{"pageNumber":"1938","pageRowStart":"48425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70036370,"text":"70036370 - 2010 - Distribution, behavior, and transport of inorganic and methylmercury in a high gradient stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036370","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, behavior, and transport of inorganic and methylmercury in a high gradient stream","docAbstract":"Concentrations of Hg remain elevated in physical and biological media of the South River (Virginia, USA), despite the cessation of the industrial use of Hg in its watershed nearly six decades ago, and physical characteristics that would not seem to favor Hg(II)-methylation. A 3-a study of inorganic Hg (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) was conducted in physical media (soil, sediment, surface water, porewater and soil/sediment extracts) to identify non-point sources, transport mechanisms, and potential controls on Hg(II)-methylation. Data collected from surface water and sediment indicate that the majority of the non-point sources of IHg to the South River are within the first 14. km downstream from the historic point source. Partitioning data indicate that particle bound IHg is introduced in this reach, releasing dissolved and colloidal bound IHg, which is transported downstream. Extraction experiments revealed that floodplain soils released a higher fraction of their IHg content in aqueous extractions than fine-grained sediment (FGS). Based on ultrafiltration [<5000 nominal molecular weight cutoff (NMWC)] the majority of soil IHg released was colloidal in nature, providing evidence for the continued evolution of IHg for Hg(II)-methylation from soil. Strong seasonal patterns in MeHg concentrations were observed in surface water and sediment. The highest concentrations of MeHg in surface water were observed at moderate temperatures, suggesting that other factors limit net Hg(II)-methylation. Seasonal changes in sediment organic content and the fraction of 1. N KOH-extractable THg were also observed and may be important factors in controlling net Hg(II)-methylation rates. Sulfate concentrations in surface water are low and the evidence suggests that Fe reduction may be an important Hg(II)-methylation process. The highest sediment MeHg concentrations were observed in habitats with large amounts of FGS, which are more prevalent in the upper half of the study area due to the lower hydrologic gradient and agricultural impacts. Past and present land use practices and other geomorphologic controls contribute to the erosion of banks and accumulation of fine-grained sediment in this section of the river, acting as sources of IHg. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.09.004","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Flanders, J., Turner, R., Morrison, T., Jensen, R., Pizzuto, J., Skalak, K., and Stahl, R., 2010, Distribution, behavior, and transport of inorganic and methylmercury in a high gradient stream: Applied Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 11, p. 1756-1769, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.09.004.","startPage":"1756","endPage":"1769","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.09.004"},{"id":246606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a031ce4b0c8380cd50346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanders, J.R.","contributorId":87401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanders","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, R.R.","contributorId":29983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, T.","contributorId":90966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, R.","contributorId":58877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pizzuto, J.","contributorId":32381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skalak, K.","contributorId":22997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalak","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stahl, R.","contributorId":60888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037607,"text":"70037607 - 2010 - Contrasting activity patterns of sympatric and allopatric black and grizzly bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70037607","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting activity patterns of sympatric and allopatric black and grizzly bears","docAbstract":"The distribution of grizzly (Ursus arctos) and American black bears (U. americanus) overlaps in western North America. Few studies have detailed activity patterns where the species are sympatric and no studies contrasted patterns where populations are both sympatric and allopatric. We contrasted activity patterns for sympatric black and grizzly bears and for black bears allopatric to grizzly bears, how human influences altered patterns, and rates of grizzlyblack bear predation. Activity patterns differed between black bear populations, with those sympatric to grizzly bears more day-active. Activity patterns of black bears allopatric with grizzly bears were similar to those of female grizzly bears; both were crepuscular and day-active. Male grizzly bears were crepuscular and night-active. Both species were more night-active and less day-active when ???1 km from roads or developments. In our sympatric study area, 2 of 4 black bear mortalities were due to grizzly bear predation. Our results suggested patterns of activity that allowed for intra- and inter-species avoidance. National park management often results in convergence of locally high human densities in quality bear habitat. Our data provide additional understanding into how bears alter their activity patterns in response to other bears and humans and should help park managers minimize undesirable bearhuman encounters when considering needs for temporal and spatial management of humans and human developments in bear habitats. ?? 2010 The Wildlife Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2009-571","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, C., Cain, S., Podruzny, S., Cherry, S., and Frattaroli, L., 2010, Contrasting activity patterns of sympatric and allopatric black and grizzly bears: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, no. 8, p. 1628-1638, https://doi.org/10.2193/2009-571.","startPage":"1628","endPage":"1638","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218063,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2009-571"}],"volume":"74","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa77e4b0c8380cd4daee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, C.C.","contributorId":33658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, S.L.","contributorId":61776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Podruzny, S.","contributorId":106624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podruzny","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherry, S.","contributorId":50480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frattaroli, L.","contributorId":24608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frattaroli","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037671,"text":"70037671 - 2010 - The effect of predation on stunted and nonstunted white perch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70037671","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of predation on stunted and nonstunted white perch","docAbstract":"Predation is widely regarded as a means to prevent or minimise the establishment of a stunted (high density of slow growing individuals) population. We investigated the effect of predation on two different white perch Morone americana populations (stunted and nonstunted) by examining the stomach contents of piscivorous fishes. White perch and gizzard shad dominated piscivore diets in Branched Oak Lake, whereas white perch dominated piscivore diets in Pawnee Lake. White perch consumed in the stunted population (Branched Oak Lake) were larger and older than white perch consumed in the nonstunted population (Pawnee Lake). Many of the consumed white perch in the stunted population were sexually mature and had the opportunity to spawn at least once. In contrast, all of the consumed white perch in the nonstunted population were sexually immature. Predation may have reinforced the stunting of white perch in Branched Oak Lake through removal of the largest, oldest individuals. ?? 