, no. 2, p. 818-835, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.005.","startPage":"818","endPage":"835","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218085,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.05.005"},{"id":246066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a154ee4b0c8380cd54d4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ghent, R.R.","contributorId":92899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghent","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gupta, V.","contributorId":10959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gupta","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, B.A.","contributorId":53077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferguson, S.A.","contributorId":91467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, J.C.W.","contributorId":13475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fergason, R.L.","contributorId":13786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fergason","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carter, L.M.","contributorId":72508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037523,"text":"70037523 - 2010 - Longitudinal trends and discontinuities in nutrients, chlorophyll, and suspended solids in the Upper Mississippi River: Implications for transport, processing, and export by large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70037523","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal trends and discontinuities in nutrients, chlorophyll, and suspended solids in the Upper Mississippi River: Implications for transport, processing, and export by large rivers","docAbstract":"Across the distances spanned by large rivers, there are important differences in catchment characteristics, tributary inputs, and river morphology that may cause longitudinal changes in nutrient, chlorophyll, and suspended solids concentrations. We investigated longitudinal and seasonal patterns in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) using long-term data (1994-2005) from five study reaches that spanned 1300 km of the UMR. Lake Pepin, a natural lake in the most upstream study reach, had a clear effect on suspended material in the river. Suspended solids and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were substantially lower downstream of the lake and percent organic material (OM%) in suspension was higher. Below L. Pepin, mean total and organic suspended solids (TSS, OSS) and TP increased downriver and exhibited approximately log-linear relationships with catchment area, whereas OM% declined substantially downriver. Despite the downriver increase in TSS and OSS, concentrations similar to those above L. Pepin do not occur until ~370 km downriver indicating the extent of the influence of L. Pepin on the UMR. Chlorophyll concentrations were lower in the most downstream study reach, likely reflecting the shorter residence time and poor light climate, but there was not a consistent longitudinal decline in chlorophyll across the study reaches. Dissolved silica (DSi), DSi:TN, and DSi:TP declined downriver suggesting that DSi uptake and sedimentation by river phytoplankton may be reducing DSi transport in the river, and indicating that the eutrophication of the river may contribute to a reduction of DSi export to the Gulf of Mexico. ?? 2010 US Government: USGS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-010-0282-z","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Houser, J., Bierman, D., Burdis, R., and Soeken-Gittinger, L.A., 2010, Longitudinal trends and discontinuities in nutrients, chlorophyll, and suspended solids in the Upper Mississippi River: Implications for transport, processing, and export by large rivers: Hydrobiologia, v. 651, no. 1, p. 127-144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0282-z.","startPage":"127","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0282-z"},{"id":245917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"651","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49c4e4b0c8380cd68893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, J.N.","contributorId":91603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bierman, D.W.","contributorId":73855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierman","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burdis, R.M.","contributorId":22181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdis","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soeken-Gittinger, L. A.","contributorId":76976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soeken-Gittinger","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037411,"text":"70037411 - 2010 - Validation of a real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay for the detection of H7 avian influenza virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-30T09:36:19","indexId":"70037411","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of a real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay for the detection of H7 avian influenza virus","docAbstract":"This report describes the validation of an avian influenza virus (AIV) H7 subtype-specific real-time reverse transcriptasePCR (rRT-PCR) assay developed at the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) for the detection of H7 AI in North and South American wild aquatic birds and poultry. The validation was a collaborative effort by the SEPRL and the National Veterinary Services Laboratories. The 2008 H7 rRT-PCR assay detects 10<sup>1</sup> 50% embryo infectious doses per reaction, or 10<sup>3</sup>10<sup>4</sup> copies of transcribed H7 RNA. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were estimated to be 97.5% and 82.4%, respectively; the assay was shown to be specific for H7 AI when tested with &gt;270 wild birds and poultry viruses. Following validation, the 2008 H7 rRT-PCR procedure was adopted as an official U.S. Department of Agriculture procedure for the detection of H7 AIV. The 2008 H7 assay replaced the previously used (2002) assay, which does not detect H7 viruses currently circulating in wild birds in North and South America. ?? 2010 American Association of Avian Pathologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1637/8911-043009-Reg.1","issn":"00052086","usgsCitation":"Pedersen, J., Killian, M., Hines, N., Senne, D., Panigrahy, B., Ip, H., and Spackman, E., 2010, Validation of a real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay for the detection of H7 avian influenza virus: Avian Diseases, v. 54, no. S1, p. 639-643, https://doi.org/10.1637/8911-043009-Reg.