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00423.x","issn":"09066691","usgsCitation":"Gosch, N., Pierce, L., and Pope, K., 2010, The effect of predation on stunted and nonstunted white perch: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 19, no. 3, p. 401-407, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00423.x.","startPage":"401","endPage":"407","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00423.x"},{"id":246034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab3de4b08c986b322cfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gosch, N.J.C.","contributorId":66513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosch","given":"N.J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, L.L.","contributorId":27220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, K.L.","contributorId":20454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037669,"text":"70037669 - 2010 - GIS-based spatial regression and prediction of water quality in river networks: A case study in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"70037669","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GIS-based spatial regression and prediction of water quality in river networks: A case study in Iowa","docAbstract":"Nonpoint source pollution is the leading cause of the U.S.'s water quality problems. One important component of nonpoint source pollution control is an understanding of what and how watershed-scale conditions influence ambient water quality. This paper investigated the use of spatial regression to evaluate the impacts of watershed characteristics on stream NO3NO2-N concentration in the Cedar River Watershed, Iowa. An Arc Hydro geodatabase was constructed to organize various datasets on the watershed. Spatial regression models were developed to evaluate the impacts of watershed characteristics on stream NO3NO2-N concentration and predict NO3NO2-N concentration at unmonitored locations. Unlike the traditional ordinary least square (OLS) method, the spatial regression method incorporates the potential spatial correlation among the observations in its coefficient estimation. Study results show that NO3NO2-N observations in the Cedar River Watershed are spatially correlated, and by ignoring the spatial correlation, the OLS method tends to over-estimate the impacts of watershed characteristics on stream NO3NO2-N concentration. In conjunction with kriging, the spatial regression method not only makes better stream NO3NO2-N concentration predictions than the OLS method, but also gives estimates of the uncertainty of the predictions, which provides useful information for optimizing the design of stream monitoring network. It is a promising tool for better managing and controlling nonpoint source pollution. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.011","issn":"03014797","usgsCitation":"Yang, X., and Jin, W., 2010, GIS-based spatial regression and prediction of water quality in river networks: A case study in Iowa: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 91, no. 10, p. 1943-1951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.011.","startPage":"1943","endPage":"1951","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.011"},{"id":246032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a146ce4b0c8380cd54a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, X.","contributorId":66894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, W.","contributorId":27682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037689,"text":"70037689 - 2010 - Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"70037689","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake","docAbstract":"Initially, the devastating Mw 7.0, 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake seemed to involve straightforward accommodation of oblique relative motion between the Caribbean and North American plates along the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault zone. Here, we combine seismological observations, geologic field data and space geodetic measurements to show that, instead, the rupture process may have involved slip on multiple faults. Primary surface deformation was driven by rupture on blind thrust faults with only minor, deep, lateral slip along or near the main Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault zone; thus the event only partially relieved centuries of accumulated left-lateral strain on a small part of the plate-boundary system. Together with the predominance of shallow off-fault thrusting, the lack of surface deformation implies that remaining shallow shear strain will be released in future surface-rupturing earthquakes on the Enriquillog-Plantain Garden fault zone, as occurred in inferred Holocene and probable historic events. We suggest that the geological signature of this earthquakeg-broad warping and coastal deformation rather than surface rupture along the main fault zoneg-will not be easily recognized by standard palaeoseismic studies. We conclude that similarly complex earthquakes in tectonic environments that accommodate both translation and convergenceg-such as the San Andreas fault through the Transverse Ranges of Californiag-may be missing from the prehistoric earthquake record. ?? 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo977","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., Briggs, R., Sladen, A., Fielding, E., Prentice, C., Hudnut, K., Mann, P., Taylor, F.W., Crone, A.J., Gold, R., Ito, T., and Simons, M., 2010, Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake: Nature Geoscience, v. 3, no. 11, p. 800-805, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo977.","startPage":"800","endPage":"805","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475839,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20101206-152908508","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo977"}],"volume":"3","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f910e4b0c8380cd4d3f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, G.P.","contributorId":75764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, R.W.","contributorId":97317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sladen, A.","contributorId":9496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sladen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fielding, E.J.","contributorId":64871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prentice, C.","contributorId":33107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudnut, K.","contributorId":92439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mann, P.","contributorId":55167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Taylor, F. W.","contributorId":57598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Crone, A. J.","contributorId":84363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gold, R.","contributorId":24205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ito, T.","contributorId":39622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Simons, M.","contributorId":14610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70037584,"text":"70037584 - 2010 - Considerations for developing wolf harvesting regulations in the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T15:01:20","indexId":"70037584","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Considerations for developing wolf harvesting regulations in the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"<p>A<span>s gray wolves (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) are removed from the federal Endangered Species List, management reverts to the states. Eventually most states will probably allow public wolf harvesting. Open seasons between about 1 November and 1 March accord more with basic wolf biology than during other times. Managers who consider wolf biology and public sensitivities, adapt public-taking regulations accordingly, and adjust harvest regulations as they learn will be best able to maximize the recreational value of wolf harvesting, minimize public animosity toward it, and meet their harvest objectives.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2193/2009-540","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 2010, Considerations for developing wolf harvesting regulations in the contiguous United States: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, no. 7, p. 1421-1424, https://doi.org/10.2193/2009-540.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1421","endPage":"1424","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, 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David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037662,"text":"70037662 - 2010 - Identification of nitrogen sources to four small lakes in the agricultural region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T21:34:15","indexId":"70037662","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of nitrogen sources to four small lakes in the agricultural region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan","docAbstract":"Pollution of inland waters by agricultural land use is a concern in many areas of the world, and especially in arid regions, where water resources are inherently scarce. This study used physical and chemical water quality and stable nitrogen isotope (δ<sup>15</sup>N) measurements from zooplankton to examine nitrogen (N) sources and concentrations in four small lakes of Khorezm, Uzbekistan, an arid, highly agricultural region, which is part of the environmentally-impacted Aral Sea Basin. During the 2-year study period, ammonium concentrations were the highest dissolved inorganic N species in all lakes, with a maximum of 3.00 mg N l<sup>−1</sup> and an average concentration of 0.62 mg N l<sup>−1</sup>. Nitrate levels were low, with a maximum concentration of 0.46 mg N l<sup>−1</sup> and an average of 0.05 mg N l<sup>−1</sup> for all four lakes. The limited zooplankton δ<sup>15</sup>N values did not correlate with the high loads of synthetic fertilizer applied to local croplands during summer months. These results suggest that the N cycles in these lakes may be more influenced by regional dynamics than agricultural activity in the immediate surroundings. The Amu-Darya