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"643","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1637/8911-043009-Reg.1"}],"volume":"54","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0fde4b08c986b32a3ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pedersen, J.","contributorId":61269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Killian, M.L.","contributorId":45116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killian","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, N.","contributorId":84598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Senne, D.","contributorId":61270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senne","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Panigrahy, B.","contributorId":104739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panigrahy","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spackman, Erica","contributorId":82126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spackman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037413,"text":"70037413 - 2010 - Postglacial vegetation history of Mitkof Island, Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T09:36:45","indexId":"70037413","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postglacial vegetation history of Mitkof Island, Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>An AMS radiocarbon-dated pollen record from a peat deposit on Mitkof Island, southeastern Alaska provides a vegetation history spanning ∼12,900 cal yr BP to the present. Late Wisconsin glaciers covered the entire island; deglaciation occurred &gt; 15,400 cal yr BP. The earliest known vegetation to develop on the island (∼12,900 cal yr BP) was pine woodland (</span><span class=\"italic\">Pinus contorta</span><span>) with alder (</span><span class=\"italic\">Alnus</span><span>), sedges (Cyperaceae) and ferns (Polypodiaceae type). By ∼12,240 cal yr BP, Sitka spruce (</span><span class=\"italic\">Picea sitchensis</span><span>) began to colonize the island while pine woodland declined. By ∼11,200 cal yr BP, mountain hemlock (</span><span class=\"italic\">Tsuga mertensiana</span><span>) began to spread across the island. Sitka spruce-mountain hemlock forests dominated the lowland landscapes of the island until ∼10,180 cal yr BP, when western hemlock (</span><span class=\"italic\">Tsuga heterophylla</span><span>) began to colonize, and soon became the dominant tree species. Rising percentages of pine, sedge, and sphagnum after ∼7100 cal yr BP may reflect an expansion of peat bog habitats as regional climate began to shift to cooler, wetter conditions. A decline in alders at that time suggests that coastal forests had spread into the island's uplands, replacing large areas of alder thickets. Cedars (</span><span class=\"italic\">Chamaecyparis nootkatensis</span><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"italic\">Thuja plicata</span><span>) appeared on Mitkof Island during the late Holocene.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.005","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Ager, T.A., Carrara, P., Smith, J.L., Anne, V., and Johnson, J., 2010, Postglacial vegetation history of Mitkof Island, Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 73, no. 2, p. 259-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"268","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217208,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.005"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e8ee4b0c8380cd7a5ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrara, P. E.","contributorId":33727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Jane L.","contributorId":201413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anne, V.","contributorId":90138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anne","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, J.","contributorId":31719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037351,"text":"70037351 - 2010 - Centuries of marine radiocarbon reservoir age variation within archaeological Mesodesma Donacium shells from Southern Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T12:20:00","indexId":"70037351","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3225,"text":"Radiocarbon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Centuries of marine radiocarbon reservoir age variation within archaeological Mesodesma Donacium shells from Southern Peru","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mollusk shells provide brief (&lt;5 yr per shell) records of past marine conditions, including marine radiocarbon reservoir age (</span><i><span class=\"italic\">R</span></i><span>) and upwelling. We report 21&nbsp;</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">14</span></sup><span>C ages and&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"italic\">R</span></i><span>&nbsp;calculations on small (∼2 mg) samples from 2&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"italic\">Mesodesma donacium</span></i><span>&nbsp;(surf clam) shells. These shells were excavated from a semi-subterranean house floor stratum&nbsp;</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">14</span></sup><span>C dated to 7625±35 BP at site QJ-280, Quebrada Jaguay, southern Peru. The ranges in marine&nbsp;</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">14</span></sup><span>C ages (and thus&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"italic\">R</span></i><span>) from the 2 shells are 530 and 170&nbsp;</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">14</span></sup><span>C yr;&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"italic\">R</span></i><span>&nbsp;from individual aragonite samples spans 130±60 to 730±170&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">1<sup>4</sup></span><span>C yr. This intrashell&nbsp;</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">14</span></sup><span>C variability suggests that&nbsp;</span><sup><span class=\"sup\">14</span></sup><span>C dating of small (time-slice much less than 1 yr) marine samples from a variable-</span><i><span class=\"italic\">R</span></i><span>&nbsp;(i.e. variable-upwelling) environment may introduce centuries of chronometric uncertainty.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona ","doi":"10.1017/S0033822200046282","issn":"00338222","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.B., Hodgins, G.W., Etayo-Cadavid, M.F., Andrus, C.F., and Sandweiss, D., 2010, Centuries of marine radiocarbon reservoir age variation within archaeological Mesodesma Donacium shells from Southern Peru: Radiocarbon, v. 52, no. 3, p. 1207-1214, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200046282.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1207","endPage":"1214","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3f5e4b0c8380cd4ba52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Kevin B. 0000-0002-6386-2623 kevinjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-2623","contributorId":565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kevin","email":"kevinjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgins, Gregory W. L.","contributorId":67787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgins","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Etayo-Cadavid, Miguel F.","contributorId":16296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etayo-Cadavid","given":"Miguel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrus, C. Fred T.","contributorId":80568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrus","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Fred T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandweiss, Daniel H.","contributorId":6356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandweiss","given":"Daniel H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037349,"text":"70037349 - 2010 - Sikuliqiruq: Ice dynamics of the Meade river - Arctic Alaska, from freezeup to breakup from time-series ground imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:00:54","indexId":"70037349","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3094,"text":"Polar Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sikuliqiruq: Ice dynamics of the Meade river - Arctic Alaska, from freezeup to breakup from time-series ground imagery","docAbstract":"Ice formation and breakup on Arctic rivers strongly influence river flow, sedimentation, river ecology, winter travel, and subsistence fishing and hunting by Alaskan Natives. We use time-series ground imagery ofthe Meade River to examine the process at high temporal and spatial resolution. Freezeup from complete liquid cover to complete ice cover ofthe Meade River at Atqasuk, Alaska in the fall of 2008 occurred in less than three days between 28 September and 2 October 2008. Breakup in 2009 occurred in less than two hours between 23:47 UTC on 23 May 2009 and 01:27 UTC on 24 May 2009. All times in UTC. Breakup in 2009 and 2010 was ofthe thermal style in contrast to the mechanical style observed in 1966 and is consistent with a warming Arctic. ?? 2010 Taylor & Francis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Geography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/1088937X.2010.545753","issn":"1088937X","usgsCitation":"Beck, R., Rettig, A., Ivenso, C., Eisner, W.R., Hinkel, K.M., Jones, B.M., Arp, C., Grosse, G., and Whiteman, D., 2010, Sikuliqiruq: Ice dynamics of the Meade river - Arctic Alaska, from freezeup to breakup from time-series ground imagery: Polar Geography, v. 33, no. 3-4, p. 115-137, https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2010.545753.","startPage":"115","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2010.545753"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f2ee4b08c986b318d8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, R.A.","contributorId":44246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rettig, A.J.","contributorId":103901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettig","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivenso, C.","contributorId":21382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivenso","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eisner, Wendy R.","contributorId":35497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":15405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Whiteman, D.","contributorId":23790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70037417,"text":"70037417 - 2010 - NASA's explorer school and spaceward bound programs: Insights into two education programs designed to heighten public support for space science initiatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T10:26:46","indexId":"70037417","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":626,"text":"Acta Astronautica","printIssn":"0094-5765","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NASA's explorer school and spaceward bound programs: Insights into two education programs designed to heighten public support for space science initiatives","docAbstract":"<div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p><strong><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></strong></p><p><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p>NASA has played an influential role in bringing the enthusiasm of space science to schools across the United States since the 1980s. The evolution of this public outreach has led to a variety of NASA funded education programs designed to promote student interest in science, technology, engineering, math, and geography (STEM-G) careers.</p><p><strong>Purpose</strong></p><p>This paper investigates the educational outreach initiatives, structure, and impact of two of NASA's largest educational programs: the NASA Explorer School (NES) and NASA Spaceward Bound programs.</p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>Since its induction in 2003 the NES program has networked and provided resources to over 300 schools across the United States. Future directions include further development of mentor schools for each new NES school selected, while also developing a longitudinal student tracking system for NES students to monitor their future involvement in STEM-G careers. The Spaceward Bound program, now in its third year of teacher outreach, is looking to further expand its teacher network and scientific collaboration efforts, while building on its teacher mentorship framework.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.09.019","usgsCitation":"Allner, M., McKay, C.P., Coe, L., Rask, J., Paradise, J., and Wynne, J.J., 2010, NASA's explorer school and spaceward bound programs: Insights into two education programs designed to heighten public support for space science initiatives: Acta Astronautica, v. 66, no. 7-8, p. 1280-1284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.09.019.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1280","endPage":"1284","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6132e4b0c8380cd7182e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allner, Matthew","contributorId":85003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allner","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17628,"text":"University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, Christopher P","contributorId":191268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKay","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coe, Liza","contributorId":179190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coe","given":"Liza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rask, Jon","contributorId":95719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rask","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paradise, Jim","contributorId":24591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paradise","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36579,"text":"Lockheed Martin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wynne, J. Judson","contributorId":73710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynne","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Judson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037347,"text":"70037347 - 2010 - Sediment transport on the Palos Verdes