River, which provides the main source of irrigation water to the region, was identified as a possible source of the primary N input to the lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9509-3","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Shanafield, M., Rosen, M., Saito, L., Chandra, S., Lamers, J., and Nishonov, B., 2010, Identification of nitrogen sources to four small lakes in the agricultural region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan: Biogeochemistry, v. 101, no. 1-3, p. 357-368, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9509-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"368","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218008,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9509-3"},{"id":245984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Uzbekistan","state":"Khorezm","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.06,40.56 ], [ 60.06,42.0 ], [ 62.36,42.0 ], [ 62.36,40.56 ], [ 60.06,40.56 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"101","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3833e4b0c8380cd614a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanafield, M.","contributorId":66938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanafield","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosen, M.","contributorId":51575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saito, L.","contributorId":59402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saito","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chandra, S.","contributorId":68867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandra","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamers, J.","contributorId":9100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamers","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nishonov, Bakhriddin","contributorId":15860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nishonov","given":"Bakhriddin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036477,"text":"70036477 - 2010 - The diachronous formation of the Enmyvaam and Amguema-Kanchalan volcanic fields in the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt (NE Russia): Evidence from isotopic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036477","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1402,"text":"Doklady Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The diachronous formation of the Enmyvaam and Amguema-Kanchalan volcanic fields in the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt (NE Russia): Evidence from isotopic data","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Doklady Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1134/S1028334X10090072","issn":"1028334X","usgsCitation":"Sakhno, V., Polin, V., Akinin, V., Sergeev, S., Alenicheva, A., Tikhomirov, P., and Moll-Stalcup, E.J., 2010, The diachronous formation of the Enmyvaam and Amguema-Kanchalan volcanic fields in the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt (NE Russia): Evidence from isotopic data: Doklady Earth Sciences, v. 434, no. 1, p. 1172-1178, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X10090072.","startPage":"1172","endPage":"1178","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218208,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X10090072"},{"id":246195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"434","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaa9e4b08c986b322900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sakhno, V.G.","contributorId":61279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakhno","given":"V.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Polin, V.F.","contributorId":71812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polin","given":"V.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akinin, V.V.","contributorId":49583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akinin","given":"V.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sergeev, S.A.","contributorId":76584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sergeev","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alenicheva, A.A.","contributorId":102726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alenicheva","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tikhomirov, P.L.","contributorId":54052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tikhomirov","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moll-Stalcup, E. J.","contributorId":26698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll-Stalcup","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037696,"text":"70037696 - 2010 - Development of a new toxic-unit model for the bioassessment of metals in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T17:03:54","indexId":"70037696","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a new toxic-unit model for the bioassessment of metals in streams","docAbstract":"Two toxic-unit models that estimate the toxicity of trace-metal mixtures to benthic communities were compared. The chronic criterion accumulation ratio (CCAR), a modification of biotic ligand model (BLM) outputs for use as a toxic-unit model, accounts for the modifying and competitive influences of major cations (Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, H<sup>+</sup>), anions (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>,SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, S<sup>2−</sup>) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in determining the free metal ion available for accumulation on the biotic ligand. The cumulative criterion unit (CCU) model, an empirical statistical model of trace-metal toxicity, considers only the ameliorative properties of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> (hardness) in determining the toxicity of total dissolved trace metals. Differences in the contribution of a metal (e.g., Cu, Cd, Zn) to toxic units as determined by CCAR or CCU were observed and attributed to how each model incorporates the influences of DOC, pH, and alkalinity. Akaike information criteria demonstrate that CCAR is an improved predictor of benthic macroinvertebrate community metrics as compared with CCU. Piecewise models depict great declines (thresholds) in benthic macroinvertebrate communities at CCAR of 1 or more, while negative changes in benthic communities were detected at a CCAR of less than 1. We observed a 7% reduction in total taxa richness and a 43% decrease in Heptageniid abundance between background (CCAR = 0.1) and the threshold of chronic toxicity on the basis of continuous chronic criteria (CCAR = 1). In this first application of the BLM as a toxic-unit model, we found it superior to CCU.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.302","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Clements, W., Mitchell, K., Church, S.E., Wanty, R.B., Fey, D.L., Verplanck, P.L., and San Juan, C.A., 2010, Development of a new toxic-unit model for the bioassessment of metals in streams: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 11, p. 2432-2442, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.302.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2432","endPage":"2442","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475786,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.302"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003fe4b0c8380cd4f67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clements, W.H.","contributorId":78855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, K.A.","contributorId":38825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Church, Stanley E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":199165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stanley","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"San Juan, Carma A. 0000-0002-9151-1919 csanjuan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":1146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","email":"csanjuan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70046742,"text":"dds49115 - 2010 - Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: NLCD 2001 Land Use and Land Cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-25T16:08:16","indexId":"dds49115","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"491-15","title":"Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: NLCD 2001 Land Use and Land Cover","docAbstract":"This tabular data set represents the estimated area of land use and land cover from the National Land Cover Dataset 2001 (LaMotte, 2008), compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of the Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data set represents land use and land cover for the conterminous United States for 2001. The National Land Cover Data Set for 2001 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of Federal agencies (http://www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering the South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5) and the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dds49115","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, M., and LaMotte, A.E., 2010, Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: NLCD 2001 Land Use and Land Cover: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 491-15, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dds49115.