shelf, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037347","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment transport on the Palos Verdes shelf, California","docAbstract":"Sediment transport and the potential for erosion or deposition have been investigated on the Palos Verdes (PV) and San Pedro shelves in southern California to help assess the fate of an effluent-affected deposit contaminated with DDT and PCBs. Bottom boundary layer measurements at two 60-m sites in spring 2004 were used to set model parameters and evaluate a one-dimensional (vertical) model of local, steady-state resuspension, and suspended-sediment transport. The model demonstrated skill (Brier scores up to 0.75) reproducing the magnitudes of bottom shear stress, current speeds, and suspended-sediment concentrations measured during an April transport event, but the model tended to underpredict observed rotation in the bottom-boundary layer, possibly because the model did not account for the effects of temperature-salinity stratification. The model was run with wave input estimated from a nearby buoy and current input from four to six years of measurements at thirteen sites on the 35- and 65-m isobaths on the PV and San Pedro shelves. Sediment characteristics and erodibility were based on gentle wet-sieve analysis and erosion-chamber measurements. Modeled flow and sediment transport were mostly alongshelf toward the northwest on the PV shelf with a significant offshore component. The 95th percentile of bottom shear stresses ranged from 0.09 to 0.16 Pa at the 65-m sites, and the lowest values were in the middle of the PV shelf, near the Whites Point sewage outfalls where the effluent-affected layer is thickest. Long-term mean transport rates varied from 0.9 to 4.8 metric tons m<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> along the 65-m isobaths on the PV shelf, and were much higher at the 35-m sites. Gradients in modeled alongshore transport rates suggest that, in the absence of a supply of sediment from the outfalls or PV coast, erosion at rates of ???0.2 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> might occur in the region southeast of the outfalls. These rates are small compared to some estimates of background natural sedimentation rates (???5 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>), but do not preclude higher localized rates near abrupt transitions in sediment characteristics. However, low particle settling velocities and strong currents result in transport length-scales that are long relative to the narrow width of the PV shelf, which combined with the significant offshore component in transport, means that transport of resuspended sediment towards deep water is as likely as transport along the axis of the effluent-affected deposit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2010.01.011","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Ferre, B., Sherwood, C.R., and Wiberg, P., 2010, Sediment transport on the Palos Verdes shelf, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 30, no. 7, p. 761-780, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.01.011.","startPage":"761","endPage":"780","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475870,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10037/13266","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.01.011"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89e7e4b08c986b316f28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferre, B.","contributorId":56481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferre","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiberg, P.L.","contributorId":33827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiberg","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037346,"text":"70037346 - 2010 - Hepatic pathologies in the brackish water catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from contaminated locations of the Lagos lagoon complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T16:52:57.016663","indexId":"70037346","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":830,"text":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Hepatic pathologies in the brackish water catfish (<i>Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus</i>) from contaminated locations of the Lagos lagoon complex","title":"Hepatic pathologies in the brackish water catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from contaminated locations of the Lagos lagoon complex","docAbstract":"<p>Several toxicological studies into the effects of aquatic pollutants on the liver of teleost fish exist in literature. The focus on the liver in these studies is predicated on its central nature in the scheme of biotransformation and excretion of xenobiotics following exposure in polluted water bodies. As a consequence of the latter primary role of the liver in these processes it is regarded as a predilective site for the sub lethal effects of xenobiotics on the organism usually detectable at histological level. Hepatic histopathology recorded in livers from feral populations of the brackish water catfish <i>Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus</i> from locations on the Lagos lagoon complex with significant anthropogenic inputs from denizen populations and industries are presented. Liver sections from sixty specimens from two locations on the Lagos lagoon complex (Badagry lagoon: 6°24'N, 2°56'E; and Lagos lagoon: 6°29'N, 3°22'E) were analysed. Observed pathologies included hydropic degeneration (58%), portal / sinusoidal congestion (33%), hepatic necrosis (26%), hemosiderosis (12%) and foci of cellular alterations (FCA's). No obvious oncologic features were observed; the presence of the hydropic Vacuolation lesion was taken as prelude to the development of neoplasms and discussed as such.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Penkala Bt.","doi":"10.15666/aeer/0703_277286","usgsCitation":"Olarinmoye, O., Taiwo, V., Clarke, E., Kumolu-Johnson, C., Aderinola, O., and Adekunbi, F., 2010, Hepatic pathologies in the brackish water catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from contaminated locations of the Lagos lagoon complex: Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, v. 7, no. 3, p. 277-286, https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0703_277286.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"286","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0703_277286","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":413483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Lagos","otherGeospatial":"Badagry Lagoon, Lagos Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              2.9,\n              6.423914548203811\n            ],\n            [\n              2.9,\n              6.396531107011754\n            ],\n            [\n              2.95,\n              6.396531107011754\n            ],\n            [\n              2.95,\n              6.423914548203811\n            ],\n            [\n              2.9,\n              6.423914548203811\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              3.4,\n              6.5\n            ],\n            [\n              3.34,\n              6.5\n            ],\n            [\n              3.34,\n              6.46\n            ],\n            [\n              3.4,\n              6.46\n            ],\n            [\n              3.4,\n              6.