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274367,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mrb_e2rf1_nlcd01.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.910792,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,23.243486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e4e4b0ca18483389ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael mewieczo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037470,"text":"70037470 - 2010 - Who provided maize to Chaco Canyon after the mid-12th-century drought?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T16:34:15","indexId":"70037470","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Who provided maize to Chaco Canyon after the mid-12th-century drought?","docAbstract":"Between A.D. 1181 and 1200, in the early part of a climatically wet period, corn was imported to Chaco Canyon from a region outside the Chaco Halo (defined in this paper as the region between the base of the Chuska Mountains and Raton Wells). Strontium-isotope (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) analyses of 12 corn cobs dating to this period match <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios from five potential source areas, including: the Zuni region, the Mesa Verde-McElmo Dome area, the Totah, the Defiance Plateau, and Lobo Mesa. The latter two areas were eliminated from consideration as possible sources of corn in that they appear to have been unpopulated during the time period of interest. Therefore, it appears that the corn cobs were imported from the Zuni region, the Mesa Verde-McElmo Dome area, or the Totah area during a time when the climate was relatively wet and when a surplus of corn was produced in regions outside Chaco Canyon. Based on proximity to and cultural affiliation with Chaco Canyon, it is hypothesized that the corn probably was imported from the Totah.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.027","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., 2010, Who provided maize to Chaco Canyon after the mid-12th-century drought?: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 37, no. 3, p. 621-629, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.027.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-014946","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217064,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.027"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd084e4b08c986b32eed2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Larry V. lbenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Larry","email":"lbenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037568,"text":"70037568 - 2010 - Hubble Space Telescope observations of Europa in and out of eclipse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70037568","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hubble Space Telescope observations of Europa in and out of eclipse","docAbstract":"Europa is a prime target for astrobiology and has been prioritized as the next target for a National Aeronautics and Space Administration flagship mission. It is important, therefore, that we advance our understanding of Europa, its ocean and physical environment as much as possible. Here, we describe observations of Europa obtained during its orbital eclipse by Jupiter using the Hubble Space Telescope. We obtained Advanced Camera for Surveys Solar Blind Channel far ultraviolet low-resolution spectra that show oxygen line emission both in and out of eclipse. We also used the Wide-Field and Planetary Camera-2 and searched for broad-band optical emission from fluorescence of the surface material, arising from the very high level of incident energetic particle radiation on ices and potentially organic substances. The high-energy particle radiation at the surface of Europa is extremely intense and is responsible for the production of a tenuous oxygen atmosphere and associated FUV line emission. Approximately 50% of the oxygen emission lasts at least a few hours into the eclipse. We discuss the detection limits of the optical emission, which allow us to estimate the fraction of incident energy reradiated at optical wavelengths, through electron-excited emission, Cherenkov radiation in the ice and fluorescent processes. ?? 2010 Cambridge University Press.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Astrobiology","language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1473550410000285","issn":"14735504","usgsCitation":"Sparks, W., McGrath, M., Hand, K., Ford, H., Geissler, P., Hough, J., Turner, E., Chyba, C., Carlson, R., and Turnbull, M., 2010, Hubble Space Telescope observations of Europa in and out of eclipse, <i>in</i> International Journal of Astrobiology, v. 9, no. 4, p. 265-271, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550410000285.","startPage":"265","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1473550410000285"},{"id":245995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3272e4b0c8380cd5e7f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparks, W.B.","contributorId":51138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGrath, M.","contributorId":9897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hand, K.","contributorId":36785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hand","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, H.C.","contributorId":82165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geissler, P.","contributorId":45662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hough, J.H.","contributorId":56075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turner, E.L.","contributorId":90967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chyba, C.F.","contributorId":22182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chyba","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Carlson, R.","contributorId":30773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Turnbull, M.","contributorId":63247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnbull","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70037299,"text":"70037299 - 2010 - Cyclic changes in Pennsylvanian paleoclimate and effects on floristic dynamics in tropical Pangaea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037299","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic changes in Pennsylvanian paleoclimate and effects on floristic dynamics in tropical Pangaea","docAbstract":"Wetland floras narrowly define perceptions of Pennsylvanian tropical ecosystems, the so-called Coal Age. Such wetlands reflect humid to perhumid climate, leading to characterizations of Pennsylvanian tropics as everwet, swampy. These views are biased by the high preservation potential of wetlands. Sedimentation patterns, paleosols, and fossil floras indicate the presence of vegetation tolerant of subhumid to dry-subhumid, perhaps semi-arid climate in basins between peat formation times. Understanding the significance of this seasonally-dry vegetation has suffered from conceptual and terminological confusion. A clearer view has emerged as models for framing the data have improved. Basinal floras typical of seasonally-dry conditions, relatively low soil moisture regimes, are well documented but mainly from isolated deposits. Some of the earliest, dominated by primitive pteridosperms (\"Fl??zfern\" floras), occur in clastic rocks between European Early Pennsylvanian coal beds. Later Early Pennsylvanian, fern-cordaitalean vegetation, different from coal floras, is preserved in marine goniatite bullions. Conifers are first suggested by late Mississippian Potoniesporites pollen. About the same time, in North America, broadleaf foliage, Lesleya and Megalopteris occur in basin-margin settings, on drought-prone limestone substrates. The best known, xeromorphic floras found between coal beds appear in the Middle through Late Pennsylvanian, containing conifers, cordaitaleans, and pteridosperms. The Middle Pennsylvanian appearances of this flora are mainly allochthonous, though parautochthonous occurrences have been reported. Parautochthonous assemblages are mostly Late Pennsylvanian. The conifer flora became dominant in western and central Pangaean equatorial lowlands in earliest Permian. Location of the humid-perhumid wetland flora during periods of relative dryness, though rarely discussed, is as, or more, perplexing than the spatial location of seasonally-dry floras through time - wetland plants had few migratory options and possibly survived in small refugia, within and outside of basins. Coupled oscillations in climate, sea level, and vegetation were driven most likely by glacial-interglacial fluctuations, perhaps controlled by orbital cyclicity. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2010.01.007","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"DiMichele, W.A., Cecil, C.B., Montanez, I., and Falcon-Lang, H.J., 2010, Cyclic changes in Pennsylvanian paleoclimate and effects on floristic dynamics in tropical Pangaea: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 83, no. 2-3, p. 329-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2010.01.007.","startPage":"329","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2010.01.007"},{"id":244940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd22e4b0c8380cd4e658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiMichele, William A.","contributorId":97631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMichele","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montanez, I.P.","contributorId":64827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montanez","given":"I.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falcon-Lang, H. J.","contributorId":41220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcon-Lang","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037439,"text":"70037439 - 2010 - Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037439","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska","docAbstract":"Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) are the most threatened family of birds globally. The three North Pacific species (Phoebastria Reichenbach, 1853) are listed as either endangered or vulnerable, with the population of Short-tailed Albatross (Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769)) less than 1% of its historical size. All North Pacific albatross species do not currently breed sympatrically, yet they do co-occur at-sea during the nonbreeding season. We incorporated stable isotope analysis with the first simultaneous satellite-tracking study of all three North Pacific albatross species while sympatric on summer (nonbreeding season) foraging grounds off Alaska. Carbon isotope ratios and tracking data identify differences in primary foraging domains of continental shelf and slope waters for Short-tailed Albatrosses and Black-footed Albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes (Audubon, 1839)) versus oceanic waters for Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis (Roths-child, 1893)). Short-tailed and Black-footed albatrosses also fed at higher trophic levels than Laysan Albatrosses. The relative trophic position of Black-footed and Laysan albatrosses, however, appears to differ between nonbreeding and breeding seasons. Spatial segregation also occurred at a broader geographic scale, with Short-tailed Albatrosses ranging more north into the Bering Sea than Black-footed Albatrosses, which ranged more to the southeast, and Laysan Albatrosses more to the southwest. Differences in carbon isotope ratios among North Pacific albatross species during the nonbreeding season likely reflect the relative proportion of neritic (more carbon enriched) versus oceanic (carbon depleted) derived nutrients, and possible differential use of fishery discards, rather than latitudinal differences in distribution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z10-002","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Suryan, R., and Fischer, K., 2010, Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 88, no. 3, p. 299-305, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z10-002.","startPage":"299","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z10-002"},{"id":245295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9669e4b08c986b31b4bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, K.N.","contributorId":32360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037567,"text":"70037567 - 2010 - Analysis of the Arctic system for freshwater cycle intensification: Observations and expectations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-05T08:23:57","indexId":"70037567","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the Arctic system for freshwater cycle intensification: Observations and expectations","docAbstract":"Hydrologic cycle intensification is an expected manifestation of a warming climate. Although positive trends in several global average quantities have been reported, no previous studies have documented broad intensification across elements of the Arctic freshwater cycle (FWC). In this study, the authors examine the character and quantitative significance of changes in annual precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge across the terrestrial pan-Arctic over the past several decades from observations and a suite of coupled general circulation models (GCMs). Trends in freshwater flux and storage derived from observations across the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas are also described.\n\nWith few exceptions, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge fluxes from observations and the GCMs exhibit positive trends. Significant positive trends above the 90% confidence level, however, are not present for all of the observations. Greater confidence in the GCM trends arises through lower interannual variability relative to trend magnitude. Put another way, intrinsic variability in the observations tends to limit confidence in trend robustness. Ocean fluxes are less certain, primarily because of the lack of long-term observations. Where available, salinity and volume flux data suggest some decrease in saltwater inflow to the Barents Sea (i.e., a decrease in freshwater outflow) in recent decades. A decline in freshwater storage across the central Arctic Ocean and suggestions that large-scale circulation plays a dominant role in freshwater trends raise questions as to whether Arctic Ocean freshwater flows are intensifying. Although oceanic fluxes of freshwater are highly variable and consistent trends are difficult to verify, the other components of the Arctic FWC do show consistent positive trends over recent decades. The broad-scale increases provide evidence that the Arctic FWC is experiencing intensification. Efforts that aim to develop an adequate observation system are needed to reduce uncertainties and to detect and document ongoing changes in all system components for further evidence of Arctic FWC intensification.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Rawlins, M., Steele, M., Holland, M., Adam, J., Cherry, J., Francis, J., Groisman, P., Hinzman, L., Huntington, T., Kane, D., Kimball, J., Kwok, R., Lammers, R., Lee, C., Lettenmaier, D., McDonald, K., Podest, E., Pundsack, J., Rudels, B., Serreze, M.C., Shiklomanov, A., Skagseth, O., Troy, T., Vorosmarty, C., Wensnahan, M., Wood, E., Woodgate, R., Yang, D., Zhang, K., and Zhang, T., 2010, Analysis of the Arctic system for freshwater cycle intensification: Observations and expectations: Journal of Climate, v. 23, no. 21, p. 5715-5737, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"5715","endPage":"5737","ipdsId":"IP-017451","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475785,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3421.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1"}],"volume":"23","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb38e4b0c8380cd48cc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawlins, M.A.","contributorId":73445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawlins","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steele, M.","contributorId":96122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, M.M.","contributorId":13074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adam, J.C.","contributorId":23793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherry, J.E.","contributorId":77398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Francis, J.A.","contributorId":64490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Groisman, P.Y.","contributorId":43603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groisman","given":"P.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hinzman, L. D.","contributorId":90083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinzman","given":"L. 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J.","contributorId":104232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vorosmarty","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Wensnahan, M.","contributorId":87011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wensnahan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Wood, E.F.","contributorId":70998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Woodgate, R.","contributorId":32763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodgate","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Yang, D.","contributorId":82440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Zhang, K.","contributorId":71724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Zhang, T.","contributorId":61536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30}]}}