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3061e4b0c8380cd5d5d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olarinmoye, O.","contributorId":48053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olarinmoye","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taiwo, V.","contributorId":85847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taiwo","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, E.","contributorId":60507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kumolu-Johnson, C.","contributorId":51614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumolu-Johnson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aderinola, O.","contributorId":104781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aderinola","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adekunbi, F.","contributorId":59311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adekunbi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037527,"text":"70037527 - 2010 - Quaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on a new Ostracode sea-ice proxy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70037527","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on a new Ostracode sea-ice proxy","docAbstract":"Paleo-sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean was reconstructed using the sea-ice dwelling ostracode Acetabulastoma arcticum from late Quaternary sediments from the Mendeleyev, Lomonosov, and Gakkel Ridges, the Morris Jesup Rise and the Yermak Plateau. Results suggest intermittently high levels of perennial sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (25-45 ka), minimal sea ice during the last deglacial (16-11 ka) and early Holocene thermal maximum (11-5 ka) and increasing sea ice during the mid-to-late Holocene (5-0 ka). Sediment core records from the Iceland and Rockall Plateaus show that perennial sea ice existed in these regions only during glacial intervals MIS 2, 4, and 6. These results show that sea ice exhibits complex temporal and spatial variability during different climatic regimes and that the development of modern perennial sea ice may be a relatively recent phenomenon. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.024","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Gemery, L., Briggs, W., Jakobsson, M., Polyak, L., and Brouwers, E., 2010, Quaternary Sea-ice history in the Arctic Ocean based on a new Ostracode sea-ice proxy: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 29, no. 25-26, p. 3415-3429, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.024.","startPage":"3415","endPage":"3429","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217971,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.024"},{"id":245944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"25-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9285e4b0c8380cd808d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gemery, L.","contributorId":98982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gemery","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, W.M.","contributorId":82855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jakobsson, M.","contributorId":86970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Polyak, L.","contributorId":35927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyak","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brouwers, E. M.","contributorId":98319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037528,"text":"70037528 - 2010 - Targeting land-use change for nitratenitrogen load reductions in an agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70037528","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Targeting land-use change for nitratenitrogen load reductions in an agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"The research was conducted as part of the USDA's Conservation Effects Assessment Project. The objective of the project was to evaluate the environmental effects of land-use changes, with a focus on understanding how the spatial distribution throughout a watershed influences their effectiveness.The Soil and Water AssessmentTool (SWAT) water quality model was applied to the Squaw Creek watershed, which covers 4,730 ha (11,683 ac) of prime agriculture land in southern Iowa. The model was calibrated (2000 to 2004) and validated (1996 to 1999) for overall watershed hydrology and for streamflow and nitrate loadings at the watershed outlet on an annual and monthly basis. Four scenarios for land-use change were evaluated including one scenario consistent with recent land-use changes and three scenarios focused on land-use change on highly erodible land areas, upper basin areas, and floodplain areas. Results for the Squaw Creek watershed suggested that nitrate losses were sensitive to land-use change. If land-use patterns were restored to 1990 conditions, nitrate loads may be reduced 7% to 47% in the watershed and subbasins, whereas converting row crops to grass in highly erodible land, upper basin, and floodplain areas would reduce nitrate loads by 47%, 16%, and 8%, respectively. These SWAT model simulations can provide guidance on how to begin targeting land-use change for nitrate load reductions in agricultural watersheds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2489/jswc.65.6.342","issn":"00224561","usgsCitation":"Jha, M., Schilling, K.E., Gassman, P.W., and Wolter, C., 2010, Targeting land-use change for nitratenitrogen load reductions in an agricultural watershed: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 65, no. 6, p. 342-352, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.65.6.342.","startPage":"342","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475835,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.65.6.342","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217984,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.65.6.342"},{"id":245959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3e5e4b08c986b31ff7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jha, M.K.","contributorId":58127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jha","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gassman, Philip W.","contributorId":33952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gassman","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolter, C.F.","contributorId":23301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolter","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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