,{"id":70037566,"text":"70037566 - 2010 - Future dryness in the Southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70037566","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future dryness in the Southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought","docAbstract":"Recently the Southwest has experienced a spate of dryness, which presents a challenge to the sustainability of current water use by human and natural systems in the region. In the Colorado River Basin, the early 21st century drought has been the most extreme in over a century of Colorado River flows, and might occur in any given century with probability of only 60%. However, hydrological model runs from downscaled Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment climate change simulations suggest that the region is likely to become drier and experience more severe droughts than this. In the latter half of the 21st century the models produced considerably greater drought activity, particularly in the Colorado River Basin, as judged from soil moisture anomalies and other hydrological measures. As in the historical record, most of the simulated extreme droughts build up and persist over many years. Durations of depleted soil moisture over the historical record ranged from 4 to 10 years, but in the 21st century simulations, some of the dry events persisted for 12 years or more. Summers during the observed early 21st century drought were remarkably warm, a feature also evident in many simulated droughts of the 21st century. These severe future droughts are aggravated by enhanced, globally warmed temperatures that reduce spring snowpack and late spring and summer soil moisture. As the climate continues to warm and soil moisture deficits accumulate beyond historical levels, the model simulations suggest that sustaining water supplies in parts of the Southwest will be a challenge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0912391107","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Das, T., Pierce, D., Barnett, T., Tyree, M., and Gershunova, A., 2010, Future dryness in the Southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 107, no. 50, p. 21271-21276, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912391107.","startPage":"21271","endPage":"21276","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475782,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3003012","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912391107"},{"id":245963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1431e4b0c8380cd5494c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tyree, Mary","contributorId":85414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyree","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gershunova, A.","contributorId":35993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gershunova","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037440,"text":"70037440 - 2010 - On the irrigation requirements of cottonwood (Populus fremontii and Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) and willow (Salix gooddingii) grown in a desert environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037440","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the irrigation requirements of cottonwood (Populus fremontii and Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) and willow (Salix gooddingii) grown in a desert environment","docAbstract":"Native tree plots have been established in river irrigation districts in the western U.S. to provide habitat for threatened and endangered birds. Information is needed on the effective irrigation requirements of the target species. Cottonwood (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix gooddingii) trees were grown for seven years in an outdoor plot in a desert environment in Tucson, Arizona. Plants were allowed to achieve a nearly complete canopy cover over the first four years, then were subjected to three daily summer irrigation schedules of 6.20??mm??d<sup>-1</sup>; 8.26??mm??d<sup>-1</sup> and 15.7??mm??d<sup>-1</sup>. The lowest irrigation rate was sufficient to maintain growth and high leaf area index for cottonwoods over three years, while willows suffered considerable die-back on this rate in years six and seven. These irrigation rates were applied April 15-September 15, but only 0.88??mm??d<sup>-1</sup> was applied during the dormant period of the year. Expressed as a fraction of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>o</sub>), recommended annual water applications plus precipitation (and including some deep drainage) were 0.83 ET<sub>o</sub> for cottonwood and 1.01 ET<sub>o</sub> for willow. Current practices tend to over-irrigate restoration plots, and this study can provide guidelines for more efficient water use. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.12.007","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Hartwell, S., Morino, K., Nagler, P., and Glenn, E.P., 2010, On the irrigation requirements of cottonwood (Populus fremontii and Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) and willow (Salix gooddingii) grown in a desert environment: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 74, no. 6, p. 667-674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.12.007.","startPage":"667","endPage":"674","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.12.007"},{"id":245296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddbe4b0c8380cd7536b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartwell, S.","contributorId":49636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morino, K.","contributorId":10614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043672,"text":"70043672 - 2010 - Guidelines to indirectly measure and enhance detection efficiency of stationary PIT tag interrogation systems in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T15:47:24","indexId":"70043672","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Guidelines to indirectly measure and enhance detection efficiency of stationary PIT tag interrogation systems in streams","docAbstract":"<p>With increasing use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and reliance on stationary PIT tag interrogation systems to monitor fish populations, guidelines are offered to inform users how best to use limited funding and human resources to create functional systems that maximize a desired level of detection and precision. The estimators of detection efficiency and their variability as described by Connolly et al. (2008) are explored over a span of likely performance metrics. These estimators were developed to estimate detection efficiency without relying on a known number of fish passing the system. I present graphical displays of the results derived from these estimators to show the potential efficiency and precision to be gained by adding an array or by increasing the number of PIT-tagged fish expected to move past an interrogation system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAMP","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., 2010, Guidelines to indirectly measure and enhance detection efficiency of stationary PIT tag interrogation systems in streams, p. 119-126.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017532","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576d0831e4b07657d1a37563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043674,"text":"70043674 - 2010 - Juvenile Salmonid survival, passage, and egress at McNary Dam during tests of temporary spillway weirs, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-27T11:10:19","indexId":"70043674","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Juvenile Salmonid survival, passage, and egress at McNary Dam during tests of temporary spillway weirs, 2009","docAbstract":"We evaluated behavior, passage, and survival of juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam in relation to the temporary spillway weirs (TSWs) using acoustic telemetry during 2009. The TSWs were located in spill bays 4 and 20 during spring and in spill bays 19 and 20 during summer. Our objectives were to assess the performance of the TSWs as a fish passage alternative. We also examined how tailrace conditions might have influenced fish survival by releasing drift buoys (drogues).\nThe TSWs proved to be a relatively effective way to pass juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam (Summary Tables 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3), as was the case in 2007 and 2008. The TSWs passed about 14% of yearling Chinook salmon and 34% of juvenile steelhead with only 5-10% of total project discharge flowing through the TSWs. The TSWs and adjacent spill bays 16-18 passed 27% of subyearling Chinook salmon in the summer with 6-16% of total project discharge flowing through the TSWs. Based on the number of fish passing per the proportion of water flowing through the spillway (i.e., passage effectiveness), the TSWs were the most effective passage route. Passage effectiveness for fish passing through both TSW structures was 2.0 for yearling Chinook salmon, 5.2 for juvenile steelhead, and 2.7 subyearling Chinook salmon for TSW 20 alone. Higher passage of juvenile steelhead through the TSWs could have resulted from juvenile steelhead being more surface-oriented during migration (Plumb et al. 2004; Beeman et al. 2007; Beeman and Maule 2006). Based on passage performance and effectiveness metrics, TSW 4, located on the north end of the spillway, did not perform as well as TSW 20, located on the south end of the spillway. Passage proportions for TSW 4 were at least half that of the levels observed for TSW 20 for both yearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead. This difference may be attributed to TSW location or other variables such as dam operations. Regardless of which TSW was used by fish passing the dam, survival through both TSWs was high (> 0.98 for paired-release dam survival) for yearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Walla Walla, WA","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., and Liedtke, T., 2010, Juvenile Salmonid survival, passage, and egress at McNary Dam during tests of temporary spillway weirs, 2009, 191 p. .","productDescription":"191 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-022316","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"McNary Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.37366485595702,\n              45.93252776429104\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.29538726806639,\n              45.94709159562572\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.24148559570311,\n              45.95162708963677\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16183471679688,\n              45.940645781504905\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.10003662109374,\n              45.952104488469985\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.09591674804688,\n              45.91867663909007\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.21539306640626,\n              45.915810457254395\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.34585571289062,\n              45.909122123907295\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.38293457031249,\n              45.90243298453263\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.39117431640625,\n              45.93300532761351\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37366485595702,\n              45.93252776429104\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58638bd6e4b0cd2dabe7bec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, T.L.","contributorId":32800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037292,"text":"70037292 - 2010 - Paleomagnetic results from Tertiary volcanic strata and intrusions, Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity: Contributions to the North American apparent polar wander path","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037292","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic results from Tertiary volcanic strata and intrusions, Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity: Contributions to the North American apparent polar wander path","docAbstract":"We report paleomagnetic and rock magnetic data from volcanic, volcaniclastic, and intrusive rocks of the 55-44Ma Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup (AVS) exposed along the northeastern margin of Yellowstone National Park and adjacent areas. Demagnetization behavior and rock magnetic experiments indicate that the remanence in most samples is carried by low-Ti titanomagnetite, although high-coercivity phases are present in oxidized basalt flows. Paleomagnetic demagnetization and rock magnetic characteristics, the presence of normal and reverse polarity sites, consistency with previous results, and positive conglomerate tests suggest that the observed remanences are primary thermoremanent magnetizations of Eocene age (c. 50Ma). An in situ grand-mean for 22 individual site- or cooling-unit means from this study that yield acceptable data combined with published data from Independence volcano yields a declination of 347.6?? and inclination of 59.2?? (k=21.8, ??<sub>95</sub>=6.8??) and a positive reversal test. Averaging 21 virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) that are well-grouped yields a mean at 137.1??E, 82.5??N (K=17.6, A<sub>95</sub>=7.8??), similar to results previously obtained from published studies from the AVS. Combining the VGPs from our study with published data yields a combined AVS pole at 146.3??E, 83.1??N (K=13.5, A<sub>95</sub>=6.2??, N=42 VGPs). Both poles are indistinguishable from c. 50Ma cratonic and synthetic reference poles for North America, and demonstrate the relative stability of this part of the Cordillera with respect to the craton. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.025","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Harlan, S.S., and Morgan, L.A., 2010, Paleomagnetic results from Tertiary volcanic strata and intrusions, Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity: Contributions to the North American apparent polar wander path: Tectonophysics, v. 485, no. 1-4, p. 245-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.025.","startPage":"245","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217405,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.025"}],"volume":"485","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7416e4b0c8380cd7741e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, L. A.","contributorId":16350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037442,"text":"70037442 - 2010 - Mapping of road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge and estimation of chloride load to a small stream in southern New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037442","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge and estimation of chloride load to a small stream in southern New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"Concentrations of chloride in excess of State of New Hampshire water-quality standards (230 mg/l) have been measured in watersheds adjacent to an interstate highway (I-93) in southern New Hampshire. A proposed widening plan for I-93 has raised concerns over further increases in chloride. As part of this effort, road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge was mapped with terrain electrical conductivity (EC) electromagnetic (EM) methods in the fall of 2006 to identify potential sources of chloride during base-flow conditions to a small stream, Policy Brook. Three different EM meters were used to measure different depths below the streambed (ranging from 0 to 3 m). Results from the three meters showed similar patterns and identified several reaches where high EC groundwater may have been discharging. Based on the delineation of high (up to 350 mmhos/m) apparent terrain EC, seven-streambed piezometers were installed to sample shallow groundwater. Locations with high specific conductance in shallow groundwater (up to 2630 mmhos/m) generally matched locations with high streambed (shallow subsurface) terrain EC. A regression equation was used to convert the terrain EC of the streambed to an equivalent chloride concentration in shallow groundwater unique for this site. Utilizing the regression equation and estimates of onedimensional Darcian flow through the streambed, a maximum potential groundwater chloride load was estimated at 188 Mg of chloride per year. Changes in chloride concentration in stream water during streamflow recessions showed a linear response that indicates the dominant process affecting chloride is advective flow of chloride-enriched groundwater discharge. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7645","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Harte, P., and Trowbridge, P., 2010, Mapping of road-salt-contaminated groundwater discharge and estimation of chloride load to a small stream in southern New Hampshire, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 24, no. 17, p. 2349-2368, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7645.","startPage":"2349","endPage":"2368","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7645"},{"id":245269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5069e4b0c8380cd6b6a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trowbridge, P.R.","contributorId":11035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trowbridge","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043784,"text":"70043784 - 2010 - Analyzing debris flows with the statistically calibrated empirical model LAHARZ in southeastern Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:03:26.875496","indexId":"70043784","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing debris flows with the statistically calibrated empirical model LAHARZ in southeastern Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hazard-zone delineation for extreme events is essential for floodplain management near mountain fronts in arid and semiarid regions. On 31 July 2006, unprecedented debris flows occurred in the Santa Catalina Mountains of southeastern Arizona following extreme multiday precipitation (recurrence interval &gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years for 4-day precipitation). Most mobilized sediment contributing to debris flows was derived from shallow-seated failures of colluvium on steep slopes. A total of 435 slope failures in the southern Santa Catalina Mountains released 1.34</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>million</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>Mg of sediment into the channels of 10 drainage basins. Five drainages produced debris flows that moved to the apices of alluvial fans on the southern edge of the mountain front, damaging infrastructure and aggrading channels to reduce future flood conveyance. Using the statistically calibrated, empirical debris-flow model LAHARZ and modified model coefficients developed to better match conditions in southeastern Arizona, we predicted the approximate area of deposition and travel distance in comparison to observed depositional areas and travel distance for seven debris flows. Two of the modeled debris flows represented single slope failures that terminated downslope with no additive influence of other debris flows or streamflow flooding. Five of the simulated debris flows represented the aggregation of multiple slope failures and streamflow flooding into multiple debris-flow pulses. Because LAHARZ is a debris-flow hazard-zone delineation tool, the complexity of alternating transport and deposition zones in channels with abrupt expansions and contractions reduces the applicability of the model in some drainage basins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.02.022","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., Griffiths, P.G., and Webb, R., 2010, Analyzing debris flows with the statistically calibrated empirical model LAHARZ in southeastern Arizona, USA: Geomorphology, v. 119, no. 1-2, p. 111-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.02.022.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"124","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011799","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ceb05fe4b044272b8e8914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043836,"text":"70043836 - 2010 - Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-10T12:17:34","indexId":"70043836","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3689,"text":"Veterinary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp","docAbstract":"The rise of aquaculture has been one of the most profound changes in global food production of the past 100 years. Driven by population growth, rising demand for seafood and a levelling of production from capture fisheries, the practice of farming aquatic animals has expanded rapidly to become a major global industry. Aquaculture is now integral to the economies of many countries. It has provided employment and been a major driver of socio-economic development in poor rural and coastal communities, particularly in Asia, and has relieved pressure on the sustainability of the natural harvest from our rivers, lakes and oceans. However, the rapid growth of aquaculture has also been the source of anthropogenic change on a massive scale. Aquatic animals have been displaced from their natural environment, cultured in high density, exposed to environmental stress, provided artificial or unnatural feeds, and a prolific global trade has developed in both live aquatic animals and their products. At the same time, over-exploitation of fisheries and anthropogenic stress on aquatic ecosystems has placed pressure on wild fish populations. Not surprisingly, the consequence has been the emergence and spread of an increasing array of new diseases. This review examines the rise and characteristics of aquaculture, the major viral pathogens of fish and shrimp and their impacts, and the particular characteristics of disease emergence in an aquatic, rather than terrestrial, context. It also considers the potential for future disease emergence in aquatic animals as aquaculture continues to expand and faces the challenges presented by climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Veterinary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EDP Sciences","publisherLocation":"France","doi":"10.1051/vetres/2010022","usgsCitation":"Winton, J.R., and Walker, P.J., 2010, Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp: Veterinary Research, v. 41, no. 6, p. 51-75, https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010022.","startPage":"51","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-019740","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269023,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010022"}],"country":"United States","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd576ce4b0b290850f776d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Peter J.","contributorId":24658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045706,"text":"70045706 - 2010 - Intercontinental reassortment and genomic variation of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) in Alaska: examining the evidence through space and time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T18:36:17","indexId":"70045706","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3696,"text":"Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercontinental reassortment and genomic variation of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) in Alaska: examining the evidence through space and time","docAbstract":"<p>Migration and population genetic data for northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) and phylogenetic analysis of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses from this host in Alaska suggest that northern pintails are involved in ongoing intercontinental transmission of avian influenza. Here, we further refine this conclusion through phylogenetic analyses which demonstrate that detection of foreign lineage gene segments is spatially dependent and consistent through time. Our results show detection of foreign lineage gene segments to be most likely at sample locations on the Alaska Peninsula and least likely along the Southern Alaska Coast. Asian lineages detected at four gene segments persisted across years, suggesting maintenance in avian hosts that migrate to Alaska each year from Asia or in hosts that remain in Alaska throughout the year. Alternatively, live viruses may persist in the environment and re-infect birds in subsequent seasons.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.006","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Pearce, J.M., Flint, P.L., Ip, S., Derksen, D.V., Franson, J., Petrula, M.J., Scotton, B.D., Sowl, K.M., Wege, M.L., and Trust, K.A., 2010, Intercontinental reassortment and genomic variation of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) in Alaska: examining the evidence through space and time: Virology, v. 401, no. 2, p. 179-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.006.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access 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,{"id":70037558,"text":"70037558 - 2010 - On the nature of the dirty ice at the bottom of the GISP2 ice core","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T10:37:12","indexId":"70037558","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the nature of the dirty ice at the bottom of the GISP2 ice core","docAbstract":"We present data on the triple Ar isotope composition in trapped gas from clean, stratigraphically disturbed ice between 2800 and 3040m depth in the GISP2 ice core, and from basal dirty ice from 3040 to 3053m depth. We also present data for the abundance and isotopic composition of O<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>, and abundance of Ar, in the basal dirty ice. The Ar/N<sub>2</sub> ratio of dirty basal ice, the heavy isotope enrichment (reflecting gravitational fractionation), and the total gas content all indicate that the gases in basal dirty ice originate from the assimilation of clean ice of the overlying glacier, which comprises most of the ice in the dirty bottom layer. O<sub>2</sub> is partly to completely depleted in basal ice, reflecting active metabolism. The gravitationally corrected ratio of <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>38</sup>Ar, which decreases with age in the global atmosphere, is compatible with an age of 100-250ka for clean disturbed ice. In basal ice, <sup>40</sup>Ar is present in excess due to injection of radiogenic 40Ar produced in the underlying continental crust. The weak depth gradient of <sup>40</sup>Ar in the dirty basal ice, and the distribution of dirt, indicate mixing within the basal ice, while various published lines of evidence indicate mixing within the overlying clean, disturbed ice. Excess CH<sub>4</sub>, which reaches thousands of ppm in basal dirty ice at GRIP, is virtually absent in overlying clean disturbed ice, demonstrating that mixing of dirty basal ice into the overlying clean ice, if it occurs at all, is very slow. Order-of-magnitude estimates indicate that the mixing rate of clean ice into dirty ice is sufficient to maintain a steady thickness of dirty ice against thinning from the mean ice flow. The dirty ice appears to consist of two or more basal components in addition to clean glacial ice. A small amount of soil or permafrost, plus preglacial snow, lake or ground ice could explain the observations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.033","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Bender, M.L., Burgess, E., Alley, R.B., Barnett, B., and Clow, G.D., 2010, On the nature of the dirty ice at the bottom of the GISP2 ice core: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 299, no. 3-4, p. 466-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.033.","startPage":"466","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217945,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.033"}],"volume":"299","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6de0e4b0c8380cd7538c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Michael L.","contributorId":103507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgess, Edward","contributorId":54444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alley, Richard B.","contributorId":34365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13035,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnett, Bruce","contributorId":82565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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